API 571 Study Guide

Practice Questions
This following is a study aid that you can use to learn the details and content of API RP-571, Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining Industr ! There will be about 4-7 questions from this document on your API exam. We do not s end time in class discussing this ublication. !o it is im ortant that you become familiar with this content in your ersonal study sessions. The questions in this study aid are by damage mechanism. An answer "ey is gi#en at the end of the study guide. We suggest you read about the damage mechanism a cou le of times before answer the questions. We suggest that you do this study guide at least twice rior to the API exam.

Brittle Fracture (4.2.7)

1. A brittle fracture: a) b) c) d) 2. is caused by stress cycles. is always the result of thermal stresses. grow very rapidly with minimum deformation prior to failure. grows slowly and is dependent on time and stress.

Which of the following materials is "east affected by brittle fracture? a) b) c) d) e) Carbon steel Chromes !! series stainless steel "!! series stainless steel All stainless steels

A#$% #ection &''' had few limitations concerning brittle fracture prior to: a) b) c) d) 1()). 1(*2. 1(+ . 1(,+.

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What test is used to determine a material-s toughness? a) b) c) d) e) Charpy impact test .uided bend test $etallography /ension test 0hysical fitness test

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Which of the following is n#t a critical factor that contributes to a brittle fracture? a) b) c) d) /he material-s fracture toughness $a1imum operating temperature #tress concentration at a flaw $agnitude of the residual stresses

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$ost brittle failures occur: a) b) c) d) below the impact transition temperature. on thinner materials. on 2clean3 steel. while in operation at elevated temperatures. % &ecember '(()

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API 571 Study Guide

Practice Questions
+. $ost brittle failures appear as: a) b) c) d) ,. branched crac4ing. intergranular crac4ing. ductile tears. cleveage.

Which of the following is n#t a method used to prevent brittle fracture? a) b) c) e) /horough inspections #trict controls on selecting construction materials 0ost weld heat treatment Controlling minimum operating temperatures

Erosion Erosion !orrosion (4.2.14)

1. /he removal of surface material by impacting materials is called: a) b) c) d) 2. erosion. erosion corrosion. erosion or erosion corrosion. '0C 5imparting particle corrosion).

/he removal of a material-s protective scale by impacting materials is called: a) b) c) d) erosion. erosion6corrosion. erosion or erosion6corrosion. '07#C 5imparting particle removal of scale corrosion).

Which of the following is n#t a primary factor contributing to erosion? a) b) c) d) e) 'mpact angle 5angle that impacting particles stri4e metal) #i8e of impacting particles &elocity of impacting particles 9ensity of impacting particles Corrosiveness of the environment

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Which of the following is n#t a primary factor contributing to erosion6corrosion? a) b) c) d) 'mpact angle 5angle that impacting particles stri4e metal) /ensile strength of the metal &elocity of impacting particles Corrosiveness of the environment

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A prime location for erosion is: a) b) c) d) in catalyst piping. downstream of a gate valve. any superheated steam piping. upstream of a pump.

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API 571 Study Guide

Practice Questions
"#er$al Fati%ue (4.2.&)
1. /hermal fatigue is caused by: a) b) c) d) 2. cyclic stresses that come from temperature variations. long term operation at elevated temperatures. e1cessive thermal growth. hours of physical activity during a hot summer day.

/ime to failure by thermal fatigue is primarily affected by: a) b) c) d) magnitude of stress and operating temperature. magnitude of stress and number of cycles. carbon content in material and operating temperature. carbon content in material and number of cycles.

/hermal fatigue becomes of concern if the temperature swings e1ceed: a) )! o:. b) 1!! o:. c) 2!! o:. d) "!! o:.

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Which of the following is n#t a prime candidate for thermal fatigue? a) b) c) d) e) Co4e drums #team actuated soot blowers $i1 points of hot and cold streams *!! psig steam piping Welds ;oining materials having different coefficients of e1pansion

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Which of the following is n#t a primary initiating point for thermal fatigue? a) b) c) d) <otches 7ounded pits <o88le6to6shell welds Weld toes

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/hermal fatigue crac4s usually: a) b) c) d) initiate on the surface of the component. initiate in the subsurface of the component. grow very rapidly 5at the speed of sound in the material). are very tight and narrow.

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$any thermal fatigue crac4s are filled with: a) b) c) d) chlorides. hydroslime. o1ides. sulfides.

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Ways to prevent thermal fatigue include reducing stress concentrators by ma4ing =============== transitions at places where the wall thic4ness changes.

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Practice Questions
At$os'#ere !orrosion (4.(.2)
1. Atmospheric corrosion is of greatest concern in: a) b) c) d) 2. dry climates in rural locations. dry climates in industrial locations. wet climates in rural locations. wet climates in industrial locations.

Which of the following materials is "east affected by atmospheric corrosion? a) b) c) d) Carbon steel Chromes #tainless steels Copper alloyed with aluminum

>ist the appro1imate corrosion rates for the following conditions. a) b) c) d) 9ry rural environments 'nland locations with moderate humidity or rainfall 'ndustrial environments with airborne acids or sulfur compounds $arine environments ======== mpy ======== mpy ======== mpy ======== mpy

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Which of the following does n#t increases the li4elihood of atmospheric corrosion? a) b) c) d) e) ?ird poop 'ncreasing annual rainfalls >ocations where moisture is trapped 'ncreasing operating pressures 'ncreasing amounts of airborne contaminates

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/he best way to prevent failures by atmospheric corrosion is to: a) b) c) d) e) have an aggressive inspection program. reduce airborne particulates. install and maintain appropriate coatings. shoot all birds that cross the plant fence. build new petrochemical facilities in a dry desert.

