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Human Circulatory System – Biology Class 10

1. Heart is made up of 4 chambers.Upper two chambers are called atria and lower two
chambers are called ventricles.

2. Left Atrium Vs Right Atrium

Left Atria Right Atria
Receives oxygenated blood through lungs Receives de-oxygenated blood from body cells
through pulmonary vein. through the Main vein (vena cava)

Pulmonary vein Main vein (Vena Cava)

Lungs ------------------------------>Left Artium Body cells --------------------------->Right Artium
*So Atria is the sink I.e. it receives blood.

3. Veins are thin blood vessels which carry blood from different body parts to the heart (to
Atria).Blood flowing in veins is not under high pressure,due to which they are thin.

4. Veins carry blood in one dierction i.e. from body to heart.The back flow is prevented with
the help of left and right valves which close as ventricles contact to pump out blood.

image source - http://www.human-body-facts.com/human-heart-diagram.html

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5. Left Ventricle Vs Right Ventricle

Left Ventricle Right Ventricle

Oxygenated blood flows from left ventricles to De-oxygenated blood flows from right ventricles
the body cells through Main Artery called to the lungs through pulmonary artery.
Aorta.Oxygenated blood is used for respiration
in the body cells.
Aorta Pulmonary Artery
Left Ventricles ----------------------->Body Cells Right Ventricles--------------------------->Lungs
*So Ventricles are source i.e.from where blood flows to different body parts

6. Arteries are thick blood vessels that carry blood from ventricles to differen parts of the
body.It is thick because blood comes at high pressure from the ventricles, so if they are thin
they might break with the high pressure blood coming out from the ventricles.

7. Capillaries- They are very thin narrow tubes that link arteries and veins.They pass
oxygenated blood rich in dissolved nutrients from arteries to body cells and then carries
deoxygenated blood (carrying carbon dioxide) from body cell to the veins.Thus exchange
of various materials such as dissolved food, oxygen, carbon dioxide etc between blood and
body cells takes place through capillaries,

8. Heart muscle is also called cardiac muscles.

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