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Agente causante de
mancha de Asfalto
Phyllachora maydis
Produce pequeas manchas negras
y brillosas sobre la hoja.
Las manchas son ovaladas o
circulares con 0.5 a 2 mm de
dimetro
Monographella maydis
Aparece 2 o 3 das despus de P. maydis,
Las manchas y estras aparecen rodeadas de
un halo
Causa necrosis y es mas daino
Coniothyrium phyllachorae
hiperpasito y su funcin
poca conocida
Agentes Causales
Los Patgenos:
P. maydis es un parasito obligado, no se conoce
bien como sobrevive sin maz
Las ascosporas de M. maydis pueden sobrevivir
en restos de cosecha por tres meses o mas. Lo
cual puede ser suficiente para asegurar una
fuente de inoculo primario. Requiere la
presencia de P. maydis para ser patognico
Mancha de Asfalto
Phyllachora maydis
Monographella maydis
Factores climticos
Temperatura 17 22o C
Humedad relativa > 75%
7 h de roci por noche
Factores nutricionales
Altos niveles de nitrgeno
Manejo agronmico
La severidad de mancha
de asfalto esta relacionado
con la incidencia de M.
maydis.
Fuente: Hock et al, 1995. Plant Pathology 44: 490-502.
Liberacin de ascosopras de
Phyllachora maydis
Registro de ascosporas de
Phyllachora maydis en
relacin de precipitacin,
luminosidad, humedad
relativa, temperatura y
roci.
Mayor numero de
ascosporas fueron liberadas
Humedad relativa >85%
Temperatura > 17 - 23o C
Fuente: Hock et al, 1995. Plant Pathology 44: 490-502.
g1
Diapositiva 13
g1
gmahuku, 9/5/2011
Brasil
Paraguay
Argentina
Chile
Estrategias de manejo
Evaluacin de germoplasma
CIMMYT cuenta con materiales genticos con diferentes
grados de resistencia / tolerancia
CML61, 290, 294, 297, 307, 494, CLRCY038
Establecer viveros/ensayos para evaluacin en hot spots
en diferentes pases
DT27
DT123
DT158
DT109
DT189
DT11
DT162
DT147
DT56
DT63
DT225
Pedigri
P502-SRc0-F2-54-2-2-1-B-B
[M37W/ZM607#bF37sr-2-3sr-6-2-X]-8-2-X-1-BB-B-xP84c1 F27-43-3-B-1-B] F29-1-2-2 x [KILIMA ST94A]-30/MSV-03-101-08-B-B1xP84c1 F27-4-1-4-B-3-B] F2-1-2-1-1-1-B x CML486]-1-1
CML-329/MBR c2 am F14-2-BBBB
[M37W/ZM607#bF37sr-2-3sr-6-2-X]-8-2-X-1-BB-B-xP84c1 F27-43-3-B-1-B] F29-1-1-1-7 x [KILIMA ST94A]-30/MSV-03-2-10-B-1B-B-xP84c1 F27-4-1-6-B-5-B]-1-3-B/CML312SR]-1-1
CL-02520=P25C6H37-1-1-1-B-2-1-2-BBB-B
CIMCALI8843/S9243-BB-#-B-5-1-BB-4-1-3
POB.33c3-92-2-4-2-B-B
CML-311
CLA12 (susceptible)
CLA46 (Susceptible)
DTPWC9-F24-2-3-1-1-B-B-B (Susceptible)
Repetibilidad
Antesis
Calific
Max (1-5)
AUDPC
72
1.00
4.41
68
67
1.34
1.00
9.49
9.64
68
74
75
65
72
68
66
65
0.95
1.18
1.02
0.99
1.35
1.15
4.99
5.00
4.67
0.95
10.26
10.31
11.36
14.31
14.55
137.60
143.64
147.72
0.97
Actividades en desarrollo
Elucidacin de la herencia y efectos genticos.
Evaluacin de lneas puras en mltiples
localidades para identificar genes estables
(Mxico, Guatemala, Colombia, El Salvador?)
Mapeo asociado para la
identificacin de
regiones del genoma involucradas en la
resistencia.
