Khao Sat Ham So

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com - Ton Hc Vit Nam

TRN S TNG
---- & ----
TI LIU N THI I HC CAO NG
Nm 2012
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
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KSHS 01: TNH N IU CA HM S
A. Kin thc c bn
Gi s hm s y = f ( x ) c tp xc nh D.
Hm s f ng bin trn D y 0, "x D v y = 0 ch xy ra ti mt s hu hn im
thuc D.
Hm s f nghch bin trn D y 0, "x D v y = 0 ch xy ra ti mt s hu hn im
thuc D.
Nu y ' = ax 2 + bx + c (a 0) th:
+ y ' 0, "x R a > 0
D 0
+ y ' 0, "x R a < 0
D 0
nh l v du ca tam thc bc hai g( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c (a 0) :

+ Nu D < 0 th g( x ) lun cng du vi a.
+ Nu D = 0 th g( x ) lun cng du vi a (tr x = -
b
)
2a
+ Nu D > 0 th g( x ) c hai nghim x1, x2 v trong khong hai nghim th g( x ) khc du

vi a, ngoi khong hai nghim th g( x ) cng du vi a.
So snh cc nghim x1, x2 ca tam thc bc hai g( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c vi s 0:
D 0
D 0
+ x1 x2 < 0 P > 0 + 0 < x1 x2 P > 0 + x1 < 0 < x2 P < 0

S < 0
S > 0
g( x ) m, "x (a; b) max g( x ) m ;

( a;b )
g( x ) m, "x (a; b) min g( x ) m

( a;b )
B. Mt s dng cu hi thng gp
1. Tm iu kin hm s y = f ( x ) n iu trn tp xc nh (hoc trn tng khong
xc nh).
Hm s f ng bin trn D y 0, "x D v y = 0 ch xy ra ti mt s hu hn im
thuc D.
Hm s f nghch bin trn D y 0, "x D v y = 0 ch xy ra ti mt s hu hn im
thuc D.
Nu y ' = ax 2 + bx + c (a 0) th:
+ y ' 0, "x R a > 0
D 0
+ y ' 0, "x R a < 0
D 0
2. Tm iu kin hm s y = f ( x ) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d n iu trn khong (a ; b ) .

Ta c: y = f ( x ) = 3ax 2 + 2bx + c .
a) Hm s f ng bin trn (a ; b ) y 0, "x (a ; b ) v y = 0 ch xy ra ti mt s hu
hn im thuc (a ; b ) .
Trng hp 1:
Nu bt phng trnh f ( x ) 0 h(m) g( x )
(*)
th f ng bin trn (a ; b ) h(m) max g( x )

(a ; b )
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
(**)
th f ng bin trn (a ; b ) h(m) min g( x )

(a ; b )
Trng hp 2: Nu bt phng trnh f ( x ) 0 khng a c v dng (*) th t t = x - a .

Khi ta c: y = g(t ) = 3at 2 + 2(3aa + b)t + 3aa 2 + 2ba + c .
a > 0
D > 0
a > 0
Hm s f ng bin trn khong (-; a) g(t ) 0, "t < 0

D 0
S > 0
P 0
a > 0
D > 0
a > 0
Hm s f ng bin trn khong (a; +) g(t ) 0, "t > 0

D 0
S < 0
P 0
b) Hm s f nghch bin trn (a ; b ) y 0, "x (a ; b ) v y = 0 ch xy ra ti mt s hu

hn im thuc (a ; b ) .
Trng hp 1:
(*)
th f nghch bin trn (a ; b ) h(m) max g( x )

(a ; b )
(**)
th f nghch bin trn (a ; b ) h(m) min g( x )

(a ; b )
Trng hp 2: Nu bt phng trnh f ( x ) 0 khng a c v dng (*) th t t = x - a .

Khi ta c: y = g(t ) = 3at 2 + 2(3aa + b)t + 3aa 2 + 2ba + c .
a < 0
Hm s f nghch bin trn khong (-; a) g(t ) 0, "t < 0 a < 0 D > 0
D 0
S > 0
P 0
a < 0
D > 0
a < 0
Hm s f nghch bin trn khong (a; +) g(t ) 0, "t > 0

D 0
S < 0
P 0
3. Tm iu kin hm s y = f ( x ) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d n iu trn khong c di

bng k cho trc.
f n iu trn khong ( x1; x2 ) y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 a 0 (1)

D > 0
Bin i x1 - x2 = d thnh ( x1 + x2 )2 - 4 x1x2 = d 2
(2)
S dng nh l Viet a (2) thnh phng trnh theo m.

Gii phng trnh, so vi iu kin (1) chn nghim.
4. Tm iu kin hm s y =
ax 2 + bx + c
(2), (a, d 0)
dx + e
a) ng bin trn (-;a ) .

b) ng bin trn (a ; +) .
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
c) ng bin trn (a ; b ) .
-e
adx 2 + 2aex + be - dc
f ( x)
=
, y' =
2
2
d
( dx + e )
( dx + e )
Tp xc nh: D = R \
Trng hp 1
Nu: f ( x ) 0 g( x ) h(m) (i)
Trng hp 2
Nu bpt: f ( x ) 0 khng a c v dng (i)
th ta t: t = x - a .
Khi bpt: f ( x ) 0 tr thnh: g(t ) 0 , vi:
g(t ) = adt 2 + 2a(da + e)t + ada 2 + 2aea + be - dc
a) (2) ng bin trn khong (-;a )

-e
d a
g( x ) h(m), "x < a

-e
d a
g(t ) 0, "t < 0 (ii)
a > 0
D > 0
a > 0
(ii)

D 0
S > 0
P 0
-e
a
d
h(m) min g( x )
( -;a ]
b) (2) ng bin trn khong (a ; +)

-e
d a
g( x ) h(m), "x > a
-e
a
d
h(m) min g( x )
[a ; + )

-e
d a
g(t ) 0, "t > 0 (iii)
a > 0
D > 0
a > 0
(iii)

D 0
S < 0
P 0
c) (2) ng bin trn khong (a ; b )

-e
d (a ; b )
g( x ) h(m), "x (a ; b )
-e
(a ; b )
d
h(m) min g( x )
[a ; b ]
5. Tm iu kin hm s y =
ax 2 + bx + c
(2), (a, d 0)
dx + e
a) Nghch bin trn (-;a ) .

b) Nghch bin trn (a ; +) .
c) Nghch bin trn (a ; b ) .
-e
adx 2 + 2aex + be - dc
f ( x)
=
, y' =
2
2
d
( dx + e )
( dx + e )
Tp xc nh: D = R \
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Trng hp 1
Nu f ( x ) 0 g( x ) h(m) (i)
Trng hp 2
Nu bpt: f ( x ) 0 khng a c v dng (i)
th ta t: t = x - a .
Khi bpt: f ( x ) 0 tr thnh: g(t ) 0 , vi:
g(t ) = adt 2 + 2a(da + e)t + ada 2 + 2aea + be - dc
a) (2) nghch bin trn khong (-;a )

-e
d a
g( x ) h(m), "x < a
-e
a
d
h(m) min g( x )
( -;a ]
b) (2) nghch bin trn khong (a ; +)

-e
d a
g( x ) h(m), "x > a
-e
a
d
h(m) min g( x )
[a ; + )

-e
d a
g(t ) 0, "t < 0 (ii)
a < 0
D > 0
a < 0
(ii)

D 0
S > 0
P 0

-e
d a
g(t ) 0, "t > 0 (iii)
a < 0
D > 0
a < 0
(iii)

D 0
S < 0
P 0
c) (2) ng bin trong khong (a ; b )

-e
d (a ; b )
g( x ) h(m), "x (a ; b )
-e
(a ; b )
d
h(m) min g( x )
[a ; b ]
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Trn S Tng
Cu 1.
Kho st hm s

1
3
Cho hm s y = (m - 1) x 3 + mx 2 + (3m - 2) x (1)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1) khi m = 2 .

2) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s (1) ng bin trn tp xc nh ca n.
Tp xc nh: D = R. y = (m - 1) x 2 + 2mx + 3m - 2 .
(1) ng bin trn R y 0, "x m 2
Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3 x 2 - mx - 4
(1)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 0 .
2) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s (1) ng bin trn khong (-;0) .
Cu 2.
Tp xc nh: D = R. y = 3 x 2 + 6 x - m . y c D = 3(m + 3) .
+ Nu m -3 th D 0 y 0, "x hm s ng bin trn R m -3 tho YCBT.
+ Nu m > -3 th D > 0 PT y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 ( x1 < x2 ) . Khi hm s
ng bin trn cc khong (-; x1 ),( x2 ; +) .
D > 0
m > -3
Do hm s ng bin trn khong (-;0) 0 x1 < x2 P 0 -m 0 (VN)

S > 0
-2 > 0
Vy: m -3 .
Cho hm s y = 2 x 3 - 3(2m + 1) x 2 + 6m(m + 1) x + 1 c th (Cm).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 0.
2) Tm m hm s ng bin trn khong (2; +)
Cu 3.
Tp xc nh: D = R. y ' = 6 x 2 - 6(2m + 1) x + 6m(m + 1) c D = (2m + 1)2 - 4(m 2 + m) = 1 > 0

x = m
y' = 0
. Hm s ng bin trn cc khong (-; m), (m + 1; +)
x = m +1
Do : hm s ng bin trn (2; +) m + 1 2 m 1
Cho hm s y = x 3 + (1 - 2m) x 2 + (2 - m) x + m + 2 .
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s khi m = 1.
2) Tm m hm ng bin trn khong K = (0; +) .
Cu 4.
Hm ng bin trn (0; +) y = 3 x 2 + 2(1 - 2m) x + (2 - m) 0 vi "x (0; +)

f ( x) =
3x 2 + 2 x + 2
m vi "x (0; +)
4x + 1
1
6(2 x 2 + x - 1)
Ta c: f ( x ) =
= 0 2 x 2 + x - 1 = 0 x = -1; x =
2
2
(4 x + 1)
Lp BBT ca hm f ( x ) trn (0; +) , t ta i n kt lun: f m m .

4
2
Cu hi tng t:
1
3
1
b) y = (m + 1) x 3 - (2m - 1) x 2 + 3(2m - 1) x + 1 (m -1) , K = (1; +) .
3
1
c) y = (m + 1) x 3 - (2m - 1) x 2 + 3(2m - 1) x + 1 (m -1) , K = (-1;1) .
3
a) y = (m + 1) x 3 - (2m - 1) x 2 + 3(2m - 1) x + 1 (m -1) , K = (-; -1) .
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S: m
4
11
S: m 0
S: m
1
2
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Kho st hm s
Cu 5.
Trn S Tng
1
3
Cho hm s y = (m 2 - 1) x 3 + (m - 1) x 2 - 2 x + 1 (1) (m 1) .

2) Tm m hm nghch bin trn khong K = (-;2) .
Tp xc nh: D = R; y = (m2 - 1) x 2 + 2(m - 1) x - 2 .

t t = x 2 ta c: y = g(t ) = (m 2 - 1)t 2 + (4m 2 + 2m - 6)t + 4m 2 + 4m - 10
Hm s (1) nghch bin trong khong (-;2) g(t ) 0, "t < 0
2
TH1: a < 0 m 2- 1 < 0

D 0
Vy: Vi
Cu 6.
3m - 2m - 1 0
m2 - 1 < 0
a < 0
2
D > 0
3m - 2m - 1 > 0
TH2:
4m2 + 4m - 10 0
S > 0
-2m - 3
P 0
>0
m + 1
-1
m < 1 th hm s (1) nghch bin trong khong (-;2) .
3
1
3
Cho hm s y = (m 2 - 1) x 3 + (m - 1) x 2 - 2 x + 1 (1) (m 1) .

2) Tm m hm nghch bin trn khong K = (2; +) .
Tp xc nh: D = R; y = (m2 - 1) x 2 + 2(m - 1) x - 2 .

t t = x 2 ta c: y = g(t ) = (m 2 - 1)t 2 + (4m 2 + 2m - 6)t + 4m 2 + 4m - 10
Hm s (1) nghch bin trong khong (2; +) g(t ) 0, "t > 0
m2 - 1 < 0
a < 0
2
D > 0
m 2 - 1 < 0
3m - 2m - 1 > 0
a < 0
TH1:
2
TH2:
4m2 + 4m - 10 0
D 0
3m - 2m - 1 0
S < 0
-2m - 3
P 0
<0
m + 1
Vy: Vi -1 < m < 1 th hm s (1) nghch bin trong khong (2; +)
Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx + m (1), (m l tham s).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 3.
2) Tm m hm s (1) nghch bin trn on c di bng 1.
Cu 7.
Ta c y ' = 3 x 2 + 6 x + m c D = 9 - 3m .
+ Nu m 3 th y 0, "x R hm s ng bin trn R m 3 khng tho mn.
+ Nu m < 3 th y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 ( x1 < x2 ) . Hm s nghch bin trn on
m
x1; x2 vi di l = x1 - x2 . Ta c: x1 + x2 = -2; x1x2 = .
3
YCBT l = 1 x1 - x2 = 1 ( x1 + x2 )2 - 4 x1x2 = 1 m =
9
.
4
Cho hm s y = -2 x 3 + 3mx 2 - 1 (1).

2) Tm cc gi tr ca m hm s (1) ng bin trong khong ( x1; x2 ) vi x2 - x1 = 1 .
Cu 8.
y ' = -6 x 2 + 6mx , y ' = 0 x = 0 x = m .

+ Nu m = 0 y 0, "x hm s nghch bin trn m = 0 khng tho YCBT.
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
+ Nu m 0 , y 0, "x (0; m) khi m > 0 hoc y 0, "x (m; 0) khi m < 0 .

Vy hm s ng bin trong khong ( x1; x2 ) vi x2 - x1 = 1
( x ; x ) = (0; m)
1 2
v x2 - x1 = 1 m - 0 = 1 m = 1 .
0 - m = 1
( x1; x2 ) = (m;0)
Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2mx 2 - 3m + 1 (1), (m l tham s).

2) Tm m hm s (1) ng bin trn khong (1; 2).
Cu 9.
Ta c y ' = 4 x 3 - 4mx = 4 x( x 2 - m)
+ m 0 , y 0, "x (0; +) m 0 tho mn.
+ m > 0 , y = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit: - m , 0,
m.
Vy m ( -;1 .
Hm s (1) ng bin trn (1; 2) m 1 0 < m 1 .
Cu hi tng t:
S: m 2 .
a) Vi y = x 4 - 2(m - 1) x 2 + m - 2 ; y ng bin trn khong (1;3) .
Cu 10. Cho hm s y =
mx + 4
x+m
(1)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = -1 .

2) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s (1) nghch bin trn khong (-;1) .
Tp xc nh: D = R \ {m}.
y =
m2 - 4
( x + m)2
(1)
Hm s nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh y < 0 -2 < m < 2
hm s (1) nghch bin trn khong (-;1) th ta phi c - m 1 m -1 (2)
Kt hp (1) v (2) ta c: -2 < m -1 .
Cu 11. Cho hm s y =
2 x 2 - 3x + m
(2).
x -1
Tm m hm s (2) ng bin trn khong (-; -1) .
Tp xc nh: D = R \ {1} . y ' =
2x2 - 4x + 3 - m
2
( x - 1)
f (x)
( x - 1)2
Ta c: f ( x ) 0 m 2 x 2 - 4 x + 3 . t g( x ) = 2 x 2 - 4 x + 3 g '( x ) = 4 x - 4
Hm s (2) ng bin trn (-; -1) y ' 0, "x (-; -1) m min g( x )
( -;-1]
Da vo BBT ca hm s g( x ), "x (-; -1] ta suy ra m 9 .

Vy m 9 th hm s (2) ng bin trn (-; -1)
Cu 12. Cho hm s y =
2 x 2 - 3x + m
(2).
x -1
Tm m hm s (2) ng bin trn khong (2; +) .
Tp xc nh: D = R \ {1} . y ' =
2x2 - 4x + 3 - m
2
( x - 1)
f (x)
( x - 1)2
Hm s (2) ng bin trn (2; +) y ' 0, "x (2; +) m min g( x )
[2; + )
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng

Vy m 3 th hm s (2) ng bin trn (2; +) .
Cu 13. Cho hm s y =
2 x 2 - 3x + m
(2).
x -1
Tm m hm s (2) ng bin trn khong (1;2) .
Tp xc nh: D = R \ {1} . y ' =
2x2 - 4x + 3 - m
2
( x - 1)
f (x)
( x - 1)2
Hm s (2) ng bin trn (1;2) y ' 0, "x (1;2) m min g( x )
[1;2]

Vy m 1 th hm s (2) ng bin trn (1;2) .
Cu 14. Cho hm s y =
x 2 - 2mx + 3m2
(2).
2m - x
Tm m hm s (2) nghch bin trn khong (-;1) .
Tp xc nh: D = R \ { 2m} . y ' =
- x 2 + 4mx - m 2
2
( x - 2m)
f (x)
( x - 2m)2
. t t = x - 1 .
Khi bpt: f ( x ) 0 tr thnh: g(t ) = -t 2 - 2(1 - 2m)t - m2 + 4m - 1 0

Hm s (2) nghch bin trn (-;1) y ' 0, "x (-;1) 2m > 1
g(t ) 0, "t < 0 (i)
m = 0
D ' = 0
m 0
D ' > 0
m = 0
(i)

4m - 2 > 0
S > 0
m 2 + 3
m2 - 4m + 1 0
P 0
Vy: Vi m 2 + 3 th hm s (2) nghch bin trn (-;1) .

Cu 15. Cho hm s y =
x 2 - 2mx + 3m2
(2).
2m - x
Tm m hm s (2) nghch bin trn khong (1; +) .
Tp xc nh: D = R \ { 2m} . y ' =
- x 2 + 4mx - m 2
( x - 2m)2
f (x)
( x - 2m)2
. t t = x - 1 .
Khi bpt: f ( x ) 0 tr thnh: g(t ) = -t 2 - 2(1 - 2m)t - m2 + 4m - 1 0

Hm s (2) nghch bin trn (1; +) y ' 0, "x (1; +) 2m < 1
g(t ) 0, "t > 0 (ii )
m = 0
D ' = 0
m 0
D ' > 0
(ii)
m 2- 3

4m - 2 < 0
S < 0
m2 - 4m + 1 0
P 0
Vy: Vi m 2 - 3 th hm s (2) nghch bin trn (1; +)
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
KSHS 02: CC TR CA HM S
Dng 1: Cc tr ca hm s bc 3: y = f ( x ) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d
A. Kin thc c bn
Hm s c cc i, cc tiu phng trnh y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit.
Honh x1, x2 ca cc im cc tr l cc nghim ca phng trnh y = 0 .
vit phng trnh ng thng i qua cc im cc i, cc tiu, ta c th s dng
phng php tch o hm.
Phn tch y = f ( x ).q( x ) + h( x ) .
Suy ra y1 = h( x1 ), y2 = h( x2 ) .
Do phng trnh ng thng i qua cc im cc i, cc tiu l: y = h( x ) .
Gi a l gc gia hai ng thng d1 : y = k1x + b1, d2 : y = k2 x + b2 th tan a =
k1 - k2
1 + k1k2
Gi k l h s gc ca ng thng i qua cc im cc i, cc tiu.
1. Tm iu kin ng thng i qua cc im cc i, cc tiu song song (vung
gc) vi ng thng d : y = px + q .
Tm iu kin hm s c cc i, cc tiu.
Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua cc im cc i, cc tiu.
1
p
Gii iu kin: k = p (hoc k = - ).

2. Tm iu kin ng thng i qua cc im cc i, cc tiu to vi ng thng
d : y = px + q mt gc a .
Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua cc im cc i, cc tiu.
Gii iu kin:
k-p
= tan a . (c bit nu d Ox, th gii iu kin: k = tan a )
1 + kp
3. Tm iu kin ng thng i qua cc im cc i, cc tiu ct hai trc Ox, Oy

ti hai im A, B sao cho DIAB c din tch S cho trc (vi I l im cho trc).
Vit phng trnh ng thng D i qua cc im cc i, cc tiu.
Tm giao im A, B ca D vi cc trc Ox, Oy.
Gii iu kin SDIAB = S .
4. Tm iu kin th hm s c hai im cc tr A, B sao cho DIAB c din tch S
cho trc (vi I l im cho trc).
Gii iu kin SDIAB = S .
5. Tm iu kin th hm s c hai im cc tr A, B i xng qua ng thng d
cho trc.
Gi I l trung im ca AB.
Gii iu kin: D ^ d .
I d
5. Tm iu kin th hm s c hai im cc tr A, B cch u ng thng d cho

trc.
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Gii iu kin: d ( A, d ) = d (B, d ) .

6. Tm iu kin th hm s c hai im cc tr A, B v khong cch gia hai
im A, B l ln nht (nh nht).
Tm to cc im cc tr A, B (c th dng phng trnh ng thng qua hai im
cc tr).
Tnh AB. Dng phng php hm s tm GTLN (GTNN) ca AB.
7. Tm iu kin hm s c cc i, cc tiu v honh cc im cc tr tho h
thc cho trc.
Phn tch h thc p dng nh l Vi-et.
8. Tm iu kin hm s c cc tr trn khong K1 = (-;a ) hoc K2 = (a ; +) .
y ' = f ( x ) = 3ax 2 + 2bx + c .
t t = x - a . Khi : y ' = g(t ) = 3at 2 + 2(3aa + b)t + 3aa 2 + 2ba + c

Hm s c cc tr thuc K1 = (-;a )
Hm s c cc tr trn khong (-;a )
f ( x ) = 0 c nghim trn (-;a ) .
g(t ) = 0 c nghim t < 0
Hm s c cc tr thuc K2 = (a ; +)
Hm s c cc tr trn khong (a ; +)
f ( x ) = 0 c nghim trn (a ; +) .
g(t ) = 0 c nghim t > 0
P < 0
D ' 0

S < 0
P 0
P < 0
D ' 0

S > 0
P 0
9. Tm iu kin hm s c hai cc tr x1, x2 tho:

a) x1 < a < x2
b) x1 < x2 < a
c) a < x1 < x2
y ' = f ( x ) = 3ax 2 + 2bx + c .
t t = x - a . Khi : y ' = g(t ) = 3at 2 + 2(3aa + b)t + 3aa 2 + 2ba + c

a) Hm s c hai cc tr x1, x2 tho x1 < a < x2
g(t ) = 0 c hai nghim t1, t2 tho t1 < 0 < t2 P < 0
b) Hm s c hai cc tr x1, x2 tho x1 < x2 < a
D ' > 0
g(t ) = 0 c hai nghim t1, t2 tho t1 < t2 < 0 S < 0

P > 0
c) Hm s c hai cc tr x1, x2 tho a < x1 < x2

D ' > 0
g(t ) = 0 c hai nghim t1, t2 tho 0 < t1 < t2 S > 0

P > 0
Trang 10
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
Cho hm s y = - x 3 + 3mx 2 + 3(1 - m 2 ) x + m3 - m2 (1)

2) Vit phng trnh ng thng qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s (1).
Cu 1.
y = -3x 2 + 6mx + 3(1 - m2 ) .

PT y = 0 c D = 1 > 0, "m th hm s (1) lun c 2 im cc tr ( x1; y1 ), ( x2 ; y2 ) .
Chia y cho y ta c:
Khi :
1
m
y = x - y + 2 x - m 2 + m
3
3
y1 = 2 x1 - m2 + m ; y2 = 2 x2 - m2 + m
PT ng thng qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s (1) l y = 2 x - m2 + m .

Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx + m - 2 (m l tham s) c th l (Cm).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s khi m = 3.
2) Xc nh m (Cm) c cc im cc i v cc tiu nm v hai pha i vi trc honh.
PT honh giao im ca (C) v trc honh:
Cu 2.
x = -1
(1)
2
(2)
g( x ) = x + 2 x + m - 2 = 0
(Cm) c 2 im cc tr nm v 2 pha i vi trc Ox PT (1) c 3 nghim phn bit

(2) c 2 nghim phn bit khc 1 D = 3 - m > 0
m<3
g(-1) = m - 3 0
x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx + m - 2 = 0
Cho hm s y = - x 3 + (2m + 1) x 2 - (m2 - 3m + 2) x - 4 (m l tham s) c th l (Cm).

2) Xc nh m (Cm) c cc im cc i v cc tiu nm v hai pha ca trc tung.
Cu 3.
y = -3 x 2 + 2(2m + 1) x - (m 2 - 3m + 2) .
(Cm) c cc im C v CT nm v hai pha ca trc tung PT y = 0 c 2 nghim tri
du 3(m2 - 3m + 2) < 0 1 < m < 2 .
Cu 4.
1
3
Cho hm s y = x 3 - mx 2 + (2m - 1) x - 3 (m l tham s) c th l (Cm).

2) Xc nh m (Cm) c cc im cc i, cc tiu nm v cng mt pha i vi trc tung.
TX: D = R ; y = x 2 - 2mx + 2m - 1 .
th (Cm) c 2 im C, CT nm cng pha i vi trc tung y = 0 c 2 nghim phn
2

bit cng du D = m - 2m + 1 > 0
2 m - 1 > 0
m 1
1.
m > 2
Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 - mx + 2 (m l tham s) c th l (Cm).

