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Principle: Water is allowed to flow through tunnels in the dam, to turn turbines and drive generators. Evaluation: Magnitude of hydropower limited as: 1) Singapore lacks a major river system 2) Relatively flat land => Slow flow velocity 3) Lack of suitable site for dam construction
Assumption: 30% efficiency (0.30), low water velocity (3 m/s), low head (0.5m) P = 10 q h (kW) = 10 x 0.30 x 3 x 0.5 = 4.5 kW
Calculating power from hydroelectricity: P ~ 10 q h (kW) where = efficiency, q = water flow (m3/s),
h = falling height, head (m)
TIDAL POWER
Principle: Kinetic energy of tides used to drive turbines and drive generators. Possible Sites: St Johns Island and another near Pulau Sebarok Supply 1.5% of the country's electricity needs
Evaluation: Magnitude of tidal power limited as: 1) Low flow velocity Calm waters (protected seas) 2) Low tidal range (1.7m vs 4m) 3) Sea space is used for ports, anchorage and shipping lanes 4) High opportunity costs
Summary