Bi tp chng 2

Cng thc cp s nhn:

a1,a2,a3,........an.nu a2=qa1, a3=qa2..... an=qan-1, q-cng bi
an = a1.qn1;

sn = a1 + a2 + ...an =

Nuq < 1 s = l im sn =
n

a1( qn 1) a1(1 qn )
=
q1
1 q

a1
1 q

2.1. S dng cng thc nh ngha tm bin i Z v min xc nh

.
1. x2(n)=anu(n):

ZT[ x1( n)] =

n=

n=0

1 aZ1

anu( n) Zn = anZn =

n=

n=

n= 0

n
n
m
2. x2(n)=u(-n) ZT[x2 ( n)] = u( n) Z = Z m= n = Z =

3. x3(n)=anu(n-1)-u(-n)

; Z >1

1
1 Z

; Z <1

ZT[ x3( n)] = X '3 ( Z) + X ' '3 ( Z)

1
; Z <1
1 Z

X ' '3 ( Z) = ZT[ u( n) =

X '3 ( Z) =

aZ1

anu( n 1) Zn = anZn =

n=

X 3( Z) = X '3 ( Z) X ' '3 ( Z) =

n=1
1

aZ

1 aZ

Nu a<1 th RC[X3(Z)]:
Nu a 1 th RC[ X3(Z)]:

1 aZ1

; Z > a;

1
1 Z

a<IZI<1
-Tp rng

n
n
1
4.x4(n)=bn(n-1) ZT[ x4 ( n)] = X 4 ( Z) = b ( n 1) Z = bZ = Z ; Z 0
n=

5.x5(n)=bn(n+1)

bn( n +1) Zn = b1Z =

ZT[ x5( n)] = X 5( Z) =

n=

Z
; xc
b

nh vi mi Z

6.x4(n)=bn(n-1)+anu(n-1)
ZT[ x6 ( n)] = X 6 ( Z) =

n=

n=

bn( n 1) Zn + anu( n 1) Zn;

d
d
aZ1
+ anZ n = +
Z n=1
Z 1aZ1

Z 0; Z > a

2.2. p dng cc tnh cht ca bin i Z tm X(Z) v RC[X(Z)]

1. x1(n)=anu(n-2); ZT[x(n)]=ZT[anu(n)]=
ZT[x1(n)]=X1(Z)= ZT[a2an-2u(n-2)]=a2
Thtvy:
ZT[a n u(n - 2)] =
a2Z2

1 aZ1
Z2

1 aZ1

; RC[X(Z)] l IZI>a v Z0

anZn = anZn m = n 2 = am+2Z( m+2)

n=2

amZm = a2

m=0

n=2
2

m=0

1 aZ1

2. x2(n)=a-nu(n); ZT[x2(n)]=ZT[a-nu(n)]= ZT[bnu(n)]=

RC[X(Z)] l IZI>a-1

anu( n) Zn = anZn =

n=

3.

ZT[a n u(n)] =

n=0

1
1 aZ1

1
1

1 bZ

1
1 1

1 a Z

1
1 1

1 a

; RC[X(Z) ] : Z > a

1
1
; RC[X(Z) ] : Z <
1 aZ
a
1
1
-n
ZT[a u(-n)] =
; RC[X(Z) ] : Z <
1 aZ
a
d
1
aZ
-n
ZT[ na u(-n)] = -Z
[
]=
dZ 1 aZ
(1 aZ) 2
ZT[x 3 (n)] = ZT[a - n u(-n)] =

4.

5. ZT[a nu( n) anu( n 2)] =

6. ZT[a nu( n) * ( n 2)] =

1
1 1

1 a

Z2
1

1 aZ

Z 0,

1 1

1 a

Z 0,
Z<

a< Z <

1
a

1
a

2.3. Tm hm nh v min hi t:
N +1

Z2 (1 ZN )

n=2

1 Z1

1.x1(n)=rectN(n-2); ZT[rectN ( n 2) = X 2 ( Z) = Z n =

;IZ

I>1,Z0
N 1

N 1

1 aN ZN

n= 0

n= 0

1 aZ1

2.x1(n)=anrectN(n); ZT[anrectN ( n) = X 2( Z) = anZ n = (aZ1) n =

IZ I>a
3.x1(n)=nrectN(n);
ZT[rectN ( n) =

N 1

1 Z N

n= 0

1 Z1

Z n =

[ nrectN ( n)] = Z

d 1 Z N
(1 Z1) NZ N 1 (1 Z N ) Z 2
[
] = Z
dZ 1 Z1
Z2 2Z1 + 1

( Z 1)( NZ N 1) (1 Z N ) Z1
Z2 2Z1 + 1

NZ N + NZ N 1 + Z1 Z N 1
Z2 2Z1 + 1

=
=

NZ N NZ N 1 Z1 + Z N 1
Z2 2Z1 + 1

Z N 1( N 1) + Z1 NZ N
Z 2 2Z1 + 1

Z1

ZT[ nanu( n)] = Z

4.

d 1 aN ZN
N(1 aZ1)aN ZN 1 aN ZN (aZ2 )
= Z
=
dZ 1 aZ1
(1 aZ1) 2

N(1 aZ1)aN Z N aN Z N (aZ1)

(1 aZ1) 2
NaN

NaN +1

Z N +1
( Z a) 2

ZN

NaN Z N NaN +1Z N 1 + aN +1Z N 1

(1 aZ1) 2

aN +1

N +1

Z N +1 Z2 = Na

N +1

Na Z 2 Na
a
Na Z
Z =
=
2
N 1
( Z a)
Z
( Z a) 2

( Z a) 2

ZT[anrectN ( n)] =

6.

1 a

1 a

N +1

N +1

aN [a( N 1) Z]

Z ( N 1)

N +1

N 1

N 1

n=( N 1)

m=0

m=0

anrectN (n) Zn = amrectN (m) Zm = amZm

Z<

ZT[ u( n) * rectN ( n 2)] =

1
a

1
1 Z1

Z2 (1 ZN )
1 Z1

= ZN

( Z N 1)
( Z 1) 2

2.4. Phng php thng d tnh hm gc

Cng thc thng d :
+ nu Q(Z)c cc n:
Q( Z) =

N( Z)
N( Z)
Re s Z = Z =
( Z Z P1) = N( Z P1)
P1
Z Z P1
Z Z P1

+Nu c nghim bi bc q th:

Re s Z = Z

Pk

X 1( z) =

dq1[ N( Z)]
dq1Z
2z + 5

( Z 1)( Z + 0,5) 2

Re s Z =1 = Z n1

1.

