Professional Documents
Culture Documents
00 A l%a* e++e't +a't%r in'lu*e* in t/e *esi(n l%a* e++e't t% a''%unt +%r
spe'i+i' l%a* '%n*iti%ns. see Se'-; 3#00 Table ;-=-
448 %onnector: 6e'/ani'al *e)i'e use* t% '%nne't a*Ga'ent '%mp%nents in t/e pipeline system t% 'reate a
stru'tural G%int resistin( applie* l%a*s an* pre)entin( lea&a(e- E:amples0 T/rea*e* types. in'lu*in( Ci4 %ne
male +ittin( Cpin4. %ne +emale +ittin( Cinte(ral b%:4 an* seal rin(Cs4. %r Cii4 t,% pins. a '%uplin( an* seals sea
rin(Cs4O Flan(e* types. in'lu*in( t,% +lan(es. b%lts an* (as&etIseal rin(O lampe* /ub types. in'lu*in( /ubs.
'lamps. b%lts an* seal rin(Cs4O D%(-type '%nne't%rs-
444 %onstruction phase: T/e '%nstru'ti%n p/ase ,ill typi'ally in'lu*e manu+a'ture. +abri'ati%n an*
installati%n a'ti)ities- 6anu+a'ture a'ti)ities ,ill typi'ally in'lu*e manu+a'ture %+ linepipe an* '%rr%si%n
pr%te'ti%n an* ,ei(/t '%atin(- Fabri'ati%n a'ti)ities ,ill typi'ally in'lu*e +abri'ati%n %+ pipeline '%mp%nents
an* assemblies- Installati%n a'ti)ities ,ill typi'al in'lu*e pre- an* p%st inter)enti%n ,%r&. transp%rtati%n.
installati%n. tie-in an* pre-'%mmissi%nin(-
44# %ontractor0 A party '%ntra'tually app%inte* by t/e Pur'/aser t% +ul+il all. %r any %+. t/e a'ti)ities
ass%'iate* ,it/ *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n an* %perati%n-
445 %orrosion allowance /t
'%rr
00 E:tra ,all t/i'&ness a**e* *urin( *esi(n t% '%mpensate +%r any re*u'ti%n
in ,all t/i'&ness by '%rr%si%n CinternallyIe:ternally4 *urin( %perati%n. see Se'-> D"00-
44& %orrosion control: All rele)ant measures +%r '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n. as ,ell as t/e inspe'ti%n an*
m%nit%rin( %+ '%rr%si%n. see Se'-> D100-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age &5
442 %orrosion protection0 8se %+ '%rr%si%n resistant materials. '%rr%si%n all%,an'e an* )ari%us te'/ni2ues
+%r S'%rr%si%n miti(ati%nT. see Se'-> D100
44: %oupling: 6e'/ani'al *e)i'e t% '%nne't t,% bare pipes t% 'reate a stru'tural G%int resistin( applie* l%a*s
an* pre)entin( lea&a(e-
48* esign0 All relate* en(ineerin( t% *esi(n t/e pipeline in'lu*in( b%t/ stru'tural as ,ell as material an*
'%rr%si%n-
48) esign case: /ara'terisati%n %+ *i++erent l%a* 'ate(%ries. see Se'-; A=00-
484 esign life0 T/e initially planne* time peri%* +r%m initial installati%n %r use until permanent
*e'%mmissi%nin( %+ t/e e2uipment %r system- T/e %ri(inal *esi(n li+e may be e:ten*e* a+ter a re-2uali+i'ati%n-
488 esign premises0 A set %+ pr%Ge't spe'i+i' *esi(n *ata an* +un'ti%nal re2uirements ,/i'/ are n%t
spe'i+ie* %r ,/i'/ are le+t %pen in t/e stan*ar* t% be prepare* pri%r t% t/e *esi(n p/ase-
484 esign phase: T/e *esi(n p/ase ,ill typi'ally be split int% FEED-p/ase. basi' *esi(n an* *etail *esi(n-
F%r ea'/ *esi(n p/ase. t/e same *esi(n tas&s are repeate* but in m%re an* m%re spe'i+i' an* *etaile* le)el-
48# ynamic riser0 A riser ,/i'/ m%ti%n ,ill in+luen'e t/e /y*r%*ynami' l%a* e++e'ts %r ,/ere inertia +%r'es
be'%me si(ni+i'ant-
485 !ngineering %ritical )ssessment /!%)0: Fra'ture me'/ani's assessment %+ t/e a''eptability %+ +la,s in
metalli' materials-
48& !rosion0 6aterial l%ss *ue t% repeate* impa't %+ san* parti'les %r li2ui* *r%plets-
482 &abrication0 A'ti)ities relate* t% t/e assembly %+ %bGe'ts ,it/ a *e+ine* purp%se in a pipeline system-
48: &abrication factor /
+ab
00 Fa't%r %n t/e material stren(t/ in %r*er t% '%mpensate +%r material stren(t/
re*u'ti%n Cin /%%p *ire'ti%n4 +r%m '%l* +%rmin( *urin( manu+a'turin( %+ linepipe. see Table =-=-
44* &abricator0 T/e party per+%rmin( t/e +abri'ati%n-
44) &ailure0 An e)ent a++e'tin( a '%mp%nent %r system an* 'ausin( %ne %r b%t/ %+ t/e +%ll%,in( e++e'ts0
1 l%ss %+ '%mp%nent %r system +un'ti%nO %r
1 *eteri%rati%n %+ +un'ti%nal 'apability t% su'/ an e:tent t/at t/e sa+ety %+ t/e installati%n. pers%nnel %r
en)ir%nment is si(ni+i'antly re*u'e*-
444 &atigue0 y'li' l%a*in( 'ausin( *e(ra*ati%n %+ t/e material-
448 &ittings: Elb%,s. 'aps. tees. sin(le %r multiple e:tru*e* /ea*ers. re*u'ers an* transiti%n se'ti%ns
444 &lange0 %llar at t/e en* %+ a pipe usually pr%)i*e* ,it/ /%les in t/e pipe a:ial *ire'ti%n +%r b%lts t%
permit %t/er %bGe'ts t% be atta'/e* t% it-
44# &luid categorisation0 ate(%risati%n %+ t/e transp%rte* +lui* a''%r*in( t% /aJar* p%tential as *e+ine* in
Table "-1-
445 &ractile0 T/e p-+ra'tile C%r per'entile4 an* t/e '%rresp%n*in( +ra'tile )alue :
p
is *e+ine* as0
F is t/e *istributi%n +un'ti%n +%r :
p
-
44& 1ub0 T/e parts in a me'/ani'al '%nne't%r G%ine* by a 'lamp-
442 1ydrogen 'nduced %rac.ing /1'%0: Internal 'ra'&in( %+ r%lle* materials *ue t% a buil*-up %+ /y*r%(en
pressure in mi'r%-)%i*s CRelate* terms0 step,ise 'ra'&in(4-
44: 1ydrogen 'nduced Stress %rac.ing /1'S%0: ra'&in( t/at results +r%m t/e presen'e %+ /y*r%(en in a
metal ,/ile subGe'te* t% tensile stresses Cresi*ual an*I%r applie*4- T/e s%ur'e %+ /y*r%(en may be ,el*in(.
'%rr%si%n. 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n. ele'tr%platin( %r s%me %t/er ele'tr%'/emi'al pr%'ess- ra'& (r%,t/ pr%'ee*s
by a /y*r%(en embrittlement me'/anism at t/e 'ra'& tip. i-e- t/e bul& material is n%t ne'essarily embrittle* by
/y*r%(en- HIS by '%rr%si%n in presen'e %+ /y*r%(en sulp/i*e is re+erre* t% as Sulp/i*e Stress ra'&in(
CSS4-
4#* 1ydro(test %r 1ydrostatic test0 See 6ill pressure test
4#) 'nspection0 A'ti)ities su'/ as measurin(. e:aminati%n. ,ei(/in( testin(. (au(in( %ne %r m%re
'/ara'teristi's %+ a pr%*u't %r ser)i'e an* '%mparin( t/e results ,it/ spe'i+ie* re2uirements t% *etermine
'%n+%rmity-
4#4 'nstallation Ca'ti)ity40 T/e %perati%ns relate* t% installin( t/e e2uipment. pipeline %r stru'ture. e-(-
pipeline layin(. tie-in. pilin( %+ stru'ture et'-
4#8 'nstallation C%bGe't40 See O++s/%re installati%n-
4#4 'nstallation $anual /'$0: A *%'ument prepare* by t/e %ntra't%r t% *es'ribe an* *em%nstrate t/at t/e
installati%n met/%* an* e2uipment use* by t/e %ntra't%r ,ill meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements an* t/at t/e
p " &
p
= 4 C
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age &6
results 'an be )eri+ie*-
4## 'ntegrity: See Pipeline inte(rity-
4#5 2ointer0 T,% len(t/s %+ pipe ,el*e* t%(et/er by t/e manu+a'turer t% buil* up %ne '%mplete C;0N4 pipe G%int-
4#& 2(tube0 A 7-s/ape* tube installe* %n a plat+%rm. t/r%u(/ ,/i'/ a pipe 'an be pulle* t% +%rm a riser- T/e
7-tube e:ten*s +r%m t/e plat+%rm *e'& t% an* in'lusi)e %+ t/e b%tt%m ben* at t/e seabe*- T/e 7-tube supp%rts
'%nne't t/e 7-tube t% t/e supp%rtin( stru'ture-
4#2 #imit state: A state bey%n* ,/i'/ t/e stru'ture n% l%n(er satis+ies t/e re2uirements- T/e +%ll%,in( limit
states 'ate(%ries are %+ rele)an'e +%r pipeline systems0
1 Serviceability #imit State /S#S0: A '%n*iti%n ,/i'/. i+ e:'ee*e*. ren*ers t/e pipeline unsuitable +%r n%rmal
%perati%ns- E:'ee*an'e %+ a ser)i'eability limit state 'ate(%ry s/all be e)aluate* as an a''i*ental limit state-
1 3ltimate #imit State /3#S0: A '%n*iti%n ,/i'/. i+ e:'ee*e*. '%mpr%mises t/e inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline-
1 &atigue #imit State /&#S00 An 8BS '%n*iti%n a''%untin( +%r a''umulate* 'y'li' l%a* e++e'ts-
1 )ccidental #imit State /)#S00 An 8BS *ue t% a''i*ental Cin-+re2uent4 l%a*s-
4#: #ine pipe: A ,el*e* %r seamless pipe. a)ailable ,it/ t/e en*s plain. be)elle*. (r%%)e*. '%l* e:pan*e*.
+lan(e*. %r t/rea*e*O prin'ipally use* t% '%n)ey (as. %il. %r ,ater-
45* #ined pipe /#0: Pipe ,it/ internal C'%rr%si%n resistant4 liner ,/ere t/e b%n* bet,een Clinepipe4 ba'&in(
steel an* liner material is me'/ani'al-
45) #oad0 Any a'ti%n 'ausin( stress. strain. *e+%rmati%n. *ispla'ement. m%ti%n. et'- t% t/e e2uipment %r system-
454 #oad categories: Fun'ti%nal l%a*. en)ir%nmental l%a*. inter+eren'e l%a* %r a''i*ental l%a*. see Se'-; A-
458 #oad effect0 E++e't %+ a sin(le l%a* %r '%mbinati%n %+ l%a*s %n t/e e2uipment %r system. su'/ as stress.
strain. *e+%rmati%n. *ispla'ement. m%ti%n. et'-
454 #oad effect combinations0 See Se'-; A-
45# #oad effect factor /
F
+
E
+
A
00 T/e partial sa+ety +a't%r by ,/i'/ t/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* e++e't is
multiplie* t% %btain t/e *esi(n l%a* e++e't. see Se'-; 3#00-
455 #oad scenarios: S'enari%s ,/i'/ s/all be e)aluate*. see Se'-; A-
45& #ocation class0 A (e%(rap/i' area %+ pipeline system. see Table "-"-
452 #ot0 %mp%nents %+ t/e same siJe an* +r%m t/e same /eat. t/e same /eat treatment bat'/-
45: $anufacture0 6a&in( %+ arti'les %r materials. %+ten in lar(e )%lumes- In relati%n t% pipelines. re+ers t%
a'ti)ities +%r t/e pr%*u'ti%n %+ linepipe. an%*es an* %t/er '%mp%nents an* appli'ati%n %+ '%atin(. per+%rme*
un*er '%ntra'ts +r%m %ne %r m%re %ntra't%rs-
4&* $anufacturer0 T/e party ,/% is '%ntra'te* t% be resp%nsible +%r plannin(. e:e'uti%n an* *%'umentati%n
%+ manu+a'turin(-
4&) $anufacturing Procedure Specification C6PS40 A manual prepare* by t/e 6anu+a'turer t% *em%nstrate
/%, t/e spe'i+ie* pr%perties may be a'/ie)e* an* )eri+ie* t/r%u(/ t/e pr%p%se* manu+a'turin( r%ute-
4&4 $aterial resistance factor /
m
00 Partial sa+ety +a't%r trans+%rmin( a '/ara'teristi' resistan'e t% a l%,er
+ra'tile resistan'e. see Table =-"-
4&8 $aterial strength factor C
u
40 Fa't%r +%r *eterminati%n %+ t/e '/ara'teristi' material stren(t/ re+le'tin(
t/e '%n+i*en'e in t/e yiel* stress see Table =-;-
4&4 $ill pressure test0 T/e /y*r%stati' stren(t/ test per+%rme* at t/e mill. see Se'-= !"00-
4&# 4ominal outside diameter0 T/e spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter-
4&5 4ominal pipe wall thic.ness0 T/e spe'i+ie* n%n-'%rr%*e* pipe ,all t/i'&ness %+ a pipe. ,/i'/ is e2ual t%
t/e minimum steel ,all t/i'&ness plus t/e manu+a'turin( t%leran'e-
4&& 4ominal strain: T/e t%tal en(ineerin( strain n%t a''%untin( +%r strain '%n'entrati%n +a't%rs-
4&2 4ominal plastic strain: T/e n%minal strain minus t/e linear strain *eri)e* +r%m t/e stress-strain 'ur)e.
see Se'-= Fi(ure #-
4&: 5ffshore installation C%bGe't40 3eneral term +%r m%bile an* +i:e* stru'tures. in'lu*in( +a'ilities. ,/i'/
are inten*e* +%r e:pl%rati%n. *rillin(. pr%*u'ti%n. pr%'essin( %r st%ra(e %+ /y*r%'arb%ns %r %t/er relate*
a'ti)itiesI+lui*s- T/e term in'lu*es installati%ns inten*e* +%r a''%mm%*ati%n %+ pers%nnel en(a(e* in t/ese
a'ti)ities- O++s/%re installati%n '%)ers subsea installati%ns an* pipelines- T/e term *%es n%t '%)er tra*iti%nal
s/uttle tan&ers. supply b%ats an* %t/er supp%rt )essels ,/i'/ are n%t *ire'tly en(a(e* in t/e a'ti)ities *es'ribe*
ab%)e-
42* 5peration+ 'ncidental0 %n*iti%ns ,/i'/ t/at are n%t part %+ n%rmal %perati%n %+ t/e e2uipment %r
system- In relati%n t% pipeline systems. in'i*ental '%n*iti%ns may lea* t% in'i*ental pressures. e-(- pressure
sur(es *ue t% su**en 'l%sin( %+ )al)es. %r +ailure %+ t/e Pipeline %ntr%l system an* a'ti)ati%n %+ t/e Pipeline
sa+ety system-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age '%
42) 5peration+ 4ormal0 %n*iti%ns t/at arise +r%m t/e inten*e* use an* appli'ati%n %+ e2uipment %r system.
in'lu*in( ass%'iate* '%n*iti%n an* inte(rity m%nit%rin(. maintenan'e. repairs et'- In relati%n t% pipelines. t/is
s/%ul* in'lu*e stea*y +l%, '%n*iti%ns %)er t/e +ull ran(e %+ +l%, rates. as ,ell as p%ssible pa'&in( an* s/ut-in
'%n*iti%ns ,/ere t/ese %''ur as part %+ r%utine %perati%n-
424 5peration phase: T/e %perati%n p/ase starts ,it/ t/e '%mmissi%nin(. +illin( t/e pipeline ,it/ t/e
inten*e* +lui*- T/e %perati%n p/ase ,ill in'lu*e inspe'ti%n an* maintenan'e a'ti)ities- In a**iti%n. t/e
%perati%n p/ase may als% in'lu*e m%*i+i'ati%ns. re-2uali+i'ati%ns an* *e-'%mmissi%nin(-
428 5perator /Pipeline(00 T/e party ultimately resp%nsible +%r '%n'ept *e)el%pment. *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n
an* %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system- T/e %perat%r may '/an(e bet,een p/ases-
424 5ut of roundness0 T/e *e)iati%n %+ t/e linepipe perimeter +r%m a 'ir'le- T/is 'an be state* as %)alisati%n
CL4. %r as l%'al %ut %+ r%un*ness. e-(- +lattenin(. Cmm4-
42# 5valisation0 T/e *e)iati%n %+ t/e perimeter +r%m a 'ir'le- T/is /as t/e +%rm %+ an ellipti' 'r%ss se'ti%n
425 Parameter operating envelop: Bimitati%ns %+ t/e %peratin( parameters in t/e pipeline '%ntr%l system t/at
,ill ensure t/at t/e parameter '%ntr%l en)el%pe is n%t e:'ee*e* ,it/ an a''eptable reliability- T/is in'lu*es all
rele)ant parameters an* lin&s bet,een t/ese in'lu*in( minimum )alues i+ rele)ant- T/is ,ill +irst be establis/e*
in t/e '%n'ept p/ase Cmainly base* %n /y*rauli' analyses4. e:ten*e* in t/e *esi(n p/ase an* re-assesse* in t/e
%perati%n p/ase-
42& Parameter safety envelop: Bimitati%ns %+ t/e %peratin( parameters in t/e pipeline sa+ety system t/at ,ill
ensure t/at t/e parameter sa+ety en)el%pe is n%t e:'ee*e* ,it/ an a''eptable reliability- T/is ,ill +irst be
establis/e* in t/e '%n'ept p/ase Cmainly base* %n /y*rauli' analyses4. e:ten*e* in t/e *esi(n p/ase an* re-
assesse* in t/e %perati%n p/ase-
422 Partial safety factor0 A +a't%r by ,/i'/ t/e '/ara'teristi' )alue %+ a )ariable is m%*i+ie* t% (i)e t/e
*esi(n )alue Ci-e- a l%a* e++e't. '%n*iti%n l%a* e++e't. material resistan'e %r sa+ety 'lass resistan'e +a't%r4. see
Se'-= -
42: Pipe+ 1igh &re*uency @el*e* CHF@40 Pipe manu+a'ture* by +%rmin( +r%m strip an* ,it/ %ne
l%n(itu*inal seam +%rme* by ,el*in( ,it/%ut t/e a**iti%n %+ +iller metal- T/e l%n(itu*inal seam is (enerate*
by /i(/ +re2uen'y 'urrent applie* by in*u'ti%n %r '%n*u'ti%n-
4:* Pipe+ Seamless /S$#S0: Pipe manu+a'ture* in a /%t +%rmin( pr%'ess resultin( in a tubular pr%*u't
,it/%ut a ,el*e* seam- T/e /%t +%rmin( may be +%ll%,e* by siJin( %r '%l* +inis/in( t% %btain t/e re2uire*
*imensi%ns-
4:) Pipe+ Submerged )rc(6elded B%n(itu*inal %r Heli'al CSA@B %r SA@H40 Pipe manu+a'ture* by
+%rmin( +r%m strip %r plate. an* ,it/ %ne l%n(itu*inal CSA@B4 %r /eli'al CSA@H4 seam +%rme* by t/e
submer(e* ar' pr%'ess ,it/ at least %ne pass ma*e %n t/e insi*e an* %ne pass +r%m t/e %utsi*e %+ t/e pipe-
4:4 Pipeline %omponents0 Any items ,/i'/ are inte(ral parts %+ t/e submarine pipeline system su'/ as
ben*s. +ittin(s. +lan(es. )al)es. me'/ani'al '%nne't%rs. P is%lati%n G%ints. an'/%r +lan(es. bu'&le an* +ra'ture
arrest%rs. pi( traps. repair 'lamps an* repair '%uplin(s Csee Se'-F4-
4:8 Pipeline %ontrol System0 T/e basi' pr%'ess '%ntr%l system t/at ensures t/at t/e %peratin( parameters are
,it/in t/e %peratin( parameter en)el%p
4:4 Pipeline 'ntegrity0 Pipeline inte(rity is t/e ability %+ t/e submarine pipeline system t% %perate sa+ely an*
,it/stan* t/e l%a*s imp%se* *urin( t/e pipeline li+e'y'le-
4:# Pipeline 'ntegrity $anagement0 T/e pipeline inte(rity mana(ement pr%'ess is t/e '%mbine* pr%'ess %+
t/reat i*enti+i'ati%n. ris& assessments. plannin(. m%nit%rin(. inspe'ti%n. maintenan'e et'- t% maintain pipeline
inte(rity-
4:5 Pipeline Safety System: T/e system as per in IE >1=11 t/at ensures t/at t/e %peratin( parameters are
,it/in t/e sa+ety parameter en)el%p- T/e sa+ety parameters 'an be. but are n%t limite* t%. +l%,. internal
pressure. temperature %r '%mp%siti%n-
4:& Pipeline System0 pipeline ,it/ '%mpress%r %r pump stati%ns. pipeline '%ntr%l stati%ns. meterin(. tan&a(e.
super)is%ry '%ntr%l an* *ata a'2uisiti%n system CSADA4. sa+ety systems. '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n systems. an*
any %t/er e2uipment. +a'ility %r buil*in( use* in t/e transp%rtati%n %+ +lui*s-
See als% Submarine pipeline system-
4:2 Pipeline wal.ing0 A''umulati%n %+ in'remental a:ial *ispla'ement %+ pipeline *ue t% start-up an* s/ut-
*%,n-
4:: Positioning/heading .eeping0 maintainin( a *esire* p%siti%nI/ea*in( ,it/in t/e n%rmal e:e'uti%n %+ t/e
'%ntr%l system an* en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns-
C 8** De+ini%i!ns .c!n%in'e"/
8*) Position/heading reference system: All /ar*,are. s%+t,are an* sens%rs t/at supply in+%rmati%n an* %r
'%rre'ti%ns ne'essary t% (i)e p%siti%nin(I/ea*in( re+eren'e-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age '$
8*4 Pressure test0 See System pressure test
8*8 Pressure+ %ollapse /p
'
00 /ara'teristi' resistan'e a(ainst e:ternal %)er-pressure. see Se'-= D;00-
8*4 Pressure+ esign /p
*
00 In relati%n t% pipelines. t/is is t/e ma:imum internal pressure *urin( n%rmal
%perati%n. re+erre* t% t/e same re+eren'e ele)ati%n as t/e in'i*ental pressure. see Fi(ure 1 an* Se'-# D"00-
8*# Pressure+ 1ydro- %r Hy*r%stati' test0 See Pressure. 6ill test-
8*5 Pressure+ 'ncidental /p
in'
00 In relati%n t% pipelines. t/is is t/e ma:imum internal pressure t/e pipeline %r
pipeline se'ti%n is *esi(ne* t% ,it/stan* *urin( any in'i*ental %peratin( situati%n. re+erre* t% a spe'i+ie*
re+eren'e ele)ati%n. see Fi(ure 1 an* Se'-# D"00-
Fig're )
9ress're "e+ini%i!ns
8*& Pressure+ 'nitiation0 T/e e:ternal %)er-pressure re2uire* t% initiate a pr%pa(atin( bu'&le +r%m an e:istin(
l%'al bu'&le %r *ent C100-year )alue4. see Se'-= D=00-
8*2 Pressure+ #ocal7 #ocal esign+ #ocal 'ncidental %r #ocal Test0 In relati%n t% pipelines. t/is is t/e internal
pressure at any p%int in t/e pipeline system %r pipeline se'ti%n +%r t/e '%rresp%n*in( *esi(n pressure. in'i*ental
pressure %r test pressure a*Guste* +%r t/e '%lumn ,ei(/t. see Se'-; !"00-
8*: Pressure+ $a"imum )llowable 'ncidental /$)'P0: In relati%n t% pipelines. t/is is t/e ma:imum pressure
at ,/i'/ t/e pipeline system s/all be %perate* *urin( in'i*ental Ci-e- transient4 %perati%n- T/e ma:imum
all%,able in'i*ental pressure is *e+ine* as t/e ma:imum in'i*ental pressure less t/e p%siti)e t%leran'e %+ t/e
Pipeline Sa+ety System. see Fi(ure 1 an* Se'-# D"00-
8)* Pressure+ $a"imum )llowable 5perating /$)5P0: In relati%n t% pipelines. t/is is t/e ma:imum
pressure at ,/i'/ t/e pipeline system s/all be %perate* *urin( n%rmal %perati%n- T/e ma:imum all%,able
%peratin( pressure is *e+ine* as t/e *esi(n pressure less t/e p%siti)e t%leran'e %+ t/e Pipeline %ntr%l System
CPS4. see Fi(ure 1 an* Se'-# D"00-
8)) Pressure+ $ill test /p
/
00 T/e test pressure applie* t% pipe G%ints an* pipe '%mp%nents up%n '%mpleti%n
%+ manu+a'ture an* +abri'ati%n. see Se'-= !"00-
8)4 Pressure+ Propagating /p
pr
00 T/e l%,est pressure re2uire* +%r a pr%pa(atin( bu'&le t% '%ntinue t%
pr%pa(ate. see Se'-= D=00-
8)8 Pressure+ shut(in0 T/e ma:imum pressure t/at 'an be attaine* at t/e ,ell/ea* *urin( 'l%sure %+ )al)es 'l%sest
t% t/e ,ell/ea* C,ell/ea* is%lati%n4- T/is implies t/at pressure transients *ue t% )al)e 'l%sin( s/all be in'lu*e*-
8)4 Pressure+ System test /p
test
00 In relati%n t% pipelines. t/is is t/e internal pressure applie* t% t/e pipeline
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age '&
%r pipeline se'ti%n *urin( testin( %n '%mpleti%n %+ installati%n ,%r& t% test t/e pipeline system +%r ti(/tness
Cn%rmally per+%rme* as /y*r%stati' testin(4. see Se'-= !"00-
8)# Pressure+ Test0 See Pressure. System test-
8)5 Pup Piece: An e:tra linepipe pie'e a**e* t% a '%mp%nent in %r*er t% buil* up a 'ertain %)erall len(t/.
typi'ally +%r '%nstru'ti%n an*I%r +abri'ati%n purp%se-
8)& Purchaser0 T/e %,ner %r an%t/er party a'tin( %n /is be/al+. ,/% is resp%nsible +%r pr%'urin( materials.
'%mp%nents %r ser)i'es inten*e* +%r t/e *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n %r m%*i+i'ati%n %+ a installati%n %r a pipeline-
8)2 8uality )ssurance /8)0: Planne* an* systemati' a'ti%ns ne'essary t% pr%)i*e a*e2uate '%n+i*en'e t/at
a pr%*u't %r ser)i'e ,ill satis+y (i)en re2uirements +%r 2uality- CT/e 5uality Assuran'e a'ti%ns %+ an
%r(anisati%n is *es'ribe* in a 5uality 6anual statin( t/e 5uality P%li'y an* '%ntainin( t/e ne'essary
pr%'e*ures an* instru'ti%ns +%r plannin( an* per+%rmin( t/e re2uire* a'ti%ns4-
8): 8uality %ontrol /8%00 T/e internal systems an* pra'ti'es Cin'lu*in( *ire't inspe'ti%n an* materials
testin(4. use* by manu+a'turers t% ensure t/at t/eir pr%*u'ts meet t/e re2uire* stan*ar*s an* spe'i+i'ati%ns-
84* 8uality Plan /8P0: T/e *%'ument settin( %ut t/e spe'i+i' 2uality pra'ti'es. res%ur'es an* se2uen'e %+
a'ti)ities rele)ant t% a parti'ular pr%*u't. pr%Ge't %r '%ntra't- A 2uality plan usually ma&es re+eren'e t% t/e part
%+ t/e 2uality manual Ce-(- pr%'e*ures an* ,%r& instru'ti%ns4 appli'able t% t/e spe'i+i' 'ase-
84) Ratcheting0 A''umulate* *e+%rmati%n *urin( 'y'li' l%a*in(. espe'ially +%r *iameter in'rease. see Se'-=
D1"00- D%es n%t in'lu*e s% 'alle* Pipeline @al&in(-
844 Reliability0 T/e pr%bability t/at a '%mp%nent %r system ,ill per+%rm its re2uire* +un'ti%n ,it/%ut +ailure.
un*er state* '%n*iti%ns %+ %perati%n an* maintenan'e an* *urin( a spe'i+ie* time inter)al-
848 Re(*ualification0 T/e re-assessment %+ a *esi(n *ue t% m%*i+ie* *esi(n premises an*I%r sustaine* *ama(e-
844 Resistance0 T/e 'apability %+ a stru'ture. %r part %+ a stru'ture. t% resist l%a* e++e'ts. see Se'-= "00-
84# Riser0 A riser is *e+ine* as t/e '%nne'tin( pipin( %r +le:ible pipe bet,een a submarine pipeline %n t/e
seabe* an* installati%ns ab%)e ,ater- T/e riser e:ten*s t% t/e ab%)e sea emer(en'y is%lati%n p%int bet,een t/e
imp%rtIe:p%rt line an* t/e installati%n +a'ilities. i-e- riser ESD )al)e-
845 Riser support/clamp0 A stru'ture ,/i'/ is inten*e* t% &eep t/e riser in pla'e-
84& Riser system0 A riser system is '%nsi*ere* t% '%mprise riser. its supp%rts. all inte(rate* pipelinin(
'%mp%nents. an* '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n system-
842 Ris.0 T/e 2ualitati)e %r 2uantitati)e li&eli/%%* %+ an a''i*ental %r unplanne* e)ent %''urrin(. '%nsi*ere*
in '%nGun'ti%n ,it/ t/e p%tential '%nse2uen'es %+ su'/ a +ailure- In 2uantitati)e terms. ris& is t/e 2uanti+ie*
pr%bability %+ a *e+ine* +ailure m%*e times its 2uanti+ie* '%nse2uen'e-
84: Safety %lass /S%0: In relati%n t% pipelinesO a '%n'ept a*%pte* t% 'lassi+y t/e si(ni+i'an'e %+ t/e pipeline
system ,it/ respe't t% t/e '%nse2uen'es %+ +ailure. see Se'-" ;00-
88* Safety class resistance factor /
S
00 Partial sa+ety +a't%r ,/i'/ trans+%rms t/e l%,er +ra'tile resistan'e t%
a *esi(n resistan'e re+le'tin( t/e sa+ety 'lass. see Table =-#-
88) Single event0 Strainin( in %ne *ire'ti%n-
884 Slamming0 Impa't l%a* %n an appr%:imately /%riJ%ntal member +r%m a risin( ,ater sur+a'e as a ,a)e
passes- T/e *ire'ti%n is mainly )erti'al-
888 Slapping0 Impa't l%a* %n an appr%:imately )erti'al sur+a'e *ue t% a brea&in( ,a)e- T/e *ire'ti%n is
mainly /%riJ%ntal-
884 Specified $inimum Tensile Strength /S$TS0: T/e minimum tensile stren(t/ spe'i+ie* by t/is stan*ar*-
F%r supplementary re2uirement 8. t/is '%rresp%n*s t% a statisti'al )alue e2ual t% %r l%,er t/an t/e mean E t/ree
stan*ar* *e)iati%ns-
88# Specified $inimum 9ield Stress /S$9S00 T/e minimum yiel* stress spe'i+ie* by t/is stan*ar*- F%r
supplementary re2uirement 8. t/is '%rresp%n*s t% a statisti'al )alue e2ual t% %r l%,er t/an t/e mean t,%
stan*ar* *e)iati%ns-
885 Splash J%ne0 E:ternal sur+a'es %+ a stru'ture %r pipeline t/at are peri%*i'ally in an* %ut %+ t/e ,ater by
t/e in+luen'e %+ ,a)es an* ti*es-
88& Splash :one 1eight0 T/e )erti'al *istan'e bet,een splas/ J%ne upper limit an* splas/ J%ne l%,er limit-
882 Splash :one #ower #imit /#S:4 is *etermine* by0
BSU ? VB1V - VB"V - VB#V
B1 ? l%,est astr%n%mi' ti*e le)el CBAT4
B" ? #0L %+ t/e Splas/ J%ne ,a)e-relate* /ei(/t *e+ine* in #;0
B# ? up,ar* m%ti%n %+ t/e riser-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age ''
88: Splash :one 3pper #imit /3S:0 is *etermine* by0
84* Splash ,one wave(related height0 T/e ,a)e /ei(/t ,it/ a pr%bability %+ bein( e:'ee*e* e2ual t% 10
-"
. as
*etermine* +r%m t/e l%n( term *istributi%n %+ in*i)i*ual ,a)es- I+ t/is )alue is n%t a)ailable. an appr%:imate
)alue %+ t/e splas/ J%ne /ei(/t may be ta&en as0
0-;> H
s
100
@/ere
H
s
100
? si(ni+i'ant ,a)e /ei(/t ,it/ a 100 year return peri%*
84) Spool0 A pipe se'ti%n ,/i'/ is use* t% '%nne't a pipeline t% an%t/er subsea stru'ture Ce-(- mani+%l*.
PBET. tee4 %r riser-
844 Submarine Pipeline0 A submarine pipeline is *e+ine* as t/e part %+ a submarine pipeline system ,/i'/.
e:'ept +%r pipeline risers is l%'ate* bel%, t/e ,ater sur+a'e at ma:imum ti*e- T/e pipeline may. be restin(
,/%lly %r intermittently %n. %r burie* bel%,. t/e seabe*-
848 Submarine Pipeline System0 a submarine pipeline system e:ten*s t% t/e +irst ,el* bey%n*0
1 t/e +irst )al)e. +lan(e %r '%nne'ti%n ab%)e ,ater %n plat+%rm %r +l%ater
1 t/e '%nne'ti%n p%int t% t/e subsea installati%n Ci-e- pipin( mani+%l*s are n%t in'lu*e*4
1 t/e +irst )al)e. +lan(e. '%nne'ti%n %r insulati%n G%int at a lan*+all unless %t/er,ise spe'i+ie* by t/e %n-s/%re
le(islati%n-
T/e '%mp%nent ab%)e C)al)e. +lan(e. '%nne'ti%n. insulati%n G%int4 in'lu*es any pup pie'es. i-e- t/e submarine
pipeline system e:ten*s t% t/e ,el* bey%n* t/e pup pie'e-
844 Submerged ,one0 T/e part %+ t/e pipeline system %r installati%n bel%, t/e splas/ J%ne. in'lu*in( burie* parts-
84# Supplementary re*uirements0 Re2uirements +%r material pr%perties %+ linepipe t/at are e:tra t% t/e
a**iti%nal re2uirements t% ISO an* t/at are inten*e* t% apply t% pipe use* +%r spe'i+i' appli'ati%ns-
845 System effects0 System e++e'ts are rele)ant in 'ases ,/ere many pipe se'ti%ns are subGe'te* t% an
in)ariant l%a*in( '%n*iti%n. an* p%tential stru'tural +ailure may %''ur in '%nne'ti%n ,it/ t/e l%,est stru'tural
resistan'e am%n( t/e pipe se'ti%ns. see Se'-; 3#00-
84& System pressure test0 Final test %+ t/e '%mplete pipeline system. see Se'-= !"00-
842 Target nominal failure probability0 A n%minal a''eptable pr%bability %+ stru'tural +ailure- 3r%ss err%rs
are n%t in'lu*e*. see Se'-" =00-
84: Temperature+ design+ ma"imum0 T/e /i(/est p%ssible temperature pr%+ile t% ,/i'/ t/e e2uipment %r
system may be e:p%se* t% *urin( installati%n an* %perati%n C100-year )alue4-
8#* Temperature+ design+ minimum0 T/e l%,est p%ssible temperature pr%+ile t% ,/i'/ t/e '%mp%nent %r
system may be e:p%se* t% *urin( installati%n an* %perati%n C100-year )alue4- T/is may be applie* l%'ally. see
Se'-; !10>-
8#) Temperature+ operation0 Representati)e temperature pr%+ileCs4 *urin( %perati%n-
8#4 Test unit0 A pres'ribe* 2uantity %+ pipe t/at is ma*e t% t/e spe'i+ie* %uter *iameter an* spe'i+ie* ,all
t/i'&ness. by t/e same pipe-manu+a'turin( pr%'ess. +r%m t/e same /eat. an* un*er t/e same pipe-
manu+a'turin( '%n*iti%ns-
8#8 Threats0 An in*i'ati%n %+ impen*in( *an(er %r /arm t% t/e pipeline system-
8#4 Tide: See Se'-# ;00-
8## 3ltimate Tensile Strength /3TS0: T/e measure* ultimate tensile stren(t/-
8#5 ;erification0 An e:aminati%n t% '%n+irm t/at an a'ti)ity. a pr%*u't %r a ser)i'e is in a''%r*an'e ,it/
spe'i+ie* re2uirements-
8#& 6eld+ strip/plate end0 @el* t/at G%ins strip %r plate G%ins t%(et/er-
8#2 6or.0 All a'ti)ities t% be per+%rme* ,it/in rele)ant '%ntra'tCs4 issue* by O,ner. Operat%r. %ntra't%r
%r 6anu+a'turer-
8#: 9ield Stress CRS40 T/e measure* yiel* tensile stress-
85* <==(year load effect: T/e l%a* ,it/ an annual pr%bability %+ 10
-"
%+ e:'ee*an'e in a peri%* %+ %ne year
8SU ? V81V W V8"V W V8#V
81 ? /i(/est astr%n%mi' ti*e le)el CHAT4
8" ? <0L %+ t/e splas/ J%ne ,a)e-relate* /ei(/t *e+ine* in #;0
8# ? settlement %r *%,n,ar* m%ti%n %+ t/e riser. i+ appli'able
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age '1
D. A66re-ia%i!ns an" S7$6!ls
D )** A66re-ia%i!ns
ABS A''i*ental Bimit State
AR A**iti%nal Re2uirement t% t/e state* ISO stan*ar*
API Ameri'an Petr%leum Institute
APS Appli'ati%n Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%n
ASD All%,able Stress Desi(n
AS6E Ameri'an S%'iety %+ 6e'/ani'al En(ineers
AST6 Ameri'an S%'iety +%r Testin( an* 6aterials
A8T Aut%mate* 8ltras%ni' Testin(
!E !est Estimate
!6 !ase material
!S !ritis/ Stan*ar*
la* pipe
-6n arb%n 6an(anese
6OD ra'& 6%ut/ Openin( Displa'ement
P at/%*i' Pr%te'ti%n
RA %rr%si%n Resistant All%y
TOD ra'& Tip Openin( Displa'ement
VN /arpy V-N%t'/
DA Distan'e Amplitu*e %rre'ti%n
D Displa'ement '%ntr%lle*
DFI Desi(n. Fabri'ati%n an* Installati%n
DNV Det N%rs&e Veritas
DP Dynami' P%siti%nin(
D@TT Dr%p @ei(/t Tear Testin(
E!@ Ele'tr%n !eam @el*e*
E E**y urrent Testin(
EA En(ineerin( riti'al Assessment
EDI Ele'tr%ni' Data Inter'/an(e
E6S Ele'tr% 6a(neti' Stirrin(
ER@ Ele'tri' Resistan'e @el*in(
ESD Emer(en'y S/ut D%,n
FEED Fr%nt En* En(ineerin( Desi(n
F7 Fiel* 7%int %atin(
FBS Fati(ue Bimit State
F6EA Failure 6%*e E++e't Analysis
3-FA@ 3as-Flu: %re Ar' @el*in(
36A@ 3as 6etal Ar' @el*in(
HAT Hi(/est Astr%n%mi'al Ti*e
HAU Heat A++e'te* U%ne
HAUOP HaJar* an* Operability Stu*y
HF@ Hi(/ Fre2uen'y @el*in(
HIPPS Hi(/ Inte(rity Pressure Pr%te'ti%n System
HI Hy*r%(en In*u'e* ra'&in(
HIS Hy*r%(en In*u'e* Stress ra'&in(
ID Internal Diameter
I6 Installati%n 6anual
I6A Internati%nal 6arine %ntra't%rNs Ass%'iati%n
ISO Internati%nal Or(aniJati%n +%r Stan*ar*iJati%n
ITP Inspe'ti%n an* Testin( Plan
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age '2
7O Pipe +abri'ati%n pr%'ess +%r ,el*e* pipes
7OE Pipe +abri'ati%n pr%'ess +%r ,el*e* pipes. e:pan*e*
7-R 'ur)e Pl%t %+ resistan'e t% stable 'ra'& (r%,t/ +%r establis/in( 'ra'& e:tensi%n
KV /arpy )alue
KVB /arpy )alue in pipe l%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n
KVT /arpy )alue in pipe trans)ersal *ire'ti%n
B Bine* pipe %r l%a* e++e't
BAT B%,est Astr%n%mi' Ti*e
B! B%,er !%un*
B B%a* '%ntr%lle*
B!@ Baser !eam @el*e*
B!U B%'al !rittle U%nes
BRFD B%a* an* Resistan'e Fa't%r Desi(n
BSU Splas/ U%ne B%,er Bimit
6IA 6artensiti'IAustenite
6AIP 6a:imum All%,able In'i*ental Pressure
6AOP 6a:imum All%,able Operatin( Pressure
6DS 6aterial Data S/eet
6P5T 6anu+a'turin( Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n Test
6PS 6anu+a'turin( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%n
6R 6%*i+ie* Re2uirement t% t/e state* ISO stan*ar*
6SA 6anu+a'turin( Sur)ey Arran(ement
6T 6a(neti' Parti'le Testin(
6@P 6ultiple @el*in( Pr%'ess
N N%rmalise*
NAE Nati%nal Ass%'iati%n %+ %rr%si%n En(ineers
NDT N%n-Destru'ti)e Testin(
P Pr%*u'ti%n
PS Pipeline %ntr%l System
PFD Pr%bability %+ Failure %n Deman*
PI6 Pipeline Inte(rity 6ana(ement
PPT Pre-Pr%*u'ti%n Trial
PRE Pittin( Resistan'e E2ui)alent
PRB Primary Re+eren'e Be)el
PSS Pipeline Sa+ety System
PT Penetrant Testin(
PTFE P%ly Tetra Fl%ur Et/ylene
P@HT P%st ,el* /eat treatment
p@PS preliminary @el*in( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%n
P5T Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n Trial
5 5uali+i'ati%n
5A 5uality Assuran'e
5 5uality %ntr%l
5P 5uality Plan
5RA 5uantitati)e Ris& Assessment
5T 5uen'/e* an* Tempere*
ROV Rem%tely Operate* Ve/i'le
RT Ra*i%(rap/i' testin(
SA@H Submer(e* Ar'-,el*in( Heli'al
SA@B Submer(e* Ar'-,el*in( B%n(itu*inal
S Sa+ety lass
SF Stress %n'entrati%n Fa't%r
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age '3
D 4** S7$6!ls la%in charac%ers
SR Steel atenary Riser
SEN! Sin(le E*(e N%t'/e* !en* +ra'ture me'/ani's spe'imen
SENT Sin(le E*(e N%t'/e* Tensi%n +ra'ture me'/ani's spe'imen
SBS Ser)i'eability Bimit State
S6A@ S/iel*e* 6etal Ar' @el*in(
S6BS Seamless Pipe
S6TS Spe'i+ie* 6inimum Tensile Stren(t/
S6RS Spe'i+ie* 6inimum Riel* Stress
SN Stress )ersus number %+ 'y'les t% +ailure
SNF Strain %n'entrati%n Fa't%r
SRA Stru'tural Reliability Analysis
SS Sulp/i*e Stress ra'&in(
ST Sur+a'e testin(
T6 T,% ur)e 6et/%*
T6P T/erm%-6e'/ani'al %ntr%lle* Pr%'ess
TOFD Time %+ Fli(/t Di++ra'ti%n
TR! T/ree R%ll !en*in(
8! 8pper !%un*
8BS 8ltimate Bimit State
8O Pipe +abri'ati%n pr%'ess +%r ,el*e* pipes
8OE Pipe +abri'ati%n pr%'ess +%r ,el*e* pipes. e:pan*e*
8SU Splas/ U%ne 8pper Bimit
8T 8ltras%ni' testin(
8TS 8ltimate Tensile Stren(t/
VT Visual Testin(
@6 @el* 6etal
@P5T @el*in( Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n Test
@PS @el*in( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%n
RS Riel* Stress
a ra'& *ept/
A r%ss se'ti%n area
A
e
Pipe e:ternal 'r%ss se'ti%n area
A
i
Pipe internal 'r%ss se'ti%n area
A
s
Pipe steel 'r%ss se'ti%n area
! Spe'imen ,i*t/
D N%minal %utsi*e *iameter-
D
+at
6inerNs sum
DFF Desi(n Fati(ue Fa't%r. E2- =-#"
D
i
DE"t
n%m
N%minal internal *iameter
D
ma:
3reatest measure* insi*e %r %utsi*e *iameter
D
min
Smallest measure* insi*e %r %utsi*e *iameter
E R%un(As 6%*ulus
+
0
O)ality
+
'b
6inimum %+ +
y
an* +
u
I1-1=. see E2- =-H
+
u
Tensile stren(t/ t% be use* in *esi(n. see E2- =-=
+
u.temp
Deratin( %n tensile stress t% be use* in *esi(n. see E2- =-=
"
;
( )
"
"
;
t
( ) t t
min ma:
X
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age '4
+
y
Riel* stress t% be use* in *esi(n. see E2- =-;
+
y.temp
Deratin( %n yiel* stress t% be use* in *esi(n. see E2- =-;
( 3ra)ity a''elerati%n
H Resi*ual lay tensi%n. see E2- ;-10 an* E2- ;-11
/
bea*
Hei(/t %+ ,el* bea* in'lu*in( misali(nment. see e-(- Table D-;
/
l
Ele)ati%n at pressure p%int. see E2- ;-1
H
p
Permanent plasti' *ent *ept/
/
re+
Ele)ati%n at pressure re+eren'e le)el. see E2- ;-1
H
s
Si(ni+i'ant ,a)e /ei(/t
ID N%minal insi*e *iameter
& number %+ stress bl%'&s
B /ara'teristi' l%a* e++e't
6 6%ment
N A:ial +%r'e in pipe ,all CStrueT +%r'e4 Ctensi%n is p%siti)e4 %r Number %+ l%a* e++e't 'y'les
n
i
Number %+ stress bl%'&s
N
i
Number %+ stress 'y'les t% +ailure at '%nstant amplitu*e
O Out %+ r%un*ness. D
ma:
- D
min
p
b
Pressure '%ntainment resistan'e. see E2- =-F
p
'
/ara'teristi' '%llapse pressure. see E2- =-11
p
*
Desi(n pressure
P
Di
CiNt/4 Dama(in( e)ent. see E2- =-#;
p
e
E:ternal pressure
p
el
Elasti' '%llapse pressure. see E2- =-1"
p
+
Failure pr%bability
p
+.T
Tar(et n%minal +ailure pr%bability. see Table "-=
p
/
6ill test pressure. see Se'-< E100
p
i
/ara'teristi' internal pressure
p
in'
In'i*ental pressure
p
init
Initiati%n pressure
p
l*
B%'al *esi(n pressure
p
li
B%'al in'i*ental pressure. see E2- ;-1
p
lt
B%'al test pressure Csystem test4. see E2- ;-"
p
p
Plasti' '%llapse pressure. see E2- =-1#
p
pr
Pr%pa(atin( pressure. see E2- =-1>
p
pr.A
Pr%pa(atin( bu'&le 'apa'ity %+ in+inite bu'&le arrest%r
p
t
System test pressure. see E2- ;-" an* =-1
p
:
r%ss%)er pressure. see E2- =-1F
R 3l%bal ben*in( ra*ius %+ pipe. Rea'ti%n +%r'e %r Resistan'e
R
m
Tensile stren(t/
R
p:
Stren(t/ e2ui)alent t% a permanent el%n(ati%n %+ :L Ca'tual stress4
R
t:
Stren(t/ e2ui)alent t% a t%tal el%n(ati%n %+ :L Ca'tual stress4
S E++e'ti)e a:ial +%r'e CTensi%n is p%siti)e4
t
'
/ara'teristi' t/i'&ness t% be repla'e* by t
1
%r t
"
as rele)ant. see Table =->
T Temperature
t. t
n%m
N%minal ,all t/i'&ness %+ pipe Cun-'%rr%*e*4
T
0
Testin( temperature
t
1
. t
"
Pipe ,all t/i'&ness. see Table =->
t
'%rr
%rr%si%n all%,an'e. see Table =->
T
'
IT
'N
%ntin(en'y time +%r %perati%nI'easin( %perati%n. see Se'-; >00
t
+ab
Fabri'ati%n t/i'&ness t%leran'e. see Table <-1F
t
m.min
6easure* minimum t/i'&ness
T
ma:
6a:imum *esi(n temperature. see Se'-; !100
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age '5
D 8** S7$6!ls gree0 charac%ers
T
min
6inimum *esi(n temperature. see Se'-; !100
t
min
6inimum t/i'&ness
T
p%p
Planne* %perati%nal peri%*. see Se'-; >00
T
R
IT
RN
Re+eren'e peri%* +%r %perati%nI'easin( %perati%n. see Se'-; >00
T
Sa+e
Planne* time t% 'ease %perati%n. see Se'-; >00
T
@F
Time bet,een (enerate* ,eat/er +%re'asts-
@ Se'ti%n m%*ulus %r Spe'imen t/i'&ness-
@
sub
Submer(e* ,ei(/t
T/ermal e:pansi%n '%e++i'ient
'
Fl%, stress parameter. see E2- =-""
+ab
Fabri'ati%n +a't%r. see Table =-=
(,
3irt/ ,el* +a't%r Cstrain resistan'e4. see E2- =-#0
/
train /ar*enin(
mpt
6ill pressure test +a't%r. see Table =-H
p
Pressure +a't%r use* in '%mbine* l%a*in( 'riteria. see E2- =-1H
pm
Plasti' m%ment re*u'ti%n +a't%r +%r p%int l%a*s. see E2- =-">
spt
System pressure test +a't%r. see Table =-H
8
6aterial stren(t/ +a't%r. see Table =-;
Fa't%r use* in '%mbine* l%a*in( 'riteria
Strain
'
/ara'teristi' ben*in( strain resistan'e. see E2- =-#0
+
A''umulate* plasti' strain resistan'e
l-n%m
T%tal n%minal l%n(itu*inal strain
p
Plasti' strain
r
Resi*ual strain
r.r%t
Resi*ual strain limit
A
B%a* e++e't +a't%r +%r a''i*ental l%a*. see Table ;-;
'
%n*iti%n l%a* e++e't +a't%r. see Table ;-=
E
B%a* e++e't +a't%r +%r en)ir%nmental l%a*. see Table ;-;
F
B%a* e++e't +a't%r +%r +un'ti%nal l%a*. see Table ;-;
in'
In'i*ental t% *esi(n pressure rati%. see Table #-1
m
6aterial resistan'e +a't%r. see Table =-"
r%t
Sa+ety +a't%r +%r resi*ual strain
S
Sa+ety 'lass resistan'e +a't%r. see Table =-#
8sa(e +a't%r
ur)ature
P%iss%nNs rati%
Fri'ti%n '%e++i'ient
'%nt
Density pipeline '%ntent
t
Density pipeline '%ntent *urin( system pressure test
Stan*ar* *e)iati%n %+ a )ariable Ce-(- t/i'&ness4
e
E2ui)alent stress. V%n 6ises. see E2- =-;1
/
H%%p stress. see E2- =-;"
l
B%n(itu*inalIa:ial stress. see E2- =-;#
l/
Tan(ential s/ear stress
ma:
= . 0
|
|
\
|
m
t
R
R
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age '6
D 4** S'6scri(%s
A A''i*ental l%a*
!A !u'&le arrest%r
' /ara'teristi' resistan'e
* Desi(n )alue
E En)ir%nmental l%a*
e E:ternal
el Elasti'
F Fun'ti%nal l%a*
/ ir'um+erential *ire'ti%n C/%%p *ire'ti%n4
H ir'um+erential *ire'ti%n C/%%p *ire'ti%n4
i Internal
B A:ial Cl%n(itu*inal4 *ire'ti%n
6 6%ment
mpt 6ill Pressure Test
p Plasti'
R Ra*ial *ire'ti%n
R* Desi(n resistan'e Ci-e- in'lu*in( partial resistan'e +a't%rs4
s Steel
S SBS
S* Desi(n l%a* Ci-e- in'lu*in( l%a* e++e't +a't%rs4
spt System Pressure Test
8 8BS
P r%ss%)er Cbu'&le arrest%rs4
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.& !afety 0hilosophy - 0age 1%
SECT;ON 4
SAFETG 9H;OSO9HG
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is se'ti%n presents t/e %)erall sa+ety p/il%s%p/y t/at s/all be applie* in t/e '%n'ept *e)el%pment.
*esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n. %perati%n an* aban*%nment %+ pipelines-
A 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) T/is se'ti%n applies t% all submarine pipeline systems ,/i'/ are t% be built an* %perate* in a''%r*an'e
,it/ t/is stan*ar*-
4*4 T/e inte(rity %+ a submarine pipeline system s/all be ensure* t/r%u(/ all p/ases. +r%m initial '%n'ept
t/r%u(/ t% +inal *e-'%mmissi%nin(. see Fi(ure 1- T,% inte(rity sta(es are *e+ine*0
1 establis/ inte(rity in t/e '%n'ept *e)el%pment. *esi(n an* '%nstru'ti%n p/asesO an*
1 maintain inte(rity in t/e %perati%ns p/ase-
4*8 T/is se'ti%n als% pr%)i*es (ui*an'e +%r e:tensi%n %+ t/is stan*ar* in terms %+ ne, 'riteria. et'-
3. Sa+e%7 9hil!s!(h7 S%r'c%'re
3 )** General
)*) T/e inte(rity %+ t/e submarine pipeline system is ensure* t/r%u(/ a sa+ety p/il%s%p/y inte(ratin(
*i++erent parts as illustrate* in Fi(ure "-
)*4 T/e %)erall sa+ety prin'iples an* t/e arran(ement %+ sa+ety systems s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ DNV-
OS-A101 an* DNV-OS-E"01- See als% Se'-# D-
3 4** Sa+e%7 !6Aec%i-e
4*) An %)erall sa+ety %bGe'ti)e s/all be establis/e*. planne* an* implemente*. '%)erin( all p/ases +r%m
'%n'eptual *e)el%pment until aban*%nment-
G'i"ance n!%eF
6%st '%mpanies /a)e a p%li'y re(ar*in( /uman aspe'ts. en)ir%nment an* +inan'ial issues- T/ese are typi'ally %n an
%)erall le)el. but may be +%ll%,e* by m%re *etaile* %bGe'ti)es an* re2uirements in spe'i+i' areas- T/ese p%li'ies
s/%ul* be use* as a basis +%r *e+inin( t/e Sa+ety ObGe'ti)e +%r a spe'i+i' pipeline system- Typi'al statements may be0
- T/e impa't %n t/e en)ir%nment s/all be re*u'e* t% as +ar as reas%nably p%ssible-
- N% releases ,ill be a''epte* *urin( %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system-
- T/ere s/all be n% seri%us a''i*ents %r l%ss %+ li+e *urin( t/e '%nstru'ti%n peri%*-
- T/e pipeline installati%n s/all n%t. un*er any 'ir'umstan'es imp%se any t/reat t% +is/in( (ear-
- Di)erless installati%n an* maintenan'e-
Statements su'/ as t/%se ab%)e may /a)e impli'ati%ns +%r all %r in*i)i*ual p/ases %nly- T/ey are typi'ally m%re
rele)ant +%r t/e ,%r& e:e'uti%n Ci-e- /%, t/e %ntra't%r e:e'utes /is G%b4 an* spe'i+i' *esi(n s%luti%ns Ce-(- burial %r
n% burial4- Ha)in( *e+ine* t/e Sa+ety ObGe'ti)e. it 'an be a p%int %+ *is'ussi%n as t% ,/et/er t/is is bein(
a''%mplis/e* in t/e a'tual pr%Ge't- It is t/ere+%re re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e %)erall Sa+ety ObGe'ti)e be +%ll%,e* up by
m%re spe'i+i'. measurable re2uirements-
I+ n% p%li'y is a)ailable. %r i+ it is *i++i'ult t% *e+ine t/e sa+ety %bGe'ti)e. %ne '%ul* als% start ,it/ a ris& assessment-
T/e ris& assessment '%ul* i*enti+y all /aJar*s an* t/eir '%nse2uen'es. an* t/en enable ba'&-e:trap%lati%n t% *e+ine
a''eptan'e 'riteria an* areas t/at nee* t% be +%ll%,e* up m%re 'l%sely-
T/e stru'tural +ailure pr%bability is re+le'te* in t/e '/%i'e %+ t/ree sa+ety 'lasses Csee !;004- T/e '/%i'e %+ sa+ety 'lass
s/%ul* als% in'lu*e '%nsi*erati%n %+ t/e e:presse* sa+ety %bGe'ti)e-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.& !afety 0hilosophy - 0age 1$
Y in*i'ates Se'ti%n in t/is Stan*ar*-
Fig're )
;n%egri%7 ass'rance ac%i-i%ies "'ring %he (i(eline s7s%e$ (hases
Fig're 4
Sa+e%7 9hil!s!(h7 s%r'c%'re
3 8** S7s%e$a%ic re-ie1 !+ ris0s
8*) A systemati' re)ie, s/all be 'arrie* %ut at all p/ases t% i*enti+y an* e)aluate t/reats. t/e '%nse2uen'es
%+ sin(le +ailures an* series %+ +ailures in t/e pipeline system. su'/ t/at ne'essary reme*ial measures 'an be
ta&en- T/e e:tent %+ t/e re)ie, %r analysis s/all re+le't t/e 'riti'ality %+ t/e pipeline system. t/e 'riti'ality %+ a
planne* %perati%n. an* pre)i%us e:perien'e ,it/ similar systems %r %perati%ns- T/e un'ertainty in t/e applie*
ris& re)ie, m%*el itsel+ s/all als% be 2uali+ie*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
A met/%*%l%(y +%r su'/ a systemati' re)ie, is 2uantitati)e ris& analysis C5RA4- T/is may pr%)i*e an estimati%n %+
t/e %)erall ris& t% /uman /ealt/ an* sa+ety. en)ir%nment an* assets an* '%mprises0
- /aJar* i*enti+i'ati%n
- assessment %+ pr%babilities %+ +ailure e)ents
- a''i*ent *e)el%pments
- '%nse2uen'e an* ris& assessment-
T/e s'%pe %+ t/e systemati' re)ie, s/%ul* '%mprise t/e entire pipeline system. an* n%t Gust t/e submarine pipeline
system-
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%n'ept Desi(n
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.& !afety 0hilosophy - 0age 1&
It s/%ul* be n%te* t/at le(islati%n in s%me '%untries re2uires ris& analysis t% be per+%rme*. at least at an %)erall le)el
t% i*enti+y 'riti'al s'enari%s t/at mi(/t Ge%par*ise t/e sa+ety an* reliability %+ a pipeline system- Ot/er met/%*%l%(ies
+%r i*enti+i'ati%n %+ p%tential /aJar*s are Failure 6%*e an* E++e't Analysis CF6EA4 an* HaJar* an* Operability
stu*ies CHAUOP4-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*4 Spe'ial attenti%n s/all be (i)en t% se'ti%ns 'l%se t% installati%ns %r s/%re appr%a'/es ,/ere t/ere is
+re2uent /uman a'ti)ity an* t/us a (reater li&eli/%%* an* '%nse2uen'e %+ *ama(e t% t/e pipeline- T/is als%
in'lu*es areas ,/ere pipelines are installe* parallel t% e:istin( pipelines an* pipeline 'r%ssin(s-
3 4** Design cri%eria (rinci(les
4*) Sa+ety %+ t/e pipeline system is ensure* by use %+ a sa+ety 'lass met/%*%l%(y- T/e pipeline system is
'lassi+ie* int% %ne %r m%re sa+ety 'lasses base* %n +ailure '%nse2uen'es. n%rmally (i)en by t/e '%ntent an*
l%'ati%n- F%r ea'/ sa+ety 'lass. a set %+ partial sa+ety +a't%rs is assi(ne* t% ea'/ limit state-
3 #** E'ali%7 ass'rance
#*) T/e sa+ety +%rmat re2uires t/at (r%ss err%rs C/uman err%rs4 s/all be '%ntr%lle* by re2uirements +%r
%r(anisati%n %+ t/e ,%r&. '%mpeten'e %+ pers%ns per+%rmin( t/e ,%r&. )eri+i'ati%n %+ t/e *esi(n. an* 2uality
assuran'e *urin( all rele)ant p/ases-
#*4 It is assume* t/at t/e %perat%r %+ a pipeline system /as establis/e* a 2uality %bGe'ti)e- T/e %perat%r s/all.
in b%t/ internal an* e:ternal 2uality relate* aspe'ts. see& t% a'/ie)e t/e 2uality le)el %+ pr%*u'ts an* ser)i'es
inten*e* in t/e 2uality %bGe'ti)e- Furt/er. t/e %perat%r s/all pr%)i*e assuran'e t/at inten*e* 2uality is bein(.
%r ,ill be. a'/ie)e*-
#*8 D%'umente* 2uality systems s/all be applie* by %perat%rs an* %t/er parties Ce-(- *esi(n '%ntra't%rs.
manu+a'tures. +abri'at%rs an* installati%n '%ntra't%rs4 t% ensure t/at pr%*u'ts. pr%'esses an* ser)i'es ,ill be
in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements- E++e'ti)e implementati%n %+ 2uality systems s/all be *%'umente*-
#*4 Repeate* %''urren'e %+ n%n-'%n+%rmities re+le'tin( systemati' *e)iati%ns +r%m pr%'e*ures an*I%r
ina*e2uate ,%r&mans/ip s/all initiate0
1 in)esti(ati%n int% t/e 'auses %+ t/e n%n-'%n+%rmities
1 reassessment %+ t/e 2uality system
1 '%rre'ti)e a'ti%n t% establis/ p%ssible a''eptability %+ pr%*u'ts
1 pre)entati)e a'ti%n t% pre)ent re-%''urren'e %+ similar n%n-'%n+%rmities-
G'i"ance n!%eF
ISO H000 (i)e (ui*an'e %n t/e sele'ti%n an* use %+ 2uality systems-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*# 5uality sur)eillan'e in t/e '%nstru'ti%n p/ase s/all be per+%rme* by t/e %perat%r %r an inspe't%rate
n%minate* by t/e %perat%r- T/e e:tent %+ 2uality sur)eillan'e s/all be su++i'ient t% establis/ t/at spe'i+ie*
re2uirements are +ul+ille* an* t/at t/e inten*e* 2uality le)el is maintaine*-
#*5 T% ensure sa+ety *urin( %perati%ns p/ase. an inte(rity mana(ement system in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-11
s/all be establis/e* an* maintaine*-
3 5** Heal%h= sa+e%7 an" en-ir!n$en%
5*) T/e '%n'ept *e)el%pment. *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n. %perati%n an* aban*%nment %+ t/e pipeline system s/all
be '%n*u'te* in '%mplian'e ,it/ nati%nal le(islati%n an* '%mpany p%li'y ,it/ respe't t% /ealt/. sa+ety an*
en)ir%nmental aspe'ts-
5*4 T/e sele'ti%n %+ materials an* pr%'esses s/all be '%n*u'te* ,it/ *ue re(ar* t% t/e sa+ety %+ t/e publi'
an* empl%yees an* t% t/e pr%te'ti%n %+ t/e en)ir%nment-
C. Ris0 3asis +!r Design
C )** General
)*) T/e *esi(n +%rmat is base* up%n a limit state an* partial sa+ety +a't%r met/%*%l%(y. als% 'alle* B%a* an*
Resistan'e Fa't%r Desi(n +%rmat CBRFD4- T/e l%a* an* resistan'e +a't%rs *epen* %n t/e sa+ety 'lass. ,/i'/
'/ara'teriJes t/e '%nse2uen'es %+ +ailure-
C 4** Ca%eg!risa%i!n !+ +l'i"s
4*) Flui*s t% be transp%rte* by t/e pipeline system s/all be 'ate(%rise* a''%r*in( t% t/eir /aJar* p%tential as
(i)en by Table "-1-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.& !afety 0hilosophy - 0age 1'
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is re'%mmen*e* t% 'ate(%riJe O
"
pipelines as m%re se)ere by ate(%ry E unless l%n( %perati%nal e:perien'e e:ist
by t/e %perat%r %+ O
"
pipeline %+ similar '%mp%siti%n an* %perate* in similar manner- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r
pipelines '%n)eyin( O
"
is (i)en in DNV-RP-7"0"-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 3ases %r li2ui*s n%t spe'i+i'ally i*enti+ie* in Table "-1 s/%ul* be 'lassi+ie* in t/e 'ate(%ry '%ntainin(
+lui*s m%st similar in /aJar* p%tential t% t/%se 2u%te*- I+ t/e +lui* 'ate(%ry is n%t 'lear. t/e m%st /aJar*%us
'ate(%ry s/all be assume*-
C 8** !ca%i!n classes
8*) T/e pipeline system s/all be 'lassi+ie* int% l%'ati%n 'lasses as *e+ine* in Table "-"-
C 4** Sa+e%7 classes
4*) Pipeline *esi(n s/all be base* %n p%tential +ailure '%nse2uen'e- T/is is impli'it by t/e '%n'ept %+ sa+ety
'lass- T/e sa+ety 'lass may )ary +%r *i++erent p/ases an* l%'ati%ns- T/e sa+ety 'lasses are *e+ine* in Table "-#-
4*4 T/e partial sa+ety +a't%rs relate* t% t/e sa+ety 'lass are (i)en in Se'-= "00-
4*8 F%r n%rmal use. t/e sa+ety 'lasses in Table "-; apply0
Ta6le 4-) Classi+ica%i!n !+ +l'i"s
%ategory escription
A Typi'al n%n-+lammable ,ater-base* +lui*s-
! Flammable an*I%r t%:i' +lui*s ,/i'/ are li2ui*s at ambient temperature an* atm%sp/eri' pressure
'%n*iti%ns- Typi'al e:amples are %il an* petr%leum pr%*u'ts- 6et/an%l is an e:ample %+ a +lammable an*
t%:i' +lui*-
N%n-+lammable +lui*s ,/i'/ are n%n-t%:i' (ases at ambient temperature an* atm%sp/eri' pressure
'%n*iti%ns- Typi'al e:amples are nitr%(en. 'arb%n *i%:i*e. ar(%n an* air-
D N%n-t%:i'. sin(le-p/ase natural (as-
E Flammable an*I%r t%:i' +lui*s ,/i'/ are (ases at ambient temperature an* atm%sp/eri' pressure '%n*iti%ns
an* ,/i'/ are '%n)eye* as (ases an*I%r li2ui*s- Typi'al e:amples ,%ul* be /y*r%(en. natural (as Cn%t
%t/er,ise '%)ere* un*er 'ate(%ry D4. et/ane. et/ylene. li2ue+ie* petr%leum (as Csu'/ as pr%pane an*
butane4. natural (as li2ui*s. amm%nia. an* '/l%rine-
Ta6le 4-4 Classi+ica%i!n !+ l!ca%i!n
#ocation efinition
1 T/e area ,/ere n% +re2uent /uman a'ti)ity is anti'ipate* al%n( t/e pipeline r%ute-
" T/e part %+ t/e pipelineIriser in t/e near plat+%rm Cmanne*4 area %r in areas ,it/ +re2uent /uman a'ti)ity-
T/e e:tent %+ l%'ati%n 'lass " s/%ul* be base* %n appr%priate ris& analyses- I+ n% su'/ analyses are
per+%rme* a minimum /%riJ%ntal *istan'e %+ =00 m s/all be a*%pte*-
Ta6le 4-8 Classi+ica%i!n !+ sa+e%7 classes
Safety class efinition
B%, @/ere +ailure implies insi(ni+i'ant ris& %+ /uman inGury an* min%r en)ir%nmental an* e'%n%mi' '%nse2uen'es
6e*ium @/ere +ailure implies l%, ris& %+ /uman inGury. min%r en)ir%nmental p%lluti%n %r /i(/ e'%n%mi' %r
p%liti'al '%nse2uen'es-
Hi(/ lassi+i'ati%n +%r %peratin( '%n*iti%ns ,/ere +ailure implies ris& %+ /uman inGury. si(ni+i'ant
en)ir%nmental p%lluti%n %r )ery /i(/ e'%n%mi' %r p%liti'al '%nse2uen'es
Ta6le 4-4 N!r$al classi+ica%i!n !+ sa+e%7 classes
)/
Phase &luid %ategory )+ % &luid %ategory -+ and !
#ocation %lass #ocation %lass
1 " 1 "
Temp%rary
".#
B%, B%, - -
Operati%nal B%, 6e*ium
;
6e*ium Hi(/
14 Ot/er 'lassi+i'ati%ns may e:ist *epen*in( %n t/e '%n*iti%ns an* 'riti'ality %+ +ailure t/e pipeline- F%r pipelines ,/ere s%me
'%nse2uen'es are m%re se)ere t/an n%rmal. i-e- ,/en t/e table ab%)e *%es n%t apply. t/e sele'ti%n %+ a /i(/er sa+ety 'lass s/all
als% '%nsi*er t/e impli'ati%n. %n t/e t%tal (aine* sa+ety- I+ t/e t%tal sa+ety in'rease is mar(inal. t/e sele'ti%n %+ a /i(/er sa+ety
'lass may n%t be Gusti+ie*-
"4 Installati%n until pre-'%mmissi%nin( Ctemp%rary p/ase4 ,ill n%rmally be 'lassi+ie* as sa+ety 'lass B%,-
#4 F%r sa+ety 'lassi+i'ati%n %+ temp%rary p/ases a+ter '%mmissi%nin(. spe'ial '%nsi*erati%n s/all be ma*e t% t/e '%nse2uen'es %+
+ailure. i-e- (i)in( a /i(/er sa+ety 'lass t/an B%,-
;4 Risers *urin( n%rmal %perati%n ,ill n%rmally be 'lassi+ie* as sa+ety 'lass Hi(/-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.& !afety 0hilosophy - 0age 11
C #** Relia6ili%7 anal7sis
#*) As an alternati)e t% t/e spe'i+i' BRFD Can* ASD4 +%rmat. a re'%(nise* stru'tural reliability analysis
SRA4 base* *esi(n met/%* may be applie* pr%)i*e* t/at0
1 t/e met/%* '%mplies ,it/ DNV lassi+i'ati%n N%te n%- #0-> SStructural reliability analysis of marine
structuresT
1 t/e appr%a'/ is *em%nstrate* t% pr%)i*e a*e2uate sa+ety +%r +amiliar 'ases. as in*i'ate* by t/is stan*ar*-
Reliability base* limit state *esi(n s/all n%t be use* t% repla'e t/e sa+ety +a't%rs +%r pressure '%ntainment
'riteri%n in Se'-= ,it/ t/e e:'epti%n %+ a''i*ental pressure- A''i*ental limit states s/all be *esi(ne* base* %n
SRA in line ,it/ Se'-= D1000 ensurin( t/at t/e %)erall n%minal +ailure pr%bability '%mplies ,it/ t/e n%minal
+ailure pr%bability tar(et )alues in t/is sub-se'ti%n-
#*4 Suitably '%mpetent an* 2uali+ie* pers%nnel s/all per+%rm t/e stru'tural reliability analysis. an* e:tensi%n
int% ne, areas %+ appli'ati%n s/all be supp%rte* by te'/ni'al )eri+i'ati%n-
#*8 As +ar as p%ssible. n%minal tar(et +ailure pr%bability le)els s/all be 'alibrate* a(ainst i*enti'al %r similar
pipeline *esi(ns t/at are &n%,n t% /a)e a*e2uate sa+ety %n t/e basis %+ t/is stan*ar*- I+ t/is is n%t +easible. t/e
n%minal tar(et +ailure pr%bability le)el s/all be base* %n t/e +ailure type an* sa+ety 'lass as (i)en in Table "-=-
G'i"ance n!%eF
B%'al +a't%rs an* ass%'iate* '%nse2uen'es may be e-(- s/ippin( lanes-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Ta6le 4-# N!$inal ann'al %arge% +ail're (r!6a6ili%ies (er (i(eline -s. sa+e%7 classes
#/
#imit State
%ategory
#imit State
Safety %lasses
#ow $edium 1igh ;ery 1igh
>0
SBS All 10
-"
10
-#
10
-#
10
-;
8BS
Pressure %ntainment
14
10
-;
t% 10
-=
10
-=
t% 10
->
10
->
t% 10
-<
10
-<
t% 10
-F
ABS
8BS
All %t/er 10
-#
10
-;
10
-=
10
->
FBS
"4
ABS
#4
14 T/e +ailure pr%bability +%r t/e pressure '%ntainment C,all t/i'&ness *esi(n4 is %ne t% t,% %r*er %+ ma(nitu*es l%,er t/an t/e
(eneral 8BS 'riteri%n (i)en in t/e Table. in a''%r*an'e ,it/ in*ustry pra'ti'e an* re+le'te* by t/e ISO re2uirements-
"4 T/e +ailure pr%bability ,ill e++e'ti)ely be (%)erne* by t/e last year in %perati%n %r pri%r t% inspe'ti%n *epen*in( %n t/e a*%pte*
inspe'ti%n p/il%s%p/y-
#4 N%minal tar(et +ailure pr%babilities 'an alternati)ely be %ne %r*er %+ ma(nitu*e less Ce-(- 10
-;
per pipeline t% 10
-=
per &m4 +%r
any runnin( &m i+ t/e '%nse2uen'es are l%'al an* 'ause* by l%'al +a't%rs-
;4 See Appen*i: F Table F-"-
=4 T/e tar(et s/all be interpret as Spr%bability t/at a +ailure %''urs in t/e peri%* %+ %ne yearT-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.' (oncept and Design 0remise Development - 0age 12
SECT;ON 8
CONCE9T AND DES;GN 9REM;SE DEDEO9MENT
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is se'ti%n i*enti+ies an* pr%)i*es a basis +%r *e+initi%n %+ rele)ant +iel* *e)el%pment '/ara'teristi's-
Furt/er. &ey issues re2uire* +%r *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n. %perati%n. an* aban*%nment %+ t/e submarine pipeline
system are i*enti+ie*-
A 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) T/is se'ti%n applies t% submarine pipeline systems ,/i'/ are t% be built a''%r*in( t% t/is stan*ar*-
4*4 T/e *esi(n premises %utline* in t/is se'ti%n s/%ul* be *e)el%pe* *urin( t/e '%n'eptual p/ase an*
re)ie,e* an* up*ate* ,/en +%un* ne'essary-
A 8** S7s%e$a%ic re-ie1
8*) T/e %)erall re2uirement t% systemati' re)ie, in Se'-" s/all be re+le'te* in t/e '%n'ept e)aluati%n-
8*4 T/reats i*enti+ie* may typi'ally /a)e impa'ts %n '%st. s'/e*ule an* per+%rman'e. an* may in'lu*e0
1 S'%pe '/an(es C+l%, '/ara'teristi's. t/r%u(/puts. maturity %+ te'/ni'al s%luti%ns4
1 6ar&et +a't%rs an* pri'es Cmaterial. e2uipment. '%ntra't%rs4
1 Se)ere ,eat/er '%n*iti%ns C*elays t% marine %perati%ns *ue t% limitin( ,eat/er '%n*iti%ns4
1 %ntra't%r a)ailability an* per+%rman'e C'%st. '%nstru'ti%n *elays. 2uality4
1 Supply an* 2uality %+ material C*elays. per+%rman'e4
1 A)ailability an* '%st %+ +inan'in( C*elays. '%mmer'ial +easibility4
1 %nstru'tability Climite* a''ess +%r installati%n )essels. simultane%us %perati%ns ,it/ %t/er installati%n
a'ti)ities. )essel 'apa'ity an* *e'& spa'e4
1 N%)el te'/n%l%(y-
8*8 T/reat i*enti+i'ati%n +%r t/e S%'iety I Sa+ety rep%rt
1 En)ir%nmental impa't
1 Impa't %n %t/er in*ustries
1 Sa+ety %+ li+e-
8*4 T/reats i*enti+i'ati%n %n t/e pipeline may in'lu*e0
1 En)ir%nment
1 T/ir* party a'ti)ities
1 3e%-/aJar*s
1 Fl%, '%nstraints-
8*# Impa'ts %+ t/e i*enti+ie* t/reats %n %perati%n %+ t/e submarine pipeline system s/all be e)aluate*-
3. C!nce(% De-el!($en%
3 )** C!nce(% "e-el!($en%
)*) @/en sele'tin( t/e submarine pipeline system '%n'ept all aspe'ts relate* t% *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n.
%perati%n an* aban*%nment s/all be '%nsi*ere*- Due a''%unt s/%ul* be (i)en t% i*enti+i'ati%n %+ p%tential
aspe'ts ,/i'/ 'an st%p t/e '%n'ept +r%m bein( realise*0
1 l%n( lea* e++e'ts %+ early sta(e *e'isi%ns Ce-(- '/%i'e %+ material (ra*e may a++e't manu+a'turin( aspe'ts
%+ linepipe. '/%i'e %+ *iameter may (i)e restri'ti%ns t% installati%n met/%*s et'-4
1 li+e 'y'le e)aluati%ns Ce-(- maintenan'e a'ti)ities et'-4
1 installati%n aspe'ts +%r rem%te areas Ce-(- n%n-a)ailability %+ maG%r installati%n e2uipment %r ser)i'es an*
,eat/er issues4-
)*4 Data an* *es'ripti%n %+ +iel* *e)el%pment an* (eneral arran(ement %+ t/e pipeline system s/all be establis/e*-
)*8 T/e *ata an* *es'ripti%n s/%ul* in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in(. as appli'able0
1 sa+ety %bGe'ti)e
1 en)ir%nmental %bGe'ti)e
1 l%'ati%n. inlet an* %utlet '%n*iti%ns
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.' (oncept and Design 0remise Development - 0age 13
1 pipeline system *es'ripti%n ,it/ (eneral arran(ement an* battery limits
1 +un'ti%nal re2uirements in'lu*in( +iel* *e)el%pment restri'ti%ns. e-(-. sa+ety barriers an* subsea )al)es
1 installati%n. repair an* repla'ement %+ pipeline elements. )al)es. a'tuat%rs an* +ittin(s
1 pr%Ge't plans an* s'/e*ule. in'lu*in( planne* peri%* %+ t/e year +%r installati%n
1 *esi(n li+e in'lu*in( spe'i+i'ati%n +%r start %+ *esi(n li+e. e-(- +inal '%mmissi%nin(. installati%n et'-
1 *ata %+ pr%*u't t% be transp%rte* in'lu*in( p%ssible '/an(es *urin( t/e pipeline systemAs *esi(n li+e
1 transp%rt 'apa'ity an* +l%, assuran'e
1 pipeline sa+ety system re2uirements in'lu*in( pr%'ess system lay%ut an* in'i*ental t% *esi(n pressure rati%
e)aluati%ns
1 pipeline siJin( *ata
1 attenti%n t% p%ssible '%*e brea&s in t/e pipeline system
1 (e%metri'al restri'ti%ns su'/ as spe'i+i'ati%ns %+ '%nstant internal *iameter. re2uirement +%r +ittin(s.
)al)es. +lan(es an* t/e use %+ +le:ible pipe %r risers
1 rele)ant pi((in( s'enari%s Cinspe'ti%n an* 'leanin(4
1 pi((in( +lui*s t% be use* an* /an*lin( %+ pi((in( +lui*s in b%t/ en*s %+ pipeline in'lu*in( impa't %n
pr%'ess systems
1 pi((in( re2uirements su'/ as ben* ra*ius. pipe %)ality an* *istan'es bet,een )ari%us +ittin(s a++e'tin(
*esi(n +%r pi((in( appli'ati%ns
1 san* pr%*u'ti%n
1 se'%n* an* t/ir* party a'ti)ities
1 restri'te* a''ess +%r installati%n %r %t/er a'ti)ities *ue t% presen'e %+ i'e-
)*4 An e:e'uti%n plan s/%ul* be *e)el%pe*. in'lu*in( t/e +%ll%,in( t%pi's0
1 (eneral in+%rmati%n. in'lu*in( pr%Ge't %r(anisati%n. s'%pe %+ ,%r&. inter+a'es an* pr%Ge't *e)el%pment p/ases
1 '%nta'ts ,it/ Pur'/aser. aut/%rities. t/ir* party. en(ineerin(. )eri+i'ati%n an* '%nstru'ti%n %ntra't%rs
1 le(al aspe'ts. e-(- insuran'e. '%ntra'ts. area plannin(. re2uirements t% )essels-
)*# T/e *esi(n an* plannin( +%r t/e submarine pipeline system s/%ul* '%)er all *e)el%pment p/ases
in'lu*in( '%nstru'ti%n. %perati%n an* aban*%nment-
C. Design 9re$ise
C )** H7"ra'lic anal7ses an" +l!1 ass'rance
)*) Hy*rauli' analyses %+ t/e pipeline systems s/%ul* be per+%rme* t% *etermine t/e re2uire* *iameter an*
pressure t% meet t/e transp%rt 'apa'ity re2uirement-
)*4 A parameter sa+ety en)el%pe C-e-(- pressure. temperature. '%ntent '%mp%siti%n4 s/all be *etermine*- T/e
/y*rauli's %+ t/e pipeline system s/%ul* be analyse* t% *em%nstrate t/at t/e pipeline system 'an sa+ely
transp%rt t/e +lui*s ,it/in t/is parameter sa+ety en)el%pe- T/is s/all in'lu*e i*enti+i'ati%n %+ '%nstraints an*
re2uirements +%r its %perati%n- T/is analysis s/%ul* '%)er stea*y-state an* transient %peratin( '%n*iti%ns-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
E:amples %+ '%nstraints an* %perati%nal re2uirements are all%,an'es +%r pressure sur(es. pre)enti%n %+ bl%'&a(e su'/
as 'ause* by t/e +%rmati%n %+ /y*rates an* ,a: *ep%siti%n. measures t% pre)ent una''eptable pressure l%sses +r%m
/i(/er )is'%sities at l%,er %perati%n temperatures. measures +%r t/e '%ntr%l %+ li2ui* slu( )%lumes in multi-p/ase +lui*
transp%rt. +l%, re(ime +%r internal '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l er%si%nal )el%'ities an* a)%i*an'e %+ sla'& line %perati%ns- It
in'lu*es re2uirements t% insulati%n. ma:imum s/ut-*%,n times. re2uirements +%r /eatin( et'- as ,ell as *es'ripti%n
%+ pressure *esi(nin( 'ases Ce-(- preser)ati%n 'ases ,it/ met/an%l4 ,it/ ass%'iate* temperatures-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
T/e parameter sa+ety en)el%pe s/all als% in'lu*e minimum )alues i+ appli'able- E:amples %+ t/is may be minimum
re2uire* pressures +%r pipeline systems t/at n%t are *esi(ne* +%r t/e +ully e:ternal %)er pressure-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*8 T/e /y*rauli's %+ t/e pipeline system s/all be analyse* t% *em%nstrate t/at t/e Pipeline %ntr%l System
an* Pipeline Sa+ety System meet its re2uirement *urin( start-up. n%rmal %perati%n. s/ut-*%,n Ce-(- 'l%sin( %+
)al)es4 an* all +%reseen n%n-inten*e* s'enari%s- T/is s/all als% in'lu*e *eterminati%n %+ re2uire* in'i*ental t%
*esi(n pressure rati%-
)*4 T/e /y*rauli' analyses s/all be use* t% *etermine t/e '/ara'teristi' /i(/ *esi(n temperature pr%+ile
base* %n '%nser)ati)e insulati%n )alues re+le'tin( t/e )ariati%n in insulati%n pr%perties %+ '%atin(s an*
surr%un*in( sea,ater. s%il an* (ra)el-
)*# T/e /y*rauli' analyses s/all be use* t% *etermine t/e '/ara'teristi' l%, *esi(n temperature- !ene+it %+
spe'i+yin( l%, temperatures l%'ally *ue t% e-(- %penin( %+ )al)es is all%,e* an* s/all be *%'umente* e-(- by
/y*rauli' analyses-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.' (oncept and Design 0remise Development - 0age 14
C 4** En-ir!n$en%al c!n"i%i!n
4*) En)ir%nmental p/en%mena t/at mi(/t impair pr%per +un'ti%nin( %+ t/e system %r 'ause a re*u'ti%n %+
t/e reliability an* sa+ety %+ t/e system s/all be '%nsi*ere*. in'lu*in(0
1 ,in*
1 ti*e
1 ,a)es
1 internal ,a)es an* %t/er e++e'ts *ue t% *i++eren'es in ,ater *ensity
1 'urrent
1 i'e
1 eart/2ua&e
1 s%il '%n*iti%ns
1 temperature
1 marine (r%,t/ C+%ulin(4-
4*4 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r prin'iples an* met/%*%l%(ies +%r establis/in( en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns an*
l%a*s is (i)en in DNV-RP-"0=-
C 8** C!llec%i!n !+ en-ir!n$en%al "a%a
8*) T/e en)ir%nmental *ata s/all be representati)e +%r t/e (e%(rap/i'al areas in ,/i'/ t/e pipeline system
is t% be installe*- I+ su++i'ient *ata are n%t a)ailable +%r t/e (e%(rap/i'al l%'ati%n in 2uesti%n. '%nser)ati)e
estimates base* %n *ata +r%m %t/er rele)ant l%'ati%ns may be use*-
8*4 Statisti'al *ata s/all be utilise* t% *es'ribe en)ir%nmental parameters %+ a ran*%m nature Ce-(- ,in*.
,a)es4- T/e parameters s/all be *eri)e* in a statisti'ally )ali* manner usin( re'%(nise* met/%*s-
8*8 F%r t/e assessment %+ en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns al%n( t/e pipeline r%ute. t/e pipeline may be *i)i*e* int%
a number %+ se'ti%ns. ea'/ %+ ,/i'/ is '/ara'terise* by a (i)en ,ater *ept/. b%tt%m t%p%(rap/y an* %t/er
+a't%rs a++e'tin( t/e en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns-
8*4 T/e en)ir%nmental *ata t% be use* in t/e *esi(n %+ t/e submarine pipeline system ,/i'/ is '%nne'te* t%
an %++s/%re stru'ture %r r%ute* near an %++s/%re stru'ture are in prin'iple t/e same as t/e en)ir%nmental *ata
use* in t/e *esi(n %+ t/e %++s/%re stru'ture-
C 4** En-ir!n$en%al "a%a
4*) T/e estimate* ma:imum ti*e s/all in'lu*e b%t/ astr%n%mi' ti*e an* st%rm sur(e- 6inimum ti*e
estimates s/%ul* be base* up%n t/e astr%n%mi' ti*e an* p%ssible ne(ati)e st%rm sur(e-
4*4 All rele)ant s%ur'es t% 'urrent s/all be '%nsi*ere*- T/is may in'lu*e ti*al 'urrent. ,in* in*u'e* 'urrent.
st%rm sur(e 'urrent. *ensity in*u'e* 'urrent %r %t/er p%ssible p/en%mena- F%r near-s/%re re(i%ns. l%n(-s/%re
'urrent *ue t% ,a)e brea&in( s/all be '%nsi*ere*- Variati%ns in ma(nitu*e ,it/ respe't t% *ire'ti%n an* ,ater
*ept/ s/all be '%nsi*ere* ,/en rele)ant-
4*8 In areas ,/ere i'e may *e)el%p %r ,/ere i'e ber(s may pass %r ,/ere t/e s%il may +reeJe su++i'ient
statisti's s/all be establis/e* in %r*er t% enable 'al'ulati%ns %+ rele)ant l%a*s-
4*4 Air an* sea temperature statisti's s/all be pr%)i*e* (i)in( representati)e /i(/ an* l%, *esi(n )alues-
4*# 6arine (r%,t/ %n pipeline systems s/all be '%nsi*ere*. ta&in( int% a''%unt b%t/ bi%l%(i'al an* %t/er
en)ir%nmental p/en%mena rele)ant +%r t/e l%'ati%n-
C #** 9i(eline r!'%e
#*) T/e pipeline r%ute s/all be sele'te* ,it/ *ue re(ar* t% sa+ety %+ t/e publi' an* pers%nnel. pr%te'ti%n %+
t/e en)ir%nment. an* t/e pr%bability %+ *ama(e t% t/e pipe %r %t/er +a'ilities- A(reement ,it/ rele)ant parties
s/%ul* be s%u(/t as early as p%ssible- Fa't%rs t% ta&e int% '%nsi*erati%n s/all. at minimum. in'lu*e t/e
+%ll%,in(0
!nvironment
1 ar'/ae%l%(i'al sites
1 e:p%sure t% en)ir%nmental *ama(e
1 areas %+ natural '%nser)ati%n interest su'/ as %yster be*s an* '%ral ree+s
1 marine par&s
1 turbi*ity +l%,s-
Seabed characteristics
1 une)en seabe*
1 unstable seabe*
1 s%il pr%perties C/ar* sp%ts. s%+t se*iment an* se*iment transp%rt4
1 subsi*en'e
1 seismi' a'ti)ity-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.' (oncept and Design 0remise Development - 0age 15
&acilities
1 %++s/%re installati%ns
1 subsea stru'tures an* ,ell /ea*s
1 e:istin( pipelines an* 'ables
1 %bstru'ti%ns
1 '%astal pr%te'ti%n ,%r&s-
Third party activities
1 s/ip tra++i'
1 +is/in( a'ti)ity
1 *umpin( areas +%r ,aste. ammuniti%n. et'-
1 minin( a'ti)ities
1 military e:er'ise areas-
#andfall
1 l%'al '%nstraints
1 #r* party re2uirements
1 en)ir%nmental sensiti)e areas
1 )i'inity t% pe%ple
1 limite* '%nstru'ti%n peri%*-
#*4 E:pe'te* +uture marine %perati%ns an* anti'ipate* *e)el%pments in t/e )i'inity %+ t/e pipeline s/all be
'%nsi*ere* ,/en sele'tin( t/e pipeline r%ute-
#*8 In-line assemblies s/%ul* n%t be l%'ate* %n t/e 'ur)e* r%ute se'ti%ns %+ t/e pipeline-
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is pre+erre* t% /a)e a sa(ben* len(t/ %+ strai(/t se'ti%n a+ter a 'ur)e be+%re t/e in-line assembly be'ause %+ p%tential
r%tati%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*4 Pipeline en*s s/%ul* be *esi(ne* ,it/ a reas%nable strai(/t len(t/ a/ea* %+ t/e tar(et b%:es- ur)atures
near pipeline en*s s/%ul* be *esi(ne* ,it/ *ue re(ar* t% en* terminati%ns. lay met/%*. lay *ire'ti%n an*
e:istin(Iplanne* in+rastru'ture-
C 5** R!'%e s'r-e7
5*) Sur)eys s/all be 'arrie* %ut al%n( t/e t%tal len(t/ %+ t/e planne* pipeline r%ute t% pr%)i*e su++i'ient *ata
+%r *esi(n an* '%nstru'ti%n relate* a'ti)ities-
5*4 T/e sur)ey '%rri*%r s/all /a)e su++i'ient ,i*t/ t% *e+ine an installati%n an* pipeline '%rri*%r ,/i'/ ,ill
ensure sa+e installati%n an* %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline-
5*8 T/e re2uire* sur)ey a''ura'y may )ary al%n( t/e pr%p%se* r%ute- Obstru'ti%ns. /i(/ly )arie* seabe*
t%p%(rap/y. %r unusually %r /aJar*%us sub-sur+a'e '%n*iti%ns may *i'tate m%re *etaile* in)esti(ati%ns- T/e
sur)ey a''ura'y s/all be su++i'ient +%r per+%rmin( t/e *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n an* %perati%n a'ti)ities in a sa+e
manner-
5*4 In)esti(ati%ns t% i*enti+y p%ssible '%n+li'ts ,it/ e:istin( an* planne* installati%ns an* p%ssible ,re'&s
an* %bstru'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme*- E:amples %+ su'/ installati%ns in'lu*e %t/er submarine pipelines. an*
p%,er an* '%mmuni'ati%n 'ables-
5*# T/e results %+ sur)eys s/all be presente* %n a''urate r%ute maps an* ali(nments. s'ale '%mmensurate
,it/ re2uire* use- B%'ati%n %+ t/e pipeline. relate* +a'ilities t%(et/er ,it/ seabe* pr%perties. an%malies an* all
rele)ant pipeline attributes s/all be s/%,n- Re+eren'e sea,ater ele)ati%n s/all be *e+ine*-
5*5 A**iti%nal r%ute sur)eys may be re2uire* at lan*+alls t% *etermine0
1 seabe* (e%l%(y an* t%p%(rap/y spe'i+i' t% lan*+all an* '%stal en)ir%nment
1 en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns 'ause* by a*Ga'ent '%astal +eatures
1 l%'ati%n %+ t/e lan*+all t% +a'ilitate installati%n
1 +a'ilitate pre %r p%st installati%n seabe* inter)enti%n ,%r&s spe'i+i' t% lan*+all. su'/ as tren'/in(
1 l%'ati%n t% minimise en)ir%nmental impa't-
5*& All t%p%(rap/i'al +eatures ,/i'/ may in+luen'e t/e stability an* installati%n %r in+luen'e seabe*
inter)enti%n %+ t/e pipeline s/all be '%)ere* by t/e r%ute sur)ey. in'lu*in(0
1 %bstru'ti%ns in t/e +%rm %+ r%'& %ut'r%ps. lar(e b%ul*ers. p%'& mar&s. et'-. t/at '%ul* ne'essitate reme*ial.
