CC BI TON TRONG TAM GIC

Trn c Ngc 0985128747 Trng THPT Tn K I ,Ngh An

Nhng bi ton thi t 1997 n 2008

1)Tam gic ABC c : sin2A+sin2B+sin2 C 2 Th Tam gic ABC l Tam gic nhn . Hd : ( 2.5-D98,A2000) Bin i T = sin2A+sin2B+sin2C = 2 + 2cosAcosBcosC.Bin lun. 2)Tam gic nhn ,c : Hd : ( 2.6-A99) Tam gic ABC nhn nn cosA,cosB,cosC
M cosAcosB = Suy ra: cosAsosB cos2

. C/m +

ABC u

0.Theo Cosi :

(1) = cos2

= sin2
(2)

= sin2 .

Do ,t (1) v (2) ta c :

+ +

.Tc l +

+ + +

-Vit hai bt tng t, cng 3 bt , ta c pcm :

3)Tam gic ABC c : sinA+sinB+sinC 2sin sin Hd : ( 2.7-A2000) sinA+sinB+sinC 2sin sin = 2sin .. cos = ..

= 2sin

.C/minh : C = 1200 = 2cos

4cos cos cos - 2sin sin

C = 600

4)Hai gc A,B ca tam gic ABC tho mn k: tan + tan = 1. Chng minh rng: Hd : ( 3.11-A98) Chng minh c tan
Suy ra: tan

tan

tan

+ tan tan + tan tan = 1.

1 .Mt khc

= tan

= .Cho nn:
tan

=
Du bng xy ra khi tan = tan =

Do : tan
Tc l khi

ABC cn ti nh C.

5) C/m Tam gic ABC u khi v ch khi :

+
Hd : ( 3.12-A99) (*)

- (cotA+cotB+cotC) = + +
=

(*) tan .. tan

+ tan + tan =

. Vy ABC u

( Vi m i tam gic ta lun c: tan + tan + tan

( bnh phng 2 v,thay 1 = tan +

+ tan tan + tan tan )

0 ,du bng xy ra khi ABC u )

6) Tam gic ABC n i tip trong ng trn c bn knh R = 1.Gi ma , mb , mc l di cc trung tuyn.C/m

Tam gic ABC u khi v ch khi :

= = =
sinA .

Hd : (3.14-A01) k cn : ABC u th ta c ma = mb = mc =
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CC BI TON TRONG TAM GIC

Trn c Ngc 0985128747 Trng THPT Tn K I ,Ngh An

Suy ra : iu kin : 2ma +

2

=
2

= 2

=
a.ma

=
(1)

= b2 + c2

a2 + b2 + c2 = 2ma + (2)

Hon ton tng t c:

(3) Cng (1) , (2) , (3) v theo v c :

.Du bng xy ra

..

(cng thc trung tuyn )

2

a2 = b2 = c2
2

ABC u
2 2

7) C/m rng :Nu Tam gic ABC c (b +c )sin(C B) = (c b )sin(C + B) Th tam gic vung hoc cn

Hd : (4.16-A99) (b2+c2)sin(C B) = (c2 b2)sin(C + B) b2

*

= c2

sin2BsinBsinC = sin2CsinBsinC

sin2B = sin2C (ptlg c bn)

.. Tam gic ABC vung ho c cn.

8 )Cho tam gic ABC c ng thng i qua trng tm G v tm I ng trn n i tip vung gc vi ng phn gic trong ca gc C,gi a,b,c l di cc cnh ca tam gic ABC.Chng minh rng :

Hd : ( 5.18-A2000). - Gi giao im ca IP vi cc cnh CA,CB tng ng l P,Q.T gi thiets suy ra CPQ cn ti C -Gi r,p, ha ,hb , S th t l ca ABC .da , db l khong cch t G n cc cnh a,b ca ABC - Tnh din tch CPQ theo hai cch:
Cch 1: Cch 2 :

dtCPQ = dtCIP + dtCIQ = dtCPQ = dtCGP + dtCGQ =

r (CP + CQ) = r.CP

db .CP + da = r= da .CQ = ha db =

(1)

(CP = CQ do CPQ cn) (CP = CQ do CPQ cn)

(da + db ) .CP

(2)

T (1) , (2) v ch G l trng tm r.CP =

ABC

hb nn ta c :

(da + db ) .CP =

r=

(da + db )

(ha + hb )