Z = Z Pk

2z + 5
( Z + 0,5)

=
Z =1

2zn + 5Z n1
( Z + 0,5)

=
Z =1

7
28
u( n) =
u( n)
2,25
9

5
5
n 2
2z + 5
0,5 16 1 n
1
Z
Re s Z =0,5 = Z n1
= Zn
=
=
( ) u( n)
( Z 1) Z =0,5
( Z 1) Z =0,5 2
1,5
3
2
2+

x1( n) = IZT[X 1(z)] =

1
1
[28+ 48 ]u( n)
9
2

2.
1
1 Z

+Z

Z2
2

C cc lin hp l P1,2 =

Z Z +1
Z2
Z2
=
;
X 2 (Z) = Z2 Z + 1
1+ j 2
1 j 2
(Z
)( Z
)
2
2

1 j 3
10 j
=
e
; = 600
2
2

n+1

Re s Z =Z
5

10 j
5 j

2 e
2
Z2
Z n+1

n1
=Z
=
=
Z = Z P1 =
1 j 3
1 j 3
1+ j 3 1 j 3
j 3
Z
Z

2
2
2
2

P1

n+1

n+1

ej( n+1)90 u( n)
n+1

Re s Z =Z
5

10 j
10 j

2 e

2
n+1
2
Z
Z

n1
=Z
=
=
Z = Z P2 =
1+ j 3
1+ j 3
1 j 3 1+ j 3
j 3
Z
Z

2
2
2
2

P2

n+1

e j( n+1)+90 u( n)

x2 ( n) = IZT[X 2 (z)] =
6

2
6

n+1

n+1

j( n+1) +900

u( n) +
6

n+1

ej( n+1)90 u( n) =

n+1

u( n) cos[( n + 1) 900 ]

Vi cng thc chung:

X ( z) =

z
z2 + 2az+ b2

; X (z)zn1 =

zn
z2 + az+ b2

= a2 b2 = j b2 a2 = j; Vi a2 < b2
zp1,2 = a j = a2 + 2 e j = a2 + b2 a2 = be j; = arctg
zn
( z a j)( z a + j)

X ( z)zn1 =
Re s z=z

p1

Re s z=z

p2

a2 b2
a

zn
bnejn
bnejn
=
=
( z a + j) z=a+ j a + j a + j
j2

bnejn
j2

0
0
bnejn bne jn
bn ej( n90 ) + e j( n90 )
x( n) = IZT[
]=
+
=
=
j2
j2

2
z2 + 2az+ b2

bn
bn
bn
bnu( n)
ch[ j( n 900 )] = u( n)
cos( n 900 )] = u( n)(
sin n =
sin n =

b2 a2
=

bnu( n)
b2 a2

sin[ n.arctg

b2 a2
bnu( n)
b
]=
sin[n.arctg 1]
2
2
a
a
b a

2.5.Tm cc hm gc nhn qu bng phng php trin khai chui la tha:

1.

X 1( z) =

Z
= ( 2) 0 Z0 + ( 2)1Z1 +
Z +2

( 2) 2 Z2 + ( 2) 8 Z3 + .....( 2) n Zn =

(2) n Zn

x1( n) = ( 2) n u( n)

n=0

Z+2

Z+2
1-2Z-1 + 4Z-2 -8Z -3
-2
-2-4Z-1
4Z -1
4Z-1+8Z -2
-8Z -2
2.
X 2 ( z) =

Z
( Z 1)

Z
2

Z 2Z + 1

Z-2Z+1

Z
Z-2+Z-1

-1

-1

2-4Z+2Z
-1

-2

Z + 2Z+ 3Z -3

-1
-2

-2

-1

3Z -6Z -2+3Z

-3

X 2 ( Z) = 1.Z 1 + 2Z 3 + 3Z3 + 4Z 4 + ..nZn

=

nu( n) Z n

n=0

x2 ( n) = IZT[X 2 ( z)] = nu( n)

2.6.Tm cc hm gc nhn qu:

1. X 1( z) =

( z + 1) 2
( z 1) 2

X 1( z)
( z + 1) 2
A
B
C
=
= +
+
2
z
z
z

1
x( z 1)
( z 1) 2

A=

X 1( z)
( z + 1) 2
.z Z =0 =
Z =0= 1
z
( z 1) 2

C=

X 1( z)
( z + 1) 2
( z 1) 2 Z =1 =
Z =1= 4
z
z

B=

d X 1( z)
d ( z + 1) 2
2z( z + 1) (z + 1) 2
[
( z 1) 2 ] Z =1 = [
] Z =1=
Z = 1= 0
dz z
dz
z
z2

X 1( z)
( z + 1) 2
1
4
=
= +
;
2
z
z
x( z 1)
( z 1) 2
x1( n) = ( n) + nu( n);

X 2 (z) =

2.

(z + 1) 2
2

z+1
;
z1

X 1( z) = 1+

z
( z 1) 2

X 2 (z)
z + 1)
A
B
=
= +
z
x(z 1) z z 1

(z 1)
X (z)
z+1
A = 2 .z Z = 0 =
= 1
z
z 1 Z= 0
X (z)
(z + 1)
B = 2 (z 1) Z =1 =
=2
z
z Z =1
X (z) 1
2
z
; 2
=
+
; X 2 (z) = 1+ 2
;
z
z (z 1)
(z 1)
x2 ( n) = ( n) + 2u( n);.
X 3(z) =

3.