le)ellin( %r rem%)al %perati%ns t% be 'arrie* %ut pri%r t% pipeline installati%n
1 t%p%(rap/i'al +eatures t/at '%ntain p%tentially unstable sl%pes. san* ,a)es. p%'& mar&s %r si(ni+i'ant
*epressi%ns. )alley %r '/annellin( an* er%si%n in t/e +%rm %+ s'%ur patterns %r material *ep%sits-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.' (oncept and Design 0remise Development - 0age 16
5*2 Areas ,/ere t/ere is e)i*en'e %+ in'rease* (e%l%(i'al a'ti)ity %r si(ni+i'ant /ist%ri' e)ents t/at i+ re-
%''urrin( a(ain may impa't t/e pipeline. a**iti%nal (e%/aJar* stu*ies s/%ul* be per+%rme*- Su'/ stu*ies may
in'lu*e0
1 e:ten*e* (e%p/ysi'al sur)ey
1 mu* )%l'an%es %r p%'&mar& a'ti)ity
1 seismi' /aJar*
1 seismi' +ault *ispla'ements
1 p%ssibility %+ s%il sl%pe +ailure
1 mu*+l%, '/ara'teristi's
1 mu*+l%, impa't %n pipelines-
C &** Sea6e" (r!(er%ies
&*) 3e%te'/ni'al '/ara'teristi's ne'essary +%r e)aluatin( t/e e++e'ts %+ rele)ant l%a*in( '%n*iti%ns s/all be
*etermine* +%r t/e seabe* *ep%sits. in'lu*in( p%ssible unstable *ep%sits in t/e )i'inity %+ t/e pipeline- F%r
(ui*an'e %n s%il in)esti(ati%n +%r pipelines. re+eren'e is ma*e t% lassi+i'ati%n N%te N%- #0-; SF%un*ati%nsT-
&*4 3e%te'/ni'al pr%perties may be %btaine* +r%m (enerally a)ailable (e%l%(i'al in+%rmati%n. results +r%m
seismi' sur)eys. seabe* t%p%(rap/i'al sur)eys. an* (e%te'/ni'al in-situ tests an* lab%rat%ry tests %n sample*
s%il- Supplementary in+%rmati%n may be %btaine* +r%m )isual sur)eys %r spe'ial tests. as e-(- pipe penetrati%n
tests-
&*8 S%il parameters %+ main imp%rtan'e +%r t/e pipeline resp%nse are0
1 s/ear stren(t/ parameters Cinta't an* rem%ul*e* un*raine* s/ear stren(t/ +%r 'lay. an* an(le %+ +ri'ti%n +%r
san*s4O an*
1 rele)ant *e+%rmati%n '/ara'teristi's-
T/ese parameters s/%ul* pre+erably be *etermine* +r%m a*e2uate lab%rat%ry tests %r +r%m interpretati%n %+ in-
situ tests- In a**iti%n. 'lassi+i'ati%n an* in*e: tests s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere*. su'/ as0
1 unit ,ei(/t
1 ,ater '%ntent
1 li2ui* an* plasti' limit
1 (rain siJe *istributi%n
1 'arb%nate '%ntent
1 %t/er rele)ant tests-
&*4 It is primarily t/e '/ara'teristi's %+ t/e upper layer %+ s%il t/at *etermine t/e resp%nse %+ t/e pipeline
restin( %n t/e seabe*- T/e *eterminati%n %+ s%il parameters +%r t/ese )ery s/all%, s%ils may be relati)ely m%re
un'ertain t/an +%r *eeper s%ils- Als% t/e )ariati%ns %+ t/e t%p s%il bet,een s%il testin( l%'ati%ns an* bet,een
teste* l%'ati%ns an* n%n-teste* l%'ati%ns a** t% t/e un'ertainty- S%il parameters use* in t/e *esi(n may
t/ere+%re nee* t% be *e+ine* ,it/ upper b%un*. best estimate an* l%,er b%un* limits )ali* ,it/in *e+ine* areas
%r se'ti%ns %+ t/e r%ute- T/e '/ara'teristi' )alueCs4 %+ t/e s%il parameterCs4 use* in t/e *esi(n s/all be in line
,it/ t/e sele'te* *esi(n p/il%s%p/y a''%untin( +%r t/ese un'ertainties-
G'i"ance n!%eF
F%r *eep ,ater areas t/e upper layer may be slurry ,it/ a )ery small stren(t/- In t/ese 'ases emp/asiJe s/%ul* als%
be ma*e t% t/e s%il layer un*erneat/-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
&*# Sin'e t/e *istan'e bet,een s%il in)esti(ati%ns is %+ten mu'/ lar(er t/an t/e len(t/ %+ pipe in)%l)e* in a
parti'ular *esi(n situati%n. %ne ,ill in su'/ 'ir'umstan'es /a)e t% assume t/at t/e s%il '/ara'teristi's +%r t/e
*esi(ns situati%n is t/e ,%rst %+ /i(/ an* l%, estimates %btaine* +r%m rele)ant a)ailable s%il in)esti(ati%n *ata
relate* t% t/e entire r%ute %r t% a *e+ine* se'ti%n %+ t/e r%ute-
&*5 In areas ,/ere t/e seabe* material may be subGe'te* t% er%si%n. spe'ial stu*ies %+ t/e 'urrent an* ,a)e
'%n*iti%ns near t/e b%tt%m in'lu*in( b%un*ary layer e++e'ts may be re2uire* +%r t/e %n-b%tt%m stability
'al'ulati%ns %+ pipelines an* t/e assessment %+ pipeline spans-
&*& A**iti%nal in)esti(ati%n %+ t/e seabe* material may be re2uire* t% e)aluate spe'i+i' s'enari%s. as +%r
e:ample0
1 '/allen(es ,it/ respe't t% e:'a)ati%n an* burial %perati%ns
1 pr%bability %+ +%rmin( +rees-pans 'ause* by s'%urin( *urin( %perati%nal p/ase
1 '/allen(es ,it/ respe't t% pipeline 'r%ssin(
1 '/allen(es ,it/ t/e settlement %+ pipeline system an*I%r t/e pr%te'ti%n stru'ture at t/e )al)eItee l%'ati%ns
1 p%ssibilities %+ mu* sli*es %r li2ue+a'ti%n as t/e result %+ repeate* l%a*in(
1 impli'ati%ns +%r e:ternal '%rr%si%n-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.' (oncept and Design 0remise Development - 0age 2%
D. S7s%e$ Design 9rinci(les
D )** S7s%e$ in%egri%7
)*) T/e pipeline system s/all be *esi(ne*. '%nstru'te* an* %perate* in su'/ a manner t/at0
1 t/e spe'i+ie* transp%rt 'apa'ity is +ul+ille* an* t/e +l%, assure*
1 t/e *e+ine* sa+ety %bGe'ti)e is +ul+ille* an* t/e resistan'e a(ainst l%a*s *urin( planne* %perati%nal
'%n*iti%ns is su++i'ient
1 t/e sa+ety mar(in a(ainst a''i*ental l%a*s %r unplanne* %perati%nal '%n*iti%ns is su++i'ient-
1 system lay%ut. in'lu*in( nee*s +%r *i++erent )al)es et'-. meets t/e re2uirements imp%se* by t/e systemati'
re)ie, %+ t/e pr%'ess '%ntr%l-
)*4 Pipelines in -6n steel +%r p%tentially '%rr%si)e +lui*s %+ 'ate(%ries !. D an* E Csee Se'-" 4 s/%ul* be
*esi(ne* +%r inspe'ti%n pi((in(- In 'ases ,/ere t/e pipeline *esi(n *%es n%t all%, inspe'ti%n pi((in(. an
analysis s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a''%r*an'e ,it/ re'%(nise* pr%'e*ures t% *%'ument t/at t/e ris& %+ +ailure
lea*in( t% a lea& is a''eptable- F%r '%rr%si)e +lui*s %+ %t/er 'ate(%ries t/e bene+it %+ inspe'ti%n pi((in( %n
%perati%nal reliability s/all be e)aluate*-
)*8 T/e nee* +%r in-line 'leanin( an*I%r inspe'ti%n. in)%l)in( t/e presen'e %+ appr%priate pi( laun'/er I
re'ei)er s/%ul* be *etermine* in t/e *esi(n p/ase-
)*4 T/e p%ssibility %+ '/an(es in t/e type %r '%mp%siti%n %+ +lui* t% be transp%rte* *urin( t/e li+etime %+ t/e
pipeline system s/all be assesse* in t/e *esi(n p/ase-
)*# Any re-2uali+i'ati%n *eeme* ne'essary *ue t% '/an(es in t/e *esi(n '%n*iti%ns s/all ta&e pla'e in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ pr%)isi%ns set %ut in Se'-11-
D 4** 9i(eline c!n%r!l an" sa+e%7 s7s%e$
4*) T/e in'i*ental pressure is *e+ine* as /a)in( an annual pr%bability %+ e:'ee*an'e less t/an 10
-"
Ca
pr%bability %+ bein( e:'ee*e* ,it/in a year4- I+ t/e pressure pr%bability *ensity +un'ti%n *%es n%t /a)e a
m%n%t%ni' *e'ay bey%n* 10
-"
t/e pressure e:'ee*in( t/e in'i*ental pressure s/all be '/e'&e* as a''i*ental
l%a*s in '%mplian'e ,it/ Se'-= D1000-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
E:amples %+ pressure pr%bability *ensity *istributi%ns are (i)en in Fi(ure 1- An e:ample %+ a pipeline system ,it/ a
t,% pea& *istributi%n may be a pipeline system pr%te'te* by a HIPP system-
Fig're )
9ress're "is%ri6'%i!n +'nc%i!n 1i%h %1! (ea0 "is%ri6'%i!n
T/e 100-year )alue. t/e in'i*ental pressure Csee mar& in Fi(ure 14. ,ill be use* +%r n%rmal *esi(n +%r b%t/ t,% pea&
*istributi%ns an* sin(le pea& *istributi%ns- F%r t,% pea& *istributi%ns t/e se'%n* pea& pressure s/all als% be '/e'&e*
+%r a''i*ental limit state in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-= D1000 Csee pressure %+ 1"00 in Fi(ure 14-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
@/en t/e submarine pipeline system is '%nne'te* t% an%t/er system ,it/ *i++erent pressure *e+initi%n t/e pressure
)alues may be *i++erent in %r*er t% '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/is sub-se'ti%n. i-e- t/e *esi(n pressure may be
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.' (oncept and Design 0remise Development - 0age 2$
*i++erent in t,% '%nne'te* systems- T/e '%n)ersi%n bet,een t/e t,% system *e+initi%ns ,ill %+ten t/en be base* %n
t/at t/e in'i*ental pressures are e2ual-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e submarine pipeline system s/all /a)e a spe'i+ie* in'i*ental pressure %r be split int% *i++erent se'ti%ns
,it/ *i++erent spe'i+ie* in'i*ental pressures- T/ese s/%ul* all be *e+ine* at a *e+ine* re+eren'e ele)ati%n-
4*8 T% +ul+il t/e re2uirements in "01 an* "0" a Pipeline %ntr%l an* Sa+ety System may be re2uire*- T/is
'%mprises t/e Pipeline %ntr%l System CPS4 an* Pipeline Sa+ety System CPSS4-
G'i"ance n!%eF
An e:ample %+ situati%ns ,/ere a Pipeline %ntr%l an* Sa+ety System may n%t be re2uire* is i+ +ull s/ut-in pressure
in'lu*in( *ynami' e++e'ts. is use* as in'i*ental pressure-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e purp%se %+ t/e Pipeline %ntr%l System is t% maintain t/e %peratin( parameters ,it/in %peratin(
en)el%pe *urin( n%rmal %perati%n e-(- t% ensure t/at t/e l%'al *esi(n pressure is n%t e:'ee*e* at any p%int in
t/e submarine pipeline system- T/e Pipeline %ntr%l System s/%ul* %perate aut%mati'ally- Due a''%unt s/all
be (i)en t% t/e t%leran'es %+ t/e pipeline '%ntr%l system an* its ass%'iate* instrumentati%n. see Fi(ure 1 in
Se'-1- Hen'e. t/e ma:imum all%,able %peratin( pressure C6AOP4 is e2ual t% t/e *esi(n pressure minus t/e
Pipeline %ntr%l System %peratin( t%leran'e-
4*# T/e Pipeline %ntr%l System '%ul* be in'lu*e* as a ris& re*u'in( measure pr%)i*e* t/at t/is system is
in*epen*ent %+ PSS an* +urt/er '%mplies ,it/ t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 T/e Pipeline %ntr%l System is n%t in'lu*e* as a part %+ t/e *eman* rate *e+ine* +%r t/e PSS
1 Failure %+ an aut%mati' pipeline '%ntr%l system s/all n%t a++e't t/e alarm system nee*e* +%r /uman
inter)enti%n-
1 T/e ris& re*u'ti%n +a't%r ta&en s/all be smaller t/an 10 unless t/e PS is built in a''%r*an'e ,it/ sa+ety
system stan*ar*s. e-(-. IE>1=11- T/e assessment %+ ris& re*u'ti%n +a't%r an* e)i*en'e t% supp%rt t/e
assessment s/all be ma*e a''%r*in( t% t/e re2uirements in IE>1=11-
1 Ris& re*u'ti%n +r%m /uman inter)enti%n. in a**iti%n t% PS. assumes t/at a'ti%ns are base* up%n
in+%rmati%n +r%m systems in*epen*ent %+ PS an* PSS- T/e t%tal ris& re*u'ti%n +a't%r resultin( +r%m
Human Inter)enti%n an* t/e PS s/all be less t/an 100-
4*5 T/e purp%se %+ t/e Pipeline Sa+ety System is t% pr%te't t/e submarine pipeline system by limitin( t/e
%peratin( parameters ,it/in t/e parameter sa+ety en)el%pe *urin( in'i*ental %perati%n. e-(- t% ensure t/at t/e
l%'al in'i*ental pressure is n%t e:'ee*e* at any p%int in t/e pipeline system in t/e e)ent %+ +ailure %+ t/e pipeline
'%ntr%l system- T/e Pipeline Sa+ety System s/all %perate aut%mati'ally- Due a''%unt s/all be (i)en t% t/e
t%leran'es %+ t/e pipeline sa+ety system- Hen'e. t/e ma:imum all%,able in'i*ental pressure is e2ual t% t/e
in'i*ental pressure minus t/e pipeline sa+ety system %peratin( t%leran'e-
4*& T/e Pipeline %ntr%l System is a basi' pr%'ess '%ntr%l system as *e+ine* by IE >1=11- T/e Pipeline
Sa+ety s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ IE >1=11- Pipeline Sa+ety Systems re2uire* ,it/ a pr%bability
%+ +ailure %n *eman* %+ less t/an 10
-#
s/all '%nsist %+ t,% in*epen*ent systems-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e re2uirements +%r t/e le)el %+ ris& re*u'ti%n t% be pr%)i*e* by t/e pipeline sa+ety system. t/e SIB Be)el s/all be
*eri)e* a''%r*in( t% t/e re2uirements %+ Se'-= D1000 an* n%t +r%m a ris& assessment- Se'-1# E>00 pr%)i*es +urt/er
(ui*an'e-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*2 T/e Pipeline Sa+ety System may '%nsist %+ pressure relie+ *e)i'es CISO ;1">4 an*I%r sa+ety instrumente*
systems. see IE >1=11- Pressure relie+ )al)es are '%nsi*ere* +ul+illin( re2uirements t% t/e Pipeline Sa+ety
System i+ t/ese are *esi(ne* an* maintaine* t% relie)e t/e re2uire* *is'/ar(e 'apa'ity at a pressure n%t
e:'ee*in( t/e ma:imum all%,able in'i*ental pressure-
4*: A *esi(n pressure may be *e+ine* +%r ea'/ in'i*ental pressure- T/e in'i*ental t% *esi(n pressure rati%
s/all be sele'te* su'/ t/at t/e Pipeline %ntr%l an* Sa+ety System meet t/e re2uirements in "01 an* "0"-
Typi'al an* minimum in'i*ental t% *esi(n rati%s are (i)en in Table #-1- @/en *esi(n pressure is use* +%r
stru'tural *esi(n purp%se. t/is s/all be minimum H1L %+ t/e in'i*ental pressure-
Ta6le 8-) ;nci"en%al %! "esign (ress're ra%i!s
%n*iti%n %r pipeline system
in'
Typi'al pipeline system 1-10
6inimum. e:'ept +%r bel%, 1-0=
@/en *esi(n pressure is e2ual t% +ull s/ut-in
pressure in'lu*in( *ynami' e++e'ts
1-00
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.' (oncept and Design 0remise Development - 0age 2&
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/is stan*ar* use in'i*ental pressure in all limit states- Ot/er re+eren'e* '%*es Ce-(- +%r '%mp%nents4 may use *esi(n
pressure instea*- F%r su'/ appli'ati%ns. t/e *esi(n pressure s/all be t/e /i(/er %+ p
li
I
in'
an* 0-H1Z p
li
- F%r pipeline
systems '%n)eyin( li2ui*s parti'ular attenti%n s/all be (i)en t% *ynami' e++e'ts an* pump '/ara'teristi's ,/en
*eterminin( t/e in'i*ental pressure-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
D 8** E,%ernal c!rr!si!n c!n%r!l
8*) F%r t/e sele'ti%n an* *etaile* *esi(n %+ e:ternal '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l. t/e +%ll%,in( '%n*iti%ns relatin( t%
t/e en)ir%nment s/all be *e+ine*. in a**iti%n t% t/%se menti%ne* in "010
1 e:p%sure '%n*iti%ns. e-(- burial. r%'& *umpin(. et'-
1 sea ,ater an* se*iment resisti)ity-
8*4 Ot/er '%n*iti%ns a++e'tin( e:ternal '%rr%si%n ,/i'/ s/all be *e+ine* are0
1 temperature pr%+iles Ce-(- a)era(e. '/ara'teristi' /i(/ *esi(n4 al%n( t/e pipeline an* t/r%u(/ t/e pipe ,all
t/i'&ness
1 pipeline +abri'ati%n an* installati%n pr%'e*ures
1 re2uirements +%r me'/ani'al pr%te'ti%n. submer(e* ,ei(/t an* t/ermal insulati%n *urin( %perati%n
1 *esi(n li+e
1 sele'te* '%atin( an* 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n system-
8*8 Spe'ial attenti%n s/%ul* be (i)en t% t/e lan*+all se'ti%n Ci+ any4 an* intera'ti%n ,it/ rele)ant 'at/%*i'
pr%te'ti%n system +%r %ns/%re )s- %++s/%re pipeline se'ti%ns-
8*4 T/e impa't %n t/e e:ternal pipe '%n*iti%n %+ t/e t/ir* party a'ti)ities as menti%ne* in =01 s/%ul* be
'%nsi*ere*-
D 4** ;n%ernal c!ns%r'c%i!n c!n"i%i!ns
4*) A *es'ripti%n %+ t/e internal pipe '%n*iti%ns *urin( '%nstru'ti%n p/ase s/all be prepare* Ct/is in'lu*es
st%ra(e. '%nstru'ti%n. installati%n. pressure testin( an* '%mmissi%nin(4- T/e *urati%n %+ e:p%sure t% sea ,ater
%r /umi* air. an* t/e nee* +%r usin( in/ibit%rs %r %t/er measures t% '%ntr%l '%rr%si%n s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
D #** ;n%ernal c!rr!si!n c!n%r!l
#*) In %r*er t% assess t/e nee* +%r internal '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l. in'lu*in( '%rr%si%n all%,an'e an* pr%)isi%n
+%r inspe'ti%n an* m%nit%rin(. t/e +%ll%,in( '%n*iti%ns s/all be *e+ine*0
1 %peratin( temperatureIpressure pr%+iles al%n( t/e pipeline in'lu*in( e:pe'te* )ariati%ns *urin( t/e *esi(n li+e
1 +l%, )el%'ity an* +l%, re(ime
1 +lui* '%mp%siti%n Cinitial an* anti'ipate* )ariati%ns *urin( t/e *esi(n li+e4 ,it/ emp/asis %n p%tentially
'%rr%si)e '%mp%nents Ce-(- /y*r%(en sulp/i*e. 'arb%n *i%:i*e. ,ater '%ntent an* e:pe'te* '%ntent %+
*iss%l)e* salts in pr%*u'e* +lui*s. resi*ual %:y(en an* a'ti)e '/l%rine in sea ,ater4
1 '/emi'al a**iti%ns an* pr%)isi%ns +%r peri%*i' 'leanin(
1 pr%)isi%n +%r inspe'ti%n %+ '%rr%si%n *ama(e an* e:pe'te* 'apabilities %+ inspe'ti%n t%%ls Ci-e- *ete'ti%n
limits an* siJin( 'apabilities +%r rele)ant +%rms %+ '%rr%si%n *ama(e4
1 t/e p%ssibility %+ er%si%n by any s%li* parti'les in t/e +lui* s/all be '%nsi*ere*- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r
er%si)e ,ear in pipin( systems is (i)en in DNV-RP-O=01-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.1 Design " 7oads - 0age 2'
SECT;ON 4
DES;GN - OADS
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is se'ti%n *e+ines t/e l%a*s t% be '/e'&e* by t/e limit states in Se'-=- T/is in'lu*es0
1 l%a* s'enari%s
1 'ate(%risati%n %+ l%a*s
1 *esi(n l%a* e++e'ts
1 '/ara'teristi' l%a*
1 l%a* e++e't +a't%r '%mbinati%ns
1 l%a* e++e't 'al'ulati%ns-
A 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) T/is se'ti%n applies t% all parts %+ t/e submarine pipeline system-
A 8** S7s%e$a%ic re-ie1
8*) T/e %)erall re2uirement t% systemati' re)ie, in Se'-" ,ill +%r t/is se'ti%n imply a re)ie, %+ l%a*s base*
%n t/eir un'ertainty an* imp%rtan'e +%r t/e *i++erent limit states-
A 4** !a" scenari!s
4*) All l%a*s an* +%r'e* *ispla'ements ,/i'/ may in+luen'e t/e pipeline s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt- F%r
ea'/ 'r%ss se'ti%n %r part %+ t/e system t% be '%nsi*ere* an* +%r ea'/ p%ssible m%*e %+ +ailure t% be analyse*.
all rele)ant '%mbinati%ns %+ l%a*s ,/i'/ may a't simultane%usly s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
4*4 T/e m%st un+a)%urable l%a* s'enari% +%r all rele)ant p/ases an* '%n*iti%ns s/all be '%nsi*ere*- Typi'al
s'enari%s t% be '%)ere* in t/e *esi(n are0
1 transp%rtati%n
1 installati%n
1 as lai*
1 ,ater +ille*
1 system pressure test
1 %perati%n
1 s/ut-*%,n-
A #** Ca%eg!risa%i!n !+ l!a"s
#*) T/e %bGe'ti)e %+ t/e 'ate(%risati%n %+ l%a*s int% t/e *i++erent l%a* 'ate(%ries is t% relate t/e l%a* e++e't
t% t/e ass%'iate* un'ertainties-
#*4 8nless t/e l%a* is 'ate(%rise* as a''i*ental it s/all be 'ate(%rise* as0
1 +un'ti%nal l%a*.
1 en)ir%nmental l%a*. %r
1 inter+eren'e l%a*-
T/e l%a* 'ate(%ries are *es'ribe* in !. an* E bel%,- %nstru'ti%n l%a*s s/all be 'ate(%rise* int% t/e ab%)e
l%a*s an* are *es'ribe* in D- A''i*ental l%a*s are *es'ribe* in F-
A 5** Design l!a" e++ec%s
5*) T/e *esi(n l%a* e++e't 'al'ulati%ns are (i)en in 3-
3. F'nc%i!nal !a"s
3 )** General
)*) B%a*s arisin( +r%m t/e p/ysi'al e:isten'e %+ t/e pipeline system an* its inten*e* use s/all be 'lassi+ie*
as +un'ti%nal l%a*s-
)*4 E++e'ts +r%m t/e +%ll%,in( p/en%mena are t/e minimum t% be '%nsi*ere* ,/en establis/in( +un'ti%nal l%a*s0
1 @ei(/t
1 rea'ti%ns +r%m installati%n )essel Ctensi%ners. strai(/tener. Stin(erIr%llers4
1 e:ternal /y*r%stati' pressure
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.1 Design " 7oads - 0age 21
1 stati' /y*r%*ynami' +%r'es *urin( installati%n
1 rea'ti%ns +r%m s%il in sa( ben*
1 internal pressure
1 temperature %+ '%ntents
1 pre-stressin(
1 rea'ti%ns +r%m '%mp%nents C+lan(es. 'lamps et'-4
1 permanent *e+%rmati%n %+ supp%rtin( stru'ture
1 '%)er Ce-(- s%il. r%'&. mattresses. 'ul)erts4
1 rea'ti%n +r%m seabe* C+ri'ti%n an* r%tati%nal sti++ness4
1 permanent *e+%rmati%ns *ue t% subsi*en'e %+ (r%un*. b%t/ )erti'al an* /%riJ%ntal
1 permanent *e+%rmati%ns *ue t% +r%st /ea)e
1 '/an(e* a:ial +ri'ti%n *ue t% +reeJin(
1 p%ssible l%a*s *ue t% i'e inter+eren'e. e-(- bulb (r%,t/ ar%un* burie* pipelines near +i:e* p%ints Cin-line
)al)esItees. +i:e* plants et'-4. *ri+tin( i'e et'-
1 l%a*s in*u'e* by pi((in( %perati%ns-
)*8 T/e ,ei(/t s/all in'lu*e ,ei(/t %+ pipe. bu%yan'y. '%ntents. '%atin(. an%*es. marine (r%,t/ an* all
atta'/ments t% t/e pipe-
)*4 En* 'ap +%r'es *ue t% pressure s/all be '%nsi*ere*. as ,ell as any transient pressure e++e'ts *urin( n%rmal
%perati%n Ce-(- *ue t% 'l%sure %+ )al)es4-
)*# Temperature *ue t% internal +lui* an* e:ternal en)ir%nmental s/all be *etermine* an* '%rresp%n*in(
temperature pr%+iles +%r t/e +%ll%,in( s'enari%s0
1 T/e ma:imum an* minimum *esi(n C100-year return )alues4 temperature *urin( %perati%n
1 Representati)e temperatures *urin( %perati%n
1 Representati)e temperatures *urin( installati%n. as-lai*. ,ater +ille* an* system pressure test-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e temperature is n%rmally *etermine* +%r t/e pipe steel Ct% be use* +%r stru'tural purp%se4 but may als% be re2uire*
+%r an%*es. '%atin( et'-
T/e sele'ti%n %+ *esi(n %r %perati%nal temperature is (i)en by Table ;-#-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*5 B%'al minimum temperature pr%+iles. ,/i'/ may be 'ause* by e-(- su**en s/ut-*%,ns. may be applie*-
T/is ,ill typi'ally be rele)ant t% *e+ine* '%mp%nents an* se'ti%ns %+ t/e pipeline Ce-(- sp%ts ar%un* )al)es4-
)*& Flu'tuati%ns in temperature s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt ,/en '/e'&in( +ati(ue stren(t/-
)*2 F%r e:pansi%n analyses. t/e temperature *i++eren'e relati)e t% layin( s/all be '%nsi*ere*- T/e
temperature pr%+ile s/all be applie*-
)*: Pre-stressin(. su'/ as permanent 'ur)ature %r a permanent el%n(ati%n intr%*u'e* *urin( installati%n.
s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt i+ t/e 'apa'ity t% 'arry %t/er l%a*s is a++e'te* by t/e pre-stressin(- Pretensi%n +%r'es
in*u'e* by b%lts in +lan(es. '%nne't%rs an* riser supp%rts an* %t/er permanent atta'/ments. s/all be 'lassi+ie*
as +un'ti%nal l%a*s-
))* T/e s%il pressure a'tin( %n burie* pipelines s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt i+ si(ni+i'ant-
3 4** 9ress're l!a"s
4*) T/e +%ll%,in( internal pressures s/all be *e+ine* at a 'ertain *e+ine* re+eren'e le)elO system test
pressure. %peratin( pressure Ci+ rele)ant4. *esi(n pressure Ci+ appli'able4. an* in'i*ental pressure. see Se'-#
D"00 +%r *e+initi%ns an* Fi(ure 1 in Se'-1- T/ese pressures are summarise* in Table ;-1-
Ta6le 4-) 9ress're %er$s
Pressure )bbreviations Symbol escription
6ill test - P
/
Hy*r%stati' test pressure at t/e mill. see Se'-< E-
System test - P
t
T/e pressure t% ,/i'/ t/e '%mplete submarine pipeline system is
teste* t% pri%r t% '%mmissi%nin(. see Se'-= !"00-
In'i*ental - P
in'
6a:imum pressure C100-year )alue4 t/e submarine pipeline system is
*esi(ne* t% ,it/stan*. see Se'-# D"00-
6a:imum all%,able
in'i*ental
6AIP -
6a:imum all%,able in'i*ental pressure is e2ual t% t/e in'i*ental
pressure minus t/e pipeline sa+ety system CPSS4 %peratin( t%leran'e-
Desi(n - P
D
T/e ma:imum pressure *urin( n%rmal %perati%n t/at t/e pipeline
'%ntr%l system CPS4 all%,s-
6a:imum all%,able
%peratin(
6AOP -
6a:imum all%,able %peratin( pressure is e2ual t% t/e *esi(n pressure
minus t/e pipeline '%ntr%l system CPS4 %peratin( t%leran'e. an* is
/en'e t/e upper limit %+ t/e pipeline '%ntr%l system-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.1 Design " 7oads - 0age 22
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e in'i*ental pressure is *e+ine* in terms %+ e:'ee*an'e pr%bability ,it/in a year- T/e rati% bet,een t/e in'i*ental
pressure an* t/e *esi(n pressure. see Table #-1. is *etermine* by t/e a''ura'y an* spee* %+ t/e pipeline sa+ety system-
@/en t/e pressure s%ur'e is (i)en Ce-(- ,ell /ea* s/ut-in pressure4 t/is may '%nstitute t/e sele'ti%n %+ t/e in'i*ental
pressure- T/e *esi(n pressure 'an t/en be establis/e* base* %n t/e pipeline sa+ety system- @/en transp%rt 'apa'ity
re2uirement '%nstitute t/e *esi(n premise t/is may (i)e t/e *esi(n pressure an* t/e in'i*ental pressure 'an t/en be
establis/e* base* %n t/e pipeline sa+ety system-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e l%'al pressure is t/e internal pressure at a spe'i+i' p%int base* %n t/e re+eren'e pressure a*Guste* +%r
t/e +lui* '%lumn ,ei(/t *ue t% t/e *i++eren'e in ele)ati%n- It 'an be e:presse* as0
,/ere
p
li
is t/e l%'al in'i*ental pressure
p
in'
is t/e in'i*ental re+eren'e pressure at t/e re+eren'e ele)ati%n
'%nt
is t/e *ensity %+ t/e rele)ant '%ntent %+ t/e pipeline
g is t/e (ra)ity
h
re+
is t/e ele)ati%n %+ t/e re+eren'e p%int Cp%siti)e up,ar*s4
h
l
is t/e ele)ati%n %+ t/e l%'al pressure p%int Cp%siti)e up,ar*s4
p
lt
is t/e l%'al system test pressure
p
t
is t/e system test re+eren'e pressure at t/e re+eren'e ele)ati%n
t
is t/e *ensity %+ t/e rele)ant test me*ium %+ t/e pipeline
p
*
is t/e *esi(n pressure at t/e pressure re+eren'e ele)ati%n
in'
is t/e in'i*ental t% *esi(n pressure rati%
4*8 In 'ases ,/ere e:ternal pressure in'reases t/e 'apa'ity. t/e e:ternal pressure s/all n%t be ta&en as /i(/er
t/an t/e ,ater pressure at t/e '%nsi*ere* l%'ati%n '%rresp%n*in( t% l%, astr%n%mi' ti*e in'lu*in( p%ssible
ne(ati)e st%rm sur(e-
4*4 In 'ases ,/ere t/e e:ternal pressure *e'reases t/e 'apa'ity. t/e e:ternal pressure s/all n%t be ta&en as
less t/an t/e ,ater pressure at t/e '%nsi*ere* l%'ati%n '%rresp%n*in( t% /i(/ astr%n%mi' ti*e in'lu*in( st%rm
sur(e-
C. En-ir!n$en%al !a"s
C )** General
)*) En)ir%nmental l%a*s are *e+ine* as t/%se l%a*s %n t/e pipeline system ,/i'/ are 'ause* by t/e
surr%un*in( en)ir%nment. an* t/at are n%t %t/er,ise 'lassi+ie* as +un'ti%nal %r a''i*ental l%a*s-
)*4 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r 'al'ulati%n %+ '/ara'teristi' en)ir%nmental l%a*s is (i)en in DNV-RP-"0=-
C 4** Win" l!a"s
4*) @in* l%a*s s/all be *etermine* usin( re'%(nise* t/e%reti'al prin'iples- Alternati)ely. *ire't appli'ati%n
%+ *ata +r%m a*e2uate tests may be use*-
4*4 T/e p%ssibility %+ )ibrati%ns an* instability *ue t% ,in* in*u'e* 'y'li' l%a*s s/all be '%nsi*ere* Ce-(-
)%rte: s/e**in(4-
C 8** H7"r!"7na$ic l!a"s
8*) Hy*r%*ynami' l%a*s are *e+ine* as +l%,-in*u'e* l%a*s 'ause* by t/e relati)e m%ti%n bet,een t/e pipe
an* t/e surr%un*in( ,ater-
8*4 All rele)ant s%ur'es +%r /y*r%*ynami' l%a*s s/all be '%nsi*ere*- T/is may in'lu*e ,a)es. 'urrent. an*
relati)e pipe m%ti%ns an* in*ire't +%r'es e-(- 'ause* by )essel m%ti%ns-
8*8 T/e +%ll%,in( /y*r%*ynami' l%a*s s/all be '%nsi*ere*0
1 *ra( an* li+t +%r'es ,/i'/ are in p/ase ,it/ t/e abs%lute %r relati)e ,ater parti'le )el%'ity
1 inertia +%r'es ,/i'/ are in p/ase ,it/ t/e abs%lute %r relati)e ,ater parti'le a''elerati%n
1 +l%,-in*u'e* 'y'li' l%a*s *ue t% )%rte: s/e**in(. (all%pin( an* %t/er instability p/en%mena
C;-14
C;-"4
C;-#4
p
li
= p
inc
+ p
cont
g (
rc
l
)
p
lt
= p
t
+ p
t
g (
rc
l
)
p
inc
= p
J
y
inc
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.1 Design " 7oads - 0age 23
1 impa't l%a*s *ue t% ,a)e slammin( an* slappin(. an*
1 bu%yan'y )ariati%ns *ue t% ,a)e a'ti%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Re'ent resear'/ int% t/e /y*r%*ynami' '%e++i'ients +%r %pen bun*les an* pi((y-ba'& lines in*i'ates t/at t/e
e2ui)alent *iameter appr%a'/ may be n%n'%nser)ati)e. an* a system spe'i+i' '%mputati%nal +lui* *ynami's CFD4
analysis may be re2uire* t% /a)e a r%bust *esi(n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*4 T/e applie* ,a)e t/e%ry s/all be 'apable %+ *es'ribin( t/e ,a)e &inemati's at t/e parti'ular ,ater *ept/
in 2uesti%n in'lu*in( sur+ J%nes /y*r%*ynami's ,/ere appli'able- T/e suitability %+ t/e sele'te* t/e%ry s/all
be *em%nstrate* an* *%'umente*-
8*# T/e 'urrent-in*u'e* *ra( an* li+t +%r'es %n t/e submarine pipeline system s/all be *etermine* an*
'%mbine* ,it/ t/e ,a)e-in*u'e* +%r'es usin( re'%(nise* t/e%ries +%r ,a)e- 'urrent intera'ti%n- A )e't%r
'%mbinati%n %+ t/e 'urrent an* ,a)e-in*u'e* ,ater parti'le )el%'ities may be use*. /%,e)er. 'al'ulati%n %+
t/e t%tal parti'le )el%'ities an* a''elerati%ns base* up%n m%re e:a't t/e%ries %n ,a)e-'urrent intera'ti%n is
pre+erable-
8*5 Data +r%m m%*el testin( %r a'&n%,le*(e* in*ustry pra'ti'e may be use* in t/e *eterminati%n %+ t/e
rele)ant /y*r%*ynami' '%e++i'ients-
8*& %nsi*erati%n s/all be (i)en t% ,a)e *ire'ti%n. s/%rt 'reste* ,a)es. ,a)e re+ra'ti%n an* s/%alin(.
s/iel*in( an* re+le'tin( e++e'ts-
8*2 Variati%ns in 'urrent )el%'ity ma(nitu*e an* *ire'ti%n as a +un'ti%n %+ ,ater *ept/ s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
8*: @/ere parts %+ t/e pipeline system are p%siti%ne* a*Ga'ent t% %t/er stru'tural parts. p%ssible e++e'ts *ue
t% *isturban'e %+ t/e +l%, +iel* s/all be '%nsi*ere* ,/en *eterminin( t/e ,a)e an*I%r 'urrent a'ti%ns- Su'/
e++e'ts may 'ause an in'rease* %r re*u'e* )el%'ity. %r *ynami' e:'itati%n by )%rti'es bein( s/e* +r%m t/e
a*Ga'ent stru'tural parts-
8)* I+ parts %+ t/e submarine pipeline system is built up %+ a number %+ 'l%sely spa'e* pipes. t/en intera'ti%n
an* s%li*i+i'ati%n e++e'ts s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt ,/en *eterminin( t/e mass an* *ra( '%e++i'ients +%r ea'/
in*i)i*ual pipe %r +%r t/e ,/%le bun*le %+ pipes- I+ su++i'ient *ata is n%t a)ailable. lar(e-s'ale m%*el tests may
be re2uire*-
8)) F%r pipelines %n %r 'l%se t% a +i:e* b%un*ary Ce-(- pipeline spans4 %r in t/e +ree stream Ce-(- risers4. li+t
+%r'es perpen*i'ular t% t/e a:is %+ t/e pipe an* perpen*i'ular t% t/e )el%'ity )e't%r s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt
Cp%ssible )%rte: in*u'e* )ibrati%ns4-
8)4 In '%nne'ti%n ,it/ )%rte: s/e**in(-in*u'e* trans)erse )ibrati%ns. p%tential in'rease in *ra( '%e++i'ient
s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt-
8)8 P%ssible in'rease* ,a)es an* 'urrent l%a*s *ue t% presen'e %+ TeeNs. RNs %r %t/er atta'/ments s/all be
'%nsi*ere*-
8)4 T/e e++e't %+ p%ssible ,a)e an* 'urrent l%a*in( %n t/e submarine pipeline system in t/e air (ap J%ne
s/all be in'lu*e*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
6a:imum ,a)e l%a* e++e'ts may n%t al,ays be e:perien'e* *urin( t/e passin( %+ t/e *esi(n ,a)e- T/e ma:imum
,a)e l%a*s may be *ue t% ,a)es %+ a parti'ular len(t/. peri%* %r steepness-
T/e initial resp%nse t% impulsi)e ,a)e slam %r slap usually %''urs be+%re t/e e:p%se* part %+ t/e submarine pipeline
system is si(ni+i'antly immerse*- T/ere+%re. %t/er +lui* l%a*in( %n t/e system nee* n%t n%rmally be applie* ,it/ t/e
impulsi)e l%a*- H%,e)er. *ue t% stru'tural '%ntinuity %+ t/e riser. (l%bal ,a)e l%a*in( %n %t/er parts %+ t/e system
must be '%nsi*ere* in a**iti%n t% t/e *ire't ,a)e l%a*in(-
@a)e slam %''urs ,/en an appr%:imately /%riJ%ntal member is en(ul+e* by a risin( ,ater sur+a'e as a ,a)e passes-
T/e /i(/est slammin( +%r'es %''ur +%r members at mean ,ater le)el an* t/e slam +%r'e *ire'ti%ns are 'l%se t% t/e
)erti'al-
@a)e slap is ass%'iate* ,it/ brea&in( ,a)es an* 'an a++e't members at any in'linati%n. but in t/e plane perpen*i'ular
t% t/e ,a)e *ire'ti%n- T/e /i(/est +%r'es %''ur %n members ab%)e mean ,ater le)el-
!%t/ slam an* slap l%a*s are applie* impulsi)ely C%)er a s/%rt instant %+ time4 an* t/e *ynami' resp%nse %+ t/e
submarine pipeline system s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8)# Parts %+ t/e submarine pipeline system. l%'ate* ab%)e t/e n%rmal ,a)e impa't J%ne. may be e:p%se* t%
,a)e l%a*in( *ue t% ,a)e run-up- B%a*s *ue t% t/is e++e't s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
8)5 T/e in'rease* l%a*s +r%m marine (r%,t/ s/all be '%nsi*ere* as +%ll%,s0
1 In'rease* *ra(Ili+t area *ue t% t/e marine (r%,t/
1 In'rease* pipe sur+a'e r%u(/ness an* resultin( in'rease in *ra( '%e++i'ient an* re*u'e* li+t '%e++i'ient
1 Any bene+i'ial e++e't %+ t/e marine (r%,t/ s/%ul* be i(n%re* in stability analyses
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.1 Design " 7oads - 0age 24
8)& Ti*e l%a*s s/all be '%nsi*ere* ,/en t/e ,ater *ept/ is a si(ni+i'ant parameter. e-(- +%r t/e establis/ment
%+ ,a)e a'ti%ns. pipe lay %perati%n parti'ularly near s/%re appr%a'/esIlan*+alls. et'-
C 4** ;ce l!a"s
4*) In areas ,/ere i'e may *e)el%p %r *ri+t. t/e p%ssibility %+ i'e l%a*s %n t/e pipeline system s/all be
'%nsi*ere*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
I'e l%a*s may be *ue t% i'e +r%Jen %n t/e pipeline system itsel+. %r partly *ue t% +l%atin( i'e. %r '%mbinati%n %+ t/ese
t,%-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e p%ssibility %+ i'e s'%urin( an* impa'ts +r%m *ri+tin( i'e s/all be '%nsi*ere* +%r s/%re appr%a'/es
an* areas ,/ere i'e may inter+ere ,it/ t/e seabe* an* t/e submarine pipeline system-
4*8 In'rease* /y*r%*ynami' l%a*in( *ue t% presen'e %+ i'e s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
4*4 In 'ase %+ i'e +r%Jen t% parts %+ t/e submarine pipeline system %r )essels. Ce-(- *ue t% sea spray4 t/e
+%ll%,in( +%r'es s/all be '%nsi*ere*0
1 ,ei(/t %+ t/e i'e
1 impa't +%r'es *ue t% t/a, %+ t/e i'e
1 +%r'es *ue t% e:pansi%n %+ t/e i'e
1 in'rease* ,in*. ,a)es an* 'urrent +%r'es *ue t% in'rease* e:p%se* area-
4*# F%r'es +r%m +l%atin( i'e s/all be 'al'ulate* a''%r*in( t% re'%(nise* t/e%ry- Due attenti%n s/all be pai*
t% t/e me'/ani'al pr%perties %+ t/e i'e. '%nta't area. s/ape %+ stru'ture. *ire'ti%n %+ i'e m%)ements. et'- T/e
%s'illatin( nature %+ t/e i'e +%r'es Cbuilt-up %+ lateral +%r'e an* +ra'ture %+ m%)in( i'e4 s/all be ta&en int%
a''%unt- @/en +%r'es *ue t% lateral i'e m%ti%n ,ill (%)ern stru'tural *imensi%ns. m%*el testin( %+ t/e i'e-
stru'ture intera'ti%n may be re2uire*-
C #** Ear%h<'a0e
#*) B%a* imp%se* by eart/ 2ua&e. eit/er *ire'tly %r in*ire'tly Ce-(- *ue t% +ailure %+ pipeline (ra)el supp%rts4.
s/all be 'lassi+ie* as a''i*ental %r en)ir%nmental l%a*s. *epen*in( %n t/e pr%bability %+ eart/2ua&e %''urren'e
in line ,it/ a''i*ental l%a*s in F-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Spe'ial attenti%n s/all be (i)en t% ensure t/at appr%priate l%a*s +r%m eart/ 2ua&es are in'lu*e* in t/e *esi(n- T/is
implies t/at e-(- 100-year. 1000-year an* 10 000-year '/ara'teristi' return peri%* )alues nee*s t% be e)aluate*- N%te
t/at implementati%n %+ l%a* Ce++e't4 +a't%rs may )ary +r%m '%*e t% '%*e an* als% *epen*s %n '/ara'teristi' return
peri%* +%r t/e l%a*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
C 5** Charac%eris%ic en-ir!n$en%al l!a" e++ec%s
5*) T/e '/ara'teristi' en)ir%nmental l%a* an* t/e '%rresp%n*in( l%a* e++e't *epen* %n '%n*iti%n0
1 ,eat/er restri'te* '%n*iti%n
1 unrestri'te* '%n*iti%n Ctemp%rary '%n*iti%n %r permanent '%n*iti%n4-
Fi(ure 1 %utlines t/e pr%'e*ure +%r assessin( en)ir%nmental l%a*s- Operati%n limits COP
BI6
4 is t/e minimum
en)ir%nmental limitati%n %+ t/e %perati%ns in)%l)e* in pipe layin(. an* may be pipe l%a* e++e'ts. pipe /an*lin(.
an'/%r /an*lin(. HSE issues et'-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Bimitin( pipe l%a* e++e'ts are typi'ally l%'al bu'&lin( %r +ati(ue-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.1 Design " 7oads - 0age 25
Fig're )
De%er$ina%i!n !+ charac%eris%ic en-ir!n$en%al l!a"
5*4 @eat/er restri'te* %perati%ns may start-up base* up%n reliable ,eat/er +%re'ast less t/an t/e %perati%n
limit- 8n'ertainty in t/e ,eat/er +%re'ast +%r t/e %perati%nal peri%* s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
T/e %perati%n limit may be *e+ine* by ma:imum all%,e* stru'tural resp%nse Ce-(- l%'al bu'&lin( in t/e sa( ben*4.
an'/%r /an*lin( 'apability. sa+e ,%r&in( '%n*iti%ns %n *e'&. assistan'e system %r any limitati%ns i*enti+ie* in
HAUOP- In 'ase %perati%n limits are stri'ter +%r 'easin( t/e %perati%n t/an +%r n%rmal layin( t/is s/%ul* be e)aluate*
in *etail-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
F%r ,eat/er restri'te* %perati%ns an* e:ample %+ /%, t% a''%unt +%r t/e un'ertainty in ,eat/er +%re'ast re+eren'e is
ma*e t% DNV-OS-H101-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
5*8 Operati%ns ,it/ a re+eren'e peri%* CT
R
4 less t/an H> /%urs an* a planne* %perati%n peri%* CT
POP
4 less
t/an <" /%urs 'an be *e+ine* as ,eat/er restri'te*- T/e %perati%n re+eren'e peri%* CT
R
4 is t/e planne* %perati%n
peri%* CT
POP
4 in'lu*in( '%ntin(en'y time. CT
4-
5*4 An %perati%n 'an be *e+ine* as ,eat/er restri'te* %perati%n e)en i+ t/e planne* %perati%n time e:'ee*s
<" /%urs pr%)i*e* t/at t/e %perati%n 'an be interrupte* an* put int% a sa+e '%n*iti%n ,it/in t/e ma:imum
all%,able peri%* +%r a ,eat/er restri'te* %perati%n- T/e re+eren'e peri%* +%r su'/ %perati%ns is *e+ine* as t/e
planne* %perati%n peri%* +%r 'easin( t/e %perati%n. CTN
POP
4. in'lu*in( t/e '%ntin(en'y time +%r 'easin( t/e
%perati%n CTN
4- T/e planne* %perati%n peri%* +%r 'easin( t/e %perati%ns is *e+ine* as t/e time t% sa+ely 'ease
t/e %perati%n CT
Sa+e
4 an* t/e ,eat/er +%re'ast inter)als CT
@F
4-
5*# An %perati%n 'an be *e+ine* as a temp%rary '%n*iti%n i+ t/e *urati%n is less t/an > m%nt/s unless *e+ine*
as ,eat/er restri'te* '%n*iti%ns- T/e en)ir%nmental l%a* e++e't +%r temp%rary '%n*iti%ns s/all be ta&en as t/e
10-year return peri%* +%r t/e a'tual seas%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
%n*iti%ns e:'ee*in( > m%nt/s but n% l%n(er t/an 1" m%nt/s may %''asi%nally be *e+ine* as temp%rary '%n*iti%ns-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
5*5 %n*iti%ns n%t *e+ine* as ,eat/er restri'te* '%n*iti%ns %r temp%rary '%n*iti%ns s/all be *e+ine* as
permanent '%n*iti%ns- T/e en)ir%nmental l%a* e++e't +%r permanent '%n*iti%ns s/all be ta&en as t/e 100-year
return peri%*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.1 Design " 7oads - 0age 26
5*& @/en '%nsi*erin( t/e en)ir%nmental *esi(n l%a* t/e m%st un+a)%urable rele)ant '%mbinati%n. p%siti%n
an* *ire'ti%n %+ simultane%usly a'tin( en)ir%nmental l%a*s s/all be use* in *%'umentin( t/e inte(rity %+ t/e
submarine pipeline system- Fun'ti%nal l%a*s Csee !4. inter+eren'e l%a*s Csee E4 an* a''i*ental l%a*s Csee F4
s/all be '%mbine* ,it/ t/e en)ir%nmental l%a*s as appr%priate. see 310#-
5*2 T/e '/ara'teristi' en)ir%nmental l%a* e++e't +%r installati%n. #
E
. is *e+ine* as t/e m%st pr%bable lar(est
l%a* e++e't +%r a (i)en seastate an* appr%priate 'urrent an* ,in* '%n*iti%ns (i)en by0
,/ere0
&C#
!