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Atmospheric corrosion: a) b) c) d) can cause either uniform or locali8ed wall loss. always causes locali8ed wall loss. always causes uniform wall loss. is best detected using profile 7/.

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Practice Questions
)ec#anical Fati%ue (4.2.1*)
1. Which of the following materials are affected by mechanical fatigue crac4ing? a) b) c) d) 2. @nly carbon steel @nly carbon steel and chromes @nly carbon steelA and high nic4el alloys All materials

$echanical fatigue is caused by: a) b) c) d) cyclic stresses occurring over a long period of time. higher than average stresses at high temperatures. constant stresses occurring at low temperatures. cyclic operating conditions of bird poop then rainA bird poop then rainA etc.

:atigue will n#t occur in carbon steel if stresses are below the: a) b) c) d) transition limit. endurance limit. hardening limit. speed limit.

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Circle which condition contributes to mechanical fatigue a) b) c) d) e) Tem erature+ !teel Pro erties+ ,rain structure+ !urface -ondition+ Process h+ >ow /emps 9irty #teel :ine6grain <otches Bigh ph Bigh /emps Clean #teel Coarse6grain #mooth surface >ow ph <ot a factor <ot a factor <ot a factor <ot a factor <ot a factor

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Which material does n#t have an endurance limit? a) b) c) d) <on6normali8ed carbon steel <ormali8ed carbon steel #tainless steel /itanium

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/he endurance limit is usually about: a) b) c) d) e) 1!62!C of a material-s ultimate tensile strength. "!6)!C of a material-s ultimate tensile strength 1!62!C of a material-s yield strength. "!6)!C of a material-s yield strength. half way up the ladder of a 1)!- column 5tower).

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API 571 Study Guide

Practice Questions
+. 'nspecting for high6cycle fatigue can be difficult since: a) b) c) d) ,. the crac4s are e1tremely tight. predicting the location of crac4ing is difficult. once the crac4 beginsA only a few cycles are needed for the crac4 to lead to failure. often the eDuipment is vibrating ma4ing non6destructive evaluations difficult.

$echanical fatigue can cause crac4s that initiate from the surface and often form a: a) b) c) d) e) clam shell appearance. snail shell appearance. turtle shell appearance. #hell @il shell appearance. taco shell appearance.

Sul+idation (4.4.2)
1. Which of the following is n#t a ma;or factor associated with corrosion by sulfidation? a) b) c) d) 2. Alloy composition @perating pressure @perating temperature #ulfur content

#ulfidation of iron6based alloys usually begins at about: a) b) c) d) 1)! o:. 2)! o:. )!! o:. 11!! o:.

7esistance to sulfidation increases as the: a) b) c) d) chromium content in the material increases. nic4el content in the material increases. material-s tensile strength decreases. material-s tensile strength increases.

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#ulfidation is primarily caused by: a) b) c) d) e) impacting particles. sulfur compounds decomposing at higher temperatures. sulfur compounds being created in the :CCE 5Cat Crac4ing Enit). elemental sulfur collecting in stagnate areasA e.g. dead legs. operators failing to adeDuately control the ph of sulfur streams.

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#ulfidation usually creates: a) b) c) d) e) f) uniform corrosion. isolated pitting. intergranular crac4ing. transgranular crac4ing. hard and brittle 8ones. inspection nightmares.

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API 571 Study Guide

Practice Questions
Boiler ,ater !ondensate !orrosion (4.(.5)
1. Which of the following is n#t a ma;or factor associated with boiler water condensate corrosion? a) b) c) d) e) 2. @perating pressure @1ygen content Carbon dio1ide content 0rocess ph /emperature

Corrosion from o1ygen in boiler feed water usually creates: a) b) c) d) e) uniform corrosion. isolated pitting. intergranular crac4ing. transgranular crac4ing. hard and brittle 8ones.

0rotection in a boiler from boiler feed water corrosion is accomplished by: a) b) c) d) in;ecting chlorines to 4ill microbiological bugs. in;ecting caustic to lower the ph to F ".!. lowering solids content in boiler feed water to less than )! ppm. maintaining a protective corrosion layer of magnetite 5:e @").

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What treatment is used to prevent boiler feed water corrosion? a) b) c) d) @1ide scavengers are added to process @1ygen scavengers are added to process #ulfide scavengers are added to process #ulfur scavengers are added to process

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What method is most used to assure boiler feed water corrosion is n#t occurring? a) b) c) d) #pot E/ readings at turbulent areas 0rofile 7/ at turbulent areas 0rofile 7/ at stagnant areas >aboratory analysis of boiler feedwater

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API 571 Study Guide

Practice Questions
Ans-er .ey
Brittle Fracture (4.2.7)
1. 2. . ". ). *. +. ,. c c d a b a d a

)ec#anical Fati%ue (4.2.1*)

1. 2. . "a. "b. "c. "d. "e. ). *. +. ,. d a b <ot a factor 9irty steel Coarse grain <otches <ot a factor c b c a

Erosion Erosion/!orrosion (4.2.14)

1. 2. . ". ). a b e b a

Sul+idation (4.4.2)
1. 2. . ". ). b c a b a

"#er$al Fati%ue (4.2.&)

1. 2. . ". ). *. +. ,. a b c d b a c smooth

Boiler ,ater !ondensate (4.(.5)

1. 2. . ". ). a b d b d

At$os'#eric !orrosion (4.(.2)

1. 2. a. b. c. d. ". ). *. d c F 1 mpy 16 mpy )61! mpy 2! mpy d c a

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