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Presented by:
10/Che/16 : Bipin Sharma 10/Che/17 : Vishal Rao 10/Che/18 : Annoy Roy 10/Che/19 : Riki Mandol 10/Che/20 : Koustav Ghosh 10/Che/22 : Md Dilshad 10/Che/23 : Pradeep Singh 10/Che/24 : Ravi Prakash Shiromani
Hydrochloric acid(HCl)
Industrial Name:-Muriatic acid Hydrochloric acid is a clear, colorless solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water. It
Material of construction:
FRP, PVC, HDPE and/or rubber are the materials of choice for storage tanks. Metering pumps and other equipment that comes in contact with concentrated solutions of Hydrochloric Acid (Muriatic Acid)must also be constructed of acid resistant materials such as PVC, rubber, Teflon, ceramic and Hastolly C. No wetted parts should contain any metals such as carbon steel, stainless steel, brass or aluminum.
Material of construction:
Rigid pipingSchedule flanged poly vinyl chloride(PVC), polyethylene, CPVC, FRP, fluorocarbon or acid resistant rubber lined pipe, used for rigid piping. Flexible pipingFlexible hose lined with acid resistant rubber, cross linked polyethylene or fluorocarbon lining is used. ValvesThe valves must be made of acid resistant material (Teflon, Saran, Kynar, FRP, PVC, ceramic or graphite). Quarter turn PVC flanged ball bulb are widely used.
Material of construction:
GasketThe gasket are made of Teflon, Viton fluoroelastomer, EPR, PTFE or Kynar . Level controlLevel control system should be protected with a diaphragm made of Viton, Teflon or Tantalum.
Chlorination:
1. HCl is a by product in chlorination of hydrocarbons.
Synthesis:
1. Water jacketed combustion chamber for burning of chlorine. 2. Burner for supplying heat & a flame arrestor to prevent flame to reach the pure hydrogen. 3. Karbate cooler for cooling the produced gas. 4. Cooler absorber & tail gas scrubber for making the acid from HCl gas.
Comparison between the two processes:Solvay Process Modified Solvay Process Blanc Process
Solvay Process
By-products
Modified Solvay Process useful in the production of fertilisers. It can be recycled to re-use ammonia.
Heat is released and absorbed into water
By-products
Calcium chloride - relatively useless, most Ammonium chloride - very useful in Hydrogen chloride gas of it needs to be disposed chloride of. the production of fertilisers.Ammonium It can and calcium sulfide Calcium - relatively useless, chloride - very be recycled to re-use ammonia.
Thermal Pollution
Thermal Pollution
Air Pollution
Heat is released and absorbed into water Heat is released and absorbed into water
Heat is released and absorbed into water Ammonia gas (toxic), however this is reused so loss is minimal.
Hydrogen chloride gas (highly acidic). Cannot be reused, must be stored.
Air Pollution
Energy Consumption
Energy Consumption
Relatively low, highest temperature Lower than Solvay Process, highest Very high. Coal oxides at 1000oC. Other o o required is 300 C. Other reactions take temperature required is 300 C, reactions take place at around 300oC. Relatively low, highest temperature Lower than Solvay Process, highest o place at +40 C. however other reactions take places at about room temperature. required is 300oC. Other reactions take temperature required is 300oC,
place at +40oC.
Large amounts of water are neededof to water Large are amounts of water are Large requiredamounts to Larger amounts of water are needed to to Large amounts needed to of water are required keep machine parts cool. Water can be keep machine parts cool. Water can be keep machine parts cool. Water can be keep machine parts cool. Water can be keep machine parts cool. Water can be cooled and re-used. cooled and re-used. cooled and re-used.
Reference
Shreves Chemical Process Industries by George T. Austin. Wikipedia. Class notes.