Desarrollo de marcadores moleculares y
protocolos para su uso en mejoramiento gentico.
Cuadro22B.Rendimientopromedio(14%)yotrascaractersticasde25hbridosdemazblanco,Guatemala,2010(5loc)
Rend FlorM FlorF Alpt
Hbridos
1.
Pud
AcaR AcaT Enf1 Enf2 Ach Aspt Asmz Cob Posic Hum
(g)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
Maz
110.3
6.5
1.1
0.0
1.6
2.1
5.3
2.3
2.3
3.2
0.51 22.3
26
29
0.99
97.8
7.9
1.8
2.7
1.7
1.6
1.2
2.5
2.5
6.3
0.53 20.3
21
25
0.96
105.3
3.6
1.9
1.7
2.2
2.2
7.1
2.9
2.3
3.3
0.49 21.5
21
25
6.05
0.99
102.8
5.5
1.5
3.6
2.1
2.1
3.3
2.5
2.0
3.7
0.50 20.5
21
24
6.16
6.21
6.14
6.09
6.22
0.97
0.99
0.96
0.96
0.99
97.9
98.2
98.2
97.1
93.0
8.2
7.7
8.7
13.9
6.3
0.3
1.8
0.8
1.1
1.2
0.3
1.8
1.0
1.0
1.7
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.7
2.4
2.1
2.7
1.3
1.0
2.2
7.3
2.2
2.2
2.6
2.8
2.6
3.1
2.3
2.1
2.4
2.4
2.4
4.6
4.9
3.4
4.6
3.7
0.50
0.51
0.51
0.53
0.49
21.7
21.6
20.8
21.8
21.3
18
17
17
16
14
21
21
20
19
17
0.95
98.1
8.4
0.5
0.8
2.0
2.1
4.6
2.5
2.2
4.3
0.52 21.6
13
16
HE2988
6.50
63
64
214
111
6.12
5.89
0.96
2.
NC69C
6.27
61
62
214
114
6.41
6.34
3.
P4063W
6.26
62
62
239
118
6.15
5.89
4.
MH9058
6.25
60
60
229
118
6.10
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
DK370
NC59C
CIMMYT13
DK357
P4081W
6.09
6.08
6.04
6.00
5.88
61
61
63
61
61
62
62
63
61
62
235
237
234
230
231
119
122
122
124
114
6.32
6.28
6.36
6.38
6.28
10. CIMMYT11
5.83
63
63
227
119
6.19
5.87
11. N79C
5.78
62
63
210
116
6.25
6.24
1.00
90.8
8.3
1.4
1.3
2.0
1.9
0.3
2.7
2.9
6.3
0.54 20.5
12
15
12. MORO
5.72
63
64
221
112
6.35
6.17
0.97
93.3
6.8
1.3
1.3
2.1
2.4
2.3
2.7
2.5
3.0
0.50 21.8
11
14
13. MH9056
5.53
62
62
195
96
6.34
6.08
0.96
90.5
13.4
0.2
0.2
1.7
2.3
1.2
2.3
2.6
4.0
0.48 21.5
10
14. CIMMYT9
5.50
63
63
228
109
6.30
6.00
0.95
91.7
5.2
1.3
0.1
2.3
2.2
2.5
2.0
2.7
3.3
0.48 21.6
15. P4082W
5.50
63
63
239
123
5.96
5.91
0.99
91.1
8.3
2.5
0.8
2.1
2.1
8.1
2.6
2.7
3.3
0.51 22.2
16. CIMMYT7
5.40
62
63
225
112
6.34
6.04
0.95
88.4
8.9
0.8
0.3
2.0
2.3
3.2
2.8
2.7
2.8
0.49 20.8
17. NC6531
5.28
60
61
207
108
6.28
6.12
0.98
85.2
9.7
2.6
0.5
1.9
1.9
3.3
2.4
2.6
5.3
0.52 21.9
18. HESQ1
5.25
62
62
214
117
6.42
5.87
0.91
87.9
4.9
2.0
3.8
2.2
2.0
2.3
2.6
2.5
3.4
0.54 20.3
19. NC49C
5.20
61
61
235
120
6.29
6.14
0.98
82.6
9.4
0.8
0.6
1.7
2.1
2.0
2.8
2.8
7.2
0.51 21.3
5.18
61
62
225
119
6.14
5.97
0.98
86.7
7.7
3.2
0.8
2.2
2.0
8.8
2.5
2.8
3.1
0.52 20.8
5.58
62
62
224
114
6.23
5.97
0.96
92.6
8.3
1.3
1.2
2.0
2.1
3.7
2.6
2.6
4.2
0.50 21.2
11
20.
