Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PENDAHULUAN
Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up Audits Important Decisions About Audit Evidence Specific Audit Objectives and Audit Evidence Audit Evidence, Corroborating Information, and Audit Procedures Electronic Data Processing and Audit Procedures Audit Programs Working Papers
Top-down audit evidence focuses the auditors attention on obtaining an understanding of: The business and industry, Managements goals and objectives, How management uses its resources to attain those goals, The organizations competitive advantage in the marketplace, Core business processes, and The earnings and cash flow that result.
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Bottom-up audit evidence focuses on directly testing: Transactions, Account balances, and The systems that record the transactions and resulting account balances.
When planning the audit, the auditor must make 4 important decisions about scope and conduct of the audit. These include: 1. The nature of tests to be performed 2. The timing of tests to be performed 3. The extent of tests to be performed 4. The assignment of staff to perform audit tests
Five Management Assertions (GAAS) Existence and Occurrence Completeness Rights and Obligations Valuation or Allocation Presentation and Disclosure
Specific Audit Objective All sales (EO1), cash receipts (EO2), and sales adjustment (EO3) transactions that have been recorded occurred during the period. EO4. Accounts receivable represent valid amounts owed by customers at the balance sheet date.
Balance
Balance
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Faktor yang mempengaruhi kecukupan bukti audit: Materiality Risk of Material Misstatement Size of Population Characteristics of Population
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PROSEDUR AUDIT
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PROSEDUR AUDIT 10 types of audit procedures: 1. Analytical procedures 2. Inspecting 3. Confirming 4. Inquiring 5. Counting 6. Tracing 7. Vouching 8. Observing 9. Reperforming 10. Computer-assisted audit techniques
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PROSEDUR AUDIT
Terms Examine
Scan
Read Compute Recompute Foot
Analytical procedures
Documentation Analytical procedures Reperformance Reperformance
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PROSEDUR AUDIT
Terms Trace
Compare
Count Observe Inquire Vouch
Documentation
Physical examination Observation Inquiries of client Documentation
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KONFIRMASI
Information Assets Cash in bank Accounts receivable Notes receivable Owned inventory out on consignment Inventory held in public warehouses Cash surrender value of life insurance
Source
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KONFIRMASI
Information
Liabilities Accounts payable Notes payable Advances from customers Mortgages payable Bonds payable
Source
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KONFIRMASI
Information
Owners Equity Shares outstanding
Source
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KONFIRMASI
Information
Other Information Insurance coverage Contingent liabilities Bond indenture agreements Collateral held by creditors
Source
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Auditing around the computer Auditing with the computer Auditing through the computer
Advantageous when:
Significant part of internal controls is imbedded in a computer program Significant gaps in visible audit trail Large volumes of records to be tested
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PROGRAM AUDIT
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TEKNIK AUDIT BERBANTUAN KOMPUTER The auditor can use computer audit software to do the following: Perform the calculations and comparisons used in analytical procedures. Select a sample of accounts receivable for confirmation. Scan a file to determine that all documents in a series have been accounted for. Compare data elements in different files for agreement. Submit test data to the clients programs to determinethat computer aspects of internal controls are functioning. Reperform a variety of calculations such as totaling the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger or inventory file.
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KERTAS KERJA
SAS 41 describes working papers as the records kept by the auditor of: 1. The procedures applied, 2. The tests performed, 3. The information obtained, and 4. The pertinent conclusions reached in the audit.
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KERTAS KERJA
Working papers provide: The principal support for the auditors report. A means for coordinating and supervising the audit. Evidence that the audit was made in accordance with GAAS.
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KERTAS KERJA
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LEAD SCHEDULE CASH Per G/1 Petty Cash A-2 5 Cash in Bank: General A-3 186 Payroll A-4 21 212
(90)
A-2
A-3
Bank Reconciliation
A-3/1 Confirmation
A-4
Bank Reconciliation
A-4/1 Confirmation
PENYIAPAN KERTAS KERJA The following essential techniques of good working paper preparation should always be observed: Heading Each working paper should contain the name of the client, a descriptive title identifying the content of the working paper, and the balance sheet date or the period covered by the audit. Index number Each working paper is give an index or reference number, for identification and filing purposes. Cross-referencing Data on a working paper that is taken from another working paper or that is carried forward to another working paper should be cross-referenced with the index numbers of those working papers.
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Tick marks Tick marks are symbols that are used on working papers to indicate that the auditor has performed some procedure on the item to which the tick mark is affixed, or that additional information about the item is available elsewhere on the working paper. Signatures and dates Upon completing their respective tasks, both the preparer and reviewer of a working paper should initial and date it.
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Derrickson Associates Trial Balance 12/31/2003 Cash Accounts Receivable Prepaid Insurance Interest Receivable $165,237 275,050 37,795 20,493
Financial Statements and Audit Report Working Trial Balance Adjusting Journal Entries Contingent Liabilities
Operations
Analytical Procedures
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These files are intended to contain data of a historical or continuing nature pertinent to the current audit.
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Audit program
General information Working trial balance Adjusting and reclassification entries Supporting schedules
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