= (

= (

.y l pcm

9)Tam gic ABC c 2b = a +c khi v ch khi cot cot = 3 Hd :( 6.21-D98) nh l sin trong Tam gic.Bin i tng thnh tch 10)Tam gic ABC c 5tan tan = 1 .Chng minh 3c = 2(a+b) Hd :( 6.22-D2000) l sin trong Tam gic.Bin i tng ng t cnh v gc, b tng thnh tch 11)Gi a,b,c l di ba cnh ,A,B,C l cc gc ,S l din tch v R l bn knh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.Chng minh cotA+cotB+cotC = Hd :( 8.28-A98).p dng cc cng thc : cosA= 12)Tam gic ABC tho mn h thc = , sinA =
v S =

. cotA =

. Chng minh tam gic ABC u

Hd :( 8.29-A99) nh l sin trong tam gic. -ng thc cho tng ng vi sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = sinA + sinB + sinC (*) -Nhn 2 c hai v ,(*) (sin2A + sin2B-2sinC)+( sin2B + sin2C-2sinA)+( sin2C + sin2A-2sinB)=0
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CC BI TON TRONG TAM GIC

Trn c Ngc 0985128747 Trng THPT Tn K I ,Ngh An

2sinC

+ 2sinB

+ 2sinA A=B= C

=0 ABC u

13)Tam gic ABC tho mn h thc : Hd :( 10.34-A97) l sin .(*) Hd :( 10.35-B97) .Ta c (*)

= =

.(*) Chng minh ABC vung. cos(A+B) = 0 1 0 2bc 2ca 2ab 2(ab+bc+ca) (*) ABC vung

14) Trong tam gic ABC ,chng minh lun c cosA+cosB+cosC 2 + 4sin sin sin 2(ab+bc+ca) b2 + c2 a2 c +a b
2 2 2

15) Trong tam gic ABC ,chng minh : a2+b2+c2 Hd :( 10.36-D97) Ta c : a b c Cng ba bt cng chiu , c pcm : Hd :( 10.37-A98) .nh l sin
17) Chng minh :Tam gic ABC c tanA + tanB = 2cot

a2 + b2 c2

ABC bt k ta lun c : a2+b2+c2

16) Chng minh :Tam gic vung hoc cn khi v ch khi : acosB bcosA = asinA bsinB th ABC l tam gic cn

Hd :( 10.38-B98) 18) Tnh cc gc ca tam gic ABC nu cc gc A,B,C tho mn h thc : cos2A + Hd :( 12.47-A01) (*) (cos2B +cos2C) + = 0 (*) + 3.sin2(B-C) = 0 .. 19) Tam gic ABC tho mn atanA + btanB = (a+b).tan Hd :( 13.54-D01) . (*) .(*)
ABC u

Chng minh ABC cn .. A = B , ABC cn ti C.

.(tan A tanB) = 0

20) Tam gic ABC tho mn h thc : cot2 + cot2 Hd :( 14.57-A99) Ta c 1= tan cot2
cot2 cot2

+ cot2 = 9. Chng minh tam gic ABC u 3

tan

+ tan tan + tan tan

(1) .

27 + cot2 3. 3.

Theo Cosi : cot2 + cot2 cot2 + cot2 + cot2

(2) T (1) v (2) suy ra :

= 9 .Du bng xy ra khi (1) v (2) ng thi xy ra du bng, tc l khi: ..

ABC u

21) Tam gic ABC l tam gic g nu : Hd :( 15.58-A97)

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CC BI TON TRONG TAM GIC

Trn c Ngc 0985128747 Trng THPT Tn K I ,Ngh An

-ng thc (1) -ng thc (2)

- 4cos

cos

cos B A

=0
90 .
0

c gc (chng hn A) bng 600 A = B .Nh vy ,suy ra ABC u sin .sin .Ta c/minh M = sinAcossA + sinBcossB

cos (A - B) = 1

22) Cho tam gic ABC c cc gc tho mn C Hd :( 15.61-A99) Ta bin i M =

Tm gtnn ca biu thc : M = cos

-C : sinCcoss(A-B) = sin(A+B)cos(A-B) = -Suy ra : cos(A-B) = cosA + B A 900 B A cosB

cosA + cosB.Tc l cos(A-B)

cosA + cosB 1

( V theo gi thit C

Thy :vi ABC u th iu kin C

900 c thc hin v M =

- ng thc M =
-Suy ra : M=

xy ra

khi ABC l tam gic vung ti A hoc l tam gic u.Vy MinM =

23) Tam gic ABC l tam gic g nu : Hd :( 15.62-A01) -p dng l sin cho (1),chia c 2 v cho 2sinAsinB sin(B-A) = 0 - Nh vy A = B = Chng minh : Hd :( 16.64-A98) Ta c : 0 c (1) sinAcossB+sinBcosA = 2sinBcosA cosA = sinA A=

A = B . Thay vo (2) c 2sin2A = 4sin2 A do C =

ABC vung cn ti nh C.

