Official User Guide

Linux Mint
MATE Edition

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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION TO LINUX MINT........................................................................................ 4 HISTORY.........................................................................................................................................4 PURPOSE.........................................................................................................................................4 VERSION NUMBERS AND CODENAMES ..................................................................................................5 EDITIONS........................................................................................................................................6 WHERE TO FIND HELP.......................................................................................................................6 INSTALLATION OF LINUX MINT.......................................................................................... 7 DOWNLOAD THE ISO.......................................................................................................................7 VIA TORRENT.................................................................................................................................8 Install a Torrent client...............................................................................................................8 Download the Torrent file.........................................................................................................8 VIA A DO N!OAD "IRROR................................................................................................................8 READ THE RELEASE NOTES..............................................................................................................8 CHECK THE MD5...........................................................................................................................9 BURN THE ISO TO DVD...............................................................................................................1 BOOT THE LIVEDVD....................................................................................................................11 INSTALL LINUX MINT ON YOUR HARD DRIVE...................................................................................1! THE BOOT SE"UENCE.....................................................................................................................19 INTRODUCTION TO THE LINUX MINT DESKTOP......................................................... !1 THE MATE DESKTOP..................................................................................................................!1 DESKTOP SETTIN#S........................................................................................................................!1 #ETTIN# TO $NO T%E "EN&..........................................................................................................'( The )Places* +en,..................................................................................................................'( The )-.ste+* +en,................................................................................................................'5 The )A//lications* +en,........................................................................................................'0 The )-earch* field...................................................................................................................(1 DE1INE 2O&R 1AVORITE APP!I3ATION-..............................................................................................(1 "A$E 2O&R O N -%ORT3&T-..........................................................................................................(' !A&N3% APP!I3ATION- A&TO"ATI3A!!2 %EN 2O& !O# IN..................................................................(' 3%AN#E T%E APPEARAN3E O1 T%E "EN&..........................................................................................(' A3TIVATE T%E RE3ENT P!&#4IN......................................................................................................(( RE-TORE T%E DE1A&!T -ETTIN#-......................................................................................................(5 REP!A3E T%E "EN& IT% T%E DE1A&!T "ATE "EN&........................................................................(5 SOFTWARE MANA#EMENT................................................................................................. $5 PACKA#E MANA#EMENT IN LINUX MINT.........................................................................................$5 T%E -O1T ARE "ANA#ER.............................................................................................................50 T%E "EN&..................................................................................................................................50 -2NAPTI3 6 APT........................................................................................................................50 REMOVE APPLICATIONS...................................................................................................................41

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1RO" T%E "EN&..........................................................................................................................51 &-IN# APT.................................................................................................................................5' -2NAPTI3.....................................................................................................................................5' UPDATE YOUR SYSTEM AND YOUR APPLICATIONS................................................................................4! &-IN# T%E &PDATE "ANA#ER........................................................................................................5( TIPS AND TRICKS.................................................................................................................... 47 COPY AND PASTE WITH THE MOUSE..................................................................................................47 TAKES NOTES WITH TOMBOY..........................................................................................................48 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................... 49

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I%&'()*+&,(% &( L,%*- M,%&

!in,7 "int is a co+/,ter o/erating s.ste+ designed to wor8 on +ost +odern s.ste+s9 incl,ding t./ical 78: and 7:5 P3s. !in,7 "int can ;e tho,ght of as filling the sa+e role as "icrosoft<s indows9 A//le<s "ac O-9 and the free =-D O-. !in,7 "int is also designed to wor8 in con>,nction with other o/erating s.ste+s ?incl,ding those listed a;o@eA9 and can a,to+aticall. set ,/ a )d,al ;oot* or )+,lti4;oot* en@iron+ent ?where the ,ser is /ro+/ted as to which o/erating s.ste+ to start at each ;oot4,/A d,ring its installation. !in,7 "int is a great o/erating s.ste+ for indi@id,als and for co+/anies.

H,.&('/
!in,7 "int is a @er. +odern o/erating s.ste+B Its de@elo/+ent started in '00:. It is9 howe@er9 ;,ilt ,/on @er. +at,re and /ro@en software la.ers9 incl,ding the !in,7 8ernel9 the #N& tools and the "ATE des8to/. It also relies on the &;,nt, and De;ian /ro>ects and ,ses their s.ste+s as a ;ase. The !in,7 "int /ro>ect foc,ses on +a8ing the des8to/ +ore ,sa;le and +ore efficient for e@er.da. tas8s /erfor+ed ;. reg,lar ,sers. &nderneath the des8to/ the o/erating s.ste+ also /ro@ides a h,ge collection of a@aila;le software and a @er. well integrated set of ser@ices. !in,7 "int saw a ra/id rise in /o/,larit. and +ore and +ore /eo/le ,se it e@er. da..

P*'0(.1
The /,r/ose of !in,7 "int is to /ro@ide a des8to/ o/erating s.ste+ that ho+e ,sers and co+/anies can ,se at no cost and which is as efficient9 eas. to ,se9 and elegant as /ossi;le. One of the a+;itions of the !in,7 "int /ro>ect is to ;eco+e the ;est o/erating s.ste+ a@aila;le ;. +a8ing it eas. for /eo/le to get to ,se ad@anced technologies9 rather than ;. si+/lif.ing the+ ?and there;. red,cing their ca/a;ilitiesA9 or ;. co/.ing the a//roaches ta8en ;. other de@elo/ers. The goal is to de@elo/ o,r own idea of the ideal des8to/. e thin8 that it is ;est to +a8e the +ost o,t of the +odern technologies that e7ist ,nder !in,7 and +a8e it eas. for e@er.;od. to ,se its +ost ad@anced feat,res.

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V1'.,(% %*231'. 4%) +()1%421.

Version n,+;ers and codena+es follow a ,niC,e logic in !in,7 "intD 4 4 3odena+es /ro@ide a wa. to refer to @ersions of !in,7 "int that is +ore fa+iliar than ,sing a @ersion n,+;er. -ince @ersion 59 !in,7 "int has followed a : +onths release c.cle and ,ses a si+/lified @ersion sche+e. The @ersion n,+;er si+/l. gets incre+ented e@er. : +onths. If re@isions are +ade to a /artic,lar release ?a ;it li8e -er@ice Pac8s in indowsA its @ersion n,+;er gets a +inor re@ision incre+ent. 1or instance )(* ;eco+es )(.1*. 3odena+es in !in,7 "int are alwa.s fe+ale na+es ending with )a*. The. follow the al/ha;etical order and the first letter of the codena+e corres/onds to the inde7 of the @ersion n,+;er in the al/ha;et.

-o far !in,7 "int has ,sed the following codena+esD V1'.,(% 1.0 '.0 '.1 '.' (.0 (.1 5.0 5 : E 8 0 10 11 1' 1( 15 C()1%421 Ada =ar;ara =ea =ianca 3assandra 3elena Dar.na El.ssa 1elicia #loria %elena Isadora F,lia $at.a !isa "a.a Nadia Page 5 of 50

15

Oli@ia

E),&,(%.
An Edition is a release of !in,7 "int which is c,sto+iGed to address a certain set of needs. This g,ide co@ers the "ATE Edition. %ere are so+e of the +ost /o/,lar editionsD "ATE Edition ?,ses a "ATE des8to/A 3inna+on Edition ?,ses a 3inna+on des8to/A $DE Edition ?,ses a $DE des8to/A Hfce Edition ?,ses an Hfce des8to/A

If .o, donIt 8now which edition to ,se9 .o, sho,ld choose the "ATE Edition. NoteD If .o, intend to redistri;,te or to +a8e co++ercial ,se of !in,7 "int in the &-A or in Fa/an and if .o,Ire not s,re a;o,t /atent legislation .o, sho,ld ,se the )3D No 3odecs* installation i+ages.

W51'1 &( 6,%) 5170

The !in,7 "int co++,nit. is @er. hel/f,l and @er. acti@e. If .o, ha@e C,estions or a /ro;le+ related to !in,7 "int9 .o, sho,ld ;e a;le to get hel/ fro+ other ,sers online. 1irst9 +a8e s,re to register with the )!in,7 "int 1or,+s*. This is the @er. first /lace where .o, can find hel/D htt/DJJwww.lin,7+int.co+Jfor,+. If .o, want to chat with other ,sers .o, can connect to the IR3 chat roo+. &nder !in,7 "int si+/l. la,nch )H3hat* fro+ the +en,. If .o,Ire ,sing another o/erating s.ste+ or another IR3 client +a8e s,re to connect to the )irc.s/otchat.org* ser@er and to >oin the channels )Klin,7+int4hel/* and )Klin,7+int4chat*. !in,7 "int ,ses &;,nt, re/ositories ?+ore on what this +eans laterA and is f,ll. co+/ati;le with it so +ost of the reso,rces9 articles9 t,torials9 and software +ade for &;,nt, also wor8 for !in,7 "int. If .o, canIt find hel/ on a s/ecific s,;>ect9 +a8e s,re to search on the sa+e s,;>ect for &;,nt,.
Note: Ubuntu is another operating system based on GNU/Linux.

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Note: A repository is an online service by which software is stored and made available for the operating system to install and update from. ost operating systems based on GNU/Linux use repositories and connect to them via !""# or $"# to install and upgrade their software.

I%.&4774&,(% (6 L,%*- M,%&

2o, can download the !in,7 "int o/erating s.ste+ for free. It co+es as an I-O file which .o, need to ;,rn to a ;lan8 DVD. The li@eDVD is then ;oota;le and /ro@ides a f,ll.4f,nctional o/erating s.ste+ which .o, can tr. witho,t affecting .o,r P3. In la.+an<s ter+s9 when .o, /,t !in,7 "int on a DVD and /lace it into .o,r co+/,ter9 .o, can tr. it o,t while lea@ing .o,r c,rrent s.ste+ intact.
Note: %t is also possible to write the %&' image to a U&( stic) or other memory device and boot from that* or to boot from the %&' image on the hard drive* but these options are somewhat more advanced and the method presented here is recommended. $or help with alternative methods of installing and running Linux int* please visit the forums.

If .o, li8e what .o, see when r,nning the li@eDVD .o, can decide to install the s.ste+ to .o,r hard dri@e. All the necessar. tools ?/artitioning and installation toolsA are /resent on the DVD.

