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TENSES

I. PRESENT 1. Simple Present Tense


POLA: Subject + Verb 1 + . They / We I / You FUNGSI: a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan (habitual action) atau kegiatan yang terjadi berulang ulang dan terus menerus. Contoh : The students go to school e eryd!y. She stud"es #ngl"sh t$"ce ! $ee%. I go to church on Sund!ys We celebr!te our "nde&endence d!y once "n ! ye!r. b. Untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth). Contoh: The sun rises "n the e!st !nd sets do$n "n the $est. The e!rth revolves round the sun. The &"ne!&&le ne er grows u& on ! tree. c. Digunakan dalam bahasa drama, komentar radio dan sejenisnya . When the curt!"n rises' (ul"et "s $r"t"ng on her des%. Suddenly the $"ndo$ opens !nd ! )!s%ed )!n enters. ETERANGAN !A TU: !. # ery )orn"ng/d!y/$ee%/)onth/ye!r b. *nce' t$"ce' three t")es' +our t")es' c. ,d erb o+ +re-uency : !l$!ys' usu!lly' so)et")es' o+ten' ne er' seldo). Subject + Verb s-es + . He / She It

". Present #ontin$o$s Tense


POLA : Subye% + to be ."s' !)' !re/ + V"ng FUNGSI% !. Untuk Contoh: They are st"ll pla&ing !t the )o)ent. She is rea'ing ! no el no$. b. Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung tetapi belum tentu sedang berlangsung ketika pernyataan diucapkan. Contoh: menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu diucapkan.

I am learning 0rench th"s ye!r. 1r. 2ro$n is tea()ing #ngl"sh. 3o$' !t the )o)ent' th"s !+ternoon' th"s e en"ng' r"ght no$' tod!y. ook!, isten!, "atch!, #otice! ( $mperati%e),

ETERANGAN !A TU: maka tenses

3ote : Ketika ada kata kerja seperti: nya &resent 'ontinuous. Contoh: 4 5oo%6 The )!n is (lim*ing.

4 5"sten6 The g"rls ne7t door are singing )y +! our"te song.

+. Present Per,e(t Tense


POLA: Subject + H! e + Verb 8 + . H!s FUNGSI : !. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan waktunya tidak tertentu. Contoh : W"ll"!) Sh!%es&e!re )as written )!ny short stor"es. I )ave swept the +loor. It loo%s cle!n no$.

b. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang pernah dilakukan dan mungkin dilakukan lagi di waktu yang akan datang. Contoh: 1y +r"ends !nd I )ave gone to 2!l". Sh"nt! )as visite' her gr!nd &!rents )!ny t")es. ETERANGAN !A TU: S"nce' +or' just .b!ru s!j!/' !lre!dy' yet' so +!r.

-. Present Per,e(t #ontin$o$s Tense


POLA : Subject + H! e + 2een + Verb-"ng H!s FUNGSI : Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang mulai dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan sampai sekarang masih berlangsung. Contoh: 1y s"ster )as *een st$'&ing #ngl"sh +or three )onths. The students )ave *een 'oing the test s"nce 11 o9cloc%. ETERANGAN !A TU: 0or' s"nce.

.. Simple Past Tense


POLA: Subject + Verb : + *bject + . FUNGSI: Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Contoh: I met )y )us"c te!cher yesterd!y. 1y )other *o$g)t ! ne$ c!r&et l!st Sund!y. ;endy (lose' the $"ndo$ +" e )"nutes !go. The students presente' the"r &roject $or% th"s )orn"ng. ETERANGAN !A TU: 5!st . (ust no$ !go Th"s !+ternoon Th"s )orn"ng Yesterd!y

/. Past #ontin$o$s Tense


POLA: Subject + $!s + Verb- "ng $ere FUNGSI: a. Untuk menggambarkan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau. Contoh: I was st$'&ing !t )y +r"end9s house. 1y &!rents were ()atting "n the l" "ng roo). lampau, dimana peristiwa lain juga terjadi . Contoh: When I was st$'&ing' so)eone %noc%ed the door. When I was wal0ing to school' I )et <"!n s!stro.

b. Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu

1. Past Per,e(t tense


POLA: Subject + H!d + Verb 8 FUNGSI: Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain di waktu lampau muncul. Contoh: The te!chers $ent ho)e !+ter they h!d +"n"shed te!ch"ng.

When I !rr" ed =r"dosono' )y +! our"te !rt"st h!d &er+or)ed.

ETERANGAN !A TU: $hen' !+ter' be+ore.

2. F$t$re Tense
POLA: Subject + sh!ll + Verb 1 + $"ll FUNGSI: a. Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang akan terjadi. Contoh: 2obby $"ll co)e here to)orro$. I sh!ll c!ll )y &!rents $hen I get ho)e. menyatakan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa mendatang yangbukan

b. Untuk Contoh:

merupakan keinginan atau kehendak. To)y $"ll be +ourteen ye!rs old ne7t ye!r. We sh!ll d"e one d!y. ETERANGAN !A TU: To)orro$' ne7t $ee%/)onth/ye!r' the d!y !+ter to)orro$.

Future Perfect Tense


I will have sung The future perfect tense is quite an easy tense to understand and use. The future perfect tense talks about the past in the future.

