Philippine Literature

Literature (from Latin littera - litteratura (plural); letter) is the art of written work. The word literature literally means: "things made from letters". Literature is commonly classified as having two major formsfiction and non-fictionand two major techniquespoetry and prose. Literature may consist of texts based on factual information (journalistic or non-fiction), a category that may also include polemical works, biography, and reflective essays, or it may consist of texts based on imagination (such as fiction, poetry, or drama). Literature written in poetry emphasizes the aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of languagesuch as sound, symbolism, and metreto evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, ordinary meanings, while literature written in prose applies ordinary grammatical structure and the natural flow of speech. Literature can also be classified according to historical periods, genres, and political influences. While the concept of genre has broadened over the centuries, in general, a genre consists of artistic works that fall within a certain central theme; examples of genre include romance,mystery, crime, fantasy, erotica, and adventure, among others. written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit. books and writings published on a particular subject.

History (from Greek - historia, meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation") is the study of the past, specifically how it relates to humans. It is anumbrella term that relates to past events as well as the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about these events. The term includes cosmic, geologic, and organic history, but is often generically implied to mean human history. Scholars who write about history are called historians. Events occurring prior to written record are considered prehistory. History can also refer to the academic discipline which uses a narrative to examine and analyze a sequence of past events, and objectively determine the patterns of cause and effect that determine them. Historians sometimes debate the nature of history and its usefulness by discussing the study of the discipline as an end in itself and as a way of providing "perspective" on the problems of the present. Stories common to a particular culture, but not supported by external sources (such as the tales surrounding King Arthur) are usually classified as cultural heritage or legends, because they do not support the "disinterested investigation" required of the discipline of history. Events occurring prior to written record are considered prehistory. the study of past events, particularly in human affairs. the whole series of past events connected with a particular person or thing.

Philippine Literature

Philippine literature is the literature associated with the Philippines and includes the legends of prehistory, and the colonial legacy of the Philippines. Most of the notable literature of the Philippines was written during the Spanish period and the first half of the 20th century in

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Spanish language. Philippine literature is written in Spanish, English, Tagalog, or other native Philippine languages.

History of Philippine Literature Fables and tales from the pre-historic era have given rise to the literature of Philippines. Combined with the writing terms of the Hispanic and the culmination of different languages has brought it to be what it is today. It is believed that even much before the colonization, Philippines literature had evolved and there are tales of Spanish and Mexican domination that gives us insights into understanding how English, Spanish, Filipino and other native languages were used. In 1521, there was a use of a particular script known as Baybayin, and it was used to exaggerate the tales from the lands of Luzon when it was dominated by the Spanish. The locals used bamboos and Arecaceae palm leaves to write using knives to engrave a script that was known as Tagalog. This script was limited to symbols of just seventeen for the language, with three consonants and vowels were given down to their successors. The language had a different sound and needed to be further worked upon. Literature has been preserved with the help of the Tagalog script that had a Kudlit or a diacritical mark which helped in the writing and speaking of the language. People used a line, a period or an arrow like symbol below or above the Kudlit to express themselves. Though developed at an early age, Philippines literature was made better and kept intact by the intellectuals who were Filipinos, and it was later that they started using English to express their views. Known best for its fables and tales around the world, Philippines literature was taken in its raw form to the West to be developed and that gave rise to many folklores and epics which have become famous throughout the world.

Importance of Literature

Literature, besides being an art form used for expression, also preserves cultural ideals, customs, and morals. The written word gives us a deeper context into the lives and livelihood of people distinct from ourselves this can be true of historical literature but is equally true of modern literature, as well. We can learn as much from William Shakespeare's time through his plays as we can from authors from a different mindset or place. Besides this detailed and nuanced window into another person's or people's world, literature also challenges the reader to profoundly ponder the art form itself. Through metaphor, allusions, themes, foreshadowing and other literary devices, the reader has the opportunity to analyze a work beyond the written words.

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Literature is a way for man to express his thoughts, beliefs and ideas. It is an excellent way to educate the masses and is also a great way to escape from ordinary life.

Difference of History and Literature History is static, but literature is dynamic. While history does not change, on the other hand, literature moves as people move. History talks about what happened in the past, but literature predict what will happen; it reflects what will happen tomorrow. History is the permanent knowledge of the period while literature is the thought, imagination and the feelings of the particular people relevant that period where they would living and give the prediction of the future.

Relationship between History and Literature Literature has a great deal of History, and History was told through Literature

Why do we need to study Philippine Literature? We study Philippine Literature so that we can better appreciate our literary heritage. Through the study of Philippine Literature, we can trace our rich heritage of ideas and handed down to us from our forefathers. Understand that we have noble traditions which can serve as the means to assimilate other cultures. Realize literary limitations conditioned by certain historical factors and we can take steps to overcome them. Manifest our deep concern for our own literature. LITERATURE AND HISTORY Literature and history are closely interrelated. In discovering history of a race, a country, we basically understand their own culture and traditions, hence the written customs and traditions of a country, the dreams and aspirations of its people is called Literature. History can also be written down and this too, is literature. History therefore is an integral part of literature. Literature and history however also have their differences. Literature may not necessarily be based on true events but history is.

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Prose It is a literary piece which is written in the pattern of ordinary spoken language and within the common flow of conversation. It is derived from the Latin word prosa which means straightforward.

Fiction It is a series of imagined facts which shows truths about human life. Examples are: a. Short Story brief, artistic form of prose which is centered on a major main incident. b. Novel a more extensive form of prose which is elastic and can expand to

Non-Fiction These are literary works that are based mainly on facts rather than on the imagination. An example is the essay. Essay (1) a composition with moderate length, usually expository in nature. There are several types of essay. (2) Examples of Essays a. Formal Essay deals with serious and important topics

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b. c. d. e. Poetry It refers to those expressions in verse, with measures, rhymes, lines, stanzas and melodious tones. It came from the Greek word poiesis which means making. Informal Essay deals with any subject, even the ordinary Critical Essay seeks to analyze or evaluate a literary work Biography deals with the personal life and achievement of a person Travelogue informs others of vicarious experiences in a given place and time.

Lyric Poetry In earlier days, it was meant to be sung to the accompaniment of a musical instrument known as lyre. Examples are: a. Simple Lyric embraces a wide variety of poems and is characterized by subjectivity, imagination, melody and emotion. b. Song short lyric poem which has a specific melodious quality and is intended to be sung c. Sonnet a poem expressing of 14 lines with a formal rhyme d. Elegy a poem expressing lament or grief for the dead. e. Ode most splendid type of lyric

Narrative Poetry It tells a story following an order of events. It includes: a. Ballad short simple narrative poem composed to be sung and is orally told from one generation to another b. Metrical Romance a long rambling love story in verse which is centered around the adventures of knights and lords, and their royal ladies during the age of chivalry. c. Epic a long, majestic narrative poem which tells the adventures of a traditional hero and the development of a nation.

Dramatic Poetry It has the elements that are closely related to drama because it is written in dramatic form or makes use of a dramatic technique. It includes: a. Dramatic Monologue a combination of drama and poetry which presents the speech of a character in a particular situation at a critical moment.

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b. Soliloquy passage spoken by the speaker in a poem of a by the character in a play except that there is no one present to hear him except the audience or the reader. c. Character Sketch poem which the writer is concerned less with complete or implied matters of a story, but rather with arousing sympathy or antagonism for, or some interest in an individual

Difference between PROSE and POETRY Poetry is a lyrical form of writing, used for such things as writing songs or poems. Prose is the more typical form of writing as used in articles and letter.