1 2Z1
1

1 2z

+ 5z

(z 2)z

X (z)
( Z 2)
; 3 =
2
z 2z + 5 z
z 2z + 5
2

Mu s c nghim l :

' = 1 5 = 4; zP1,2 = 1 j2 = 5e j63,43 = 5e j1

.
*
X 3( z)
( Z 2)
E
E
=
=
+
z
( z 1 j2)(z 1+ j2) ( z 1 j2) ( z 1+ j2)
.
X ( z)
( Z 2)
1 + j2 2
1 + j2 1
1
E= 3
( z zp1) z=z =1+ j2 =
=
=
= ( j)( 1+ j2) = (2 + j)
p1
z
( z 1+ j2) 1+ j2 1+ j2
j4
4
4
5 j26,560
5 j
e
=
e
4
4
*
X ( z)
( Z 2)
1 j2 2
1 j2 1
1
5 j
E= 3
( z zp2 ) z=z =1 j2 =
=
=
= ( j)(1+ j2) = (2 j) =
e
p2
z
( z 1 j2) 1 j2 1 j2
j4
4
4
4
=

5 j
5 j
5 j
5 j
5 j
5 j
e
e
e
e
e
e
X (z)
4
4
4
4
= 4
+ 4
=
+
; X ( z) =
z+
z
z
z (1+ j2) z (1 j2) z 5eJ 1 z 5e J 1
z 5eJ 1
z 5e J 1
x( n) =
1

4.

5 J
5 J
e ( 5eJ 1 ) n u( n) +
e
( 5e J 1 ) n u( n) =
4
4
n

n+1

1 2 2 J ( n+ 1 )
1
1
5 .5 e
u( n) + 52.52 e J ( n+ 1 ) u( n) = 5 2 u( n) cos( n + 1)
4
4
2

2z + 3
z +1,5
=
;
2
1
(2z +1)(z 3)
2
(z + )(z 3)
2
X 4 (z)
C
C2
z +1,5
A
B
=
= +
+ 1 +
;
1
1
z
z
z 3 (z 3)2
2
z(z + )(z 3)
z+
2
2
z +1,5
1,5
1
A=
= = 0,333;
Z=0 =
1
0,5.9 3
(z + )(z 3)2
2
z +1,5
0,5 +1,5
2
2.4
8
B=
=
=
=
= 0,163
1=
2
2
2
49
49
z(z 3) Z=2 0,5(0,5 3)
7

2
z +1,5
4,5
4,5
9
C2 =
=
=
= 0,428
Z=3 =
1
3(3 + 0,5) 3.3,5 21
z(z + )
2
d z +1,5
z2 + 0,5z (z +1,5)[2z + 0,5]
z2 + 0,5z 2z2 3,5z 0,75)
C=
Z=3 =
Z=3 =
1
1
1
dz
z(z + )
z2 (z + )2
z2 (z + )2
2
2
2
2
z 3z 0,75
9 9 0,75
18,75
=
= 0,17;
Z=3 =
2
1 2
110,25
9
.
3
,
5
2
z (z + )
2
X 4 (z) 0,333 0,163 0,17
0,428
=

+
;
1 z 3 (z 3)2
z
z
z+
2
0,163
0,17
0,428
X 4 (z) = 0,333
z
z+
3z
2
1
z 3
3
(
z

3
)
z ( )
2
1
0,428 n
x4 (n) = 0,333(n) 0,163( )n u(n) 0,17.3 n u(n) +
n3 u(n) =
2
3
1
0,333(n) +{3 n[0,142 n 0,17] 0,163( )n}u(n)
2
X 4 (z) =

Z=3

2.7.Tm cc hm gc phn nhn qu:

1. X 1( z) =

( z + 1) 2
( z 1) 2

X 1( z)
( z + 1) 2
A
B
C
=
= +
+
2
z
z z 1 ( z 1) 2
x( z 1)

A=

X 1( z)
( z + 1) 2
.z Z =0 =
Z =0= 1
z
( z 1) 2

C=

X 1( z)
( z + 1) 2
( z 1) 2 Z =1 =
Z =1= 4
z
z

Khi tra ngc theo tnh cht tr ZT[x(n-k)]=Z-kX(Z) th thay mi n x(n)

bng n-k

B=
;

d X 1( z)
d ( z + 1) 2
2z( z + 1) (z + 1) 2
[
( z 1) 2 ] Z =1 = [
] Z =1=
Z = 1= 0
dz z
dz
z
z2

X 1( z)
( z + 1) 2
1
4
=
= +
;
2
z
z
x( z 1)
( z 1) 2
x1( n) = ( n) nu( n);

X 3(z) =

2.

1 2Z1
1

1 2z

+ 5z

( z 2)z
2

z 2z + 5

X 1( z) = 1+

z2 2z + 5 5

z 2z + 5

Mu s c nghim l :

( z 1) 2

= 1

5
2

z 2z + 5

' = 1 5 = 4; zP1,2 = 1 j2 = 5e j63, 43 = 5e j1

.
*
Z2 2z +5 5
5
E
E
X 3(z) =
= 1
= 1
+
( z 1 j2)(z 1+ j2)
( z 1 j2)( z 1+ j2)
( z 1 j2) (z 1+ j2)
.
0
5
5
E = X 3( z)(z zp1) z=z =1+j2 =
=
=1,25ej90
p1
1+ j2 1+ j2
j4
.
*
0
5
5
E = E = X 3(z)( z zp1) z=z =1j2 =
=
=1,25ej90
p2
1 j2 1 j2 j4
0

X 3(z) = 1+

1,25ej90

z 5eJ 1

1,25e j90

z 5e J 1

1,25ej90

= 1

5eJ 63, 43 z

1,25e j90

5e J 63,43 z

Phi bin i v dng cng thc 4 trang 116 dng cho dy phn nhn
qu.
0

1,25ej90

= 0,56ej26,57 ;1,25ej90 = 0,56ej26,57 . 5ej63, 43

5ej63, 43

;1,25e j90

5e j63, 43

= 0,56e j26,57 ;1,25e j90 = 0,56e j26,57 . 5e j63, 43

0

X 3( z) =1[ 0,56ej 26,57

5ej63,43

5eJ 63, 43 z

+0,56ej 26,57

5ej63, 43
0

5ej 63, 43 z

; Z < 5

0
0
0
0
x3( n) =( n)
0,56ej 26,57 ( 5eJ 63, 43 ) n u( n) +0,56ej 26,57 ( 5eJ 63, 43 ) n u( n)

=( n)

n
0
2
0,56.5 u( n) ej26,57

( eJ 63, 43 ) n +ej26,57 ( eJ 63, 43 ) n

=

0
0
0
0
( n) 0,56.52 u( n)
( eJ ( n63, 43 +26,57 ) +eJ ( n63, 43 +26,57 )
=

( n)

n
2
2.0,56.5 u( n) cos

2.8.
1. Cho

(( n63,430 +26,570) ) =( n) 1,12.52 u(n) cos(( n63,430 +26,570) )

Tm cc hm gc nhn qu:

X 1 (z) =

z3
z3 z
z3
1
=
=
= 0,5z3
1
1
z + 2 1 + 2z 2(1 + 0,5z )
1 (0,5)z1

x1 (n) = 0,5(0,5)n3 u(n 3)

B:
2.