D(8%7(4) &51 ISO

NoteD If .o, don<t ha@e a ;road;and connection9 or if .o,r Internet access is too slow .o, can order the DVD fro+ this we; siteD htt/DJJwww.osdisc.co+ Otherwise9 .o, can @isit the htt/DJJwww.lin,7+int.co+Jdownload./h/ Then choose the edition .o,<re interested in. 1ro+ this /age9 .o, sho,ld ;e a;le to findD an "D5 signat,re a torrent lin8 a list of download +irrors The file .o, need to download is an I-O file. There are two wa.s to download this file9 ;. torrent ?a Peer to Peer /rotocolA or @ia a download +irror ?%TTP or 1TP /rotocolA. Once .o,r download is finished9 .o, can ens,re .o,r I-O file isnIt corr,/ted ;. chec8ing its signat,re with the "D5. !in,7 "int download /age hereD

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V,4 T(''1%&
Torrent is a Peer to Peer ?P'PA /rotocol. =asicall.9 instead of downloading fro+ a central location9 a torrent lets .o, download the I-O file in /arts fro+ different /eo/le across the Internet. The +ore /eo/le who download the I-O file9 the faster the download s/eed gets. This is the /referred and reco++ended wa. to download !in,7 "int. I%.&477 4 T(''1%& +7,1%& 2o, need a /iece of software called a )torrent client* in order to download files @ia torrent. If .o, r,n !in,79 .o, can install )Trans+ission*. If .o, r,n !in,7 "int9 Trans+ission is alread. installed. If .o, r,n indows9 .o, can ,se V,Ge ? htt/DJJaG,re,s.so,rceforge.netJ A.

D(8%7(4) &51 T(''1%& 6,71 The ne7t ste/ is to follow the torrent lin8 fro+ the !in,7 "int we;site and to download the .torrent file. This file is @er. s+all. After it downloads9 .o, sho,ld o/en it with .o,r torrent client. The torrent client will /ro;a;l. as8 .o, where .o, want to sa@e the I-O. -elect a destination and then wait for the download to co+/lete. 1or +ore infor+ation a;o,t htt/DJJen.wi8i/edia.orgJwi8iJ=itTorrent the torrent /rotocol9 @isitD

V,4 4 )(8%7(4) 2,''('

If .o, canIt9 or do not choose to ,se the torrent /rotocol9 then loo8 at the list of download +irrors and /ic8 one of the+. The.Ill /ro@ide a lin8 to the I-O file itself which .o, can >,st clic8 to start the download. NoteD Re+e+;er that ;andwidth is li+ited tho,gh and the +ore /eo/le download fro+ a +irror9 the slower the download s/eed gets for e@er.;od. who is downloading fro+ that +irror. 1,rther+ore9 if for so+e reason the download sho,ld ;e interr,/ted9 it +a. ;e corr,/ted and the download +a. ha@e to ;e restarted. 1or these reasons it +ight ;e worthwhile ,sing a download +anager9 li8e for !in,79 or for indows9 if ta8ing this ro,te.

R14) &51 R1714.1 N(&1.

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2o,r download is /ro;a;l. going to last at least an ho,r9 so now wo,ld ;e the /erfect ti+e for .o, to get fa+iliar with the new feat,res co+ing with the release .o,Ire c,rrentl. downloading. The release notes are feat,red on the !in,7 "int we; /age and answer the following C,estionsD hat are the new feat,res deli@ered in this releaseL hat are the 8nown /ro;le+s of this releaseL %ow do I ,/grade fro+ the /re@io,s releaseL

The. also contain screenshots of the latest release. Of co,rse9 .o, co,ld find o,t a;o,t +ost feat,res highlighted in the release notes ;. si+/l. ,sing the o/erating s.ste+9 ;,t .o, +ight +iss a few things9 so it is +ost relia;le to read the release notes. The release notes for !in,7 "int 15 Oli@ia are a@aila;le hereD htt/DJJwww.lin,7+int.co+JrelMoli@ia./h/

C51+9 &51 MD5

2o,I@e read the release notes9 .o, >,st canIt wait to /la. with the new feat,res or tr. !in,7 "int9 and .o,r download >,st finished s,ccessf,ll.. 2o,Ire read. to ;,rn a DVD and to ;oot on itN ;,t he.O ait for a secondO If that DVD is fa,lt. .o, will e7/erience weird ;,gs and will ha@e a lot of tro,;le finding hel/. The two +ost co++on reasons for a DVD to ;e fa,lt. areD An iss,e with the download ca,sing /ro;le+s in .o,r I-O file An error d,ring the ;,rn /rocess that alters the contents of .o,r ;,rned li@eDVD

The "D5 signat,re9 which is /resent on the download /age9 /ro@ides a C,ic8 wa. for .o, to +a8e s,re that .o,r I-O file is e7actl. li8e it sho,ld ;e. -o9 letIs chec8 the I-O file .o, >,st downloaded ;efore we ;,rn it and sa@e o,rsel@es fro+ a lot of /otential /ro;le+s. If .o, r,n an. @ersion of !in,7 .o, /ro;a;l. alread. ha@e the +d5s,+ /rogra+ installed. O/en a ter+inal and )cd* to the director. where .o,r I-O file is ?for instance9 if )lin,7+int.iso* is on the Des8to/A9 o/en a ter+inal and t./eD
cd ~/Desktop md5sum linuxmint.iso

This co++and sho,ld o,t/,t a series of n,+;ers and letters which co+/rise the "D5 s,+9 or signat,re9 of .o,r I-O file. =. design9 an. s+all change to the I-O file will ca,se

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this signat,re to ;e significantl. different9 allowing ,s to @erif. that the file is e7actl. as it sho,ld ;e. 3o+/are that signat,re with the one on the download /age of the !in,7 "int we;site. If the two signat,res are the sa+e9 then .o, 8now .o,r I-O file is e7actl. the sa+e as the original and .o, can now get read. to ;,rn it on DVD If .o, ha//en to r,n indows9 chances are .o, donIt ha@e +d5s,+ installed. 2o, can get it fro+ hereD htt/DJJwww.etree.orgJ+d5co+.ht+l Place the I-O file and the +d5s,+.e7e in the sa+e /lace ?letIs sa. in 3DPA and r,n )c+d.e7e*. In the co++and line en@iron+ent9 t./e the following co++andsD
C: cd \ md5sum linuxmint.iso

Then co+/are the signat,re to the one /resent on the we;site.

B*'% &51 ISO &( DVD

Now that .o, ha@e chec8ed the I-O file with "D59 .o, are read. to ;,rn it to a DVD.
Note: Linux int also provides images which fit on +,, ( -.s. %f you can/t burn .0.s please use the -. images instead.

#et a ;lan8 DVD4R ?a DVD4R sho,ld wor8 as well9 ;,t this t./e of +edia is 8nown to ha@e co+/ati;ilit. iss,esA and .o,r fa@orite +ar8er and la;el the DVD. Altho,gh la;eling .o,r DVDs so,nds tri@ial9 .o, sho,ld ;e s,re to do so9 as .o, can easil. end ,/ with '0 ,nla;eled and ,nidentifia;le discs on .o,r des8. DA Insert the ;lan8 DVD4R in the dri@e and get read. to ;,rn the I-O. If .o,Ire r,nning !in,7 with "ATE right4clic8 on the I-O file and select ) rite to Disc*. If .o,Ire r,nning !in,7 with $DE9 la,nch $(= and in the )Tools* +en, choose ) rite I-O I+age*. If .o,<re r,nning !in,7 and wo,ld li8e to ,se the ter+inal9 fro+ the director. .o, ha@e downloaded the i+age toD
cdrecord -v -dao dev=1,0,0 linuxmint.iso

Re/lacing the n,+;ers after de@Q with the a//ro/riate de@ice n,+;er for .o,r disc dri@e. 2o, can r,n
cdrecord -scanbus

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to find this o,t. 2o, +a. need to ;e root to r,n these co++ands. If .o,Ire r,nning indows .o, can ,se a /rogra+ li8e InfraRecorderD htt/DJJinfrarecorder.so,rceforge.netJL/ageMidQ5
Note: a)e sure to burn the %&' image to dis)* and not to write the %&' file to the dis). A very common mista)e* especially for people using Nero* is to actually burn the %&' file on the dis) as a data file. "he %&' file is an image of a dis) so it needs to be burnt not as a file which will appear on the dis)* but as an %&' image which will be decompressed and whose content will be burnt onto the disc. After burning the .0. you shouldn/t see the %&' file within the disc* but rather folders li)e 1casper2 or 1isolinux2. ost burning software has a special option for this.

B((& &51 L,:1DVD

Place the DVD in the dri@e and restart the co+/,ter. 2o, sho,ld now see the following screenD

Note: %f you don3t see this screen and your #- boots as usual it3s probably because your (%'& is not set to boot on .0.. 4estart the computer and press $5* $6* .elete* or 7scape 8or whatever )ey lets you enter the (%'& configuration9 and change your (%'& settings to tell your computer to boot from its .0. drive.

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I%.&477 L,%*- M,%& (% /(*' H4') D',:1

1ro+ the first screen choose the defa,lt )-tart !in,7 "int* o/tion and /ress Enter.

After a little while the li@e s.ste+ sho,ld ;e read. and .o, sho,ld see the des8to/D

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At this stage !in,7 "int is not installed on .o,r co+/,ter9 itIs si+/l. r,nning fro+ the DVD. The s.ste+ .o, ha@e in front of .o, is9 howe@er9 al+ost e7actl. the sa+e as the one .o, will ha@e on .o,r co+/,ter after the installation is finished. %a@e f,n with it and see if .o, li8e it. =ear in +ind that when r,nning fro+ the DVD9 !in,7 "int r,ns significantl. slower than it does when it is installed on a hard dri@e9 since it has to read data fro+ the DVD dri@e9 which is a slower +edi,+ than the hard dri@e. hen .o, are read.9 do,;le4clic8 on the )Install !in,7 "int* icon located on the des8to/. The Installer a//earsD

If .o, ha@enIt read the release notes .et9 and .o, ha@e an Internet connection9 then this an ideal o//ort,nit. to re@iew the+B si+/l. clic8 on the ,nderlined lin8. It is highl. reco++ended that ,sers read the release notes prior to installation in order to ad@ise the+sel@es of new feat,res9 as well as an. iss,es that +ight affect their /artic,lar hardware config,ration. -elect .o,r lang,age and /ress the )1orward* ;,tton.