4 is t/e 'umulati)e *istributi%n +un'ti%n %+ #
!
. an* 4 is t/e number %+ l%a* e++e't 'y'les in a sea-state %+
a *urati%n n%t less t/an # /%urs-
5*: T/e m%st 'riti'al l%a* e++e't '%mbinati%n +%r t/e rele)ant return peri%* s/all be use*- @/en t/e
'%rrelati%ns am%n( t/e *i++erent en)ir%nmental l%a* '%mp%nents Ci-e- ,in*. ,a)e. 'urrent %r i'e4 are un&n%,n
t/e '/ara'teristi' '%mbine* en)ir%nmental l%a*s in Table ;-" may be use*-
D. C!ns%r'c%i!n !a"s
D )** General
)*) B%a*s ,/i'/ arise as a result %+ t/e '%nstru'ti%n an* %perati%n %+ t/e submarine pipeline system s/all be
'lassi+ie* int% +un'ti%nal an* en)ir%nmental l%a*s-
)*4 %nstru'ti%n l%a*s in'lu*e0
1 sta'&in( %+ pipes
1 pipe transp%rtati%n l%a*s
1 /an*lin( %+ pipe an* pipe se'ti%ns. e-(- li+tin( %+ pipe. pipe G%ints. pipe strin(s an* pipe sp%%ls. an* reelin(
%+ pipe strin(s
1 stati' an* *ynami' installati%n l%a*s
1 pull-in at lan*+alls. tie-ins. tren'/in( et'-
1 pressure testin(
1 '%mmissi%nin( a'ti)ities. e-(- in'rease in pressure *i++erential *ue t% )a'uum *ryin(
1 *ynami' l%a*s +r%m pre-'%mmissi%nin( a'ti)ities. e-(- +l%%*in( an* *e-,aterin( ,it/ pi(s-
)*8 Inertia l%a*s *ue t% su**en ,ater +illin(. e:'essi)e *e+%rmati%n in %)erben* an* sa(ben*. an* +%r'es *ue
t% %perati%n err%rs %r +ailures in e2uipment t/at '%ul* 'ause %r a((ra)ate 'riti'al '%n*iti%ns s/all be '%nsi*ere*.
see Se'-10 A#00-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e *esi(n 'riteria +%r su'/ '%nsi*erati%ns ,ill *epen* %n t/e li&eli/%%* %+ t/e s'enari%- In 'ase t/e li&eli/%%* is less
t/an %n'e in /un*re* years. it 'an be '%nsi*ere* as an a''i*ental limit state an* be '/e'&e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-=
D1000. else a n%rmal 8BS '/e'& apply-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*4 F%r '%nstru'ti%n l%a*s imp%se* by (e%metri'al t%leran'es. e:treme t%leran'es may be ta&en as mean [
# stan*ar* *e)iati%ns %+ t/e '%mbine* t%leran'es-
C;-;4
Ta6le 4-4 C!$6ina%i!ns !+ charac%eris%ic en-ir!n$en%al l!a"s in %er$s !+ re%'rn (eri!"
)/
6ind 6aves %urrent 'ce !arth *ua.e
Permanent '%n*iti%n
100-year 100-year 10-year
10-year 10-year 100-year
10-year 10-year 10-year 100-year
10-year 10-year 10-year 100-year
"4
Temp%rary '%n*iti%n
10-year 10-year 1-year
1-year 1-year 10-year
1-year 1-year 1-year 10-year
1-year 1-year 1-year 10-year
"4
14 T/is is in '%mplian'e ,it/ ISO 1><0F. but in '%n+li't ,it/ ISO 1#>"# in 'ase t/e *esi(n li+e is less t/an ## years-
"4 Spe'ial attenti%n s/all be (i)en t% p%tential ,a)es %r 'urrent in*u'es by eart/2ua&es-
& #
!
( ) 1
1
4
--- - E ?
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.1 Design " 7oads - 0age 3%
E. ;n%er+erence !a"s
E )** General
)*) B%a*s ,/i'/ are imp%se* %n t/e pipeline system +r%m #r* party a'ti)ities s/all be 'lassi+ie* as
inter+eren'e l%a*s- Typi'al inter+eren'e l%a* in'lu*e tra,l inter+eren'e. an'/%rin(. )essel impa'ts an* *r%ppe*
%bGe'ts-
)*4 T/e re2uirement +%r *esi(nin( t/e submarine pipeline system +%r inter+eren'e l%a*s s/all be *etermine*
base* up%n inter+eren'e +re2uen'y stu*ies an* assessment %+ t/e p%tential *ama(e- I+ t/e pr%bability %+
%''urren'e is less t/an 10
-"
,it/in a year t/e l%a* s/all be 'lassi+ie* as a''i*ental l%a*. see F-
)*8 T/e tra,lin( l%a*s 'an be *i)i*e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e t/ree 'r%ssin( p/ases0
1 Tra,l impa't. i-e- t/e initial impa't +r%m t/e tra,l b%ar* %r beam ,/i'/ may 'ause l%'al *ents %n t/e pipe
%r *ama(e t% t/e '%atin(-
1 O)er-tra,lin(. %+ten re+erre* t% as pull-%)er. i-e- t/e se'%n* p/ase 'ause* by t/e ,ire an* tra,l b%ar* %r
beam sli*in( %)er t/e pipe- T/is ,ill usually (i)e a m%re (l%bal resp%nse %+ t/e pipeline-
1 H%%&in(. i-e- t/e tra,l b%ar* is stu'& un*er t/e pipe an* in e:treme 'ases. +%r'es as lar(e as t/e brea&in(
stren(t/ %+ t/e tra,l ,ire are applie* t% t/e pipeline-
H%%&in( /as %+ten a +re2uen'y less t/an 10
-"
per year an* t/en 'ate(%rise* as an a''i*ental l%a*-
)*4 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r 'al'ulati%ns %+ tra,l inter+eren'e l%a*s is (i)en in DNV-RP-F111-
)*# T/e tra,l impa't ener(y s/all be *etermine* '%nsi*erin(. as a minimum0
1 t/e tra,l (ear mass an* )el%'ity
1 t/e e++e'ti)e a**e* mass an* )el%'ity-
T/e impa't ener(y s/all be use* +%r testin( %+ t/e pipeline '%atin(s an* p%ssible *entin( %+ t/e pipeline ,all
t/i'&ness- In 'ase pi((y-ba'& lines t/ese s/all als% /a)e a*e2uate sa+ety a(ainst tra,l impa'ts-
)*5 Ot/er #r* party inter+eren'e l%a*s s/all be 'al'ulate* usin( re'%(nise* met/%*s-
F. Acci"en%al !a"s
F )** General
)*) B%a*s ,/i'/ are imp%se* %n a pipeline system un*er abn%rmal an* unplanne* '%n*iti%ns an* ,it/ an
pr%bability %+ %''urren'e less t/an 10
-"
,it/in a year s/all be 'lassi+ie* as a''i*ental l%a*s-
)*4 Typi'al a''i*ental l%a*s 'an be 'ause* by0
1 e:treme ,a)e an* 'urrent l%a*s
1 )essel impa't %r %t/er *ri+tin( items C'%llisi%n. (r%un*in(. sin&in(. i'eber(4
1 *r%ppe* %bGe'ts
1 in+re2uent internal %)er pressure Ce-(- in 'ase %+ mal+un'ti%n %+ HIPPS4
1 seabe* m%)ement an*I%r mu* sli*es
1 e:pl%si%n
1 +ire an* /eat +lu:
1 a''i*ental ,ater +illin( *ue t% ,et bu'&le
1 %perati%nal mal+un'ti%n
1 *ra((in( an'/%rs-
)*8 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r siJe an* +re2uen'y %+ a''i*ental l%a*s is (i)en in DNV-RP-F10<-
G. Design !a" E++ec%s
G )** General
)*) A l%a* e++e't is t/e resultin( 'r%ss se'ti%nal l%a*s arisin( as resp%nse t% applie* l%a*s Ce-(- ,ei(/t.
pressure. *ra(4-
)*4 T/e ma(nitu*e %+ a time )ariant l%a* e++e't t% be use* in a limit state 'riteri%n is *e+ine* by its pr%bability
%+ bein( e:'ee*e*. t/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* e++e't-
)*8 T/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* e++e'ts +r%m t/e *i++erent l%a* 'ate(%ries are '%mbine* by l%a* e++e't +a't%rs t%
'%nstitute t/e *esi(n l%a* e++e't-
G 4** Charac%eris%ic l!a"
4*) T/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* e++e't is a 2uanti+ie* l%a* e++e't t% be use* in t/e *esi(n l%a* e++e't 'al'ulati%n-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.1 Design " 7oads - 0age 3$
T/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* +%r time in)ariant l%a*s is t/e n%minal Ca)era(e4 l%a*- T/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* +%r time
)ariant l%a*s is (i)en in >00-
4*4 T/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* e++e't is '%mp%se* %+ '%ntributi%ns %+ +un'ti%nal. en)ir%nmental an* inter+eren'e
l%a* e++e'ts-
4*8 F%r n%n-,eat/er restri'te* %perati%ns. t/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* ,ill be t/e m%st 'riti'al 100-year l%a*
e++e't
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e 100-year return peri%* implies a pr%bability %+ e:'ee*an'e %+ 10
-"
,it/in a year-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e m%st 'riti'al 100-year l%a* e++e't is n%rmally (%)erne* by e:treme +un'ti%nal. e:treme
en)ir%nmental. e:treme inter+eren'e %r a''i*ental l%a* e++e't- 8nless spe'ial e)aluati%n is 'arrie* %ut t%
i*enti+y t/e m%st 'riti'al 100-year l%a* e++e't. t/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* e++e'ts in Table ;-# s/all be use*-
4*# In a**iti%n t% t/e '/ara'teristi' l%a*s *e+ine* ab%)e. t/e +ati(ue l%a* 'ase s/all als% be '/e'&e*. see Table
;-#-
G 8** Design l!a" e++ec%
8*) Ea'/ limit state. see Se'-= D. s/all be '/e'&e* +%r t/e *esi(n l%a* e++e't-
8*4 T/e *esi(n l%a* e++e't 'an (enerally be e:presse* in t/e +%ll%,in( +%rmat0
In spe'i+i' +%rms. t/is '%rresp%n*s t%0
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e l%a* '%mbinati%ns t% t/e le+t are re+erre* t% e:pli'itly in t/e limit state 'riteria. e-(- E2- C=-1H4-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*8 T/e *esi(n l%a* e++e't s/all be 'al'ulate* +%r t/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* Csee 3"004 +%r all rele)ant l%a* e++e't
'%mbinati%ns an* '%rresp%n*in( l%a* e++e't +a't%rs in Table ;-;-
Ta6le 4-8 Charac%eris%ic l!a"s
!"treme #oad #oad effect factor
combination
14
&unctional
load
!nvironmental
load
'nterference
load
)ccidental
load
Fun'ti%nal l%a* e++e't a. b 100-year
"4
1-year Ass%'iate* NA
En)ir%nmental l%a*
e++e't
a. b Ass%'iate*
#4
100-year
;4
Ass%'iate* NA
Inter+eren'e l%a* e++e't b Ass%'iate*
#4
Ass%'iate* 8! NA
Fati(ue l%a* e++e't
=4
' Ass%'iate* Ass%'iate* Ass%'iate* NA
A''i*ental l%a* e++e't * Ass%'iate* Ass%'iate* Ass%'iate* !E
%haracteristic load definition
n-year0 6%st pr%bable ma:imum in n years. 8!0 8pper !%un*. !E0 !est estimate
14 T/e re+erre* l%a* e++e't +a't%r '%mbinati%ns are (i)en in Table ;-;-
"4 T/is ,ill n%rmally be e2ui)alent t% an internal pressure e2ual t% t/e l%'al in'i*ental pressure '%mbine* ,it/
e:pe'te* ass%'iate* )alues %+ %t/er +un'ti%nal l%a*s-
#4 T/is ,ill n%rmally be e2ui)alent t% an internal pressure an* temperature n%t less t/an t/e %peratin( pressure an* t/e
%peratin( temperature pr%+iles-
;4 As *e+ine* in Table ;-"-
=4 T/e +ati(ue l%a* 'ases areO
a4 'y'li' +un'ti%nal l%a*in( Cstart-up an* s/ut-*%,n. pressure an* temperature 'y'les s/all be represente*4.
b4 ran*%m en)ir%nmental l%a* Ce-(- ,a)e an* 'urrent spe'tra. '%nser)ati)e pressure an* temperature +%r t/e +ati(ue
*ama(e s/all be use*4 an*
'4 repeate* inter+eren'e l%a*in( C'%nser)ati)e pressure an* temperature +%r t/e +ati(ue *ama(e s/all be use*4
C;-=4
C;->4
C;-<4
C;-F4
c ) ) c & ' ! ! c & & Sd
# # # # # + + + =
c ) ) c & ' ! ! c & & Sd
$ $ $ $ $ + + + =
c ) ) c & ' ! ! c & & Sd
+ + + =
c ) ) c & ' ! ! c & & Sd
S S S S S + + + =
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.1 Design " 7oads - 0age 3&
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e partial sa+ety +a't%rs in DNV-OS-F101 /a)e been *etermine* by stru'tural reliability met/%*s t% a pre-*e+ine*
+ailure pr%bability- Stru'tural reliability 'al'ulati%ns *i++erentiate bet,een sin(le G%int +ailures Cl%'al '/e'&s4 an*
series system +ailures Csystem e++e'ts4-
T/ese t,% &in*s %+ s'enari%s are e:presse* as t,% *i++erent l%a* e++e't '%mbinati%ns in DNV-OS-F1010
a4 s/all %nly be '%nsi*ere* +%r s'enari%s ,/ere system e++e'ts are present
b4 +%r l%'al s'enari%s an* s/all al,ays be '%nsi*ere*-
@/en system e++e'ts are present. t/e pipeline ,ill +ail at its ,ea&est p%int- Hen'e. t/e li&ely l%a* s/all be '%mbine*
,it/ t/e e:treme l%, resistan'e- Applie* t% pipelines system e++e't 'an be e:presse* as t/e ,ea&est lin& prin'iple
C,/ere t/e '/ain (ets ,ea&er t/e l%n(er t/e '/ain is4- T/is is '/ara'terise* by t/at t/e ,/%le pipeline is e:p%se* t%
t/e same l%a* %)er time-
Applie* t% pipelines. system e++e'ts are present +%r0
- pressure '%ntainment
- '%llapse. in as installe* '%n+i(urati%n
- installati%n-
T/e +irst t,% are /an*le* by t/e use %+ t/i'&ness t
1
- T/is is als% ,/y t/i'&ness t
"
an* n%t t
1
is use* +%r t/e burst
'apa'ity in t/e l%'al bu'&lin( +%r pressurise* pipes. sin'e it is a l%'al '/e'&-
Re(ar*in( installati%n. an e:treme en)ir%nmental l%a* is n%t li&ely t% %''ur ,/en t/e ,ea&est pipe se'ti%n is at t/e
m%st e:p%se* l%'ati%n in*i'atin( t/at system e++e'ts n%t are present- H%,e)er. '%mbine* ,it/ a m%re representati)e
en)ir%nmental l%a* Cin t/e e:treme 'ase. S+lat seaT4. t/e ,/%le pipeline ,ill un*er(% t/e same *e+%rmati%n S%)er
timeT. /en'e. /a)in( a system e++e't present-
In Table ;-;. l%a* e++e't +a't%r '%mbinati%n a /as a l%a* e++e't +a't%r %+ 1-" +%r t/e +un'ti%nal l%a* t% '%)er t/e system
e++e't '%mbine* ,it/ a 0-< l%a* e++e't +a't%r +%r t/e e:treme en)ir%nmental l%a* (i)in( a m%re Srepresentati)eT
en)ir%nmental l%a*. appli'able +%r t/e ab%)e-
An%t/er e:ample %+ ,/ere system e++e'ts are present is +%r reelin( ,/ere t/e ,/%le pipe is e:p%se* t% t/e same
*e+%rmati%n Cne(le'tin( t/e )ariati%n in *rum *iameter in'rease4- F%r t/is appli'ati%n. a '%n*iti%n l%a* +a't%r %+ 0-F"
applies. (i)in( t/e t%tal l%a* e++e't +a't%r %+ 1-" 0-F" ? 1-0-
Hen'e. l%a* '%mbinati%n b s/all al,ays be '/e'&e* ,/ile l%a* '%mbinati%n a n%rmally is '/e'&e* +%r installati%n %nly-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*4 T/e '%n*iti%n l%a* e++e't +a't%r applies t% t/e '%n*iti%ns in Table ;-=- %n*iti%n l%a* e++e't +a't%rs are
in a**iti%n t% t/e l%a* e++e't +a't%rs an* are re+erre* t% e:pli'itly in E2- C;-=. ;-> an* ;-<4-
G'i"ance n!%eF
S8ne)en seabe*T re+ers t% pipeline restin( %n t/e seabe* an* n%t t% installati%n %n un-e)en seabe*-Se)eral '%n*iti%n
+a't%rs may be re2uire* simultane%usly. e-(- +%r pressure testin( %+ pipelines %n seabe*. t/e resultin( '%n*iti%n +a't%r
,ill be 1-0< Z 0-H# ? 1-00-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G 4** !a" e++ec% calc'la%i!ns
4*) T/e l%a* e++e't 'al'ulati%ns s/all be base* %n a''epte* prin'iples %+ stati's. *ynami's. stren(t/ %+
materials an* s%il me'/ani's-
Ta6le 4-4 !a" e++ec% +ac%!r c!$6ina%i!ns
#imit State /
#oad
combination
#oad effect combination &unctional
loads
14
!nvironmental
load
'nterference
loads
)ccidental
loads
F
E
F
A
3#S a System '/e'&
"4
1-" 0-<
b B%'al '/e'& 1-1 1-# 1-1
FBS c 1-0 1-0 1-0
ABS d 1-0 1-0 1-0 1-0
14 I+ t/e +un'ti%nal l%a* e++e't re*u'es t/e '%mbine* l%a* e++e'ts.
F
s/all be ta&en as 1I1-1-
"4 T/is l%a* e++e't +a't%r '%mbinati%n s/all %nly be '/e'&e* ,/en system e++e'ts are present. i-e- ,/en t/e maG%r part %+ t/e pipeline
is e:p%se* t% t/e same +un'ti%nal l%a*- T/is ,ill typi'ally %nly apply t% pipeline installati%n-
Ta6le 4-# C!n"i%i!n l!a" e++ec% +ac%!rs=
C
%ondition
'
Pipeline restin( %n une)en seabe* 1-0<
Reelin( %n an* 7-tube pull-in 0-F"
System pressure test 0-H#
Ot/er,ise 1-00
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.1 Design " 7oads - 0age 3'
4*4 In*ustry re'%(nise* 'al'ulati%ns t%%ls. %r t%%ls *%'umente* t% pr%)i*e '%rresp%n*in( results. s/%ul* be
use* +%r *esi(n an* '%nstru'ti%n analyses %+ t/e submarine pipeline system-
4*8 6%*el tests may be use* in '%mbinati%n ,it/. %r instea* %+. t/e%reti'al 'al'ulati%ns- In 'ases ,/ere
t/e%reti'al met/%*s are ina*e2uate. m%*el %r +ull-s'ale tests may be re2uire*-
4*4 T/e *ynami' e++e't s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt ,/en *eterminin( resp%nses t% *ynami' l%a*s-
4*# T/e e++e't %+ statisti'al un'ertainty *ue t% t/e am%unt an* a''ura'y %+ *ata s/all be assesse* an*. i+
si(ni+i'ant. s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e e)aluati%n %+ t/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* e++e't-
4*5 @/en n%n-linear material is re2uire* in t/e analyses t/e stress-strain 'ur)e s/all base* %n spe'i+ie*
minimum )alues a''%untin( +%r temperature *eratin( C+
y
an* +
u
4 '%nsi*ere* bein( en(ineerin( stress )alues.
e:'ept +%r ,/en t/e mean %r upper b%un* )alues are e:pli'itly re2uire* by t/e pr%'e*ure Ce-(- +%r +ra'ture
me'/ani's appli'ati%ns4- T/e use %+ true )ersus en(ineerin( stress strain 'ur)e s/all be '%nsistent-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e strain at +
u
is n%rmally '%nsi*erably less t/an t/e +ra'ture strain an* is n%rmally in t/e %r*er %+ > t% 10L- T/is
s/%ul* be *etermine* +r%m tests %+ similar material-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*& B%a* e++e't 'al'ulati%n s/%ul* be per+%rme* applyin( n%minal 'r%ss se'ti%n )alues unless %t/er,ise
re2uire* by t/e '%*e-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Spe'ial attenti%n s/all be (i)en t% ensure t/at '%nser)ati)e l%a* e++e't 'al'ulati%ns are per+%rme*. implyin( t/at t/e
applie* 'r%ss se'ti%n )alues are '%nser)ati)e- In 'ase lar(er p%siti)e ,all t/i'&ness t%leran'es are a(ree* Csee Table
<-1F an* Table <-">4 it s/%ul* be n%te* t/at lar(er steel 'r%ss se'ti%nal area ,ill (enerate lar(er e:pansi%n +%r'es-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*2 T/e e++e'ti)e a:ial +%r'e t/at *etermines t/e (l%bal resp%nse %+ a pipeline is *en%te* S- %untin( tensile
+%r'e as p%siti)e0
4*: Split up int% +un'ti%nal. en)ir%nmental an* a''i*ental e++e'ti)e +%r'e. t/e +%ll%,in( applies0
S
E
? N
E
S
A
? N
A
4)* In t/e as-lai* '%n*iti%n. ,/en t/e pipe temperature an* internal pressure are t/e same as ,/en t/e pipe
,as lai*.
@/ere 1 is t/e e++e'ti)e Cresi*ual4 lay tensi%n- T/e e++e'ti)e resi*ual lay tensi%n may be *etermine* by
'%mparin( t/e as-lai* sur)ey *ata t% results +r%m FE analysis-
4)) E++e'ti)e a:ial +%r'e %+ a t%tally restraine* pipe in t/e linear elasti' stress ran(e is0
,/ere0
H ? E++e'ti)e Cresi*ual4 lay tensi%n
p
i
? Internal pressure *i++eren'e relati)e t% as lai*
? Temperature *i++eren'e relati)e t% as lai*.
C;-H4
C;-104
C;-114
C;-1"4
( ) ( ) ( )
" "
"
"
;
p t p 4 ) p ) p 4 p S
e i e e i i i
= + =
( ) ( ) ( )
" "
"
"
;
p t p 4 ) p ) p 4 p S
e i & e e i i & i &
= + =
1 S =
( ) T ! ) ) p 1 S
s i i
= " 1
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 31
SECT;ON #
DES;GN ;M;T STATE CR;TER;A
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is se'ti%n pr%)i*es limit state 'riteria an* (eneral re2uirements +%r t/e submarine pipeline systems-
A 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) T/is stan*ar* in'lu*es n% limitati%ns %n ,ater *ept/- H%,e)er. ,/en t/is stan*ar* is applie* in *eep
,ater ,/ere e:perien'e is limite*. spe'ial '%nsi*erati%n s/all be (i)en t%0
1 %t/er +ailure me'/anisms t/an t/%se (i)en in t/is se'ti%n
1 )ali*ity %+ parameter ran(e Cen)ir%nmentalI*esi(nI%perati%nal parameters4
1 *ynami' e++e'ts-
4*4 T/is stan*ar* *%es n%t spe'i+y any e:pli'it limitati%ns ,it/ respe't t% elasti' *ispla'ements %r )ibrati%ns.
pr%)i*e* t/at t/e e++e'ts %+ lar(e *ispla'ements an* *ynami' be/a)i%ur. in'lu*in( +ati(ue e++e't %+ )ibrati%ns.
%perati%nal '%nstraints an* rat'/etin(. are ta&en int% a''%unt in t/e stren(t/ analyses an* +%un* a''eptable-
4*8 T/is stan*ar* *%es n%t spe'i+y any limitati%ns %n pipe (e%metries but s%me limit states ,ere *e)el%pe*
+%r a limite* (e%metry an* l%a* ran(e t/at is state* ,it/ t/e 'riteri%n- F%r (e%metries an* l%a*s %utsi*e t/ese
limits. 'riteria nee* t% be *e)el%pe* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e sa+ety p/il%s%p/y in Se'-"-
4*4 T/e l%'al bu'&lin( limit states. see D#00 t% D>00. are %nly appli'able t% pipelines t/at are strai(/t in
stress-+ree '%n*iti%n an* are n%t appli'able t% e-(- ben*s-
4*# F%r parts %+ t/e submarine pipeline system ,/i'/ e:ten* %ns/%re '%mplementary re2uirements are (i)en
in Appen*i: F-
4*5 F%r spiral ,el*e* pipes. t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal limitati%ns apply0
1 ,/en supplementary re2uirement F C+ra'ture arrest pr%perties4 is spe'i+ie*. see Se'-<. t/e p%ssibility +%r a
runnin( +ra'ture t% '%ntinue +r%m a ,el* in %ne pipe G%int t% t/e ,el* %+ t/e ne:t pipe G%int s/all be assesse*
1 e:ternal pressure resistan'e s/%ul* be *%'umente*
1 t/e *esi(n s/all be base* %n t/e l%a* '%ntr%lle* '%n*iti%n. see D>00. unless t/e +easibility +%r use %+
*ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* '%n*iti%n 'an be *%'umente*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e limitati%ns t% +ra'ture arrest an* l%a* '%ntr%lle* '%n*iti%n are *ue t% limite* e:perien'e ,it/ spiral ,el*e* pipes
subGe'te* t% runnin( +ra'ture %r lar(e strains-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
A 8** S7s%e$a%ic re-ie1
8*) T/e %)erall re2uirement t% systemati' re)ie, in Se'-" ,ill +%r t/is se'ti%n imply0
1 A 'lear *e+initi%n %+ '%*e brea& bet,een '%mp%nents an* pipeline system
1 lear *e+initi%n %+ t/e '%*esN pressure *e+initi%ns '%rresp%n*en'e
1 A 'lear *es'ripti%n %+ t/e %)erall system in'lu*in( inter+a'es an* resp%nsibilities. '%)erin( b%t/ temp%rary
an* permanent p/ases-
1 An %)erall re)ie, %+ all p%tential +ailure m%*es s/all be '%n*u'te*
1 T/e stru'tural inte(rity an* +un'ti%nality %+ pipeline '%mp%nents s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e sa+ety re2uirements
+%r t/e '%nne'te* pipeline system. re+- Se'-"-
1 Pre-'%mmissi%nin( a'ti)ities
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e ab%)e ,ill in'lu*e a HAUID %+ t/e installati%n a'ti)ity t% i*enti+y p%tential impa't %n *esi(n su'/ as sele'ti%n %+
sa+ety 'lass *urin( installati%n Cre+- Se'-10 FF004-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
3. S7s%e$ Design Re<'ire$en%s
3 )** S'6$arine (i(eline s7s%e$ la7!'%
)*) Pipelines. risers an* 7-tubes s/%ul* be r%ute* insi*e t/e stru'ture t% a)%i* )essel impa't. an* s/all be
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 32
pr%te'te* a(ainst impa't l%a*s +r%m )essels an* %t/er me'/ani'al intera'ti%n- Risers an* 7-tubes s/%ul* n%t be
l%'ate* insi*e t/e l%a*in( J%nes %+ plat+%rms-
)*4 T/e r%utin( %+ risers an* 7-tubes s/all be base* %n t/e +%ll%,in( '%nsi*erati%ns0
1 plat+%rm '%n+i(urati%n an* t%psi*es lay%ut
1 spa'e re2uirements
1 m%)ements %+ t/e riser %r 7-tube
1 'ableIpipeline appr%a'/
1 riser %r 7-tube pr%te'ti%n
1 in-ser)i'e inspe'ti%n an* maintenan'e
1 installati%n '%nsi*erati%ns-
)*8 r%ssin( bet,een pipelines an* pipelines %r 'ables s/%ul* be &ept separate* by a minimum )erti'al
*istan'e %+ 0-# m- P%tential ele'tri'al inter+eren'e an* ass%'iate* '%nse2uen'es bet,een pipelines an* 'ables
s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
)*4 T/e submarine pipeline system s/all be pr%te'te* a(ainst una''eptable *ama(e 'ause* by e-(- *r%ppe* %bGe'ts.
+is/in( (ear. s/ips. an'/%rin( et'- Pr%te'ti%n may be a'/ie)e* by %ne %r a '%mbinati%n %+ t/e +%ll%,in( means0
1 '%n'rete '%atin(
1 burial
1 '%)er Ce-(- san*. (ra)el. mattress4
1 %t/er me'/ani'al pr%te'ti%n-
)*# Relati)e settlement bet,een t/e pr%te'ti)e stru'ture an* t/e submarine pipeline system s/all be pr%perly
assesse* in t/e *esi(n %+ pr%te'ti)e stru'tures. an* s/all '%)er t/e +ull *esi(n li+e %+ t/e submarine pipeline
system- A*e2uate 'learan'e bet,een t/e pipeline '%mp%nents an* t/e members %+ t/e pr%te'ti)e stru'ture s/all
be pr%)i*e* t% a)%i* +%ulin(-
)*5 F%r stru'tural items. *%ubler plates an* rin(s ,el*e* *ire'tly t% pressure '%ntainin( parts. t/e +%ll%,in(
apply0
1 Desi(n s/all be per+%rme* +%r all rele)ant +ailure m%*es. e-(- yiel*in(. +ati(ue an* +ra'ture-
1 F%r *uple: stainless steels an* 1#r martensiti' stainless steels a stress analysis s/all be per+%rme* in ea'/
'ase t% *etermine t/at l%'al stresses ,ill n%t initiate HIS- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r *esi(n %+ *uple:
stainless steels is (i)en in DNV-RP-F11"-
1 @el*in( *ire'tly t% t/e pressure '%ntainin( parts s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 2uali+ie* ,el*in(
pr%'e*ures a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: -
1 NDT s/all be per+%rme* t% ensure stru'tural inte(rity %+ t/e pressure '%ntainin( parts-
1 T/e t%e-t%-t%e *istan'e +r%m %t/er ,el*s s/all be minimum " Z t %r =0 mm. ,/i'/e)er is lar(er-
)*& F%r *%ubler plates %r rin(s t/e +%ll%,in( apply0
1 Desi(n s/all be per+%rme* +%r all rele)ant +ailure m%*es-
1 D%ubler plates s/%ul* be 'ir'ular-
1 @el*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ures-
1 D%ubler rin(s s/all be ma*e as +ully en'ir'lin( slee)es ,it/ t/e l%n(itu*inal ,el*s ma*e ,it/ ba'&in(
strips. an* a)%i*in( penetrati%n int% t/e main pipe material-
1 Ot/er ,el*s s/all be '%ntinu%us. an* ma*e in a manner minimisin( t/e ris& %+ r%%t 'ra'&in( an* lamellar tearin(-
)*2 3irt/ ,el*s s/%ul* n%t be '%)ere* un*er *%ubler rin(s. 'lamps. %r %t/er items-
)*: Riser an* 7-tube supp%rts s/all be *esi(ne* t% ensure a sm%%t/ transiti%n %+ +%r'es bet,een riserI7-tube
an* supp%rt-
))* F%r re2uirements t% transiti%ns. see F11" t/r%u(/ F11=-
))) F%r pi((able '%mp%nents t/e internal *iameter %+ t/e '%mp%nent s/all meet t/e re2uirements imp%se*
by t/e pi(-train-
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is re'%mmen*e* t/at ben*s ra*ius are *esi(ne* ,it/ a ra*ius n%t less t/an = n%minal internal pipe *iameter-
#D ben*s may be a''eptable i+ PI3 is *esi(ne* +%r it. typi'ally ta&in( int% a''%unt0
- Ben(t/ %+ t/e pi(O
- Pi(-b%*y *iameterO
- P%siti%n %+ t/e seal- an* (ui*e-*is'sO
- 6aterial an* siJe %+ t/e *is'sO
- P%siti%n %+ t/e (au(e-plate-
In a**iti%n. a trial +it t% be per+%rme*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 33
3 4** 9ress're %es% (hil!s!(h7 an" cri%eria
4*) T/e pressure '%ntainment 'apa'ity %+ t/e pipeline system is ensure* by0
1 Desi(n 'riteria an* sa+ety +a't%rs
1 Pressure testin( all pressure '%ntainin( parts by
1 Stren(t/ pressure testO 6ill pressure test +%r pipe G%ints CSe'-< E1004 an* /y*r%stati' test +%r
'%mp%nents CSe'-F 31004. an*
1 3r%ss err%r lea& testO System pressure test C!"0# an* Se'-10 I#004 an* /y*r%stati' test +%r pipeline
assemblies CSe'-< E1004
8nless ,ai)e* by !"0; %r Se'-< E10<-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e purp%ses %+ t/e mill test are0
- t% '%nstitute a pressure '%ntainment pr%%+ test
- t% ensure t/at all pipe se'ti%ns /a)e a minimum yiel* stress-
T/ere+%re. t/e mill test pressure is *e+ine* in terms %+ stress utilisati%n. see Se'-< E100. rat/er t/an in terms %+ *esi(n
pressure- Sin terms %+ stress utilisati%nT implies t/at t/e same stru'tural utilisati%n ,ill be a'/ie)e* in*epen*ent %n
temperature *e-ratin( %r '%rr%si%n all%,an'e use* in t/e *esi(n-
T/e purp%se %+ t/e system pressure test is t% pr%)e t/e pressure '%ntainment %+ t/e submarine pipeline system. i-e- it
'%nstitutes a lea&a(e test a+ter '%mplete* '%nstru'ti%n *is'l%sin( (r%ss err%rs-
T/e stren(t/ test s/all re+le't t/e /i(/est utilisati%n t/e part ,ill be e:p%se* t% *urin( its entire li+e ,it/ pr%bability
less %+ bein( e:'ee*e* ,it/in a year less t/an 10
-"
- T/e system pressure test *i++erential pressure s/all be
spt
/i(/er
t/an t/e 100-year pressure *i++eren'e-
In 'ase mill test %r system test n%t meets t/e '%rresp%n*in( re2uirements in terms %+ pressure le)el t/is ,ill result in
limitati%ns %+ t/e in'i*ental pressure as per E2- =->
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e pipeline system s/all be system pressure teste* a+ter installati%n in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-10 7#00
unless t/is is ,ai)e* by a(reement in a''%r*an'e ,it/ "0# bel%,- T/e l%'al test pressure Cp
lt
4 *urin( t/e system
pressure test s/all +ul+il t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirement +%r t/e sa+ety 'lass *urin( n%rmal %perati%n0
spt
see Table =-H-
G'i"ance n!%eF
@it/ an in'i*ental pressure %+ 10L ab%)e *esi(n pressure. t/e ab%)e (i)es a system test pressure %+ appr%:imately
1-1= times t/e l%'al *esi(n pressure C+%r sa+ety 'lass me*ium an* /i(/4 at t/e /i(/est p%int C(i)en t/at t/e test me*ium
*ensity is /i(/er t/an
spt
\ *ensity %+ t/e me*ium in %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system part teste*4. see Fi(ure 1-
Fig're )
;ll's%ra%i!n !+ l!cal (ress'res an" re<'ire$en%s %! s7s%e$ (ress're %es%
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*8 Alternati)e means t% pr%)e t/e same le)el %+ sa+ety as ,it/ t/e system pressure test is all%,e* by
a(reement (i)en t/at t/e mill pressure test re2uirement %+ Se'-< E100 /as been met an* n%t ,ai)e* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-< E10<-
p
lt
spt
p
li
C=-14
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 34
T/e in*ustries &n%,le*(e an* tra'& re'%r* t% *ate implies t/e limitati%ns in Table =-1 +%r ,ai)in( t/e system
pressure test-
4*4 Durin( system pressure test. all limit states +%r sa+ety 'lass l%, s/all be satis+ie* Csee D4-
3 8** M!ni%!ringHins(ec%i!n "'ring !(era%i!n
8*) T/e parameter sa+ety en)el%pe establis/e* in t/e '%n'eptual p/ase. see Se'-# 100 an* D"00. s/all be
e:ten*e*Im%*i+ie* in t/e *esi(n p/ase by t/e parameters ,/i'/ '%ul* )i%late limit states %+ a pipeline system-
T/ese s/all be m%nit%re*. inspe'te* an* e)aluate* ,it/ a +re2uen'y ,/i'/ enables reme*ial a'ti%ns t% be
'arrie* %ut be+%re t/e system is *ama(e*. see Se'-11-
G'i"ance n!%eF
As a minimum t/e m%nit%rin(Iinspe'ti%n +re2uen'y s/%ul* be su'/ t/at t/e pipeline system ,ill n%t be en*an(ere*
*ue t% any realisti' *e(ra*ati%nI*eteri%rati%n t/at may %''ur bet,een t,% '%nse'uti)e inspe'ti%n inter)als-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*4 Spe'ial +%'us s/all be %n m%nit%rin( an* inspe'ti%n strate(ies +%r Sli)e pipeline systemsT i-e- pipeline
systems t/at are *esi(ne* t% '/an(e t/e '%n+i(urati%n *urin( its *esi(n li+e-
Ta6le #-) Re<'ire$en%s %! 1ai-e s7s%e$ (ress're %es%
Re*uirement
Ot/er aspe'ts ,it/ respe't t% system
pressure test t/an pressure '%ntainment
inte(rity su'/ as 'leanin(. '%ntra'tual.
s/all be a(ree*-
An inspe'ti%n an* test re(ime +%r t/e
entire submarine pipeline system s/all be
establis/e* an* *em%nstrate* t% pr%)i*e
t/e same le)el %+ sa+ety as t/e system
pressure test ,it/ respe't t% *ete'table
*e+e't siJes et'-O Re'%r*s s/all s/%, t/at
t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements /a)e
'%nsistently been %btaine* *urin(
manu+a'ture. +abri'ati%n an* installati%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e re2uirement implies t/at a rep%rtin( limit l%,er t/an t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria
s/all be use*- T/is enables tra'&in( %+ ten*en'ies su'/ t/at it 'an be *%'umente*
t/at t/e 'riteria /as been '%nsistently met- It ,ill als% in*i'ate systemati' err%rs
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Bess t/an <=L %+ t/e pressure
'%ntainment *esi(n resistan'e s/all be
utilise*
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e re2uirement implies t/at e:ternal pressure (%)erns t/e ,all t/i'&ness *esi(n-
F%r *eep ,ater pipelines. t/e bene+it %+ a system pressure test is limite*O /en'e t/is
'riteri%n- T/e limitati%n implies t/at t/e ,all t/i'&ness s/all be at least ##L lar(er
t/an re2uire* by t/e pressure '%ntainment 'riteri%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
T/e linepipe s/all be seamless %r
pr%*u'e* by t/e SA@ met/%*- Repairs
by %t/er met/%*s are all%,e* by
a(reement-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Ot/er ,el*in( met/%*s /a)e t% *ate n%t pr%)e* similar *e(ree %+ 2uality as SA@-
SA@ is n%t re2uire* +%r t/e (irt/ ,el*s
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
All pipeline '%mp%nents an* pipeline
assemblies s/all be /y*r%stati'ally
pressure teste* *urin( manu+a'ture-
Aut%mate* 8ltras%ni' Testin( CA8T4
s/all be per+%rme* a+ter installati%n
,el*in(- Alternati)e NDT met/%*s
pr%)en t% (i)e t/e same *ete'tability an*
siJin( a''ura'y may be all%,e* by
a(reement-
G'i"ance n!%eF
A8T is n%rmally re2uire* in %r*er t% ensure t/at n% 'riti'al *e+e'ts e:ist- T/e
a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is %+ten base* %n an EA lin&in( t/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness.
*e+e'ts an* l%a*s- A rep%rtin( limit less t/an t/is a''eptan'e 'riteria is re2uire* in
%r*er t% ensure t/at t/ere is n% systemati' err%r %n t/e ,el*in( an* t% pr%)e t/at
t/e 'riteria are systemati'ally met-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
T/e pipeline s/all n%t be e:p%se* t%
a''umulate* n%minal plasti' strains
e:'ee*in( "L a+ter A8T-
Installati%n an* inter)enti%n ,%r& s/all
be unli&ely t% /a)e 'ause* *ama(e t% t/e
submarine pipeline system-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Spe'ial attenti%n s/all /ere be (i)en t% pl%u(/in(. %t/er tren'/in( met/%*s %r
t/ir* party *ama(es e-(- an'/%r '/ains %+ ,ires-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 35
G'i"ance n!%eF
E:ample %+ su'/ systems may be pipelines t/at are *esi(ne* t% e:perien'e (l%bal bu'&lin( %r p%ssible +ree-span
*e)el%pments %r p%tential pipeline ,al&in(-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*8 Instrumentati%n %+ t/e pipeline system may be re2uire* ,/en )isual inspe'ti%n %r simple measurements
are n%t '%nsi*ere* pra'ti'al %r reliable. an* a)ailable *esi(n met/%*s an* pre)i%us e:perien'e are n%t su++i'ient
+%r a reliable pre*i'ti%n %+ t/e per+%rman'e %+ t/e system-
8*4 Operatin( re2uirements a++e'tin( sa+ety an* reliability %+ t/e pipeline system s/all be i*enti+ie* *urin(
t/e *esi(n p/ase. an* s/all be *%'umente* in t/e DFI ResumK an* re+le'te* in t/e PI6 system-
C. Design F!r$a%
C )** General
)*) T/e *esi(n +%rmat in t/is stan*ar* is base* %n a B%a* an* Resistan'e Fa't%r Desi(n CBRFD4 +%rmat-
)*4 T/e +un*amental prin'iple %+ t/e BRFD +%rmat is t% )eri+y t/at *esi(n l%a* e++e'ts. #
S*
. *% n%t e:'ee*
*esi(n resistan'es. R
R*
. +%r any %+ t/e '%nsi*ere* +ailure m%*es in any l%a* s'enari%0
@/ere t/e +ra'ti%ns i *en%tes t/e *i++erent l%a*in( types t/at enters t/e limit state-
)*8 A *esi(n l%a* e++e't is %btaine* by '%mbinin( t/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* e++e'ts +r%m t/e *i++erent l%a*
'ate(%ries an* 'ertain l%a* e++e't +a't%rs. see Se'-; 3-
)*4 A *esi(n resistan'e is %btaine* by *i)i*in( t/e '/ara'teristi' resistan'e by resistan'e +a't%rs t/at *epen*s
%n t/e sa+ety 'lass. re+le'tin( t/e '%nse2uen'es %+ +ailures. see "00-
C 4** Design resis%ance
4*) T/e *esi(n resistan'e. R
R*
. 'an (enerally be e:presse* in t/e +%ll%,in( +%rmat0
,/ere
R
'
is t/e '/ara'teristi' resistan'e
+
'
is t/e '/ara'teristi' material stren(t/. see E2- =-; an* E2-=-=
t
'
is t/e '/ara'teristi' t/i'&ness. see Table =-> an* Table =-<
+
0
is t/e %ut %+ r%un*ness %+ t/e pipe. pri%r t% l%a*in(
m
.
S
are t/e partial resistan'e +a't%rs. see Table =-" an* Table =-#
4*4 O)ality %+ t/e pipeline is *e+ine* in E2- =-1;- T/is ,ill a++e't t/e stru'tural 'apa'ity %+ t/e pipeline an*
s/all be ta&en as t/e ma:imum %)ality pri%r t% l%a*in(- A*)anta(e %+ an %)ality less t/an 0-=L is n%t all%,e*-
O)ality in e:'ess %+ #L s/all be assesse* in line ,it/ DH00-
4*8 T/e material resistan'e +a't%r.
m
. is *epen*ent %n t/e limit state 'ate(%ry an* is *e+ine* in Table =-"-
4*4 !ase* %n p%tential +ailure '%nse2uen'es t/e pipeline s/all be 'lassi+ie* int% a sa+ety 'lass see Se'-" ;00-
T/is ,ill be re+le'te* in t/e sa+ety le)el by t/e Sa+ety lass resistan'e +a't%r
S
(i)en in Table =-#- A
'%rresp%n*in( sa+ety 'lass *epen*ent strain resistan'e +a't%r is *e+ine* +%r t/e *ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* limit
state. see D>0F. >0H an* Table =-10-
C=-"4
C=-#4
Ta6le #-4 Ma%erial resis%ance +ac%!r=
$
#imit state category
<0
S#S/3#S/)#S &#S
m
1-1= 1-00
14 T/e limit states CSBS. 8BS. ABS an* FBS4 are *e+ine* in D-
1
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
i
Rd
Sd
R
#
f
( )
S% m
c c c
Rd
f t f R
R
=
0
.
.
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 36
T/e sa+ety 'lass may )ary +%r *i++erent p/ases an* *i++erent l%'ati%ns-
4*# P%ssible bene+i'ial stren(t/enin( e++e't %+ ,ei(/t '%atin( %n a steel pipe s/all n%t be ta&en int% a''%unt
in t/e '/ara'teristi' resistan'e. unless t/e stren(t/enin( e++e't is *%'umente*- %atin( ,/i'/ a**s si(ni+i'ant
ben*in( sti++ness t% t/e pipe may in'rease t/e stressesIstrains in t/e pipe at any *is'%ntinuity in t/e '%atin( Ce-(-
at +iel* G%ints4- @/en appr%priate. t/is e++e't s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt-
4*5 P%ssible bene+i'ial stren(t/enin( e++e't %+ 'la**in( %r liner %n a steel pipe s/all n%t be ta&en int% a''%unt
in t/e '/ara'teristi' resistan'e. unless t/e stren(t/enin( e++e't is *%'umente*-
C 8** Charac%eris%ic $a%erial (r!(er%ies
8*) /ara'teristi' material pr%perties s/all be use* in t/e resistan'e 'al'ulati%ns- T/e yiel* stress an* tensile
stren(t/ in t/e limit state +%rmulati%ns s/all be base* %n t/e en(ineerin( stress-strain 'ur)e-
8*4 T/e '/ara'teristi' material stren(t/ f
y
an* f
u
. )alues t% be use* in t/e limit state 'riteria are0
@/ere0
f
y+temp
an* f
u+temp
are t/e *e-ratin( )alues *ue t% t/e temperature %+ t/e yiel* stress an* t/e tensile stren(t/
respe'ti)ely. see #0;-
3
is t/e material stren(t/ +a't%r. see Table =-;-
8*8 T/e *i++erent me'/ani'al pr%perties re+er t% r%%m temperature unless %t/er,ise state*-
8*4 T/e material pr%perties s/all be sele'te* ,it/ *ue re(ar* t% material type an* p%tential temperature an*I
%r a(ein( e++e'ts an* s/all in'lu*e0
1 yiel* stress
1 tensile stren(t/
1 R%un(As m%*ulus
1 temperature e:pansi%n '%e++i'ient-
F%r -6n steel an* 1#r t/is s/all be '%nsi*ere* +%r temperatures ab%)e =0]. an* +%r ""r an* "=r +%r
temperatures ab%)e "0]-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
Fiel* G%int '%atin( appli'ati%n *urin( installati%n may als% imp%se temperatures in e:'ess %+ t/e ab%)e an* s/all be
'%nsi*ere*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
I+ n% %t/er in+%rmati%n %+ *e-ratin( e++e'ts %n t/e yiel* stress e:ist t/e re'%mmen*ati%ns +%r -6n steel. ""r an*
"=r Fi(ure " bel%, may be use*- F%r 1#r testin( is n%rmally re2uire*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Ta6le #-8 Sa+e%7 class resis%ance +ac%!rs=
SC
S
Safety class #ow $edium 1igh
Pressure '%ntainment
14
1-0;>
"4.#4
1-1#F 1-#0F
;4
Ot/er 1-0; 1-1; 1-">
14 T/e number %+ si(ni+i'ant *i(its is (i)en in %r*er t% '%mply ,it/ t/e ISO usa(e +a't%rs-
"4 Sa+ety 'lass l%, ,ill be (%)erne* by t/e system pressure test ,/i'/ is re2uire* t% be #L ab%)e
t/e in'i*ental pressure- Hen'e. +%r %perati%n in sa+ety 'lass l%,. t/e resistan'e +a't%r ,ill
e++e'ti)ely be minimum #L /i(/er-
#4 F%r system pressure test.
