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These effluents consist of high TDS , BOD, COD, pH, Colour, chloride, sulphate,
hardness and carcinogenic dye ingredients
The high alkalinity and traces of chromium (employed in dyes) adversely affect
the aquatic life.
Reactive dyes can, however, cause problems in plant workers who manufacture the dyes
and textile workers.
Reactive Dyes
+ Human Serum Albumin [HSA]
Fig: A list of reactive dyes that have caused respiratory or skin sensitisation in
Workers on occupational exposure has been compiled by Ecological
and Toxicological Association of Dyes and Organic Pigment Manufacturers [ ETAD ]
Chronic Toxicity of Textile Dyes
Ge
Non Genotoxicity not
oxi
city
1] Water solubility Mutagens
1) The hydrophobic (fatty) nature of the Carcinogens
cell membrane is impervious to the Teratogens
hydrophilic water-soluble molecules.
3) water-soluble molecules are generally Toxicants must reach the DNA (which resides
excreted rapidly by a living organism. in the nucleus of the cell) in order for the
2] Water Insolubility chemical to interact with the DNA.
Due to the insolubility , toxicants gets large size It must possess the ability to interact
particles [0.1 to 3 mm] in the body which are not with the DNA, usually by a chemical
transported across cell membranes. reaction.
E + [DNA] E–[DNA]
Examples
Water soluble azo dyes are produced the various metabolites .These metabolites only
Develop the Carcinogenic Effects.
Benzidine
Metabolites of Benzidine
Bladder Cancer
Benzidine
Anth raqu in one D ye s
Anthraquinone dyes of the solvent or disperse class containing one or more primary
amino- or methyl amino-groups tend to be mutagenic or carcinogenic.
Disperse Orange 11
Disperse Blue 1
Disperse Violet 1
DY E TOXI CI TY
RISK
ASSE SS ME NT
DYE TOXICITY RISK ASSESSMENT
Ha za rd Id en tif ic at io n
Different dilution (5-50ppm) of methyl red using tap water were prepared.
RESULT
The fish toxicity at 5ppm of methyl red was also higher in short term experimental study
By the long term experimental studies we can understood the response of the biotic
community in an aquatic eco system receiving pollutants which will guide its restoration.
Impact of Textile Dye Industry Effluent on the Neurosecretory Cells
in Fresh Water Female Crab Spiralothelphusa hydrodroma (Herbst) *
The acute 96 h LC value for TDIE for S.hydrodroma was found to be 209.89ppm.
* Impact of Textile Dye Industry Effluent on the Neurosecretory Cells in Fresh Water
Female Crab Spiralothelphusa hydrodroma (Herbst)
1 Sekar, 2S. Hariprasad, 3M. Deccaraman Contin…..
Contin…….
IN DUS TR IA L EF FLU EN T A ND HEA LTH
STA TUS
A CASE STU DY O F NOY YAL RI VER
BASIN *
The Health Status of the villages around the NOYYAL river assessed through three medical camps.
Doctors participated in the medical camps were able to identify the symptoms of waterborne
diseases.
Health problems such as skin allergy, Respiratory infections, general allergy, Gastritis
and Ulcer were scanning among the villagers who attended the medical camp.
It was medically accepted that the polluted water had significant influence on these diseases.
It was assessed that one-fourth of the villagers has any one of the listed of diseases. Most of the
identified patients accepted that they were using either the river water or well water or both for
washing purpose, cleaning the cattle or fishing in the tank etc.
After realizing the ill effects of the water they started avoiding the use of it.
* INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT AND HEALTH STATUS A CASE STUDY OF NOYYAL RIVER BASIN
.
Dr. K. Govindarajalu *C.B.M. College, Kovaipudur, Coimbatore, India
Impact of Textile Effluents on Fresh Water
Fish
Mastacembelus Armatus
S. KARTHIKEYAN*, M.JAMBULINGAM2, P.SIVAKUMAR1,A.P. SHEKHAR3
Exposed to sub lethal concentration of textile dye -Acid Blue 92 ( CI.No. 13390) for a
period of 35 days.
RESULT
The conc. of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2 + ions are increased after the treatment with textile dyes.
The increase in K+ ion concentration of the sample is attributed to the reduction in the
extra cellular space.
Primary Clarifier
Aeration Tank
Secondary Clarifier
Ultra Filter
Contin……..
Reverse Osmosis
Primary Clarifier
Aeration Tank
Secondary Clarifier
Note:
KLD = Kilo Liters per Day