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In the ne7t screen9 +a8e s,re .o,<re connected to a /ower so,rce ?if .o,<re ,sing a la/to/A9 the Internet and that .o, ha@e the reco++ended a+o,nt of dis8 s/ace. Then /ress the )1orward* ;,tton.

In the ne7t screen .o, can assign .o,r entire hard dri@e to !in,7 "int or install it alongside other o/erating s.ste+s. Alternati@el.9 .o, can also define and assign the /artitions +an,all..

If .o, choose to ,se the entire dis89 its content will ;e erased and !in,7 "int will ;e installed as the onl. o/erating s.ste+ on .o,r co+/,ter. If .o, choose to install it alongside other o/erating s.ste+s9 the installer will ,se the free s/ace a@aila;le on other /artitions to create a new one for !in,7 "int. Page 15 of 50

2o, will ;e as8ed how +,ch s/ace .o, want to allocate to it. The installer will then shrin8 a /artition and ta8e care of e@er.thing for .o,. Post4installation .o,r co+/,ter will ha@e a ;oot screen fro+ which .o,<ll ;e a;le to ;oot all .o,r o/erating s.ste+s. If .o, choose to s/ecif. /artitions +an,all.9 a /artition editor will a//ear9 gi@ing .o, f,ll control o@er the /artitioning of .o,r hard dri@e. This is reco++ended onl. to ad@anced ,sers who ,nderstand how /artitioning wor8s ,nder !in,7. Note that !in,7 "int reC,ires a /artition of at least :#= and that the reco++ended siGe for a swa/ /artition is 1.5 ti+es the a+o,nt of RA" a@aila;le on the co+/,ter.

3hoose the a//ro/riate o/tion and clic8 on the )1orward* ;,tton.

The ne7t screen as8s .o, to confir+. the installation.

hen read. /ress the )Install Now* ;,tton to start

At this stage9 the installation is going on in the ;ac8gro,nd and the installer as8s .o, set,/ C,estionsD

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3hoose .o,r location on the +a/ ;. clic8ing on the cit. which is the nearest to .o,. The /,r/ose of this ste/ is to identif. .o,r ti+e Gone. "a8e s,re the )3,rrent ti+e* a//ears correctl. and clic8 the )1orward* ;,tton.
Note: &ometimes the installer doesn/t properly handle &ummer/:inter time ad;ustments* so even by selecting the proper city you might see a difference of an hour or so with the correct time. &imply ignore this at this stage and remember to ma)e sure that the time is correct after you reboot in your newly installed Linux int des)top.

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-elect .o,r 8e.;oard la.o,t. If .o, are not s,re a;o,t e7actl. which la.o,t +atches the 8e.;oard .o, ha@e9 clic8 on the te7t field at the ;otto+ of the screen and start t./ing with .o,r 8e.;oard. "a8e s,re the 8e.s .o, /ress +atch the characters that a//ear in the te7t field in order to ens,re .o, ha@e selected the right 8e.;oard la.o,t. -o+e la.o,ts onl. differ with res/ect to accents9 n,+;ers and /,nct,ation signs9 so +a8e s,re to test these as well. hen .o,Ire read. clic8 the )1orward* ;,tton. Enter .o,r real na+e and a ,serna+e and /assword. E@er. ti+e .o,Ill ,se !in,7 "int .o,Ill ,se .o,r acco,nt with this ,serna+e and /assword. Once !in,7 "int is installed .o,Ill ;e a;le to define other acco,nts if other /eo/le are to ,se this co+/,ter. Also gi@e .o,r co+/,ter a na+e. This na+e will ;e ,sed ;. .o,r co+/,ter on the networ8 or in @ario,s /laces of the s.ste+. If .o,I@e ne@er reall. tho,ght a;o,t na+ing .o,r co+/,ters9 then now is the ti+e. Peo/le co++onl. /ic8 flower ?dahlia9 rose9 t,li/A or /lanet ?+ars9 >,/iter9 /l,toA na+es for the co+/,ters on their networ8. ItIs entirel. ,/ to .o, what .o, want to ,se9 ;,t +a8e s,re to /ic8 a na+e .o, li8e and that .o, will easil. re+e+;er.
Note: -apital letters* spaces and special characters are not permitted in the username or in the name of the computer.

If .o,<re the onl. one ,sing the co+/,ter and .o, want to ;./ass the login screen9 chec8 the o/tion )!og in a,to+aticall.*.

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hen .o,Ire read. clic8 on the )1orward* ;,tton.

The installer +ight detect other o/erating s.ste+s on .o,r co+/,ter and as8 .o, if .o, want to +igrate so+e /ersonal infor+ation. T./icall. this allows .o, to +igrate ;oo8+ar8s9 contacts9 fa@orites and other sorts of /ersonal infor+ation fro+ other o/erating s.ste+s installed on .o,r hard dis8 dri@e into the newl. installed !in,7 "int. hen .o,Ire read. clic8 on the )1orward* ;,tton.

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The installation sho,ld ta8e ;etween 10 and 15 +in,tes.

Note: "he installer will download pac)ages from the %nternet to support the language you3ve selected. <our computer needs to be connected to the %nternet for this to wor). 'therwise ;ust 1s)ip2 that step and you3ll be able to add support for your language after the installation is finished and you3ve rebooted into your new system.

Once the installation is done clic8 the )Restart Now* ;,tton and the li@eDVD en@iron+ent will sh,t down. hen /ro+/ted9 re+o@e the DVD fro+ the dri@e and /ress Enter. 2o,r P3 is now read. to ;oot !in,7 "int fro+ the hard dri@e.

T51 B((& .1;*1%+1

&/on re;oot9 if .o, ha@e +ore than one o/erating s.ste+ installed9 .o, sho,ld see a );oot +en,*. Once !in,7 "int is finished loading .o, sho,ld see a new screen in@iting .o, to enter .o,r ,serna+e and /assword. This screen is the )"D" !ogin "anager* and is co++onl. called )"D"*. Enter the /assword .o, chose d,ring the installation.

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Note: (y default* your 1root2 password is the same as the password you chose during the installation. %f you do not )now what this means* then don/t worry about it.

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I%&'()*+&,(% &( &51 L,%*- M,%& D1.9&(0

This section of the g,ide will foc,s on the technologies and the tools that are s/ecific to !in,7 "int and /ro@ide infor+ation on so+e of the a//lications and technologies incl,ded ;. defa,lt in the "ATE Edition.

T51 MATE D1.9&(0

The )des8to/* is the co+/onent of the o/erating s.ste+ which is res/onsi;le for the ele+ents that a//ear on the des8to/D The Panel9 the all/a/er9 the 3ontrol 3enter9 the +en,sNetc. The "ATE Edition of !in,7 "int ,ses the )"ATE* des8to/ which is ;oth int,iti@e and /owerf,l.

D1.9&(0 S1&&,%<.
)Des8to/ -ettings* is a tool de@elo/ed s/eciall. for !in,7 "int which allows .o, to ra/idl. config,re the as/ects of .o,r "ATE Des8to/ that .o, will ,se the +ost.

Page '1 of 50

!a,nch it ;. clic8ing on )"en,* ?in the ;otto+4left corner of .o,r screenA9 then select )Preferences* and clic8 on )Des8to/ -ettings*.

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The "en, !in,7 "int co+es with a ,niC,e +en,. This +en, was initiall. ins/ired ;. the )-la;* +en, de@elo/ed ;. -&-E ;,t differs fro+ it in +an. wa.s. !in,7 "int also co+es with the defa,lt "ATE +en, which .o, can acti@ate to re/lace the !in,7 "int "en,9 which weIll learn how to do later on. The !in,7 "int "en, is9 howe@er9 worth learning. Altho,gh it is @er. different fro+ what .o, +ight ;e ,sed to9 .o,Ill /ro;a;l. lo@e it once .o,<@e gotten ,sed to it. To o/en the +en, clic8 on the )"en,* ;,tton at the ;otto+4left corner of .o,r screen or /ress 3TR!R-&PERM! ?)-,/erM!* is the left indows 8e. on .o,r 8e.;oardA.

#1&&,%< &( 9%(8 &51 21%*

T51 =P74+1.> 21%*

On the to/ left corner of the +en, .o, can see a section called )Places* which /ro@ides fi@e ;,ttons. These ;,ttons gi@e .o, C,ic8 access to the +ost i+/ortant /laces within .o,r "ATE Des8to/.

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The )3o+/,ter* Place shows .o, the storage @ol,+es /resent in .o,r co+/,ter. If .o,r /artitions are alread. +o,nted and )Des8to/ -ettings* is set to show )"o,nted Vol,+es* on the des8to/9 then .o, /ro;a;l. donIt need to access this Place @er. often. %owe@er9 if .o, choose not to show the +o,nted @ol,+es on .o,r des8to/9 or if .o, need to +o,nt a /artition which is not +o,nted ;. defa,lt9 this Place can /ro@e @er. ,sef,l.

Page '5 of 50

In contrast9 the )%o+e* Place is one of the +en, ;,ttons .o,Ill /ro;a;l. ,se the +ost. If .o,I@e ,sed "ATE ;efore9 .o,Ire /ro;a;l. ,sed to clic8ing on the )%o+e* icon /laced on the des8to/. hen windows are o/ened and when the des8to/ is not co+/letel. @isi;le9 the +en, can /ro@e ,sef,l ;. /ro@iding .o, with a wa. to C,ic8l. access .o,r )%o+e*.

2o,r )%o+e* folder e7ists to gi@e .o, a /lace to /,t all of .o,r /ersonal data. The )Des8to/* folder corres/onds to what is shown on .o,r des8to/9 so /lacing a file here will also /lace it on .o,r des8to/. The sa+e effect can ;e achie@ed ;. si+/l. dragging the file onto the des8to/. The )Networ8* Place si+/l. shows .o, the other co+/,ters9 shared ser@ices9 do+ains9 and wor8gro,/s /resent on .o,r networ8. The )Trash* Place is where files end ,/ after .o, delete the+.

hen .o, right clic8 on a file .o, can either )"o@e to Trash* or )Delete*. If .o, choose to )Delete*9 the file will ;e /er+anentl. deleted and .o, nor+all. wonIt ;e a;le to reco@er it. If .o, choose )"o@e to Trash* it will ;e +o@ed to the )Trash* Place9 which is accessi;le fro+ the +en,. 1ro+ there .o, will ;e a;le to drag and dro/ it so+ewhere else if .o, want to restore it9 /er+anentl. delete one or +ore files9 or select )E+/t. Trash* if .o, want to /er+anentl. delete all ite+s fro+ the Trash. T51 =S/.&12> 21%* There is a section called )-.ste+* in the ;otto+ left corner of the +en,. This section /ro@ides si7 ;,ttons which let .o, C,ic8l. access i+/ortant feat,res of the s.ste+.