30F32(Testigo
Comercial)
Promedio
DMS(5%)
0.51
0.29
0.30
0.05
8.5
4.0
1.6
2.9
0.5
0.5
3.8
0.7
0.4
1.2
0.03
0.7
C.V.(%)
CMError
12.7
2.2
2.3
1 10..83
6.7
9.8
6.4
7.0
6.7
12.8
67
168
338
26.4
27.1
111.2
21.9
19.4
39.6
7.2
4.6
0.503
1.82
1.97
226.8
15.7
0.15
0.17
0.00
4.70 16.0
0.27
0.33
16.53
0.32
0.24
2.80
0.00
0.95
140.7 30.87
Tipo
Hbrido
Grano
(CLRCW96/CLRCW85)//CML494
Normal
(CLG2312/CML495)//CML494
Normal
(CLRCW85/CLRCW97)//CML494
Normal
(CML264/CML269)//CML494
Normal
5.49
(CIMMYT5)
(CML502/CLQRCWQ108)//CML491 QPM 5.45
(CLQRCWQ116/CML491)//CML503
QPM
5.18
(CIMMYT3)
AF
Seq
3.47
3.55
3.33
Tlalti
AD
FF
10.15 58.08
9.57 56.58
10.28 58.01
Pos
Maz
0.48
0.47
0.49
Asp
Maz ENDO TEX
2.26 1.55 3.46
2.20 1.46 2.72
2.21 1.70 3.46
5.80
2.34
1.54
3.22
8.67
4.43
6.22
5.82
2.35
1.58
2.26
6.00
3.79
13.01
5.46
2.49
2.39
3.02
6.00
4.05
2.05
5.28
4.96
4.69
5.17
4.93
5.61
5.21
4.87
5.41
5.14
2.10
2.49
2.88
2.73
2.80
0.50
0.49
0.50
0.50
0.50
2.33
2.46
2.44
2.24
2.34
1.69
1.67
1.52
1.50
1.51
2.55
2.83
2.15
2.67
2.41
15.67
13.00
14.00
9.00
11.50
6.55
5.28
4.45
9.33
6.89
5.82
6.26
14.93
6.61
10.77
MEDIA
MDS
5.33
0.71
5.64
0.76
2.33
0.32
1.66
0.47
2.83
0.76
10.73
6.06
5.89
3.28
7.70
7.97
Heredabilidad
0.48
0.57
0.00
0.61
0.64
0.77
0.64
0.40
Testigo Local1
Testigo Local2
TestigoComercial1
TestigoComercial2
MediaTestigosComerciales
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
2.92
3.45
2.71
2.66
9.47
9.51
11.97
9.98
10.98
58.00
58.37
58.27
57.63
57.95
0.74
RG
AF
Tipo Comb RGOpt bajo AF Tlalti
Grano Loc
Loc
N Seq AD
FF
Hbrido
(CLRCY041/CL02450)//CML451
(CIMMYT2)
(CLQRCYQ49/CLQG2508)//CML165
Normal
(CLQG2508/CLQRCYQ67)//CML165
Pos
Maz
Asp Asp
Plt Maz pMCM pPM pAR pAT
6.00
5.94
QPM
5.91
5.86
QPM
5.75
5.68
5.65
5.67
Testigo Comercial 1
Normal 5.23
Normal 5.82
5.08
5.97
MEDIA
5.66
5.62
MDS
0.49
0.52
Heredabilidad
0.67
0.70
Testigo Comercial 2
1.12
0.57
0.02
0.90
Variedad
S06TLWQSEQLN-AB
RG
Comb RGOpt RGAF RG
Loc
Loc
bajoN TLAD
FF
AM
AP
TEX
pMCM
pPM
pAR
5.06
5.23
2.42
3.39
2.63
15.19