8
s/all be e2ual t% 1-00. ,/i'/ (i)es an all%,able /%%p stress %+ H>L
%+ S6RS b%t/ +%r materials +ul+illin( supplementary re2uirement 8 an* t/%se n%t-
;4 F%r parts %+ pipelines in l%'ati%n 'lass 1. resistan'e sa+ety 'lass me*ium may be applie* C1-1#F4-
C=-;4
C=-=4
( )
3 temp y y
f S$9S f =
.
( )
3 temp u u
f S$TS f =
.
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 4%
Fig're 4
9r!(!se" "e-ra%ing -al'es +!r 7iel" s%ress !+ C-Mn= )8Cr= 44Cr an" 4#Cr
G'i"ance n!%eF
I+ n% %t/er in+%rmati%n %n *e-ratin( e++e't %+ t/e ultimate stress e:ists. t/e *e-ratin( %+ t/e yiel* stress 'an be
'%nser)ati)ely applie*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*# Any *i++eren'e in t/e *e-ratin( e++e't %+ temperature +%r tensi%n an* '%mpressi%n s/all be a''%unte* +%r-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Di++eren'e in *e-ratin( e++e't +%r tensi%n an* '%mpressi%n /as been e:perien'e* %n 1#r steel material-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*5 T/e material stren(t/ +a't%r.
8
. *epen* %n Supplementary re2uirement 8 as s/%,n in Table =-;-
N%te0 F%r system pressure test.
8
s/all be e2ual t% 1-00. ,/i'/ (i)es an all%,able /%%p stress %+ H>L %+ S6RS b%t/ +%r materials
+ul+illin( supplementary re2uirement 8 an* t/%se n%t- T/is is e2ui)alent t% t/e mill test utilisati%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e appli'ati%n %+ supplementary re2uirement 8 re2uires *%'umentati%n a+ter t/e manu+a'ture an* s/all be use* ,it/
'are- !ase* %n pr%*u'ti%n *ata. it may be use* +%r +uture up(ra*e %+ t/e pipeline
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*& F%r manu+a'turin( pr%'esses ,/i'/ intr%*u'e '%l* *e+%rmati%ns (i)in( *i++erent stren(t/ in tensi%n an*
'%mpressi%n. a +abri'ati%n +a't%r.
+ab
. s/all be *etermine*- I+ n% %t/er in+%rmati%n e:ists. ma:imum
+abri'ati%n +a't%rs +%r pipes manu+a'ture* by spe'i+i' pr%'esses are (i)en in Table =-=-
T/e +abri'ati%n +a't%r may be in'rease* t/r%u(/ /eat treatment %r e:ternal '%l* siJin( C'%mpressi%n4. i+
*%'umente*-
8*2 F%r material sus'eptible t% HIS. see DH00 an* Se'-> !#00-
Ta6le #-4 Ma%erial S%reng%h +ac%!r=
U
&actor 4ormally Supplementary re*uirement 3
8
0-H> 1-00
Ta6le #-# Ma,i$'$ +a6rica%i!n +ac%!r=
+a6
Pipe Seamless 35 ? TR- ? !R6 35!
+ab
1-00 0-H# 0-F=
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 50 100 150 200
S
t
r
e
s
s
D
e
-
R
a
t
i
n
g
(
M
P
a
)
Temperature ( )
22Cr - 25Cr C-Mn - 13Cr
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 4$
C 4** Charac%eris%ic 1all %hic0ness
4*) T,% *i++erent '/ara'terisati%ns %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness are use*O t
1
an* t
"
an* are re+erre* t% e:pli'itly in
t/e *esi(n 'riteria- T/i'&ness t
1
is use* ,/ere +ailure is li&ely t% %''ur in '%nne'ti%n ,it/ a l%, 'apa'ity Ci-e-
system e++e'ts are present4 ,/ile t/i'&ness t
"
is use* ,/ere +ailure is li&ely t% %''ur in '%nne'ti%n ,it/ an
e:treme l%a* e++e't at a l%'ati%n ,it/ a)era(e t/i'&ness- T/ese are *e+ine* in Table =->-
4*4 I+ rele)ant. er%si%n all%,an'e s/all be '%mpensate* +%r in t/e similar ,ay as t/e '%rr%si%n all%,an'e-
6inimum ,all t/i'&ness in*epen*ent %n limit state re2uirements are (i)en in Table =-<-
T/e minimum ,all t/i'&ness re2uirement is base* %n +ailure statisti's. ,/i'/ 'learly in*i'ate t/at impa't l%a*s an* '%rr%si%n are t/e
m%st li&ely 'auses %+ +ailure an* /a)e t/e *e'isi)e e++e't %n t/i'&ness *esi(n Cn%t DIt
"
4-
4*8 @all t/i'&ness +%r %n b%tt%m stability 'al'ulati%ns is (i)en in E=0"-
C #** S%ress an" s%rain calc'la%i!ns
#*) B%'al stress an* strain '%n'entrati%ns may be 'ause* by0
1 @el* (e%metry Ce-(- /i(/Il%,4
1 @el* material pr%perties
1 @el*e* atta'/ments Ce-(- an%*e pa*s4
#*4 T/e strain '%n'entrati%n s/all a''%unt +%r t/e n%n-linear stress-strain relati%ns/ip +%r t/e rele)ant l%a*
le)el '%nsi*erin(0
1 re*u'ti%n %+ yiel* stress in +iel* G%ints *ue t% /i(/ temperature imp%se* by +iel* G%int '%atin( appli'ati%n
*urin( installati%n
1 un*ermat'/I%)ermat'/ %+ a'tual ,el* metal yiel* stress. relati)e t% a'tual pipe material yiel* stress-
#*8 B%'al stress an* strain '%n'entrati%n +a't%rs CSFISNF4 s/all be in'lu*e* in +ati(ue an* +ra'ture
assessments in line ,it/ t/e limit state-
G'i"ance n!%eF
B%'al stress '%n'entrati%ns Ct/at may be 'ause* by ,el*e* atta'/ments. t/e ,el* itsel+. %r )ery l%'al *is'%ntinuities4
,ill a++e't t/e pipe %nly l%'ally an* are typi'ally a''%unte* +%r in +ati(ue an* +ra'ture e)aluati%ns- 3l%bal stress
'%n'entrati%ns Csu'/ as stress ampli+i'ati%ns in +iel* G%ints *ue t% '%n'rete '%atin(. ,/i'/ typi'ally e:ten* %ne
*iameter4 ,ill a++e't t/e pipe (l%bally. an* s/all be a''%unte* +%r in t/e l%'al bu'&lin( e)aluati%ns as ,ell as +ati(ue
an* +ra'ture e)aluati%ns-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Di++erent appr%a'/es +%r 'al'ulati%n %+ t/e SNF +%r +ra'ture assessment are spe'i+ie* in Appen*i: A-
#*4 3l%bal stress an* strain '%n'entrati%ns may be 'ause* by0
1 )ariati%ns in a'tual material yiel* stress an* strain /ar*enability bet,een pipe G%ints an* in t/e ,el* metal
*ue t% s'atter in material pr%perties
1 )ariati%ns in 'r%ss se'ti%nal area Ca'tual *iameter %r ,all t/i'&ness4 bet,een pipe G%ints
1 sti++enin( e++e'ts %+ '%atin( an* )ariati%ns in '%atin( t/i'&ness
#*# Plasti' strain s/all be 'al'ulate* +r%m t/e p%int ,/ere t/e material stress-strain 'ur)e *e)iates +r%m a
linear relati%ns/ip. see Fi(ure #-
Ta6le #-5 Charac%eris%ic 1all %hic0ness
Pri%r t% %perati%n
14
Operati%n
"4
t
1
t-t
+ab
t-t
+ab
-t
'%rr
t
"
t t-t
'%rr
14 Is inten*e* ,/en t/ere is ne(li(ible '%rr%si%n Cmill pressure test.
'%nstru'ti%n Cinstallati%n4 an* system pressure test '%n*iti%n4- I+ '%rr%si%n
e:ist. t/is s/all be subtra'te* similar t% as +%r %perati%n-
"4 Is inten*e* ,/en t/ere is '%rr%si%n-
Ta6le #-& Mini$'$ 1all %hic0ness re<'ire$en%s
Safety %lass #ocation class 4ominal thic.ness
Hi(/ "
6inimum 1" mm unless e2ui)alent pr%te'ti%n a(ainst a''i*ental l%a*s. %t/er e:ternal
l%a*s an* e:'essi)e '%rr%si%n is pr%)i*e* by %t/er means- F%r *iameters less t/an "1H
mm CFT4 minimum ,all t/i'&ness 'an be less but s/all be *etermine* in'lu*in( t/e
ab%)e '%nsi*erati%ns-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 4&
Fig're 8
Re+erence +!r (las%ic s%rain calc'la%i!n
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e yiel* stress is *e+ine* as t/e stress at ,/i'/ t/e t%tal strain is 0-=L- As an e:ample +%r a ;1= (ra*e -6n steel. a
uni*ire'ti%nal strain %+ 0-=L '%rresp%n*s t% an elasti' strain %+ appr%:imately 0-"L an* a plasti' strain %+ 0-#L-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
D. i$i% S%a%es
D )** General
)*) All rele)ant limit states C+ailure m%*es4 s/all be '%nsi*ere* in *esi(n +%r all rele)ant p/ases an* s'enari%s
liste* in Se'-;-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Bimit state *esi(n implies t/at t/e pipeline is '/e'&e* +%r all rele)ant +ailure m%*es- T/e +ailure m%*es )ary in
'riti'ality an* are split int% t/e +%ll%,in( limit state 'ate(%ries0
- Ser)i'eability Bimit State ate(%ry
- 8ltimate Bimit State ate(%ry
- Fati(ue Bimit States
- A''i*ental Bimit State
Fati(ue an* a''i*ental limit states are sub-'ate(%ries %+ 8ltimate Bimit States a''%untin( +%r a''umulate* 'y'li' l%a*
e++e'ts an* a''i*ental Cin-+re2uent4 l%a*s respe'ti)ely-
Pipeline limit state '/e'&s are typi'ally split int% *i++erent s'enari%s- A s'enari% is n%t i*enti'al ,it/ a limit state. an*
may in'lu*e *i++erent limit states- A typi'al lin& bet,een s'enari%s an* limit states is (i)en in Table =-F-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Ta6le #-2 T7(ical lin0 6e%1een scenari!s an" li$i% s%a%es
8ltimate Bimit States Ser)i'eability Bimit States
S'enari%
!
u
r
s
t
i
n
(
F
a
t
i
(
u
e
F
r
a
'
t
u
r
e
%
l
l
a
p
s
e
P
r
%
p
a
(
a
t
i
n
(
b
u
'
&
l
i
n
(
%
m
b
i
n
e
*
l
%
a
*
i
n
(
D
e
n
t
O
)
a
l
i
s
a
t
i
%
n
R
a
t
'
/
e
t
i
n
(
D
i
s
p
l
a
'
e
m
e
n
t
@all t/i'&ness *esi(n P P P
Installati%n P P P P P P P
Riser P P P P P P P P
Free-span CP4 P P P
Tra,lin(I#r* party CP4 P P P
On b%tt%m stability CP4 CP4 CP4 CP4 CP4 CP4 P
1
Pipeline @al&in( P P
3l%bal !u'&lin( CP4 P P P P
14 Typi'ally applie* as a simpli+ie* ,ay t% a)%i* '/e'&in( ea'/ rele)ant limit state
Stress
Strain
T%tal Strain
RS
0-=L
Plasti' Strain
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 4'
)*4 In 'ase n% spe'i+i' *esi(n 'riteri%n is (i)en +%r a spe'i+i' limit state t/is s/all be *e)el%pe* in '%mplian'e
,it/ t/e sa+ety p/il%s%p/y in Se'-"-
D 4** 9ress're c!n%ain$en% .6'rs%ing/
4*) T/e pressure '%ntainment s/all +ul+il t/e +%ll%,in( 'riteria0
G'i"ance n!%eF
E2uati%n =-> s/%,s t/at t/e in'i*ental pressure ,ill be limite* byO t/e pressure '%ntainment 'riteri%n Cterm 14. t/e
system pressure test Cterm "4 %r t/e 6ill pressure test Cterm #4- I+ b%t/ t/e system pressure test an* t/e mill pressure
test /a)e been per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% t/e stan*ar*. t/e pressure '%ntainment 'riteria ,ill be (%)ernin( C,/i'/ is t/e
n%rmal 'ase4- T/e +%rmulati%n '%ul* als% be use* t% *e'rease t/e test pressures in 'ase t/e pressure '%ntainment
'riteri%n is n%t +ully utilise*. e-(- installati%n by reelin( %r +%r ultra *eep ,ater-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8nless t/e mill test /as been ,ai)e* %r limite* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-< E100 %r t/e system test /as been
,ai)e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !"0;-
mpt
an*
spt
are (i)en in Table =-H-
4*4 T/e pressure '%ntainment resistan'e p
b
Ct4 is (i)en by0
,/ere
G'i"ance n!%eF
In t/e ab%)e +%rmulae. t s/all be repla'e* by t
1
,/en use* in E2 =-< an* t
"
,/en use* in E2- =-1H-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*8 Re*u'ti%n in pressure '%ntainment resistan'e *ue t% true '%mpressi)e +%r'es Cl%a* '%ntr%lle*4. N. s/all
be '%nsi*ere*- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r re*u'ti%n in pressure '%ntainment 'apa'ity *ue t% '%mpressi)e a:ial
stresses is (i)en in DNV-RP-F101-
D 8** !cal 6'c0ling - general
8*) B%'al bu'&lin( Cpipe ,all bu'&lin(4 implies (r%ss *e+%rmati%n %+ t/e 'r%ss se'ti%n- T/e +%ll%,in(
'riteria s/all be +ul+ille*0
1 system '%llapse Ce:ternal %)er pressure %nly4
1 pr%pa(ati%n bu'&lin( Ce:ternal %)er pressure %nly4
1 '%mbine* l%a*in( 'riteria. i-e- intera'ti%n bet,een e:ternal %r internal pressure. a:ial +%r'e an* ben*in( m%ment-
T/ese ,ill be (i)en in t/e +%ll%,in( sub-se'ti%ns-
8*4 Bar(e a''umulate* plasti' strain may a((ra)ate l%'al bu'&lin( an* s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
C=->4
C=-<4
Ta6le #-: 9ress're Tes% Fac%!rs
Safety class during operation #ow $edium 1igh
mpt
1
1-000 1-0FF 1-"=1
spt
1-0# 1-0= 1-0=
14 T/is +a't%r is (i)en by0
C=-F4
C=-H4
( )
|
|
\
|
mpt
3 h
e
spt
lt
S% m
b
e li
p
p
p t p
$in p p
O O
1
( )
|
|
\
|
h
S% m
b
e lt
p
t p
$in p p O
1
# "
H> - 0
S% m
( )
#
" "
=
cb b
f
t
t
t p
(
=
1= - 1
O
u
y cb
f
f $in f
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 41
D 4** !cal 3'c0ling e,%ernal !-er (ress're !nl7 .s7s%e$ c!lla(se/
4*) T/e e:ternal pressure at any p%int al%n( t/e pipeline s/all +ul+il t/e +%ll%,in( 'riteri%n Csystem '%llapse
'/e'&40
,/ere
p
min
is t/e minimum internal pressure t/at 'an be sustaine*- T/is is n%rmally ta&en as Jer% +%r as-lai* pipeline-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e system '%llapse ,ill %''ur at t/e ,ea&est p%int in t/e pipeline- T/is ,ill n%rmally be represente* by +
y
an* t/e
minimum ,all t/i'&ness. t
1
-
A seamless pr%*u'e* linepipeNs ,ea&est se'ti%n may n%t be ,ell represente* by t/e minimum ,all t/i'&ness sin'e it
is n%t li&ely t% be present ar%un* t/e ,/%le 'ir'um+eren'e- A lar(er t/i'&ness. bet,een t
1
an* t
"
. may be use* +%r su'/
pipes i+ t/is 'an be *%'umente* representin( t/e l%,est '%llapse 'apa'ity %+ t/e pipeline-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e '/ara'teristi' resistan'e +%r e:ternal pressure Cp
'
4 C'%llapse4 s/all be 'al'ulate* as0
,/ere0
+ab
is t/e +abri'ati%n +a't%r. see Table =-=-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
In t/e ab%)e +%rmulas. t s/all be repla'e* by t
1
%r t
"
as (i)en in t/e *esi(n 'riteria-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
O)alisati%n 'ause* *urin( t/e '%nstru'ti%n p/ase s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e t%tal %)ality t% be use* in *esi(n- O)alisati%n
*ue t% e:ternal ,ater pressure %r ben*in( m%ment s/all n%t be in'lu*e*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
D #** 9r!(aga%i!n 6'c0ling
#*) Pr%pa(ati%n bu'&lin( 'ann%t be initiate* unless l%'al bu'&lin( /as %''urre*- In 'ase t/e e:ternal pressure
e:'ee*s t/e 'riteri%n (i)en bel%,. bu'&le arrest%rs s/%ul* be installe* an* spa'in( *etermine* base* %n '%st
an* spare pipe p/il%s%p/y- T/e pr%pa(atin( bu'&le 'riteri%n rea*s0
,/ere
+ab
is t/e +abri'ati%n +a't%r. see Table =-=
C=-104
C=-114
C=-1"4
C=-1#4
C=-1;4
C=-1=4
C=-1>4
1= M DIt
"
M ;=
( )
S% m
c
e
t p
p p
1
min
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
t
f t p t p t p t p t p t p t p
p el c p c el c
=
0
" "
( )
"
#
1
"
|
\
|
=
t
!
t p
el
( )
t
f t p
fab y p
=
"
+
%
ma:
min
E
--------------------------------
n%t t% be ta&en M 0-00= C0-=L4
?
p
c
p
min
p
pr
y
m
y
SC
= - "
"
#= |
\
|
=
t
f p
fab y pr
1 - 1
( )
(
\
|
+ =
"
"
.
"0 1
# t
!AP p p p p
-)
pr -) pr pr A
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 43
G'i"ance n!%e )F
An e:ample %+ a purely *ispla'ement-'%ntr%lle* '%n*iti%n is a pipeline bent int% '%n+%rmity ,it/ a '%ntinu%us 'ur)e*
stru'ture. su'/ as a 7-tube- In t/at 'ase. t/e 'ur)ature %+ t/e pipe a:is is imp%se* but t/e 'ir'um+erential ben*in( t/at
lea*s t% %)alisati%n is *etermine* by t/e intera'ti%n bet,een t/e 'ur)ature %+ t/e a:is an* t/e internal +%r'es in*u'e*
by t/e 'ur)ature-
A less 'lear-'ut e:ample is a pipeline in '%nta't ,it/ t/e r%llers %+ a lay bar(e stin(er- On a lar(e s'ale. t/e
'%n+i(urati%n %+ t/e pipeline /as t% '%n+%rm t% t/e r%llers. an* in t/at sense is *ispla'ement '%ntr%lle*- On a l%'al
s'ale /%,e)er. ben*in( %+ t/e pipe bet,een t/e r%llers is *etermine* by t/e intera'ti%n bet,een ,ei(/t an* tensi%n
an* is l%a*-'%ntr%lle*- %nta't ,it/ t/e r%llers ,ill +urt/er re*u'e t/e 'apa'ity- T/e stin(er tip ,ill. /%,e)er. al,ays
be l%a* '%ntr%lle*-
An%t/er interme*iate 'ase is an e:pansi%n sp%%l in '%nta't ,it/ t/e seabe*- Pipeline e:pansi%n in*u'e* by
temperature an* pressure imp%ses a *ispla'ement at t/e en* %+ t/e sp%%l- T/e stru'tural resp%nse %+ t/e sp%%l itsel+
/as little e++e't %n t/e imp%se* e:pansi%n *ispla'ement. an* t/e resp%nse is primarily *ispla'ement-'%ntr%lle*-
H%,e)er. t/e lateral resistan'e t% m%)ement %+ t/e sp%%l a'r%ss t/e seabe* als% plays a si(ni+i'ant part an* in*u'es
a *e(ree %+ l%a* '%ntr%l-
System e++e't /as als% a sli(/tly *i++erent e++e't in l%'al bu'&lin( E '%mbine* l%a*in( t/an +%r burstin( an* '%llapse-
A uni+%rm m%mentI'ur)ature 'ann%t be applie* t% t/e ,/%le pipeline at %n'e but ,ill typi'ally %''ur as a pea&
m%ment Sm%)in(T al%n( t/e pipeline- T/is applies t% sa( ben*. stin(er an* reelin(- B%'al bu'&lin( E '%mbine*
l%a*in( ,ill t/en be (%)erne* by t/e ma:imum m%ment 'apa'ity )ariati%n al%n( t/e pipe- T/is ,ill %''ur a small
*istan'e Ctypi'ally in t/e %r*er %+ a *iameter4 int% t/e ,ea& part. ,/en t/e pea& m%ment m%)es +r%m str%n( t% ,ea&
se'ti%n- F%r su'/ appli'ati%ns. m%re *etaile* assessment 'an be base* %n a ,ea& lin& e)aluati%n. ,/ere t/is ,ea& lin&
is t/e e:treme )ariati%n +r%m %ne G%int t% an%t/er-
T/e ans,er t% t/e 2uesti%n %n i+ a '%n*iti%n is l%a* '%ntr%lle* %r *ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* is imp%ssible sin'e t/e
2uesti%ns in ,r%n(. t/e 2uesti%n s/%ul* beO /%, 'an %ne ta&e partial bene+it %+ t/at a '%n*iti%n is partially
*ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* element^ On a (eneral basis t/is nee*s sensiti)ity analyses- A l%a* '%ntr%lle* 'riteri%n 'an.
/%,e)er. al,ays be applie*
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
I+ t/e *esi(n is base* %n e:treme )ariati%n +r%m %ne G%int t% t/e %t/er. bene+it may be ta&en +r%m sele'ti%n %+
mat'/in(. as 'l%sely as p%ssible. ,all t/i'&nessI*iameter %+ t/e pipes an* t/e a'tual yiel* stress %n b%t/ si*es %+ t/e
,el*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#oad controlled condition
5*# Pipe members subGe'te* t% ben*in( m%ment. e++e'ti)e a:ial +%r'e an* internal %)erpressure s/all be
*esi(ne* t% satis+y t/e +%ll%,in( 'riteri%n at all 'r%ss se'ti%ns0
,/ere
6
S*
is t/e *esi(n m%ment. see E2- ;->
S
S*
is t/e *esi(n e++e'ti)e a:ial +%r'e. see E2- ;-F
p
i
is t/e internal pressure. see Table ;-#
p
e
is t/e e:ternal pressure. see Se'-; !"00
p
b
is t/e burst pressure. E2- =-F
S
p
an* 6
p
*en%te t/e plasti' 'apa'ities +%r a pipe *e+ine* by0
C=-1H4
Applies +%r
1= DIt
"
;=. P
i
_ P
e.
VS
S*
V/S
p
B=.>
C=-"04
C=-"14
C=-""4
C=-"#4
( )
( )
( ) ( )
1
"
"
"
"
" "
|
|
\
|
t p
p p
t S
p S
t $
$
b c
e i
p
p c
i Sd S% m
p c
Sd
S% m
( ) ( ) t t f t S
y p
=
( ) ( ) t t f t $
y p
=
"
( )
y
u
c
f
f
+ = 1
|
|
\
|
<
=
#
"
1 # 1
#
"
1
b
e i
b
e i
b
e i
p
p
p p
p
p p
p
p p
'
is a +l%, stress parameter an*
p
a''%unt +%r e++e't %+ DIt
"
rati%-
G'i"ance n!%eF
F%r appli'ati%ns %utsi*e t/e a:ial l%a* limitati%ns. re+eren'e is ma*e t% DNV-OS-F"01-
T/e le+t /an* si*e %+ t/e '%mbine* l%a*in( 'riteri%n is re+erre* t% as intera'ti%n rati% in %r*er n%t t% mi: it ,it/ Sunity
'/e'&T- In a unity '/e'&. t/e l%a*s are n%rmally *ire'tly pr%p%rti%nal t% t/e utilisati%n ,/ile t/e a:ial l%a* an* internal
pressure are s2uare* in t/is 'riteri%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
5*5 I+ t/e pipeline in a**iti%n t% t/e a:ial l%a*. pressure an* m%ment als% /as a lateral p%int l%a*. t/is s/%ul*
be in'lu*e* by a m%*i+i'ati%n %+ t/e plasti' m%ment 'apa'ity as +%ll%,s0
,/ere
pm
? Plasti' m%ment re*u'ti%n +a't%r a''%untin( +%r p%int l%a*
R ? Rea'ti%n +%r'e +r%m p%int l%a*
5*& Pipe members subGe'te* t% ben*in( m%ment. e++e'ti)e a:ial +%r'e an* e:ternal %)erpressure s/all be
*esi(ne* t% satis+y t/e +%ll%,in( 'riteri%n at all 'r%ss se'ti%ns0
,/ere
p
min
is t/e minimum internal pressure t/at 'an be sustaine*- T/is is n%rmally ta&en as Jer% +%r installati%n
e:'ept +%r 'ases ,/ere t/e pipeline is installe* ,ater +ille*-
p
'
is t/e '/ara'teristi' '%llapse pressure. E2- =-10- T/is s/all be base* %n t/i'&ness t
"-
G'i"ance n!%eF
F%r appli'ati%ns %utsi*e t/e a:ial l%a* limitati%ns. re+eren'e is ma*e t% DNV-OS-F"01
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
isplacement controlled condition
5*2 Pipe members subGe'te* t% l%n(itu*inal '%mpressi)e strain Cben*in( m%ment an* a:ial +%r'e4 an*
internal %)er pressure s/all be *esi(ne* t% satis+y t/e +%ll%,in( 'riteri%n at all 'r%ss se'ti%ns0
,/ere0
Sd
? Desi(n '%mpressi)e strain. E2- C;->4
C=-";4
C=-"=4
C=-">4
C=-"<4
C=-"F4
1= DIt
"
;=. P
i
M P
e+
VS
Sd
V/S
p
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DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 45
p
min
? 6inimum internal pressure t/at 'an be '%ntinu%usly sustaine* ,it/ t/e ass%'iate* strain
/
? . Table <-= an* Table <-11
(,
? See Se'-1#-
5*: Pipe members subGe'te* t% l%n(itu*inal '%mpressi)e strain Cben*in( m%ment an* a:ial +%r'e4 an*
e:ternal %)er pressure s/all be *esi(ne* t% satis+y t/e +%ll%,in( 'riteri%n at all 'r%ss se'ti%ns0
G'i"ance n!%e )F
F%r DIt
"
M "#. t/e utilisati%n may be in'rease* pr%)i*e* t/at +ull s'ale testin(. %bser)ati%n. %r +%rmer e:perien'e
in*i'ate su++i'ient sa+ety mar(in in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/is stan*ar*- Any in'rease* utilisati%n s/all be supp%rte* by
analyti'al *esi(n met/%*s-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
System e++e'ts are n%rmally n%t present +%r l%'al bu'&lin( '%nsi*erati%ns an*. /en'e. t
"
s/%ul* be use*- H%,e)er. +%r
reelin(. a lar(e p%rti%n %+ t/e pipeline ,ill be e:p%se* t% similar 'ur)ature an* l%a* '%mbinati%n SaT s/all be use*
'%mbine* ,it/ t/e '%n*iti%n +a't%r %+ 0-F". yiel*in( unity. an* t/e n%minal t/i'&ness 'an be use* als% +%r t/is 'riteria-
T/e t/i'&ness an* yiel* stress )ariati%n al%n( t/e pipe. in parti'ular bet,een t,% pipe G%ints s/%ul* be e)aluate* in
a**iti%n t% t/is system e++e't-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
5)* A /i(/er pr%bability %+ +ailure '%rresp%n*in( t% a ser)i'eability limit state may be all%,e* *urin( t/e
installati%n p/ase pr%)i*e* t/at0
1 ai*s t% *ete't bu'&le are pr%)i*e*
1 repair %+ p%tential *ama(e is +easible an* may be per+%rme* *urin( layin(
1 bu'&le arrest%rs are installe* i+ t/e e:ternal pressure e:'ee*s t/e initiati%n pr%pa(atin( pressure-
Rele)ant resistan'e +a't%rs may t/en be 'alibrate* a''%r*in( t% t/e SBS re2uirements in Se'-"-
D &** Gl!6al 6'c0ling
&*) 3l%bal bu'&lin( implies bu'&lin( %+ t/e pipe as a bar in '%mpressi%n-
&*4 T/e e++e't %+ internal an* e:ternal pressures s/%ul* be ta&en int% a''%unt usin( t/e '%n'ept %+ an
e++e'ti)e a:ial +%r'e. see Se'-; 3;00- T/e pr%'e*ure is as +%r S%r*inaryT '%mpressi%n members in air-
&*8 Distin'ti%n s/all be ma*e bet,een l%a*-'%ntr%lle* an* *ispla'ement-'%ntr%lle* (l%bal bu'&lin(-
B%a* '%ntr%lle* (l%bal bu'&lin( '%n*iti%n is '/ara'terise* by t/at t/e applie* l%a* is in*epen*ent %n t/e
*e+le'ti%n %+ t/e pipeline
Displa'ement '%ntr%lle*. %r partially *ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* (l%bal bu'&lin( '%n*iti%n is '/ara'terise* by t/at
t/e maG%r part %+ t/e applie* l%a* is *epen*ent %n t/e *e+le'ti%n %+ t/e pipeline- E:pansi%n +%r'e *ue t% pressure
an* temperature are e:amples %+ su'/-
&*4 B%a*-'%ntr%lle* (l%bal bu'&lin( may be *esi(ne* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ DNV-OS-101 Desi(n %+
O++s/%re Steel Stru'tures. 3eneral CBRFD4-
&*# F%r *ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* (l%bal bu'&lin(. see E#00-
D 2** Fa%ig'e
2*) T/e submarine pipeline system s/all /a)e a*e2uate sa+ety a(ainst +ati(ue +ailures ,it/in t/e *esi(n li+e
%+ t/e system-
C=-#14
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Safety class
B%, 6e*ium Hi(/
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1
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 5%
2*: All%,able Desi(n Fati(ue Fa't%rs are (i)en in Table =-11-
2)* Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r +ati(ue 'al'ulati%nsIanalysis 'ause* by )%rte: in*u'e* )ibrati%ns %r *ire't
,a)e l%a*in( is (i)en in DNV-RP-F10= an* DNV-RP-F"0;-
G'i"ance n!%eF
N%te t/at DNV-RP-F10= assumes all +ati(ue *ama(e may be 'ause* by )%rte: in*u'e* )ibrati%ns- T/e all%,able
+ati(ue *ama(e rati% s/all be re*u'e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ F11-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
2)) T/e split bet,een t/e *i++erent p/ases %+ t/e *esi(n +ati(ue li+e as *es'ribe* in Table =-11 s/all be a(ree*
in t/e initiati%n p/ase %+ t/e pr%Ge't an* be base* %n t/e /i(/est sa+ety 'lass *urin( t/e li+etime-
G'i"ance n!%eF
F%r a pipeline ,/ere e-(- =0L %+ t/e *esi(n li+etime 'an be utiliJe* *urin( t/e installati%n an* ,/i'/ is 'lassi+ie* as
sa+ety 'lass me*ium C/i(/4 *urin( t/e %perati%nal p/ase t/is ,ill '%rresp%n* t% a *ama(e rati% %+ 10L C=L4 %+ t/e
%perati%nal li+etime-
A '%mm%n split bet,een installati%n. as lai* an* %perati%n is 10L. 10L an* F0L but *epen* %n t/e nee* +%r +ati(ue
'apa'ity in t/e *i++erent p/ases- F%r a pipeline restin( %n t/e seabe* ,it/ limite* nee* +%r +ati(ue resistan'e in t/e
%perati%n p/ase Ci-e- n% +ree spans %r burie* pipeline4. t/e split bet,een installati%n. as lai* an* %perati%n '%ul* be
F0L. 10L an* 10L-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
2)4 Re'%mmen* pra'ti'e +%r +ati(ue stren(t/ analysis is (i)en in DNV-RP-"0#- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r
en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns an* l%a*s is (i)en in DNV-RP-"0=-
D :** Frac%'re= s'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en% 9 an" F an" H;SC
:*) Pipeline systems s/all /a)e a*e2uate resistan'e a(ainst initiati%n %+ unstable +ra'ture-
:*4 T/e sa+ety a(ainst unstable +ra'ture is '%nsi*ere* satis+a't%ry i+ t/e re2uirements in Table =-1" are met-
:*8 Pipeline systems transp%rtin( (as %r mi:e* (as an* li2ui*s un*er /i(/ pressure s/all /a)e a*e2uate
resistan'e t% runnin( *u'tile +ra'tures- T/is may be a'/ie)e* by usin(0
1 material ,it/ l%, transiti%n temperature an* a*e2uate /arpy V-n%t'/ t%u(/ness
1 a*e2uate D@TT s/ear +ra'ture area
1 l%,erin( t/e stress le)el
1 use %+ me'/ani'al 'ra'& arrest%rs
1 by a '%mbinati%n %+ t/ese met/%*s-
Desi(n s%luti%ns s/all be )ali*ate* by 'al'ulati%ns base* up%n rele)ant e:perien'e an*I%r suitable tests-
Re2uirements t% +ra'ture arrest pr%perties nee* n%t be applie* ,/en t/e pipeline *esi(n tensile /%%p stress is
bel%, ;0L %+ +
y
-
G'i"ance n!%eF
O
"
is n%rmally in t/e li2ui* *ense p/ase *urin( n%rmal %perati%n %+ a pipeline- @/en *e'%mpresse*. O
"
,ill
'/an(e p/ase +r%m li2ui* t% (as. an* t/is *e'%mpressi%n be/a)i%ur is si(ni+i'antly *i++erent '%mpare* t% natural (as.
an* nee*s t% be a''%unte* +%r in runnin( *u'tile +ra'ture assessments +%r pipelines '%n)eyin( O
"
-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
:*4 6aterial meetin( t/e supplementary re2uirement +%r +ra'ture arrest pr%perties CF4 CSe'-< I"004 is
Ta6le #-)) All!1a6le Design Fa%ig'e Fac%!r
Safety %lass #ow $edium 1igh
DFF # > 10
Ta6le #-)4 Re<'ire$en%s %! 'ns%a6le +rac%'re
)/
Total nominal
strain
)ccumulated
plastic strain
l.n%m
0-;L
6aterials. ,el*in(. ,%r&mans/ip an* testin( are in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e
re2uirements %+ t/is stan*ar*
As an alternati)e (irt/ ,el*s all%,able *e+e't siJes may be assesse* a''%r*in(
t% Appen*i: A-
0-;L M
l.n%m
T/e inte(rity %+ t/e (irt/ ,el*s s/all be assesse* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: A
1-0L M
l.n%m
"4
Supplementary re2uirement CP4 s/all be applie*
%r "-0L M
p
14 T/e strain le)els re+ers t% a+ter NDT-
"4 T%tal n%minal strain in any *ire'ti%n +r%m a sin(le e)ent-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 5$
'%nsi*ere* t% /a)e a*e2uate resistan'e t% runnin( *u'tile +ra'ture +%r appli'ati%ns 'arryin( essentially pure
met/ane up t% F0L usa(e +a't%r. 1= 6Pa internal pressure an* #0 mm ,all t/i'&ness- F%r *ept/s *%,n t% 10
metres an* %ns/%re. t/e re2uire* /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't ener(y s/all be spe'ially '%nsi*ere*-
:*# F%r *uple: stainless steels an* 1#r martensiti' stainless steels %r %t/er materials sus'eptible t% HIS
l%'al stresses s/all be su++i'ient l%, t% a)%i* initiati%n %+ HIS- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r *esi(n %+ *uple:
stainless steels is (i)en in DNV-RP-F11"-
D )*** Ul%i$a%e li$i% s%a%e acci"en%al l!a"s
)**) T/e *esi(n a(ainst a''i*ental l%a*s may be per+%rme* by *ire't 'al'ulati%n %+ t/e e++e'ts imp%se* by
t/e l%a*s %n t/e stru'ture. %r in*ire'tly. by *esi(n %+ t/e stru'ture as t%lerable t% a''i*ents-
)**4 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n +%r ABS relate t% t/e %)erall all%,able pr%bability %+ se)ere '%nse2uen'es-
)**8 Desi(n ,it/ respe't t% a''i*ental l%a* must ensure t/at t/e %)erall n%minal +ailure pr%bability '%mplies
,it/ t/e n%minal +ailure pr%bability tar(et )alues in Se'-"- T/e %)erall n%minal +ailure pr%bability +r%m
a''i*ental l%a*s 'an be e:presse* as0
,/ere
P
+iVDi
is t/e pr%bability %+ +ailure +%r t/e *ama(in( e)ent i
P
Di
is t/e pr%bability %+ t/e *ama(in( e)ent i ,it/in a year
P
+.tar(et
is t/e tar(et pr%bability %+ +ailure ,it/in a year. see Se'-"
P
+.T
is t/e rele)ant tar(et n%minal +ailure pr%bability a''%r*in( t% Se'-"- T/e number %+ *is'retisati%n
le)els must be lar(e en%u(/ t% ensure t/at t/e resultin( pr%bability is e)aluate* ,it/ su++i'ient
a''ura'y-
)**4 T/e in/erent un'ertainty %+ t/e +re2uen'y an* ma(nitu*e %+ t/e a''i*ental l%a*s. as ,ell as t/e
appr%:imate nature %+ t/e met/%*s +%r *eterminati%n %+ a''i*ental l%a* e++e'ts. s/all be re'%(nise*- S%un*
en(ineerin( Gu*(ement an* pra(mati' e)aluati%ns are /en'e re2uire*-
)**# I+ n%n-linear. *ynami' +inite element analysis is applie*. it s/all be ensure* t/at system per+%rman'e
an* l%'al +ailure m%*es Ce-(- strain rate. l%'al bu'&lin(. G%int %)erl%a*in( an* G%int +ra'ture4 are a*e2uately
a''%unte* +%r by t/e m%*els an* pr%'e*ures applie*-
)**5 A simpli+ie* *esi(n '/e'& ,it/ respe't t% a''i*ental l%a* may be per+%rme* as s/%,n in Table =-1# usin(
appr%priate partial sa+ety +a't%rs- T/e a*e2ua'y %+ simpli+ie* *esi(n '/e'& must be assesse* %n t/e basis %+ t/e
summati%n ab%)e in %r*er t% )eri+y t/at t/e %)erall +ailure pr%bability '%mplies ,it/ t/e tar(et )alues in Se'-"-
D ))** O-alisa%i!n
))*) T/e submarine pipeline system s/all n%t be subGe't t% e:'essi)e %)alisati%n- T/e resi*ual +lattenin( *ue
t% ben*in( an* p%int l%a*s. t%(et/er ,it/ t/e %ut-%+-r%un*ness t%leran'e +r%m +abri'ati%n %+ t/e pipe. is n%t t%
e:'ee* #L. *e+ine* as0
C=-#;4
Ta6le #-)8 Si$(li+ie" "esign chec0 -ers's acci"en%al l!a"s
Prob. of
occurrence
<0
Safety %lass #ow Safety %lass
$edium
Safety %lass 1igh
_ 10
-"
A''i*ental l%a*s may be re(ar*e* similar t% en)ir%nmental l%a*s an* may be e)aluate* similar
t% 8BS *esi(n '/e'&
10
-"
E 10
-#
T% be e)aluate* %n a 'ase by 'ase basis
10
-#
E 10
-;
? 1-0
? 1-0
? 1-0
10
-;
E 10
-=
? 0-H
? 0-H
10
-=
E 10
->
A''i*ental l%a*s %r e)ents may be *isre(ar*e*
? 0-F
M 10
->
14 @/en +ailure m%*e is burstin( t/e pr%bability %+ %''urren'e s/%ul* be 1-" %r*er %+ ma(nitu*es l%,er. re+ Table "-=-
N%te t% table0 Stan*ar* in*ustry pra'ti'e assumes sa+ety +a't%rs e2ual t% 1-0 +%r an a''i*ental e)ent ,it/ a pr%bability %+ %''urren'e
less t/an 10
-"
,it/in a year an* sur)i)al %+ t/e pipeline is merely relate* t% a '%nser)ati)e *e+initi%n %+ '/ara'teristi' resistan'e- In
t/is stan*ar*. a''i*ental l%a*s an* e)ents are intr%*u'e* in a m%re (eneral '%nte:t ,it/ a lin& bet,een pr%bability %+ %''urren'e an*
a'tual +ailure '%nse2uen'e- F%r '%mbine* l%a*in( t/e simpli+ie* *esi(n '/e'& pr%p%ses a t%tal +a't%r in t/e ran(e 1-1-1-". ,/i'/ is
'%nsistent ,it/ stan*ar* in*ustry pra'ti'e interprete* as '%rresp%n*in( t% sa+ety 'lass 6e*ium +%r a''i*ental l%a*s ,it/ a pr%bability
%+ %''urren'e e2ual t% 10
-;
-
C=-#=4
P
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i
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i
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E
-------------------------------- 0-0# ?
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 5&
T/e re2uirement may be rela:e* i+0
1 a '%rresp%n*in( re*u'ti%n in m%ment resistan'e /as been in'lu*e*
1 (e%metri'al restri'ti%ns are met. su'/ as pi((in( re2uirements
1 a**iti%nal 'y'li' stresses 'ause* by t/e %)alisati%n /a)e been '%nsi*ere*
1 t%leran'es in t/e rele)ant repair system are met-
))*4 O)alisati%n s/all be '/e'&e* +%r p%int l%a*s at any p%int al%n( t/e submarine pipeline system- Su'/
p%int l%a*s may arise at +ree-span s/%ul*ers. arti+i'ial supp%rts an* supp%rt settlements-
D )4** Acc'$'la%e" "e+!r$a%i!n
)4*) A''umulate* plasti' *e+%rmati%n %+ pipe 'ause* by 'y'li' l%a*s lea*in( t% in'rease* *iameter %r %)ality
Crat'/etin(4 s/all be '%nsi*ere*- I+ t/e rat'/etin( 'auses in'rease* %)ality. spe'ial '%nsi*erati%n s/all als% be
ma*e %+ t/e e++e't %n bu'&lin( resistan'e-
)4*4 A''umulate* l%n(itu*inal *ispla'ement %+ t/e pipeline Cpipeline ,al&in(4 s/all be '%nsi*ere*- T/is
may %''ur *urin( start-upIs/ut-*%,n +%r0
1 pipeline s/%rter t/an t,% an'/%r len(t/s. %r
1 pipeline parts ,it/ )irtual an'/%r. an*
1 pipeline layin( %n seabe* sl%pe. %r
1 pipeline '%nne'te* t% pullin( +%r'e Ce-(- '%nne'te* t% SR4-
D )8** Den%
)8*) T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n +%r impa't re+er t% an a''eptable *ent siJe- T/e ma:imum a''epte* rati% %+
permanent *ent *ept/ t% t/e pipe *iameter is (i)en in t/e +%ll%,in( 'riteri%n0
,/ere0
H
p
? permanent plasti' *ent *ept/
? usa(e +a't%r (i)en in Table =-1;- B%a* e++e't +a't%rs e2ual t% unity-
)8*4 @/en all%,in( +%r permanent *ents. a**iti%nal +ailure m%*es su'/ as +ati(ue an* '%llapse s/all be ta&en
int% a''%unt- Any bene+i'ial e++e't %+ internal %)er-pressure. i-e- Sp%p-%utT s/%ul* n%t be in'lu*e*- T/e bene+i'ial
e++e'ts %+ pr%te'ti)e '%atin( may be ta&en int% a''%unt- T/e impa't e++e'ti)eness %+ '%atin( s/all be *%'umente*-
E. S(ecial C!nsi"era%i!ns
E )** General
)*) T/is subse'ti%n (i)es (ui*an'e %n s'enari%s t/at s/all be e)aluate* separately- !%t/ t/e l%a* e++e'ts an*
a''eptan'e 'riteria are a++e'te*-
E 4** 9i(e s!il in%erac%i!n
4*) F%r limit states in+luen'e* by t/e intera'ti%n bet,een t/e pipeline an* t/e s%il. t/is intera'ti%n s/all be
*etermine* ta&in( *ue a''%unt +%r all rele)ant parameters an* t/e un'ertainties relate* t% t/ese-
In (eneral pipeline s%il intera'ti%n *epen*s %n t/e '/ara'teristi's %+ t/e s%il an* t/e pipeline. %n t/e entire
intera'ti%n /ist%ry sin'e an* in'lu*in( layin( an* %n t/e +ailure m%*e in 2uesti%n. ,/i'/ s/all all be pr%perly
a''%unte* +%r in t/e simulati%n %+ t/e pipeline s%il intera'ti%n-
4*4 T/e main s%il '/ara'teristi's (%)ernin( t/e intera'ti%n are t/e s/ear stren(t/ an* *e+%rmati%n pr%perties-
4*8 Pipeline '/ara'teristi's %+ imp%rtan'e are submer(e* ,ei(/t in all p/ases. *iameter. sti++ness. r%u(/ness
%+ t/e pipeline sur+a'e. an* initial embe*ment +r%m installati%n ,/i'/ s/all all be a''%unte* +%r as rele)ant +%r
t/e limit state in 2uesti%n-
4*4 All rele)ant l%a* e++e'ts s/all be '%nsi*ere*- T/is in'lu*es0
C=-#>4
Ta6le #-)4 Usage +ac%!r ./ +!r i$(ac%
'mpact fre*uency
/per year per .m0
3sage factor
_ 100 0
1-100 0-#
10
-;
-1 0-<
0= - 0
1
P
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 5'
1 l%a* *urati%n an* /ist%ry e++e'ts Ce-(- )aryin( )erti'al rea'ti%ns +r%m installati%n layin( pressures in
p%ssible '%mbinati%n ,it/ /%riJ%ntal m%ti%ns4
1 )ariati%ns in t/e unit ,ei(/t %+ t/e pipe Ce-(- empty. ,ater +ille* an* %perati%n '%n*iti%ns4
1 'y'li' l%a*in( e++e'ts Cb%t/ *ire'tly +r%m pipe as ,ell as /y*r%*ynami' l%a*s4
4*# al'ulati%n %+ s%il resistan'e +%r a *esi(n situati%n s/all be base* %n t/e ,%rst 'ase %+ /i(/ an* l%,
estimates %+ s/ear stren(t/ a++e'tin( t/e en* result +%r t/e *esi(n situati%n. as *es'ribe* in Se'-# #0=- @/ere
best estimate an* upper an* l%,er b%un*s %+ t/e s%il resistan'e are t% be *e+ine* t/ese s/all all relate t% t/e
,%rst 'ase s/ear stren(t/ *e+initi%n. but re+le't +%r all %t/er un'ertainties. su'/ as assumpti%ns %+ layin( e++e'ts
an* un'ertainties relate* t% sele'ti%n %+ 'al'ulati%n met/%*-
4*5 S%me s%ils /a)e *i++erent resistan'e )alues +%r l%n( term l%a*in( an* +%r s/%rt term l%a*in(. relate* t%
t/e *i++eren'e in *raine* an* un*raine* be/a)i%ur an* t% 'reep e++e'ts in *raine* an* un*raine* '%n*iti%n- T/is
s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt-
4*& F%r limit states in)%l)in( %r all%,in( +%r lar(e *ispla'ements Ce-(- lateral pull-in. pipeline e:pansi%n %+
e:pansi%n l%%ps. (l%bal bu'&lin( %r ,/en *ispla'ements are all%,e* +%r %n-b%tt%m '%n*iti%n4 t/e s%il ,ill be
l%a*e* +ar bey%n* +ailure. in)%l)in( lar(e n%n-linearities. rem%ul*in( %+ s%il. pl%u(/in( %+ s%il et'- Su'/ n%n-
linear e++e'ts an* t/e un'ertainties relate* t% t/ese s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
4*2 F%r pipelines t/at are burie* Ctren'/e* an*I%r '%)ere* by (ra)el4 an* sus'eptible t% (l%bal bu'&lin( t/e
upli+t resistan'e an* p%ssible in'rease* a:ial resistan'e s/all be '%nsi*ere*- T/e p%ssible e++e't %+ ba'&+ill
material +r%m tren'/in( s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
4*: Due t% t/e un'ertainties in (%)ernin( s%il parameters. l%a* e++e'ts. i*ealiJati%n %+ 'al'ulati%n m%*els
et'-. it is *i++i'ult t% *e+ine uni)ersally )ali* met/%*s +%r simulati%n %+ pipe s%il intera'ti%n e++e'ts- T/e
limitati%ns %+ t/e met/%*s use*. ,/et/er t/e%reti'ally %r empiri'ally base*. s/all be t/%r%u(/ly '%nsi*ere* in
relati%n t% t/e pr%blem at /an*- E:trap%lati%n bey%n* *%'umente* )ali*ity %+ a met/%* s/all be per+%rme* ,it/
'are. as s/all simpli+i'ati%ns +r%m t/e pr%blem at /an* t% t/e 'al'ulati%n m%*el use*- @/en lar(e un'ertainties
e:ist. t/e use %+ m%re t/an %ne 'al'ulati%n appr%a'/ s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
E 8** Gl!6al 6'c0ling
8*) F%r l%a* '%ntr%lle* (l%bal bu'&lin(. see D<00-
8*4 Displa'ement %r partially *ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* (l%bal bu'&lin( may be all%,e*- T/is implies t/at
(l%bal bu'&lin( may be all%,e* pr%)i*e* t/at0
1 pipeline inte(rity is maintaine* in p%st-bu'&lin( '%n+i(urati%ns Ce-(- l%'al bu'&lin(. +ra'ture. +ati(ue et'-4
1 *ispla'ement %+ t/e pipeline is a''eptable-
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is n%t su++i'ient t% *esi(n HPIHT pipelines +%r (l%bal bu'&lin( base* %n S,%rst 'aseT a:ial an* lateral s%il resistan'e
'%mbine* ,it/ *ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* l%'al bu'&lin( 'riteria %nly- T/ese upper an* l%,er b%un* s%il resistan'e
)alues ,ill typi'ally /a)e a pr%bability %+ e:'ee*an'e in t/e %r*er %+ a '%uple %+ per 'ent an* ,ill n%t al%ne pr%)e a
su++i'ient n%minal +ailure pr%bability- A m%re t%tal e)aluati%n %+ t/e +ailure pr%bability is. /en'e. re2uire*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*8 T/e pipeline may bu'&le (l%bally. eit/er *%,n,ar*s Cin a +ree span4. laterally CSsna&in(T %n t/e seabe*4.