2) Xc nh m (Cm) c cc im cc i v cc tiu cch u ng thng y = x - 1 .
Cu 5.
Ta c: y ' = 3 x 2 - 6 x - m .
Hm s c C, CT y ' = 3 x 2 - 6 x - m = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit x1; x2
D ' = 9 + 3m > 0 m > -3 (*)
Trang 11
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Gi hai im cc tr l A ( x1; y1 ) ; B ( x2 ; y2 )
1
2m
Thc hin php chia y cho y ta c: y = x - y '+

- 2 x + 2 +
3
3
3
3
2m
2m
m
m
y1 = y( x1 ) =
- 2 x1 + 2 + ; y2 = y( x2 ) =
- 2 x2 + 2 +
3
3
3
2m
m
Phng trnh ng thng i qua 2 im cc tr l D: y =
- 2 x + 2 +
3
3
Cc im cc tr cch u ng thng y = x - 1 xy ra 1 trong 2 trng hp:
TH1: ng thng i qua 2 im cc tr song song hoc trng vi ng thng y = x - 1
2m
9
- 2 = 1 m = (khng tha (*))
3
2
TH2: Trung im I ca AB nm trn ng thng y = x - 1

y1 + y2 x1 + x2
2m
m
=
-1
- 2 ( x1 + x2 ) + 2 2 + = ( x1 + x2 ) - 2
2
2
3
3
2m
- 2 .2 + 2 2 + = 0 m = 0
3
3
yI = x I - 1
Vy cc gi tr cn tm ca m l: m = 0 .
Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 4m3 (m l tham s) c th l (Cm).
2) Xc nh m (Cm) c cc im cc i v cc tiu i xng nhau qua ng thng y = x.
Cu 6.
Ta c: y = 3 x 2 - 6mx ; y = 0 x = 0 . hm s c cc i v cc tiu th m 0.
x = 2m
uuur
th hm s c hai im cc tr l: A(0; 4m3), B(2m; 0) AB = (2m; -4m3 )

Trung im ca on AB l I(m; 2m3)
3
A, B i xng nhau qua ng thng d: y = x AB ^ d 2m3- 4m = 0 m =

I d
2m = m
Cho hm s y = - x 3 + 3mx 2 - 3m - 1 .
2) Vi gi tr no ca m th th hm s c im cc i v im cc tiu i xng vi
nhau qua ng thng d: x + 8y - 74 = 0 .
Cu 7.
y = -3 x 2 + 6mx ; y = 0 x = 0 x = 2m .
Hm s c C, CT PT y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit m 0 .
uuur
Khi 2 im cc tr l: A(0; -3m - 1), B(2m;4m3 - 3m - 1) AB(2m;4m3 )

Trung im I ca AB c to : I (m;2m3 - 3m - 1)
r
ng thng d: x + 8y - 74 = 0 c mt VTCP u = (8; -1) .
A v B i xng vi nhau qua d I d
AB ^ d
+ 8(2m3 - 3m - 1) - 74 = 0
uuur r
m
m=2
AB.u = 0
Cu hi tng t:
1
2
5
2
a) y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + m2 x + m, d : y = x - .
Cu 8.
Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + mx
S: m = 0 .
(1).
Trang 12
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s

2) Vi gi tr no ca m th th hm s (1) c cc im cc i v im cc tiu i xng
vi nhau qua ng thng d: x - 2 y - 5 = 0 .
Ta c y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + mx y ' = 3 x 2 - 6 x + m
Hm s c cc i, cc tiu y = 0 c hai nghim phn bit D = 9 - 3m > 0 m < 3
1
Ta c: y = x - y + m - 2 x + m
3
3
3
3
ng thng D i qua cc im cc tr c phng trnh y = m - 2 x + m

3
3
2
3
1
5
1
d: x - 2 y - 5 = 0 y = x - d c h s gc k2 =
2
2
2
nn D c h s gc k1 = m - 2 .
hai im cc tr i xng qua d th ta phi c d ^ D

12
k1k2 = -1 m - 2 = -1 m = 0
23
Vi m = 0 th th c hai im cc tr l (0; 0) v (2; 4), nn trung im ca chng l

I(1; 2). Ta thy I d, do hai im cc tr i xng vi nhau qua d.
Vy: m = 0
Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3(m + 1) x 2 + 9 x + m - 2 (1) c th l (Cm).
2) Vi gi tr no ca m th th hm s c im cc i v im cc tiu i xng vi
Cu 9.
1
2
nhau qua ng thng d: y = x .
y ' = 3 x 2 - 6(m + 1) x + 9
Hm s c C, CT D ' = 9(m + 1)2 - 3.9 > 0 m (-; -1 - 3) (-1 + 3; +)
1
3
Ta c y = x -
m +1
2
y - 2(m + 2m - 2) x + 4m + 1
3
Gi s cc im cc i v cc tiu l A( x1; y1 ), B( x2 ; y2 ) , I l trung im ca AB.

y1 = -2(m 2 + 2m - 2) x1 + 4m + 1 ; y2 = -2(m 2 + 2m - 2) x2 + 4m + 1
x + x = 2(m + 1)
v: 1 2
x1.x2 = 3
Vy ng thng i qua hai im cc i v cc tiu l y = -2(m 2 + 2m - 2) x + 4m + 1

1
A, B i xng qua (d): y = x AB ^ d m = 1 .

2
I d
Cu 10. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3(m + 1) x 2 + 9 x - m , vi m l tham s thc.

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho ng vi m = 1 .
2) Xc nh m hm s cho t cc tr ti x1, x2 sao cho x1 - x2 2 .
Ta c y ' = 3 x 2 - 6(m + 1) x + 9.
+ Hm s t cc i, cc tiu ti x1, x2 PT y ' = 0 c hai nghim phn bit x1, x2
PT x 2 - 2(m + 1) x + 3 = 0 c hai nghim phn bit l x1 , x2 .
Trang 13
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
m > -1 + 3
(1)
D ' = (m + 1)2 - 3 > 0
m < -1 - 3
+ Theo nh l Viet ta c x1 + x2 = 2(m + 1); x1x2 = 3. Khi :
2
x1 - x2 2 ( x1 + x2 ) - 4 x1x2 4 4 ( m + 1) - 12 4 (m + 1)2 4 -3 m 1 (2)
+ T (1) v (2) suy ra gi tr ca m cn tm l -3 m < -1 - 3 v -1 + 3 < m 1.

Cu 11. Cho hm s y = x 3 + (1 - 2m) x 2 + (2 - m) x + m + 2 , vi m l tham s thc.
1
2) Xc nh m hm s cho t cc tr ti x1, x2 sao cho x1 - x2 > .
3
Ta c: y ' = 3 x 2 + 2(1 - 2m) x + (2 - m)
Hm s c C, CT y ' = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 (gi s x1 < x2 )
5
D ' = (1 - 2m)2 - 3(2 - m) = 4m 2 - m - 5 > 0 m > 4
(*)
m
<
1
2(1 - 2m)
2-m
; x1x2 =
Hm s t cc tr ti cc im x1, x2 . Khi ta c: x1 + x2 = 3
3
2
2
1
1
x1 - x2 > ( x1 - x2 ) = ( x1 + x2 ) - 4 x1x2 >
3
9
3 + 29
3 - 29
4(1 - 2m)2 - 4(2 - m) > 1 16m 2 - 12m - 5 > 0 m >
m<
8
8
3 + 29
Kt hp (*), ta suy ra m >
m < -1
8
1
Cu 12. Cho hm s y = x 3 - mx 2 + mx - 1 , vi m l tham s thc.
3

2) Xc nh m hm s cho t cc tr ti x1, x2 sao cho x1 - x2 8 .
Ta c: y ' = x 2 - 2mx + m .
Hm s c C, CT y ' = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 (gi s x1 < x2 )
D = m 2 - m > 0 m < 0 (*). Khi : x1 + x2 = 2m, x1x2 = m .

m > 1
1 - 65
m
2
2
2
x1 - x2 8 ( x1 - x2 ) 64 m - m - 16 0
(tho (*))
1 + 65
m
2
1
1
Cu 13. Cho hm s y = x 3 - (m - 1) x 2 + 3(m - 2) x + , vi m l tham s thc.
3
3
2) Xc nh m hm s cho t cc tr ti x1, x2 sao cho x1 + 2 x2 = 1 .
Ta c: y = x 2 - 2(m - 1) x + 3(m - 2)
Hm s c cc i v cc tiu y = 0 c hai nghim phn bit x1, x2
D > 0 m 2 - 5m + 7 > 0 (lun ng vi "m)

Trang 14
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Trn S Tng

x + x = 2(m - 1)
Khi ta c: 1 2
x1x2 = 3(m - 2)
8m 2 + 16m - 9 = 0 m =
Kho st hm s
x = 3 - 2m
2
x2 (1 - 2 x2 ) = 3(m - 2)
-4 34
.
4
Cu 14. Cho hm s y = 4 x 3 + mx 2 - 3 x .

2) Tm m hm s c hai im cc tr x1, x2 tha x1 = -4 x2 .
y = 12 x 2 + 2mx - 3 . Ta c: D = m2 + 36 > 0, "m hm s lun c 2 cc tr x1, x2 .

m
6
Khi : x1 = -4 x2 ; x1 + x2 = - ; x1x2 =
Cu hi tng t:
a) y = x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx + 1 ;
1
4
m=
9
2
S: m = -105 .
x1 + 2x2 = 3
1
Cu 15. Cho hm s y = x 3 - ax 2 - 3ax + 4 (1) (a l tham s).
3
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi a = 1.

2) Tm a hm s (1) t cc tr ti x1 , x2 phn bit v tho mn iu kin:
x12 + 2ax2 + 9a
a2
a2
x22 + 2ax1 + 9a
=2
(2)
y = x 2 - 2ax - 3a . Hm s c C, CT y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2

a < -3
D = 4a2 + 12a > 0
a > 0
(*). Khi x1 + x2 = 2a , x1x2 = -3a .
Ta c: x12 + 2ax2 + 9a = 2a ( x1 + x2 ) + 12a = 4a2 + 12a > 0

Tng t: x22 + 2ax1 + 9a = 4a2 + 12a > 0
Do : (2)
4a2 + 12a
a2
a2
4a2 + 12a
=2
4a2 + 12a
a2
= 1 3a ( a + 4 ) = 0 a = -4
Cu 16. Cho hm s y = 2 x 3 + 9mx 2 + 12m 2 x + 1 (m l tham s).

2) Tm cc gi tr ca m hm s c cc i ti xC, cc tiu ti xCT tha mn: x 2C = xCT .
Ta c: y = 6 x 2 + 18mx + 12m2 = 6( x 2 + 3mx + 2m 2 )

Hm s c C v CT y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 D = m 2 > 0 m 0
1
( -3m - m ) , x2 = 1 ( -3m + m ) .
2
2
Da vo bng xt du y, suy ra xC = x1, xCT = x2
Khi : x1 =
Do :
x 2C
= xCT
-3m - m
-3m + m
m = -2 .
=
2
2
Cu 17. Cho hm s y = (m + 2) x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx - 5 , m l tham s.

Trang 15
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
2) Tm cc gi tr ca m cc im cc i, cc tiu ca th hm s cho c honh

l cc s dng.
Cc im cc i, cc tiu ca th hm s cho c honh l cc s dng
PT y ' = 3(m + 2) x 2 + 6 x + m = 0 c 2 nghim dng phn bit
a = (m + 2) 0
D ' = 9 - 3m(m + 2) > 0
D ' = - m 2 - 2m + 3 > 0
-3 < m < 1
P =
m < 0
m < 0
-3 < m < -2
>0
3(m + 2)
m + 2 < 0
m < -2
-3
S = m + 2 > 0
1
1
Cu 18. Cho hm s y = x 3 - mx 2 + (m 2 - 3) x
3
2
(1), m l tham s.

2) Tm cc gi tr ca m hm s (1) c cc im cc tr x1, x2 vi x1 > 0, x2 > 0 v
x12 + x22 =
5
.
2
y = x 2 - mx + m 2 - 3 ; y = 0 x 2 - mx + m2 - 3 = 0
(2)
D > 0
P > 0
3<m<2
14
YCBT S > 0
14 m = 2 .
2
m =
5
2
2
x1 + x2 =
2
Cu 19. Cho hm s y = x 3 + (1 - 2m) x 2 + (2 - m) x + m + 2 (m l tham s) (1).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (1) khi m = 2.

2) Tm cc gi tr ca m th hm s (1) c im cc i, im cc tiu, ng thi
honh ca im cc tiu nh hn 1.
y = 3 x 2 + 2(1 - 2m) x + 2 - m = g( x )
YCBT phng trnh y = 0 c hai nghim phn bit x1, x2 tha mn: x1 < x2 < 1 .
D = 4m2 - m - 5 > 0
5
7
g(1) = -5m + 7 > 0 < m < .
4
5
S = 2m - 1 < 1
2
3
Cu 20. Cho hm s y =
m 3
x + (m - 2) x 2 + (m - 1) x + 2
3
(Cm).

2) Tm m hm s c cc i ti x1, cc tiu ti x2 tha mn x1 < x2 < 1 .
Ta c: y = mx 2 + 2(m - 2) x + m - 1 ; y = 0 mx 2 + 2(m - 2) x + m - 1 = 0 (1)
Hm s c C ,CT tha mn x1 < x2 < 1 khi m > 0 v (1) c 2 nghim phn bit b hn 1
t t = x - 1 x = t + 1 , thay vo (1) ta c:
m(t + 1)2 + 2(m - 2)(t + 1) + m - 1 = 0 mt 2 + 4(m - 1)t + 4m - 5 = 0
(1) c 2 nghim phn bit b hn 1 (2) c 2 nghim m phn bit
Trang 16
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
m > 0
D > 0
5
4
<m< .
4
3
P > 0
S < 0
Cu 21. Cho hm s y = x3 + (1 - 2m) x 2 + (2 - m) x + m + 2
(Cm).
2) Tm m hm s c t nht 1 im cc tr c honh thuc khong (-2; 0) .
Ta c: y = 3 x 2 + 2(1 - 2m) x + 2 - m ; y = 0 3 x 2 + 2(1 - 2m) x + 2 - m = 0

(*)
Hm s c t nht 1 cc tr thuc (-2; 0) (*) c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 v c t nht 1
-2 < x1 < x2 < 0
nghim thuc (-2; 0) -2 < x1 < 0 x2
x1 -2 < x2 < 0
(1)
(2)
(3)
Ta c:
4m 2 - m - 5 > 0
D ' = 4 m 2 - m - 5 > 0
-2 < 2m - 1 < 0
+
x
x
3
10
-2 < 1 2 < 0
(1)
- < m < -1
4(2m - 1) 2 - m
2
7
+
>0
( x + 2 )( x + 2 ) > 0
4 +
3
2
1
2 - m 3
x1x2 > 0
>0
3
4m 2 - m - 5 > 0
D ' = 4 m 2 - m - 5 > 0
m 2
=
f
m
0
2
0
(
)
2m - 1
(2)
m2
> -2
+
2
+
+
2
>
0
x
x
(
)
(
)
2
1
3
2 - m 4 ( 2m - 1)
( x1 + 2 )( x2 + 2 ) > 0
+4>0
3 +
3
4m 2 - m - 5 > 0
D ' = 4 m 2 - m - 5 > 0
3m + 5 0
5
f ( -2 ) = 10 + 6m 0
(3)
2m - 1 < 0
- m < -1
3
x1 + x2 < 0
3
x1x2 > 0
2 - m
3 > 0
5
Tm li cc gi tr m cn tm l: m - ; -1 2; + )
3
Cu 22. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 2
(1)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1).
2) Tm im M thuc ng thng d: y = 3 x - 2 sao tng khong cch t M ti hai im cc
tr nh nht.
Cc im cc tr l: A(0; 2), B(2; 2).
Xt biu thc g( x, y ) = 3 x - y - 2 ta c:
g( x A , y A ) = 3 x A - y A - 2 = -4 < 0; g( xB , yB ) = 3 xB - yB - 2 = 6 > 0
2 im cc i v cc tiu nm v hai pha ca ng thng d: y = 3 x - 2 .

Do MA + MB nh nht 3 im A, M, B thng hng M l giao im ca d v AB.
Phng trnh ng thng AB: y = -2 x + 2
4 2
4
2
Ta im M l nghim ca h: y = 3 x - 2 x = ; y = M ;
5
5
y = -2 x + 2
5 5
Trang 17
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Kho st hm s
Cu 23. Cho hm s
Trn S Tng

y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 3(m 2 - 1) x - m3 + m (1)

2) Tm m hm s (1) c cc tr ng thi khong cch t im cc i ca th hm s
n gc ta O bng 2 ln khong cch t im cc tiu ca th hm s n gc ta
O.
Ta c y = 3 x 2 - 6mx + 3(m2 - 1) . Hm s (1) c cc tr PT y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit

x 2 - 2mx + m2 - 1 = 0 c 2 nhim phn bit D = 1 > 0, "m
Khi : im cc i A(m - 1;2 - 2m) v im cc tiu B(m + 1; -2 - 2m)
Ta c OA = 2OB m 2 + 6m + 1 = 0 m = -3 + 2 2 .
m = -3 - 2 2
Cu 24. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 - mx + 2 c th l (Cm).

2) Tm m (Cm) c cc im cc i, cc tiu v ng thng i qua cc im cc tr song
song vi ng thng d: y = -4 x + 3 .
Ta c: y ' = 3 x 2 - 6 x - m . Hm s c C, CT y ' = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2
D ' = 9 + 3m > 0 m > -3 (*)
1
2m
Thc hin php chia y cho y ta c: y = x - y '-

+ 2 x + 2 -
3
3
3
3
2m
2m
m
m
y1 = y ( x1 ) = -
+ 2 x1 + 2 - ; y2 = y ( x2 ) = -
+ 2 x2 + 2 -
3
3
3
2m
m
Phng trnh ng thng i qua 2 im cc tr l D: y = -
+ 2 x + 2 -
3
3
2m
+ 2 = -4
-
3
D // d: y = -4 x + 3
m = 3 (tha mn (*))
m
2 - 3
Cu hi tng t:
1
3
a) y = x 3 - mx 2 + (5m - 4) x + 2 , d : 8 x + 3y + 9 = 0
S: m = 0; m = 5 .
Cu 25. Cho hm s y = x 3 + mx 2 + 7 x + 3 c th l (Cm).

2) Tm m (Cm) c cc im cc i, cc tiu v ng thng i qua cc im cc tr
vung gc vi ng thng d: y = 3 x - 7 .
Ta c: y ' = 3 x 2 + 2mx + 7 . Hm s c C, CT y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 .
D ' = m 2 - 21 > 0 m > 21 (*)
7m
Thc hin php chia y cho y ta c: y = x + y '+ (21 - m 2 ) x + 3

9
9
9
3
2
7m
2
7m
2
y1 = y( x1 ) = (21 - m2 ) x1 + 3 ; y2 = y( x2 ) = (21 - m ) x2 + 3
9
9
9
9
Trang 18
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
2
7m
Phng trnh ng thng i qua 2 im cc tr l D: y = (21 - m 2 ) x + 3 9
9
m > 21
3 10
D ^ d: y = -4 x + 3 2
m=
.
2
2
9 (21 - m ).3 = -1
Cu 26. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 - mx + 2 c th l (Cm).

2) Tm m (Cm) c cc im cc i, cc tiu v ng thng i qua cc im cc tr to
vi ng thng d: x + 4 y - 5 = 0 mt gc a = 450 .
Ta c: y ' = 3 x 2 - 6 x - m . Hm s c C, CT y ' = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit x1; x2
D ' = 9 + 3m > 0 m > -3 (*)
1
2m
Thc hin php chia y cho y ta c: y = x - y '-

+ 2 x + 2 -
3
3
3
3
2m
2m
m
m
y1 = y ( x1 ) = -
+ 2 x1 + 2 - ; y2 = y ( x2 ) = -
+ 2 x2 + 2 -
3
3
3
2m
m
Phng trnh ng thng i qua 2 im cc tr l D: y = -
+ 2 x + 2 -
3
3
2m
1
+ 2 . ng thng d: x + 4 y - 5 = 0 c h s gc bng - .
4
3
t k = -
3
39
1
1
k=
k + = 1- k
m=
4
5
10
4
4
Ta c: tan 45o =
1
1
5
1
k = m = - 1
k + = -1 + k
1- k
4
4
3
2
4
1
Kt hp iu kin (*), suy ra gi tr m cn tm l: m = - .
2
k+
Cu hi tng t:
a) y = x 3 - 3(m - 1) x 2 + (2m2 - 3m + 2) x - m(m - 1) , d : y =
-1
3 15
x + 5 , a = 450 . S: m =
4
2
Cu 27. Cho hm s y = x3 - 3 x 2 + 2
(C).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s .
2) Tm m ng thng i qua hai im cc tr ca (C) tip xc vi ng trn (S) c
phng trnh ( x - m)2 + ( y - m - 1)2 = 5 .
Phng trnh ng thng D i qua hai im cc tr 2 x + y - 2 = 0 .

(S) c tm I (m, m + 1) v bn knh R= 5 .
D tip xc vi (S)
2m + m + 1 - 2
5
Cu 28. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3mx + 2
= 5 3m - 1 = 5 m = 2; m =
-4
.
3
(Cm ) .
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 1 .

2) Tm m ng thng i qua im cc i, cc tiu ca ( Cm ) ct ng trn tm I(1;1) ,
bn knh bng 1 ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho din tch DIAB t gi tr ln nht .
Trang 19
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Ta c y ' = 3 x 2 - 3m . Hm s c C, CT PT y ' = 0 c hai nghim phn bit m > 0

1
3
V y = x.y - 2mx + 2 nn ng thng D i qua cc im C, CT ca th hm s c

phng trnh l: y = -2mx + 2
Ta c d ( I , D ) =
2m - 1
4m 2 + 1
< R = 1 (v m > 0) D lun ct ng trn tm I(1; 1), bn knh R
= 1 ti 2 im A, B phn bit.
1
1
1
1
: D khng i qua I, ta c: SD ABI = IA.IB.sin AIB R2 =
2
2
2
2
1
R
1
Nn SDIAB t GTLN bng
khi sin
AIB = 1 hay DAIB vung cn ti I IH =
=
2
2
2
2m - 1
1
2 3
=
m=
(H l trung im ca AB)
2
2
4m2 + 1
Vi m
Cu 29. Cho hm s y = x 3 + 6mx 2 + 9 x + 2m (1), vi m l tham s thc.

2) Tm m th hm s (1) c hai im cc tr sao cho khong cch t gc to O n
4
ng thng i qua hai im cc tr bng
Ta c: y = 3x 2 + 12mx + 9 . Hm s c 2 im cc tr PT y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit

D ' = 4m2 - 3 > 0 m >
x
3
Khi ta c: y = +
3
2
m<
hoc
- 3
2
(*)
2m
2
.y + (6 - 8m ) x - 4m
3
ng thng i qua 2 im cc tr ca th hm s (1) c PT l: D : y = (6 - 8m2 ) x - 4m

m = 1
d (O, D) =
=
64m - 101m + 37 = 0
m = 1 .
m = 37 (loai)
2 2
5
(6 - 8m ) + 1
8
-4m
Cu 30. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + (m - 6) x + m - 2 (1), vi m l tham s thc.

2) Tm m th hm s (1) c hai im cc tr sao cho khong cch t im A(1; -4) n
ng thng i qua hai im cc tr bng
12
265
Ta c: y = 3 x 2 - 6 x + m - 6 . Hm s c 2 im cc tr PT y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit

D = 32 - 3(m - 6) > 0 m < 9 (*)
1
3
2
3
4
3
Ta c: y = ( x - 1).y + m - 6 x + m - 4
2
4
3
3
m = 1
6m - 18
12

=
1053 (tho (*))
m =
265
4m 2 - 72m + 333
249
PT ng thng qua 2 im cc tr D: y = m - 6 x + m - 4
d ( A, D) =
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
Cu 31. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + mx + 1 (1), vi m l tham s thc.

1 11
2 4
2) Tm m th hm s (1) c hai im cc tr sao cho khong cch t im I ;

n ng thng i qua hai im cc tr l ln nht.
Ta c: y = 3 x 2 - 6 x + m . Hm s c 2 im cc tr PT y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit

D > 0 m < 3 .
x
3
1
3
2m
m
- 2 x + +1
3
3
Ta c: y = - y +
2m
m
- 2 x + +1.
3
3
uur
1
3
D dng tm c im c nh ca D l A - ;2 . AI = 1; .
2
4
PT ng thng qua hai im cc tr l: D : y =
Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca I trn D.

2m
3
- 2 . = 0 m = 1.
3
4
Ta c d ( I , D) = IH IA . Du "=" xy ra IA ^ D 1 +
Vy max(d ( I , D)) =
5
khi m = 1 .
4
Cu 32. Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3(m + 1) x 2 + 3m(m + 2) x + m3 + 3m 2
(Cm ) .

2) Chng minh rng vi mi m, th (Cm) lun c 2 im cc tr v khong cch gia 2
im cc tr l khng i.
Ta c: y = 3 x 2 + 6(m + 1) x + 6m(m + 2) ; y = 0 x = -2 - m .
x = -m
th (Cm) c im cc i A(-2 - m;4) v im cc tiu B(-m;0) AB = 2 5 .

Cu 33. Cho hm s y = 2 x 2 - 3(m + 1) x 2 + 6mx + m3 .

2) Tm m th hm s c hai im cc tr A, B sao cho AB = 2 .
Ta c: y = 6( x - 1)( x - m) . Hm s c C, CT y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit m 1 .
Khi cc im cc tr l A(1; m3 + 3m - 1), B(m;3m 2 ) .
AB = 2 (m - 1)2 + (3m 2 - m3 - 3m + 1) = 2 m = 0; m = 2 (tho iu kin).
Cu 34. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 3(m 2 - 1) x - m3 + 4m - 1
(1)
2) Tm m th ca hm s (1) c hai im cc tr A, B sao cho DOAB vung ti O.
Ta c: y = 3 x 2 - 6mx + 3(m2 - 1) ; y = 0 x = m + 1 y = m - 3
x = m -1 y = m +1
uuur
uuur
A(m + 1; m - 3) , B(m - 1; m + 1) OA = (m + 1; m - 3) , OB = (m - 1; m + 1) .
uuur uuur
DOAB vung ti O OA.OB = 0 2m2 - 2m - 4 = 0 m = -1 .

m = 2
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Cu 35. Cho hm s y = 2 x 2 - 3(m + 1) x 2 + 6mx + m3
(1)
2) Tm m th ca hm s (1) c hai im cc tr A, B sao cho tam gic ABC vung ti
C, vi C(4;0) .
Ta c: y = 6( x - 1)( x - m) . Hm s c C, CT y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit m 1 .