Page '5 of 50

The )-oftware "anager* ;,tton la,nches the !in,7 "int -oftware "anager. This /rogra+ is the reco++ended wa. to install software in !in,7 "int. e will tal8 +ore a;o,t this feat,re later onB for now9 let<s e7/lore the other o/tions.

Page ': of 50

The )Pac8age "anager* ;,tton la,nches an a//lication called )-.na/tic*. The /,r/ose of this a//lication is to +anage the /ac8ages that are installed on .o,r co+/,ter and the /ac8ages that are a@aila;le in the re/ositories. If this doesnIt +a8e +,ch sense to .o, .et9 donIt worr.9 we will tal8 a;o,t /ac8ages and how the. wor8 in greater detail later on.

The )3ontrol 3enter* ;,tton la,nches the "ATE 3ontrol 3enter. This a//lication lets .o, config,re e@er. as/ect of the "ATE Des8to/ and of the co+/,ter in general. e will go thro,gh each ite+ within this 3ontrol 3enter at a later ti+e.

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The )Ter+inal* ;,tton la,nches an a//lication called )Ter+inal* which lets .o, enter co++ands directl. ,sing the 8e.;oard. If .o,Ire ,sed to "icrosoft indows .o, +a. thin8 that this is old hat9 ;eca,se in indows the co++and line hasn<t /rogressed +,ch f,rther than the )DO- /ro+/t* and is hidden awa. in an accessories +en,. One of the wa.s in which !in,7 s.ste+s differ fro+ indows s.ste+s is that the ter+inal is C,ite i+/ortant in !in,79 as it is often ,sed as a wa. of getting +ore direct control o@er one<s co+/,ter. eId /ro;a;l. agree that the Ter+inal isnIt the +ost @is,all. a//ealing a//lication incl,ded in !in,7 "int9 ;,t it is worth 8nowing that it is ;. far the +ost /owerf,l9 and once learned itIs act,all. not @er. hard to ,se. In fact9 it is worthwhile ,nderstanding that every co++and that .o, e7ec,te ,sing a gra/hical des8to/ en@iron+ent goes thro,gh the Ter+inal. hen .o, clic8 on an icon on the +en,9 for e7a+/le9 .o, are instr,cting "ATE to /ass a te7t,al instr,ction to the Ter+inal. As an instr,ctional e7ercise9 if .o, o/en )"ain "en,* fro+ the )!oo8 and 1eel* section of )3ontrol 3enter* ?see a;o@eA9 and na@igate to an. of the a//lication +en,s9 /ic8 an a//lication9 and clic8 on the /ro/erties ;,tton9 .o, will see in the )3o++and* field the te7t co++and that is /assed to the s.ste+ when .o, clic8 on that a//lication<s entr. in the +en,. In other words9 .o, ha@e alread. ;een ,sing the Ter+inal for so+e ti+e9 /erha/s witho,t realiGing it. All that was different was that9 instead of .o, t./ing o,t the co++ands9 .o,r des8to/ ?"ATEA was doing it for .o, ?which is a good thing ;eca,se no;od. wants to re+e+;er h,ndreds of a//lication na+es all the ti+eA. -ooner or later9 tho,gh9 .o, will /ro;a;l. ha@e ;e in a sit,ation which ca,ses .o, to ,se the Ter+inal directl.9 either to access co++ands that are not a@aila;le thro,gh an. #&I9 or to get a >o; done +ore efficientl.. 2es9 .o, read that rightO It can ;e +ore efficient to t./e a single co++and9 for certain tas8s9 than to o/en ,/ lots of windows to achie@e the Page '8 of 50

sa+e thing. The +ore .o, ,se it9 the +ore .o,Ill co+e to act,all. li8e it. Re+e+;er how .o, didnIt li8e certain things when .o, were a 8id and how .o, co,ldnIt do witho,t the+ nowL Ter+inal is one of these things. In a few wee8s9 .o,Ill ;e co+/letel. addicted to it. 2o,<ll ;egin to feel in co+/lete control of .o,r co+/,ter. There will ;e ti+es when .o, wonIt e@en ha@e to ,se the Ter+inal9 ;,t .o, will an.wa.9 ;eca,se for so+e tas8s itIs faster9 +ore acc,rate9 +ore @ersatile and act,all. si+/ler to ,se than eC,i@alent gra/hical interfaces. And an.one watching .o, will thin8 .o,<re a co+/lete /ro. The )!ogo,t* ;,tton la,nches a dialog which lets .o, logo,t or switch ,sers. The )S,it* ;,tton la,nches a dialog ;o7 which lets .o, choose what .o, want to doD 4 4 4 4 )-,s/end* sa@es .o,r session to RA" and .o,r co+/,ter goes to slee/ ,ntil .o, /ress a 8e.. )%i;ernate* sa@es .o,r session to .o,r hard dri@e and .o,r co+/,ter sh,ts down. )Restart* restarts the co+/,ter. )-h,t Down* t,rns the co+/,ter off.

Note: %t is also possible to loc) the screen by pressing -"4L=AL"=L.

T51 =A007,+4&,(%.> 21%* The !in,7 "int DVD is co+/ressed and act,all. contains a;o,t (#= of data. The a//lications that are incl,ded ;. defa,lt when .o, install !in,7 "int are said to ;e /art of the )Defa,lt -oftware -election*. -ince one of the /,r/oses of !in,7 "int is to ;e eas. to ,se and to wor8 o,t of the ;o79 a collection of software is incl,ded ;. defa,lt in order to let .o, achie@e co++onJ i+/ortant tas8s. In the right4hand section of the +en,9 .o, can see all installed a//lications. The. are organiGed ;. categories. The first categor. is called )All* and9 as .o, /ro;a;l. g,essed9 it shows .o, a list of all installed a//lications. The last two categories9 )Preferences* and )Ad+inistration*9 show .o, the tools and a//lications /ro@ided to config,re and ad+inistrate !in,7 "int. eIll foc,s on these a//lications later on9 as the. are also /resent in the )3ontrol 3enter*. The 5 categories in the center /ro@ide +ost of the a//lications .o,Ill ,se on a dail. ;asis. As .o, install new software9 new categories +ight a//ear. In )Accessories*9 .o, can find the following softwareD N421 3alc,lator 3haracter "a/ D1.+',0&,(% A calc,lator A tool to easil. co/. and /aste

s/ecial characters

Page '0 of 50

Dis8 &sage Anal.Ger -earch for 1iles... Ta8e -creenshot

Ter+inal Ti+e and Date Pl,+a To+;o. Notes

?accent,ation for instanceA A tool which shows .o, what ta8es s/ace on .o,r hard dri@e. A tool that lets .o, search for files on the co+/,ter A tool to ta8e screenshots. 2o, can also la,nch this with the )Print -crn* 8e. on .o,r 8e.;oard to ta8e screenshots of the des8to/9 or with )A!T*R*Print -crn* to ta8e screenshots of the c,rrent window. The Ter+inal To config,re the ti+e and date A te7t editor An a//lication to ta8e notes

In )#ra/hics* .o, can find the following softwareD N421 #I"P I+age Editor !i;reOffice Draw -i+/le -can gTh,+; D1.+',0&,(% An a//lication that lets .o, +odif.9 con@ert or e@en create /ict,res. The ;est !in,7 eC,i@alent to Photosho/. Part of the !i;reOffice s,ite of a//lications. A tool to ca/t,re i+ages fro+ a scanner An a//lication to +anage .o,r /hotos

In )Internet* .o, can find the following softwareD N421 1irefo7 Th,nder;ird Pidgin D1.+',0&,(% A e; ;rowser An E+ail a//lication An Internet "essenger ?co+/ati;le with AI"9 =on>o,r9 #ad,4#ad,9 #oogle4Tal89 #ro,/ ise9 I3S9 IR39 "-N9 ".-/aceI"9 SS9 -I"P!E9 -a+eti+e9 H"PP9 2ahoo and Te/h.rA A Torrent client. An IR3 chat /rogra+. It is config,red ;. defa,lt to a,to+aticall. connect .o, to the !in,7 "int chat roo+ ?@er. ,sef,l if .o, want to tal8 to other !in,7 "int ,sersA.

Trans+ission Hchat

In )Office* .o, can find the following softwareD N421 Dictionar. !i;reOffice =ase !i;reOffice I+/ress D1.+',0&,(% A dictionar. ?reC,ires an Internet connectionA A data;ase a//lication ?alternati@e to "icrosoft AccessA. A /resentation a//lication to +a8e slides ?alternati@e to "icrosoft Power/oint and co+/ati;le with PPTA

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!i;reOffice 3alc !i;reOffice riter

A s/readsheet a//lication ?alternati@e to "icrosoft E7cel and co+/ati;le with H!-A A word /rocessor ?alternati@e to "icrosoft ord and co+/ati;le with DO3.A

In )-o,nd 6 Video* .o, can find the following softwareD N421 =rasero "o@ie Pla.er =anshee D1.+',0&,(% A 3DJDVD ;,rning a//lication. =rasero can also +a8e a,dio 3Ds fro+ +,lti+edia files. A +,lti+edia a//lication which is associated with +ost @ideo and a,dio files ?alternati@e to "icrosoft "edia Pla.erA A +,sic a//lication to /la. online radio9 strea+ +,sic fro+ the Internet and online +,sic ser@ices and to listen to .o,r collection of +,sic files ?alternati@e to iT,nesA. =anshee also +anages /odcasts9 /orta;le /la.ers and can ri/ 3Ds. A so,nd recorder. A @ideo /la.er9 notorio,s for ;eing a;le to /la. +ost @ideo files a@aila;le on the e;.

-o,nd Recorder V!3 T51 =S14'+5> 6,17)

If .o, canIt re+e+;er how to find a /artic,lar a//lication within the +en, or if .o, want to get C,ic8er access to it .o, can ,se the search feat,re. -i+/l. clic8 on )"en,* in the ;otto+4left corner of .o,r screen and start t./ing the na+e or a descri/tion of the a//lication .o,Ire loo8ing for. As .o,Ire t./ing9 onl. the a//lications +atching .o,r search will sta. @isi;le within the +en,. If .o,r search .ields no res,lts9 the +en, will /ro@ide )s,ggestions* related to the 8e.word .o, t./ed. 1or instance9 if .o, t./e )o/era* and if the O/era we; ;rowser isn<t installed on .o,r s.ste+9 the +en, will show a ;,tton to install it9 or to search the software /ortal or the re/ositories for it.