Cch1 : X 2 (z) =

z+4
0,5z + 2
0,5z33 z + 2z3 0,5z3 z 2z4 z
=
=
=
+
z + 0,5
z + 0,5 z + 0,5 ???????
z3 (2z +1) z3 (z + 0,5)

x2 (n) = 0,5(0,5)n3 u(n 3) + 2(0,5)n4 u(n 4) = 0 ; 0 ; 0; 0,5 ; 1,75

Phn tch thnh tng:

0,5z + 2
z (z + 0,5)
C
X 2 (z)
0,5z + 2
A
C
C
C
= 4
=
+ 1 + 22 + 33 + 44
z
z
z (z + 0,5) z + 0,5
z
z
z
0,5z + 2
0,5.(0,5) + 2
A=
=
= 28
4
z
(0,5)4
z=0,5

Cch2 : X 2 (z) =

C4 =

1
0,5z + 2
=4
(4 4)! z + 0,5 z=0

C3 =

1
(z + 0,5)0,5 (0,5z + 2)
1,75
=
2
(4 3)!
(z + 0,5)
(z + 0,5)2

= 7
z=0

C2 =

1
1,75.2(z + 0,5)
1,75.
=
4
(4 2)! (z + 0,5)
(z + 0,5)3

C1 =

1
1,75.3(z + 0,5)
1 1,75.3
1,75
=
=
6
4
(4 1)!
3.2 (z + 0,5)
(z + 0,5)
2(z + 0,5)4

=
z=0

1,75.
=14
0,53

X 2 (z) =

= 14;
z=0

0,5z + 2
z
= 28
14 +14z1 7 z2 + 4z3
z
+
0
,
5
z (z + 0,5)
4

x2 (n) = 28(0,5)n u(n) 14(n) +14(n 1) 7(n 2) + 4(n 3)

X 3 (z)
18z3
18z2
1
z2
;
=
=
=
1
2 2 2
1
2 2
z
(2z 1)(3z 2)2
4(z )9(z )
(z )(z )
2
3
2
3
1
A
B
C
[
+
+
]
1
2
2 2
2
(z ) (z ) (z )
2
3
3

3. X 3 (z) =

A=

z2
2
(z )2
3

1
Z=
2

36
= 9;C =
4.

z2
1
(z )
2

2
Z=
3

4.6 8
=
9. 3

1
(z )2z z2
d
z2
z2 z
2
B= [
=
2]=
1 Z=
1
1
dz
(z ) 3
(z )
(z )
2
2
2
2
2
X 3 (z)
18z
1
z
=
=
=
1
2 2 2
1
2 2
z
4(z )9(z )
(z )(z )
2
3
2
3
X 3 (z) =

4.

9
2

z
1
z
2

X 4 ( z) =

2
3

z
2
z
3

4
3

z
;
2 2
(z )
3

Z=

2
3

4 2

9
3 =26 = 4
=
2 1 2
9
3
( )
3 2

1
2
2
x3 (n) = [4,5( )n ( )n+1 + 2.( )n+1 ]u(n)
2
3
3

4z2 + 8z

2z2 + 4z
=
2z2 3z + 3,125 z2 1,5z + 1,5625
j530

Mu s c cc phc lin hp zP1,2= 0,75j1 =1,25e

X 4 ( z) = 2z
X ' 4 ( z) =

z
+4 2
= 2zX' 4 ( z) + X ' 4 ( z), a = 0,75, b2 = 1,5625
z 2.0,75z +1,5625 z 2.0,75z +1,5625
2

z
z2 2.0,75z +1,5625

1,25n u( n)

x' 4 ( n) =

1,5625 0,752

sin n; = arctg

1,5625 0,752
= 530
0,75

x' 4 ( n) = 1,25n u( n) sin( n530 );

x4 ( n) = 2.1,25n+1u( n +1) sin[( n +1)530 ] 4.1,25n u( n) sin( n530 )

2.9. Tnh y(n) v xt tnh n nh ca h thng nu h(n)=0,5nu(n-3) v

x(n)=2u(n)cos(3n)
Theo cng thc tr

ZT[ank u(n k)] = ank zn

n=k

Hoc
: ank zn =
n=k

m=nk

m=0

m=0

= amz(m+k) = zk amZm = zk

1
1 az1

zk
theocngthccps nhan
1 az1

H(z)= ZT[0,5n u(n- 3)] = ZT[0,53.0,5 3.0,5n u(n- 3)] = ZT[0,53.0,5n3 u(n- 3)] = 0,53

z3
;
1 0,5z1

Xt tnh n nh theo h(n) hoc theo H(z).

+Theo h(n): lim h(n)=0 khi n nn h thng n nh.
+Theo H(Z); ZP1=0,5,nm trong vng trong n v nn h
thng n nh .
ZT[x(n)]= ZT[2u(n)cos(3
n)]= 2
(1- z-1cos3)
2
;
(1 2z1 cos3 + z2 )
Y (z) = H(z)X (z) = 0,53
0,25

z(z- cos3)
z2 (1- z-1cos3)
=
2
=
z2 2z cos3 +1
z2 (1 2z1 cos3 + z2 )

z >1
z3
(1- z-1cos3)
z3
(1- z-1cos3)
.
2
=
0
,
25
.
1 0,5z1 (1 2z1 cos3 + z2 )
1 0,5z1 (1 2z1 cos3 + z2 )

z3
(1- z-1 - cos3)
.
; cos3 1
1 0,5z1 (1 2z1 cos3 + z2 )

z3
(1+ z-1)
z
(z +1)z2
1
(z +1)
.
=
0
,
25
.
= 0,25
.
1
1
2
3
2
2
(
z

0
,
5
)
1 0,5z (1 + 2z + z )
z (z 0,5) z(z + 2z +1)
z(z + 2z +1)
Y (z)
1
1
1
= 0,25 2
.
z
z (z 0,5) (z +1)