Khi cc im cc tr l A(1; m3 + 3m - 1), B(m;3m 2 ) .
uuur uuur
DABC vung ti C AC.BC = 0 (m + 1) m2 (m 2 - m + 1) + 3m 2 - 5m + 4 = 0

m = -1
Cu 36. Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3 x 2 + m
(1)
2) Xc nh m th ca hm s (1) c hai im cc tr A, B sao cho
AOB = 1200 .
Ta c: y = 3 x 2 + 6 x ; y = 0 x = -2 y = m + 4
x = 0 y = m
Vy hm s c hai im cc tr A(0 ; m) v B(-2 ; m + 4)
uuur
uuur
1
OA = (0; m ), OB = (-2; m + 4) .
AOB = 1200 th cos AOB = 2
-4 < m < 0
1
m(m + 4)
= - m2 4 + (m + 4)2 = -2m(m + 4) 2
2
3m + 24m + 44 = 0
m2 4 + (m + 4)2
-4 < m < 0
-12 + 2 3
-12 2 3 m =
3
m =
3
Cu 37. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + m2 - m + 1 (1)

2) Tm m th hm s (1) c hai im cc i, cc tiu l A v B sao cho din tch tam
gic ABC bng 7, vi im C(2; 4 ).
Ta c y ' = 3 x 2 - 6 x ; y ' = 0 3 x 2 - 6 x = 0 x = 0; x = 2 Hm s lun c C, CT.

Cc im C, CT ca th l: A(0; m2 - m + 1) , B(2; m 2 - m - 3) , AB = 22 + (-4)2 = 2 5
Phng trnh ng thng AB:
x - 0 y - m2 + m - 1
=
2 x + y - m2 + m - 1 = 0
2
-4
1
1 m2 - m + 1
m = 3
SD ABC = d (C , AB). AB = .
.2 5 = m2 - m + 1 = 7
.
2
2
m = -2
5
Cu hi tng t:
a) y = x 3 - 3mx + 2, C (1;1), S = 18 .
S: m = 2 .
Cu 38. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3(m + 1) x 2 + 12mx - 3m + 4 (C)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s m = 0.

2) Tm m hm s c hai cc tr l A v B sao cho hai im ny cng vi im
9
C -1; - lp thnh tam gic nhn gc ta O lm trng tm.
2
Ta c y ' = 3x 2 - 3(m + 1) x + 12m . Hm s c hai cc tr y = 0 c hai nghim phn bit

D = (m - 1)2 > 0 m 1 (*). Khi hai cc tr l A(2;9m), B(2m; -4m3 + 12m 2 - 3m + 4) .
Trang 22
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Trn S Tng

2 + 2 m - 1 = 0
Kho st hm s
1
DABC nhn O lm trng tm

m = - (tho (*)).
9
3
2
2
-4m + 12m + 6m + 4 - = 0
2
Cu 39. Cho hm s y = f ( x ) = 2 x 3 + 3(m - 3) x 2 + 11 - 3m ( Cm ).

2) Tm m (Cm ) c hai im cc tr M1, M2 sao cho cc im M1, M2 v B(0; 1) thng
hng.
y = 6 x 2 + 6(m - 3) . y = 0 x = 0
. Hm s c 2 cc tr m 3 (*).
x = 3 - m
1
3
Chia f ( x ) cho f ( x ) ta c: f ( x ) = f ( x ) x +
m-3
2
- (m - 3) x + 11 - 3m
6
phng trnh ng thng M1M2 l: y = -(m - 3)2 x + 11 - 3m

M1, M2 , B thng hng B M1M2 m = 4 (tho (*)).
1
Cu 40. Cho hm s y = x 3 - mx 2 + (m 2 - 1) x + 1 (Cm ) .
3

2) Tm m hm s c cc i, cc tiu v yC + yCT > 2 .
Ta c: y = x 2 - 2mx + m 2 - 1 . y = 0 x = m + 1 .
yC + yCT
x = m -1
-1 < m < 0
> 2 2 m3 - 2 m + 2 > 2
.
m > 1
1
4
Cu 41. Cho hm s y = x 3 - (m + 1) x 2 + (m + 1)3
3
3
(1) (m l tham s thc).

2) Tm m cc im cc i v cc tiu ca th (1) nm v 2 pha (pha trong v pha
ngoi) ca ng trn c phng trnh (C): x 2 + y 2 - 4 x + 3 = 0 .
y = x 2 - 2(m + 1) x . y = 0 x = 0
. Hm s c cc tr m -1
x = 2(m + 1)
4
Gi hai im cc tr ca th l: A 0; (m + 1)3 , B(2(m + 1);0) .

3
(C) c tm I(2; 0), bn knh R = 1. IA = 4 +
(1)
16
(m + 1)6 , IB = 4m2 .
9
1
2
A, B nm v hai pha ca (C) (IA2 - R2 )( IB2 - R 2 ) < 0 4m 2 - 1 < 0 - < m <

1
2
Kt hp (1), (2), ta suy ra: - < m <
1
(2)
2
1
.
2
Cu 42. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 3(m 2 - 1) x - m3 (Cm)

2) Chng minh rng (Cm) lun c im cc i v im cc tiu ln lt chy trn mi
ng thng c nh.
y = 3 x 2 - 6mx + 3(m2 - 1) ; y = 0 x = m + 1
x = m -1
Trang 23
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
im cc i M (m - 1;2 - 3m) chy trn ng thng c nh: x = -1 + t
y = 2 - 3t
im cc tiu N (m + 1; -2 - m) chy trn ng thng c nh: x = 1 + t

y = -2 - 3t
1
Cu 43. Cho hm s y = x 3 - mx 2 - x + m + 1 (Cm ) .
3

2) Tm m th (Cm) c 2 im cc tr v khong cch gia 2 im cc tr l nh nht.
Ta c: y = x 2 - 2mx - 1 ; y = 0 c D = m 2 + 1 > 0, "m hm s lun c hai im cc tr

x1 , x2 . Gi s cc im cc tr ca (Cm) l A( x1; y1 ), B( x2 ; y2 ) .
1
3
2
3
2 2
2
y1 = - (m + 1) x1 + m + 1 ;
3
3
2
3
Ta c: y = ( x - m).y - (m2 + 1) x + m + 1
2
2
y2 = - (m2 + 1) x2 + m + 1
3
3
4
4
Do : AB 2 = ( x2 - x1 )2 + ( y2 - y1 )2 = (4m 2 + 4) 1 + (m2 + 1)2 4 1 +
9
AB
2 13
2 13
. Du "=" xy ra m = 0 . Vy min AB =
khi m = 0 .
3
3
Cu 44. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 - mx + 2 (1) .

2) Tm m hm s (1) c 2 cc tr v ng thng i qua 2 im cc tr ca th hm s
to vi hai trc to mt tam gic cn.
y = 3 x 2 - 6 x - m . Hm s c 2 cc tr y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit m > -3 .

1
3
2m
m
- 2 x + 2 ng thng D i qua 2 im cc tr ca
3
3
2m
m
th c phng trnh: y = - 2 x + 2 - .
3
3
m-6
6-m
D ct Ox, Oy ti A
;0 , B 0;
(m 0).
3
2(m + 3)
Ta c: y = ( x - 1).y + -
Tam gic OAB cn OA = OB
m-6
6-m
9
3
m = 6; m = - ; m = - .
=
2(m + 3)
3
2
2
3
2
i chiu iu kin ta c m = - .
Cu 45. Cho hm s : y =
1 3
x - mx 2 + (m 2 - m + 1) x + 1 (1).
3

2) Tm m hm s c cc tr trong khong (-;1) .
Tp xc nh D = R. y = x 2 - 2mx + m2 - m + 1 .
t t = x - 1 x = t + 1 ta c : y ' = g(t ) = t 2 + 2 (1 - m ) t + m2 - 3m + 2
Hm s(1) c cc tr trong khong (-;1) f ( x ) = 0 c nghim trong khong (-;1) .
Trang 24
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Trn S Tng
P < 0
D ' 0
g(t ) = 0 c nghim t < 0
S < 0
P 0
Kho st hm s
m 2 - 3m + 2 < 0
1< m < 2
m - 1 0
2 m - 2 < 0
m2 - 3m + 2 0
Vy: Vi 1 < m < 2 th hm s (1) c cc tr trong khong (-;1)

1 3
x - mx 2 + (m 2 - m + 1) x + 1 (1).
3

2) Tm m hm s c cc tr trong khong (1; +) .
Tp xc nh D = R. y = x 2 - 2mx + m2 - m + 1 .
Hm s(1) c cc tr trong khong (1; +) f ( x ) = 0 c nghim trong khong (1; +) .
P < 0
D ' 0
g(t ) = 0 c nghim t > 0
S > 0
P 0
m 2 - 3m + 2 < 0
m - 1 0
1< m
2 m - 2 > 0
m2 - 3m + 2 0
Vy: Vi m > 1 th hm s (1) c cc tr trong khong (1; +)

1 3
x - mx 2 + (m 2 - m + 1) x + 1 (1).
3

2) Tm m hm s c hai cc tr x1, x2 tho mn x1 < 1 < x2 .
Tp xc nh D = R. y = x 2 - 2mx + m2 - m + 1 .
t t = x - 1 x = t + 1 ta c: y ' = g(t ) = t 2 + 2(1 - m)t + m2 - 3m + 2
(1) c hai cc tr x1, x2 tho x1 < 1 < x2 g(t ) = 0 c hai nghim t1, t2 tho t1 < 0 < t2
P < 0 m 2 - 3m + 2 < 0 1 < m < 2
Vy: Vi 1 < m < 2 th hm s (1) c hai cc tr x1, x2 tho mn x1 < 1 < x2 .
1 3
x - mx 2 + (m 2 - m + 1) x + 1 (1).
3

2) Tm m hm s c hai cc tr x1, x2 tho mn x1 < x2 < 1 .
Tp xc nh D = R. y = x 2 - 2mx + m2 - m + 1 .
(1) c hai cc tr x1, x2 tho x1 < x2 < 1 g(t ) = 0 c hai nghim t1, t2 tho t1 < t2 < 0
m - 1 > 0
D ' > 0
S < 0 m 2 - 3m + 2 > 0 m . Vy: Khng c gi tr no ca m no tho YCBT.

P > 0
2m - 2 < 0
1 3
x - mx 2 + (m 2 - m + 1) x + 1 (1).
3

2) Tm m hm s c hai cc tr x1, x2 tho mn 1 < x1 < x2 .
Trang 25
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Tp xc nh D = R. y = x 2 - 2mx + m2 - m + 1 .
(1) c hai cc tr x1, x2 tho 1 < x1 < x2 g(t ) = 0 c hai nghim t1, t2 tho 0 < t1 < t2
m - 1 > 0
D ' > 0
S > 0 m 2 - 3m + 2 > 0 m > 2

P > 0
2m - 2 > 0
Vy: Vi m > 2 th hm s (1) c hai cc tr x1, x2 tho mn 1 < x1 < x2 .
Trang 26
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
Dng 2: Cc tr ca hm s trng phng: y = f ( x ) = ax 4 + bx 2 + c

A. Kin thc c bn
Hm s lun nhn x = 0 lm 1 im cc tr.
Hm s c 1 cc tr phng trnh y = 0 c 1 nghim.
Hm s c 3 cc tr phng trnh y = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit.
Khi th c 3 im cc tr A(0; c), B( x1; y1), C ( x2 ; y2 ) th DABC cn ti A.
1. Tm iu kin th hm s c cc im cc tr to thnh tam gic vung cn
hoc tam gic u.
Tm iu kin phng trnh y = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit.
Tm to cc im cc tr A, B, C. Lp lun ch ra DABC cn ti A.
uuur uuur
Gii iu kin:
DABC vung ti A AB. AC = 0
DABC u AB = BC
2. Tm iu kin th hm s c cc im cc tr to thnh mt tam gic c din
tch S cho trc.
Tm iu kin phng trnh y = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit.
Tm to cc im cc tr A, B, C. Lp lun ch ra DABC cn ti A.
K ng cao AH.
1
2
Gii iu kin: S = SABC = AH .BC .

Cu 50. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2(m2 - m + 1) x 2 + m - 1 .
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s .

2) Tm m th (C) c khong cch gia hai im cc tiu ngn nht.
y = 4 x 3 - 4(m 2 - m + 1) x ;
x = 0
y = 0
.
2
x = m - m + 1
2
1 3
Khong cch gia cc im cc tiu: d = 2 m - m + 1 = 2 m - +
2 4
1
min d = 3 m = .
2
2
Cu 51. Cho hm s y =
1 4
3
x - mx 2 +
2
2
(1)

2) Xc nh m th ca hm s (1) c cc tiu m khng c cc i.
x = 0
2
x = m
y = 2 x 3 - 2mx = 2 x( x 2 - m) . y = 0
th ca hm s (1) c cc tiu m khng c cc i PT y = 0 c 1 nghim m 0

Cu 52. Cho hm s y = - x 4 + 2mx 2 - 4
(Cm ) .
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s khi m = 2 .

2) Tm cc gi tr ca m tt c cc im cc tr ca (Cm ) u nm trn cc trc to .
Trang 27
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
x = 0
.
2
x = m
Ta c: y = -4 x 3 + 4mx ; y = 0
+ Nu m 0 th th c 1 im cc tr duy nht (0; -4) Oy .

+ Nu m > 0 th (Cm ) c 3 im cc tr A(0; -4), B(- m ; m2 - 4), C ( m ; m2 - 4) .
m > 0
m=2.
2
m - 4 = 0
A, B, C nm trn cc trc to th B, C Ox
Vy: m 0 hoc m = 2 .
Cu 53. Cho hm s y = x 4 + (3m + 1) x 2 - 3 (vi m l tham s).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = -1 .
2) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m th hm s c ba im cc tr to thnh mt tam gic
2
cn sao cho di cnh y bng ln di cnh bn.
3
3m + 1
Ta c: y ' = 4 x 3 + 2(3m + 1) x ; y ' = 0 x = 0, x 2 = .
2
1
th hm s c ba im cc tr m < (*). Ba im cc tr l:
3
-3m - 1 -(3m + 1)2
-3m - 1 -(3m + 1)2
A(0; -3) ; B
;
- 3 ; C ;
- 3
2
4
2
4
-3m - 1 (3m + 1)4

-3m - 1
2
5
D ABC cn ti A ; BC = AB 9.4
=
4
+
m = - , tho (*).
3
16
2
3
2
Cu 54. Cho hm s y = f ( x ) = x 4 + 2(m - 2) x 2 + m2 - 5m + 5 (Cm ) .
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) hm s khi m = 1.

2) Tm cc gi tr ca m th (Cm ) ca hm s c cc im cc i, cc tiu to thnh 1
tam gic vung cn.
x = 0
2
x = 2 - m
Ta c f ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 4(m - 2) x = 0
Hm s c C, CT PT f ( x ) = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit m < 2
(*)
Khi to cc im cc tr l: A ( 0; m 2 - 5m + 5) , B ( 2 - m ;1 - m ) , C ( - 2 - m ;1 - m )
uuur
uuur
AB = ( 2 - m ; - m2 + 4m - 4 ) , AC = ( - 2 - m ; -m2 + 4m - 4 )
Do DABC lun cn ti A, nn bi ton tho mn khi DABC vung ti A
uuur uuur
AB. AC = 0 (m - 2)3 = -1 m = 1
(tho (*))
Cu 55. Cho hm s y = x 4 + 2(m - 2) x 2 + m 2 - 5m + 5
( Cm )

2) Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th th (Cm) c im cc i v im cc tiu, ng thi
cc im cc i v im cc tiu lp thnh mt tam gic u.
x = 0
Ta c f ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 4(m - 2) x = 0 2
x = 2 - m
Hm s c C, CT PT f ( x ) = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit m < 2
(*)
Khi to cc im cc tr l: A ( 0; m 2 - 5m + 5) , B ( 2 - m ;1 - m ) , C ( - 2 - m ;1 - m )
uuur
uuur
AB = ( 2 - m ; - m2 + 4m - 4 ) , AC = ( - 2 - m ; -m2 + 4m - 4 )
Trang 28
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
1
Do DABC lun cn ti A, nn bi ton tho mn khi A = 600 cos A =
2
uuur uuur
AB. AC
1
uuur uuur = m = 2 - 3 3 .
AB . AC 2
(Ch : C th dng tnh cht: DABC u AB = BC = CA).

Cu hi tng t:
a) y = x 4 - 2mx 2 + 2m + m 4 .
S: m = 3 3
b) y = x 4 - 4(m - 1) x 2 + 2m - 1 .
S: m = 1 +
3
2
c) y = x 4 - 4(m - 1) x 2 + 2m - 1
Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2mx 2 + 2m + m 4 c th (Cm) .

2) Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th th (Cm) c ba im cc tr, ng thi ba im cc tr
lp thnh mt tam gic c din tch S = 4 .
Cu 56.
x = 0
2
g( x ) = x - m = 0
Ta c y ' = 4 x 3 - 4mx = 0
Hm s c 3 cc tr y ' = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit Dg = m > 0 m > 0
(*)
Vi iu kin (*), phng trnh y = 0 c 3 nghim x1 = - m ; x2 = 0; x3 = m . Hm s t
cc tr ti x1; x2 ; x3 . Gi A(0;2m + m 4 ); B ( m ; m 4 - m2 + 2m ) ; C ( - m ; m 4 - m2 + 2m ) l 3 im
cc tr ca (Cm) .
Ta c: AB 2 = AC 2 = m 4 + m; BC 2 = 4m D ABC cn nh A
Gi M l trung im ca BC M (0; m 4 - m 2 + 2m) AM = m 2 = m 2
V D ABC cn ti A nn AM cng l ng cao, do :
5
SD ABC
1
1
= AM .BC = .m2 . 4m = 4 m 2 = 4 m 5 = 16 m = 5 16 . Vy m = 5 16 .
2
2
Cu hi tng t:
a) y = x 4 - 2m 2 x 2 + 1 , S = 32.
1
4
S: m = 2
b) y = x 4 - 2mx 2 + m , S = 32 2 .
S: m = 2
c) y = x 4 - 2m 2 x 2 + m 4 + m , S = 32.
S: m = 2
d) y = x 4 - 2mx 2 + 2m2 - 4, S = 1 .
S: m = 1
Cu 57. Cho hm s y = x 4 + 2mx 2 + m2 + m c th (Cm) .

lp thnh mt tam gic c mt gc bng 1200 .
x = 0
Ta c y = 4 x 3 + 4mx ; y = 0 4 x ( x 2 + m) = 0
x = -m
(m < 0)
Khi cc im cc tr l: A(0; m 2 + m), B ( -m ; m ) , C ( - -m ; m )
uuur
uuur
AB = ( - m ; -m 2 ) ; AC = (- -m ; -m2 ) . DABC cn ti A nn gc 120o chnh l A .
Trang 29
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
uuur uuur
AB. AC
1
- -m . -m + m 4
1
A = 120o cos A = - 1 uuu
=r uuur = -
2
2
2
m4 - m
AB . AC
m = 0 (loai)
m + m4
1
1
4
4
4
1
= - 2m + 2m = m - m 3m + m = 0
. Vy m = - 3 .
4
m
=
2
3
m -m
3
3
Cu 58. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2mx 2 + m - 1 c th (Cm) .

lp thnh mt tam gic c bn knh ng trn ngoi tip bng 1 .
x = 0
2
x = m
Ta c y = 4 x 3 - 4mx = 4 x ( x 2 - m) = 0
Hm s cho c ba im cc tr PT y = 0 c ba nghim phn bit v y i du khi x

i qua cc nghim m > 0 . Khi ba im cc tr ca th (Cm) l:
A(0; m - 1), B ( - m ; -m 2 + m - 1) , C ( m ; - m2 + m - 1)
1
y - y A . xC - xB = m2 m ; AB = AC = m 4 + m , BC = 2 m
2 B
m = 1
AB. AC.BC
(m 4 + m)2 m
3
R=
=1
= 1 m - 2m + 1 = 0
m = 5 - 1
4SV ABC
4m 2 m
SV ABC =
Cu hi tng t:
a) y = x 4 - 2mx 2 + 1
S: m = 1, m =
-1 + 5
2
Cu 59. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2mx 2 + 2
(Cm).
2) Tm cc gi tr ca m (Cm) c 3 im cc tr to thnh mt tam gic c ng trn
3 9
5 5
ngoi tip i qua im D ; .

x = 0
. Hm s c 3 im cc tr m > 0 .
2
x = m
Ta c: y = 4 x 3 - 4mx; y = 0
Khi cc im cc tr ca (Cm) l: A(0;2), B(- m ; -m 2 + 2), C ( m ; -m 2 + 2) .

Gi I ( x; y) l tm ca ng trn (P) ngoi tip DABC.
IA2 = ID 2
3 x - y + 1 = 0
x = 0
2
2
Ta c: IB = IC 2 x m = -2 x m
y = 1 . Vy m = 1 .
2
2
m = 1
( x + m )2 + ( y + m 2 - 2)2 = x 2 + ( y - 2)2
IB = IA
Cu 60. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2(1 - m2 ) x 2 + m + 1
(Cm).
2) Tm m th (Cm) c 3 im cc tr to thnh mt tam gic c din tch ln nht.
x = 0
2
2 . Hm s c 3 cc tr -1 < m < 1 .
x = 1- m
y = 4 x 3 - 4(1 - m 2 ) x ; y = 0
Khi cc im cc tr ca (Cm) l:
) (
A(0;1 + m) , B - 1 - m2 ; 1 - m2 , C
Trang 30
1 - m2 ; 1 - m2
)
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
1
2
=1 m = 0.
Ta c: S ABC = d ( A, BC ).BC = (1 - m2 )2 1 . Du "=" xy ra m = 0 .

Vy max SABC
Cu 61. Cho hm s y =
1 4
x - (3m + 1) x 2 + 2(m + 1) (Cm).
4

2) Tm m th (Cm) c 3 im cc tr to thnh mt tam gic c trng tm l gc to
O.
x = 0
1
. Hm s c 3 cc tr m > 2
3
x = 2(3m + 1)
y = x 3 - 2(3m + 1) x ; y = 0
(*)
Khi to 3 im cc tr l:
A(0;2m + 2), B(- 6m + 2; -9m 2 - 4m + 1), C ( 6m + 2; -9m 2 - 4m + 1)
2
1
DABC c trng tm O -18m2 - 6m + 4 = 0 m = - ; m =
3
3
1
i chiu vi iu kin (*), suy ra m = .
3
Trang 31
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng

KSHS 03: S TNG GIAO
Dng 1: S tng giao ca th hm s bc 3: y = f ( x ) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d (a 0)

A. Kin thc c bn
Cho hai th (C1): y = f ( x ) v (C2): y = g( x ) . tm honh giao im ca (C1) v
(C2) ta gii phng trnh: f ( x ) = g( x ) (*) (gi l phng trnh honh giao im).
S nghim ca phng trnh (*) bng s giao im ca hai th.
S giao im ca th (C) ca hm s bc ba: y = f ( x ) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d vi trc honh
bng s nghim ca phng trnh ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 (1)
1. Tm iu kin th (C) v trc honh c 1 im chung duy nht.
f khong co cc tr
f co 2 cc tr
yC .yCT > 0
Phng trnh (1) c 1 nghim duy nht
2. Tm iu kin th (C) v trc honh c 2 im chung phn bit.

f co 2 cc tr
(C) tip xc vi Ox
yC .yCT = 0
Phng trnh (1) c ng 2 nghim
3. Tm iu kin th (C) v trc honh c 3 im chung phn bit.

f co 2 cc tr
yC .yCT < 0
Phng trnh (1) c 3 nghim phn bit
4. Tm iu kin th (C) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c honh dng.

f co 2 cc tr
y .y < 0
C CT
xC > 0, xCT > 0
a. f (0) < 0 (hay ad < 0)
Phng trnh (1) c 3 nghim dng phn bit.
Trang 32
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
5. Tm iu kin th (C) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c honh m.

f co 2 cc tr
yC .yCT < 0
Phng trnh (1) c 3 nghim m phn bit.
xC < 0, xCT < 0

a. f (0) > 0 (hay ad > 0)
6. Tm iu kin th (C) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c honh to

thnh mt cp s cng.
a, b, c lp thnh mt cp s cng a + c = 2b
Gi s (1) c 3 nghim x1, x2 , x3 lp thnh cp s cng.
Vit (1) di dng: ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 a( x - x1 )( x - x2 )( x - x3 ) = 0
a x 3 - ( x1 + x2 + x3 ) x 2 + ( x1x2 + x2 x3 + x3 x1 ) x - x1x2 x3 = 0
x1, x2 , x3 lp thnh cp s cng x1 + x3 = 2 x2 x2 = Th x2 = -
b
l 1 nghim ca (1).
3a
b
vo (1) suy ra iu kin cn tm.
3a
Ch : y ch l iu kin cn nn phi th li kt qu tm c.
7. Tm iu kin th (C) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c honh to
thnh mt cp s nhn.
a, b, c lp thnh mt cp s nhn ac = b2
Gi s (1) c 3 nghim x1, x2 , x3 lp thnh cp s nhn.
Vit (1) di dng: ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 a( x - x1 )( x - x2 )( x - x3 ) = 0
a x 3 - ( x1 + x2 + x3 ) x 2 + ( x1x2 + x2 x3 + x3 x1 ) x - x1x2 x3 = 0
x1, x2 , x3 lp thnh cp s nhn x1x3 = x22 x23 = Th x2 = 3 -
d
l 1 nghim ca (1).
a
d
vo (1) suy ra iu kin cn tm.
a
Ch : y ch l iu kin cn nn phi th li kt qu tm c.
Trang 33
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Cho hm s y = x 3 + mx + 2 c th (Cm)
2) Tm m th (Cm) ct trc honh ti mt im duy nht.
Cu 1.
PT honh giao im ca (Cm) vi trc honh: x 3 + mx + 2 = 0 m = - x 2 2

x
Xt hm s: f ( x ) = - x 2 - f '( x ) = -2 x +
2
x2
2
( x 0)
x
-2 x 3 + 2
x2
Ta c bng bin thin:

x -
f (x)
f (x)
-
+
+
th (Cm) ct trc honh ti mt im duy nht m > -3 .