D16,%1 /(*' 64:(',&1 4007,+4&,(%.

2o,Ill ,se so+e a//lications +ore than others9 so .o,Ill C,ic8l. find that .o, want fast access to the a//lications that .o,Ire ,sing the +ost. The +en, lets .o, define )fa@orite* a//lications and 8ee/ the+ on a s/ecial +en, for eas. a@aila;ilit..

Page (1 of 50

Right clic8 on an a//lication of .o,r choice with the +en, and select )-how in +. fa@orites*. 2o, can also drag 6 dro/ an a//lication on the )1a@orites* ;,tton which is located on the to/4right corner of the +en,. 3lic8 on the )1a@orites* ;,tton in the to/4right corner of the +en, and .o, sho,ld now see .o,r fa@orite a//lications ?clic8 the ;,tton again to switch ;ac8 to the co+/lete a//lication listA. hen the fa@orites section of the +en, is acti@e9 .o, can reorganiGe the a//lications. Dragging and dro//ing allows .o, to change their order9 while the right clic8 +en, lets .o, insert s/aces and se/arators9 as well as re+o@ing ite+s ?incl,ding s/aces and se/aratorsA fro+ the +en,.

M491 /(*' (8% .5('&+*&.

If .o, donIt li8e the idea of ha@ing )1a@orite* a//lications9 .o, can si+/l. ,se .o,r /anel or .o,r des8to/ to achie@e si+ilar res,lts9 ?na+el.9 gi@ing .o,rself C,ic8 access to .o,r a//licationsA. -i+/l. drag 6 dro/ the a//lication of .o,r choice fro+ the +en, to .o,r /anel or to .o,r des8to/.

L4*%+5 4007,+4&,(%. 4*&(24&,+477/ 851% /(* 7(< ,%

2o, can right4clic8 on an. a//lication in the +en, and select )!a,nch when I log in*. The a//lication will then ;e la,nched a,to+aticall. each ti+e after .o, log in. This can ;e disa;led ;. following the sa+e /roced,re again.

C54%<1 &51 40014'4%+1 (6 &51 21%*

2o, can c,sto+iGe the +en, in +an. wa.s. )Preferences*. Right clic8 on )"en,* and select

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The config,ration tool for the +en, a//ears. %ere9 .o, can +odif. al+ost e@er. as/ect of the !in,7 "int +en,. "ost of the settings ta8e effect i++ediatel.9 ;,t so+e reC,ire the +en, to ;e restarted ?this can ;e acco+/lished ;. right clic8ing the +en, ;,tton and selecting )Reload Pl,gins*A.

A+&,:4&1 &51 R1+1%& 07*<?,%

The +en, co+es with a /l,gin which is not acti@ated ;. defa,lt ?+ostl. ;eca,se it +a8es the +en, ;iggerA. This /l,gin shows the 10 +ost recentl. o/ened doc,+ents.

Page (( of 50

To acti@ate this /l,g4in9 o/en the +en, /references and select )-how Recent Doc,+ents*.

R1.&('1 &51 )164*7& .1&&,%<.

If .o, want to re@ert to the defa,lt settings9 right clic8 on the +en, ;,tton within the /anel9 choose )Re+o@e fro+ Panel*9 then o/en a ter+inal and t./eD
mintmenu clean

Then right clic8 on an e+/t. /art of the Panel and choose )Add to Panel*. Then select )+int"en,* in the list.

R1074+1 &51 21%* 8,&5 &51 )164*7& MATE 21%*

If .o, decide .o, donIt li8e the +en, and that no +atter how cool it is9 .o, want to ,se the defa,lt "ATE +en, instead9 then follow the ste/s ;elow. Right clic8 on the +en, ;,tton within the /anel and choose )Re+o@e fro+ Panel*. Then right clic8 on an e+/t. /art of the Panel and choose )Add to Panel*. Then select )"ain "en,* if .o, want a si+/le "ATE "en,9 )"en, =ar* if .o, want the defa,lt "ATE "en, or )+int"en,* if .o, change .o,r +ind and act,all. want to ,se the !in,7 "int +en,.

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S(6&84'1 M4%4<121%&
P4+94<1 M4%4<121%& ,% L,%*- M,%&
If .o, ha@e installed !in,7 for the first ti+e9 then .o, +a. not ;e fa+iliar with the conce/t of organiGing software into )/ac8ages*. 2o, will soon ;eco+e fa+iliar with /ac8age +anage+ent and a//reciate the ad@antages it offers in ter+s of sec,rit.9 control and ease of ,se. e ha@e tried to +a8e it so that all or +ost of .o,r hardware was detected and dri@ers were installed a,to+aticall. so that .o,r co+/,ter wo,ld wor8 o,t of the ;o7. e ha@e also tried to +a8e it so that .o, co,ld do +an. of the things .o, want to witho,t ha@ing to loo8 aro,nd for third /art. software on we;sites. 2o, +a. ha@e noticed that .o,r !in,7 "int installation alread. has a f,ll office s,ite9 a /rofessional4C,alit. i+age4editing sol,tion9 an I" and an IR3 client9 a dis8 ;,rner9 and se@eral +edia /la.ers ?as well as +an. other ;asic accessoriesA. Rela79 it<s o8a.O 2o, ha@en<t stolen an.thingO This is what free software is all a;o,tO And the tr,l. great thing a;o,t /ac8age +anage+ent in !in,7 "int and generall. is that .o, sho,ld ne@er need to loo8 far and wide for e7tra software9 e@en when the ti+e co+es that .o, do want +ore f,nctionalit. fro+ .o,r !in,7 "int s.ste+. This section is intended to e7/lain how this wor8s and the ad@antages that it can ;ring to .o,. It<s a ;it long9 ;,t ho/ef,ll. it will /ro@ide .o, with a good ,nderstanding of the /hiloso/h. ;ehind /ac8age +anage+ent and wh. it is considered a #ood Thing ?a /hrase co++onl. ca/italiGed ;. !in,7 ,sers to +ean that so+ething is sC,arel. in the categor. of goodA. If .o,<re in a h,rr.9 .o, can s8i/ to the ne7t section which will tell .o, how to act,all. ,se the /ac8age s.ste+. The /ro;le+s with ;rowsing software @endors< we;sites and downloading and installing the software the. offer are +an.D It is diffic,lt or i+/ossi;le to find o,t if the software has ;een tested to wor8 with .o,r o/erating s.ste+ It is diffic,lt or i+/ossi;le to 8now how this software will interact with the other software installed on .o,r s.ste+ It is diffic,lt or i+/ossi;le to 8now if .o, can /lace .o,r tr,st that software fro+ an ,n8nown de@elo/er software will not ca,se an. har+9 willf,l or negligent9 to .o,r s.ste+ 7ven if you )now about a specific piece of software and its developer* you cannot be entirely sure that you are not downloading an executable that has been swapped out by a malicious third party for some type of malware.

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1,rther+ore9 a /ro;le+ with downloading and installing +,lti/le different /rogra+s9 fro+ +,lti/le different de@elo/ers9 is that there is no +anagerial infrastr,ct,re. =efore .o, sa. );ig deal*9 consider how .o, are going to 8ee/ all these different /ieces of software ,/ to date. If .o, get tired of a /rogra+ and want to re+o@e it9 how do .o, 8now how to achie@e thatL The /rogra+ in C,estion +ight not ha@e co+e with a re+o@al o/tion9 and e@en if it did9 +,ch of the ti+e this will fail to re+o@e the software cleanl. and co+/letel.. In a @er. real sense9 when .o, ran that installer /rogra+9 .o, ga@e ,/ so+e of .o,r control of .o,r co+/,ter to a /rogra+ written entirel. ;. a co+/lete stranger. 1inall.9 software which is distri;,ted in this wa. is often9 ;. @irt,e of necessit.9 )static*. This +eans that not onl. do .o, need to download the /rogra+ itself9 ;,t also all of the data li;raries that are reC,ired for it to r,n. -ince a third4/art. software de@elo/er cannot 8now which data li;raries .o, +a. alread. ha@e a@aila;le on .o,r s.ste+9 the onl. wa. that the. can g,arantee it will r,n on .o,r s.ste+ is ;. s,//l.ing all of the data li;raries it needs along with the /rogra+ itself. This +eans ;igger downloads9 and it +eans that when the ti+e co+es to ,/date a gi@en li;rar.9 it needs to ;e done se/aratel. for all those /rogra+s ,sing it9 instead of >,st once. In s,++ar.9 the distri;,tion of static software res,lts in the ,nnecessar. d,/lication of a lot of wor8. Pac8age +anage+ent in !in,7 "int9 and #N&J!in,7 o/erating s.ste+s in general9 has ;een esta;lished for so+e ti+e and is the /referred +ethod for +anaging software as it a@oids all of these iss,es. e<@e ;een safel. and a,to+aticall. installing o,r software since the earl. 1000s. -oftware is first written ;. a de@elo/er9 as .o, +ight e7/ect9 and this end of the /rod,ction chain is 8nown as ),/strea+*. As a ,ser of a !in,7 distri;,tion9 .o, are referred to as ;eing at the f,rthest /oint )downstrea+* ?,nless .o,<re an ad+in9 in which case your ,sers are the f,rthest /oint downstrea+9 ;,t .o, 8new that ;eca,se .o,<re an ad+inA. Once the de@elo/er is ha//. with the /rogra+ or the ,/date to the /rogra+ the. ha@e written9 the. will release the so,rce code for it. The. will also co++,nicate in their doc,+entation which data li;raries or other /rogra+s the. too8 ad@antage of when the. were writing the /rogra+. The. ha@e ;een doing this for so+e ti+e and there are standardiGed and @enera;le wa.s for the+ to do this. Note that9 with a few e7ce/tions ?,s,all. either hardware +an,fact,rers who release dri@ers for !in,79 li8e nVidia or ATI9 or certain +a>or co+/anies li8e Ado;e9 who we can tr,stA the. release the act,al source code for the /rogra+9 that is9 the list of instr,ctions in that /rogra+ in a h,+an reada;le for+. This has a n,+;er of i+/lications9 ;,t +ost i+/ortantl. for this disc,ssion it +eans that the. are willing to ha@e their software /eer re@iewed ;. an.one and e@er.one with an Internet connection. It<s awf,ll. diffic,lt to snea8 s/.ware into .o,r /rogra+ when .o,<re letting e@er.one see what .o,<@e writtenO The software now +o@es down the strea+ to /ac8age +aintainers9 who are either @ol,nteers or /aid e+/lo.ees wor8ing for a !in,7 distri;,tion. It is their res/onsi;ilit. to co+/ile the so,rce code for the software9 test it on the distri;,tion to +a8e s,re that it wor8s9 resol@e an. /ro;le+s that the. enco,nter and finall. pac)age the co+/iled ?i.e.9