Y (z) 0,25

Cc cc: zP1=0 - bi bc 2;zP2=0,5 -n v thc;zP3=-1- thc bi bc2:

A
A
Y ( z)
B
C
= 0,25[ 1 + 22 +
+
z
z
z 0,5 z + 1
z
Y (z) 2
1
A2 =
z =
Z=0 = 2
z
( z 0,5)(z + 1)
A1 =

d Y ( z) 2
d
1
(z - 0,5) + (x + 1)
[
z ]=
[
]=
dz z
dz ( z 0,5)(z + 1)
( z 0,5) 2 ( z + 1) 2

B=

Y ( z)
( z 0,5)
z

C=

Y ( z)
( z + 1)
z

Z=0,5 = 2

z (z + 1)

Z=1= 2

z ( z 0,5)

Z=0,5 =
Z=1=

Z=0 =

0,5
0,52

= 2

1
3
=
0,375 8

1
2
=
1,5
3

10

3 z
2 z

8 z 0,5 3 z + 1
3
2
3
1
y( v) = 0,25{[ 2( n) 2( n 1) + [ 0,5n ]u( n)} = [
0,5n ]u( n) 0,5[( n) + ( n 1)] =
8
3
32
6
3
1
[
0,5n ]u( n) 0,5rect2 ( n)]
32
6
Y ( z) = 0,25[2 2z1 +

2.10. Cho h thng vi phng trnh sai phn y(n)-3y(n-2)=x(n)

1.Tm hm h thng H(z) v xt tnh n nh
2.Tm c tnh xung h(n)
3.Tm y(n) khi x(n)=3nu(n-2) vi iu kin ban u: y(-2)=y(-1)=0
Gii:
1. Tm hm h thng H(z) v xt tnh n nh.
ZT[ y(n) - 3y(n - 2) = x(n)] Y(z)(1 - 3z -2 ) = X ( z);
H(z) =

1
2

1 3z

z2

A1
A2
H(z)
z
=
=
+
;
z
( z 3)(z + 3) z 3 z + 3
z 3
;

H(z) c cc nm ngoi vng trn n v nn h thng khng n

nh.
2.
A1 =
A2 =

z
(z + 3 )

z= 3

3
2 3

= 0,5

= 0,5
(z 3 )
2 3
z
z
H(z) = 0,5
+ 0,5
; h(n) = 0,5[( 3 )n + ( 3 )n ]u(n) =
z 3
z+ 3
z= 3

3. Tm y(n) khi x(n)=3nu(n-2) vi kb y(-2)=y(-1)=0

X (z)
z2
z2 z
z
=
=
= 2
2
2
1
2
2
1 3z
(1 3z )(1 3z ) z (z 3)(z 3) (z 3)(z 3)
A
A1
A2
Y (z)
1
=
=
+
+ 3
z
(z + 3 )(z 3 )(z 3) z + 3 z 3 z 3

Y (z) =

A1 =
A2 =
A2 =

1
(z 3 )(z 3) z=
1
(z + 3 )(z 3) z=

=
3

=
3

1
1
1
=
=
2 3 ( 3 3) 2.3(1 + 3 ) 6(1 + 3 )
1

2 3 ( 3 3)

1
1
=
2(3 3 3 ) 6(1 3 )

1
1
1
1
=
=
=
(z + 3 )(z 3 ) z=3
(3 + 3 )(3 3 ) 9 3 6

Y (z) =

6(1+ 3) z + 3

1
1
y( n) = [
6 1+ 3

n
2
( 3)

6(1 3) z 3
1

1 3

n
2
3

1 z
6 z3

+ 3n ]u( n)

2.11. Cho h x l s c h(n)=(2n-1)u(n). Tm x(n) h thng n nh:

h( n) = 2 n u ( n ) u ( n ) H ( z ) =

1
1
z
z
( z 2 z) ( z 2 2z)
z
+
=
+
=
=
1
1
1 2z
1 z
z 2 z 1
( z 2)( z 1)
( z 2)( z 1)

H(z) c zP1=2; zP2=1 u khng nm trong vng trn n v. Mun h

thng n nh phi chn x(n) sao cho kh c cc cc ny. Tc chn:
11

X ( z) = a

( z 2)(z 1)
z2 3z + 2
=a
Vi b, c < 1vb c
N( z)
( z b)( z c)

Y ( z) = a

( z 2)(z 1)
2z2 3z
2z2 3z
.
=a
N( z)
( z 2)( z 1)
N( z)

Nh vy nghim ca phng trnh sai phn c y 0(n) l dao ng t do

quyt nh bi cc ca h(n) bng 0, nn ch cn li thnh phn cng bc,
nn h thng n nh (dng tc ng th y(n)=yP(n)0
2.12. Xc nh tnh n nh ca h thng TTBBNQ vi:
1. H(z) =

3 2z1 + z2

2 + 5z1 3z2

3z2 2z + 1
2z2 + 5z 3

3z2 2z + 1
2(z2 + 2,5z 1,5)

3z2 2z + 1
2(z 0,5)(z + 3)

H ny c H(z) c 1 cc l zP2=3>1nn khng n nh .

2.13. Xc nh tnh n nh ca h thng TTBBNQ vi:
2.

H(z) =

z2 + 5z 3
9z4 12z3 + 1,75z2 + 3z 1

3z2 2z + 1
2(z2 + 2,5z 1,5)

3z2 2z + 1
2(z 0,5)( z + 3)

H ny c H(z) c mu s lad a thc bc cao nn dung tiu chun n

nh Jiuly:

z2 (1+ 5z1 32 )
1
z2 (1+ 5z1 32 )
=
12
1,75 2 3 3 1 4 9
12
1,75 2 3 3 1 4
9z4 (1 z1 +
z + z z
(1 z1 +
z + z z
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12
1,75 2 3 3 1 4
12
1,75 2 1
1
D(z) = 1 z1 +
z + z z = 0hayD(z) = z4 z3 +
z + z = 0
9
9
9
9
9
9
3
9
H(z) =

Hng
1 a0aN

Cc phn t ca a thc c trng.