How do we make the Future Perfect Tense?


The structure of the future perfect tense is:

subject +

auxiliary verb WILL


invariable will

auxiliary verb !"#


invariable have

$ain verb
past participle V3

Look at these exa$ple sentences in the future perfect tense: subject auxiliar verb auxiliar verb main verb

+ + + +

I (ou *he We Will Will

%ill %ill %ill %ill you they

have have not have not have have have

finished for)otten )one left. arrived+ received

by &'a$. $e by then. to school.

it+

In speakin) %ith the future perfect tense, %e often contract the subject and will. *o$eti$es, %e contract the subject, will and have all to)ether: I %ill have you %ill have he %ill have she %ill have it %ill have %e %ill have they %ill have I-ll have you-ll have he-ll have she-ll have it-ll have %e-ll have they-ll have I-ll-ve you-ll-ve he-ll-ve she-ll-ve it-ll-ve %e-ll-ve they-ll-ve

We so$eti$es use shall instead of will, especially for I and %e.

How do we use the Future Perfect Tense?


The future perfect tense expresses action in the future before another action in the future. This is the past in the future. .or exa$ple:

The train %ill leave the station at /a$. (ou %ill arrive at the station at /.&0a$. When you arrive, the train will have left.

The train will have left %hen ou arrive.


past present future Train leaves in future at /a$. / /.& 0

(ou arrive in future at /.&0a$.

Look at so$e $ore exa$ples:


(ou can call $e at %ork at 1a$. I will have arrived at the office by 1. They %ill be tired %hen they arrive. They will not have slept for a lon) ti$e. 23ary %on-t be at ho$e %hen you arrive.2 24eally+ Where will she have !one+2

(ou can so$eti$es think of the future perfect tense like the present perfect tense, but instead of your vie%point bein) in the present, it is in the future: present perfect tense 5 have 5 done 5 65 past now future past now future perfect tense %ill 5 have 5 done 5 65 future

"#$%&"#$% %$TIH$'
&. #very ni)ht, the )uard turns on all the li)hts and 7 around the buildin) every half an hour. a. %alks b. is %alkin) c. %alked d. %ill %alk 8. I 7 $y holiday in 9ali every year. a. spent b. spend c. %ill spend d. a$ spendin) :. 3y friend 7 a lot of photo)raphs %hen she %ent to 9orodudur last $onth. a. has taken b. %ill take c. takes d. took ;. .our years a)o, I 7 in 9ojone)oro, #ast <ava. a. have lived b. don=t live c. lived d. live 0. The students %ent to the >oo to learn 9ilo)y 7. a. every *unday b. next *unday c. last *unday d. on *undays ?. @on=t $ake noise, pleaseA The baby 7. a. slept b. sleeps c. has slept d. is sleepin) B. I $et $y #le$entary *chool teacher this $ornin) %hen I 7. a. %as %aitin) b. a$ %aitin) c. %aited d. %ait 1. 9obby %as studyin) Chysics %hen suddenly so$eone 7 the door. a. %as knockin) b. had knocked c. has knocked d. knocked /. Teacher : Wo%A What a clean classroo$ it is. Datie : (es $a=a$. 3y friend and I 7 it a. s%eep b. s%ept c. %ill s%eep d. have s%ept &'. Windi : Look A The flo%ers are beautiful. Who 7 the$+ Lola : I did, and I %atered the$ re)ularly. a. are plantin) b. planted c. plants d. plant &&. Eovi :FWhere did you )et the GHET!GT $a)a>ine+ <aka : F I 7 it fro$ the library last %eek. I %ant to return it no%, I 7 it. a. borro%ed - read b. lent I have read c. read I have borro%ed d. borro%ed I have read &8. @ita : FWhat are you )oin) to do after )raduatin) fro$ <unior i)h *chool+J !ndi : F I 7 $y study in vocational schoolJ a. continue b. continued c. %ill continue d. have continue &:. Lina : (ou look so pale, anA ani : 4eally+ I 7 a rest yet all day lon). a. %ill not b. didn=t take c. have taken d. haven=t taken &;. 4ico : ey, listenA The )irls next door 7our favourite son).

a. sin) b. sin)s c. %ill sin) d. are sin)in) &0. KI kno% that one of $y students 7 in a bi) co$pany since he )raduated.= a. %orks b. %ill be %orkin) c. is %orkin) d. has been %orkin) &?. !ndi : Tho$, What %ere you doin) %hen the earthquake happened+ Tho$ : I 7 soundly. a. sleep b. slept c. %as sleepin) d. had studied &B. 3eta : What=s your plan for the co$in) holiday+ 4e>a : I 7 $y )rand$other in 9andun). a. visit b. %ill visit c. a$ visitin) d. %ill be visited &1. Ihsan : ave you ever been to 9ali+ @isit : (es, I have Ihsan : When 7 + @idit : Last year. a. %ill you )o there b. have you )o there c. did you )o there d. are you )oin) there Ina 4ia Ina 4ia : Wo%, this floor is so clean. : Thanks. 3y servant L&/M 7 it : o% $any ti$es does she L8'M7 it+ : T%ice a day. c. %ill s%eep d. has s%ept c. s%eepin) d. has s%ept

&/. a. s%eep b. s%ept 8'. a. s%eep b. s%eeps

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