Cho hm s y = f ( x ) = x 3 - mx 2 + 2m (Cm) ( m l tham s).
Cu 2.
Ta c: y = 3 x 2 - 2mx = x (3 x - 2m)
+ Khi m = 0 th y = 3 x 2 0 (1) ng bin trn R tho yu cu bi ton.
2m
. Do th ct Ox ti duy nht 1 im khi
3
m 0
2m2
4 m3
2
f ( x1 ). f ( x2 ) > 0 2m 2m > 0 4m 1 >0 3 6
3 6
27
27
- 2 < m < 2
3 6 3 6
Kt lun: khi m ;
th th (Cm) ct Ox ti duy nht mt im.
2
2
+ Khi m 0 th (1) c 2 cc tr x1 = 0 , x2 =
Cu hi tng t:
a) y = x 3 + 3(m + 1) x 2 + 3(m2 + 1) x + 1
S: m R .
Cho hm s y = 2 x 3 - 3(m + 1) x 2 + 6mx - 2 c th (Cm)

Cu 3.
y = 6 x 2 - 6(m + 1) x + 6m ; Dy ' = 9(m + 1)2 - 36m = 9(m - 1)2 .

+ Nu m = 1 th y 0, "x hm s ng bin trn R th ct trc honh ti 1 im
duy nht m = 1 tho mn YCBT.
+ Nu m 1 th hm s c cc im cc tr x1, x2 ( x1, x2 l cc nghim ca PT y = 0 )
x1 + x2 = m + 1; x1x2 = m .
x
3
Ly y chia cho y ta c: y = -
m +1
2
y - (m - 1) x - 2 + m(m + 1) .
6
PT ng thng i qua 2 im cc tr l: y = -(m - 1)2 x - 2 + m(m + 1)

th hm s ct trc honh ti 1 im duy nht yC .yCT > 0
( -(m - 1)2 x1 - 2 + m(m + 1) ) . ( -(m - 1)2 x2 - 2 + m(m + 1) ) > 0
(m - 1)2 (m2 - 2m - 2) < 0 m 2 - 2m - 2 < 0 (v m 1) 1 - 3 < m < 1 + 3 .

Kt lun: 1 - 3 < m < 1 + 3 .
Trang 34
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3m 2 x + 2m c th (Cm).
2) Tm m th (Cm) ct trc honh ti ng hai im phn bit.
(Cm) ct trc honh ti ng hai im phn bit th (Cm) phi c 2 im cc tr
y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit 3 x 2 - 3m 2 = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit m 0
Khi y ' = 0 x = m .
(Cm) ct Ox ti ng 2 im phn bit yC = 0 hoc yCT = 0
Ta c:
+ y(-m) = 0 2m3 + 2m = 0 m = 0 (loi)
Cu 4.
+ y(m) = 0 -2m3 + 2m = 0 m = 0 m = 1
Vy: m = 1
Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 1 .
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm m ng thng (D): y = (2m - 1) x - 4m - 1 ct th (C) ti ng hai im phn
bit.
Cu 5.
Phng trnh honh giao ca (C) v (D): x 3 - 3 x 2 - (2m - 1) x + 4m + 2 = 0

x = 2
2
f ( x ) = x - x - 2m - 1 = 0 (1)
( x - 2)( x 2 - x - 2m - 1) = 0
2 x1 = x2
x1 = 2 x2
(D) ct (C) ti ng 2 im phn bit (1) phi c nghim x1, x2 tha mn:
D = 0
8m + 5 = 0
5
b
1
m = - 8
2
2
2a
2

.
1
D > 0
8m + 5 > 0
m=
2
f (2) = 0
-2m + 1 = 0
Vy: m = -
5
1
; m= .
8
2
Cho hm s y = x 3 - 6 x 2 + 9 x - 6 c th l (C).
2) nh m ng thng (d ) : y = mx - 2m - 4 ct th (C) ti ba im phn bit.
Cu 6.
PT honh giao im ca (C) v (d): x 3 - 6 x 2 + 9 x - 6 = mx - 2m - 4

x = 2
( x - 2)( x 2 - 4 x + 1 - m) = 0
2
g( x ) = x - 4 x + 1 - m = 0
(d) ct (C) ti ba im phn bit PT g( x ) = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit khc 2 m > -3
Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 3(m 2 - 1) x - (m 2 - 1) ( m l tham s) (1).
2) Tm cc gi tr ca m th hm s (1) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c honh
dng.
Cu 7.
(1) co 2 cc tr
y .y < 0
th (1) ct trc Ox ti 3 im phn bit c honh dng C CT
xC > 0, xCT > 0
a.y(0) < 0
+ y = 3 x 2 - 6mx + 3(m 2 - 1)
(*)
x = m - 1 = xC
+ Dy = 9(m2 - m 2 + 1) = 9 > 0, "m + y = 0
x = m + 1 = xCT
Trang 35
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
m - 1 > 0
m + 1 > 0
Suy ra: (*) 2
3 < m < 1+ 2
2
2
(
1)(
3)(
2
1)
<
0
m
m
m
m
2
(m - 1) < 0
Cu 8.
1
3
2
c th (Cm ) .
3
Cho hm s y = x 3 - mx 2 - x + m +

2) Tm m (Cm ) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c tng bnh phng cc honh ln
hn 15.
1 3
2
x - mx 2 - x + m + = 0 (*) c 3 nghim phn bit tha x12 + x22 + x32 > 15 .
3
3
x = 1
Ta c: (*) ( x - 1)( x 2 + (1 - 3m) x - 2 - 3m) = 0
2
g( x ) = x + (1 - 3m) x - 2 - 3m = 0
YCBT
YCBT g( x ) = 0 c 2 nghim x1, x2 phn bit khc 1 v tha x12 + x22 > 14 m > 1
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi y = x 3 - 3mx 2 - 3 x + 3m + 2
Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 - 9 x + m , trong m l tham s thc.
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho khi m = 0 .
2) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m th hm s cho ct trc honh ti 3 im
phn bit c honh lp thnh cp s cng.
th hm s ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c honh lp thnh cp s cng
Phng trnh x 3 - 3 x 2 - 9 x + m = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit lp thnh cp s cng
Phng trnh x 3 - 3 x 2 - 9 x = -m c 3 nghim phn bit lp thnh cp s cng
ng thng y = -m i qua im un ca th (C) - m = -11 m = 11.
Cu 9.
Cu 10. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 9 x - 7 c th (Cm), trong m l tham s thc.

2) Tm m (Cm) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c honh lp thnh cp s cng.
Honh cc giao im l nghim ca phng trnh: x 3 - 3mx 2 + 9 x - 7 = 0

Gi honh cc giao im ln lt l x1; x2 ; x3 ta c: x1 + x2 + x3 = 3m
x1; x2 ; x3 lp thnh cp s cng th x2 = m l nghim ca phng trnh (1)
(1)
m = 1
-1 + 15
-1 - 15
-2m3 + 9m - 7 = 0 m =
. Th li ta c m =
l gi tr cn tm.
2
2
-1 - 15
m =
2
Cu hi tng t:
a) y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 2m(m - 4) x + 9m2 - m .
S: m = 1 .
Cu 11. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3mx 2 - mx c th (Cm), trong m l tham s thc.

2) Tm m (Cm) ct ng thng d: y = x + 2 ti 3 im phn bit c honh lp thnh
cp s nhn.
Trang 36
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
Xt phng trnh honh giao im ca (Cm) v d:

x 3 - 3mx 2 - mx = x + 2 g( x ) = x 3 - 3mx 2 - (m + 1) x - 2 = 0
k cn: Gi s (C) ct d ti 3 im phn bit c honh x1; x2 ; x3 ln lt lp thnh cp

s nhn. Khi ta c: g( x ) = ( x - x1 )( x - x2 )( x - x3 )
x1 + x2 + x3 = 3m
Suy ra: x1x2 + x2 x3 + x1x3 = - m - 1

x x x = 2
1 2 3
V x1x3 = x22 x23 = 2 x2 = 3 2 nn ta c: - m - 1 = 4 + 3 2.3m m = k : Vi m = Vy: m = -
5
3
3 2 +1
5
33 2 + 1
3 2 +1
, thay vo tnh nghim thy tha mn.
Cu hi tng t:
a) y = x 3 - (3m + 1) x 2 + (5m + 4) x - 8 , d Ox .
Cu 12. Cho hm s
5
3
S: m = 2 .
y = x3 - 3x 2 + 2 .

2) Tm cc gi tr ca tham s m ng thng d : y = m( x - 2) - 2 ct th (C) ti 3 im
phn bit A(2; 2), B, D sao cho tch cc h s gc ca tip tuyn ti B v D vi th (C)
t gi tr nh nht.
PT honh giao im ca (C) v d: x 3 - 3 x 2 + 2 = m( x - 2) - 2

x = 2

.
2
g( x ) = x - x - 2 - m = 0 (1)
9
(C) ct d ti 3 im phn bit A(2; 2), B, D D = 9 + 4m > 0 - < m 0

4
g(2) = - m 0
Vi iu kin (*), gi x1, x2 l cc nghim ca (1) th x1 + x2 = 1, x1x2 = -2 - m .
(*)
9
4
Ta c: k = y( x1).y( x2 ) = (3 x12 - 6 x1)(3 x22 - 6 x2 ) = 9(m + 1)2 - 9 -9 vi - < m 0 .

Du "=" xy ra m = -1 . Vy gi tr m cn tm l m = -1 . Khi kmin = -9 .
Cu 13. Cho hm s y = -2 x 3 + 6 x 2 + 1
(C)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm m ng thng d : y = mx + 1 ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit A(0; 1), B, C sao cho B
l trung im ca on thng AC.
x = 0 ( y = 1)
PT honh giao im ca (C) v d: -2 x 3 + 6 x 2 + 1 = mx + 1 2

2 x - 6 x + m = 0 (1)
d ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit A(0; 1), B, C (1) c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 0
9

D > 0 m < ; m 0 . Khi B( x1; mx1 + 1), C ( x2 ; mx2 + 1) .
m 0
x1 + x2 = 3
m
x1x2 = 2
V B l trung im ca AC nn x2 = 2 x1 (2). Mt khc:

T (2) v (3) suy ra m = 4 .
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Cu 14. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 6 x 2 + 9 x
(1)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1).
2) Tm m ng thng d : y = mx ct (C) ti 3 im O(0; 0), A, B phn bit. Chng t
rng khi m thay i, trung im I ca on AB lun nm trn mt ng thng song song
vi trc tung.
x = 0 ( y = 0)
PT honh giao im ca (C) v d: x 3 - 6 x 2 + 9 x = mx 2

x - 6 x + 9 - m = 0 (1)
d ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit O(0; 0), A, B (2) c 2 nghim phn bit x A , xB khc 0

D > 0
0 < m 9 (*) . V I l trung im ca AB nn xI =
9 - m 0
I D: x = 3 (D // Oy).
x A + xB
=3
2
Cu 15. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + (m - 1) x + m + 1 (Cm).

2) Tm cc gi tr ca m ng thng d : y = 2 x - m - 1 ct th (Cm) ti 3 im phn bit
c honh ln hn hoc bng 1.
PT honh giao im ca (Cm) v d: x 3 - 3mx 2 + (m - 1) x + m + 1 = 2 x - m - 1 (1)

x = 1
2
x + (1 - 3m) x - 2m - 2 = 0 (2)
YCBT (1) c 3 nghim phn bit ln hn hoc bng 1 (2) c 2 nghim phn bit ln
hn 1
Xt PT (2) ta c: D = 9m 2 + 2m + 9 > 0, "m (2) lun c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 .
Do : (2) c 2 nghim phn bit ln hn 1 1 < x1 < x2 0 < x1 - 1 < x2 - 1 (*)

t t = x - 1 . Khi (2) t 2 + 3(1 - m)t - 5m = 0 (3)
D > 0
(*) (3) c 2 nghim dng phn bit S = 3(m - 1) > 0 (v nghim)

P = -5m > 0
Kt lun: khng c gi tr m tho YCBT.

Cu 16. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x + 2 .

2) Vit phng trnh ng thng d ct th (C) ti 3 im phn bit A, B, C sao cho
x A = 2 v BC = 2 2 .
Vi x A = 2 y A = 4 . PT ng thng d ia qua A(2; 4) c dng: y = k ( x - 2) + 4 .

x = 2
PT honh giao im ca (C) v d: x 3 - 3 x + 2 = k ( x - 2) + 4

2
g( x ) = x + 2 x - k + 1 = 0
d ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit D > 0 k > 0 . Khi to ca B( x1; y1), C ( x2 ; y2 )
g(2) 0
k 9

2
tho h phng trnh: x + 2 x - k + 1 = 0 (1)
y = kx - 2k + 4
(2)
Ta c: (1) x1 - x2 = 2 k ; (2) y1 - y2 = k ( x1 - x2 ) = 2k k
BC = 2 2
4k + 4k 3 = 2 2 4k 3 + 4k - 8 = 0 k = 1 . Vy d : y = x + 2 .
Trang 38
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
Cu 17. Cho hm s y = 4 x 3 - 6mx 2 + 1 (C) (m l tham s).

2) Tm cc gi tr ca m ng thng d : y = - x + 1 ct th (C) ti 3 im A(0; 1), B, C
phn bit sao cho B, C i xng nhau qua ng phn gic th nht.
x = 0
PT honh giao im ca (C) v d: 4 x 3 - 6mx 2 + 1 = - x + 1 2

4 x - 6mx + 1 = 0 (1)
d ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit A(0; 1), B, C (1) c 2 nghim phn bit khc 0
2
m < - 3

(*). Khi gi s B( x1; - x1 + 1), C ( x2 ; - x2 + 1) .
m > 2
3
x = y
x = - x2 + 1
B, C i xng nhau qua ng thng y = x 1 2 1
x1 + x2 = 1
y1 = x2
x2 = - x1 + 1
3
2
m = 1 m = (khng tho (*)). Vy khng c gi tr m tho YCBT.
2
3
Cu 18. Cho hm s y = x 3 + 2mx 2 + (m + 3) x + 4 c th l (Cm) (m l tham s).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C1) ca hm s trn khi m = 1.

2) Cho ng thng (d): y = x + 4 v im K(1; 3). Tm cc gi tr ca m (d) ct (Cm) ti
ba im phn bit A(0; 4), B, C sao cho tam gic KBC c din tch bng 8 2 .
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (Cm) v d l: x 3 + 2mx 2 + (m + 3) x + 4 = x + 4

x = 0 ( y = 4)
2
g( x ) = x + 2mx + m + 2 = 0 (1)
(d) ct (Cm) ti ba im phn bit A(0; 4), B, C (1) c 2 nghim phn bit khc 0.
2
/
m < -1 m > 2
D = m - m - 2 > 0
g
(0)
=
m
+
2
0
m -2
Khi : xB + xC = -2m; xB .xC = m + 2 .

SD KBC = 8 2
(*)
Mt khc: d ( K , d ) =
1- 3 + 4
2
= 2 . Do :
1
BC.d (K , d ) = 8 2 BC = 16 BC 2 = 256
2
( xB - xC )2 + ( yB - yC )2 = 256 ( xB - xC )2 + (( xB + 4) - ( xC + 4))2 = 256

2( xB - xC )2 = 256 ( x B + xC )2 - 4 xB xC = 128
4m 2 - 4(m + 2) = 128 m 2 - m - 34 = 0 m =
1 137
1 137
(tha (*)). Vy m =
.
2
2
Cu hi tng t:
a) y = x 3 + 2mx 2 + 3(m - 1) x + 2 , d : y = - x + 2 , K (3;1), A(0;2), S = 2 2 . S: m = 0, m = 3
Cu 19. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 4 c th l (C).

2) Gi dk l ng thng i qua im A(-1;0) vi h s gc k (k ) . Tm k ng
thng dk ct th (C) ti ba im phn bit A, B, C v 2 giao im B, C cng vi gc to
O to thnh mt tam gic c din tch bng 1 .
Ta c: dk : y = kx + k kx - y + k = 0
PT honh giao im ca (Cm) v d l:
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
x 3 - 3 x 2 + 4 = kx + k ( x + 1) ( x - 2)2 - k = 0 x = -1 hoc ( x - 2)2 = k

k > 0
dk ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit
k 9
(*)
Khi cc giao im l A(-1;0), B ( 2 - k ;3k - k k ) , C ( 2 + k ;3k + k k ) .

BC = 2 k 1 + k 2 , d (O, BC ) = d (O, dk ) =
k
1 + k2
k
1
SDOBC = .
.2 k . 1 + k 2 = 1 k k = 1 k 3 = 1 k = 1 (tho (*))
2 1+ k2
Cu hi tng t:
a) y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 4; A(-1;0), SOBC = 8 .
S: k = 4 .
Cu 20. Cho hm s y = (2 - m) x 3 - 6mx 2 + 9(2 - m) x - 2
(Cm) (m l tham s).

2) Tm m ng thng d : y = -2 ct (Cm) ti ba im phn bit A(0; -2) , B v C sao cho
din tch tam gic OBC bng 13 .
Phng trnh honh giao im l: (2 - m) x 3 - 6mx 2 + 9(2 - m) x - 2 = -2
(1)
x = 0
2
(2 - m) x - 6mx + 9(2 - m) = 0 (2)
d ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit A(0; 2), B, C (2) c 2 nghim phn bit khc 0
2
2
D = 9m - 9(2 - m) > 0 m > 1
(*). Gi s B( x B ; -2), C ( xC ; -2) ( xB xC ) .

m 2
2 - m 0
6m
1
x B + xC =
Khi :
2 - m . Ta c: S DOBC = d (O, BC ).BC = 13
2
x B xC = 9
2
14
2
6m
m=
BC = 13 ( xB + xC ) - 4 x B xC = 13
36
=
13
13 (tho (*)).
2-m
m = 14
Cu 21. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 2 c th l (C).

2) Gi E l tm i xng ca th (C). Vit phng trnh ng thng qua E v ct (C) ti
ba im E, A, B phn bit sao cho din tch tam gic OAB bng 2 .
Ta c: E(1; 0). PT ng thng D qua E c dng y = k ( x - 1) .
PT honh giao im ca (C) v D: ( x - 1)( x 2 - 2 x - 2 - k ) = 0
D ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit x 2 - 2 x - 2 - k = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit khc 1 k > -3

k = -1
1
SDOAB = d (O, D). AB = k k + 3 k k + 3 = 2
2
k = -1 3
Vy c 3 ng thng tho YCBT: y = - x + 1; y = ( -1 3 ) ( x - 1) .

Cu 22. Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx + 1 (m l tham s)
(1)
1) Kho st v v th hm s khi m = 3.
2) Tm m ng thng d: y = 1 ct th hm s (1) ti ba im phn bit A(0; 1), B, C
sao cho cc tip tuyn ca th hm s (1) ti B v C vung gc vi nhau.
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
PT honh giao im ca (1) v d: x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx + 1 = 1 x( x 2 + 3 x + m) = 0

9
4
d ct (1) ti 3 im phn bit A(0; 1), B, C m < , m 0

Khi : xB , xC l cc nghim ca PT: x 2 + 3 x + m = 0 xB + xC = -3; xB .xC = m
H s gc ca tip tuyn ti B l k1 = 3 xB2 + 6 xB + m v ti C l k2 = 3 xC2 + 6 xC + m
Tip tuyn ca (C) ti B v C vung gc vi nhau k1.k2 = -1 4m 2 - 9m + 1 = 0
m=
9 - 65
9 + 65
m=
8
8
Cu 23. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x + 1 c th (C) v ng thng (d): y = mx + m + 3 .

2) Tm m (d) ct (C) ti M(1; 3), N, P sao cho tip tuyn ca (C) ti N v P vung gc
vi nhau.
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C) v (d): x 3 -(m + 3) x - m - 2 = 0

x = -1 ( y = 3)
( x + 1)( x 2 - x - m - 2) = 0
2
g( x ) = x - x - m - 2 = 0
9
4
d ct (1) ti 3 im phn bit M(1; 3), N, P m > - , m 0

Khi : x N , xP l cc nghim ca PT: x 2 - x - m - 2 = 0 x N + xP = 1; x N .xP = -m - 2
H s gc ca tip tuyn ti N l k1 = 3 x N2 - 3 v ti P l k2 = 3 xP2 - 3
Tip tuyn ca (C) ti N v P vung gc vi nhau k1.k2 = -1 9m2 + 18m + 1 = 0
m=
-3 + 2 2
-3 - 2 2
m=
3
3
Cu 24. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 4
(C)
2) Gi (d) l ng thng i qua im A(2; 0) c h s gc k. Tm k (d) ct (C) ti ba
im phn bit A, M, N sao cho hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti M v N vung gc vi nhau.
PT ng thng (d): y = k ( x - 2)
+ PT honh giao im ca (C) v (d): x 3 - 3 x 2 + 4 = k ( x - 2)

x = 2 = xA
( x - 2)( x 2 - x - 2 - k ) = 0
2
g( x ) = x - x - 2 - k = 0
+ (d) ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit A, M, N PT g( x ) = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit, khc 2
>0 - <k0
4
f (2) 0
D
(*)
x + x = 1
+ Theo nh l Viet ta c: M N
x M x N = -k - 2
+ Cc tip tuyn ti M v N vung gc vi nhau y ( x M ).y ( x N ) = -1
2
(3 x M
- 6 x M )(3 x N2 - 6 x N ) = -1 9k 2 + 18k + 1 = 0 k =
-3 2 2
3
(tho (*))
Cu 25. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x (C)

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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
2) Chng minh rng khi m thay i, ng thng (d): y = m( x + 1) + 2 lun ct th (C) ti

mt im M c nh v xc nh cc gi tr ca m (d) ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit M, N, P
sao cho tip tuyn ca (C) ti N v P vung gc vi nhau.
x +1 = 0
PT honh giao im ( x + 1)( x 2 - x - 2 - m) = 0 (1) 2

x - x - 2 - m = 0
(2)
(1) lun c 1 nghim x = -1 ( y = 2 ) (d) lun ct (C) ti im M(1; 2).

(d) ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit (2) c 2 nghim phn bit, khc 1
9
4
m > - ;m 0
(*)
Tip tuyn ti N, P vung gc y '( xN ). y '( xP ) = -1 m =
-3 2 2
(tho (*))
3
1
8
Cu 26. Cho hm s y = x 3 - x 2 - 3 x + .
3
3

2) Lp phng trnh ng thng d song song vi trc honh v ct th (C) ti hai im
phn bit A, B sao cho tam gic OAB cn ti O (O l gc to ).
Gi s phng trnh ng thng d: y = m.
PT honh giao im ca (C) v d:
1 3
8
x - x 2 - 3 x + = m x 3 - 3 x 2 - 9 x + 8 - 3m = 0 (1)
3
3
d ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit A, B sao cho DOAB cn ti O th (1) phi c 2 nghim

x1 , x2 = - x1 ( x1 ,x1 l honh ca A, B) x1, x2 l cc nghim ca phng trnh:
( x 2 - x12 )( x - x2 ) = 0 x 3 - x2 x 2 - x12 x + x12 x2 = 0 (2)
ng nht (1) v (2) ta c:
x2 = 3
x1 = 3
19
2
x2 = 3 . Kt lun: d: y = .
x1 = 9
3
x 2 x = 8 - 3m
19
m = 1 2
Cu 27. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 5 x 2 + 3 x + 9
(1).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1).
2) Gi D l ng thng i qua A(-1;0) v c h s gc k . Tm k D ct th (C) ti ba
im phn bit A, B, C sao cho tam gic OBC c trng tm G(2;2) ( O l gc to ).
PT ng thng D: y = k ( x + 1) . PT honh giao im ca (C) v D:

x = -1
x 3 - 5 x 2 + 3 x + 9 = k ( x + 1)
2
( x - 3) = k
D ct (C) ti ba im phn bit ( x - 3)2 = k c hai nghim phn bit khc -1 k > 0
k 16
Khi to cc giao im l: A(-1;0) , B ( 3 + k ; k ( 4 + k ) ) , C ( 3 - k ; k ( 4 - k ) ) .

xG = 2
3
k = (tho iu kin).
Do ta trng tm DOBC :
8k
4
yG = 3 = 2
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
Dng 2: S tng giao ca th hm s trng phng: y = f ( x ) = ax 4 + bx 2 + c (a 0)

A. Kin thc c bn
S giao im ca (C): y = ax 4 + bx 2 + c vi trc Ox = s nghim ca ax 4 + bx 2 + c = 0 (1)
t = x 2 , t 0
ax 4 + bx 2 + c = 0 (1) 2
at + bt + c = 0 (2)
xc nh s nghim ca (1) ta da vo s nghim ca (2) v du ca chng.

(2) vo nghiem
(1) v nghim (2) co nghiem kep am
(2) co 2 nghiem am
(1) c 1 nghim (2) co nghiem kep bang 0
(2) co 1 nghiem bang 0, nghiem con lai am
(1) c 2 nghim (2) co nghiem kep dng

(2) co 1 nghiem dng va 1 nghiem am
(1) c 3 nghim (2) co 1 nghiem bang 0, nghiem con lai dng
(1) c 4 nghim (2) co 2 nghiem dng phan biet

1. Tm iu kin th (C) ct trc honh ti k im phn bit.
Da vo cc trng hp nu trn.
2. Tm iu kin th (C) ct trc honh ti 4 im phn bit c honh lp
thnh mt cp s cng.
ax 4 + bx 2 + c = 0 (1) c 4 nghim phn bit.
at 2 + bt + c = 0 (t = x 2 ) (2) c 2 nghim dng phn bit t1, t2 (gi s t1 < t2 )
Khi cc nghim ca (1) l: - t2 ; - t1 ; t1 ; t2 .
V - t2 ; - t1 ; t1 ; t2 lp thnh cp s cng nn
t2 - t1 = t1 - - t1 t2 = 9t1 .
b
t1 + t2 = - a
c
Gii iu kin: t1t2 =
.
a
t = 9t
2
1
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Cu 28. Cho hm s y = x 4 - mx 2 + m - 1 c th l ( Cm )

2) nh m th ( Cm ) ct trc honh ti bn im phn bit.
PT honh giao im ca (Cm) vi trc honh: x 4 - mx 2 + m - 1 = 0 (1)
t t = x 2 , t 0 . Khi : (1) t 2 - mt + m - 1 = 0 (2) t = 1
t = m - 1
YCBT (1) c 4 nghim phn bit (2) c 2 nghim dng phn bit 0 < m - 1 1
m > 1
m 2
Cu 29. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2(m + 1) x 2 + 2m + 1 c th l ( Cm ) .
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho khi m = 0 .