1
-12/9=1,75/9=0,194
1,33333
4

1/3=0,3333
3

-1/9=0,11111

2 c0cN1

3 d0dn2

12

1 aN 0 1 a4
2
c0 = = = 1 a4a4 = 1 ( 0,1111) = 0,98765
aN a0 a4 a0
1 aN 1 1 a2
c1 = = = a1 a3a4 = 1,3333 ( 0,111110,) 333333 = 1,29629
aN a1 a4 a1
1 aN 2 1 a2
c2 = = = a2 a2a4 = 0,19444 0,194444.( 0,11111) = 0,216
aN a2 a4 a2
1 a1

c3 = = a3 a1a4 = 0,333333 ( 1,33333).( 0,11111) = 0,185

a4 a3

13

d0=c0c0-c3c3=0,9412; d1=c0c1-c3c2=-1,320; d2= c0c2-c3c1=0,453

D(-1)=1+1,33333+0,19444-0,3333-0,11111>0,N=4 chn - tho mn
Ia4I=0,11111<a0=1
tho mn
I c3 I=0,185< I c0I=0,98765
tho mn
I d2 I=0,216< I d0I=0,453
tho mn
2.14. Cho h thng c phng trnh sai phn y(n)=3y(n-1)-1,75y(n-2)-x(n)
+3x(n-2) vi x(n)=3nu(n),iu kin ban u.y(-2)=1,y(-1)=2;Tm phn ng
v xt tnh n nh .
a) y(n)-3y(n-1)+1,75y(n-2)=-x(n)+3x(n-2)
z2 + 3
z2 3z +1,75
z2 + 3
;
Y
(
z
)
=
X
(
z
)
z2
z2
z2
Y (z)
z2 + 3
z2 + 3
H(z) =
= 2
=
X (z) z 3z +1,75 (z 2,2)(z 0,79)
Y (z) 3z1 Y (z) +1,75z2 Y (z) = X (z)

h thng khng n nh .
1
3z2
Y (z) 3[z1 Y (z) + y(1)] +1,75[z2 Y (z) + z1y(1) + y(2)] =
+
=
1 3z1 1 3z1
z2 + 3
Y (z) 3z1 Y (z) 3y(1) +1,75z2 Y (z) +1,75z1 y(1) +1,75y(2) =

z(z 3)
2

Y (z) 3Z1 Y (z) +1,75z2 Y (z) =

Y (z)[1 3Z1 +1,75z2 ] =
Y (z)

z +3
3,5
+ 4,25
z(z 3)
z
2

z2 + 3 + 4,25z2 12,75z 3,5z +10,5 3,25z2 16,25z +13,5

=
z(z 3)
z(z 3)

z2 3Z +1,75 3,25z2 16,25z +13,5

=
z(z 3)
z2

A
A1
A2
Y (z) 3,25z2 16,25z +13,5
3,25z2 16,25z +13,5
=

=
+
+ 3
2
z
(z 3)(z 3Z +1,75) (z 3)(z 2,2)(z 0,8) z 0,8 z 2,2 z 3
A1 =

3,25z2 16,25z +13,5

(z 3)(z 2,2)

A2 =

3,25z 16,25z +13,5

(z 3)(z 0,8)

2,58
= 4,38
3,08

6,52
3,25z2 16,25z +13,5
= 5,82; A 3 =
1,12
(z 0,8)(z 2,2)

z=0,8

z=2,2

=
z=3

6
= 2,54
2,36

y(n) = 4,38(0,8)n + 5,82(2,2)n 2,54(3)n u(n);

Theo cng thc v d 19:

n

x(n) = 0,5.3 u(n) + 2.( 1,322) u(n) cos(n1,38+ 0,1)

n
2
= [2.1,322

cos(n1,38+ 0,1) 0,5.3n ]u(n)

Chng minh li cng thc trong V d 2.19:

14

X ( z)
1
= 2
=
z
z + 2az+ b2

1
*

( z zP1)(z zP1)
*

vi a2 < b2; ' = j b2 a2 = j ; zP1 = a + j = zP1 ej ; zP2 = zP1 = a j = zP1 ej ;

.

X ( z)
E
=
+
z
z zP1

E
*

z zP1

X ( z)
E=
( z zp1) z=z =
p1
z
*

E=

X ( z) =

X ( z)
( z zp1) * =
z
z=zp1

j
e 2

( zP1 zp1)
j

2 b2 a2

z
e
z
e
z
e
z
+
=
+
*
j

j
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 b a z zp1 2 b a z zp1 2 b a z zp1 e
2 b a z zp1 e
2

ej900
x( n) =
zp1 ej
2 b2 a2

(z

ej 90

2 b2 a2

j n
u( n)
p1 e

ej( n900) + ej( n900)

u( n) = u( n)
2

b2 a2

zp1

1
1
e 2
=
=
=
;
*
a + j ( a j)
j2 2 b2 a2
( zp1 zP1)
1

zp1

n
0

b2 a2

cos( n 90 ) =

zp1

b2 a2

sin( n) u( n)

b2 a2
b
zp1 = a2 + 2 = a2 + b2 a2 = b; = arctg = arctg
= arctg 1
a
a
a
x( n) =

b
sin( n); = arctg 1
2
2
a
b a
bu( n)

2.15.
Gii
phng
trnh
sai
phn
y(n)=x(n)+0,3y(n-1)
x(n)=3u(n)sin(0,3n) v iu kin ban u khng
1
sin(0,3)
z1 sin(0,3)
zsin(0,3)
z
X (z) = 3
=3
=3 2
=
1
2
2
1
1 2z cos(0,3) + z
z 2z cos(0,3) +1
1 cos(0,3) + 2
z
z
z0,8
2,4z
3 2
=
z 1,7755z +1 z2 1,7755z +1

Y (z)

z 0,3
2,4z
= 2
=
z
z 1,1755z + 1

2,4z

vi

;
*

(z zPe)(z zpe)

15

z = 0,5877 j0,809 ej 0,9425

z = 0,5877 + j0,809 ej 0,9425 ;

Y (z)
A
=
+
z
z 0,3

z zpe

2,4z
z 1,1755z +1 z=0,3

A=

z zpe
0,72
=
= 0,9765
0,73735

2,4z

B=

(z 0,3)(z zpe) z=z. pe=

2,4(0,5877 + j0,809)
(0,5877 + j0,809 0,3)(0,5877 + j0,809 (0,5877 j0,809)