%r )erti'ally Cas up/ea)al bu'&lin( %+ a burie* pipeline %r %n a +ree-span s/%ul*er %+ an e:p%se* pipeline4-
8*4 T/e +%ll%,in( (l%bal bu'&lin( initiat%rs s/all be '%nsi*ere*0
1 tra,l b%ar* impa't. pull%)er an* /%%&in(
1 %ut %+ strai(/tness-
8*# Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r stru'tural assessment %+ /i(/ pressureI/i(/ temperature pipelines is (i)en in
DNV-RP-F110-
E 4** Free s(anning (i(elines an" risers
4*) Spannin( risers an* pipelines s/all /a)e a*e2uate sa+ety a(ainst l%'al bu'&lin(. +ati(ue. +ra'ture an*
%)ality an* t/ese s/all be *%'umente*-
4*4 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r +ree spannin( pipelines is (i)en in DNV-RP-F10=- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e
+%r +ati(ue *esi(n %+ risers is (i)en in DNV-RP-F"0;-
E #** On 6!%%!$ s%a6ili%7
#*) T/e pipeline s/all n%t m%)e +r%m its as-installe* p%siti%n- T/is *%es n%t in'lu*e permissible lateral %r
)erti'al m%)ements. t/ermal e:pansi%n. an* a limite* am%unt %+ settlement a+ter installati%n- T/is applies +%r
t/e entire li+etime %+ t/e pipeline Cin'lu*in( metal l%ss *ue t% '%rr%si%n %r er%si%n4- T/e stability %+ t/e pipeline
s/all be *%'umente*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 51
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n %n permissible m%)ements may )ary al%n( t/e pipeline r%ute- E:amples %+ p%ssible
limitati%ns t% pipeline m%)ements in'lu*e0
- l%'al bu'&lin(. +ati(ue an* +ra'ture %+ pipe
- *eteri%rati%nI,ear %+ '%atin(
- (e%metri'al limitati%ns %+ supp%rts
- *istan'e +r%m %t/er pipelines. stru'tures %r %bsta'les-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*4 F%r ,ei(/t 'al'ulati%ns %+ t/e pipe. t/e n%minal ,all t/i'&ness s/all be re*u'e* t% '%mpensate +%r t/e
e:pe'te* a)era(e ,ei(/t re*u'ti%n *ue t% metal l%ss- F%r pipelines ,it/ min%r '%rr%si%n all%,an'e t/is
re*u'ti%n may be %mitte* an* t/e n%minal t/i'&ness use*-
#*8 T/e submarine pipeline system s/all /a)e a spe'i+i' (ra)ity su++i'ient t% a)%i* +l%atati%n- I+ a su++i'ient
l%, pr%bability %+ ne(ati)e bu%yan'y is n%t *%'umente*. t/e +%ll%,in( 'riteri%n applies0
@/ere0
,
? Sa+ety +a't%r %n ,ei(/t. 1-1
b ? bu%yan'y
@
sub
? Submer(e* ,ei(/t
#*4 Pipelines s/all /a)e a*e2uate sa+ety a(ainst sin&in(- Spe'ial '%nsi*erati%ns s/all /ere be ma*e t%
me'/ani'al '%mp%nents su'/ as )al)es an* TeeAs- I+ t/e s%il is. %r is li&ely t% be. li2ue+ie*. it s/all be
*%'umente* t/at t/e *ept/ %+ sin&in( ,ill be satis+a't%rily limite* Ceit/er by t/e *ept/ %+ li2ue+a'ti%n %r by t/e
buil*-up %+ )erti'al resistan'e *urin( sin&in(4-
G'i"ance n!%eF
I+ t/e spe'i+i' submer(e* ,ei(/t %+ t/e ,ater-+ille* pipe is less t/an t/at %+ t/e s%il. t/en n% +urt/er analyses are
re2uire* t% *%'ument sa+ety a(ainst sin&in(-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*# !urie* pipelines s/all /a)e a*e2uate sa+ety a(ainst +l%atati%n in s%il-
#*5 @/en t/e pipeline is r%ute* in areas t/at may be in+luen'e* by unstable sl%pes t/at '%ul* lea* t% sl%pe
+ailure an* +l%, %+ s%il t/at ,ill impa't t/e pipeline. t/e pr%bability %+ su'/ sl%pe +ailures s/all be e)aluate*-
Any rele)ant sl%pe +ailure tri((erin( e++e't. su'/ as ,a)e l%a*in(. eart/2ua&e l%a*in( %r man ma*e a'ti)ities
Ce-(- t/e pipe-layin( itsel+4. s/all be '%nsi*ere*- P%ssible +l%, rates an* *ensities at t/e pipeline s/all be
e)aluate* +%r stability- I+ stability 'ann%t be (uarantee* by su++i'ient ,ei(/t %+ t/e pipeline. by burial %+ t/e
pipeline %r by %t/er means. re-r%utin( %+ t/e pipeline s/all be re2uire*-
#*& T/e m%st un+a)%urable '%mbinati%n %+ simultane%usly a'tin( )erti'al an* /%riJ%ntal +%r'es %n t/e
pipeline s/all be '%nsi*ere*- @/en *eterminin( t/is un+a)%urable '%mbinati%n. t/e )ariati%n in +%r'es al%n(
t/e line. in'lu*in( *ire'ti%nality e++e'ts %+ ,a)es an* 'urrent. s/%ul* be a**resse*-
#*2 A:ial Cl%n(itu*inal4 stability s/all be '/e'&e*- T/e an%*e stru'tural '%nne'ti%n C,/en e:p%se* t%
+ri'ti%n. e-(-. pipelines ,it/%ut ,ei(/t '%atin(4 s/all be su++i'ient t% sustain t/e anti'ipate* +ri'ti%n +%r'e-
#*: Pipeline m%)ements *ue t% t/ermal a:ial e:pansi%n. s/all be all%,e* +%r near plat+%rmsIstru'tures Ce-(-
at riser tie-in p%int4 an* ,/ere t/e pipeline '/an(es *ire'ti%n Ce-(- at %++set sp%%ls4- T/e e:pansi%n 'al'ulati%ns
s/all be base* up%n '%nser)ati)e )alues +%r t/e a:ial +ri'ti%nal resistan'e-
#)* In s/all%, ,ater. t/e repeate* l%a*in( e++e'ts *ue t% ,a)e a'ti%n may lea* t% a re*u'ti%n %+ t/e s/ear
stren(t/ %+ t/e s%il- T/is s/all be '%nsi*ere* in t/e analysis. parti'ularly i+ t/e ba'& +ill '%nsists %+ l%%se san*.
an* in (eneral i+ t/e s%il '%nsists %+ silt %r san* ,it/ /i(/ silt '%ntent- !%t/ 'ases may be sus'eptible t%
li2ue+a'ti%n-
#)) I+ t/e stability %+ t/e pipeline *epen*s %n t/e stability %+ t/e seabe*. t/e latter s/%ul* be '/e'&e*-
#)4 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r stability %+ pipelines e:p%se* t% ,a)e an* 'urrent l%a*s is (i)en in DNV-RP-
F10H-
E 5** Tra1ling in%er+erence
5*) T/e submarine pipeline system s/all be '/e'&e* +%r all t/ree l%a*in( p/ases *ue t% tra,l (ear intera'ti%n.
as %utline* in Se'-; E-
5*4 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are *epen*ent %n t/e tra,lin( +re2uen'y Cimpa't4 an* t/e sa+ety 'lass-
5*8 Tra,l pull%)er l%a*s s/all be '/e'&e* in '%mbinati%n ,it/ %t/er rele)ant l%a* e++e'ts- Tra,l pull%)er s/all
be '%mbine* ,it/ (l%bal bu'&lin(- A''umulati%n %+ *ama(e *ue t% subse2uent tra,lin( is n%t n%rmally all%,e*-
C=-#<4
y
w
b
w
sub
+ b
1.uu
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 52
5*4 H%%&in( l%a*s s/all be '/e'&e* in '%mbinati%n ,it/ %t/er rele)ant l%a* e++e'ts- All rele)ant +ailures
m%*es s/all be '/e'&e*-
5*# Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r tra,l an* pipeline inter+eren'e is (i)en in DNV-RP-F111-
E &** Thir" (ar%7 l!a"s= "r!((e" !6Aec%s
&*) T/e submarine pipeline system s/all be *esi(ne* +%r impa't +%r'es 'ause* by. e-(- *r%ppe* %bGe'ts.
+is/in( (ear %r '%llisi%ns- T/e *esi(n may be a'/ie)e* eit/er by *esi(n %+ pipe. pr%te'ti%n %r means t% a)%i*
impa'ts-
&*4 T/e *esi(n 'riteria s/all be base* up%n t/e +re2uen'yIli&eli/%%* %+ t/e impa't +%r'e an* 'lassi+ie* as
a''i*ental. en)ir%nmental %r +un'ti%nal '%rresp%n*in(ly. see D1000-
&*8 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r ris& assessment %+ pipeline pr%te'ti%n is (i)en in DNV-RP-F10<-
E 2** Ear%h <'a0es
2*) T/e submarine pipeline system s/all /a)e a*e2uate resistan'e a(ainst eart/ 2ua&es-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e +%ll%,in( s'enari%s s/all typi'ally be '%nsi*ere*0
- B%'al bu'&lin(. '%llapse et'- %+ t/e pipeline *ue t% seabe* m%ti%ns an* m%)ements
- In*ire't e++e'ts Ce-(- 'ause* by m%)ements %+ se'%n*ary stru'tures4
- Failure %+ (ra)el supp%rts
- P%tential *ama(e +r%m mu*-sli*es-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
2*4 F%r *esi(n a(ainst eart/ 2ua&es. re+eren'e is (i)en t% ISO 1HH01-"-
E :** Ther$al ins'la%i!n
:*) I+ t/e submarine pipeline system is t/ermally insulate*.
1 it s/all be *%'umente* t/at t/e insulati%n is resistant t% t/e '%mbinati%n %+ ,ater. temperature an*
/y*r%stati' pressure-
1 It s/%ul* be *%'umente* t/at t/e resistant t% %il an* %il-base* pr%*u'ts. i+ rele)ant-
1 It s/all be *%'umente* t/at t/e re2uire* me'/ani'al stren(t/ t% e:ternal l%a*s. as appli'able-
1 De(ra*ati%n %+ t/e insulati%n *urin( '%nstru'ti%n an* %perati%n s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
E )*** Se%%ings +r!$ (l'gs
)**) Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r l%a*s +r%m plu(s is (i)en in DNV-RP-F11#-
E ))** 9i(e-in-(i(e an" 6'n"les
))*) F%r pipe-in-pipe an* bun*le '%n+i(urati%ns. a*)anta(e may be ta&en %+ %t/er l%a*in( '%n*iti%ns. e-(-
pressure '%ntainment +%r t/e %uter pipe- @/en *eterminin( t/e sa+ety 'lass. a*)anta(e may als% be ta&en %n
t/e re*u'e* +ailure '%nse2uen'es '%mpare* t% t/%se %+ %r*inary pipelines-
G'i"ance n!%eF
See Se'-1# +%r *is'ussi%n %n pipe-in-pipe-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
))*4 T/e '%mbine* e++e'ti)e +%r'e +%r a pipe-in-pipe %r a bun*le may be 'al'ulate* usin( t/e e:pressi%n in
Se'-; 3;00 +%r ea'/ '%mp%nent an* summin( %)er all '%mp%nents- T/e e:ternal pressure +%r ea'/ '%mp%nent
s/all be ta&en as t/e pressure a'tin( %n its e:ternal sur+a'e. i-e- t/e pressure in t/e )%i* +%r internal pipes-
Release %+ e++e'ti)e a:ial +%r'e by en* e:pansi%ns. lateral an*I%r )erti'al *e+%rmati%ns %r bu'&lin( *epen*s %n
/%, t/e pipes may sli*e relati)ely t% ea'/ %t/er- T/ere+%re. analysis %+ 'ases ,/ere t/e e++e'ti)e a:ial +%r'e is
imp%rtant. su'/ as analysis %+ e:pansi%n. bu'&lin( an* *ynami's. re2uires a''urate m%*ellin( %+ a:ial
restraints su'/ as spa'ers. bul&/ea*s et'-
F. 9i(eline C!$(!nen%s
F )** General
)*) T/is Subse'ti%n is appli'able t% pressure '%ntainin( '%mp%nents Ce-(- ben*s. +lan(es an* '%nne't%rs.
TeeNs. )al)es et'-4 use* in t/e submarine pipeline system- Supp%rtin( stru'ture re2uirements are (i)en in 3-
)*4 Desi(n %+ pipeline '%mp%nents s/all be a''%r*in( t% re'%(nise* '%*es '%mbine* ,it/ t/e a**iti%nal
re2uirements liste* in Table =-1=-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 53
)*8 Desi(n %+ pipeline '%mp%nents s/all als% '%mply ,it/ t/e material. manu+a'turin( an* test re2uirements
+%r '%mp%nents in Se'-F-
)*4 All pressure '%ntainin( '%mp%nents use* in t/e submarine pipeline system s/%ul* represent at least t/e
same sa+ety le)el as t/e '%nne'tin( riserIpipeline se'ti%n-
)*# T/e *esi(n pressure +%r t/e pipeline '%mp%nent s/all be /arm%nise* ,it/ t/e *esi(n pressure %+ t/e
submarine pipeline systems-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/is implies t/at t/e *esi(n pressure +%r t/e '%mp%nent s/all be sele'te* su'/ t/at it /arm%nises ,it/ t/e *esi(n an*
in'i*ental pressure in t/e submarine pipeline system- Di++erent *esi(n '%*es /a)e *i++erent *e+initi%ns %+ *esi(n
pressure. an* a t/%r%u(/ e)aluati%n %+ t/is s/all be per+%rme*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*5 T/e '%mp%nent s/all be *esi(ne* t% a''%mm%*ate t/e l%a*in( +r%m t/e '%nne'te* pipeline se'ti%n an*
)i'e )ersa ,it/ appr%priate sa+ety- I+ t/e '%*e use* in t/e *esi(n %+ a '%mp%nent *%es n%t ta&e int% a''%unt
+%r'es %t/er t/an t/e internal pressure. a**iti%nal e)aluati%ns. e-(- FE analyses a''%r*in( t%O AS6E VIII
Di)isi%n " I EN 1#;;= I PD ==00. are re2uire* in %r*er t% a**ress t/e ma:imum +%r'es t/at 'an be trans+erre*
t% t/e '%mp%nent +r%m t/e '%nne'tin( pipeline se'ti%ns un*er installati%n an* %perati%n-
T/e stren(t/ s/all. as a minimum be0
1 e2ui)alent t% t/e '%nne'tin( pipeline. %r
1 su++i'ient t% a''%mm%*ate t/e m%st pr%bable ma:imum 100-year l%a* e++e't t/at ,ill be trans+erre* t% t/e
'%mp%nent +r%m t/e '%nne'tin( pipeline un*er installati%n an* %perati%n. see Se'-;-
)*& T/e use %+ %t/er '%*es +%r stru'tural *esi(n an* '%nstru'ti%n may re2uire '%*e brea&s- T/e '%*e brea&
s/all be maintaine* +%r all p/ases Ci-e- n%t '/an(e* +r%m *esi(n t% '%nstru'ti%n p/ase4-
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e '%*e brea& bet,een line pipe an* t/e rele)ant '%mp%nent stan*ar* is l%'ate* at t/e
'%mp%nent ,el* ne'&. see Fi(ure ;- T/e '%*e +%r pipeline '%mp%nent s/all in'lu*e pipe se'ti%ns a++e'te* by t/e
presen'e %+ t/e '%mp%nent-
Ta6le #-)# Re+erence" s%an"ar"s +!r s%r'c%'ral "esign !+ c!$(!nen%s
%omponent !"ample of esign %odes
14
)dditional design
re*uirements
All %mp%nents liste* bel%,
"4
AS6E VIII Di)isi%n " I EN 1#;;= I PD ==00 F100
In*u'ti%n !en*s ISO 1==H0-1 F"00
Fittin(s Tees0 AS6E !#1-;. !#1-F F#00
Flan(es ISO 1==H0-#I ISO <00=-1 %r NORSOK B00= I EN 1=H1-1
Val)es ISO 1;<"# F;00
6e'/ani'al '%nne't%rs AS6E VIII Di)isi%n " I EN 1#;;= I PD ==00
P Insulatin( G%ints AS6E VIII Di)isi%n " I EN 1#;;= I PD ==00 F=00
An'/%r +lan(es N-A- see N%te
"4
!%ltin( AS6E VIII Di)isi%n " I EN 1#;;= I PD ==00
Pi( traps AS6E VIII Di)isi%n " I EN 1#;;= I PD ==00 F>00
Repair 'lamps. repair '%uplin(s an*
/%t taps
DNV-RP-F11# H%t tapNs0
API RP ""01
14 Ot/er re'%(nise* e2ui)alent '%*es may be use*-
"4 Re2uire* in 'ase t/e '%*e use* in t/e *esi(n %+ a '%mp%nent *%es n%t ta&e int% a''%unt +%r'es %t/er t/an t/e internal pressure.
see 10>-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 54
Fig're 4
C!"e 6rea0s 6e%1een %he line (i(e an" c!$(!nen% c!nnec%i!n
T/is pipe se'ti%n s/%ul* be minimum ; times t/e elasti' len(t/ %+ t/e pipeline se'ti%n at '%*e brea&. re+- DNV-RP-
"0# Appen*i: D- T/e len(t/ may be re*u'e* pr%)i*e* *etaile* analyses s/%,s n%minal pipe se'ti%n stresses at
s/%rter len(t/-
T/e elasti' len(t/ is *e+ine* as0
,/ere
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*2 T/e l%a* s'enari%s as *es'ribe* in Se'-; as ,ell as parti'ular l%a*s ass%'iate* ,it/ t/e '%mp%nent s/all
be analyse*- T/is implies t/at als% e:ternal /y*r%stati' pressure s/all be '%nsi*ere* in t/e *esi(n ,it/ respe't
t% b%t/ stren(t/ an* internal lea&a(e ,/en rele)ant-
)*: F%r material sus'eptible t% HIS. see Se'-> D=00-
))* Sealin( systems s/%ul* be *esi(ne* t% all%, testin( ,it/%ut pressurisin( t/e pipeline-
))) T/e pi((in( re2uirements in !111 an* Se'-# D10" s/all be '%nsi*ere* +%r t/e '%mp%nent-
))4 Transiti%ns in -6n an* l%, all%y steels ,/ere t/e n%minal material t/i'&ness %r yiel* stress is une2ual
s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AS6E ! #1-F Appen*i: I. Fi(ure I-= %r e2ually re'%(nise* '%*es- Transiti%n in -
6n linepipe by means %+ an e:ternal %r internal taper s/all be n% steeper t/an 10;- I+ transiti%ns t% t/ese
re2uirements are n%t +easible. a transiti%n pie'e s/all be inserte*-
))8 Transiti%ns in *uple: stainless steels an* 1#r martensiti' stainless steels s/all be su'/ t/at t/e l%'al
stresses ,ill n%t initiate HIS- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r *esi(n %+ *uple: stainless steels is (i)en in DNV-
RP-F11"-
))4 Internal transiti%ns bet,een *i++erent ,all t/i'&nesses an* internal *iameters +%r (irt/ ,el*s in pipes %+
e2ual S6RS may be ma*e in t/e base material pr%)i*e* ra*i%(rap/i' e:aminati%n %nly is spe'i+ie*-
))# F%r ,el*s t% be e:amine* by ultras%ni' testin(. transiti%n taperin( in t/e base material s/%ul* be a)%i*e*-
I+ taperin( is una)%i*able t/e pipe en*s s/all be ma'/ine* t% pr%)i*e parallel e:ternal an* internal sur+a'es
be+%re t/e start %+ t/e taper- T/e len(t/ %+ t/e parallel sur+a'es s/all at least be su++i'ient t% all%, s'annin( +r%m
t/e e:ternal sur+a'e an* su++i'ient +%r t/e re2uire* re+le'ti%n %++ t/e parallel internal sur+a'e-
))5 Spe'i+i'ati%ns +%r installati%n an* ma&e-up %+ t/e '%mp%nent s/all be establis/e*-
))& F%r pressure testin( re2uirements %+ '%mp%nents. see Se'-F-
=-#F
r ? ra*ius t% mi* sur+a'e %+ t/e pipeline *imensi%n.
t ? @all t/i'&ness %+ t/e pipeline.
? P%iss%nAs rati%-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 55
F 4** ;n"'c%i!n 6en"s
4*) T/is Stan*ar* *%es n%t pr%)i*e any limit state 'riteria +%r pipeline ben*s-
G'i"ance n!%eF
!en*s e:p%se* t% ben*in( m%ments be/a)e *i++erently +r%m strai(/t pipes- O)alisati%n be'%mes t/e +irst %r*er %+
*e+%rmati%n an* '/an(es t/e stress pattern '%nsi*erably '%mpare* t% strai(/t pipes-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 As an alternati)e t% re'%(nise* '%*es t/e +%ll%,in( simpli+ie* All%,able Stress Desi(n CASD4 '/e'&
may be use* pr%)i*e* t/at0
1 T/e pressure '%ntainment 'riteri%n in D"00 is +ul+ille*-
1 T/e applie* m%ment an* a:ial l%a* 'an be '%nsi*ere* *ispla'ement '%ntr%lle*-
1 T/e ben* is e:p%se* t% internal %)er pressure %r t/at t/e ben* /as n% p%tential +%r '%llapse- T/is 'an be
'%nsi*ere* +ul+ille* i+ t/e system '%llapse *esi(n 'apa'ity is t/ree times t/e e:ternal %)erpressure in
2uesti%n- T/e e:ternal pressure *i++erential +%r t/e '%llapse limit state. p
e
- p
min
. s/all /en'e be multiplie*
by a +a't%r %+ # in E2 =-1;-
1 T/at t/e imp%se* s/ape *ist%rti%n Ce-(- %)alisati%n4 is a''eptable-
T/e ASD 'riteria rea*0
,/ere
? usa(e +a't%r as (i)en by Table =-1>
p
i
? *esi(n pressure in line ,it/ ISO 1#>"#
N ? pipe ,all +%r'e
6 ? ben*in( m%ment. t/e m%st 'riti'al %+ tensile %r '%mpressi)e si*e s/all be use*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e %)alisati%n %+ t/e ben* /as typi'ally t% be *etermine* by +inite element 'al'ulati%n- T/e a''eptable *ist%rti%n ,ill
typi'ally (%)erne* by t/e bullet p%ints in DH00-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
F 8** Fi%%ings
8*) Tees s/all be %+ t/e e:tru*e* %utlet. inte(ral rein+%r'ement type- T/e *esi(n s/all be a''%r*in( t% AS6E
!#1-;. !#1-F %r e2ui)alent-
8*4 !ars %+ barre* tees s/%ul* n%t be ,el*e* *ire'tly t% t/e /i(/ stress areas ar%un* t/e e:trusi%n ne'&- It is
re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e bars trans)erse t% t/e +l%, *ire'ti%n are ,el*e* t% a pup pie'e. an* t/at t/e bars parallel
t% t/e +l%, *ire'ti%n are ,el*e* t% t/e trans)erse bars %nly- I+ t/is is impra'ti'able. alternati)e *esi(ns s/%ul*
be '%nsi*ere* in %r*er t% a)%i* pea& stresses at t/e en*s-
8*8 @yes- an* tees ,/ere t/e a:is %+ t/e %utlet is n%t perpen*i'ular t% t/e a:is %+ t/e run Clateral tees4 s/all
n%t be *esi(ne* t% AS6E !#1-; %r !#1-F. as t/ese items re2uire spe'ial '%nsi*erati%n. i-e- *esi(n by +inite
element analysis-
8*4 Stan*ar* butt ,el*in( +ittin(s '%mplyin( ,it/ ANSI !1>-H. 6SS SP-<= %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*s may be
use* pr%)i*e* t/at0
e
Z +
y
C=-#H4
V
l
V Z +
y
C=-;04
C=-;14
C=-;"4
C=-;#4
Ta6le #-)5 Usage +ac%!rs +!r e<'i-alen% s%ress chec0
Safety class
#ow $edium 1igh
1-00 0-H0 0-F0
" " "
#
hl l h l h e
+ +
( )
"
"
" t
t
p p
e i h
t
$
t t
4
l
+
=
#"
4 4 " C C 4 C
;
"
;
" "
a
is t/e a'tual %utsi*e *iameter a+ter siJin(
b
is t/e a'tual %utsi*e *iameter be+%re siJin(-
T/e a'tual %utsi*e *iameter s/%ul* be measure* ,it/ a tape measure Ci-e- perimeter as an a)era(e %+ all p%ssible
*iameters4- T/e siJin( rati% s/%ul* be '/e'&e* e)ery s/i+t. pre+erably at b%t/ en*s %+ t/e pipe- 6R
888 T/e siJin( rati% %+ '%l* e:pan*e* pipe s/%ul* be ,it/in t/e ran(e 0-00# M s
r
0-01=- E:pansi%n s/all
n%t intr%*u'e /i(/ l%'al *e+%rmati%ns-
884 Pipes may be '%l* siJe* t% t/eir +inal *imensi%ns by e:pansi%n %r re*u'ti%n- T/is s/all n%t pr%*u'e
e:'essi)e permanent strain- T/e siJin( rati%. s
r .
s/all n%t e:'ee* 0-01= i+ n% subse2uent /eat treatment %r %nly
/eat treatment %+ t/e ,el* area is per+%rme*-
88# T/e siJin( rati%. s
r .
+%r '%l* siJin( %+ pipe en*s s/all n%t e:'ee* 0-01= unless t/e entire pipe en*s are
subse2uently stress relie)e*-
&inish of pipe ends
885 Pipe en*s s/%ul* be 'ut s2uare an* be +ree +r%m burrs- 6R
88& T/e internal ,el* bea* s/all be (r%un* t% a /ei(/t %+ 0 t% 0-= mm +%r a *istan'e %+ at least 100 mm at
b%t/ pipe en*s- T/is re2uirement is n%t appli'able t% HF@ pipes-
Ta6le &-) C-Mn s%eels= acce(%a6le $an'+ac%'ring r!'%es
Type of
pipe
Starting $aterial Pipe forming &inal heat treatment elivery
condition
14
S6BS In(%t. bl%%m %r billet
N%rmalisin( +%rmin( N%ne N
H%t +%rmin(
N%rmalisin( %r 5T
"4
N %r 5
H%t +%rmin( an* '%l* +inis/in( N %r 5
HF@
N%rmalisin( r%lle* strip
%l* +%rmin(
N%rmalisin( %+ ,el* area N
T/erm%-me'/ani'al r%lle* strip
Heat treatin( %+ ,el* area 6
Heat treatin( %+ ,el* area
an* stress relie)in( %+
entire pipe
6
H%t r%lle* %r n%rmalisin( r%lle*
strip
%l* +%rmin(
N%rmalisin( %+ entire
pipe
N
5T
"4
%+ entire pipe 5
%l* +%rmin( an* /%t re*u'ti%n
un*er '%ntr%lle* temperature.
resultin( in a n%rmalise* '%n*iti%n
N%ne
N
%l* +%rmin( +%ll%,e* by
t/erm%me'/ani'al +%rmin( %+ pipe
6
SA@
N%rmalise* %r n%rmalisin(
r%lle* plate %r strip
%l* +%rmin(
N%ne. unless re2uire*
*ue t% *e(ree %+ '%l*
+%rmin(
N
T/erm%-me'/ani'al r%lle*
plate %r strip
6
5T
"4
plate %r strip 5
As-r%lle*. 5T
"4
. n%rmalise* %r
n%rmalisin( r%lle* plate %r strip
N%rmalisin( +%rmin( N%ne N
%l* +%rmin(
N%rmalisin( N
5T
"4
5
4otes
14 T/e *eli)ery '%n*iti%ns are0 SN%rmalise*T *en%te* N. S5uen'/e* an* Tempere*T. *en%te* 5. an* ST/erm%me'/ani'al r%lle* %r
+%rme*T. *en%te* 6-
"4 5uen'/e* an* Tempere*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $$$
882 T/e %utsi*e ,el* bea* s/all be (r%un* t% a /ei(/t %+ ma:imum 0-= mm +%r a *istan'e %+ at least "=0 mm
at b%t/ pipe en*s- T/e transiti%n t% t/e base materialIpipe b%*y s/all be sm%%t/ an* ,it/%ut a n%ti'eable step-
6R
88: I+ a(ree*. internal ma'/inin( %r (rin*in( may be 'arrie* %ut- In 'ase %+ ma'/inin(. t/e +%ll%,in(
re2uirements s/all be a*/ere* t%0
1 i+ re2uire* in t/e pur'/ase %r*er t/e internal taper s/all be l%'ate* at a *e+ine* minimum *istan'e +r%m
+uture be)el t% +a'ilitate 8T %r A8T
1 t/e an(le %+ t/e internal taper. measure* +r%m t/e l%n(itu*inal a:is s/all n%t e:'ee* <-0] +%r ,el*e* pipe-
F%r S6BS pipe t/e ma:imum an(le %+ t/e internal taper s/all be as (i)en in Table <-"- 6R
2ointers and strip end welds
84* 7%inters s/%ul* n%t be use*-
84) I+ use*. t/e G%inter 'ir'um+erential ,el* s/all be 2uali+ie* a''%r*in( t% t/e re2uirements +%r pipeline (irt/
,el*s (i)en in Appen*i: - Pr%*u'ti%n testin( re2uirements +%r G%inters s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO #1F#-
Ot/er manu+a'turin( re2uirements s/all '%mply ,it/ Anne: A %+ ISO #1F#-
844 Apart +r%m linepipe supplie* as '%ile* tubin(. strip I plate en* ,el*s s/%ul* n%t be permitte*- 6R
848 I+ use*. see !#;1. strip I plate en* ,el*s s/all '%mply ,it/ all appli'able re2uirements in ISO #1F#-
Re(processing
844 In 'ase any me'/ani'al tests +ail *urin( pr%*u'ti%n %+ pipe +r%m *eli)ery '%n*iti%n N %r 5. it is
a''eptable t% '%n*u't %ne re-/eat treatment 'y'le %+ t/e entire test unit- All me'/ani'al testin( s/all be repeate*
a+ter re-/eat treatment- N% re-pr%'essin( is all%,e* %+ *eli)ery '%n*iti%n 6 material unless %t/er,ise a(ree*-
AR
Traceability
84# A system +%r tra'eability %+ t/e /eat number. /eat treatment bat'/ an* test unit number an* t/e re'%r*s
+r%m all re2uire* tests t% ea'/ in*i)i*ual pipe s/all be establis/e* an* *es'ribe* in t/e 6PS Csee A<0"4-
Re2uire* repairs an* re'%r*s %+ *imensi%nal testin( an* all %t/er re2uire* inspe'ti%ns s/all be in'lu*e*- are
s/all be e:er'ise* *urin( st%ra(e an* /an*lin( t% preser)e t/e i*enti+i'ati%n %+ materials- 6R
3 4** Acce(%ance cri%eria
%hemical composition
4*) T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%ns (i)en in Table <-# are appli'able t% pipes ,it/ *eli)ery '%n*iti%n N %r 5
Cn%rmalise* %r 2uen'/e* an* tempere* a''%r*in( t% Table <-14. ,it/ n%minal ,all t/i'&ness t "= mm-
4*4 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%ns (i)en in Table <-; are appli'able t% pipes ,it/ *eli)ery '%n*iti%n 6
Ct/erm%me'/ani'al +%rme* %r r%lle* a''%r*in( t% Table <-14. ,it/ n%minal t/i'&ness t #= mm- 6R
4*8 F%r pipes ,it/ n%minal ,all t/i'&ness lar(er t/an t/e limits in*i'ate* in !;01 an* !;0". t/e '/emi'al
'%mp%siti%n s/all be subGe't t% a(reement-
4*4 F%r pipe ,it/ a 'arb%n '%ntent 0-1"L Cpr%*u't analysis4. 'arb%n e2ui)alents s/all be *etermine* usin(
t/e P
'm
+%rmula as (i)en in Table <-# an* Table <-;- I+ t/e /eat analysis +%r b%r%n is less t/an 0-000=L. t/en
it is n%t ne'essary +%r t/e pr%*u't analysis t% in'lu*e b%r%n. an* t/e b%r%n '%ntent may be '%nsi*ere* t% be Jer%
+%r t/e P
'm
'al'ulati%n-
4*# F%r pipe ,it/ a 'arb%n '%ntent _ 0-1"L Cpr%*u't analysis4 'arb%n e2ui)alents s/all be *etermine* usin(
t/e %! +%rmula as (i)en in Table <-#-
Tensile properties
4*5 T/e tensile pr%perties s/all be as (i)en in Table <-=-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
T/e el%n(ati%n re2uirements in Table <-= are base* %n a +%rmula i*enti'al in API =B. ISO #1F# an* DNV-OS-F101-
T/e +%rmula is 'alibrate* +%r use ,it/ tensile test spe'imens prepare* a''%r*in( t% AST6 A#<0 Ci-e- API test
spe'imens4- It s/%ul* be n%te* t/at t/e same material teste* ,it/ spe'imens base* %n AST6 A#<0 an* ISO >FH" 'an
(i)e *i++erent el%n(ati%n results *ue t% t/e *i++erent spe'imen (e%metries-
Ta6le &-4 Ma,i$'$ angle !+ in%ernal %a(er +!r
SMS (i(e
6all thic.ness t CmmD $a". angle of taper CED
M 10-= <-0
10-= t M 1;-0 H-=
1;-0 t M 1<-0 11-0
1<-0 1;-0
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $$&
In (eneral it s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere* t% use AST6 A#<0 spe'imens +%r n%rmal tensile testin(. sin'e t/is ,%ul* (i)e t/e
best '%rresp%n*en'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in Table <-=-
Tensile spe'imens base* %n ISO >FH" 'an be use*. but t/en t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria s/%ul* be re)ie,e*- S%me %pti%ns
areO Ci4 use t/e )alues +r%m Table <-=. Cii4 *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n per+%rm a number %+ tests %n b%t/ types %+ spe'imens
t% establis/ an empiri'al '%rresp%n*en'e +%r t/e spe'i+i' material %r Ciii4 *e+ine el%n(ati%n 'riteria base* %n rele)ant
testin( e:perien'e an* e:istin( *%'umentati%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
T/ere is in'reasin( interest am%n( %perat%rs an* installati%n '%ntra't%rs +%r *i(italIele'tr%ni' )ersi%n %+ t/e stress-
strain 'ur)es- T/e a*)anta(e %+ *i(itally st%re* tensile test *ata is t/e ease %+ +urt/er analysis an* use in 'al'ulati%ns
E b%t/ statisti'al +%r a pr%*u'ti%n run an* als% in l%a*Istrain simulati%ns-
6anu+a'turers s/%ul* ma&e preparati%ns in 'ase a pr%Ge't-spe'i+i' re2uirement is in'lu*e* in a '%ntra't %r
spe'i+i'ati%n- As a minimum all tensile tests *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n s/%ul* be st%re* an* transmitte* ele'tr%ni'ally-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*& F%r trans)erse ,el* tensile testin(. t/e ultimate tensile stren(t/ s/all be at least e2ual t% t/e S6TS-
1ardness
4*2 T/e /ar*ness in t/e !ase 6aterial C!64. @el* 6etal C@64 an* t/e Heat A++e'te* U%ne CHAU4 s/all
'%mply ,it/ Table <-=- AR
%;4 impact test
4*: Re2uirements +%r /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't pr%perties +%r linepipe !6. @6 an* HAU are (i)en in Table
<-=- T/ese )alues s/all be met ,/en teste* at t/e temperatures (i)en in Table <->- 6R
4)* Testin( %+ /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't pr%perties s/all. in (eneral. be per+%rme* %n test spe'imens 10 10
mm- @/ere test pie'es %+ ,i*t/ M 10 mm are use*. t/e measure* a)era(e impa't ener(y CKV
m
4 an* t/e test
pie'e 'r%ss-se'ti%n measure* un*er t/e n%t'/ CA4 Cmm
"
4 s/all be rep%rte*- F%r '%mparis%n ,it/ t/e )alues in
Table <-=. t/e measure* ener(y s/all be '%n)erte* t% t/e impa't ener(y CKV4 in 7%ules usin( t/e +%rmula0
AR
4)) Fr%m t/e set %+ t/ree /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't spe'imens. %nly %ne is all%,e* t% be bel%, t/e spe'i+ie*
a)era(e )alue an* s/all meet t/e minimum sin(le )alue re2uirement- AR
&lattening test
4)4 F%r HF@ pipe ,it/ S6RS ;1= 6Pa an* ,all t/i'&ness 1"-< mm. t/ere s/all be n% %penin( %+ t/e
,el* be+%re t/e *istan'e bet,een t/e plates is less t/an >>L %+ t/e %ri(inal %utsi*e *iameter- F%r all %t/er
'%mbinati%ns %+ pipe (ra*e an* spe'i+ie* ,all t/i'&ness. t/ere s/all be n% %penin( %+ t/e ,el* be+%re t/e
*istan'e bet,een t/e plates is less t/an =0L %+ t/e %ri(inal %utsi*e *iameter-
4)8 F%r HF@ pipe ,it/ a DIt
"
_ 10. t/ere s/all be n% 'ra'&s %r brea&s %t/er t/an in t/e ,el* be+%re t/e
*istan'e bet,een t/e plates is less t/an ##L %+ t/e %ri(inal %utsi*e *iameter-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e ,el* e:ten*s t% a *istan'e. %n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e ,el* line. %+ >-; mm +%r D M >0-# mm. an* 1# mm +%r D >0-# mm-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Guided(bend test
4)4 T/e (ui*e*-ben* test pie'es s/all n%t0
1 +ra'ture '%mpletely
1 re)eal any 'ra'&s %r ruptures in t/e ,el* metal l%n(er t/an #-" mm. re(ar*less %+ *ept/. %r
1 re)eal any 'ra'&s %r ruptures in t/e parent metal. HAU. %r +usi%n line l%n(er t/an #-" mm %r *eeper t/an
1"-=L %+ t/e spe'i+ie* ,all t/i'&ness-
H%,e)er. 'ra'&s t/at %''ur at t/e e*(es %+ t/e test pie'e *urin( testin( s/all n%t be 'ause +%r reGe'ti%n. pr%)i*e*
t/at t/ey are n%t l%n(er t/an >-; mm-
C<-14
F;
F 10 F;
m
)
--------------------------------- ?
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $$'
Ta6le &-8 Che$ical c!$(!si%i!n +!r C-Mn s%eel (i(e 1i%h "eli-er7 c!n"i%i!n N !r E= a((lica6le +!r
sea$less an" 1el"e" (i(e.
S$9S
Product analysis+ ma"imum. wt.G
%arbon
e*uivalents
%
14
Si $n
14
P S ; 4b Ti 5ther
"4
%!
#4
P
'm
;4
Pipe ,it/ *eli)ery '%n*iti%n N Cn%rmalise* a''%r*in( t% Table <-14
";= 0-1; 0-;0 1-#= 0-0"0 0-010 N%te
=4
N%te
=4
0-0; N%tes
>.<4
0-#> 0-1H
F4
"H0 0-1; 0-;0 1-#= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0= 0-0= 0-0; N%te
<4
0-#> 0-1H
F4
#"0 0-1; 0-;0 1-;0 0-0"0 0-010 0-0< 0-0= 0-0; N%tes
>.<4
0-#F 0-"0
F4
#>0 0-1> 0-;= 1->= 0-0"0 0-010 0-10 0-0= 0-0; N%tes
>4
0-;# 0-""
F4
Pipe ,it/ *eli)ery '%n*iti%n 5 C2uen'/e* an* tempere* a''%r*in( t% Table <-14
";= 0-1; 0-;0 1-#= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0; 0-0; 0-0; N%te
<4
0-#; 0-1H
F4
"H0 0-1; 0-;0 1-#= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0; 0-0; 0-0; N%te
<4
0-#; 0-1H
F4
#"0 0-1= 0-;= 1-;0 0-0"0 0-010 0-0= 0-0= 0-0; N%te
<4
0-#> 0-"0
F4
#>0 0-1> 0-;= 1->= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0< 0-0= 0-0; N%tes
>.H4
0-#H 0-"0
F4
#H0 0-1> 0-;= 1->= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0< 0-0= 0-0; N%tes
>.H4
0-;0 0-"1
F4
;1= 0-1> 0-;= 1->= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0F 0-0= 0-0; N%tes
>.H4
0-;1 0-""
F4
;=0 0-1> 0-;= 1->= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0H 0-0= 0-0> N%tes
>.H4
0-;" 0-""
F4
;F= 0-1< 0-;= 1-<= 0-0"0 0-010 0-10 0-0= 0-0> N%tes
>.H4
0-;" 0-"#
F4
=== 0-1< 0-;= 1-F= 0-0"0 0-010 0-10 0-0> 0-0> N%tes
>.H4
As a(ree*
4otes
14 F%r ea'/ re*u'ti%n %+ 0-01L bel%, t/e spe'i+ie* ma:imum +%r 'arb%n. an in'rease %+ 0-0=L ab%)e t/e spe'i+ie* ma:imum +%r
man(anese is permissible. up t% a ma:imum in'rease %+ 0-"0L-
"4 Al t%tal 0-0>0LO N 0-01"LO AlIN "01 Cn%t appli'able t% titanium-&ille* steel %r titanium-treate* steel4-
#4
;4
=4 T/e sum %+ t/e ni%bium an* )ana*ium '%ntents s/%ul* be 0-0>L-
>4 T/e sum %+ t/e ni%bium. )ana*ium. an* titanium '%ntents s/all be 0-1=L-
<4 u 0-#=LO Ni 0-#0LO r 0-#0LO 6% 0-10LO ! 0-000=L-
F4 F%r S6BS pipe. t/e liste* )alue is in'rease* by 0-0#. up t% a ma:imum %+ 0-"=-
H4 u 0-=0LO Ni 0-=0LO r 0-=0LO 6% 0-=0LO ! 0-000=L-
Ta6le &-4 Che$ical c!$(!si%i!n +!r C-Mn s%eel (i(e 1i%h "eli-er7 c!n"i%i!n M
.%her$!-$echanical +!r$e" !r r!lle" acc!r"ing %! Ta6le &-)/.
S6RS
Product analysis+ ma"imum. wt.G
%arbon
e*uivalent
%
14
Si $n
14
P S ; 4b Ti 5ther
"4
P
'm
#4
";= 0-1" 0-;0 1-"= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0; 0-0; 0-0; N%te
;4
0-1H
"H0 0-1" 0-;0 1-#= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0; 0-0; 0-0; N%te
;4
0-1H
#"0 0-1" 0-;= 1-#= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0= 0-0= 0-0; N%te
;4
0-"0
#>0 0-1" 0-;= 1->= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0= 0-0= 0-0; N%tes
=.>4
0-"0
#H0 0-1" 0-;= 1->= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0> 0-0F 0-0; N%tes
=.>4
0-"1
;1= 0-1" 0-;= 1->= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0F 0-0F 0-0> N%tes
=.>4
0-"1
;=0 0-1" 0-;= 1->= 0-0"0 0-010 0-10 0-0F 0-0> N%tes
=.>4
0-""
;F= 0-1" 0-;= 1-<= 0-0"0 0-010 0-10 0-0F 0-0> N%tes
=.>4
0-""
<4
=== 0-1" 0-;= 1-F= 0-0"0 0-010 0-10 0-0F 0-0> N%tes
=.>4
0-";
<4
4otes
14 F%r ea'/ re*u'ti%n %+ 0-01L bel%, t/e spe'i+ie* ma:imum +%r 'arb%n. an in'rease %+ 0-0=L ab%)e t/e spe'i+ie* ma:imum +%r
man(anese is permissible. up t% a ma:imum in'rease %+ 0-"0L-
"4 Al t%tal 0-0>0LO N 0-01"LO AlIN "01 Cn%t appli'able t% titanium-&ille* steel %r titanium-treate* steel4-
#4
;4 u 0-#=LO Ni 0-#0LO r 0-#0LO 6% 0-10LO ! 0-000=L-
=4 T/e sum %+ t/e ni%bium. )ana*ium. an* titanium '%ntents s/all be 0-1=L-
>4 u 0-=0LO Ni 0-=0LO r 0-=0LO 6% 0-=0LO ! 0-000=L-
<4 F%r n%minal ,all t/i'&ness t _ "= mm t/e 'arb%n e2ui)alent may be in'rease* ,it/ 0-01-
( ) ( )
<H
%u 4i
H
; $o %r
I
$n
% %!