2) nh m th ( Cm ) ct trc honh ti 4 im phn bit c honh lp thnh cp s
cng.
Xt phng trnh honh giao im: x 4 - 2(m + 1) x 2 + 2m + 1 = 0
(1)
t t = x 2 , t 0 th (1) tr thnh: f (t ) = t 2 - 2(m + 1)t + 2m + 1 = 0 .

(Cm) ct Ox ti 4 im phn bit th f (t ) = 0 phi c 2 nghim dng phn bit
D ' = m2 > 0
S = 2 ( m + 1) > 0 m > - 2 (*)

P = 2m + 1 > 0
m 0
Vi (*), gi t1 < t2 l 2 nghim ca f (t ) = 0 , khi honh giao im ca (Cm) vi Ox ln

lt l: x1 = - t2 ; x2 = - t1 ; x3 = t1 ; x4 = t2
x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 lp thnh cp s cng x2 - x1 = x3 - x2 = x4 - x3 t2 = 9t1
m = 4
5m = 4m + 4
m + 1 + m = 9 m + 1 - m 5 m = 4 ( m + 1)
4 (tho (*))
m = -5m = 4m + 4
9
4
Vy m = 4; -
9
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi y = - x 4 + 2(m + 2) x 2 - 2m - 3
S: m = 3, m = -
13
.
9
Cu 30. Cho hm s y = x 4 - (3m + 2) x 2 + 3m c th l (Cm), m l tham s.

2) Tm m ng thng y = -1 ct th (Cm) ti 4 im phn bit u c honh nh
hn 2.
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (Cm) v ng thng y = -1 :
x = 1
x 4 - (3m + 2) x 2 + 3m = -1 x 4 - (3m + 2) x 2 + 3m + 1 = 0 2
(*)
x = 3m + 1
ng thng y = -1 ct (Cm) ti 4 im phn bit c honh nh hn 2 khi v ch khi
phng trnh (*) c hai nghim phn bit khc 1 v nh hn 2

0 < 3m + 1 < 4
3m + 1 1
1
3
- < m < 1; m 0
Trang 44
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
Cu 31. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2(m + 1) x 2 + 2m + 1 c th l (Cm), m l tham s.

2) Tm m th (Cm) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit u c honh nh hn
Xt phng trnh honh giao im: x 4 - 2(m + 1) x 2 + 2m + 1 = 0
3.
(1)
t t = x 2 , t 0 th (1) tr thnh: f (t ) = t 2 - 2(m + 1)t + 2m + 1 = 0 .

(Cm) ct Ox ti 3 im phn bit c honh nh hn 3
0 = t1 < t2 < 3
f ( t ) c 2 nghim phn bit t1, t2 sao cho:
0 < t1 < 3 t2
D = m2 > 0
D = m 2 > 0
f (0) = 2m + 1 = 0
hoac f (3) = 4 - 4m 0 m = - m 1
2
S = 2(m + 1) < 3
S = 2(m + 1) > 0
P
2
m
1
0
=
+
>
1
Vy: m = - m 1 .
2
Cu 32. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2m 2 x 2 + m 4 + 2m (Cm), vi m l tham s.
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 1 ..

2) Chng minh th (Cm) lun ct trc Ox ti t nht hai im phn bit, vi mi m < 0 .
PT honh giao im ca (Cm) vi trc Ox: x 4 - 2m 2 x 2 + m 4 + 2m = 0 (1)

t t = x 2 (t 0) , (1) tr thnh : t 2 - 2m2t + m 4 + 2m = 0
(2)
Ta c : D ' = -2m > 0 v S = 2m 2 > 0 vi mi m > 0 . Nn (2) c nghim dng
(1) c t nht 2 nghim phn bit th hm s (1) lun ct trc Ox ti t nht hai
im phn bit.
Cu 33. Cho hm s y = x 4 + 2m2 x 2 + 1 (m l tham s)
(1)
2) Chng minh rng ng thng y = x + 1 lun ct th hm s (1) ti hai im phn bit
vi mi gi tr ca m.
Xt PT honh giao im:
x = 0
x 4 + 2m2 x 2 + 1 = x + 1 x ( x 3 + 2m2 x - 1) = 0
3
2
g( x ) = x + 2m x - 1 = 0 (*)
Ta c: g ( x ) = 3 x 2 + 2m2 0 (vi mi x v mi m ) Hm s g(x) lun ng bin vi mi
gi tr ca m.
Mt khc g(0) = 1 0. Do phng trnh (*) c nghim duy nht khc 0.
Vy ng thng y = x + 1 lun ct th hm s (1) ti hai im phn bit vi mi gi tr
ca m.
Cu 34. Cho hm s y = x 4 - (m 2 + 2) x 2 + m 2 + 1 (Cm).

2) Tm cc gi tr ca m (Cm) ct trc honh ti 4 im phn bit sao cho hnh phng gii
hn bi (Cm) vi trc honh phn pha trn trc honh c din tch bng
96
.
15
x = 1
PT honh giao im ca (Cm) vi trc Ox: x 4 - (m 2 + 2) x 2 + m 2 + 1 = 0
2
x = m + 1
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
(Cm) ct trc Ox ti 4 im phn bit m 0 (*).

Khi : din tch hnh phng gii hn bi (Cm) vi trc honh phn pha trn trc honh
1
l: S = ( x 4 - (m2 + 2) x 2 + m2 + 1)dx
-1
20m2 + 16 96
=
m = 2 (tho (*)).
15
15
Cu 35. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 4 x 2 + m (Cm).

2) Tm cc gi tr ca m (Cm) ct trc honh ti 4 im phn bit sao cho hnh phng gii
hn bi (Cm) vi trc honh c din tch phn pha trn trc honh bng din tch phn di
trc honh.
PT honh giao im ca (Cm) vi trc honh: x 4 - 4 x 2 + m = 0 (1)

2
t 2= x , t 0
t - 4t + m = 0 (2)
(Cm) ct Ox ti 4 im phn bit (1) c 4 nghim phn bit (2) c 2 nghim dng
D = 4 - m > 0
phn bit S = 4 > 0

0 < m < 4 (*).
P = m > 0
Gi s (2) c nghim t1, t2 (0 < t1 < t2 ) . Khi (1) c 4 nghim phn bit theo th t tng dn
l: x1 = - t2 ; x2 = - t1 ; x3 = t1 ; x4 = t2 . Do tnh i xng ca (Cm) nn ta c:

x3
x4
x3
4
2
( x - 4 x + m)dx =
4
2
(- x + 4 x - m)dx
x45 4 x34
+ mx4 = 0 3 x44 - 20 x42 + 15m = 0
5
3
x 4 - 4 x 2 + m = 0
4
4
4
3
20
x
x42 + 15m = 0
4
Suy ra x4 l nghim ca h:
i chiu iu kin (*) ta suy ra m =
(3)
(4)
m = 0
20 .
m =
9
20
.
9
Cu 36. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2(m + 1) x 2 + 2m + 1 (Cm).

2) Tm cc gi tr ca m (Cm) ct trc honh ti 4 im phn bit A, B, C, D c honh
ln lt l x1, x2 , x3 , x4 ( x1 < x2 < x3 < x4 ) sao cho tam gic ACK c din tch S = 4 , bit
K(3; -2) .
PT honh giao im ca (Cm) vi trc honh: x 4 - 2(m + 1) x 2 + 2m + 1 = 0
(1) .
t t = x 2 , t 0 . (1) tr thnh: t 2 - 2(m + 1)t + 2m + 1 = 0 (2)

(Cm) ct Ox ti 4 im phn bit (2) c 2 nghim dng phn bit
D = (m + 1)2 - (2m + 1) > 0
S = 2(m + 1) > 0
m > - 2
P = 2m + 1 > 0
m 0
Khi (Cm) ct Ox ti 4 im phn bit c honh theo th t l: - t1 ; - t2 ; t2 ; t1 , vi

t1 > t2 .
1
2
Ta c: S ACK = AC.d ( K , AC ) (3), vi d ( K , AC ) = yK = 2 .

Khi : (3)
t1 + t2 = 4 t1 + t2 + 2 t1t2 = 16 2(m + 1) + 2 2m + 1 = 16 m = 4 .
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s

Dng 3: S tng giao ca th hm s: y = f ( x ) =
Cu 37. Cho hm s y =
ax + b
cx + d
2x + 1
c th l (C).
x+2

2) Chng minh rng ng thng d: y = - x + m lun ct th (C) ti hai im phn bit A,
B. Tm m on AB c di nh nht.
x -2
2x + 1
= -x + m
2
x+2
f ( x ) = x + (4 - m) x + 1 - 2m = 0 (1)
Do (1) c D = m 2 + 12 > 0 v f (-2) = (-2)2 + (4 - m).(-2) + 1 - 2m = -3 0, "m

nn ng thng d lun lun ct th (C ) ti hai im phn bit A, B.
Ta c: y A = m - x A ; yB = m - xB nn AB2 = ( x B - x A )2 + ( yB - y A )2 = 2(m 2 + 12)
Suy ra AB ngn nht AB2 nh nht m = 0 . Khi : AB = 24 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) y =
x -2
x -1
b) y =
S: m = 2
x -1
2x
S: m =
1
2
x -3
.
x +1
2) Vit phng trnh ng thng d qua im I(-1;1) v ct th (C) ti hai im M, N
sao cho I l trung im ca on MN.
Phng trnh ng thng d : y = k ( x + 1) + 1
Cu 38. Cho hm s y =
x -3
= kx + k + 1 c 2 nghim phn bit khc -1 .
x +1
k 0
f ( x ) = kx 2 + 2kx + k + 4 = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit khc -1 D = -4k > 0 k < 0

f (-1) = 4 0
Mt khc: x M + x N = -2 = 2 xI I l trung im MN vi "k < 0 .
d ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit M, N
Kt lun: Phng trnh ng thng cn tm l y = kx + k + 1 vi k < 0 .

Cu 39. Cho hm s y =
2x + 4
1- x
(C).

2) Gi (d) l ng thng qua A(1; 1) v c h s gc k. Tm k (d) ct (C) ti hai im M,
N sao cho MN = 3 10 .
Phng trnh ng thng (d ) : y = k ( x - 1) + 1.
Bi ton tr thnh: Tm k h phng trnh sau c hai nghim ( x1; y1 ), ( x2 ; y2 ) phn bit
2
sao cho ( x2 - x1 ) + ( y2 - y1 ) = 90
2x + 4
= k ( x - 1) + 1
-x +1
y = k ( x - 1) + 1
(a)
kx 2 - (2k - 3) x + k + 3 = 0
(I). Ta c: (I )
y = k ( x - 1) + 1
(I) c 2 nghim phn bit kx 2 - (2k - 3) x + k + 3 = 0 (b) c 2 nghim phn bit.

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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
3
8
k 0, k < .
Ta bin i (a) tr thnh: (1 + k 2 ) ( x2 - x1 ) = 90 (1 + k 2 ) ( x2 + x1 ) - 4 x2 x1 = 90 (c)
2
Theo nh l Viet cho (b) ta c: x1 + x2 =
2k - 3
k +3
, x1x2 =
, th vo (c) ta c phng
k
k
8k 3 + 27k 2 + 8k - 3 = 0 (k + 3)(8k 2 + 3k - 1) = 0
trnh:
k = -3; k =
-3 + 41
-3 - 41
.
; k=
16
16
Kt lun: Vy c 3 gi tr ca k tho mn nh trn.

Cu 40. Cho hm s y =
2x - 2
(C).
x +1

2) Tm m ng thng (d): y = 2 x + m ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho
AB = 5 .
2x - 2
= 2 x + m 2 x 2 + mx + m + 2 = 0 ( x -1)
(1)
x +1
d ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit A, B (1) c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 khc 1
PT honh giao im:
m 2 - 8m - 16 > 0 (2)
m
x1 + x2 = - 2
Khi ta c:
. Gi A ( x1;2 x1 + m ) , B ( x2 ;2 x2 + m ) .
x x = m + 2
1 2
2
AB2 = 5 ( x1 - x2 )2 + 4( x1 - x2 )2 = 5 ( x1 + x2 )2 - 4 x1x2 = 1 m 2 - 8m - 20 = 0
m = 10
m = -2
Vy: m = 10; m = -2 .
(tho (2))
Cu hi tng t:
a) y =
2x -1
, d : y = x + m, AB = 2 2 .
x+2
Cu 41. Cho hm s y =
S: m = -1; m = 7 .
x -1
(1).
x+m

2) Tm cc gi tr ca tham s m sao cho ng thng (d): y = x + 2 ct th hm s (1) ti
hai im A v B sao cho AB = 2 2 .
x -m
x -1
= x+2 2
x+m
x + (m + 1) x + 2m + 1 = 0
PT honh giao im:
(*)
d ct th hm s (1) ti hai im A, B phn bit (*) c hai nghim phn bit khc - m
2
D > 0
m - 6m - 3 > 0 m < 3 - 2 3 m > 3 + 2 3

x
m -1
m -1
(**)
x + x = -(m + 1)
Khi gi x1, x2 l cc nghim ca (*), ta c 1 2

x1.x2 = 2m + 1
Cc giao im ca d v th hm s (1) l A( x1; x1 + 2), B( x2 ; x2 + 2) .

Suy ra AB2 = 2( x1 - x2 )2 = 2 ( x1 + x2 )2 - 4 x1x2 = 2(m 2 - 6m - 3)
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
Theo gi thit ta c 2(m2 - 6m - 3) = 8 m 2 - 6m - 7 = 0 m = -1
m = 7
Kt hp vi iu kin (**) ta c m = 7 l gi tr cn tm.

Cu 42. Cho hm s y =
2x + 1
.
x +1

2) Tm cc gi tr ca tham s k sao cho ng thng (d): y = kx + 2k + 1 ct th (C) ti hai
im phn bit A v B sao cho cc khong cch t A v B n trc honh l bng nhau.
PT honh giao im:
x -1
2x + 1
= kx + 2k + 1 2
x +1
kx + (3k - 1) x + 2k = 0 (*)
k 0
2
D = k - 6k + 1 > 0
d ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A v B (*) c 2 nghim phn bit

k 0
k < 3 - 2 2 k > 3 + 2 3
(**). Khi : A( x1; kx1 + 2k + 1), B( x2 ; kx2 + 2k + 1) .
Ta c: d ( A, Ox ) = d ( B, Ox ) kx1 + 2k + 1 = kx2 + 2k + 1 k ( x1 + x2 ) + 4k + 2 = 0
k = -3 (tho (**).
Cu 43. Cho hm s
y=
2x
.
x -1

2) Tm m ng thng d : y = mx - m + 2 ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho
di AB ngn nht.
x 1
2x
= mx - m + 2
2
x -1
g( x ) = mx - 2mx + m - 2 = 0 (2)
d ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit A, B (2) c 2 nghim phn bit khc 1 m > 0
PT honh giao im:
Khi : A( x1; mx1 - m + 2), B( x2 ; mx2 - m + 2) AB2 = (1 + m)2 ( x2 - x1 )2
1
m-2
AB 2 = 8 m + 16
m
m
Du "=" xy ra m = 1 . Vy min AB = 4 khi m = 1 .
Theo nh l Viet, ta c: x1 + x2 = 2; x1x2 =
Cu 44. Cho hm
y=
x+2
.
2x - 2

2) Tm m ng thng d : y = x + m ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho
OA2 + OB 2 =
37
.
2
x+2
= x+m
2x - 2
x 1
.
2
g( x ) = 2 x + (2m - 3) x - 2(m + 1) = 0
2
V Dg = 4m + 4m + 25 > 0, "m nn d lun ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit A, B.

g(1) = 3 0
2m - 3
Gi A( x1; x1 + m), B( x2 ; x2 + m) . Theo nh l Viet, ta c: x1 + x2 = - 2

x1x2 = -(m + 1)
Trang 49
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Kho st hm s
Ta c: OA2 + OB 2 =
Cu 45. Cho hm
Trn S Tng
y=
37
1
37
5
(4m 2 + 2m + 17) =
m =- ; m =2.
2
2
2
2
x
.
1- x

2) Tm m ng thng d : y = mx - m - 1 ct (C) ti hai im phn bit M, N sao cho
AM 2 + AN 2 t gi tr nh nht, vi A(-1;1) .
x 1
x
= mx - m - 1 2
1- x
mx - 2mx + m + 1 = 0
(2)
d ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit (2) c 2 nghim phn bit khc 1 m < 0 .

Gi I l trung im ca MN I(1; -1) c nh.
MN 2
. Do AM 2 + AN 2 nh nht MN nh nht
2
4
MN 2 = ( x2 - x1 )2 (1 + m)2 = -4m - 8 . Du "=" xy ra m = -1 .
m
Ta c: AM 2 + AN 2 = 2 AI 2 +
Vy: min( AM 2 + AN 2 ) = 20 khi m = -1 .

Cu 46. Cho hm s y =
2x -1
(C).
x -1

2) Tm m ng thng d: y = x + m ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho DOAB
vung ti O.
PT honh giao im ca (C) v d: x 2 + (m - 3) x + 1 - m = 0,
x 1
(*)
(*) c D = m - 2m + 5 > 0, "m R v (*) khng c nghim x = 1.

x + x = 3 - m
(*) lun c 2 nghim phn bit l x A , xB . Theo nh l Vit: A B

x A .x B = 1 - m
Khi : A ( x A ; x A + m ) , B ( xB ; xB + m )
uuur uuur
DOAB vung ti O th OA.OB = 0 x A x B + ( x A + m )( x B + m ) = 0
2 x A x B + m ( x A + x B ) + m 2 = 0 m = -2
Vy: m = 2.
Cu 47. Cho hm s y = f ( x ) =
2x + 1
.
x -1

2) Tm cc gi tr ca m sao cho ng thng (d): y = x + m ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit M,
N sao cho din tch tam gic IMN bng 4 (I l tm i xng ca (C)).
Tm i xng ca (C) l I(1; 2). Xt phng trnh honh giao im ca (d) v (C):
x 1
2x + 1
= x+m
2
x -1
f ( x ) = x + (m - 3) x - m - 1 = 0
d ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit M, N f ( x ) = 0 c hai nghim phn bit x M , x N khc 1

D = m 2 - 2m + 13 > 0
(ng vi mi m). Ta cc giao im l M ( x M ; yM ), N ( x N ; yN ) .

f (1) = -3 0
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
m -1
MN = 2 ( x M + x N )2 - 4 x M x N = 2(m 2 - 2m + 13) ; d = d ( I , d ) =
2
1
SIMN = 4 MN .d = 4 m - 1 . m 2 - 2m + 13 = 8 m = 3; m = -1 .
2
-x + m
c th l (Cm) (m l tham s).
x+2
2) Tm cc gi tr ca m ng thng d : 2 x + 2 y - 1 = 0 ct (Cm) ti hai im A v B sao
Cu 48. Cho hm s y =
cho tam gic OAB c din tch bng 1 (O l gc ta ).

-x + m 1
= - x x 2 - x + 2m - 2 = 0 (1), x -2
x+2
2
9
(*)
d ct (Cm) ti 2 im A, B (1) c 2 nghim phn bit khc 2 -2 m <
8
1

1
Khi cc giao im l: A x1; - x1 , B x2 ; - x2 . AB = 2(9 - 8m)
2
2

PT honh giao im ca d v (Cm):
SOAB =
1
1
1
1
7
2(9 - 8m).
=
9 - 8m = 1 m = - (tho (*)).
AB.d (O, d ) =
2
2
8
2 2 4
Cu 49. Cho hm s y =
2x + 1
c th l (C).
x -1

2) Tm cc gi tr m ng thng y = -3 x + m ct (C) ti A v B sao cho trng tm ca
tam gic OAB thuc ng thng d : x - 2 y - 2 = 0 (O l gc ta ).
2x + 1
= -3 x + m 3 x 2 - (1 + m) x + m + 1 = 0 (1), ( x 1)
x -1
d ct (C) ti A v B (1) c 2 nghim phn bit khc 1 m > 11 (*)

m < -1
PT honh giao im:
Gi x1, x2 l cc nghim ca (1). Khi A( x1; -3 x1 + m), B( x2 ; -3 x2 + m)

x1 + x2 1 + m
m -1
=
, yI = -3 x I + m =
2
6
2
uuur 2 uur
1+ m m -1
Gi G l trng tm tam gic OAB OG = OI G
;
3
3
9
Gi I l trung im ca AB xI =
Gd
m -1
1+ m
11
11
(tho (*)). Vy m = - .
- 2.
-2 = 0 m = 9
5
5
3
Cu 50. Cho hm s y =
x+3
(C).
x -2

2) Tm m ng thng d : y = - x + m + 1 ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho
AOB
nhn.
x +3
= -x + m +1
x -2
x 2 - (m + 2) x + 2m + 5 = 0 ( x 2) (1)
2
(1) c 2 nghim phn bit D > 0 m2 - 4m + 16 > 0

x 2
2 - 2(m + 2) + 2m + 5 0
Trang 51
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Gi A( x1; - x1 + m + 1), B( x2 ; - x2 + m + 1) l cc giao im ca (C) v d.
Ta c:
AOB nhn AB2 < OA2 + OB 2 2( x2 - x1 )2 < (- x1 + m + 1)2 + (- x2 + m + 1)2
-2 x1x2 + (m + 1)( x1 + x2 ) - (m + 1)2 < 0 m > -3 .

Cu 51. Cho hm s y =
3x + 2
x+2
(C).

2) ng thng y = x ct (C) ti hai im A, B. Tm m ng thng d : y = x + m ct (C)
ti hai im C, D sao cho ABCD l hnh bnh hnh.
Honh cc im A, B l cc nghim ca PT:
3x + 2
x = -1
=x
x+2
x = 2
A(-1; -1), B(2;2) AB = 3 2 CD = 3 2 .

3x + 2
= x + m x 2 + (m - 1) x + 2m - 2 = 0
x+2
2
d ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit D = m - 10m + 9 > 0 0 m < 1 .

m > 9
x -2
Khi cc giao im l C (c; c + m), D(b; b + m) vi a, b l cc nghim ca PT (*)
(*)
m = 0 (loai )
CD = 3 2 2(c - d )2 = 3 2 m 2 - 10m = 0
m = 10
Vy: m = 10 .
Cu 52. Cho hm s
y=
x +3
.
x +2

2) Tm m ng thng d : y = 2 x + 3m ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho
uuur uuur
OA.OB = -4 vi O l gc to .
PT honh giao im ca (C) v (d):
x +3
= 2 x + 3m
x+2
2 x 2 + 3(1 + m) x + 6m - 3 = 0 (1) ( x 2)
d ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit (1) c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 khc 2
2
D = 9m - 30m + 33 > 0 "m
8 - 6(1 + m) + 6m - 3 0
uuur uuur
Khi : A( x1;2 x1 + 3m), B( x2 ;2 x2 + 3m) . OA.OB = -4

Cu 53. Cho hm s: y =
12m - 15
7
= -4 m = .
2
12
x+2
.
x-2

2) Chng minh rng vi mi gi tr m th trn (C) lun c cp im A, B nm v hai nhnh
x - y + m = 0
ca (C) v tha A A
.
x B - yB + m = 0
x - y + m = 0
y = x + m
A
Ta c: A A
A
A, B (d ) : y = x + m
x B - yB + m = 0
yB = x B + m
A, B l giao im ca (C) v (d). Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C) v (d):

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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
x+m=
x+2
f ( x ) = x 2 + (m - 3) x - (2m + 2) = 0 ( x 2)
x -2
(*).
(*) c D = m 2 + 2m + 17 > 0, "m (d) lun ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B.

V 1. f (2) = -4 < 0 x A < 2 < xB hoc xB < 2 < x A (pcm).
Cu 54. Cho hm s
y=
x+2
.
x -1

2) Gi d l ng thng i qua im A(1; 0) v c h s gc k. Tm k d ct (C) ti hai
im phn bit M, N thuc hai nhnh khc nhau ca (C) sao cho AM = 2 AN .
PT ng thng d: y = k ( x - 1) . PT honh giao im ca (C) v d:
x+2
= k ( x - 1) kx 2 - (2k + 1) x - 2 = 0 ( x 1) (1)
x -1
t t = x - 1 x = t + 1 . Khi (1) tr thnh kt 2 - t - 3 = 0 (2)

d ct (C) ti hai im phn bit M, N thuc hai nhnh khc nhau (1) c 2 nghim x1, x2
tho x1 < 1 < x2 (2) c 2 nghim t1, t2 tho t1 < 0 < t2 -3k < 0 k > 0 (*).
uuur
V A lun nm trong on MN v AM = 2 AN nn AM = -2 AN x1 + 2 x2 = 3 (3)

2k + 1
k -2
(4), x1x2 =
(5) .
k
k
k +2
k -1
2
T (3), (4) x1 =
; x2 =
. Thay vo (5) ta c: k = (tho (*)).
k
k
3
p dng nh l Viet cho (1) ta c: x1 + x2 =
Cu 55. Cho hm s y =
2x - m
(m l tham s)
mx + 1
(1).

2) Chng minh rng vi mi m 0, th ca hm s (1) ct ng thng d : y = 2 x - 2m ti
hai im phn bit A, B thuc mt ng (H) c nh. ng thng d ct cc trc Ox, Oy
ln lt ti cc im M, N. Tm m SDOAB = 3SDOMN .
PT honh giao im ca (C) v (d):

2mx 2 - 2m2 x - m = 0 (2), x -
2x - m
= 2 x - 2m
mx + 1
1
1
f ( x ) = 2 x 2 - 2mx - 1 = 0 (*), x m
m
D = m 2 + 2 > 0
Xt PT (*) c 1 2
"m d lun ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit A, B.
f - m = 2 + 1 0
m
x A + xB = m
1
yA = x
A A, B nm trn ng (H): y = 1 c nh.