2,4(0,5877 + j0,809)
ej(0,94251,2291)
= j1,483
=1,727 ej(0,94251,22911,5707 ) =1,727 ej1,8573
(0,2877 + j0,809)j2.0,809
0,8586
*

B =1,727 e+j1,8573
y(n) = 0,9765(0,3)n u(n) + 2.1,727 u(n)(1)n cos(n0,9425 1,8573) =
n
0
,454
n0,9425
,9765
(0,3) u(n) +3

.u(n)cos(

1,8573

)
y0

yP

2.16. Gii phng trnh sai phn y(n)=4x(n)+3y(n-1) vi tc ng x(n)=3n

u(n)cos0,5n v iu kin ban u khng ,tm y0(n) v yP(n):

( )

x(n) = 3n u(n) cos(0,5n) = 31 u(n) cos(0,5n)

X (z) =

1 31 z1 cos0,5
1
z2
=
=
1 2.31 z1 cos0,5 + (31 )2 z2 1 + 32 z2 z2 1
9

cngthc
13
.

z 3
4z2
Y (z)
4z2
4z2
A
B
B
Y (z)
=

=
=
=
+
+
.
*
1
1
j
j
z
z
z

3
z2
(z 3)(z2 ) (z 3)(z )(z + )
z zpe z zpe
9
9
3
3

j 1 j2 *
j 1 j
= e ; zpe = = e 2
3 3
3 3
2
4z
36
36.9
A=
=
=
= 4,05
1
1
80
(z2 )
9
9 z=3
9
.

zp1 = 3; zpe =

B=

4z2
j
z=
3

j
(z 3)(z + )
3
2 j1,46 * 2 j1,46
e
;B = e
9
9

1
9

j
j
( 3)(2 )
3
3

1
9

j 9 j
2
3
3

4
2
2
=
=

2 j(j 9) 1 j9 1 + j9

2 1
4
y(n) = 4,05(3)n u(n) + 2. . u(n) cos(0,5n 1,46) = 4,05(3)n u(n) + (31 )n u(n) cos(0,5n 1,46)
9 3
9
n
( n+2 )
=4
.3 u(n) cos(
,46
,05
(3) u(n) + 4

0,5n
1
)
y0

yp

2.17. Tm c tnh xung ca h thng:

16

Y (z) = 0,5z1Y (z) +3X (z) + 2z1X (z)

z 0,5
3z + 2
= X (z)
;
z
z
3z + 2
3z
2z1z.
H(z) =
=
+
z 0,5 z 0,5 z 0,5
Y (z)

H thng n nh; h(n)=3(0,5)nu(n)+2(0,5)n-1u(n1)

1,5

+
Z-1 Y(z)

Z-1
+

Z-1
X(z) Z

-0,5

Z-1

-1

1,5

2.18. Xy dng s cu trc ca h

thng theo hm h thng H(z)=

3
2

z(2z + z 3)

Y (z)
3
= H(z) =
=
2
X (z)
z(2z + z 3)
3z1
3z3
1,5z3
=
=
z2 (2 + z1 3z2 ) (2 + z1 3z2 ) (1 + 0,5z1 1,5z2 )
Y (z)(1 +0,5z1 1,5z2 ) = X (z)1,5z3
Hay Y (z) = 0,5z1Y (z) +1,5z2 Y (z) +1,5z3 X (z)

y(n)=-0,5y(n-1)+1,5y(n-2)+1,5x(n-3)
2.19. Cho mch vi tc ng l x(n)=2nu(n)sin(5n).Tm y(n).
Y(z)=X(z)(1-2Z-1)+0,5Z-2Y(z) hay:
(1 2z1 ) (1 2z1 )
0,5zsin5
=
2
2
2
1 0,5z
1 0,5z z 0,5z cos5 + 0,25
(z 2)z
0,5zsin5
= 2
;
2
(z 0,5) z 0,5z cos5 + 0,25
Y (z)
(z 2)
0,4794z
= 2
. 2
z
(z 0,5) z 0,1418z + 0,25
Y (z) = X (z)

A1
A2
Y (z)
=
+
+
z
z 0,7071 z + 0,7071
.

z zpe

X(z)

Z-1

Z-1
-2

B
*

z zpe

Z-1
0,5

zpepe = 0,0709 + j0,4949 0,5ej1,4285

*.

zpepe = 0,0709 j0,4949 0,5ej1,4285

17

Y(z)

A1 =

0,4794z + 0,9588
0,6198
=
= 0,6745
2
(z + 0,7071)(z 0,1418z + 0,25) Z=0,7071 0,9188

A2 =

0,4794z + 0,9588
1,2977
=
= 1,0792
2

1,2024
(z 0,7071)(z 0,1418z + 0,25) Z=0,7071

B=

0,4794z + 0,9588
=
(z 0,5)(z 0,0709 + j0,4949) Z=0,0709+j 0,4949
2

0,4794(0,0709 + j0,4949) + 0,9588

=
[(0,0709 + j0,4949)2 0,5](0,0709 + j0,4949 0,0709 + j0,4949)
0,9248 j0,2372
0,9343 j0,2396
0,9645ej(0,251+3,0464+1,5707 )
= j
=
=
[0,7398 + j0,0701]2 j0,4949
0,7398 + j0,07017
0,7431
1,2979ej 4,8681 =1,2979ej1,415
*

B =1,2979ej1,415

y(n) = 0,6745
n

0,5

u(n) 1,0792 0,5

u(n) + 2.1,2979.(0,5)n u(n) cos(

1,4285n +1.215) =

[0,6745( 0,5) 2 1,0792( 0,5) 2 + 2,5958(0,5)n cos(

1,4285n +1.215)]u(n)

2.20.Tm H(z) ri xt tnh n nh

Ha(z)
+

10
5z + 2

Hb(z)
+

-1

Y(z)

4
2z 1
-1

-2z

0,5z
-1

-0,2z

10
+ ( 2Z1) =
5z + 2
10
2
4
=
;
5z + 2 z z(5z + 2)
4
4z
2
z
1
H b ( z) =
=
4
(2z 3)
1
( 0,5z1)
2z 1
4
4
z
1,6
H ab( z) = H a ( z) H b ( z) =
.
= 16
=
(5z + 2) 2z 3
5( z + 0,4)2(z 1,5)
( z + 0,4)( z 1,5)
1,6