Page (: of 50

+achine4reada;leA software in a con@enient for+at. This /ac8age contains the e7ec,ta;le /rogra+?sA9 their config,ration files9 and the instr,ctions the /ac8age +anage+ent software needs to s,ccessf,ll. install it. Note that it won<t ordinaril. contain an. static li;raries9 since it doesn<t need to U the li;raries are /ro@ided ;. other /ac8ages9 and are therefore 8nown as shared li;raries. 2o,r /ac8age +anage+ent software will 8now if that a /artic,lar /ac8age reC,ires another /ac8age to ;e installed first ?li8e a shared li;rar.A9 ;eca,se9 as .o, will re+e+;er9 the data li;raries and related /ac8ages needed for the software to wor8 were declared f,rther ,/strea+ and that infor+ation is incl,ded in the /ac8age. The instr,ctions are s,fficientl. detailed that e@en s/ecific @ersions of other /ac8ages can ;e reC,ested to ens,re intero/era;ilit.. The finished /ac8age is then ,/loaded to a s/ecial file ser@er9 which is called a software re/ositor.. It is fro+ that single location that .o, are a;le to download and install the software .o, need. 2o, will 8now that the location is bona fide9 ;eca,se it is signed with a certificate that .o,r /ac8age +anager will chec8. 2o, will also 8now that each indi@id,al /ac8age that .o, install is sec,re9 ;eca,se each /ac8age is itself signed ;. a #P# 8e.9 which .o,r /ac8age +anager will also chec8. 2o,r /ac8age +anager will e@en r,n an "D5 s,+ on each /ac8age to +a8e s,re that nothing went wrong when it was downloading9 >,st li8e we did ;efore with the !i@eDVD iso. Notice how it<s doing all of this for .o,. 2o,<re >,st sitting ;ac89 si//ing a +artini9 and chatting in Klin,7+int on 7chat. The /ac8age +anager has downloaded the /ac8ages .o, ha@e selected9 it will follow9 to the letter ?co+/,ters are fastidio,s in following instr,ctionsA9 the instr,ctions in the /ac8age to /erfectl. install .o,r software9 and all of its de/endencies9 in the right order. There is no s/ace for h,+an error U if the /ac8age wor8ed on the +aintainer<s co+/,ter9 then it o,ght to on .o,rs ;eca,se the /ac8age +anager will follow exactly the sa+e /roced,re. hen it co+es ti+e to chec8 for software ,/dates9 .o,r /ac8age +anager will a,to+aticall. co+/are the software @ersion that .o, ha@e against what is a@aila;le in the re/ositor.9 and do all the necessar. wor8 to 8ee/ .o,r s.ste+ r,nning s+oothl. and sec,rel.. -o9 if @ersion '.5 of =est-oft is ,/loaded to the re/ositor.9 and .o, ha@e @ersion '.(9 the /ac8age +anager will co+/are those @ersion n,+;ers9 and offer to install the latest @ersion9 ta8ing care9 of co,rse9 of all the de/endencies for the newer @ersion of the software. -o,nding good .etL It gets ;etter. %,+ans err where co+/,ters don<t and fro+ ti+e to ti+e so+ething +a. go wrong in this /rocess. Perha/s .o, will9 ;. accident9 install hardware dri@ers for the wrong /iece of hardware and this +ight ;rea8 so+ething. e<@e all done that. Or /erha/s there<s a ;,g or .o,r fa@orite feat,re was re+o@ed ;. the /rogra+<s de@elo/er for so+e reason. These /ro;le+s de+onstrate9 /arado7icall.9 the strength and sec,rit. of /ac8age +anage+ent. =eca,se .o,r /ac8age +anager 8ee/s fastidio,s records of e@er.thing it e@er does9 it is a;le to re@erse installations9 cleanl. and co+/letel.. It will +a8e s,re that re+o@ing one /ac8age doesn<t ;rea8 an. others9 and .o, can e@en tell it s/ecificall. to do things li8e not a,to+aticall. ,/grade certain /ac8ages9 ;eca,se .o, li8e the+ the wa. the. are9 or to re@ert to an earlier @ersion. 1inall.9 the whole /rocess is very hea@il.

Page (E of 50

/eer4re@iewed. =eca,se .o, are /art of a large co++,nit. of !in,7 ,sers9 all ,sing the sa+e re/ositories to o;tain their software9 if an.thing goes wrong .o, can ;e a;sol,tel. s,re there will ;e a ;ig f,ss a;o,t it9 and that the /ro;le+ will ;e resol@ed C,ic8l.O In this wa.9 software distri;,tion in #N&J!in,7 distri;,tions is @er. +,ch ;ased on tr,st9 fro+ the +o+ent the original de@elo/er dis/la.s their so,rce code for all to see9 to the o/en disc,ssion on the distri;,tion<s we;site. 2o, can ;e confident in the software .o, o;tain9 not onl. ;eca,se of the sec,rit. /rotocols alread. +entioned9 ;,t ;eca,se if an.thing does go wrong everyone will ;e tal8ing a;o,t itO !et<s loo8 again at o,r list of /ro;le+s and see what we ha@e sol@edD

%t is difficult or impossible to find out if the software has been tested to wor) with your operating system 2o, 8now that the software a@aila;le to .o, thro,gh the re/ositor. has ;een thoro,ghl. tested ;. the /ac8age +aintainer and the testing tea+ to wor8 with .o,r o/erating s.ste+. The. won<t want to get it wrong9 +ostl. on /rinci/le9 ;,t also ;eca,se if the. do the.<ll soon ;e getting lots of e+ails. %t is difficult or impossible to )now how this software will interact with the other software installed on your system -i+ilarl.9 /ac8age +aintainers tr. their ,t+ost to ens,re that /ac8ages won<t conflict with other /ac8ages offered ;. their distri;,tion. Of co,rse9 the. +ight not ha@e e@er. last /ac8age installed on their testing +achines ?in fact9 ,s,all. /ac8age +aintainers ;,ild their /ac8ages on clean installations to ens,re that the. are standardA9 ;,t if a +e+;er of the ,ser co++,nit. finds o,t that there is a /ro;le+9 the. will no do,;t let the distri;,tion tea+ 8now9 and the /ro;le+ will ;e fi7ed9 or at least wor8ed on. &nless .o, are a ;eta tester9 then .o, are ,nli8el. to e@er see s,ch a conflict9 ;eca,se that<s what ;eta testing is for. %t is difficult or impossible to )now if you can place your trust in the developer that their software will not cause any harm* willful or negligent* to your system Pac8age +aintainers are hardl. li8el. to /ac8age software the. 8now will har+ /eo/le<s co+/,ters ?incl,ding their ownAO Onl. software which is 8nown and tr,sted will e@er +a8e it to the re/ositor.. 7ven if you )now about a specific piece of software and its developer* you cannot be entirely sure that you are not downloading an executable that has been swapped out by a malicious third party for some type of malware. In addition to the ,s,al sec,rit. +eas,res /,t in /lace ;. the instit,tions who own the ser@ers ?,s,all. /restigio,s acade+ic or research instit,tions9 or large co+/aniesA9 the re/ositor. and /ac8ages the+sel@es are sec,red ;. certificates and #P# 8e.s. If so+ething<s gone wrong9 .o,r /ac8age +anager will tell .o, a;o,t it. The /resent a,thor9 in ten .ears of ,sing !in,79 has ne@er once 8nown an.thing to go wrong in this res/ect. %t is difficult to remove 8all traces of9 installed programs =eca,se the /ac8age +anage+ent software 8ee/s a co+/lete record of all of its actions9 it is C,ite ca/a;le of re@ersing an. ste/s that it too8 in the /ast9

Page (8 of 50

while ens,ring that re+o@ing one /ac8age will not ca,se an. other /ac8age to fail. &tatic pac)ages are big and clun)y =eca,se .o,<re ,sing /ac8age +anage+ent9 .o, will onl. e@er download static li;raries when there is no shared alternati@e. If .o, need new shared data li;raries to install a gi@en /rogra+9 .o,r /ac8age +anager will 8now this and install the+ for .o, a,to+aticall.. 2o, will onl. e@er ha@e to download a shared li;rar. once ;eca,se9 well9 it<s shared ;. all the /rogra+s that need it. If .o, end ,/ re+o@ing the last /ac8age that needs a shared li;rar.9 then the /ac8age +anage+ent software will re+o@e that too. (ut9 if .o, decide that .o, do want to 8ee/ the shared o;>ect an.wa.9 /erha/s ;eca,se .o, >,st 8now .o,<ll need it later9 then .o, can tell the /ac8age +anage+ent software to do that9 too. %/m still not convinced #oodO Post a +essage on the for,+s a;o,t it if .o, ha@e a gen,ine concern a;o,t /ac8age +anage+ent9 or to as8 a;o,t other /eo/le<s e7/eriences. It ;ears re/eating that the /ac8age +ethod of distri;,tion in #N&J!in,7 relies on tr,st9 so if there<s a /ro;le+9 we want to hear a;o,t itO