Ta c: x A .x B = - 2
1
x
y A = 2 x A - 2m
y =
B xB
y = 2 x - 2m
B
B
h = d (O, d ) =
1
2
-2m
5
2
5
m , AB = 5. m2 + 2 , M (m;0), N (0; -2m)

1
2
1
2
SOAB = h. AB = m m 2 + 2 , SOMN = OM .ON = m 2 ; SOAB = 3SOMN m = .
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
KSHS 04: TIP TUYN

A. Kin thc c bn
ngha hnh hc ca o hm: o hm ca hm s y = f ( x ) ti im x0 l h s gc ca
tip tuyn vi th (C) ca hm s ti im M0 ( x0 ; f ( x0 ) ) .
Khi phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti im M0 ( x0 ; f ( x0 ) ) l:

y y0 = f ( x0 ).( x x0 )
( y0 = f ( x 0 ) )
iu kin cn v hai ng (C1): y = f ( x ) v (C2): y = g( x ) tip xc nhau l h

phng trnh sau c nghim:
f ( x ) = g( x )
f '( x ) = g '( x ) (*)
Nghim ca h (*) l honh ca tip im ca hai ng .

Nu (C1 ) : y = px + q v (C2): y = ax 2 + bx + c th
(C1) v (C2) tip xc nhau phng trnh ax 2 + bx + c = px + q c nghim kp.
1. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn D ca (C): y = f ( x ) ti im M ( x0 ; y0 ) (C ) :
Nu cho x0 th tm y0 = f ( x0 ) .
Nu cho y0 th tm x0 l nghim ca phng trnh f ( x ) = y0 .
Tnh y = f ( x ) . Suy ra y( x0 ) = f ( x0 ) .
Phng trnh tip tuyn D l: y y0 = f ( x0 ).( x x0 ) .
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn D ca (C): y = f ( x ) , bit D c h s gc k cho trc.
Cch 1: Tm to tip im.
Gi M ( x0 ; y0 ) l tip im. Tnh f ( x0 ) .
D c h s gc k f ( x0 ) = k
(1)
Gii phng trnh (1), tm c x0 v tnh y0 = f ( x0 ) . T vit phng trnh ca D.
Cch 2: Dng iu kin tip xc.
Phng trnh ng thng D c dng: y = kx + m .
D tip xc vi (C) khi v ch khi h phng trnh sau c nghim:
f ( x ) = kx + m
(*)
f '( x ) = k
Gii h (*), tm c m. T vit phng trnh ca D.

Ch : H s gc k ca tip tuyn D c th c cho gin tip nh sau:
+ D to vi trc honh mt gc a th k = tan a .
+ D song song vi ng thng d: y = ax + b th k = a
+ D vung gc vi ng thng d : y = ax + b (a 0) th k = + D to vi ng thng d : y = ax + b mt gc a th
1
a
k -a
= tan a
1 + ka
3. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn D ca (C): y = f ( x ) , bit D i qua im A( x A ; y A ) .

Cch 1: Tm to tip im.
Gi M ( x0 ; y0 ) l tip im. Khi : y0 = f ( x0 ), y( x0 ) = f ( x0 ) .
Phng trnh tip tuyn D ti M: y y0 = f ( x0 ).( x x0 )
D i qua A( x A ; y A ) nn: y A y0 = f ( x0 ).( x A x0 )
(2)
Gii phng trnh (2), tm c x0 . T vit phng trnh ca D.

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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
Cch 2: Dng iu kin tip xc.

Phng trnh ng thng D i qua A( x A ; y A ) v c h s gc k: y y A = k ( x x A )
D tip xc vi (C) khi v ch khi h phng trnh sau c nghim:
f (x) = k(x - xA ) + yA
f '( x ) = k
(*)
Gii h (*), tm c x (suy ra k). T vit phng trnh tip tuyn D.

4. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn D ca (C): y = f ( x ) , bit D to vi trc Ox mt gc a.
Gi M ( x0 ; y0 ) l tip im. Tip tuyn c h s gc k = f ( x0 ) .
D to vi trc Ox mt gc a f ( x0 ) = tan a . Gii phng trnh tm c x0 .
5. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn D ca (C): y = f ( x ) , bit D to vi ng thng d:
y = ax + b mt gc a.
k -a
= tan a . Gii phng trnh tm c x0 .
1 + ka
D to vi d mt gc a
6. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn D ca (C): y = f ( x ) , bit D ct hai trc to ti A v B

sao cho tam gic OAB vung cn hoc c din tch S cho trc.
DOAB vung cn D to vi Ox mt gc 450 v O D.(a)
SDOAB = S OA.OB = 2S .
(b)
Gii (a) hoc (b) tm c x0 . T vit phng trnh tip tuyn D.
8. Lp phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca hai th (C1 ) : y = f ( x ), (C2 ) : y = g( x ) .
a) Gi D: y = ax + b l tip tuyn chung ca (C1) v (C2).
u l honh tip im ca D v (C1), v l honh tip im ca D v (C2).
D tip xc vi (C1) v (C2) khi v ch khi h sau c nghim:
f (u) = au + b
f '(u) = a
g(v) = av + b
g '(v) = a
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
T (2) v (4) f (u) = g(v) u = h(v)

(5)
Th a t (2) vo (1) b = k (u)
(6)
Th (2), (5), (6) vo (3) v a u b. T vit phng trnh ca D.
b) Nu (C1) v (C2) tip xc nhau ti im c honh x0 th mt tip tuyn chung
ca (C1) v (C2) cng l tip tuyn ca (C1) (v (C2)) ti im .
9. Tm nhng im trn th (C): y = f ( x ) sao cho ti tip tuyn ca (C) song song
hoc vung gc vi mt ng thng d cho trc.
Gi M ( x0 ; y0 ) (C). D l tip tuyn ca (C) ti M. Tnh f ( x0 ) .
V D // d nn
f ( x0 ) = kd
hoc D ^ d nn
f ( x0 ) = -
1
kd
(1)
(2)
Gii phng trnh (1) hoc (2) tm c x0 . T tm c M ( x0 ; y0 ) (C).

10. Tm nhng im trn ng thng d m t c th v c 1, 2, 3, ... tip tuyn
vi th (C): y = f ( x ) .
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Gi s d : ax + by + c = 0 . M ( x M ; yM ) d .
Phng trnh ng thng D qua M c h s gc k: y = k ( x x M ) + yM
D tip xc vi (C) khi h sau c nghim:
f ( x ) = k ( x - x M ) + yM
f '( x ) = k
(1)
(2)
Th k t (2) vo (1) ta c: f ( x ) = ( x x M ). f ( x M ) + yM (3)

S tip tuyn ca (C) v t M = S nghim x ca (3)
11. Tm nhng im m t c th v c 2 tip tuyn vi th (C): y = f ( x ) v 2
tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau.
Gi M ( x M ; yM ) .
Phng trnh ng thng D qua M c h s gc k: y = k ( x x M ) + yM
D tip xc vi (C) khi h sau c nghim:
f ( x ) = k ( x - x M ) + yM
f '( x ) = k
Th k t (2) vo (1) ta c:
(1)
(2)
f ( x ) = ( x x M ). f ( x M ) + yM
(3)
Qua M v c 2 tip tuyn vi (C) (3) c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 .

Hai tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau f ( x1 ). f ( x2 ) = 1
T tm c M.
Ch : Qua M v c 2 tip tuyn vi (C) sao cho 2 tip im nm v hai pha vi trc
(3) co 2 nghiem phan biet
honh th
f ( x1 ). f ( x2 ) < 0
Trang 56
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
Dng 1: Tip tuyn ca th hm s bc ba y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d

Cho hm s y = 2 x 3 - 3 x 2 + 1 .
2) Tm trn (C) nhng im M sao cho tip tuyn ca (C) ti M ct trc tung ti im c
tung bng 8.
Cu 1.
Gi s M ( x0 ; y0 ) (C ) y0 = 2 x03 - 3 x02 + 1 . Ta c: y = 3 x 2 - 6 x .
PTTT D ti M: y = (6 x02 - 6 x0 )( x - x0 ) + 2 x03 - 3 x02 + 1 .
D i qua P(0;8) 8 = -4 x03 + 3 x02 + 1 x0 = -1 . Vy M(-1; -4) .

Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 1 c th (C).
2) Tm hai im A, B thuc th (C) sao cho tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B song song vi
nhau v di on AB = 4 2 .
Cu 2.
Gi s A(a; a3 - 3a2 + 1), B(b; b3 - 3b2 + 1) thuc (C), vi a b .

V tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B song song vi nhau nn:
y (a) = y (b) 3a2 - 6a = 3b2 - 6b a2 - b2 - 2(a - b) = 0 (a - b)(a + b - 2) = 0
a + b - 2 = 0 b = 2 - a . V a b nn a 2 - a a 1
Ta c: AB = (b - a)2 + (b3 - 3b2 + 1 - a3 + 3a2 - 1)2 = (b - a)2 + (b3 - a3 - 3(b2 - a2 ))2
= (b - a)2 + (b - a)3 + 3ab(b - a) - 3(b - a)(b + a)
= (b - a)2 + (b - a)2 (b - a)2 + 3ab - 3.2
= (b - a)2 + (b - a)2 (b + a)2 - ab - 6 = (b - a)2 + (b - a)2 (-2 - ab)2

AB 2 = (b - a)2 1 + (-2 - ab)2 = (2 - 2a)2 1 + (a2 - 2a - 2)2
2
= 4(a - 1)2 1 + (a - 1)2 - 3 = 4(a - 1)2 (a - 1)4 - 6(a - 1)2 + 10
= 4(a - 1)6 - 24(a - 1)4 + 40(a - 1)2
M AB = 4 2 nn 4(a - 1)6 - 24(a - 1)4 + 40(a - 1)2 = 32

(a - 1)6 - 6(a - 1)4 + 10(a - 1)2 - 8 = 0
(*)
t t = (a - 1)2 , t > 0 . Khi (*) tr thnh:

a = 3 b = -1
t 3 - 6t 2 + 10t - 8 = 0 (t - 4)(t 2 - 2t + 2) = 0 t = 4 (a - 1)2 = 4
a = -1 b = 3
Vy 2 im tho mn YCBT l: A(3;1), B(-1; -3) .
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 2; AB = 4 2 .
S: A(3;2), B(-2; -2) .
Cho hm s y = f ( x ) = x 3 + 6 x 2 + 9 x + 3 (C).
2) Tm tt c cc gi tr k, tn ti 2 tip tuyn vi (C) phn bit v c cng h s gc k,
ng thi ng thng i qua cc tip im ca hai tip tuyn ct cc trc Ox, Oy tng
ng ti A v B sao cho OA = 2011.OB .
PTTT ca (C) c dng: y = kx + m . Honh tip im x0 l nghim ca phng trnh:
Cu 3.
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
f ( x0 ) = k 3 x02 + 12 x0 + 9 - k = 0
(1)
tn ti 2 tip tuyn phn bit th phng trnh (1) phi c 2 nghim phn bit
D = 9 + 3k > 0 k > -3 (2)
To cc tip im ( x0 ; y0 ) ca 2 tip tuyn l nghim ca h:
y = x 3 + 6 x 2 + 9 x + 3
0
0
02 0
3
x
+
12
x
+
9
=
k
0
0
k -6
2k - 9
x0 +
y0 =
3
3 .
3 x 2 + 12 x + 9 = k
0
0
k -6
2k - 9
x+
3
3
Do d ct cc trc Ox, Oy tng ng ti A v B sao cho: OA = 2011.OB nn c th xy ra:
9
+ Nu A O th B O . Khi d i qua O k = .
2
OB
k -6
OAB =
= 2011
+ Nu A O th DOAB vung ti O. Ta c: tan
= 2011
OA
3
k = 6039 (tho (2)) hoc k = -6027 (khng tho (2)).
9
Vy: k = ; k = 6039 .
2
Phng trnh ng thng d i qua cc tp im l: y =
Cho hm s y = x 3 + (1 - 2m) x 2 + (2 - m) x + m + 2 (1) (m l tham s).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1) vi m = 2.
2) Tm tham s m th ca hm s (1) c tip tuyn to vi ng thng d: x + y + 7 = 0
Cu 4.
gc a , bit cosa =
1
26
.
r
Gi k l h s gc ca tip tuyn tip tuyn c VTPT n1 = (k; -1)

r
ng thng d c VTPT n2 = (1;1) .
r r
n1.n2
1
3
2
k -1
Ta c cosa = r r
=
12k 2 - 26k + 12 = 0 k = k =
2
3
n1 . n2
26
2 k2 + 1
YCBT tho mn t nht mt trong hai phng trnh sau c nghim:

3
2
3
D/ 0
2
y = 2
3 x + 2(1 - 2m) x + 2 - m = 2

/1
8m 2 - 2m - 1 0
4m - m - 3 0
D 2 0
3 x 2 + 2(1 - 2m) x + 2 - m = 2
y = 2
3
3
1
1
m - 4 ; m 2
1
1

m - hoc m
3
4
2
m - ; m 1
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi y = x 3 - 3mx + 2; d : x + y + 7 = 0; cosa =
Cu 5.
1
26
2
9
S: m - .
1
3
Cho hm s y = f ( x ) = mx 3 + (m - 1) x 2 + (4 - 3m) x + 1 c th l (Cm).

2) Tm cc gi tr m sao cho trn th (Cm) tn ti mt im duy nht c honh m m
tip tuyn ti vung gc vi ng thng (d): x + 2 y - 3 = 0 .
(d) c h s gc -
1
tip tuyn c h s gc k = 2 . Gi x l honh tip im th:
2
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
f '( x ) = 2 mx 2 + 2(m - 1) x + (4 - 3m) = 2 mx 2 + 2(m - 1) x + 2 - 3m = 0
(1)
YCBT (1) c ng mt nghim m.

+ Nu m = 0 th (1) -2 x = -2 x = 1 (loi)
+ Nu m 0 th d thy phng trnh (1) c 2 nghim l x = 1 hay x=
Do (1) c mt nghim m th
Vy m < 0 hay m >
Cu 6.
2 - 3m
m
2 - 3m
2
< 0 m < 0 hoac m >
m
3
2
.
3
1
3
Cho hm s y = mx 3 + (m - 1) x 2 + (4m - 3) x + 1
(Cm).

2) Tm cc gi tr m sao cho trn (Cm) tn ti ng hai im c honh dng m tip
tuyn ti vung gc vi ng thng d : x + 2 y - 3 = 0 .
1
2
3
2
Ta c: y = mx 2 + 2(m - 1) x + 4 - 3m ; d : y = - x + .
YCBT phng trnh y = 2 c ng 2 nghim dng phn bit
mx 2 + 2(m - 1) x + 2 - 3m = 0 c ng 2 nghim dng phn bit

m 0
1
0 < m < 2
D > 0

.
S > 0
1 < m < 2
2
P > 0
3
1
2
1 2
2 3
Vy m 0; ; .
Cho hm s y = x 3 - mx + m - 1 (Cm).
2) Tm m tip tuyn ca th (Cm) ti im M c honh x = -1 ct ng trn (C) c
phng trnh ( x - 2)2 + ( y - 3)2 = 4 theo mt dy cung c di nh nht.
Cu 7.
Ta c: y = 3 x 2 - m y(-1) = 3 - m ; y(-1) = 2m - 2 . (C) c tm I(2;3) , R = 2.

PTTT d ti M (-1;2m - 2) : y = (3 - m) x + m + 1 (3 - m) x - y + m + 1 = 0
d (I , d ) =
4-m
(3 - m)2 + 1
1 + (3 - m)
(3 - m)2 + 1
2. (3 - m)2 + 1
(3 - m)2 + 1
= 2<R
Du "=" xy ra m = 2 . D d ( I , d ) t ln nht m = 2
Tip tuyn d ct (C) ti 2 im A, B sao cho AB ngn nht d ( I , d ) t ln nht m = 2
Khi : PTTT d: y = x + 3 .
Cu hi tng t:
1
5
5
2
a) y = x 3 - mx + m - 1; x M = 1;(C ) : ( x - 2)2 + ( y - 3)2 = . S: m = 1; m = .

Cho hm s y = 3 x - x 3 (C).
2) Tm trn ng thng (d): y = - x cc im M m t k c ng 2 tip tuyn phn
bit vi th (C).
Gi M (m; -m) d . PT ng thng D qua M c dng: y = k ( x - m) - m .
Cu 8.
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
D l tip tuyn ca (C) h PT sau c nghim: 3 x - x2 = k ( x - m) - m (1) (*)
3 - 3 x = k
Thay (2) vo (1) ta c: 2 x 3 - 3mx 2 + 4m = 0 m =
2 x3
3x 2 - 4
(2)
(**)
T M k c ng 2 tip tuyn vi (C) (**) c 2 nghim phn bit

Xt hm s f ( x ) =
f ( x ) =
6 x 4 - 24 x 2
2
(3 x - 4)
2 x3
3x 2 - 4
2 3 2 3
;
3
3
. Tp xc nh D = R \ -
; f ( x ) = 0 x = 0
x = 2
Da vo BBT, (**) c 2 nghim phn bit m = -2 . Vy: M(-2;2) hoc M(2; -2) .
m = 2
Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x + 2 .
2) Tm trn ng thng d : y = 4 cc im m t k c ng 2 tip tuyn vi (C).
Cu 9.
Gi M (m;4) d . PT ng thng D qua M c dng: y = k ( x - m) + 4

3
D l tip tuyn ca (C) h PT sau c nghim: x 2- 3 x + 2 = k ( x - m) + 4
3 x - 3 = k
Thay (2) vo (1) ta c: ( x + 1) 2 x 2 - (3m + 2) x + 3m + 2 = 0
(1)
(2)
(*)
(3)
x = -1
2
2 x - (3m + 2) x + 3m + 2 = 0
(4)
YCBT (3) c ng 2 nghim phn bit

+ TH1: (4) c 2 nghim phn bit, trong c 1 nghim bng 1 m = -1
+ TH2: (4) c nghim kp khc 1 m = 2
3
2
m=2
3
Vy cc im cn tm l: (-1;4) ; - ;4 ; (2;4) .
Cu 10. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 2 x 2 + (m - 1) x + 2m
(Cm).
2) Tm m t im M(1;2) k c ng 2 tip tuyn vi (Cm).
PT ng thng D qua M c dng: y = k ( x - 1) + 2 . D l tip tuyn ca (Cm) h PT sau

2
3
c nghim: x 2- 2 x + (m - 1) x + 2m = k ( x - 1) + 2
3 x - 4 x + m - 1 = k
f ( x ) = 2 x 3 - 5 x 2 + 4 x - 3(m - 1) = 0
(*)
qua M k c ng hai tip tuyn n (Cm) th (*) c ng 2 nghim phn bit
2
3
2 109
Cc im cc tr ca (Cm) l: A(1;4 - 3m), B ;

- 3m .
3 27
4
m = 3
A Ox
Do (*) c ng 2 nghim phn bit
.
B Ox
m = 109
81
Ta c f ( x ) = 6 x 2 - 10 x + 4 f ( x ) = 0 x = 1; x =
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
Cu 11. Cho hm s y = - x 3 + 3 x 2 - 2
(C).
2) Tm trn ng thng (d): y = 2 cc im m t k c 3 tip tuyn phn bit vi
th (C).
Gi M (m;2) (d ) . PT ng thng D i qua im M c dng : y = k ( x - m) + 2
2
- 3
D l tip tuyn ca (C) h PT sau c nghim x 2+ 3 x - 2 = k ( x - m) + 2
-3 x + 6 x = k
(1)
(2)
(*).
Thay (2) v (1) ta c: 2 x 3 - 3(m + 1) x 2 + 6mx - 4 = 0 ( x - 2) 2 x 2 - (3m - 1) x + 2 = 0

x = 2

2
f ( x ) = 2 x - (3m - 1) x + 2 = 0 (3)
T M k c 3 tip tuyn n th (C) h (*) c 3 nghim x phn bit
D > 0
(3) c hai nghim phn bit khc 2
m < -1 m > 3 .
f (2) 0
m 2
Vy t cc im M(m; 2) (d) vi m < -1 m > 3 c th k c 3 tip tuyn vi (C).

m 2
Cu hi tng t:
a) y = - x 3 + 3 x 2 - 2, d Ox .
m > 2
S: M (m;0) vi
2
-1 m < 3
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Dng 2: Tip tuyn ca th hm s trng phng y = ax 4 + bx 2 + c

Cu 12. Cho hm s y = f ( x ) = x 4 - 2 x 2 .

2) Trn (C) ly hai im phn bit A v B c honh ln lt l a v b. Tm iu kin i
vi a v b hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B song song vi nhau.
Ta c: f '( x ) = 4 x 3 - 4 x
H s gc tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B l k A = f '(a) = 4a3 - 4a, kB = f '(b) = 4b3 - 4b
Tip tuyn ti A, B ln lt c phng trnh l:
y = f (a)( x - a) + f (a) y = f (a) x + f (a) - af (a)
y = f (b)( x - b) + f (b) y = f (b) x + f (b) - bf (b)
Hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B song song hoc trng nhau khi v ch khi:
k A = kB 4a 3 - 4a = 4b3 - 4b (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2 - 1) = 0
(1)
V A v B phn bit nn a b , do (1) a2 + ab + b2 - 1 = 0
(2)
Mt khc hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B trng nhau khi v ch khi:
a2 + ab + b2 - 1 = 0
a2 + ab + b2 - 1 = 0
( a b)
4
2
4
2
-3a + 2a = -3b + 2b
f (a) - af (a) = f (b) - bf (b)
Gii h ny ta c nghim l (a; b) = (-1;1) hoc (a; b) = (1; -1) , hai nghim ny tng ng
vi cng mt cp im trn th l (-1; -1) v (1; -1)
Vy iu kin cn v hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B song song vi nhau l:

a2 + ab + b2 - 1 = 0
a 1; a b
Cu 13. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2mx 2 + m (1) , m l tham s.

2) Gi A l mt im thuc th hm s (1) c honh bng 1. Tm m khong cch t
3
im B ; 1 n tip tuyn ca th hm s (1) ti A l ln nht .

4
A (Cm) nn A(1;1 - m) . y ' = 4 x 3 - 4mx y '(1) = 4 - 4m

Phng trnh tip tuyn ca (Cm) ti A: y - (1 - m) = y(1).( x - 1) (4 - 4m) x - y - 3(1 - m) = 0
Khi d ( B; D) =
-1
16(1 - m)2 + 1
1 , Du = xy ra khi m = 1.
Do d ( B; D) ln nht bng 1 khi v ch khi m = 1.

2
Cu 14. Cho hm s y = ( x + 1) . ( x - 1)

2) Cho im A(a;0) . Tm a t A k c 3 tip tuyn phn bit vi th (C).
Ta c y = x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 . PT ng thng d i qua A(a;0) v c h s gc k : y = k ( x - a)

x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 = k ( x - a)
d l tip tuyn ca (C) h phng trnh sau c nghim:
k = 0
( A)
2
x -1 = 0
Ta c: (I )
hoc 4 x( x - 1)2= k
4 x3 - 4x = k
f ( x ) = 3 x - 4ax + 1 = 0 (1)
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(I )
( B)
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
+ T h (A), ch cho ta mt tip tuyn duy nht l d1 : y = 0 .

+ Vy t A k c 3 tip tuyn phn bit vi (C) th iu kin cn v l h (B) phi
c 2 nghim phn bit ( x; k ) vi x 1 , tc l phng trnh (1) phi c 2 nghim phn bit
2

3
3
khc 1 D = 4a - 3 > 0 -1 a < hoac 1 a >
f (1) 0
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng

Dng 3: Tip tuyn ca th hm s nht bin y =
Cu 15. Cho hm s y =
ax + b
cx + d
2x + 3
c th l (C).
x +1

2) Lp phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) ti nhng im thuc th c khong cch
n ng thng d : 3 x + 4 y - 2 = 0 bng 2.
Gi s M ( x0 ; y0 ) (C ) y0 =
Ta c: d ( M , d ) = 2
2 x0 + 3
.
x0 + 1
3 x0 + 4 y0 - 2
= 2 3 x0 + 4 y0 - 12 = 0 hoc 3 x0 + 4 y0 + 8 = 0
32 + 42
x0 = 0 M1(0;3)
x = 1 M 1 ; 11
2
0 3
3 4
7
x0 = -5 M3 -5;
2 x0 + 3
4
Vi 3 x0 + 4 y0 + 8 = 0 3x0 + 4
+ 8 = 0
4
4
x
+
1
x = - M4 - ; -1
0
3
3
2 x0 + 3
- 12 = 0
x0 + 1
Vi 3 x0 + 4 y0 - 12 = 0 3 x0 + 4
1 11
PTTT ti M1(0;3) l y = - x + 3 ;
23
PTTT ti M3 -5; l y = - x + ;
4
16
16
Cu 16. Cho hm s y =
47
PTTT ti M2 ; l y = - x + ;
16
16
3 4
4
PTTT ti M4 - ; -1 l y = -9 x - 13 .
3
2x -1
.
x -1

2) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C), bit khong cch t im I(1; 2) n tip tuyn bng
2.
Tip tuyn ca (C) ti im M ( x0 ; f ( x0 )) (C ) c phng trnh:
y = f '( x0 )( x - x0 ) + f ( x0 ) x + ( x0 - 1)2 y - 2 x02 + 2 x0 - 1 = 0 (*)
Khong cch t im I(1; 2) n tip tuyn (*) bng
2 - 2 x0
x = 0
= 2 0
x0 = 2
1 + ( x0 - 1)4
Cc tip tuyn cn tm : x + y - 1 = 0 v x + y - 5 = 0
Cu 17. Cho hm s y =
2x
(C).
x+2

2) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C), bit rng khong cch t tm i xng ca
th (C) n tip tuyn l ln nht.
Tip tuyn (d) ca th (C) ti im M c honh a -2 thuc (C) c phng trnh:
y=
4
(a + 2)2
( x - a) +
2a
4 x - (a + 2)2 y + 2a2 = 0
a+2
Tm i xng ca (C) l I ( -2;2 ) . Ta c:

d (I , d ) =
8 a+2
16 + (a + 2)4
8 a+2
2.4.(a + 2)2
8 a+2
2 2 a+2
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
a = 0
d ( I , d ) ln nht khi (a + 2)2 = 4
.
a = -4
T suy ra c hai tip tuyn y = x v y = x + 8 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi y =
x
.
x -1
S: y = - x; y = - x + 4 .
Cu 18. Cho hm s y =
2x + 1
.
x +1

2) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C), bit rng tip tuyn cch u hai im
A(2; 4), B(-4; -2).
Gi x0 l honh tip im ( x0 -1 ).
PTTT (d) l y =
1
2
( x0 + 1)
( x - x0 ) +
2 x0 + 1
x - ( x0 + 1)2 y + 2 x02 + 2 x0 + 1 = 0
x0 + 1
Ta c: d ( A, d ) = d (B, d ) 2 - 4( x0 + 1)2 + 2 x02 + 2 x0 + 1 = -4 + 2( x0 + 1)2 + 2 x02 + 2 x0 + 1
x0 = 1 x0 = 0 x0 = -2
1
4
5
4
Vy c ba phng trnh tip tuyn: y = x + ; y = x + 1; y = x + 5
Cu 19. Cho hm s y =
2x -1
.
x -1

2) Gi I l giao im hai tim cn ca (C). Tm im M thuc (C) sao cho tip tuyn ca (C)
ti M vung gc vi ng thng MI.
Giao im ca hai tim cn l I(1; 2). Gi M(a; b) (C) b =

PTTT ca (C) ti M: y = -
1
2
( x - a) +
(a - 1)
1
PT ng thng MI: y =
( x - 1) + 2
(a - 1)2
2a - 1
(a 1)
a -1
2a - 1
a -1
Tip tuyn ti M vung gc vi MI nn ta c: -
a = 0 (b = 1)
= -1
a = 2 (b = 3)
(a - 1) (a - 1)
2
Vy c 2 im cn tm M1(0; 1), M2(2; 3)

Cu 20. Cho hm s y =
(2m - 1) x - m2
.
x -1

2) Tm m th ca hm s tip xc vi ng thng y = x .
TX: D = R \ {1}.
(2m - 1) x - m 2
=x
x
1
th tip xc vi ng thng y = x th:
2
(m - 1) = 1
( x - 1)2
(*)
(**)
T (**) ta c (m - 1)2 = ( x - 1)2 x = m

x = 2 - m
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Vi x = m, thay vo (*) ta c: 0m = 0 (tho vi mi m). V x 1 nn m 1.