24) Gi a,b,c l di ba cnh ,r l bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC .

+ + + + = = = .Du bng xy ra
ABC u

+
= =

25) Cho A,B,C l ba gc trong mt tam gic . Tm gtln ca biu thc : Hd :( 17.67-A98) Ta c M = 3(1- 2sin2 ) + 4sin cos Phng trnh f (t) = 0 c = 4cos2 M= cos2 = 1 v = 0

M = 3cosA + 2(cosB + cosC) f (t) = 6t2- 4t.cos 6(M-3) 0 M-3

+ (M 3) = 0 vi t = sin
cos2 M

+3= .

B = C v A l gc c sin
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= . Vy MaxM =

CC BI TON TRONG TAM GIC

Trn c Ngc 0985128747 Trng THPT Tn K I ,Ngh An

26) Cho A,B,C l ba gc ca tam gic . Chng minh rng : Nu cot , cot , cot lp thnh mt cp s cng th cot . cot + cot

=3
+ cot = cot + cot cot = 2cot (2) cot (1)

Hd :( 17.68-A99) - Trc ht chng minh : Vi tam gic ABC ta lun c : cot - Theo gi thit ; cot ( Cng cot , cot , cot cot cot

lp thnh mt cp s cng .Ta c cot + cot = 3cot M= + cot = 3cot cot . cot +

vo c hai v ) cot

- T (1),(2) suy ra : cot

= 3 y l pcm.
+

27) Cho A,B,C l ba gc trong mt tam gic . Tm gtnn ca biu thc : Hd :( 19.71-A99) p dng Cosi : M=

=
M= A = B = 300 , C = 1200 .Vy MinM = A B C A

=
t khi A = B = 300 , C = 1200, ABC cn 2 C 900.t t = cosC , 0 t

28) Cho tam gic ABC c 00 Hd :( 19.72-A2000) - T gt suy ra cosC pcm (2t 1)

900 .Chng minh : B C 900 600

0.T k 00

. Do

0 (*) V 2t t= C = 600

0 v 2t 1

0 cho nn bt (*) xy ra du bng khi

v ch khi 2t 1 = 0

ABC u.

29) Tam gic ABC c cc cnh a,b,c v p l na chu vi . Chng minh rng :

+ =

2( +

+ ) =

Hd :( 21.77-A01).p dng bt Cosi ta c :

+
Tc l :

2.

(1)

Tng t: :

+
ABC u

(2)

v :

(3).

Cng ba bt ng thc cng chiu (1),(2),(3) ta c pcm.

30) Tam gic ABC c Hd :( 22.79-D97) -Gi thit : - Gi thit:

.Chng minh
(Nhn cho,lm gn) cos(B C) cosA=

a2(b+c) = b3+c3

a2 = b2 + c2 bc

A = 600 (1)

cos(B C) = 1

B - C = 0, B=C, ABC (2)

-T (1) v (2) ta c pcm : ABC u Page 5

CC BI TON TRONG TAM GIC

Trn c Ngc 0985128747 Trng THPT Tn K I ,Ngh An

31) Cho a,b,c l ba cnh v A,B,C l ba gc ca mt tam gic . Chng minh rng : Hd :( 22.80-D98).Ta c:VP =
32) Cc cnh v cc gc ca tam gic tho mn :

= =

(*)