+
+
+ +
+ + =
- H
<=
;
<H
$o
J=
%r
I=
4i
J=
%u
J=
$n
K=
Si
% P
cm
+ + + + + + + + =
- H
<=
;
<H
$o
J=
%r
I=
4i
J=
%u
J=
$n
K=
Si
% P
cm
+ + + + + + + + =
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $$1
&racture toughness of weld seam
4)# T/e measure* +ra'ture t%u(/ness s/all as a minimum /a)e a TOD )alue %+ 0-1= mm. ,/en teste* at
t/e minimum *esi(n temperature- AR
$acro e"amination of weld seam
4)5 T/e ma'r% se'ti%n s/all s/%, a s%un* ,el* mer(in( sm%%t/ly int% t/e base material ,it/%ut ,el*
*e+e'ts a''%r*in( t% App-D Table D-;- %mplete re-meltin( %+ ta'& ,el*s s/all be *em%nstrate* +%r *%uble
si*e* SA@ pipes- 6P5T ,el*s s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ ISO =F1< 5uality le)el - AR
4)& T/e misali(nment %+ t/e a:es %+ internal an* e:ternal ,el* seams an* t/e ,el* interpenetrati%n %+ *%uble
si*e* SA@ pipes s/all be )eri+ie* %n t/e ma'r% se'ti%n an* meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in Appen*i: D. Table D-;-
$etallographic e"amination of 1&6 pipe
4)2 T/e metall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n s/all be *%'umente* by mi'r%(rap/s at su++i'ient ma(ni+i'ati%n an*
res%luti%n t% *em%nstrate t/at n% *etrimental %:i*es +r%m t/e ,el*in( pr%'ess are present al%n( t/e ,el* line- AR
Ta6le &-# C-Mn s%eel (i(e= $echanical (r!(er%ies
9ield strength
R
t=+H
C$PaD
Tensile strength
Rm
C$PaD
Ratio
R
t=+H
/R
m
!longation
in H=.L mm
)
f
CGD
1ardness
C1;<=D
%harpy ;(notch
energy /F;T0 for
-$+ 6$ and 1):
<0
C2D
-$+ 6$ 1):
S$9S min. ma". min.
"4
ma". ma". min. ma". average $in.
";= ";= ;=0
#4
;1= <>0
0-H# N%te ;4
"<0
#00
"< ""
"H0 "H0 ;H= ;1= <>0 "<0 #0 ";
#"0 #"0 ="0 ;#= <>0 "<0 #" "<
#>0 #>0 ="= ;>0 <>0 "<0 #> #0
#H0 #H0 =;0 ;H0 <>0 "<0 #H ##
;1= ;1= =>= ="0 <>0 "<0 ;" #=
;=0 ;=0 =<0 =#= <>0 "<0 ;= #F
;F= ;F= >0= =<0 <>0 #00 =0 ;0
=== === ><= >"= F"= #00 => ;=
4otes
14 T/e re2uire* KVB Cl%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n spe'imens4 )alues s/all be =0L /i(/er t/an t/e re2uire* KVT )alues-
"4 I+ teste* in t/e l%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n. a minimum tensile stren(t/ =L less t/an t/e re2uire* )alue is a''eptable C*%es n%t apply
t% all ,el* tensile tests4-
#4 F%r pipe ,it/ spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter M "1H-1 mm. t/e yiel* stren(t/ s/all be ;H= 6Pa-
;4 T/e spe'i+ie* minimum el%n(ati%n in =0-F mm. )
+
. e:presse* in per'ent. r%un*e* t% t/e nearest per'ent s/all be as *etermine*
usin( t/e +%ll%,in( e2uati%n0
,/ere0
% is 1H;0 +%r 'al'ulati%ns usin( SI unitsO
)
P
is t/e appli'able tensile test pie'e 'r%ss-se'ti%nal area. as +%ll%,s0
- +%r 'ir'ular 'r%ss se'ti%n test pie'es. 1#0 mm
"
+%r 1"-< mm an* F-H mm *iameter test pie'esO an* >= mm
"
+%r >-; mm
test pie'es
- +%r +ull-se'ti%n test pie'es. t/e lesser %+ a4 ;F= mm
"
an* b4 t/e 'r%ss-se'ti%nal area %+ t/e test pie'e. 'al'ulate* usin(
t/e spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter an* t/e spe'i+ie* ,all t/i'&ness %+ t/e pipe. r%un*e* t% t/e nearest 10 mm
"
- +%r strip test pie'es. t/e lesser %+ a4 ;F= mm
"
an* b4 t/e 'r%ss-se'ti%nal area %+ t/e test pie'e. 'al'ulate* usin( t/e
spe'i+ie* ,i*t/ %+ t/e test pie'e an* t/e spe'i+ie* ,all t/i'&ness %+ t/e pipe. r%un*e* t% t/e nearest 10 mm
"
3 is t/e spe'i+ie* minimum tensile stren(t/. in 6Pa-
Ta6le &-5 C-Mn s%eel line(i(e= Char(7 D-n!%ch i$(ac% %es%ing %e$(era%'res T
*
.IC/
as a +'nc%i!n !+ T
$in
.IC/ .Mini$'$ Design Te$(era%'re/
4ominal wall Thic.ness /mm0 P'P!#'4!S and risers
t "0 T
0
? T
min
"0 M t ;0 T
0
? T
min
E 10
t _ ;0 T
0
? t% be a(ree* in ea'/ 'ase
H . 0
" . 0
3
)
% )
A%
f
=
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $$2
4): It s/all be )eri+ie* t/at t/e entire HAU /as been appr%priately /eat treate* %)er t/e +ull ,all t/i'&ness
an* t/at n% untempere* martensite remains-
1ydrostatic test
44* T/e pipe s/all ,it/stan* t/e /y*r%stati' test ,it/%ut lea&a(e t/r%u(/ t/e ,el* seam %r t/e pipe b%*y-
44) Binepipe t/at +ails t/e /y*r%stati' test s/all be reGe'te*- AR
444 F%r pipe 'lassi+ie* as '%ile* tubin(. t/e /y*r%stati' test %+ t/e +inis/e* '%ile* tubin( s/all be per+%rme*
at a pressure '%rresp%n*in( t% 100L %+ S6RS 'al'ulate* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e V%n 6ises e2uati%n an*
'%nsi*erin( H=L %+ t/e n%minal ,all t/i'&ness- Test pressure s/all be /el* +%r n%t less t/an t,% /%urs- AR
Surface condition+ imperfections and defects
448 Re2uirements t% )isual e:aminati%n per+%rme* at t/e plate mill are (i)en in App-D. Subse'ti%n 3-
Re2uirements +%r )isual inspe'ti%n %+ ,el*s an* pipe sur+a'es are (i)en in App-D H=00- 6R an* AR
imensions+ mass and tolerances
444 Re2uirements t% *imensi%ns. mass an* t%leran'es s/all be as (i)en in Subse'ti%n 3-
6eldability
44# I+ a(ree*. t/e 6anu+a'turer s/all supply ,el*ability *ata %r per+%rm ,el*ability tests- T/e *etails +%r
'arryin( %ut t/e tests an* t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be as spe'i+ie* in t/e pur'/ase %r*er-
445 I+ re2ueste*. t/e linepipe supplier s/all pr%)i*e in+%rmati%n re(ar*in( t/e ma:imum P%st @el* Heat
Treatment CP@HT4 temperature +%r t/e respe'ti)e materials- AR
3 #** ;ns(ec%i!n
#*) %mplian'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/e pur'/ase %r*er s/all be '/e'&e* by spe'i+i' inspe'ti%n in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ EN 10"0;- Re'%r*s +r%m t/e 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS an* %t/er *%'umentati%n s/all be in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in Se'-1"-
'nspection fre*uency
T/e inspe'ti%n +re2uen'y *urin( pr%*u'ti%n s/all be as (i)en in Table <-< an* t/e Fre2uen'y %+ testin( +%r
6P5T as (i)en in Table <-F- Re+eren'e t% t/e rele)ant a''eptan'e 'riteria is (i)en in t/ese tables- Pipes +%r
testin( s/%ul* be e)enly *istribute*. b%t/ t/r%u(/%ut t/e pr%*u'ti%n peri%* an* bet,een ,el*in( stati%ns- 6R
G'i"ance n!%eF
Pipes +%r pr%*u'ti%n testin( s/all be representati)e %+ all pipes pr%*u'e*- T/is means t/at sample pipes s/%ul* be
ta&en +r%m as many ,%r& s/i+ts as p%ssible C*istributin( t/e samplin( t/r%u(/%ut t/e pr%*u'ti%n peri%*4. an*
samplin( s/%ul* be r%tate* bet,een t/e *i++erent ,el*in( stati%ns-
It is n%t a''eptable pra'ti'e t% sele't %ne plate +r%m a number %+ /eats in %r*er t% '%n'entrate t/e pr%*u'ti%n %+ pipes
+%r samplin(-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*4 A test unit is a pres'ribe* 2uantity %+ pipe t/at is ma*e t% t/e same spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter an*
spe'i+ie* ,all t/i'&ness. by t/e same pipe-manu+a'turin( pr%'ess. +r%m t/e same /eat. an* un*er t/e same
pipe-manu+a'turin( '%n*iti%ns-
#*8 F%r '%ile* tubin(. all re2uire* me'/ani'al testin( in Table <-< s/all be per+%rme* at ea'/ pipe en* %r +%r
ea'/ /eat. ,/i'/e)er (i)es t/e /i(/est number %+ tests- Strip en* ,el*s +%r '%ile* tubin( s/all be teste*
a''%r*in( t% ISO #1F# Anne: 7- AR
#*4 Samplin( +%r me'/ani'al an* any '%rr%si%n testin( s/all be per+%rme* a+ter /eat treatment. e:pansi%n
an* +inal s/apin(- T/e number an* %rientati%n %+ t/e samples +%r me'/ani'al testin( are (i)en in Table <-H-
T/e samples s/all n%t be prepare* in a manner t/at may in+luen'e t/eir me'/ani'al pr%perties-
#*# In 'ase %+ lar(e 2uantities %+ l%n(itu*inally ,el*e* lar(e *iameter an* /ea)y ,all t/i'&ness pipe. ,/ere
t/e test unit is (%)erne* by t/e /eat siJe. it may be a(ree* t/at pipes +r%m se)eral /eats represents %ne test unit-
T/e +irst #0 000 t%ns s/all be teste* ,it/ a +re2uen'y a''%r*in( t% n%rmal pra'ti'e %+ t/is stan*ar*- A+ter
e:'ee*in( #0 000 t%ns. t/e bel%, testin( p/il%s%p/y may be applie*0
1 ea'/ test unit may '%nsist %+ pipes +r%m ma:imum # /eats
1 in 'ase %+ test +ailure. t/e test +re2uen'y s/all re)ert t% t/e n%rmal rate %+ testin( until a(ain #0 000 t%ns
,it/ satis+a't%ry results are *%'umente*-
Re(testing
#*5 In %r*er t% a''ept %r reGe't a test unit as a result %+ a test unit release +ailure. re-testin( s/all be '%n*u'te*
in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !=0< t/r%u(/ !=11-
#*& I+ a test +ails t% meet t/e re2uirements. t,% re-tests s/all be per+%rme* C+%r t/e +aile* test %nly4 %n samples
ta&en +r%m t,% *i++erent pipes ,it/in t/e same test unit- !%t/ re-tests s/all meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements-
T/e test unit s/all be reGe'te* i+ %ne %r b%t/ %+ t/e re-tests *% n%t meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $$3
#*2 T/e reas%n +%r t/e +ailure %+ any test s/all be establis/e* an* t/e appr%priate '%rre'ti)e a'ti%n t% pre)ent
re-%''urren'e %+ t/e test +ailures s/all be ta&en a''%r*in(ly-
#*: I+ a test unit /as been reGe'te*. t/e 6anu+a'turer may '%n*u't in*i)i*ual testin( %+ all t/e remainin(
pipes in t/e test unit- I+ t/e t%tal reGe'ti%n %+ all t/e pipes ,it/in %ne test unit e:'ee*s "=L. t/e test unit s/all
be reGe'te*- In t/is situati%n t/e 6anu+a'turer s/all in)esti(ate an* rep%rt t/e reas%n +%r +ailure an* s/all '/an(e
t/e manu+a'turin( pr%'ess i+ re2uire*- Re-2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS is re2uire* i+ t/e a(ree* all%,able )ariati%n
%+ any parameter is e:'ee*e* Csee AF0< an* AF0F4-
#)* Re-testin( %+ +aile* pipes s/all n%t be permitte*- I+ a pipe +ails *ue t% l%, VN )alues in t/e +usi%n line
CHAU4 %r ,el* line in HF@ pipe. testin( %+ samples +r%m t/e same pipe may be per+%rme* subGe't t%
a(reement- Re+er t% !#;; +%r re-pr%'essin( %+ pipe-
#)) I+ t/e test results are in+luen'e* by impr%per samplin(. ma'/inin(. preparati%n. treatment %r testin(. t/e
test sample s/all be repla'e* by a '%rre'tly prepare* sample +r%m t/e same pipe an* a ne, test per+%rme*-
1eat and product analysis
#)4 Heat an* pr%*u't analysis s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !- 6R
#)8 I+ t/e )alue %+ any elements. %r '%mbinati%n %+ elements. +ails t% meet t/e re2uirements. t,% re-tests s/all
be per+%rme* %n samples ta&en +r%m t,% *i++erent pipes +r%m t/e same /eat- I+ %ne %r b%t/ re-tests +ail t% meet
t/e re2uirements. t/e /eat s/all be reGe'te*- 6R
$echanical testing
#)4 All me'/ani'al testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: !- 6R
$etallurgical testing
#)# 6a'r% e:aminati%n an* metall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !-
1ydrostatic test /mill pressure test0
#)5 Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n E- 6R
4on(destructive testing
#)& NDT. in'lu*in( )isual inspe'ti%n. s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n F- AR an* 6R
imensional testing
#)2 Dimensi%nal testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% Subse'ti%n 3- 6R
Treatment of surface imperfections and defects
#): Sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns an* *e+e'ts s/all be treate* a''%r*in( t% App-D H#00- 6R
Ta6le &-& ;ns(ec%i!n +re<'enc7 +!r C-Mn s%eel line(i(e "'ring (r!"'c%i!n
)= 4/
)pplicable to: Type of test &re*uency of testing )cceptance criteria
All pipe
Heat analysis One analysis per /eat
Table <-# %r Table <-;
Pr%*u't analysis
T,% analyses per /eat Cta&en +r%m separate
pr%*u't items4
Tensile testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y
On'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re t/an =0I100
#4
pipes ,it/ t/e same '%l*-e:pansi%n rati%
Table <-=
VN impa't testin( %+ t/e pipe
b%*y %+ pipe ,it/ spe'i+ie* ,all
t/i'&ness as (i)en in Table ""
%+ ISO #1F#
On'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re t/an =0I100
=4
pipes ,it/ t/e same '%l*-e:pansi%n rati%
Table <-= an* Table <->
Har*ness testin(
On'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re t/an =0I100
#4
pipes ,it/ t/e same '%l*-e:pansi%n rati%
CAR4
Table <-=
Hy*r%stati' testin( Ea'/ pipe !;"0 t% !;""
Pipe *imensi%nal testin( See Subse'ti%n 3 See Subse'ti%n 3
NDT in'lu*in( )isual
inspe'ti%n
See Subse'ti%n F C6R an* AR4
See Subse'ti%n F
C6R an* AR4
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $$4
SA@B.
SA@H. HF@
Tensile testin( %+ t/e seam ,el*
C'r%ss ,el* test4
On'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re t/an =0I100
=4
pipes ,it/ t/e same '%l*-e:pansi%n rati%
C6R4
!;0> an* !;0<
VN impa't testin( %+ t/e seam
,el* %+ pipe ,it/ spe'i+ie* ,all
t/i'&ness as (i)en in Table ""
%+ ISO #1F#
On'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re t/an =0I100
;4
pipes ,it/ t/e same '%l*-e:pansi%n rati%
C6R4
Table <-= an* Table <->
Har*ness testin( %+ /ar* sp%ts
Any /ar* sp%t e:'ee*in( =0 mm in any
*ire'ti%n
App-D H=00
6a'r%(rap/i' testin( %+ seam
,el*
At least %n'e per %peratin( s/i+t
>4
!;1>
SA@B.
SA@H
3ui*e*-ben* testin( %+ t/e seam
,el* %+ ,el*e* pipe
On'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re t/an =0I100
#4
pipes ,it/ t/e same '%l*-e:pansi%n rati%
C6R4
!;1;
HF@
Flattenin( test As s/%,n in Fi(ure > %+ ISO
#1F# !;1" an* !;1#
6etall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n At least %n'e per %peratin( s/i+t
>4
!;1F an* !;1H C6R4
4otes
14 Samplin( %+ spe'imens an* test e:e'uti%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !- F%r tensile. VN. /ar*ness.
(ui*e*-ben* an* +lattenin( testin( Appen*i: ! re+ers t% ISO #1F# ,it/%ut a**iti%nal re2uirements-
"4 T/e number %rientati%n an* l%'ati%n %+ test pie'es per sample +%r me'/ani'al tests s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Table <-H-
#4 N%t m%re t/an 100 pipes ,it/ D =0F mm an* n%t m%re t/an =0 pipes +%r D _ =0F mm-
;4 N%t m%re t/an 100 pipes ,it/ 11;-# mm D =0F mm an* n%t m%re t/an =0 pipes +%r D _ =0F mm-
=4 N%t m%re t/an 100 pipes ,it/ "1H-1 mm D =0F mm an* n%t m%re t/an =0 pipes +%r D _ =0F mm-
>4 At least %n'e per %peratin( s/i+t plus ,/ene)er any '/an(e %+ pipe siJe %''urs *urin( t/e %peratin( s/i+t-
,/ere
? Spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter
Ta6le &-2 A""i%i!nal %es%ing +!r Man'+ac%'ring 9r!ce"'re E'ali+ica%i!n Tes% +!r C-Mn s%eel (i(e
)/
)pplicable to: Type of test &re*uency of testing )cceptance criteria
All pipe
All pr%*u'ti%n tests as state* in Table <-<
One test +%r ea'/ pipe
pr%)i*e* +%r
manu+a'turin(
pr%'e*ure
2uali+i'ati%n
=4
See Table <-<
!ase metal l%n(itu*inal tensile test
"4
. AR
S6BS pipe
#. ;4
,it/
t _ "= mm
VN testin( at ID %+ 2uen'/e* an* tempere*
seamless pipe ,it/ t _ "= mm AR
Table <-= an*
Table <->
@el*e* pipe Call
types4
All-,el* tensile test AR Table <-=
H4
Fra'ture t%u(/ness CTOD4 test %+ ,el* metal
>.
<4
AR
!;1=
A(ein( test
F4
. see A>0> AR Table <-=
4otes
14 Samplin( %+ spe'imens an* test e:e'uti%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !-
"4 A**iti%nal l%n(itu*inal test spe'imen is n%t ne'essary i+ alrea*y re2uire* by Table <-< an* Table <-H +%r pr%*u'ti%n testin(-
#4 Only appli'able t% pipe *eli)ere* in t/e 2uen'/e* an* tempere* '%n*iti%n-
;4 Samplin( s/all be " mm +r%m t/e internal sur+a'e. see App-! !#00-
=4 One pipe +r%m t,% *i++erent test units %+ *i++erent /eats s/all be sele'te* +%r t/e 6P5T. see AF00 Ca t%tal %+ " pipes4-
>4 TOD testin( is n%t re2uire* +%r pipes ,it/ t M 1# mm- TOD testin( is n%t re2uire* %+ HAU. %nly t/e 'entre %+ t/e ,el*-
<4 F%r HF@ pipe t/e testin( applies t% t/e +usi%n line C,el* 'entre line4-
F4 Only ,/en '%l* +%rmin( *urin( pipe manu+a'ture e:'ee*s =L strain-
H4 Only S6RS. S6TS an* el%n(ati%n applies-
,/ere
t ? spe'i+ie* n%minal ,all t/i'&ness
Ta6le &-& ;ns(ec%i!n +re<'enc7 +!r C-Mn s%eel line(i(e "'ring (r!"'c%i!n
)= 4/
.C!n%in'e"/
)pplicable to: Type of test &re*uency of testing )cceptance criteria
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $$5
C. C!rr!si!n Resis%an% All!7 .CRA/ ine(i(e
C )** General
)*) All re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n are appli'able t% ,el*e* an* seamless linepipe in *uple: stainless
steel an* seamless martensiti' 1#r stainless steel-
)*4 Austeniti' stainless steel an* ni'&el base* RA linepipe s/all be supplie* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a
re'%(nise* stan*ar* t/at *e+ines t/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n. me'/ani'al pr%perties. *eli)ery '%n*iti%n an* all
t/e *etails liste* in Se'-> an* as spe'i+ie* in t/e +%ll%,in(- I+ a re'%(nise* stan*ar* is n%t a)ailable. a
spe'i+i'ati%n s/all be prepare* t/at *e+ines t/ese re2uirements-
C 4** 9i(e "esigna%i!n
4*) RA linepipe t% be use* t% t/is stan*ar* s/all be *esi(nate* ,it/0
1 DNV
1 pr%'ess %+ manu+a'ture Csee A;004
1 (ra*e Csee Table <-10 %r 10". as appli'able4
1 supplementary re2uirement su++i: Csee A=004-
Ta6le &-: N'$6er= !rien%a%i!n= an" l!ca%i!n !+ %es% s(eci$ens (er %es%e" (i(e
)= 4/
)pplicable to: Sample location Type of test
6all thic.ness
JH mm @ JH mm
Specified outside diameter Specified outside diameter
B J<M.< mm J<M.< mm B J<M.< mm J<M.< mm
S6BS. n%t '%l*
e:pan*e* pipe
Pipe b%*y
Tensile 1B
#4
1B 1B
#4
1B
VN #T #T #T #T
Har*ness 1T 1T 1T 1T
S6BS. '%l*
e:pan*e* pipe
Pipe b%*y
Tensile 1B
#4
1T
;4
1B
#4
1T
;4
VN #T #T #T #T
Har*ness 1T 1T 1T 1T
HF@ pipe
Pipe b%*y
Tensile 1BH0
#4
1T1F0
;4
1BH0
#4
1T1F0
;4
VN #TH0 #TH0 #TH0 #TH0
Seam ,el*
Tensile 1 1@ 1 1@
VN #@ an* #HAU
=4
6R >@ an* >HAU
=4
6R
Har*ness 1@ 1@ 1@ 1@
Pipe b%*y an*
,el*
Flattenin( As s/%,n in Fi(ure > %+ ISO #1F#
SA@B pipe
Pipe b%*y
Tensile 1BH0
#4
1T1F0
;4
1BH0
#4
1T1F0
;4
VN #TH0 #TH0 #TH0 #TH0
Seam ,el*
Tensile 1 1@ 1 1@
VN #@ an* >HAU
>4
6R >@ an* 1"HAU
>4
6R
3ui*e*-ben* "@ "@ "@ "@
Har*ness 1@ 1@ 1@ 1@
SA@H pipe
Pipe b%*y
Tensile 1B
#4
1T
;4
1B
#4
1T
;4
VN #T #T #T #T
Seam ,el*
Tensile 1 1@ 1 1@
VN #@ an* >HAU
>4
6R >@ an* 1"HAU
>4
6R
3ui*e*-ben* "@ "@ "@ "@
Har*ness 1@ 1@ 1@ 1@
4otes
14 See Fi(ure = %+ ISO #1F# +%r e:planati%n %+ symb%ls use* t% *esi(nate %rientati%n an* l%'ati%n-
"4 All *estru'ti)e tests may be sample* +r%m pipe en*s-
#4 Full-se'ti%n l%n(itu*inal test pie'es may be use* at t/e %pti%n %+ t/e manu+a'turer. see Appen*i: !-
;4 I+ a(ree*. annular test pie'es may be use* +%r t/e *eterminati%n %+ trans)erse yiel* stren(t/ by t/e /y*rauli' rin( e:pansi%n test in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 A#<0-
=4 F%r t/e HF ,el* seam. @ means t/at t/e n%t'/ s/all be l%'ate* in t/e FB. ,/ile HAU means t/at t/e n%t'/ s/all be l%'ate* in FB
W" Csee Fi(ure > in Appen*i: !4-
>4 HAU means t/at t/e n%t'/ s/all be l%'ate* in FB an* FB W" Csee Fi(ure = in Appen*i: !4-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $$6
G'i"ance n!%eF
e-(- SDNV S6BS ""r DT *esi(nates a seamless ""r *uple: steel linepipe meetin( t/e supplementary re2uirements
+%r en/an'e* *imensi%nal re2uirements-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
C 8** Man'+ac%'ring
Starting material and steel ma.ing
8*) RA linepipe s/all be manu+a'ture* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e pr%'esses (i)en in A;0" usin( t/e ra,
materials state* in t/e 2uali+ie* 6PS. +%ll%, t/e same a'ti)ity se2uen'e. an* stay ,it/in t/e a(ree* all%,able
)ariati%ns- T/e manu+a'turin( pra'ti'e an* instrumentati%n use* t% ensure pr%per '%ntr%l %+ t/e manu+a'turin(
pr%'ess )ariables an* t/eir t%leran'es s/all be *es'ribe* in t/e 6PS-
8*4 All steels s/all be ma*e by an ele'tri' %r %ne %+ t/e basi' %:y(en pr%'esses-
Re*uirements to manufacture of pipe
8*8 In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements in #0; an* #0= bel%,. t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements (i)en +%r -6n
steel pipe are als% appli'able +%r RA pipes0
1 !#0;-#0> +%r seamless pipe
1 !#0<-#10 an* !#1#-#"0 +%r all ,el*e* pipes
1 !#"1-#"> +%r SA@ an* 6@P pipe
1 !##0-#;= +%r all pipe-
8*4 !e+%re +urt/er pr%'essin(. t/e slabsIin(%ts s/all be inspe'te* an* +ul+il t/e sur+a'e +inis/ re2uirements
spe'i+ie* in t/e 6PS-
Supply conditions
8*# Duple: an* austeniti' stainless steel pipe s/all be *eli)ere* in s%luti%n-anneale* an* ,ater-2uen'/e*
'%n*iti%n-
C 4** Acce(%ance cri%eria
%hemical composition
4*) T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ *uple: stainless steel an* martensiti' 1#r stainless steel parent materials
s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table <-10- 6%*i+i'ati%ns are subGe't t% a(reement- T/e limits an* t%leran'es +%r tra'e
elements +%r martensiti' 1#r stainless steels. i-e- elements n%t liste* in Table <-10. s/all be subGe't t%
a(reement-
$echanical properties
4*4 Re2uirements +%r tensile. /ar*ness an* /arpy V-n%t'/ pr%perties are (i)en in Table <-11- @el*ment
s/all meet t/e re2uirement +%r KVT impa't pr%perties- T/e /arpy V-n%t'/ spe'imens s/all be teste* at t/e
temperatures (i)en in Table <->-
4*8 In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements in ;0; an* ;0= bel%,. t/e +%ll%,in( a''eptan'e 'riteria (i)en +%r -
6n steel pipe are als% appli'able t% RA pipe Cas appli'able40
1 !;0< +%r trans)erse ,el* tensile testin(
1 !;10 an* ;11 +%r /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't testin(
1 !;1; +%r (ui*e*-ben* testin(
1 !;1= +%r +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( %+ t/e seam ,el*-
4*4 F%r t/e +lattenin( test %+ pipe ,it/ ,all t/i'&ness 1"-< mm. t/ere s/all be n% %penin( %+ t/e ,el*.
in'lu*in( t/e HAU. until t/e *istan'e bet,een t/e plates is less t/an >>L %+ t/e %ri(inal %utsi*e *iameter- F%r
pipe ,it/ ,all t/i'&ness M 1"-< mm t/ere s/all be n% %penin( %+ t/e ,el*. in'lu*in( t/e HAU. until t/e *istan'e
bet,een t/e plates is less t/an =0L %+ t/e %ri(inal %utsi*e *iameter-
4*# F%r pipe ,it/ a DIt
"
_ 10. t/ere s/all be n% 'ra'&s %r brea&s %t/er t/an in t/e ,el*. in'lu*in( t/e HAU.
until t/e *istan'e bet,een t/e plates is less t/an ##L %+ t/e %ri(inal %utsi*e *iameter-
$acro e"amination of weld seam
4*5 T/e ma'r% e:aminati%n %+ ,el* seam s/all meet t/e re2uirements in !;1> an* !;1<-
$icrostructure of duple" stainless steel
4*& T/e material s/all be essentially +ree +r%m (rain b%un*ary 'arbi*es. nitri*es an* intermetalli' p/ases
a+ter s%luti%n /eat treatment- Essentially +ree implies t/at %''asi%nal strin(s %+ *etrimental p/ases al%n( t/e
'entreline %+ t/e base material is a''eptable (i)en t/at t/e p/ase '%ntent ,it/in %ne +iel* %+ )isi%n Cat ;00P
ma(ni+i'ati%n4 is M 1-0L Cma:- 0-=L intermetalli' p/ases4-
4*2 T/e base material +errite '%ntent %+ *uple: stainless steel s/all be ,it/in t/e ran(e #=-==L- F%r ,el*
metal t/e +errite '%ntent s/all be ,it/in t/e ran(e #0->=L-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $&%
%orrosion resistance of duple" stainless steel
4*: T/e ma:imum all%,able ,ei(/t l%ss +%r "=r *uple: stainless steel is ;-0 (Im
"
+%r s%luti%n anneale*
material teste* +%r "; /%urs at =0]-
C #** ;ns(ec%i!n
#*) %mplian'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/e pur'/ase %r*er s/all be '/e'&e* by spe'i+i' inspe'ti%n in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ EN 10"0;. %r an e2ui)alent material inspe'ti%n s'/eme- Re'%r*s +r%m t/e 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e
6PS an* %t/er *%'umentati%n s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in Se'-1"-
'nspection fre*uency
#*4 T/e inspe'ti%n +re2uen'y *urin( pr%*u'ti%n an* 6P5T s/all be as (i)en in Table <-1" an* Table <-1#.
respe'ti)ely- Re+eren'e t% t/e rele)ant a''eptan'e 'riteria is (i)en in t/e tables-
#*8 A test unit is a pres'ribe* 2uantity %+ pipe t/at is ma*e t% t/e same spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter an*
spe'i+ie* ,all t/i'&ness. by t/e same pipe-manu+a'turin( pr%'ess. +r%m t/e same /eat. an* un*er t/e same
pipe-manu+a'turin( '%n*iti%ns-
#*4 Samplin( +%r me'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n testin( s/all be per+%rme* a+ter /eat treatment. e:pansi%n an*
+inal s/apin(- T/e samples s/all n%t be prepare* in a manner t/at may in+luen'e t/eir me'/ani'al pr%perties-
Re+er t% !=0= +%r re*u'e* +re2uen'y %+ testin( in 'ase %+ lar(e 2uantities %+ pipe-
#*# T/e number an* %rientati%n %+ t/e samples +%r S6BS an* SA@BISA@H pipe s/all be a''%r*in( t%
Table <-H-
#*5 F%r E!@ an* B!@ pipe. t/e number an* %rientati%n %+ t/e samples s/all be as +%r HF@ in Table <-H-
Ta6le &-)* D'(le,- an" $ar%ensi%ic s%ainless s%eel line(i(e= che$ical c!$(!si%i!n .C!n%in'e"/
!lement
<0
Product analysis+ wt.G
Grade
JJ%r duple"
Grade
JH%r duple"
Grade
<K%r ( J $o
Grade
<K%r ( J.H $o
0-0#0 ma: 0-0#0 ma: 0-01= ma: 0-01= ma:
6n "-00 ma: 1-"0 ma: - -
Si 1-00 ma: 1-00 ma: - -
P 0-0#0 ma: 0-0#= ma: 0-0"= ma: 0-0"= ma:
S 0-0"0 ma: 0-0"0 ma: 0-00# ma: 0-00# ma:
Ni ;-=0 - >-=0 >-00 E F-00 ;-=0 min >-00 min
r "1-0 - "#-0 ";-0 E ">-0 1"-0 min 1"-0 min
6% "-=0 E #-=0 #-00 E ;-00 "-00 min "-=0 min
N 0-1; E 0-"0 0-"0 E 0-#; - -
PRE - min- ;0
"4
- -
4otes
14 I+ %t/er all%yin( elements t/an spe'i+ie* in t/is table are bein( use*. t/e elements an* t/e ma:imum '%ntent s/all be a(ree* in
ea'/ 'ase-
"4 PRE ? LrW#-#L6%W1>LN-
Ta6le &-)) D'(le, an" $ar%ensi%ic )8Cr s%ainless s%eel line(i(e= $echanical (r!(er%ies
Grade
S$9S S$TS Ratio
$a"imum
1ardness
/1;<=0
!longatio
n in H=.L
mm
)
f
CGD
%harpy ;(notch energy /F;T0 for
-$+ 6$ and 1):
<0
C2D
$Pa $Pa R
t=.H
/ R
m
-$
6$
1):
$ean Single
""r ;=0 >"0 0-H" "H0 #=0
N%te
"4
;= #=
"=r ==0 <=0 0-H" ##0 #=0 == ;=
1#r-" 6% an*
1#r-"-= 6%
==0 <00 0-H" #00 na == ;=
4otes
14 T/e re2uire* KVB Cl%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n spe'imens4 )alues s/all be =0L /i(/er t/an t/e re2uire* KVT )alues-
"4 Re+- N%te ;4 in Table <-=-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $&$
#*& F%r 6@P pipe. t/e number an* %rientati%n %+ t/e samples s/all be as +%r SA@B pipe in Table <-H-
Retesting
#*2 Re2uirements +%r retestin( s/all be a''%r*in( t% !=0< t% !=11-
1eat and product analysis
#*: Heat an* pr%*u't analysis s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !-
#)* All elements liste* in t/e rele)ant re2uirementIstan*ar* s/all be *etermine* an* rep%rte*- Ot/er elements
a**e* +%r '%ntr%llin( t/e material pr%perties may be a**e*. subGe't t% a(reement-
#)) I+ t/e )alue %+ any elements. %r '%mbinati%n %+ elements. +ails t% meet t/e re2uirements. t,% re-tests s/all
be per+%rme* %n samples ta&en +r%m t,% *i++erent pipes +r%m t/e same /eat- I+ %ne %r b%t/ re-tests +ail t% meet
t/e re2uirements. t/e /eat s/all be reGe'te*-
$echanical testing
#)4 All me'/ani'al testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: !-
$etallographic e"amination
#)8 6etall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !-
%orrosion testing of duple" stainless steels
#)4 %rr%si%n testin( %+ "=r *uple: stainless steels a''%r*in( t% AST6 3;F s/all be per+%rme* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-! !"00- AST6 3;F testin( is n%t appli'able +%r ""r *uple: %r %t/er RAs ,it/ PRE
l%,er t/an ;0-
1ydrostatic test /mill pressure test0
#)# Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n E-
4on(destructive testing
#)5 NDT. in'lu*in( )isual inspe'ti%n. s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n F-
imensional testing
#)& Dimensi%nal testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% Subse'ti%n 3-
Treatment of surface imperfections and defects
#)2 Sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns an* *e+e'ts s/all be treate* a''%r*in( t% App-D H#00-
Ta6le &-)4 ;ns(ec%i!n +re<'enc7 +!r CRA line(i(e
)/
)pplicable to Type of test &re*uency of testing )cceptance
criteria
All pipe All tests in Table <-< appli'able t% SAll
pipeT
As (i)en in Table <-< Table <-10 an*
Table <-11
SA@B an* 6@P pipe All tests in Table <-< appli'able t%
SSA@BT
E!@ an* B!@ pipe
"4
Flattenin( test As s/%,n in Fi(ure > %+ ISO
#1F#
;0; an* ;0=
Duple: stainless steel pipe 6etall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n On'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re
t/an =0I100
#4
;0< an* ;0F
"=r *uple: stainless steel
pipe
Pittin( '%rr%si%n test CAST6 3;F
6et/%* A4
On'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re
t/an =0I100
#4
;0H
4otes
14 Samplin( %+ spe'imens an* test e:e'uti%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !- T/e number %rientati%n an*
l%'ati%n %+ test pie'es per sample +%r me'/ani'al tests s/all be a''%r*in( t% =0=-=0<-
"4 F%r E!@ an* B!@ pipes t/e testin( applies t% t/e +usi%n line-
#4 N%t m%re t/an 100 pipes ,it/ 11;-# mm D =0F mm an* n%t m%re t/an =0 pipes +%r D _ =0F mm-
,/ere
? Spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $&&
D. Cla" !r ine" S%eel ine(i(e
D )** General
)*) T/e re2uirements bel%, are appli'able t% linepipe '%nsistin( %+ a -6n steel ba'&in( material ,it/ a
t/inner internal RA layer-
)*4 T/e ba'&in( steel %+ line* pipe s/all +ul+il t/e re2uirements in Subse'ti%n !-
)*8 T/e manu+a'turin( pr%'ess +%r 'la* %r line* linepipe s/all be a''%r*in( t% A;0# t% A;0=-
)*4 la**in( an* liner materials s/all be spe'i+ie* a''%r*in( t% re'%(nise* stan*ar*s- I+ a re'%(nise*
stan*ar* is n%t a)ailable. a spe'i+i'ati%n s/all be prepare* t/at *e+ines '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n- I+ a(ree*
'%rr%si%n testin( an* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be spe'i+ie*-
)*# T/e 'la**in(Iliner material t/i'&ness s/%ul* n%t be less t/an "-= mm-
D 4** 9i(e "esigna%i!n
4*) In a**iti%n t% t/e *esi(nati%n %+ t/e ba'&in( material Csee A;0# t% A;0=4 'la*Iline* pipes s/all be
*esi(nate* ,it/0
1 . +%r 'la* pipe. %r
1 B. +%r line* pipe
1 8NS number +%r t/e 'la**in( material %r liner pipe-
G'i"ance n!%eF
e-(- SDNV 6@PB ;1= D - 8NS PPPPPT *esi(nates a l%n(itu*inal ,el*e* pipe usin( multiple ,el*in( pr%'esses
,it/ S6RS ;1= 6Pa. meetin( t/e supplementary re2uirements +%r *imensi%ns. 'la* ,it/ a 8NS *esi(nate* material-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
D 8** Man'+ac%'ring (r!ce"'re s(eci+ica%i!n
$PS for clad linepipe
8*) In a**iti%n t% t/e appli'able in+%rmati%n (i)en in A<00 an* AF00. t/e 6PS +%r 'la* linepipe s/all as a
minimum '%ntain t/e +%ll%,in( in+%rmati%n Cas appli'able40
1 slab re/eatin( temperature an* initial r%llin( pra'ti'e %+ 'la**in( all%y an* ba'&in( material pri%r t%
san*,i'/ assembly
1 met/%* use* t% assemble t/e san*,i'/ %r %ne-si*e*-%pen pa'&a(e. as appli'able. pri%r t% re/eatin( an* r%llin(
1 pa'&a(e Csan*,i'/ %r %ne-si*e-%pen4 re/eatin( temperature. start an* st%p r%llin( temperatures. means %+
temperature an* t/i'&ness '%ntr%l. start an* st%p temperatures +%r a''elerate* '%%lin( Ci+ appli'able4 an*
inspe'ti%n
1 +inal plate /eat treatment. e-(- 2uen'/ an* temperin( Ci+ appli'able4
1 met/%* use* t% 'ut an* separate t/e metallur(i'ally r%ll b%n*e* plates a+ter r%llin( Cseparati%n %+ t/e
san*,i'/ bet,een t/e RA layers
1 *etails re(ar*in( any RA 'la* ,el*in( t% pipe en*s-
$PS for lined linepipe
8*4 In a**iti%n t% t/e appli'able in+%rmati%n (i)en in A<00 an* AF00. t/e 6PS +%r line* linepipe s/all as a
minimum '%ntain t/e +%ll%,in( in+%rmati%n Cas appli'able40
1 *etails +%r +abri'ati%n %+ ba'&in( pipe an* liner
1 2uality '%ntr%l '/e'&s +%r t/e linin( pr%'ess
Ta6le &-)8 A""i%i!nal %es%ing +!r Man'+ac%'ring 9r!ce"'re E'ali+ica%i!n Tes% !+ CRA line(i(e
)/
)pplicable to Type of test &re*uency of testing
)cceptance
criteria
All pipe All pr%*u'ti%n tests as state* in Table <-1"
One test +%r ea'/ pipe pr%)i*e*
+%r manu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure
2uali+i'ati%n
#4
Subse'ti%n
@el*e* pipe Call types4
All-,el* tensile test Table <-11
Fra'ture t%u(/ness CTOD4 test %+ ,el*
metal
"4
!;1=
4otes
14 Samplin( %+ spe'imens an* test e:e'uti%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !- T/e number. %rientati%n an*
l%'ati%n %+ test pie'es per sample +%r me'/ani'al tests s/all be a''%r*in( t% =0=-=0<-
"4 TOD testin( is n%t re2uire* +%r pipes ,it/ t M 1# mm-
#4 T,% pipes s/all be pr%)i*e* +%r 6P5T- T/e t,% pipes pr%)i*e* s/all be +r%m t,% *i++erent test units %+ *i++erent /eats-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $&'
1 *etails %+ *ata t% be re'%r*e* Ce-(- e:pansi%n pressureI+%r'e. strain. *e+%rmati%n4
1 pr%'e*ure +%r 'ut ba'& pri%r t% seal ,el*in( %r 'la**in( t% atta'/ liner t% 'arrier pipe
1 seal ,el*in( pr%'e*ures
1 *etails re(ar*in( any RA 'la* ,el*in( t% pipe en*s-
8*8 T/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal essential )ariable applies t% t/e 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS +%r 'la* linepipe Csee
AF0<40
1 se2uen'e %+ ,el*in(-
D 4** Man'+ac%'ring
4*) Durin( all sta(es %+ manu+a'turin(. '%ntaminati%n %+ RA ,it/ 'arb%n steel s/all be a)%i*e*- Dire't
'%nta't %+ t/e RA layer ,it/ 'arb%n steel /an*lin( e2uipment Ce-(- /%%&s. belts. r%lls. et'-4 is pr%/ibite*-
Dire't '%nta't may be all%,e* pr%)i*in( subse2uent pi'&lin( is per+%rme*-
4*4 All ,%r& s/all be un*erta&en in 'lean areas an* '%ntr%lle* en)ir%nment t% a)%i* '%ntaminati%n an*
'%n*ensati%n-
4*8 In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements state* in !#00 an* #00 Cas appli'able4. t/e +%ll%,in( s/all apply0
6elding consumables
4*4 T/e ,el*in( '%nsumables +%r seam ,el*s an* liner seal ,el*s s/all be sele'te* ta&in( int% '%nsi*erati%n
t/e re*u'ti%n %+ all%yin( elements by *iluti%n %+ ir%n +r%m t/e base material- T/e '%rr%si%n pr%perties %+ t/e
,el* '%nsumable s/all be e2ual %r superi%r t% t/e 'la* %r liner material-
General re*uirements to manufacture of clad linepipe
4*# T/e 'la**in( all%y s/all be pr%*u'e* +r%m plate. an* s/all be supplie* in a s%luti%n %r s%+t anneale*
'%n*iti%n. as appli'able-
4*5 T/e steel ba'&in( material an* t/e 'la**in( all%y s/all be 'leane*. *rie* an* inspe'te* t% ensure t/at t/e
le)el %+ /umi*ity an* parti'les bet,een t/e respe'ti)e plates are e2ual t% %r less t/an +%r t/e 6P5T plates-
4*& T/e matin( plate sur+a'es s/%ul* as a minimum be blast 'leane* t% a sur+a'e 'leanliness %+ ISO F=01 Sa"-
4*2 A pre-'la* r%llin( assembly pr%'e*ure s/all be part %+ t/e 6PS- T/is pr%'e*ure s/all in'lu*e *etails %+
all sur+a'e preparati%n t% be per+%rme* Gust pri%r t% t/e san*,i'/ assembly Ci+ appli'able4-
4*: T/e san*,i'/ %r %ne-si*e-%pen pa'&a(es. as appli'able. s/all be /%t r%lle* in %r*er t% ensure
metallur(i'al b%n*in( bet,een t/e base an* t/e 'la**in( material-
4)* T/e pa'&a(e '%nsistin( %+ san*,i'/ %r %ne-si*e-%pen. s/all be manu+a'ture* t/r%u(/ a T6P r%ute. %r
re'ei)e a +inal /eat treatment Ce-(- 5T4-
6elding of clad linepipe
4)) In a**iti%n t% t/e appli'able re2uirements (i)en in !#0< t% !##1. t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements s/all apply
+%r ,el*in( %+ 'la* linepipe0
1 t/e '%rr%si%n pr%perties %+ t/e RA ,el* '%nsumable Ce-(- r%%t an* /%t pass4 s/all be e2ual %r superi%r t%
t/e 'la* material
1 e:'ept +%r sin(le pass per si*e ,el*s. t/e l%n(itu*inal ,el* s/all be ba'& pur(e* ,it/ ,el*in( (ra*e inert
(as an* be +ree +r%m /i(/ temperature %:i*es
1 ta'& ,el*s s/all be ma*e usin( 3TA@. 36A@. 3-FA@ %r S6A@ usin( l%, /y*r%(en ele'tr%*es
1 ,el* seam tra'&in( %+ '%ntinu%us ,el*in( s/all be aut%mati'ally '%ntr%lle*-
General re*uirements to manufacture of lined linepipe
4)4 T/e liner +%r line* pipe s/all be manu+a'ture* a''%r*in( t% API =B-
4)8 T/e internal sur+a'e %+ t/e -6n steel ba'&in( pipe s/all be blast 'leane* t% a sur+a'e 'leanliness %+ ISO
F=01 Sa" al%n( t/e '%mplete len(t/ %+ t/e pipe pri%r t% +abri'ati%n %+ line* pipe- T/e e:ternal sur+a'e %+ t/e
liner pipe s/all be blast 'leane* as spe'i+ie* ab%)e %r pi'&le*-
4)4 T/e liner pipe s/all be inserte* int% t/e ba'&in( -6n steel pipe a+ter b%t/ pipes /a)e been 'are+ully
'leane*. *rie* an* inspe'te* t% ensure t/at t/e le)el %+ /umi*ity an* parti'les in t/e annular spa'e bet,een
t/ese t,% pipes are e2ual t% %r less t/an +%r t/e 6P5T pipes-
4)# T/e /umi*ity *urin( assembly s/all be less t/an F0L. an* t/e 'arb%n steel an* RA sur+a'es s/all be
maintaine* at least =] ab%)e t/e *e, p%int temperature- Temperature an* /umi*ity s/all '%ntinu%usly be
measure* an* re'%r*e*-
4)5 A+ter /a)in( line* up t/e t,% pipes. t/e liner s/all be e:pan*e* by a suitable met/%* t% ensure a*e2uate
(rippin(- T/e 'arb%n steel pipe s/all n%t re'ei)e a siJin( rati%. s
r .
e:'ee*in( 0-01= *urin( t/e e:pansi%n pr%'ess
CSee !##"4-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $&1
6elding of lined linepipe
4)& T/e liner +%r line* pipe s/all be ,el*e* a''%r*in( t% API =B-
4)2 Seal ,el*s. i-e- pipe en* 'la* ,el*s %r +illet ,el*s. s/all be 2uali+ie* a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: E;00.
E>0= an* E>0>. respe'ti)ely- Pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( s/all +%ll%, t/e prin'iples in Appen*i: -
4): Subse2uent t% e:pansi%n. t/e liner %r ba'&in( pipe s/all be ma'/ine* at ea'/ en* an* +urt/er +i:e* t% t/e
ba'&in( pipe by a seal ,el* C'la* %r +illet ,el*4 t% ensure t/at n% /umi*ity 'an enter t/e annulus *urin( st%ra(e.
transp%rtati%n an* preparati%n +%r installati%n-
44* In a**iti%n t% t/e appli'able re2uirements (i)en in !#0< t% !##1. t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements s/all apply
+%r ,el*in( %+ line* linepipe0
1 t/e '%rr%si%n pr%perties %+ t/e RA ,el* '%nsumable Ce-(- +illet %r 'la* ,el*4 s/all be e2ual %r superi%r t%
t/e liner material
1 t/e ,el* s/all be pur(e* ,it/ ,el*in( (ra*e inert (as an* be +ree +r%m /i(/ temperature %:i*es-
D #** Acce(%ance cri%eria
Properties of the bac.ing material
#*) T/e ba'&in( material %+ t/e manu+a'ture* 'la* %r line* linepipe s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements +%r
-6n steel (i)en in Subse'ti%n !- H
"
S ser)i'e re2uirements a''%r*in( t% I100 s/all n%t apply t% t/e ba'&in(
material unless re2uire* a''%r*in( t% I11=-
#*4 T/e 'la**in(Iliner material s/all be rem%)e* +r%m t/e test pie'es pri%r t% me'/ani'al testin( %+ t/e
ba'&in( material-
1ardness
#*8 T/e /ar*ness %+ t/e base material. 'la**in( material. HAU. ,el* metal an* t/e metallur(i'al b%n*e* area
s/all meet t/e rele)ant re2uirements %+ t/is stan*ar*-
-onding strength of clad linepipe
#*4 A+ter ben* testin( in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-! !=0H Csee Table <-1;4. t/ere s/all be n% si(n %+ 'ra'&in(
%r separati%n %n t/e e*(es %+ t/e spe'imens-
#*# A+ter l%n(itu*inal ,el* r%%t ben* testin( in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-! !=0< Csee Table <-1=4. t/e ben* test
spe'imen s/all n%t s/%, any %pen *e+e'ts in any *ire'ti%n e:'ee*in( # mm- 6in%r *u'tile tears less t/an > mm.