A final word. 2o, +a. ha@e ;een s,;>ected to r,+ors to the effect that !in,7 isn<t finished .et9 or that if .o, ,se !in,7 then .o, are a ;eta4tester9 or that !in,7 software is ,nsta;le. These are all half tr,ths. )!in,7* will ne@er ;e )finished*9 an. +ore than an. other +a>or o/erating s.ste+ can ;e considered )finished*. 1ro+ the !in,7 8ernel to the artwor8 on .o,r screen9 all the ele+ents of .o,r o/erating s.ste+ will always ;e ,nder so+e 8ind of de@elo/+ent. This is ;eca,se /rogra++ers are wor8ing hard to 8ee/ ,s ,/ to date with the latest de@elo/+ents in /rogra++ing and hardware technolog.. This does not +ean that the software a@aila;le for .o, to ,se is of ;ad C,alit.. The ;ase s.ste+ at the core of !in,7 "int has ;een ,nder hea@. de@elo/+ent for a;o,t two decades now9 and is @er. +at,re9 sta;le9 and /ro@en. hile there are definitel. ,nsta;le @ersions of +ost of the software on .o,r o/erating s.ste+9 you won<t ;e ,sing the+ ;eca,se you/re not a ;eta tester. 2o, 8now .o,<re not a ;eta tester9 ;eca,se .o,<re reading this. The software a@aila;le to .o, on the re/ositories .o, ,se will always ;e sta;le and well tested9 ,nless .o, change those re/ositories to the ones ,sed ;. the testers ?in which case congrat,lations9 .o,<@e >,st ;eco+e a testerA. It<s a ;it of a no4;rainer9 reall.. -o9 to s,++ariGe with an e7a+/le9 when .o, install O/era9 Real Pla.er or #oogle Earth in !in,7 "int9 these a//lications do not co+e fro+ their original de@elo/ers ?O/era9 Real and #oogleA. Of co,rse the ,/strea+ a//lication co+es fro+ these de@elo/ers9 ;,t onl. after the.I@e ;een /ro/erl. /ac8aged and tested do the. ;eco+e a@aila;le for .o,. -o9 in other words9 .o, sho,ld ne@er need to go and ;rowse the Internet to loo8 for software9 as e@er.thing .o, need is a@aila;le and alread. tested for .o, and for .o,r s.ste+ ;. the !in,7 "int and &;,nt, tea+s. All .o, need to do is choose what .o, want to do.

Page (0 of 50

!in,7 "int will ,/date itself a,to+aticall. thro,gh a tool called the &/date "anager9 which will ,/date not onl. the ;ase o/erating s.ste+9 ;,t all the software installed on .o,r +achine as well. It<s that si+/le. hewO

-o+e of the +ost /o/,lar a//lications that are not installed ;. defa,lt in !in,7 "int are O/era9 -8./e9 Acro;at Reader9 #oogle Earth and Real Pla.er.

T51 S(6&84'1 M4%4<1'

The easiest wa. to install software in !in,7 "int is to ,se the -oftware "anager. It is ;,ilt on to/ of the /ac8age technolog. we disc,ssed earlier9 ;,t +a8es things easier to ,nderstand9 as it allows .o, to install programs rather than /ac8ages ?tho,gh9 re+e+;er9 it is still ,sing the /ac8age s.ste+ in the ;ac8gro,nd9 so it still has the sa+e ;enefitsA. O/en the +en, and select )-oftware "anager*. The -oftware "anager lets .o, ;rowse the software +ade a@aila;le for !in,7 "int. 2o, can ;rowse ;. categor.9 search ;. 8e.word or sort the software ;. rating and /o/,larit..

T51 M1%*
If .o, 8now what .o,<re loo8ing for9 .o, don<t need to la,nch an.thing. F,st start t./ing the a//lication<s na+e in the +en, and ha@e it installed fro+ there. 1or instance9 to install the )gft/* /ac8ageD Press 3TR!R-,/erM! to o/en the +en, T./e )gft/* Press the )&/* arrow to highlight the )Install gft/* ;,tton Press Enter Did we +ention how great /ac8age +anage+ent is .etL

S/%40&,+ @ APT
If .o, want to install +ore than one a//lication or if .o,Ire loo8ing for so+ething which is not in the -oftware Portal or in the -oftware "anager9 !in,7 "int /ro@ides two other wa.s to install software. One is a gra/hical tool called )-.na/tic* and the other is a co++and line tool called )APT*. !etIs see how we can install O/era ?an alternati@e to the 1irefo7 these tools insteadD O/en the +en, and select )Pac8age "anager*. e; =rowserA with

Page 50 of 50

3lic8 on the )-earch* ;,tton and t./e )o/era*. Then go thro,gh the list of /ac8ages and find the one corres/onding to the O/era e; =rowser. Tic8 the ;o7 and select )"ar8 for Installation* then clic8 on the )A//l.* ;,tton. Now letIs see how we co,ld ha@e installed O/era ,sing the APT co++and line tool. O/en the +en, and select )Ter+inal*. Then t./e the following co++andD
apt install opera Note: a)e sure synaptic is closed before using A#". &ynaptic is using A#" in the bac)ground so both can3t run at the same time. "he same goes for the &oftware anager.

As .o, can see APT is e7tre+el. eas. to ,se ;,t itIs not gra/hical. ItIs O$. If .o,Ire starting with !in,7 .o, /ro;a;l. /refer to deal with a gra/hical interface ?that<s wh. the.<re thereA ;,t as ti+e goes on .o,Ill /refer things to ;e fast and efficient and as .o, can see the fastest wa. to install O/era is to t./e )a/t install o/era*. It canIt ;e si+/ler than that. There is one i+/ortant difference ;etween the -oftware "anager and -.na/ticJAPT tho,gh. ith -.na/tic and APT .o, ;asicall. deal with /ac8ages. In o,r e7a+/le the O/era a//lication was @er. si+/le and was onl. +ade of one /ac8age which na+e was also )o/era*9 ;,t this will not alwa.s ;e the case9 and so+eti+es .o, +ight not 8now what the na+e of the /ac8age is. -o+eti+es .o, +ight not e@en ha@e access to the /ac8ages for a /artic,lar a//lication. The -oftware "anager is different ;eca,se it lets .o, install )a//lications* ;. getting the right )/ac8ages* for .o,9 not onl. fro+ the re/ositories ?/ac8ages data;asesA that -.na/tic and APT ha@e access to9 ;,t also fro+ other /laces on the Internet. -o .o, +ight ,se the -oftware "anager for two different reasonsD 4=eca,se .o,Ire not ,sed to APTJ-.na/tic 4=eca,se it can act,all. install a//lications .o, donIt ha@e access to ,sing other tools.

R12(:1 4007,+4&,(%.
F'(2 &51 M1%*
Re+o@ing an a//lication is C,ite eas. in !in,7 "int. -i+/l. highlight the a//lication in the +en,9 right clic8 on it and select )&ninstall*. The +en, finds the /ac8ages and de/endencies related to the a//lication .o, selected. 3lic8 )Re+o@e* and the a//lication will ;e ,ninstalled.

Page 51 of 50

U.,%< APT
Another wa. to re+o@e a//lications is ;. ,sing APT. Again9 weIre tal8ing co++and4line ,tilit. here9 ;,t see how s,r/risingl. eas. this isD O/en the +en, and select )Ter+inal*. Then t./e the following co++andD
apt remove opera Note: a)e sure synaptic is closed before using A#". &ynaptic is using A#" in the bac)ground so both can3t run at the same time.

And thatIs it.

ith one single co++and .o,I@e re+o@ed O/era fro+ .o,r co+/,ter.

S/%40&,+
2o, can also ,se -.na/tic to re+o@e /ac8ages... !in,7 is all a;o,t choice so letIs see how to do this. O/en the +en, and select )Pac8age "anager*. 3lic8 on the )-earch* ;,tton and select )o/era*. Then go thro,gh the list of /ac8ages and find the one corres/onding to the O/era e; =rowser. Tic8 the ;o7 and select )"ar8 for Re+o@al* then clic8 on the )A//l.* ;,tton.

U0)4&1 /(*' ./.&12 4%) /(*' 4007,+4&,(%.

If a new @ersion of an. /ac8age installed on .o,r co+/,ter is +ade a@aila;le .o, can ,/grade to it. It +a. ;e a sec,rit. ,/date for so+e co+/onent of the o/erating s.ste+9 it +a. ;e an o/ti+iGation in one s/ecific li;rar. or it +a. e@en ;e a newer @ersion of 1irefo7. =asicall.9 .o,r s.ste+ is +ade of /ac8ages and an. /art of it can ;e ,/dated ;. ,/dating so+e of those /ac8ages. This +eans re/lacing the c,rrent /ac8age with a newer @ersion. There are +an. wa.s to do this ;,t onl. one of the+ is reco++ended. 2o, co,ld ,se APT to ,/grade all .o,r /ac8ages with one si+/le co++and ?)a/t ,/grade*A ;,t we strongl. reco++end .o, donIt do so. The reason is that it doesn<t +a8e an. distinctions in selecting which ,/dates to a//l. and ass,+es that .o, want all of the+. -o+e /arts of the s.ste+ are safe to ,/date and so+e others arenIt. 1or instance9 ;. ,/dating .o,r 8ernel ?the /art which is res/onsi;le a+ong other things for hardware recognitionA .o, +ight ;rea8 .o,r so,nd s,//ort9 .o,r wireless card s,//ort or e@en so+e a//lications ?s,ch as V" are and Virt,al;o7A which are closel. lin8ed to the 8ernel.

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U.,%< &51 U0)4&1 M4%4<1'

!in,7 "int co+es with a tool called the &/date "anager. It gi@es +ore infor+ation a;o,t ,/dates and lets .o, define how safe an ,/date +,st ;e ;efore .o, want to a//l. it. It loo8s li8e a shield and sits on the ;otto+4right corner of .o,r screen. If .o, /lace .o,r +o,se /ointer on to/ of it9 it will tell .o, either that .o,r s.ste+ is ,/ to date or9 if it isn<t9 how +an. ,/dates are a@aila;le.