= + =

== . Chng minh
ABC vung

= VT

Hd :( 22.82-D2000) l sin.Gi thit bin i tng ng cos(B+C) = 0

ABC vung

33) Chng minh rng: Trong mi tam gic ta c : 0 sinA+sinB+sinC - sinAsinB - sinBsinC - sinCsinA 1 Hd :( 23.84-D97) C: sinA+sinB+sinC - sinAsinB - sinBsinC sinCsinA= sinA(1- sinB)+sinB(1-sinC)+sinC(1-sinA) 0 (1) V : (1-sinA)(1-sinB)(1-sinc) 0 ,( thc hin nhn a thc ) sinA+sinB+sinC - sinAsinB - sinBsinC sinCsinA 1 sinAsinBsinC 1 T (1) v (2) ta c iu cn chng minh: 0 sinA+sinB+sinC - sinAsinB - sinBsinC - sinCsinA * 34 ) Tam gic ABC c cc gc Av B nhn , cc gc tho mn sin2 A + sin2B = . Tnh gc C Hd :( 23.84-D97). -Ta c 0 sinC 1 nn sin2C do t gt sin2A + sin2B (p dng l cosin) suy ra cosC 0 -Chng minh c : sin2A + sin2 B + sin2C = 2 + 2cossAcosBcosC . -T gi thit suy ra: + sin2C = 2 + 2cossAcosBcosC .C VT = cossAcosBcosC 0 .Theo gi thit A , B nhn -T (1) v (2) ta c cosC = 0 .Vy C = 900. 35) Chng minh :Trong m i tam gic ta lun c : cossAcosB sin2C a2 + b2 c2 (1) + sin2C 0 2 (2) (2) 1

0 do cosC

= (tan

+ tan

+ tan + cot

+ cot

+ cot )

Hd :( 23.85-A98) Ta c tan + cot = , tan + cot = , tan + cot = Cng 3 ng thc v theo v , sau chia hai v cho 2 c pcm. 36) Cc gc ca tam gic ABC tho mn :cotA +cotB +cotC = tan
Chng minh ABC u

+ tan + tan

.
tan
2tan

Hd :( 23.86-A99) :Chng minh c ABC bt k th: cotA +cotB +cotC

Du bng xy ra khi

+ tan + tan
(1)

ABC l tam gic u.Tht vy,ta c:

cotA+cotB = =
Hon ton tng t ,c: cotB+cotC pcm : cotA +cotB +cotC 2tan

= 2tan .Tc l : cotA+cotB

(2) , cotC+cotA 2tan

(3) .Cng 3 bt (1), (2), (3) c

tan

+ tan + tan .Du bng xy ra khi cc bt (1), (2), (3) ng thi xy

cos cos

ra du bng ,tc l khi A = B = C , ABC l tam gic u .

37) Cc gc ca tam gic ABC tho mn : cos

Chng minh ABC vung.

- sin sin sin =

(*)

Hd :( 23.88-A01) Ta c (*) cos

- sin
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=1

CC BI TON TRONG TAM GIC

Trn c Ngc 0985128747 Trng THPT Tn K I ,Ngh An

cos sin + cos cos cos -

- sin cos

+ sin

-1=0

=0 =0 .T/hp (1) xy ra th A = 900 ,T/hp (2) th B hoc C l 900

Ta c pcm :Nu Cc gc ca tam gic ABC tho mn : cos th ABC vung.

cos

cos

- sin sin sin =

(*)

38*) Chng minh trong m i tam gic ta lun c : tan

+ tan + tan

= = = = = VP

Hd :( 24.89-A01) Ta c: VT = tan

+ tan + tan

..=
39) Cho A,B,C l ba gc ca tam gic .Chng minh: a)
b)

tan tan

tan tan

+ tan tan + tan tan = 1

tan
, Du ng thc xy ra khi no ?

Hd :( 25.92-A99) Cu a).C tan tan

= tan

.Tc l:

Nhn cho ,suy ra pcm:

+ tan tan + tan tan = 1

tan

Cu b) Csi : ) 1 = tan

+ tan tan + tan tan

tan tan tan tan

. Suy ra :

(pcm) Du bng xy ra khi ABC u. tng ng vi : cot

( Ra bi tp mi- Thy : tan

tan

cot

cot

40) Cc gc ca tam gic ABC tho mn : cosC(sinA + sinB) = sinCcos(A B) (*) Hy tnh : cosA + cosB

Hd :( 25.93-A2000) Ta c (*) - cos(A+B).cos t u = cos Tc l 1 = 2 cos = cos

- cos(A+B).2sin cos(A-B)

cos

= 2sin

cos = cos ..

cos(A-B)

(1- 2cos2

) .cos

(2cos2
1= 2uv .

- 1)

v v = cos cos

(u v v dng) Ta c (1-2u2)v = (2v2- 1)u

cosA + cosB = 1 (iu ta cn tm)

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Trn y l 40 bi ton v Tam gic , thi trong 13 nm qua .Ti su tp,ghi li nhng Hng dn rt ngn gn. Gp phn gip cho cc em Hc sinh c iu kin n tp mng kin thc ny c thun li. Ti gi ln thn tng cc ng nghip c cng s thch AM M CHUYN MN .
TR N C NGC_YN SN_ LNG _ NGH AN IN THO I 0985128747 _ 0383882577 GV_ THPT TN K I

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