Vi x = 2 m, thay vo (*) ta c: (2m - 1)(2 - m) - m 2 = (2 - m)(2 - m - 1)
4(m - 1)2 = 0 m = 1 x = 1 (loi)
Vy vi m 1 th th hm s tip xc vi ng thng y = x .
Cu 21. Cho hm s: y =
x+2
(C).
x -1

2) Cho im A(0; a) . Tm a t A k c 2 tip tuyn ti th (C) sao cho 2 tip im
tng ng nm v 2 pha ca trc honh.
Phng trnh ng thng d i qua A(0; a) v c h s gc k: y = kx + a
x +2
= kx + a
d l tip tuyn ca (C) H PT x - 1 -3

c nghim
k =
( x - 1)2
PT: (1 - a) x 2 + 2(a + 2) x - (a + 2) = 0 (1) c nghim x 1 .

qua A c 2 tip tuyn th (1) phi c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2
a 1
a 1
a > -2
D = 3a + 6 > 0
Khi ta c: x1 + x2 =
(*)
2(a + 2)
a+2
3
3
; x1 x2 =
v y1 = 1 +
; y2 = 1 +
x1 - 1
x2 - 1
a -1
a -1
2 tip im nm v 2 pha i vi trc honh th y1.y2 < 0
1 +
x1.x2 + 2( x1 + x2 ) + 4
3
3
2
< 0 3a + 2 > 0 a > .1 +
<0
x1 - 1
x2 - 1
x1.x2 - ( x1 + x2 ) + 1
3
Kt hp vi iu kin (*) ta c: a > - 3 .

a 1
Cu 22. Cho hm s y =
x+2
.
x +1

2) Gi I l giao im ca 2 ng tim cn, D l mt tip tuyn bt k ca th (C). d l
khong cch t I n D . Tm gi tr ln nht ca d.
-1
x +2
. Giao im ca hai ng tim cn l I(1; 1). Gi s M x0 ; 0

(C )
x0 + 1
( x + 1)
Phng trnh tip tuyn D vi thi hm s ti M l:
y =
y=
-1
( x0 + 1)
( x - x0 ) +
x0 + 2
2
x + ( x0 + 1) y - x0 - ( x0 + 1)( x0 + 2 ) = 0
x0 + 1
Khong cch t I n D l d =
Vy GTLN ca d bng
2 khi
2 x0 + 1
1 + ( x0 + 1)
( x0 + 1)
+ ( x0 + 1)
x0 = 0 hoc x0 = -2 .
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Trn S Tng
Cu 23. Cho hm s y =
Kho st hm s
-x + 1
.
2x -1

2) Chng minh rng vi mi m, ng thng d : y = x + m lun ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit
A, B. Gi k1, k2 ln lt l h s gc ca cc tip tuyn vi (C) ti A v B. Tm m tng
k1 + k2 t gi tr ln nht.
PT honh giao im ca d v (C):
1
-x + 1
x
= x+m
2
2x - 1
g( x ) = 2 x 2 + 2mx - m - 1 = 0 (*)
D = m 2 + 2m + 2 > 0, "m
g
V 1
nn (*) lun c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 .
g 0
2
-m - 1
Theo nh l Viet ta c: x1 + x2 = -m; x1x2 =
. Gi s: A( x1; y1 ), B( x2 ; y2 ) .
2
1
1
Tip tuyn ti A v B c h s gc l: k1 = ;k = 2 2
(2 x1 - 1)
(2 x2 - 1)2
k1 + k2 = -4(m + 1)2 - 2 -2 . Du "=" xy ra m = -1 .

Vy: k1 + k2 t GTLN bng -2 khi m = -1 .
Cu 24. Cho hm s y =
x+2
2x + 3
(1).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1).

2) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s (1), bit tip tuyn ct trc honh, trc
tung ln lt ti hai im phn bit A, B v tam gic OAB cn ti gc ta O.
Gi ( x0 ; y0 ) l to ca tip im y ( x0 ) =
-1
(2 x0 + 3)2
<0
DOAB cn ti O nn tip tuyn D song song vi ng thng y = - x (v tip tuyn c h s

x0 = -1 y0 = 1
= -1
x0 = -2 y0 = 0
(2 x0 + 3)2
+ Vi x0 = -1; y0 = 1 D: y - 1 = -( x + 1) y = - x (loi)
gc m). Ngha l: y ( x0 ) =
-1
+ Vi x0 = -2; y0 = 0 D: y - 0 = -( x + 2) y = - x - 2 (nhn)
Vy phng trnh tip tuyn cn tm l: y = - x - 2 .
Cu 25. Cho hm s y =
2x -1
.
x -1

2) Lp phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) sao cho tip tuyn ny ct cc trc Ox, Oy ln
lt ti cc im A v B tho mn OA = 4OB.
Gi s tip tuyn d ca (C) ti M ( x0 ; y0 ) (C ) ct Ox ti A, Oy ti B sao cho OA = 4OB .
OB 1
1
1
= H s gc ca d bng
hoc - .
OA 4
4
4
3
x0 = -1 ( y0 = 2 )
1
1
1
H s gc ca d l y ( x0 ) = <0=-
4
( x0 - 1)2
( x0 - 1)2
x = 3 (y = 5 )
0
0
2
Do DOAB vung ti O nn tan A =
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
1
3
1
5
y = - 4 ( x + 1) + 2
y = - 4 x + 4
Khi c 2 tip tuyn tho mn l:
.
y = - 1 ( x - 3) + 5
y = - 1 x + 13
4
2
4
4
Cu 26. Cho hm s y =
2x
.
x -2

2) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C), bit tip tuyn ny ct cc trc Ox, Oy ln lt ti A
v B sao cho AB = OA 2 .
Gi M ( x0 ; y0 ) (C ), x0 2 . PTTT ti M: y =
-4
2
( x0 - 2)
( x - x0 ) +
2 x0
x0 - 2
Tam gic vung OAB c AB = OA 2 nn DOAB vung cn ti O. Do d vung gc vi

mt trong hai ng phn gic d1 : y = x; d2 : y = - x v khng i qua O.
+ Nu d ^ d1 th
+ Nu d ^ d2 th
-4
( x0 - 2)2
-4
( x0 - 2)2
= -1 x0 = 4 d : y = - x + 8 .
= 1 v nghim.
Vy PTTT cn tm l: y = - x + 8 .
Cu 27. Cho hm s y =
x +1
.
2x -1

2) Tm gi tr nh nht ca m sao cho tn ti t nht mt im M (C) m tip tuyn ca (C)
ti M to vi hai trc to mt tam gic c trng tm nm trn ng thng d : y = 2m - 1 .
Gi M ( x0 ; y0 ) (C ) . PTTT ti M: y =
-3
(2 x0 - 1)2
( x - x 0 ) + y0
Gi A, B l giao im ca tip tuyn vi trc honh v trc tung yB =

T trng tm G ca DOAB c: yG =
Mt khc:
2 x02 + 4 x0 - 1
(2 x0 - 1)2
2 x02 + 4 x0 - 1
3(2 x0 - 1)2
6 x02 - (2 x0 - 1)2
(2 x0 - 1)2
6 x02
(2 x0 - 1)2
. V G d nn
2 x02 + 4 x0 - 1
(2 x0 - 1)2
2 x02 + 4 x0 - 1
3(2 x0 - 1)2
= 2m - 1
- 1 -1
1
3
1
3
Do tn ti t nht mt im M tho YCBT th 2m - 1 - m .

Vy GTNN ca m l
Cu 28. Cho hm s y =
1
.
3
2x - 3
(C).
x -2

2) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ti im M thuc (C) bit tip tuyn ct tim cn ng v
tim cn ngang ln lt ti A, B sao cho csin gc
ABI bng
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17
, vi I l giao 2 tim cn.
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
2x - 3
I(2; 2). Gi M x0 ; 0 (C ) , x0 2
x0 - 2
Phng trnh tip tuyn D ti M:
y=
Giao im ca D vi cc tim cn: A 2;
Do cos
ABI =
4
17
nn tan
ABI =
1
2
( x0 - 2)
( x - x0 ) +
2 x0 - 3
x0 - 2
2 x0 - 2
, B(2 x0 - 2;2) .
x0 - 2
x = 0
1 IA
=
IB 2 = 16.IA2 ( x0 - 2)4 = 16 0
4 IB
x0 = 4
3
1
3
2
4
2
5
1
7
Ti M 4; phng trnh tip tuyn: y = - x +
4
2
3
Kt lun: Ti M 0; phng trnh tip tuyn: y = - x +
Cu hi tng t:
a) y =
3x - 2
5
;cos
BAI =
.
x +1
26
Cu 29. Cho hm s y =
S: D: y = 5 x - 2 hoc D: y = 5 x + 2 .
2x - 3
c th (C).
x -2

2) Tm trn (C) nhng im M sao cho tip tuyn ti M ca (C) ct hai tim cn ca (C) ti
A, B sao cho AB ngn nht.
1
Ly im M m; 2 +
( C ) . Ta c: y (m) = m-2
Tip tuyn (d) ti M c phng trnh:
y=-
1
(m - 2)2
1
2
(m - 2)
( x - m) + 2 +
1
m-2
Giao im ca (d) vi tim cn ng l: A 2;2 +
m-2
Giao im ca (d) vi tim cn ngang l: B(2m - 2;2)
8 . Du = xy ra
(m - 2)2
Vy im M cn tm c ta l: M(3;3) hoc M(1;1)
Ta c: AB2 = 4 (m - 2)2 +
m = 3
m = 1
Cu 30. Cho hm s

2) Gi M l im bt k trn (C), I l giao im ca cc ng tim cn. Tip tuyn d ca
(C) ti M ct cc ng tim cn ti A v B. Tm to im M sao cho ng trn ngoi
tip tam gic IAB c din tch bng 2p .
2x - 3
2x - 3
-1
Ta c: I(2; 2). Gi M x0 ; 0 (C ), x0 2 . PTTT d: y =

( x - x0 ) + 0
2
2
x
x0 - 2
( x0 - 2)
0
2x - 2
d ct 2 tim cn ti A 2; 0
, B(2 x0 - 2;2) .
x0 - 2
DIAB vung ti I v S( IAB ) = 2p ( x0 - 2)2 +
x = 1 M (1;1)
=2 0
( x0 - 2)
x0 = 3 M (3;3)
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Kho st hm s
Cu 31. Cho hm s y =
2x - 3
.
x -2
Trn S Tng

2) Gi M l im bt k trn (C). Tip tuyn ca (C) ti M ct cc ng tim cn ca (C)
ti A v B. Gi I l giao im ca cc ng tim cn. Tm to im M sao cho ng
trn ngoi tip tam gic IAB c din tch nh nht.
2x - 3
-1
Gi s M x0 ; 0 (C ) x0 2 , y '( x0 ) =
2
x0 - 2
( x0 - 2 )
Phng trnh tip tuyn (D) vi ( C) ti M: y =
-1
( x0 - 2 )
( x - x0 ) +
2 x0 - 3
x0 - 2
2x - 2
To giao im A, B ca (D) vi hai tim cn l: A 2; 0

; B ( 2 x0 - 2;2 )
x0 - 2
Ta thy
y + yB 2 x 0 - 3
x A + x B 2 + 2 x0 - 2
=
= yM M l trung im ca AB.
=
= x0 = x M , A
2
x0 - 2
2
2
Mt khc I(2; 2) v DIAB vung ti I nn ng trn ngoi tip tam gic IAB c din tch
2

1
2 2 x0 - 3
2p
S = p IM = p ( x0 - 2) +
- 2 = p ( x0 - 2)2 +

x0 - 2
( x0 - 2)2
x = 1
1
Du = xy ra khi ( x0 - 2)2 =
0
2
( x - 2)
x0 = 3
2
Do im M cn tm l M(1; 1) hoc M(3; 3).

Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi y =
3x + 2
. S: M (0;1), M (-4;5) .
x+2
2mx + 3
.
x-m
Cu 32. Cho hm s y =

2) Gi I l giao im ca hai tim cn ca (C). Tm m tip tuyn ti mt dim bt k ca
(C) ct hai tim cn ti A v B sao cho DIAB c din tch S = 64 .
(C) c tim cn ng x = m , tim cn ngang y = 2m . Giao im 2 tim cn l I (m;2m) .
2m2 + 3
2mx + 3
2mx + 3
0
0
Gi M x0 ;
( x - x0 ) +
.
(C ) . PTTT D ca (C) ti M: y =
2
x
m
x
( x0 - m )
0 m
0
D ct TC ti A m;
Ta c: IA =
2mx0 + 2m 2 + 6
, ct TCN ti B(2 x0 - m;2m) .
x0 - m
4m + 6
1
58
; IB = 2 x0 - m SIAB = IA.IB = 4m2 + 6 = 64 m =
.
x0 + m
2
2
Cu 33. Cho hm s y =
x
.
x -1

2) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C), bit tip tuyn to vi 2 ng tim cn ca (C)
mt tam gic c chu vi P = 2 ( 2 + 2 ) .
(C) c tim cn ng x = 1 , tim cn ngang y = 1 . Giao im 2 tim cn l I(1;1) .
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s

x
Gi M x0 ; 0 (C ) ( x0 1) . PTTT D ca (C) ti M: y = ( x - x0 ) + 0 .
2
x
1
x0 - 1
( x0 - 1)
0
x0 + 1
, ct TCN ti B(2 x0 - 1;1) .
x
1
0
D ct TC ti A 1;
Ta c: PIAB = IA + IB + AB =
2
1
+ 2 x0 - 1 + 2 ( x0 - 1)2 +
4+2 2
x0 - 1
( x0 - 1)2
x0 = 0
.
x0 = 1
Du "=" xy ra x0 - 1 = 1
+ Vi x0 = 0 PTTT D: y = - x ;
Cu 34. Cho hm s y =
+ Vi x0 = 2 PTTT D: y = - x + 4 .
2x + 1
c th (C).
x -1

2) Gi I l giao im ca hai tim cn. Tm im M thuc (C) sao cho tip tuyn ca (C) ti
M ct 2 tim cn ti A v B vi chu vi tam gic IAB t gi tr nh nht.
Giao im ca 2 tim cn l I(1;2) . Gi M x0 ;2 +
+ PTTT ti M c dng: y =
-3
2
( x0 - 1)
( x - x0 ) + 2 +
3
(C).
x0 - 1
3
x0 - 1
+ To cc giao im ca tip tuyn vi 2 tim cn: A 1;2 +
1
2
6
, B (2 x0 - 1;2)
x0 - 1
1
6
2 x0 - 1 = 2.3 = 6 (vdt)
2 x0 - 1
+ Ta c: SDIAB = IA.IB =
+ DIAB vung c din tch khng i chu vi DIAB t gi tr nh nht khi IA= IB
x = 1+ 3
6
= 2 x0 - 1 0
x0 - 1
x0 = 1 - 3
Vy c hai im M tha mn iu kin M1 (1 + 3;2 + 3 ) , M2 (1 - 3;2 - 3 )

Khi chu vi DAIB = 4 3 + 2 6 .
Ch : Vi 2 s dng a, b tho ab = S (khng i) th biu thc P = a + b + a2 + b2 nh
nht khi v ch khi a = b.
Tht vy: P = a + b + a2 + b2 2 ab + 2ab = (2 + 2) ab = (2 + 2) S .
Du "=" xy ra a = b.
Cu hi tng t:
a) y =
2x -1
.
x -1
Cu 35. Cho hm s y =
S: M1(0; -1), M2 (2;3) .

x -2
.
x +1

2) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C), bit tip tuyn ct 2 tim cn ti A v B sao cho bn
knh ng trn ni tip tam gic IAB l ln nht, vi I l giao im ca 2 tim cn.
(C) c TC x = -1 , TCN y = 1 . Giao im 2 tim cn l I(-1;1) .
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng

x -2
x -2
Gi M x0 ; 0
.
( x - x0 ) + 0
(C ) . PTTT D ca (C) ti M: y =
2
x
+
1
x0 + 1
( x0 + 1)
0
D ct hai tim cn ti A -1;
x0 - 5
6
; IB = 2 x0 + 1 .
, B(2 x0 + 1;1) . Ta c: IA =
x0 + 1
x0 + 1
1
SIAB = IA.IB = 6 . Gi p, r l na chu vi v bn knh ng trn ni tip ca DIAB.
2
S 6
Ta c: S = pr r = = . Do r ln nht p nh nht. Mt khc DIAB vung ti I nn:
p p
2 p = IA + IB + AB = IA + IB + IA 2 + IB 2 2 IA.IB + 2 IA.IB = 4 3 + 2 6 .
Du "=" xy ra IA = IB ( x0 + 1)2 = 3 x0 = -1 3 .
+ Vi x = -1 - 3 PTTT D: y = x + 2 (1 + 3 )
+ Vi x = -1 + 3 PTTT D: y = x + 2 (1 - 3 )
Cu 36. Cho hm s y =
2x + 1
.
x -1

2) Tm trn hai nhnh ca th (C), cc im M, N sao cho cc tip tuyn ti M v N ct
hai ng tim cn ti 4 im lp thnh mt hnh thang.
Gi M (m; yM ), N (n; yN ) l 2 im thuc 2 nhnh ca (C). Tip tuyn ti M ct hai tim cn
ti A, B. Tip tuyn ti N ct hai tim cn ti C, D.
2m + 4
, B(2m - 1;2) .
m -1
PTTT ti M c dng: y = y(m).( x - m) + yM A 1;

2n + 4
, D (2n - 1;2) .
n -1
Tng t: C 1;
Hai ng thng AD v BC u c h s gc: k =
-3
nn AD // BC.
(m - 1)(n - 1)
Vy mi im M, N thuc 2 nhnh ca (C) u tho mn YCBT.

Cu 37. Cho hm s y =
x +3
.
x -1

2) Cho im Mo ( xo ; yo ) thuc th (C). Tip tuyn ca (C) ti M0 ct cc tim cn ca (C)
ti cc im A v B. Chng minh Mo l trung im ca on thng AB.
Mo ( xo ; yo ) (C) y0 = 1 +
4
4
. PTTT (d) ti M0 : y - y0 = ( x - x0 )
x0 - 1
( x0 - 1)2
Giao im ca (d) vi cc tim cn l: A(2 x0 - 1;1), B(1;2 y0 - 1) .
x A + xB
y + yB
= x0 ; A
= y0 M0 l trung im AB.
2
2
x+2
(C)
x -1

2) Chng minh rng mi tip tuyn ca th (C) u lp vi hai ng tim cn mt tam
gic c din tch khng i.
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
Gi s M a;
a+2
(C).
a -1
PTTT (d) ca (C) ti M: y = y (a).( x - a) +
a+2
-3
a 2 + 4a - 2
y=
x+
a -1
(a - 1)2
(a - 1) 2
a+5
, B(2a - 1;1) .
a -1
Cc giao im ca (d) vi cc tim cn l: A 1;
6
6
IA = 0;
; IB = (2a - 2;0) IB = 2 a - 1
IA =
a -1
a -1
1
Din tch DIAB : S DIAB = IA.IB = 6 (vdt) PCM.
2
Cu hi tng t:
a) y =
2x - 4
x +1
S: S = 12.
Cu 39. Cho hm s y =
2x -1
.
1- x

2) Gi I l giao im ca hai ng tim cn, A l im trn (C) c honh l a. Tip
tuyn ti A ca (C) ct hai ng tim cn ti P v Q. Chng t rng A l trung im ca
PQ v tnh din tch tam gic IPQ.
I (1; -2), A a;
2a - 1
1
2a - 1
( x - a) +
. PT tip tuyn d ti A: y =
1- a
1- a
(1 - a)2
2a
1- a
Giao im ca tim cn ngang v tip tuyn d: Q(2a - 1; -2)
Giao im ca tim cn ng v tip tuyn d: P 1;
Ta c: xP + xQ = 2a = 2 x A . Vy A l trung im ca PQ.
IP =
2a
2
+2 =
; IQ = 2(a - 1) . Suy ra:
1- a
1- a
Cu 40. Cho hm s y =
SIPQ =
1
IP.IQ = 2 (vdt)
2
2x -1
.
x +1

2) Gi I l giao im ca hai ng tim cn ca (C). Tm trn th (C), im M c honh
dng sao cho tip tuyn ti M vi th (C) ct hai ng tim cn ti A v B tho
mn: IA2 + IB 2 = 40 .
2x - 1
(C) c TC: x = -1 ; TCX: y = 2 I(1; 2). Gi s M x0 ; 0 (C), (x0 > 0).

x0 + 1
PTTT vi (C) ti M: y =
3
2
( x0 + 1)
( x - x0 ) +
2x - 4
2 x0 - 1
A -1; 0
, B ( (2 x0 + 1;2 ) .
x0 + 1
x0 + 1
36
+ 4( x0 + 1)2 = 40
IA + IB = 40 ( x0 + 1)2
x0 = 2 (y0 = 1) M(2; 1).
x > 0
0
2
Cu 41. Cho hm s y =
x +1
(C).
x -1
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng

2) Tm trn Oy tt c cc im t k c duy nht mt tip tuyn ti (C).
Gi M (0; yo ) l im cn tm. PT ng thng qua M c dng: y = kx + yo (d)
x +1
( y - 1) x 2 - 2( y + 1) x + y + 1 = 0 (1)
x - 1 = kx + yo
o
o
o
(*)
(d) l tip tuyn ca (C) -2
-2
=k
=k
x 1;
( x - 1)2
( x - 1)2
YCBT h (*) c 1 nghim (1) c 1 nghim khc 1
y = 1 y 1
1
o
o
x = ; yo = 1 k = -8
1
2
2
x = 0;
D ' = ( yo + 1) - ( yo - 1)( yo + 1) = 0
x = 2
yo = -1 k = -2
Vy c 2 im cn tm l: M(0; 1) v M(0; 1).

Cu 42. Cho hm s y =
x +3
(C).
x -1

2) Tm trn ng thng d : y = 2 x + 1 cc im t k c duy nht mt tip tuyn ti
(C).
Gi M (m;2m + 1) d . PT ng thng D qua M c dng: y = k ( x - m) + 2m + 1
PT honh giao im ca D v (C): k ( x - m) + 2m + 1 =
kx 2 - [(m + 1)k - 2m ] x + [ mk - (2m + 4)] = 0
x+3
x -1
(*)
k 0
2
D = [(m + 1)k - 2m ] - 4k [ mk - (2m + 4)] = 0
D tip xuc vi (C) (*) c nghim kp
k 0
2 2
2
2
g(k ) = (m - 1) k - 4(m - m - 4)k + 4m = 0
Qua M (m;2m + 1) d k c ng 1 tip tuyn n (C)
g(k ) = 0
m = 0
m = -1
m = 2
m = 1
D = -32(m 2 - m - 2) > 0; g(0) = 4m2 = 0
c ng 1 nghim k 0 D = -32(m 2 - m - 2) > 0; g(0) = 4m2 = 0
1
m - 1 = 0 16k + 4 = 0 k = - 4
M (0;1)
M (-1; -1)
M (2;5)
M (1;3)
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
KSHS 05: BIN LUN S NGHIM CA PHNG TRNH

Cho hm s y = - x 3 + 3 x 2 + 1 .
2) Tm m phng trnh x 3 - 3 x 2 = m3 - 3m2 c ba nghim phn bit.
Cu 1.
PT x 3 - 3 x 2 = m3 - 3m2 - x 3 + 3 x 2 + 1 = -m3 + 3m2 + 1 . t k = -m3 + 3m 2 + 1

S nghim ca PT bng s giao im ca th (C) vi ng thng d: y = k
Da vo th (C) ta c PT c 3 nghim phn bit 1 < k < 5 m (-1;3) \ { 0;2}
Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 2 .
Cu 2.
m
.
x -1
2) Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh : x 2 - 2 x - 2 =
Ta c x 2 - 2 x - 2 =
m
( x 2 - 2 x - 2 ) x - 1 = m, x 1. Do s nghim ca phng trnh
x -1
bng s giao im ca y = ( x 2 - 2 x - 2 ) x - 1 , (C ') v ng thng y = m, x 1.