If .o, clic8 on the loc8 icon9 the &/date "anager o/ens and shows .o, the ,/dates that are a@aila;le. The interface is @er. eas. to ,se. 1or each /ac8age ,/date .o, can read the descri/tion9 the changelog ?this is where de@elo/ers e7/lain their changes when the. +odif. the /ac8ageA9 and e@ent,all. if !in,7 "int assigned warnings or e7tra infor+ation a;o,t the ,/dates. 2o, can also see which @ersion is c,rrentl. installed on .o,r co+/,ter and which @ersion is a@aila;le for .o, to ,/date to. 1inall.9 .o, can see the sta;ilit. le@el assigned to the /ac8age ,/date. Each /ac8age ,/date ;rings i+/ro@e+ents or fi7es sec,rit. iss,es ;,t that doesnIt +ean the.Ire ris84free and canIt introd,ce new ;,gs. The sta;ilit. le@el is assigned to each /ac8age ;. !in,7 "int and gi@es .o, an indication of how safe it is for .o, to a//l. an ,/date. Of co,rse .o, can clic8 on the col,+ns to sort ;. sta;ilit. le@el9 stat,s9 /ac8age na+e or ;. @ersion. 2o, can select all ,/dates or ,nselect all of the+ ;. ,sing the )3lear* and )-elect All* ;,ttons. Page 5( of 50

!e@el 1 and !e@el ' ,/dates are ris84free and .o, sho,ld alwa.s a//l. the+. !e@el ( ,/dates )sho,ld ;e safe* ;,t9 altho,gh we reco++end .o, ta8e the+9 +a8e s,re .o, loo8 o@er the+ on the list of ,/dates. If .o, e7/erience a /ro;le+ with a /artic,lar !e@el ( ,/date9 tell the !in,7 "int de@elo/+ent tea+ so the. can ta8e +eas,res to +a8e that ,/date a !e@el 5 or a !e@el 5 so as to warn or e@en disco,rage others against a//l.ing it.

If .o, clic8 on the )Preferences* ;,tton .o, sho,ld see the screen a;o@e. =. defa,lt the &/date "anager tells .o, a;o,t !e@el 19 ' and ( ,/dates. 2o, can decide to +a8e !e@el 5 and 5 )@isi;le*. This will +a8e +ore ,/dates a//ear in the list. If .o, want to .o, can e@en +a8e !e@el 5 and 5 ,/dates )safe* ?altho,gh this is %(& reco++endedA. This will ca,se the+ to ;e selected ;. defa,lt within the &/date "anager. The &/date "anager onl. co,nts )safe* ,/dates. -o when it tells .o, .o,r s.ste+ is ,/ to date9 it +eans there are no ,/dates a@aila;le assigned with a le@el that .o, defined as ;eing )safe*. The &/date "anager onl. shows )@isi;le* ,/dates in the list. 1or e7a+/le9 if .o, +ade all le@els )@isi;le* and onl. !e@el 1 and ' )safe*9 .o, wo,ld see a lot of ,/dates in the list9 ;,t the &/date "anager wo,ld /ro;a;l. tell .o, that .o,r s.ste+ was ,/ to date. The )A,to4Refresh* ta; allows .o, to define how often the &/date "anager chec8s for ,/dates. The )&/date "ethod* ta; lets .o, define how the &/date "anager chec8s for new ,/dates. The )-tart,/ dela.* is the a+o,nt of ti+e the &/date "anager waits ;efore chec8ing for an Internet connection. This dela. is ,sed to gi@e the Networ8 "anager an o//ort,nit. to esta;lish a connection when the co+/,ter starts.

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2o, can also define which do+ain na+e is ,sed ;. the &/date "anager to chec8 the connection to the Internet. The &/date "anager will tr. to /ing this do+ain ;efore loo8ing for ,/dates. The )Incl,de dist4,/grade /ac8ages* o/tion allows .o, to define whether the &/date "anager sho,ld install new de/endencies or not. 1or instance if /ac8age A @ersion 1 was installed on .o,r co+/,ter and /ac8age A @ersion ' ;eca+e a@aila;le9 ;,t @ersion ' had a new de/endenc. on /ac8age = which isnIt installed on .o,r co+/,terN what wo,ld ha//enL If .o, left this chec8;o7 ,nchec8ed9 @ersion ' wo,ld not a//ear as an ,/date in the list of ,/dates. If .o, chec8ed this chec8;o79 it wo,ld9 and if selected it wo,ld install /ac8age= as a de/endenc.. =e caref,l with this o/tion as de/endenc. can install new /ac8ages on .o,r ;ehalf ;,t the. can also so+eti+es re+o@e /ac8ages .o, alread. ha@e installed. In the )Ignored /ac8ages* ta; .o, can define /ac8ages for which .o, do not want to recei@e ,/dates. )L* and )V* wildcard characters are s,//orted. The )Pro7.* ta; lets .o, define /ro7. settings. The last ta; lets .o, change the icons ,sed ;. the &/date "anager in the s.ste+ tra.. If .o, get errors with the &/date "anager ?)3anIt refresh list of /ac8ages* for instanceA9 .o, can chec8 the logs. Right clic8 on the loc8 icon in the s.ste+ tra. and select )Infor+ation*. The following screen a//earsD

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In this screen .o, can see the /rocess ID of the &/date "anager9 whether it<s r,nning with ,ser or root /er+issions9 and the content of its log file. 2o, can also re@iew the ,/dates that were a//lied on .o,r s.ste+ ?/ro@ided the. were a//lied @ia the &/date "anagerA ;. clic8ing on )View4W%istor. of &/dates*.

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T,0. 4%) T',+9.

Are .o, +a8ing the +ost of .o,r des8to/L Do .o, ,s,all. /ress )3TR!R3* on .o,r 8e.;oard to co/. so+e te7tL Do .o, o/en a te7t editor to ta8e a C,ic8 noteL %ow do .o, share files with .o,r friendsL There are +an. wa.s to /erfor+ si+/le tas8s9 so+e +ore efficient than others. This cha/ter is going to show .o, a few /artic,larities of !in,79 "ATE9 and the !in,7 "int des8to/9 to +a8e s,re .o, +a8e the +ost of .o,r s.ste+.

C(0/ 4%) 04.&1 8,&5 &51 2(*.1

"ost /eo/le are ,sed to clic8ing on the )Edit* +en, or to right clic8ing on the content the. want to co/.. In !in,7 "int .o, can do this as well9 ;,t +ost #N&J!in,7 o/erating s.ste+s also let .o, co/. and /aste content fro+ the co+fort of .o,r +o,se. %ere<s how it wor8sD The left ;,tton of the +o,se co/ies and the +iddle ;,tton /astes. It<s as si+/le as thatO !et<s gi@e it a tr.. !a,nch !i;reOffice riter or a te7t editor9 or an. a//lication of .o,r choice that lets .o, in/,t te7t. Now t./e a few sentences. -elect so+e of the te7t .o, >,st t./ed with the left ;,tton of .o,r +o,se. Thin8 .o, need to clic8 on the )Edit* +en, and /ress )3o/.*L NoL =et .o,<re thin8ing .o, wo,ld ,se a co+;ination of 8e.s on .o,r 8e.;oard s,ch as )3TR!R3*. In !in,79 it is +,ch si+/ler. F,st ;. selecting the te7t9

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.o,<@e alread. co/ied it. That<s right... that te7t is now co/ied to .o,r )+o,se ;,ffer* and .o, don<t need to /ress an.thing else. Now clic8 on so+e other /art of the doc,+ent to +o@e the c,rsor there and clic8 the +iddle ;,tton of .o,r +o,se ?or the wheel4clic8 if .o, ha@e a +o,se with a wheel9 or ;oth the left and right ;,ttons together if .o,r +o,se onl. has two ;,ttons... e@er.thing<s ;een tho,ght of9 a/art fro+ those weird "ac +ice with onl. one ;,ttonA. As .o, can see the te7t .o, /re@io,sl. selected has now ;een /asted. The +ore .o, get ,sed to this the faster .o,<ll get at co/.ing and /asting content. This techniC,e also wor8s on +ost &ni7 and #N&J!in,7 o/erating s.ste+s.
Note: "he buffer used by the mouse is not the same as the one used by the A"7 des)top. &o you can actually copy something with your mouse and copy something else with 1-"4L=-2 or with the 17dit2 menu. "han)s to this you can copy two elements at a time and depending on how you copied them you can paste them with either the middle mouse button or with 1-"4L=02 or the 17dit2 menu.

T491. %(&1. 8,&5 T(23(/

e all ta8e notes. hether it<s an address gi@en ;. so+eone o@er the /hone9 an e@er4growing TODO list or so+e /artic,lar thing to re+e+;er9 we<re often faced with the sit,ation where we need to ta8e a C,ic8 note. -o+e of ,s ha@e a lot of written notes aro,nd o,r co+/,ters and ne@er see+ to find a wor8ing /en when the sit,ation arises9 others waste ti+e in la,nching tools that are not s,ita;le for this /artic,lar ,se ?!i;reOffice riter for instance is not @er. hand. to ta8e notesA and @er. few /eo/le act,all. ,se software dedicated to note4ta8ing. !in,7 "int ha//ens to incl,de a dedicated note4ta8ing tool. It is called To+;o. Notes. To+;o. Notes is a @er. eas. tool to ,se. =. clic8ing on it .o, get a list of all .o,r notes. 2o, can create new notes ;. clic8ing on )3reate New Note*.

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A new note o/ens ,/. =. changing its title .o,<ll also change its na+e. 2o, can write whate@er .o, want in the note and close it. The content .o, wrote in .o,r note will alwa.s ;e accessi;le thro,gh To+;o. NotesB 2o, don<t need to sa@e an.thing and .o, can e@en re;oot or t,rn off the co+/,ter. Again9 .o,r note is sa@ed a,to+aticall. as .o,<re writing it. If .o, e@ent,all. decide that .o, no longer need to 8ee/ a /artic,lar note9 .o, can o/en that note and clic8 on the )Delete* ;,tton. If .o, write down the na+e of another note<s title within .o,r note9 To+;o. will a,to+aticall. create a lin8 to that other note and .o,<ll ;e a;le to clic8 that lin8 to o/en the other note. 2o, can also ,se different for+atting o/tions within .o,r note and ,se the +an. feat,res /ro@ided ;. To+;o. Notes ?s.nchroniGation9 search feat,res9 e7/ort notes to PD1J%T"!...etcA.

C(%+7*.,(%
There<s a lot +ore to learn a;o,t !in,7 "int and a;o,t !in,7 in general. This g,ide was >,st an o@er@iew of so+e of the as/ects related to .o,r des8to/. =. now .o, sho,ld feel +ore co+forta;le with ,sing it and .o, sho,ld ha@e a ;etter ,nderstanding of so+e of its co+/onents. here are .o, going to go ne7tL ill .o, learn how to ,se the ter+inalL Page 50 of 50

ill .o, gi@e other des8to/s a tr. ?$DE9 H13E9 etc.AL It<s entirel. ,/ to .o,. Re+e+;er9 !in,7 is a;o,t f,n and the co++,nit. is there to hel/. Ta8e .o,r ti+e and learn a little ;it e@er. da.. There<s alwa.s so+ething new no +atter how +,ch .o, 8now alread.. En>o. !in,7 and than8 .o, for choosing !in,7 "int.

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