H ab(z)
1,6( z + 0,4)(z 1,5)z
( z + 0,4)(z 1,5)
H( z) =
=
=
1
1,6
( z + 0,4)(z 1,5)[0,8 + ( z + 0,4)(z 1,5) z]
1 0,5z H ab( z) 1+ 0,5
z ( z + 0,4)(z 1,5)
H a ( z) =

18

1,6
1,6
1,6
=
= 3
=
2
2
0,8 + (z + 0,4)(z 1,5)z
0,8 + (z + 0,4)(z 1,5z)
z 1,1z 0,6z + 0,8
1,6

(z 0,82)(z 0,96)2

zp1 0,82;zp2 0,96 + j0,23 = 0,987 ej 0,235 ;zp3 0,96 j0,23 = 0,987 ej 0,235

H thng n nh .
2.21.
RXY(z)=X(z)Y(z-1); RYX(z)=X(z-1)Y(z);
1. Tm hm tng quan cu dy x(n)=anu(n) vi dy y1(n)=u(n);
ZT[rxy(m)]=

1
1

1
z
z
=
=
1 z ( z a)(1 z)
( z a)( z 1)

1 az
A
B
1
1
1
1
=
+
;A =
; B=
;
z=a =
z=1 =
z
z a z 1
z 1
1 a
za
1 a
1
z
1
z
1
z
z
R xy(z) =

=
[

]=
1 a z a 1 a z 1 1 a z a z 1
1
rxy(m) =
[am 1]u(m)
1 a
1
1
z
z
1
z
ZT[ryx (m)] = R Y (z) =
=
=
=
1
1
1

az
(
z

1
)(
1

az
)
(
z

1
)(
1

az
)
a
1z
(z 1)(z )
a
R yx (z)
1
1
1
A
B
=
= [
+
];
1
1
z
a
a (z 1)
(z 1)(z )
(z )
a
a
R xy(z)

A=

1
1
z
a

z=1

1
1
1
a

a
1
; B=
a 1
z 1

1
z=
a

1 a
z
a
R yx(z) = [

a a 1 z 1 1 a

a
a
=
;
1 a a 1

] = [

1
z
1
+
a 1 z 1 a 1

1
a
1
z
1
z
1
z
z
[

]=
[

]
1
1
1 a z 1 1 a
1 a z 1
z
z
a
a
1
rxy(m) =
[1 am]u(m)
1 a
1
rxy(m) =
[am 1]u( m)
1 a
1
ryx(m) =
[1 am]u( m)
1 a
z

z
z

1
a

]=

a=0,5

1,9375
-1,875
rxy(m)
1,75
1,5

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
-1

-1,5
-1,75
-1,875

m
19

rxy ( m) = 2[ 0,5m 1]u( m)

ryx ( m) = 2[10,5m]u( m);
ryx ( m) = 2[10,5m]u( m);

m
0
1
2
3
4
5
rxy(m 0
-1
-1,5
-1,75
-1,875
-1,9375
)
ryx(m 0
-2
-6
-14
-30
-62
)
ryx(0
1
1,5
1,75
1,875
1,9375
m)
2. Tm hm tng quan cu dy x(n)=anu(n) vi dy y2(n)= a-nu(n):

ZT ryx( m) = Y ( z) Z(z1) =

z1

z
1

z a

1
1 1

1 a z

1
=
1 az

z
1
1
(z )a( z )
a
a

1
a

z
1
(z ) 2
a

1 1
ryx(m) = m u( m) = m a( m+1) u( m)
a a

3. Tm hm tng quan cu dy x(n)=anu(n) vi dy y4(n)=rectN(n):

ZT ryx (m) = Y (z)Z(z1 ) =

1 zN z1
(zN 1)z 1
z(zN 1)
=
=
1 z1 z1 a zN (z 1) 1 az zN (z 1)(1 az)

1 (1 zN )
1
1
zN
=
=

1
1
1
1
a
a
zN (z 1)(z )
(z 1)(z )
(z 1)(z ) (z 1)(z )

a
a

a
a

R YX 1 (z) R YX 2 (z)
=
+
z
z
R YX 1 (z) 1
1
1
A
B
1
A
B
=
=
[
+
];
=
+
]
1
1
1
1
z
a
a (z 1)
(z 1)
(z 1)(z )
(z ) (z 1)(z )
(z )
a
a
a
a
(zN 1)

R YX (z)
1
=
z
a

A=

1
z=1

1
(z )
a

R YX (z) =

a
1
;B =
a 1
(z 1)

1 a
z
(

a a 1 z 1

R YX (z) 1
=
z
a

1
1
a

1
a

) ryx1 (m) =

a
a
=
'
1 a
a 1

1
1
[1 ]u(m)
1 a
a
mN

zN

1
1
ryx2 (m) =
[1
1
1 a
a
(z 1)(z )
a
m

ryx (m) =

z
z

1
z=
a

]u(m N)

mN

1
1
1
{[1 ]u(m) [1
1 a
a
a

u(m N)}

2.22. Tm hm t tng qua ca cc dy:

1.
x1(n)=u(n)
rx1(z) =

2.

1
1 z

1
z
1
z
=
.
=
; rxx(m) = mu(m)
1 z z 1 1 z
(z 1)2

x2(n)=anu(n);
20

rx2 (z) =

2.

1 az

1
z
1
z
=
.
=
; r (m) = mamu(m)
2 xx
1 az z a 1 az
(z a)

x3(n)=rectN(n);
rx3(z) =
2

4.

1 zN 1 zN
(1 zN )(1 zN )
1 zN zN + 1
2 zN zN
.
=

z
=

z
=

z
=
1 z1 1 z
(z 1)2
(z 1)2
(z 1)2

z
2

(z 1)

+ zN

z
2

(z 1)

+ z(N )

z
(z 1)2

rx3 = 2mu(m) + (m N)u(m N) + (m+ N)u(m+ N)

x4(n)=anrectN(n);
N 1

1 aN z N

n=0

1 az1

X (z) = anzn =

rX 4(z) =

1 aN z N 1 aN zN
.
1 az
1 az1

21