4.80
S03TLW3B NORMAL
4.91
5.02
2.20
3.17
3.40
12.06
7.93
S05TLWQHGB
4.63
4.66
2.38
3.20
5.78
16.13
2.83
S03TLW SCB
4.44
4.49
1.89
2.32
3.20
13.13
6.89
S03TLWQAB05
4.41
4.33
2.04
2.68
5.94
13.95
4.29
S03TLWSCB NORMAL
4.28
4.29
2.31
3.31
2.67
12.78
6.67
S05TLWQSEQLNABF2
S99TLWBNSEQ (1)
4.28
4.18
1.92
2.96
7.72
17.59
4.73
4.27
4.25
2.05
2.69
7.46
17.51
8.15
(CML503/CML492)//CML491
5.25
5.28
2.09
2.31
1.82
9.34
2.17
Testigo Comercial 1
4.72
4.45
2.08
2.62
2.81
17.67
6.97
Testigo Comercial 2
5.40
4.92
2.78
2.65
2.53
15.32
8.21
5.06
4.68
2.43
2.64
2.67
16.50
7.59
MEDIA
4.30
4.26
1.93
2.92
5.56
17.00
5.99
MDS
0.83
1.06
Heredabilidad
0.69
0.52
0.80
1.13
8.04
0.92
5.36
6.16
4.37
0.88 0.87
0.75
0.50
0.59
0.73
0.25
Variedad
S05TLYSEQ/L.N
S03TLYLN/Pp
S05TLYHGA.B2
S05TLYBM/ER/FAW
S00TLY1AB
S05TLYHGA.B1
S03TLY2AB
S05TLYHGA
RG
Comb RGOpt AF
Loc
Loc
bajoN TlaltiAD FF
PosMaz AspPlt AspMaz
4.79
4.79
1.63
7.98
57.04
0.52
2.41
2.93
4.64
4.76
1.32
7.15
58.15
0.50
2.56
2.84
4.70
4.76
1.42
7.57
57.28
0.48
2.62
2.79
4.58
4.74
1.45
6.50
56.90
0.53
2.45
2.98
4.56
4.66
1.66
6.65
55.84
0.54
2.70
2.80
4.55
4.43
1.93
7.89
57.89
0.52
2.47
3.09
4.22
4.23
1.42
6.98
56.94
0.50
2.73
2.89
4.14
4.19
1.20
6.48
58.45
0.51
2.83
2.79
TEX
2.54
2.40
1.40
2.68
2.26
3.12
2.40
2.26
pMCM
7.71
6.64
4.91
5.78
4.54
3.84
7.15
5.45
pPM
13.89
11.97
12.50
15.46
12.62
10.77
9.79
12.18
pAT
9.57
6.34
8.60
5.22
9.08
5.37
7.46
6.58
CML451/CL02450
TestigoComercial1
TestigoComercial2
testigoComercial3
MediaTestigos
Comerciales
5.13
5.73
5.32
5.60
4.96
5.85
5.12
5.74
1.04
1.36
2.65
1.14
10.48
9.18
9.25
8.94
58.82
57.98
57.35
58.13
0.49
0.52
0.52
0.50
2.00
2.39
2.27
2.56
2.57
2.68
2.63
2.68
2.71
3.54
2.26
2.40
1.51
6.53
8.55
10.28
7.41
8.45
11.80
9.57
7.54
5.09
7.67
4.95
5.55
5.57
1.72
9.13
57.82
0.51
2.40
2.66
2.73
8.46
9.94
5.90
MEDIA
MDS
4.20
0.68
4.24
0.76
1.29
6.84
56.26
1.23
0.50
0.03
2.65
0.44
3.14
0.41
2.20
0.68
8.36
4.65
16.44
7.70
8.18
6.53
Heredabilidad
0.90
0.87
0.36
0.88
0.96
0.59
0.61
0.86
0.82
0.82
0.81
0.46