Vi y = ( x 2 - 2 x - 2 ) x - 1 = f ( x )
khi x > 1
nn ( C ' ) bao gm:
- f ( x ) khi x < 1
+ Gi nguyn th (C) bn phi ng thng x = 1.

+ Ly i xng th (C) bn tri ng thng x = 1 qua Ox.
Da vo th ta c:
m < 2
m = 2
2 < m < 0
m0
v nghim
2 nghim kp 4 nghim phn bit 2 nghim phn bit
Cho hm s y = x 4 - 5 x 2 + 4 c th (C).
Cu 3.
2) Tm m phng trnh x 4 - 5 x 2 + 4 = log12 m c 6 nghim.

9
Da vo th ta c PT c 6 nghim log12 m =
9
m = 12 4 = 144 4 12 .
4
Cho hm s: y = x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 .
2) Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh: x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 + log2 m = 0
Cu 4.
x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 + log2 m = 0 x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 = - log2 m
(m > 0)
(*)
+ S nghim ca (*) l s giao im ca 2 th y = x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 v y = - log2 m

+ T th suy ra:
0<m<
1
2
2 nghim
m=
1
2
3 nghim
1
< m <1
2
m =1
m >1
4 nghim
2 nghim
v nghim
Cho hm s y = f ( x ) = 8 x 4 - 9 x 2 + 1 .
2) Da vo th (C) hy bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh:
Cu 5.
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng

8cos4 x - 9 cos2 x + m = 0 vi x [0; p ]
Xt phng trnh: 8cos4 x - 9 cos2 x + m = 0 vi x [0; p ]

4
(1)
t t = cos x , phng trnh (1) tr thnh: 8t - 9t + m = 0

(2)
V x [0; p ] nn t [-1;1] , gia x v t c s tng ng mt i mt, do s nghim ca
phng trnh (1) v (2) bng nhau.
Ta c: (2) 8t 4 - 9t 2 + 1 = 1 - m (3)
Gi (C1): y = 8t 4 - 9t 2 + 1 vi t [-1;1] v (d): y = 1 - m . Phng trnh (3) l phng trnh
honh giao im ca (C1) v (d).
Ch rng (C1) ging nh th (C) trong min -1 x 1 .
Da vo th ta c kt lun sau:
m<0
m=0
0 < m <1
v nghim
1 nghim
2 nghim
Cu 6.
Cho hm s y =
3x - 4
x -2
1 m <
81
32
4 nghim
m=
81
32
m>
2 nghim
81
32
v nghim
(C).

2p
:
3
2) Tm cc gi tr ca m phng trnh sau c 2 nghim trn on 0;

sin6 x + cos6 x = m ( sin 4 x + cos4 x )
Xt phng trnh: sin6 x + cos6 x = m ( sin 4 x + cos4 x ) (*)

1
3
1 - sin2 2 x = m 1 - sin 2 2 x
4
2
4 - 3sin 2 2 x = 2m(2 - sin2 2 x )
(1)
2p
3t - 4
th t [ 0;1] . Khi (1) tr thnh: 2m =
vi t 0;1
t -2
3
t t = sin2 2 x . Vi x 0;
Nhn xt : vi mi t 0;1 ta c : sin 2 x = - t sin 2 x = t

sin 2 x = t
2p
th
3
(*) c 2 nghim thuc on 0;
3
3
t ;1 t ;1
4
2
3
4
Da vo th (C) ta c: y(1) < 2m y 1 < 2m
Cu 7.
Cho hm s y =
7
1
7
<m .
5
2
10
x +1
.
x -1

2) Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh
S nghim ca
x +1
x -1
x +1
x -1
= m.
= m bng s giao im ca th (C): y =
Da vo th ta suy ra c:
x +1
x -1
v y = m.
m < -1; m > 1
m = -1
-1 < m 1
2 nghim
1 nghim
v nghim
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s

KSHS 06: IM C BIT CA TH
Kin thc c bn:

1) Khong cch gia hai im A, B:
AB =
( xB - x A )2 + ( yB - y A )2
2) Khong cch t im M ( x0 ; y0 ) n ng thng D: ax + by + c = 0 :

d (M , d ) =
ax0 + by0 + c
a2 + b2
c bit: + Nu D: x = a th d ( M , D) = x0 - a
+ Nu D: y = b th d ( M , D) = y0 - b
+ Tng cc khong cch t M n cc trc to l: x0 + y0 .
uuur uuur 2
1
1
AB. AC.sin A =
AB2 . AC 2 - ( AB. AC )
2
2
uur uur
x + x = 2 xI
4) Cc im A, B i xng nhau qua im I IA + IB = 0 A B
y A + yB = 2 yI
3) Din tch tam gic ABC:
S=
5) Cc im A, B i xng nhau qua ng thng D AB ^ D (I l trung im AB).

I D
x = x
A
c bit: + A, B i xng nhau qua trc Ox B
yB = - y A
x = x
A
+ A, B i xng nhau qua trc Ox B
yB = - y A
6) Khong cch gia ng thng D vi ng cong (C) bng khong cch nh nht gia
mt im M D v mt im N (C).
7) im M ( x; y) c gi l c to nguyn nu x, y u l s nguyn.
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Cho hm s y = - x 3 + 3 x + 2 (C).
2) Tm 2 im trn th hm s sao cho chng i xng nhau qua tm M(1; 3).
Gi A ( x0 ; y0 ) , B l im i xng vi A qua im M(-1;3) B ( -2 - x0 ;6 - y0 )
Cu 1.
y = - x 3 + 3 x + 2
0
0
A, B (C ) 0
3
6 - y0 = -(-2 - x0 ) + 3(-2 - x0 ) + 2
3
6 = - x03 + 3 x0 + 2 - ( -2 - x0 ) + 3 ( -2 - x0 ) + 2 6 x02 + 12 x0 + 6 = 0 x0 = -1 y0 = 0
Vy 2 im cn tm l: (-1;0) v (-1;6)
Cu 2.
Cho hm s y = -
x3
11
+ x 2 + 3x - .
3
3

2) Tm trn th (C) hai im phn bit M, N i xng nhau qua trc tung.
x2 = - x1 0
y1 = y2
Hai im M ( x1; y1 ), N ( x2 ; y2 ) (C ) i xng nhau qua Oy
x2 = - x1 0
x = 3
x = -3
3
x3
1
hoc 1
x
11
11
2
3
x2 = -3
x2 = 3
- 1 + x1 + 3 x1 - = - 2 + x2 + 3 x 2 3
3
3
3
16 16
Vy hai im thuc th (C) v i xng qua Oy l: M 3; , N -3; .
3
3
Cho hm s y = - x 3 + 3 x + 2 (C).
2) Tm trn (C) hai im i xng nhau qua ng thng d: 2 x - y + 2 = 0 .
Cu 3.
Gi M ( x1; y1 ) ; N ( x2 ; y2 ) thuc (C) l hai im i xng qua ng thng d

x1 + x2 y1 + y2
;
, ta c I d
2
2
I l trung im ca AB nn I
) (
- x13 + 3 x1 + 2 + - x23 + 3 x2 + 2
y1 + y2
x +x
C:
=
= 2. 1 2 + 2
2
2
2
x + x = 0
3
- ( x1 + x2 ) + 3 x1 x2 ( x1 + x2 ) + 3 ( x1 + x2 ) = 2 ( x1 + x2 ) 12 2
2
x1 - x1x2 + x2 = 1
Mt khc: MN ^ d ( x2 - x1 ) .1 + ( y2 - y1 ) .2 = 0
7 ( x2 - x1 ) - 2 ( x2 - x1 ) x12 + x1 x2 + x22 = 0 x12 + x1 x2 + x22 =
7
2
7
7
; x2 = m
2
2
2
9
2
x2 - x x + x2 = 1
x1 + x2 = 4
1
1
2
2
- Xt 2
v nghim
7
2
x1 + x1 x2 + x2 =
x x = 5
2
1 2 4
- Xt x1 + x2 = 0 x1 =
7
1 7 7
1 7
;2 ; - ;2 +
2
2
2
2
2
2
Vy 2 im cn tm l:
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Trn S Tng
Cu 4.
Kho st hm s

1
3
5
3
Cho hm s y = x 3 + x 2 - 3 x + .

2) Gi A, B l cc giao im ca (C) vi trc Ox. Chng minh rng trn th (C) tn ti
hai im cng nhn on AB di mt gc vung.
PT honh giao im ca (C) vi trc honh:
1
3
1 3
5
x = 1
x + x 2 - 3x + = 0
3
3
x = -5
5
3
A(-5;0), B(1;0) . Gi M a; a3 + a2 - 3a + (C ), M A, B
uuur
1
5 uuur
1
5
3
3
3
3
uuur uuur
1
AM ^ BM AM .BM = 0 (a + 5)(a - 1) + (a + 5)2 (a - 1)4 = 0
9
1
1 + (a - 1)3 (a + 5) = 0 a4 + 2a3 - 12a2 + 14a + 4 = 0 (*)
9
AM = a + 5; a3 + a2 - 3a + , BM = a - 1; a3 + a2 - 3a +
t y = a4 + 2a3 - 12a2 + 14a + 4 = 0 , c tp xc nh D = R.

7
2043
y = 4a3 + 6a2 - 12a + 14 ; y = 0 c 1 nghim thc a0 - y0 2
16
Da vo BBT ta suy ra (*) lun c 2 nghim khc 1 v 5.

Vy lun tn ti 2 im thuc (C) cng nhn on AB di mt gc vung.
Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 .
2) Tm to hai im P, Q thuc (C) sao cho ng thng PQ song song vi trc honh v
khong cch t im cc i ca (C) n ng thng PQ bng 8.
im cc i ca (C) l A(0;1) . PT ng thng PQ c dng: y = m (m 0) .
V d ( A, PQ) = 8 nn m = 9 . Khi honh cc im P, Q l nghim ca phng trnh:
Cu 5.
x 4 - 2 x 2 - 8 = 0 x = 2 .
Vy: P(-2;9), Q(2;9) hoc P(2;9), Q(-2;9) .
Cho hm s y = x 4 + mx 2 - m - 1 (Cm).
2) Chng minh rng khi m thay i th (Cm) lun lun i qua hai im c nh A, B. Tm m
cc tip tuyn ti A v B vung gc vi nhau.
Cu 6.
Hai im c nh A(1; 0), B(1; 0). Ta c: y = 4 x 3 + 2mx .

Cc tip tuyn ti A v B vung gc vi nhau y (1).y (-1) = -1 (4 + 2m)2 = 1
3
2
5
2
m=- ;m=- .
Cu 7.
Cho hm s y =
x+2
.
2x -1

2) Tm nhng im trn th (C) cch u hai im A(2; 0) v B(0; 2).
PT ng trung trc an AB: y = x .
Nhng im thuc th cch u A v B c honh l nghim ca PT:
x+2
1- 5
1+ 5
= x x2 - x - 1 = 0 x =
;x=
2x -1
2
2
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
1- 5 1- 5 1+ 5 1+ 5
,
,
;
2
2
2
2
Hai im cn tm l:
Cu 8.
Cho hm s y =
3x - 4
(C).
x -2

2) Tm cc im thuc (C) cch u 2 tim cn.
Gi M ( x; y) (C) v cch u 2 tim cn x = 2 v y = 3.
Ta c: x - 2 = y - 3 x - 2 =
3x - 4
x
x
x = 1
-2 x -2 =
= ( x - 2)
x -2
x -2
x -2
x = 4
Vy c 2 im tho mn bi l : M1( 1; 1) v M2(4; 6)

Cu 9.
Cho hm s y =
2x + 1
x +1
(C).

2) Tm trn (C) nhng im c tng khong cch n hai tim cn ca (C) nh nht.
Gi M ( x0 ; y0 ) (C), ( x0 -1 ) th y0 =
2 x0 + 1
1
=2x0 + 1
x0 + 1
Gi A, B ln lt l hnh chiu ca M trn TC v TCN th:

MA = x0 + 1 , MB = y0 - 2 =
1
x0 + 1
p dng BT C-si ta c: MA + MB 2 MA.MB = 2 x0 + 1 .

MA + MB nh nht bng 2 khi x0 + 1 =
1
=2
x0 + 1
x = 0
1
0
.
x0 + 1
x0 = -2
Vy ta c hai im cn tm l (0; 1) v (2; 3).

Cu hi tng t:
a) y =
2x -1
x +1
Cu 10. Cho hm s y =
S: x0 = -1 3
b) y =
3x - 5
x -2
S: M (1;2), M (3;4)
2x -1
(C).
x +1

2) Tm im M thuc th (C) tip tuyn ca (C) ti M vi ng thng i qua M v
giao im hai ng tim cn c tch cc h s gc bng 9.
Giao im 2 tim cn l I(-1;2) .
Gi M x0 ;2
y M - yI
3
-3
=
(C ) kIM =
x0 + 1
x M - xI ( x + 1)2
0
+ H s gc ca tip tuyn ti M: kM = y ( x0 ) =
( x0 + 1)
x = 0
+ YCBT kM .kIM = - 9 0
. Vy c 2 im M tha mn: M(0; 3) v M(2; 5)
x0 = -2
Cu 11. Cho hm s y =
x+2
.
x -1
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s

2) Tm im M trn (C) sao cho khong cch t M n ng thng d : 2 x + y - 2 = 0 bng
k=
6 5
.
5
m+2
6 5
2m 2 - 3m + 4 = 6 m - 1
(C ) . Ta c: d ( M , d ) =
m -1
5
5
1
5
1
m = 2; m = ; m = -2; m = M (2;4); M ;3 ; M (-2; 0); M ; -5 .
2
2
2
2
Gi M m;
Cu hi tng t:.
a) y =
16 15
11
7
3x - 1
12
; d : 3 x - 4 y + 1 = 0; k =
. S: M (1; -2); M ; ; M -2; ; M ;6 .
4
x-2
5
3 4
3
Cu 12. Cho hm s y =
2x + 1
.
x +1

2) Tm im M trn th (C) sao cho khong cch t M n ng thng d : x - 4 y + 8 = 0
l ngn nht.
Gi D l tip tuyn ca (C) song song vi d
5
x 13
hoc D2 : y = +
4
4 4
3
5
Cc tip im tng ng: M1 1; , M2 -3; . Ta tnh c d ( M1, D) < d ( M2 , D) .
2
2
3
M1 1; l im cn tm.
2
2x + 1
Cch 2: Gi s M x;
(C ) . Tnh f = d ( M , d ) . S dng phng php hm s tm
x +1
min f .
x
4
PTTT ca (C) l D1 : y = +
Cu 13. Cho hm s
y=
2x -1
.
x +1

2) Tm ta im M (C) sao cho khong cch t im I(-1; 2) ti tip tuyn ca (C) ti
M l ln nht.
Gi s M x0 ; 2 (C ) . PTTT D ca (C) ti M l:
x0 + 1
y-2+
3
3
=
( x - x0 ) 3( x - x0 ) - ( x0 + 1)2 ( y - 2) - 3( x0 + 1) = 0
2
x0 + 1 ( x + 1)
0
Khong cch t I(-1;2) ti tip tuyn D l:

d=
3(-1 - x0 ) - 3( x0 + 1)
9 + ( x0 + 1)
Theo BT Csi:
9
2
( x0 + 1)
6 x0 + 1
9 + ( x0 + 1)4
9
( x0 + 1)2
.
2
+ ( x0 + 1)
+ ( x0 + 1)2 2 9 = 6 d 6 .
Khong cch d ln nht bng
6 khi
9
2
( x0 + 1)
= ( x0 + 1)2 ( x0 + 1)2 = 3 x0 = -1 3 .
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Vy c hai im cn tm l: M ( -1 + 3 ;2 - 3 ) hoc M ( -1 - 3 ;2 + 3 )
Cu 14. Cho hm s
y=
2x - 4
.
x +1

2) Tm trn (C) hai im i xng nhau qua ng thng MN bit M(3; 0) v N(1; 1).
uuuur
MN = (2; -1) Phng trnh MN: x + 2 y + 3 = 0 .

Phng trnh ng thng (d) ^ MN c dng: y = 2 x + m .
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C) v (d):
2x - 4
= 2 x + m 2 x 2 + mx + m + 4 = 0 ( x -1)
x +1
(1)
(d) ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B D = m 2 - 8m - 32 > 0 (2)

Khi A( x1;2 x1 + m), B( x2 ;2 x2 + m) vi x1, x2 l cc nghim ca (1)
x1 + x2
m m
; x1 + x2 + m I - ; (theo nh l Vi-et)
2
4 2
A, B i xng nhau qua MN I MN m = -4
Suy ra (1) 2 x 2 - 4 x = 0 x = 0 A(0; 4), B(2; 0).

x = 2
Trung im ca AB l I
Cu 15. Cho hm s y =
2x
x -1

2) Tm trn th (C) hai im B, C thuc hai nhnh sao cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti
nh A vi A(2; 0).
Ta c (C ) : y = 2 +
2
x -1
. Gi B b;2 +
2
, C c;2 +
vi b < 1 < c .
b -1
c -1
Gi H, K ln lt l hnh chiu ca B, C ln trc Ox.

Ta c: AB = AC;
BAC = 900
CAK +
BAH = 900 =
CAK +
ACK
BAH =
ACK
AH = CK
v:
BHA = CKA = 90 0 D ABH = DCAK
HB = AK
2 - b = 2 + c - 1
b = -1
Hay:
.
2
c=3
2+
= c-2
b -1
Vy B(-1;1), C (3;3)
Cu 16. Cho hm s y =
x -3
.
x +1

2) Tm trn hai nhnh ca th (C) hai im A v B sao cho AB ngn nht.
Tp xc nh D = R \ { - 1} . Tim cn ng x = -1 .
4
a
4
b
Gi s A -1 - a;1 + , B -1 + b;1 - (vi a > 0, b > 0 ) l 2 im thuc 2 nhnh ca (C)

2
1 1
16
16
64
AB = (a + b) + 16 + = (a + b)2 1 +
4ab 1 +
= 4ab +
32
2
2
2
2
ab
a b
a b
a b
2
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Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s

a = b
a = b
a=b=44
16 4
4
ab
=
a
=
4
ab
AB nh nht AB = 4 2
Khi : A ( -1 - 4 4;1 + 4 64 ) , B ( -1 + 4 4;1 - 4 64 ) .

Cu hi tng t:
a) y =
4x - 9
.
x -3
S: A ( 3 - 3;4 - 3 ) , B ( 3 + 3;4 + 3 )
Cu 17. Cho hm s y =
-x + 1
.
x -2

2) Tm trn th (C), cc im A, B sao cho di on AB bng 4 v ng thng AB
vung gc vi ng thng d : y = x .
PT ng thng AB c dng: y = - x + m . PT honh giao im ca (C) v AB:

-x + 1
= - x + m g( x ) = x 2 - (m + 3) x + 2m + 1 = 0 (1) ( x 2)
x -2
D > 0
c 2 im A, B th (1) phi c 2 nghim phn bit khc 2 g
g(2) 0
2
(m + 3) - 4(2m + 1) > 0 "m .
4 - (m + 3).2 + 2m + 1 0
x + x = m + 3
. Mt khc y A = - x A + m; yB = - xB + m
Ta c: A B
x A .x B = 2 m + 1
Do : AB = 4 ( xB - x A )2 + ( yB - y A )2 = 16 m 2 - 2m - 3 = 0 m = -1 .
m = 3
+ Vi m = 3 , thay vo (1) ta c: x 2 - 6 x + 7 = 0 x = 3 + 2 y = - 2
x = 3 - 2 y = 2
A(3 + 2; - 2), B(3 - 2; 2) hoc A(3 - 2; 2), B(3 + 2; - 2)
+ Vi m = -1 , thay vo (1) ta c: x 2 - 2 x - 1 = 0 x = 1 + 2 y = -2 - 2
x = 1 - 2 y = -2 + 2
A(1 + 2; -2 - 2); B(1 - 2; -2 + 2) hoc A(1 - 2; -2 + 2); B(1 + 2; -2 - 2)

Cu 18. Cho hm s y =
3 x 2 + 5 x + 14
c th (C).
6x + 1
Tm tt cc cc im trn (C) c to nguyn.

1
4
Ta c: y = 2 x + 3 +
53
.
6x + 1
x Z
im M ( x; y) (C ) c to nguyn 1
53
Z
y = 2x + 3 +
6x + 1
x Z
x Z
x Z
53
53
2 x + 3 +
Z
6 x + 1 = 1 6 x + 1 = 53
Z
6x + 1
6x + 1
2 x + 3 + 53 M 4
53
53
x
2
+
3
+
M
4
2 x + 3 +
6x + 1
M 4
6x + 1
6x + 1
Trang 83
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
x = 0 y = 14 . Vy c hai im tho YCBT: (0;14), (-9; -4) .

x = -9 y = -4
Cu 19. Cho hm s y =
x 2 - 3x + 6
c th (C).
x -2
1
Tm nhng cp im trn th (C) i xng nhau qua im I ;1 .
2
1
Gi M ( x1; y1), N ( x2 ; y2 ) (C ) i xng nhau qua im I ;1 .
2
x + x = 1
x = 1 - x1
Khi ta c: 1 2
2
N (1 - x1;2 - y1 ) .
y1 + y2 = 2
y2 = 2 - y1
x12 - 3x1 + 6
y1 =
x = -2; y1 = -4
x1 - 2
V M ( x1; y1), N ( x2 ; y2 ) (C ) nn ta c:
1
.
2
=
=
x
3;
y
6
+
4
x
x
1
1
2 - y = 1
1
1
1 -1
Vy trn (C) c ng mt cp im tho YCBT: M (-2; -4), N (3;6) .
Cu 20. Cho hm s y =
x2 + x + 1
c th (C).
x +1
Tm nhng cp im trn th (C) i xng nhau qua ng thng d :16 x + 17y + 33 = 0 .
21 13
S: A -5; - , B 3; .
4 4
Chn thnh cm n cc bn ng nghip v cc em hc sinh c tp ti liu ny.

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com - Ton Hc Vit Nam

TI LIU N THI I HC CAO NG

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+ y ' 0, "x R a < 0

nh l v du ca tam thc bc hai g( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c (a 0) :

+ Nu D > 0 th g( x ) c hai nghim x1, x2 v trong khong hai nghim th g( x ) khc du

+ x1 x2 < 0 P > 0 + 0 < x1 x2 P > 0 + x1 < 0 < x2 P < 0

g( x ) m, "x (a; b) max g( x ) m ;

g( x ) m, "x (a; b) min g( x ) m

+ y ' 0, "x R a < 0

2. Tm iu kin hm s y = f ( x ) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d n iu trn khong (a ; b ) .

th f ng bin trn (a ; b ) h(m) max g( x )

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Nu bt phng trnh f ( x ) 0 h(m) g( x )

th f ng bin trn (a ; b ) h(m) min g( x )

Trng hp 2: Nu bt phng trnh f ( x ) 0 khng a c v dng (*) th t t = x - a .

b) Hm s f nghch bin trn (a ; b ) y 0, "x (a ; b ) v y = 0 ch xy ra ti mt s hu

th f nghch bin trn (a ; b ) h(m) max g( x )

Nu bt phng trnh f ( x ) 0 h(m) g( x )

th f nghch bin trn (a ; b ) h(m) min g( x )

Trng hp 2: Nu bt phng trnh f ( x ) 0 khng a c v dng (*) th t t = x - a .

3. Tm iu kin hm s y = f ( x ) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d n iu trn khong c di

f n iu trn khong ( x1; x2 ) y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 a 0 (1)

Bin i x1 - x2 = d thnh ( x1 + x2 )2 - 4 x1x2 = d 2

S dng nh l Viet a (2) thnh phng trnh theo m.

a) ng bin trn (-;a ) .

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a) (2) ng bin trn khong (-;a )

a) (2) ng bin trn khong (-;a )

b) (2) ng bin trn khong (a ; +)

b) (2) ng bin trn khong (a ; +)

c) (2) ng bin trn khong (a ; b )

a) Nghch bin trn (-;a ) .

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a) (2) nghch bin trn khong (-;a )

b) (2) nghch bin trn khong (a ; +)

a) (2) ng bin trn khong (-;a )

b) (2) ng bin trn khong (a ; +)

c) (2) ng bin trong khong (a ; b )

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Cho hm s y = (m - 1) x 3 + mx 2 + (3m - 2) x (1)

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1) khi m = 2 .

Do hm s ng bin trn khong (-;0) 0 x1 < x2 P 0 -m 0 (VN)

Cho hm s y = 2 x 3 - 3(2m + 1) x 2 + 6m(m + 1) x + 1 c th (Cm).

Tp xc nh: D = R. y ' = 6 x 2 - 6(2m + 1) x + 6m(m + 1) c D = (2m + 1)2 - 4(m 2 + m) = 1 > 0

Hm ng bin trn (0; +) y = 3 x 2 + 2(1 - 2m) x + (2 - m) 0 vi "x (0; +)

Lp BBT ca hm f ( x ) trn (0; +) , t ta i n kt lun: f m m .

a) y = (m + 1) x 3 - (2m - 1) x 2 + 3(2m - 1) x + 1 (m -1) , K = (-; -1) .

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1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s khi m = 0.

Tp xc nh: D = R; y = (m2 - 1) x 2 + 2(m - 1) x - 2 .

TH1: a < 0 m 2- 1 < 0

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s khi m = 0.

Tp xc nh: D = R; y = (m2 - 1) x 2 + 2(m - 1) x - 2 .

Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx + m (1), (m l tham s).

Cho hm s y = -2 x 3 + 3mx 2 - 1 (1).

y ' = -6 x 2 + 6mx , y ' = 0 x = 0 x = m .

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+ Nu m 0 , y 0, "x (0; m) khi m > 0 hoc y 0, "x (m; 0) khi m < 0 .

Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2mx 2 - 3m + 1 (1), (m l tham s).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = -1 .

Tm m hm s (2) ng bin trn khong (-; -1) .