%ri(inatin( at t/e spe'imen e*(e may be *isre(ar*e* i+ n%t ass%'iate* ,it/ %b)i%us *e+e'ts-
#*5 T/e minimum s/ear stren(t/ s/all be 1;0 6Pa-
Properties of the %R) of clad and lined linepipe
#*& T/e RA material s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ t/e rele)ant re+eren'e stan*ar*. e-(- API =BD-
%hemical composition of welds
#*2 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ t/e l%n(itu*inal seam ,el* C%r %)erlay ,el* i+ appli'able4 %+ 'la* pipes.
pipe en* 'la* ,el*s. an* t/e liner seal ,el*s Ci+ e:p%se* t% t/e pipe +lui*4. s/all be analyse* *urin( 6P5T- T/e
'%mp%siti%n %+ t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal as analyse* %n t/e e:p%se* sur+a'e s/%ul* meet t/e re2uirements %+
t/e base material spe'i+i'ati%n-
T/e 'al'ulate* PRE Csee Table <-10. n%te "4 +%r all%y >"= ,el* metal s/%ul* n%t be less t/an +%r t/e 'la* pipe
base material %r liner material-
$icrostructure
#*: T/e ,el* metal an* t/e HAU in t/e r%%t area %+ t/e 'la* pipe seam ,el*s. any pipe en* 'la* ,el*s an*
t/e seal ,el*s %+ line* pipe s/all be essentially +ree +r%m (rain b%un*ary 'arbi*es. nitri*es an* intermetalli'
p/ases-
Gripping force of lined linepipe
#)* A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r (rippin( +%r'e pr%*u'ti%n testin( s/all be a(ree* base* %n pr%Ge't spe'i+i'
re2uirements Csee Se'-> !;004 an*I%r test results %btaine* *urin( 6P5T-
#iner collapse
#)) A+ter t/e test +%r presen'e %+ m%isture in t/e annulus bet,een t/e liner an* t/e ba'&in( material. t/e pipe
s/all be inspe'te* an* n% ripples %r bu'&les in t/e liner %r 'arb%n steel pipe s/all be in e)i*en'e ,/en )ie,e*
,it/ t/e na&e* eye-
D 5** ;ns(ec%i!n
5*) %mplian'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/e pur'/ase %r*er s/all be '/e'&e* by spe'i+i' inspe'ti%n in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ EN 10"0;- Re'%r*s +r%m t/e 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS an* %t/er *%'umentati%n s/all be in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in Se'-1"-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $&2
'nspection fre*uency
5*4 T/e inspe'ti%n +re2uen'y *urin( pr%*u'ti%n an* 6P5T s/all be as (i)en in Table <-1; an* Table <-1=.
respe'ti)ely-
5*8 F%r 'la* pipe. t/e number an* %rientati%n %+ t/e samples s/all be as +%r SA@B pipe in Table <-H
5*4 F%r line* pipe. t/e number an* %rientati%n %+ t/e samples +%r t/e ba'&in( steel s/all be a''%r*in( t%
Table <-H- Testin( %+ t/e liner +%r line* pipe s/all be a''%r*in( t% API =B-
Retesting
5*# Re2uirements +%r retestin( s/all be a''%r*in( t% !=0< t% !=11-
1eat and product analysis
5*5 Heat an* pr%*u't analysis s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !=00 an* =00 +%r t/e ba'&in( steel
an* t/e RA liner %r 'la**in(. respe'ti)ely-
$echanical testing
5*& All me'/ani'al testin( %+ 'la* pipe an* t/e ba'&in( steel %+ line* pipe s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t%
Appen*i: !- 6e'/ani'al testin( %+ t/e liner +%r line* pipe s/all be a''%r*in( t% API =B-
5*2 Har*ness testin( %+ ,el*e* linepipe s/all be per+%rme* %n a test pie'e '%mprisin( t/e +ull 'r%ss se'ti%n
%+ t/e ,el*- In*entati%ns s/all be ma*e in t/e base material. 'la**in( material an* t/e metallur(i'al b%n*e*
area as *etaile* in Appen*i: !-
%orrosion testing
5*: 8nless spe'i+ie* by pur'/aser. '%rr%si%n testin( %+ r%ll b%n*e* 'la* pipes %r any l%n(itu*inal ,el* seams
is n%t re2uire*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
AST6 3;F 6et/%* A testin( is rele)ant in 'ase +l%%*in( ,it/ ra, sea ,ater %+ material 'la*Iline* ,it/ All%y >"= is
a *esi(n re2uirementIassumpti%n- Su'/ testin( is n%t rele)ant i+ t/e RA material is 8NS S#1>00. 8NS S#1>0# %r
8NS N0FF"=-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
$etallographic e"amination
5)* 6etall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !-
#iner collapse test
5)) T% '/e'& +%r t/e presen'e %+ m%isture in t/e annulus bet,een t/e liner an* t/e ba'&in( material. %ne
+inis/e* pipe %r a se'ti%n t/ere%+ Cminimum len(t/ %+ > m4 s/all be /eate* t% "00] +%r 1= minutes an* air
'%%le*- T/is pipe s/all be ,it/in t/e +irst 10 pipes pr%*u'e*-
Gripping force test
5)4 3rippin( +%r'e %+ line* pipe s/all be measure* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ API =BD- E2ui)alent tests may be
applie* subGe't t% a(reement- Inspe'ti%n +re2uen'y +%r pr%*u'ti%n testin( s/all be a(ree* base* %n test results
%btaine* *urin( t/e 6P5T Csee D#004-
1ydrostatic test /mill pressure test0
5)8 Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n E-
4on(destructive testing
5)4 NDT. in'lu*in( )isual inspe'ti%n. s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n F-
imensional testing
5)# Dimensi%nal testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% Subse'ti%n 3-
Treatment of surface imperfections and defects
5)5 Sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns an* *e+e'ts s/all be treate* a''%r*in( t% App-D H#00-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $&3
E. H7"r!s%a%ic Tes%ing
E )** Mill (ress're %es%
)*) Ea'/ len(t/ %+ linepipe s/all be /y*r%stati'ally teste*. unless t/e alternati)e appr%a'/ *es'ribe* in E10< is use*-
)*4 T/e test pressure Cp
/
4 s/all. in situati%ns ,/ere t/e seal is ma*e %n t/e insi*e %r t/e %utsi*e %+ t/e linepipe
sur+a'e. be '%n*u'te* at t/e l%,est )alue %btaine* by utilisin( t/e +%ll%,in( +%rmulae0
)*8 In situati%ns ,/ere t/e seal is ma*e a(ainst t/e en* +a'e %+ t/e linepipe by means %+ a ram %r by ,el*e*
%n en* 'aps. an* t/e linepipe is e:p%se* t% a:ial stresses. t/e test pressure s/all be 'al'ulate* su'/ t/at t/e
ma:imum '%mbine* stress e2uals0
base* %n t/e minimum pipe ,all t/i'&ness t
min
-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e V%n 6ises E2ui)alent stress s/all be 'al'ulate* as0
,/ere
Ta6le &-)4 ;ns(ec%i!n +re<'enc7 +!r cla" !r line" s%eel line(i(e
)pplicable to Type of test &re*uency of testing
)cceptance
criteria
All pipe All tests in Table <-< appli'able t% SAll pipeT
See Table <-< an* D>00 D=01
la* pipe
All tests in Table <-< appli'able t% SSA@BT
!en* tests C" spe'imens4
On'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re t/an =0
pipes
D=0=
S/ear stren(t/ D=0>
RA
material %+
'la* pipe
A''%r*in( t% re+eren'e stan*ar* Csee D=0<4
Biner pipe A''%r*in( t% API =B Csee D=0<4
Bine* pipe
6a'r%(rap/i' e:aminati%n %+ seal ,el*
On'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re t/an =0
pipes
App- F;0=
3rippin( +%r'e test T% be a(ree*. see D>1" D=10
Ta6le &-)# A""i%i!nal %es%ing +!r Man'+ac%'ring 9r!ce"'re E'ali+ica%i!n Tes% !+ cla" !r line" s%eel
line(i(e
)/
)pplicable to Type of test &re*uency of testing )cceptance criteria
All pipe
All pr%*u'ti%n tests in Table <-1;
One test +%r ea'/
pipe pr%)i*e* +%r
manu+a'turin(
pr%'e*ure
2uali+i'ati%n
See Table <-1;
Rele)ant 2uali+i'ati%n tests in Table <-F See Table <-F
%rr%si%n testin( %+ ,el*s. i+ a(ree*. see D>0H T% be a(ree*
la* pipe
/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ seam ,el* an* 'la* ,el*
"4
D=0F
6etall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n %+ t/e seam ,el* an* 'la* ,el*
"4
D=0H
B%n(itu*inal ,el* r%%t ben* test D=0=
Bine* pipe
/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ seal %r 'la* ,el*s
"4
D=0F
6etall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n %+ seal ,el*s D=0H
Biner '%llapse test D=11
4otes
14 Samplin( %+ spe'imens an* test e:e'uti%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !- T/e number. %rientati%n an*
l%'ati%n %+ test pie'es per sample +%r me'/ani'al tests s/all be a''%r*in( t% D>0#an* D>0;-
"4 As appli'able. a''%r*in( t% D=0F an* D=0H-
C<-"4
C<-#4
p
h
" t
min
t
min
E
-------------------- min S$9S [ 0-H> S$TS O 0-F;] ?
s
e
min S$9S [ 0- H> S$TS O 0-F; ] ?
s
e
s
h
"
s
l
"
W s
h
s
l
E ?
C<-;4
s
h
p
h
t
min
E ( )
" t
min
----------------------------------- ?
C<-=4
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $&4
Ct
min
is e2ui)alent t% t
1
in Se'-=4
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*4 F%r pipes ,it/ re*u'e* pressure '%ntainment utilisati%n. t/e test pressure Cp
/
4 may be re*u'e* as
permitte* in Se'-= !"00- Any re*u'ti%n in mill test pressure *ue t% re*u'e* pressure '%ntainment utiliJati%n
s/all be a''%r*in( t% Se'-= D"01 an* meet t/e re2uirements %+ E2- C=->4- F%r in*u'ti%n ben*s t/e pressure
'%ntainment utiliJati%n s/all be base* %n t/e minimum ,all t/i'&ness a+ter ben*in(- N%te t/at any re*u'ti%n
in t/e mill test pressure may limit any +uture *esi(n pressure up(ra*e-
)*# In 'ase si(ni+i'ant '%rr%si%n all%,an'e /as been spe'i+ie* Cas state* by t/e Pur'/aser in t/e material
spe'i+i'ati%n4. %r a lar(e ,all t/i'&ness is nee*e* +%r *esi(n purp%ses %t/er t/an pressure '%ntainment. %r
si(ni+i'ant temperature *e-ratin( %+ t/e me'/ani'al pr%perties ta&e pla'e. t/e mill test pressure may be
si(ni+i'antly /i(/er t/an t/e in'i*ental pressure- F%r su'/ '%n*iti%ns an* ,/ere t/e mill pressure test 'apa'ity
is limite*. t/e mill test pressure may be limite* t% p
/
? 1-;Zp
li
. C,/ere p
li
is t/e l%'al in'i*ental pressure4-
)*5 T/e test '%n+i(urati%n s/all permit blee*in( %+ trappe* air pri%r t% pressurisati%n %+ t/e pipe- T/e pressure
test e2uipment s/all be e2uippe* ,it/ a 'alibrate* re'%r*in( (au(e- T/e applie* pressure an* t/e *urati%n %+
ea'/ /y*r%stati' test s/all be re'%r*e* t%(et/er ,it/ t/e i*enti+i'ati%n %+ t/e pipe teste*- T/e e2uipment s/all
be 'apable %+ re(isterin( a pressure *r%p %+ minimum "L %+ t/e applie* pressure- T/e /%l*in( time at test
pressure s/all be minimum 10 se'%n*s- alibrati%n re'%r*s +%r t/e e2uipment s/all be a)ailable-
)*& SubGe't t% a(reement. t/e /y*r%stati' testin( may be %mitte* +%r e:pan*e* pipes manu+a'ture* by t/e
8OE pr%'ess- It s/all in su'/ situati%ns be *%'umente* t/at t/e e:pansi%n pr%'ess an* subse2uent pipe
inspe'ti%n ,ill0
1 ensure t/at t/e pipe material stress-strain 'ur)e is linear up t% a stress '%rresp%n*in( t% E10"
1 i*enti+y *e+e'ts ,it/ t/e p%tential +%r t/r%u(/-t/i'&ness pr%pa(ati%n un*er pressure l%a*in(
1 i*enti+y pipes subGe't t% e:'essi)e permanent *e+%rmati%n un*er pressure l%a*in( t% a *e(ree e2ui)alent t%
t/at pr%)i*e* by /y*r%stati' testin(-
@%r&mans/ip an* inspe'ti%n s/all be at t/e same le)el as +%r /y*r%stati'ally teste* pipe-
T/e e:pansi%n pr%'ess parameters an* inspe'ti%n results s/all be re'%r*e* +%r ea'/ pipe-
F. N!n-"es%r'c%i-e Tes%ing
F )** Dis'al ins(ec%i!n
)*) Visual inspe'ti%n s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-D H=00-
)*4 I+ )isual inspe'ti%n +%r *ete'ti%n %+ sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns is substitute* ,it/ alternati)e inspe'ti%n
met/%*s t/en t/e substituti%n s/all '%n+%rm t% t/e re2uirements in App-D H=0=-
F 4** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing
4*) Re2uirements +%r N%n-Destru'ti)e Testin( CNDT4 %+ linepipe are (i)en in App-D. Subse'ti%n H-
4*4 Re2uirements +%r NDT Claminar imper+e'ti%ns4 an* )isual e:aminati%n %+ plate. '%il an* strip per+%rme*
at plate mill are (i)en in App-D. Subse'ti%n 3-
4*8 Table <-1> lists t/e re2uire* NDT %+ linepipe in'lu*in( laminati%n '/e'& +%r ,el*e* linepipe- F%r ,el*e*
pipe. laminati%n '/e'&s may be per+%rme* %n linepipe %r plateIstrip at t/e *is'reti%n %+ t/e 6anu+a'turer-
4*4 Alternati)e test met/%*s may be a''epte* subGe't t% a(reement a''%r*in( t% App-D. H;01 an* H;0"-
N ? True pipe ,all +%r'e ,/i'/ *epen* %n t/e test set up en* restraints-
s
l
4
)
s
----- ?
C<->4
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $&5
G. Di$ensi!ns= Mass an" T!lerances
G )** General
)*) Binepipe s/all be *eli)ere* t% t/e *imensi%ns spe'i+ie* in t/e material spe'i+i'ati%n. subGe't t% t/e
appli'able t%leran'es-
)*4 T/e pipe s/all be *eli)ere* in ran*%m len(t/s %r appr%:imate len(t/. as spe'i+ie* in t/e material
spe'i+i'ati%n-
Ta6le &-)5 T7(e an" e,%en% !+ n!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing
)/
)pplicable to Scope of testing Type of test
"4
&re*uency of
testing
Reference
/)ppendi" 0
All
Visual inspe'ti%n - 100L H=00
Resi*ual ma(netism - =L
#4
H=00
Imper+e'ti%ns in un-teste* en*s 8TWST 100L %r 'ut %++ H>00
Pipe en*s %+ all
pipe
Baminar imper+e'ti%ns pipe en*s
;4
8T 100L
H<00
Baminar imper+e'ti%ns pipe en* +a'eIbe)el ST 100L
S6BS
Baminar imper+e'ti%ns in pipe b%*y 8T 100L
HF00
B%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns in pipe b%*y 8T 100L
Trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns in pipe b%*y 8T 100I10L
>4
@all t/i'&ness testin( 8T 100L
<4
B%n(itu*inal sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns in pipe b%*y
=4
ST 100I10L
>4
HF@. E!@
an* B!@
Baminar imper+e'ti%ns in pipe b%*y 8T 100L
HH00 Baminar imper+e'ti%ns in area a*Ga'ent t% ,el* 8T 100L
B%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns in ,el* 8T 100L
SA@B.
SA@H an*
6@P
Baminar imper+e'ti%ns in pipe b%*y 8T 100L
H1#00
Baminar imper+e'ti%ns in area a*Ga'ent t% ,el* 8T 100L
Imper+e'ti%ns in ,el* 8T 100L
Sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns in ,el* area
=4
ST 100LIR
F4
Imper+e'ti%ns at ,el* en*s RT 100L
la* pipe
Ba'& %+ b%n*in( in pipe b%*y an* pipe en*s
H4
8T 100L
H1"00
Baminar imper+e'ti%ns in pipe b%*y 8T 100L
B%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns in ,el* 8T 100L
Baminar imper+e'ti%ns in area a*Ga'ent t% ,el* 8T 100L
Sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns in ,el* area ST 100LIR
104
Imper+e'ti%ns in ,el*s RT 100L
RA liner pipe B%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns in ,el* E %r RT 100L H1000
Bine* pipe
As re2uire* +%r t/e type %+ ba'&in( material use*.
see ab%)e
- 100L -
Seal an* 'la* ,el*s ST 100L
H1100
la* ,el*s Cb%n*in( imper+e'ti%ns4 8T 100L
4otes
14 T/e in*i'ate* test met/%*s are '%nsi*ere* t% be in*ustry stan*ar*- Alternati)e met/%*s may be use* as re2uire* in App-D H;00-
"4 N%men'lature0 8T ? ultras%ni' testin(. ST ? sur+a'e testin(. e-(- ma(neti' parti'le testin( %r E6I C+lu: lea&a(e4 +%r ma(neti'
materials an* li2ui* penetrant testin( +%r n%n-ma(neti' materials. RT ? ra*i%(rap/i' testin( an* E ? e**y 'urrent testin(. see
Appen*i: D-
#4 =L ? testin( %+ =L %+ t/e pipes pr%*u'e* but at least %n'e per ; /%ur per %peratin( s/i+t-
;4 Baminar inspe'ti%n is n%t appli'able t% pipe ,it/ t = mm- Stan*ar* ,i*t/ %+ ban* t% be teste* is =0 mm. but a ,i*er ban* may
be teste* i+ spe'i+ie* by t/e Pur'/aser-
=4 Appli'able t% e:ternal sur+a'e %nly-
>4 100I10L ? 100L testin( %+ t/e +irst "0 pipes manu+a'ture* an* i+ all pipes are ,it/in spe'i+i'ati%n. t/erea+ter ran*%m testin(
Cminimum +i)e pipes per F-/%ur s/i+t4 *urin( t/e pr%*u'ti%n %+ 10L %+ t/e remainin( pipes-
<4 T/e ,all t/i'&ness s/all be '%ntr%lle* by '%ntinu%usly %peratin( measurin( *e)i'es-
F4 100LIR ? 100L testin( %+ t/e +irst "0 pipes manu+a'ture*- I+ all pipes are ,it/in spe'i+i'ati%n. t/erea+ter ran*%m testin( %+ a
minimum %+ %ne pipe per F-/%ur s/i+t-
H4 Applies t% pipe en*s irrespe'ti)e i+ 'la* ,el*s are applie* t% pipe en*s %r n%t-
104 F%r e:ternal ,el* N%te F4 s/all apply- F%r internal ,el* t/e +re2uen'y s/all be 100L-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $&6
G 4** T!lerances
4*) T/e *iameter an* %ut-%+-r%un*ness s/all be ,it/in t/e t%leran'es (i)en in Table <-1<- T/e minus
t%leran'es +%r *iameter an* %ut-%+-r%un*ness *% n%t apply +%r *e+e'ts '%mpletely rem%)e* by (rin*in(.
a''%r*in( t% App-D H#0F an* H#0H-
4*4 T/e ,all t/i'&ness s/all be ,it/in t/e t%leran'es (i)en in Table <-1F-
4*8 3e%metri' *e)iati%ns. pipe strai(/tness. en* s2uareness an* ,ei(/t s/all be ,it/in t/e t%leran'es (i)en
in Table <-1H-
4*4 T/e minimum a)era(e len(t/ %+ pipe s/%ul* be 1"-1 m. an* t/e t%leran'es +%r len(t/ a''%r*in( t% Table
<-1H-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e a)era(e len(t/ %+ 1"-1 m is base* up%n t/e %ptimum len(t/s +%r /an*lin( %n se)eral AS-layA bar(es in %perati%n.
but t/is '%ul* '/an(e in t/e '%urse %+ time- An a)era(e len(t/ %+ 1"-1 m is n%t ne'essarily %ptimum +%r *eep,ater A7-
layA pra'ti'e an* 'an )ary a''%r*in( t% t/e A7-layA system use*- It is t/e resp%nsibility %+ t/e pur'/aser t% a(ree ,it/
b%t/ t/e linepipe manu+a'turer an* t/e pipe-lay '%ntra't%r t/e len(t/ ran(e t% be supplie*-
T/e +%ll%,in( s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere*0
1 @ill t/e installati%n met/%* bene+it +r%m an%t/er stan*ar* linepipe len(t/^
1 S/%ul* a si(ni+i'ant 2uantity %+ t/e *eli)ere* linepipes CsubGe't t% a(reement4 be ,it/in [0-"m %r [0-1m %+ t/e
re2uire* stan*ar* linepipe len(t/^
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Tolerances for the weld seam
4*# T%leran'es +%r t/e ,el* seam %+ ,el*e* pipe. i-e-0
1 'ap rein+%r'ement 6RY
1 r%%t penetrati%n 6RY
1 ,el* interpenetrati%n C+%r *%uble-si*e* SA@ %nly4 6RY
1 'ap an* r%%t '%n'a)ity
1 ra*ial %++set
1 misali(nment %+ ,el* bea*s +%r *%uble si*e* ,el*s
1 *e)iati%n %+ t/e ,el* t%e +r%m a strai(/t line
1 un*er'ut
1 ar' burns
1 startIst%p 'ratersIp%%r restart
1 sur+a'e p%r%sity
1 'ra'&s
1 la'& %+ penetrati%nIla'& %+ +usi%n
1 systemati' imper+e'ti%ns
1 burn t/r%u(/-
s/all be ,it/in t/e t%leran'es (i)en in App-D Table D-;-
Y4 6R in*i'ates t/at t/e re2uirement is m%*i+ie* '%mpare* t% ISO #1F#-
4*5 Re2uirements +%r *ents are (i)en in App-D H=00-
G 8** ;ns(ec%i!n
8*) T/e +re2uen'y %+ *imensi%nal testin( s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table <-1< t/r%u(/ Table <-1H-
8*4 Suitable met/%*s s/all be use* +%r t/e )eri+i'ati%n %+ '%n+%rman'e ,it/ t/e *imensi%nal an* (e%metri'al
t%leran'es- 8nless parti'ular met/%*s are spe'i+ie* in t/e pur'/ase %r*er. t/e met/%*s t% be use* s/all be at t/e
*is'reti%n %+ t/e 6anu+a'turer-
T/e manu+a'turer s/all ensure su++i'ient trainin( an* instru'ti%n %+ t/e pers%nnel. in %r*er t% pr%)i*e a stable
an* repeatable inspe'ti%n pra'ti'e-
G'i"ance n!%eF
@/en measurin( t/e linepipe *imensi%ns an* (e%metri'al +eatures it is imp%rtant t% '%nsi*er t/at ea'/ parameter Ce-(-
,all t/i'&ness. *iameter. %ut-%+-r%un*ness et'4 is +ully in*epen*ent %+ t/e %t/ers- T/is means t/at t/e linepipe s/%ul*
be '%nsi*ere* t% /a)e n%minal )alues +%r all parameters. e:'ept t/e %ne parameter bein( measure*-
T/is mi(/t n%t +ully re+le't t/e realityO t/e pipe %ut-%+-r%un*ness may )ery ,ell in+luen'e t/e *iameter. an* t/e ,all
t/i'&ness )ariati%ns 'an in+luen'e %++set measurements an* *iameter measurements- Still. in %r*er t% /a)e a '%mm%n
appr%a'/ t% linepipe *imensi%ns an* (e%metry inspe'ti%n it is imp%rtant t% '%nsi*er %ne +eature at a time-
It is n%t all%,e* t% a** t%leran'es Ce-(- l%'al (e%metry *e)iati%n W %ut-%+-r%un*ness W ,el* %++set4 in %r*er t% t,ea&
t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $'%
8*8 All test e2uipment s/all be 'alibrate*. an* t/e measurement res%luti%n s/all be su++i'ient t% pr%perly
e)aluate t/e t%leran'es- Dimensi%nal testin( by aut%mati' measurin( *e)i'es is a''eptable pr%)i*e* t/e
a''ura'y an* pre'isi%n %+ t/e measurin( *e)i'es is *%'umente* an* +%un* t% be ,it/in a''eptable limits-
8*4 Diameter an* %ut-%+-r%un*ness s/all be *etermine* separately- Diameter measurements s/all be base*
%n 'ir'um+erential measurements usin( tape. ruler %r 'alliper type (au(es. %r aut%mati' *e)i'es as appr%priate-
T/e %ut-%+-r%un*ness is t/e *i++eren'e bet,een t/e lar(est an* smallest *iameter in a (i)en 'r%ss-se'ti%nal
plane Ct/e ,el* 'ap s/all n%t be ta&en int% a''%unt4- T/e %ut-%+ r%un*ness s/%ul* be measure* usin( a r%*
(au(e an* r%tate t/is ar%un* t/e 'ir'um+eren'e in a (i)en 'r%ss se'ti%n in %r*er t% sear'/ +%r t/e lar(est an*
smallest *iameter- Alternati)ely. t/is '%ul* be measure* usin( an aut%mati' measurin( *e)i'e- T/e a''eptan'e
'riteria in Table <-1< s/all be met- 6R
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e *iameter re2uirement is base* %n t/e n%minal *iameter %+ t/e linepipe- T/e %ut-%+-r%un*ness re2uirement is
base* %n t/e spe'i+ie* n%minal %utsi*e *iameter as state* in Table <-1< an* <-">-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*# At pipe en*s insi*e Ci-e- pipe internal sur+a'e4 measurements s/all be use* t% *etermine *iameter an* %ut-
%+-r%un*ness- F%r linepipe ,it/ internal *iameter less t/an 1=0 mm %utsi*e measurements are all%,e*- 6R-
8*5 Pipe b%*y *iameter an* %ut-%+-r%un*ness s/all be measure* t%,ar*s t/e mi**le %+ t/e pipe- T/e '/%i'e
bet,een insi*e %r %utsi*e measurements is at t/e manu+a'turerNs *is'reti%n-
8*& T/e ,all t/i'&ness at any l%'ati%n %+ e)ery pipe s/all be ,it/in t/e t%leran'es in Table <-1F. e:'ept t/at
t/e ,el* area s/all n%t be limite* by t/e plus t%leran'e- @all t/i'&ness measurements s/all be ma*e ,it/ an
aut%mati' %r manual n%n-*estru'ti)e *e)i'e. %r me'/ani'al 'alliper- In 'ase %+ *ispute. t/e measurement
*etermine* by use %+ t/e me'/ani'al 'alliper s/all (%)ern- T/e me'/ani'al 'alliper s/all be +itte* ,it/ '%nta't
pins /a)in( 'ir'ular 'r%ss se'ti%ns %+ >-#= mm in *iameter- T/e en* %+ t/e pin '%nta'tin( t/e insi*e sur+a'e %+
t/e pipe s/all be r%un*e* t% a ma:imum ra*ius %+ #F-1 mm +%r pipe %+ siJe 1>F-# mm %r lar(er. an* up t% a
ra*ius %+ *I; +%r pipe smaller t/an siJe 1>F-# mm ,it/ a minimum ra*ius %+ #-" mm- T/e en* %+ t/e pin
'%nta'tin( t/e %utsi*e sur+a'e %+ t/e pipe s/all be eit/er +lat %r r%un*e* t% a ra*ius %+ n%t less t/an #F-1 mm-
8*2 3e%metri' *e)iati%ns +r%m t/e n%minal 'ylin*ri'al '%nt%ur %+ t/e pipe Ce-(- +lat sp%ts an* pea&s4
resultin( +r%m t/e pipe +%rmin( %r manu+a'turin( %perati%ns Ci-e- n%t in'lu*in( *ents4 s/all n%t e:'ee* t/e
'riteria in Table <-1H- 3e%metri' *e)iati%ns s/all be measure* as t/e (ap bet,een t/e e:treme p%int Ci-e-
*eepest %r /i(/est4 %+ t/e *e)iati%n an* t/e pr%l%n(ati%n %+ t/e '%nt%ur %+ t/e pipe- A template ,it/ a 'ur)ature
e2ual t% t/e n%minal IDIOD %+ t/e pipe t% be inspe'te* s/all be use*- T/e len(t/ %+ t/e (au(es s/all be "00 mm
%r 0-"= D. ,/i'/e)er is less- T/e (au(es s/all be ma*e ,it/ a n%t'/ s% t/at it 'an +it %)er t/e ,el* 'ap-
At pipe en*s t/e +ull internal 'ir'um+eren'e s/all be inspe'te*. %)er a len(t/ %+ minimum =0 mm +r%m t/e pipe
en* be)el-
Inspe'ti%n %+ t/e e:ternal sur+a'e s/all be per+%rme* al%n( t/e ,el* an* ar%un* t/e 'ir'um+eren'e ,/ene)er
in*i'ate* by )isual inspe'ti%n- 6R
8*: Strai(/tness s/all be measure* a''%r*in( t% Fi(ure 1 an* Fi(ure " in ISO #1F#-
8)* Out-%+ s2uareness at pipe en*s s/all be measure* a''%r*in( t% Fi(ure # in ISO #1F#-
8)) F%r pipe ,it/ D 1;1-# mm. ea'/ linepipe s/all be ,ei(/e* in*i)i*ually- F%r pipe ,it/ D M 1;1-# mm.
t/e linepipes s/all be ,ei(/e* eit/er in*i)i*ually %r in '%n)enient l%ts sele'te* by t/e 6anu+a'turer-
8)4 T/e mass per unit len(t/. r
l
. s/all be use* +%r t/e *eterminati%n %+ pipe ,ei(/t an* s/all be 'al'ulate*
usin( t/e +%ll%,in( e2uati%n0
,/ere0
r
l
is t/e mass per unit len(t/. in &(Im
is t/e n%minal %uter *iameter. e:presse* in mm
t is t/e n%minal ,all t/i'&ness. in mm
% is 0-0";>>-
8)8 All spe'i+ie* tests s/all be re'%r*e* as a''eptable %r n%n-a''eptable-
8)4 T/e a'tual minimum an* ma:imum )alue +%r ,all t/i'&ness an* t/e *iameter %+ pipe en*s an* ma:imum
%ut-%+-r%un*ness at pipe en*s s/all be re'%r*e* +%r 10L %+ t/e spe'i+ie* tests. unless a /i(/er +re2uen'y is
a(ree*- F%r ,ei(/t an* len(t/ 100L %+ t/e a'tual measurement results s/all be re'%r*e*- Durin( 6P5T t/e
r
l
N t/(t0 Z % C<-<4
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $'$
a'tual )alue %+ all parameters +%r all inspe'te* pipes s/all be re'%r*e*-
Ta6le &-)& T!lerances +!r "ia$e%er an" !'%-!+-r!'n"ness
CmmD &re*uency
of
inspection
iameter 5ut(of(roundness
Pipe body
<0
Pipe end
J+ K0
Pipe body
J0
Pipe end
K0
S$#S 6elded S$#S 6elded
M >0-#
On'e per
test unit
;4
[ 0-= mm %r
[ 0-00<= .
,/i'/e)er
is (reater
[ 0-= mm %r
[ 0-00<= .
,/i'/e)er is
(reater. but
ma:- [ #-" mm
[ 0-= mm
%r [ 0-00= .
,/i'/e)er is
(reater.
but ma:- [ 1-> mm
In'lu*e* in t/e *iameter t%leran'e
>0-# >10 0-01= 0-01
_ >10 1;"" [ 0-01
[ 0-00= D. but
ma:- [ ;-0 mm
[ "-0
mm
[ 1->
mm
0-01 but ma:-10
mm +%r /t" <=
!y a(reement +%r
/t
"
_ <=
0-00<= but ma:-
F mm +%r /t
2
<=
!y a(reement +%r
/t
"
_ <=
_ 1;"" as a(ree*
,/ere
? Spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter
t ? spe'i+ie* n%minal ,all t/i'&ness-
4otes
14 Dimensi%ns %+ pipe b%*y t% be measure* appr%:imately in t/e mi**le %+ t/e pipe len(t/-
"4 F%r S6BS pipe. t/e t%leran'es apply +%r t "=-0 mm. an* t/e t%leran'es +%r /ea)ier ,all pipe s/all be as a(ree*-
#4 T/e pipe en* in'lu*es a len(t/ %+ 100 mm at ea'/ %+ t/e pipe e:tremities-
;4 On'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re t/an "0 len(t/s %+ pipe- F%r 1>F-# mmO %n'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re t/an 100 len(t/s %+ pipe.
but minimum %ne C14 an* ma:imum > pipes per F-/%ur s/i+t- 6RY
Y4 6R in*i'ates t/at t/e re2uirement is m%*i+ie* '%mpare* t% ISO #1F#-
Ta6le &-)2 T!lerances +!r 1all %hic0ness
Type of pipe 6all thic.ness `mma &re*uency of
inspection
Tolerances
14
S6BS
t M ;-0
100L
W 0-> mm - 0-= mm
;-0 t M 10-0 W 0-1= t - 0-1"= t
10-0 t M "=-0 [ 0-1"= t
t "=-0
W 0-10 t %r W #-< mm. ,/i'/e)er is (reater 6RY
- 0-10 t %r - #-0 mm. ,/i'/e)er is (reater 6RY
HF@. E!@. B!@ an*
6@P
"4
t >-0 [ 0-; mm
>-0 M t 1=-0 [ 0-< mm
t _ 1=-0 [ 1-0 mm
SA@
#4
t >-0 [ 0-= mm
>-0 M t 10-0 [ 0-< mm
10-0 M t "0-0 [ 1-0 mm
t _ "0-0 W 1-= mm - 1-0 mm
@/ere
t ? spe'i+ie* n%minal ,all t/i'&ness-
4otes
14 I+ t/e pur'/ase %r*er spe'i+ies a minus t%leran'e +%r ,all t/i'&ness smaller t/an t/e appli'able )alue (i)en in t/is table. t/e plus
t%leran'e +%r ,all t/i'&ness s/all be in'rease* by an am%unt su++i'ient t% maintain t/e appli'able t%leran'e ran(e-
"4 SubGe't t% a(reement a lar(er plus t%leran'e +%r metallur(i'ally 'la* pipes may be applie*- Re+eren'e is (i)en t% Se'-; 3;0<-
#4 T/e plus t%leran'e +%r ,all t/i'&ness *%es n%t apply t% t/e ,el* area-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $'&
H. Mar0ing= Deli-er7 C!n"i%i!n an" D!c'$en%a%i!n
H )** Mar0ing
)*) All mar&in( s/all be easily i*enti+iable an* *urable in %r*er t% ,it/stan* pipe l%a*in(. s/ippin(. an*
n%rmal installati%n a'ti)ities-
)*4 6ar&in( s/all in'lu*e DNV linepipe *esi(nati%n Cre+- !"00. "00 an* D"004- Ot/er type %+ mar&in(
s/all be subGe't t% a(reement-
)*8 Ea'/ linepipe s/all be mar&e* ,it/ a uni2ue number- T/e mar&in( s/all re+le't t/e '%rrelati%n bet,een
t/e pr%*u't an* t/e respe'ti)e inspe'ti%n *%'ument-
H 4** Deli-er7 c!n"i%i!n
4*) T/e *eli)ery '%n*iti%n %+ -6n steel pipe s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table <-1-
4*4 T/e internal sur+a'e %+ RA pipes s/all be pi'&le* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e pur'/ase %r*er- I+ a(ree* t/e
e:ternal sur+a'e %+ RA pipes s/all be 'leane*-
H 8** Han"ling an" s%!rage
8*) On 'ust%merAs re2uest. ea'/ linepipe s/all be pr%te'te* until ta&en int% use-
8*4 F%r temp%rary st%ra(e see Se'-> D#00-
H 4** D!c'$en%a%i!n= rec!r"s an" cer%i+ica%i!n
4*) Binepipe s/all be *eli)ere* ,it/ Inspe'ti%n erti+i'ate #-1 a''%r*in( t% Eur%pean Stan*ar* EN 10"0;
C$etallic Products ( Types of 'nspection ocuments4 %r an a''epte* e2ui)alent-
4*4 Inspe'ti%n *%'uments s/all be in printe* +%rm %r in ele'tr%ni' +%rm as an EDI transmissi%n t/at '%n+%rms
t% any EDI a(reement bet,een t/e Pur'/aser an* t/e manu+a'turer-
4*8 T/e Inspe'ti%n erti+i'ate s/all i*enti+y t/e pr%*u'ts represente* by t/e 'erti+i'ate. ,it/ re+eren'e t%
pr%*u't number. /eat number an* /eat treatment bat'/- T/e spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter. spe'i+ie* ,all
t/i'&ness. pipe *esi(nati%n. type %+ pipe. an* t/e *eli)ery '%n*iti%n s/all be state*-
4*4 T/e 'erti+i'ate s/all in'lu*e %r re+er t% t/e results %+ all spe'i+ie* inspe'ti%n. testin( an* measurements
in'lu*in( any supplementary testin( spe'i+ie* in t/e pur'/ase %r*er- F%r HF@ pipe. t/e minimum temperature
+%r /eat treatment %+ t/e ,el* seam s/all be state*-
4*# Re'%r*s +r%m t/e 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS an* %t/er *%'umentati%n s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e
re2uirements in Se'-1" 100-
;. S'((le$en%ar7 Re<'ire$en%s
; )** S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en%= H4S ser-ice .S/
)*) Binepipe +%r H
"
S ser)i'e Cals% re+erre* t% as s%ur ser)i'e4 s/all '%n+%rm t% t/e re2uirements bel%,- Se'->
!"00 pr%)i*es (ui*an'e +%r material sele'ti%n-
)*4 All man*at%ry re2uirements in ISO 1=1=>-"I# s/all apply. in '%mbinati%n ,it/ t/e a**iti%nal
re2uirements %+ t/is stan*ar*-
Ta6le &-): T!lerances +!r (i(e ge!$e%ric (r!(er%ies n!% c!-ere" in Ta6le &-)& an" &-)2
%haracteristic to be tested &re*uency of inspection Tolerances
3e%metri' *e)iati%ns Cpea&in( an* +lats4
14
10L
"4
0-00= %r "-= mm. ,/i'/e)er is less
Strai(/tness. ma:- +%r +ull len(t/ %+ pipe
=L
"4
0-001= #
Strai(/tness. ma:- *e)iati%n +%r pipe en* re(i%n
#4
# mm
Out-%+ s2uareness at pipe en*s 1-> mm +r%m true H0]
Ben(t/
100L
min- 11-<0 m an* ma:- 1"-<0 m
@ei(/t %+ ea'/ sin(le pipe I pipe bun*le -#-=L I W10L %+ n%minal ,ei(/t
T%leran'es +%r t/e pipe ,el* seam an* *ents see 3"0= an* 3"0>
,/ere # ? a'tual len(t/ %+ pipe
4otes
14 Appli'able t% ,el*e* pipes %nly
"4 Testin( %+ t/e re2uire* per'enta(e %+ t/e pipes pr%*u'e* but minimum # pipes per F-/%ur s/i+t-
#4 T/e pipe en* re(i%n in'lu*es a len(t/ %+ 1-0 m at ea'/ %+ t/e pipe e:tremities-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $''
G'i"ance n!%eF
ISO 1=1=>-1I"I#. Se'-1. states t/at t/e stan*ar* is %nly appli'able St% t/e 2uali+i'ati%n an* sele'ti%n %+ materials +%r
e2uipment *esi(ne* an* '%nstru'te* usin( '%n)enti%nal elasti' *esi(n 'riteriaT- Any *etrimental e++e'ts %+ in*u'e*
strain ,ill %nly apply i+ t/ese are imp%se* *urin( e:p%sure t% an H
"
S-'%ntainin( en)ir%nmentO /en'e. +%r manu+a'ture
an* installati%n %+ pipelines t/e restri'ti%ns imp%se* in t/e ISO stan*ar* are appli'able als% t% strain base* *esi(n-
Any restri'ti%ns +%r ma:imum all%,able strain *urin( %perati%n are bey%n* t/e s'%pe %+ t/is stan*ar*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
%($n steel
)*8 -6n steel linepipe +%r H
"
S ser)i'e s/all '%n+%rm t% Subse'ti%n !. an* t% t/e m%*i+ie* an* a**iti%nal
re2uirements bel%,. ,/i'/ '%n+%rm t% t/e re2uirements in ISO #1F# Anne: H0 SPSB " pipe %r*ere* +%r s%ur ser)i'eT-
)*4 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%ns (i)en in Table <-# an* Table <-; s/all be m%*i+ie* a''%r*in( t% Table <-"0
an* Table <-"1. respe'ti)ely-
Ta6le &-4* Che$ical c!$(!si%i!n +!r SMS an" 1el"e" C-Mn s%eel (i(e 1i%h "eli-er7 c!n"i%i!n N !r
E +!r S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en%= H
4
S ser-ice
S$9S Product analysis+ ma"imum. weight G
%
14
$n
14
S
"4
5ther
#4
Pipe ,it/ *eli)ery '%n*iti%n N - a''%r*in( t% Table <-1
";= - - 0-00# -
"H0 - - 0-00# -
#"0 - - 0-00# -
#>0 - - 0-00# -
Pipe ,it/ *eli)ery '%n*iti%n 5 - a''%r*in( t% Table <-1
";= - - 0-00# -
"H0 - - 0-00# -
#"0 - - 0-00# -
#>0 - - 0-00# -
#H0 - - 0-00# -
;1= - - 0-00# N%te
;4
;=0 - - 0-00# N%te
;4
;F= 0-1> 1->= 0-00# N%tes
;. =4
4otes
14 F%r ea'/ re*u'ti%n %+ 0-01L bel%, t/e spe'i+ie* ma:imum +%r 'arb%n. an in'rease %+ 0-0=L ab%)e t/e spe'i+ie* ma:imum +%r
man(anese is permissible. up t% a ma:imum in'rease %+ 0-"0L-
"4 I+ a(ree* t/e sulp/ur '%ntent may be in'rease* t% 0-00FL +%r S6BS an* 0-00>L +%r ,el*e* pipe. an* in su'/ 'ases l%,er
aIS may be a(ree*-
#4 8nless %t/er,ise a(ree*. +%r ,el*e* pipe ,/ere 'al'ium is intenti%nally a**e*. aIS 1-= i+
S _ 0-001=L- F%r S6BS an* ,el*e* pipe a 0-00>L-
;4 I+ a(ree* 6% 0-#=L-
=4 T/e ma:imum all%,able P
'm
)alue s/all be 0-"" +%r ,el*e* pipe an* 0-"= +%r S6BS pipe-
Ta6le &-4) Che$ical c!$(!si%i!n +!r 1el"e" C-Mn s%eel (i(e 1i%h "eli-er7 c!n"i%i!n M +!r
S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en%= H
4
S ser-ice
S$9S
Product analysis+ ma"imum. weight G
%
14
$n
14
S
"4
5ther
#4
";= 0-10 - 0-00" -
"H0 0-10 - 0-00" -
#"0 0-10 - 0-00" -
#>0 0-10 1-;= 0-00" -
#H0 0-10 1-;= 0-00" -
;1= 0-10 1-;= 0-00" N%te
;4
;=0 0-10 1->0 0-00" N%tes
;4
;F= 0-10 1->0 0-00" N%tes
;4
4otes
1 t% ;4 See Table <-"0-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $'1
)*# Va'uum *e(assin( %r alternati)e pr%'esses t% re*u'e t/e (as '%ntent %+ t/e steel s/%ul* be applie*-
)*5 T/e m%lten steel s/all be treate* +%r in'lusi%n s/ape '%ntr%l-
)*& T/e re2uirements +%r me'/ani'al pr%perties in !;00 s/all apply. e:'ept +%r t/e /ar*ness-
)*2 Durin( 6P5T an* pr%*u'ti%n. t/e /ar*ness in t/e pipe b%*y. ,el* an* HAU s/all n%t e:'ee* "=0 HV10-
I+ a(ree*. Csee ISO 1=1=>-"4 an* pr%)i*e* t/e parent pipe ,all t/i'&ness is (reater t/an H mm an* t/e ,el* 'ap
is n%t e:p%se* *ire'tly t% t/e H
"
S en)ir%nment. "<= HV10 is a''eptable +%r t/e ,el* 'ap area-
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is re'%mmen*e* t% spe'i+y a ma:imum /ar*ness %+ "#= HV10 +%r t/e base material in %r*er t% all%, +%r /ar*ness
in'rease *urin( installati%n (irt/ ,el*in(- I+ "<= HV10 is all%,e* in t/e 'ap area. t/e /ar*ness in t/e '%rresp%n*in(
base metal s/%ul* be limite* t% "=0 HV10-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*: Any /ar* sp%t lar(er t/an =0 mm in any *ire'ti%n. see Table <-<. s/all be 'lassi+ie* as a *e+e't i+ its
/ar*ness. base* up%n in*i)i*ual in*entati%ns. e:'ee*s0
1 "=0 HV10 %n t/e internal sur+a'e %+ t/e pipe. %r
1 "<= HV10 %n t/e e:ternal sur+a'e %+ t/e pipe-
Pipes t/at '%ntain su'/ *e+e'ts s/all be treate* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-D H#00-
))* T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r t/e HI test s/all be t/e +%ll%,in(. ,it/ ea'/ rati% bein( t/e ma:imum
permissible a)era(e +%r t/ree se'ti%ns per test spe'imen ,/en teste* in S%luti%n CEn)ir%nment4 A Csee Table
!-# %+ ISO 1=1=>-"40
1 'ra'& sensiti)ity rati% CSR4 "L
1 'ra'& len(t/ rati% CBR4 1=L. an*
1 'ra'& t/i'&ness rati% CTR4 =L-
I+ HI tests are '%n*u'te* in alternati)e me*ia Csee App-! !#0"4 t% simulate spe'i+i' ser)i'e '%n*iti%ns.
alternati)e a''eptan'e 'riteria may be a(ree*-
))) !y e:aminati%n %+ t/e tensi%n sur+a'e %+ t/e SS spe'imen un*er a l%, p%,er mi'r%s'%pe at P10
ma(ni+i'ati%n t/ere s/all be n% sur+a'e brea&in( +issures %r 'ra'&s. unless it 'an be *em%nstrate* t/at t/ese are
n%t t/e result %+ sulp/i*e stress 'ra'&in(-
%R) linepipe
))4 RA linepipe +%r H
"
S ser)i'e s/all '%n+%rm t% Subse'ti%n . an* t/e re'%mmen*ati%ns (i)en in Se'->
!"00-
))8 Binepipe (ra*es. ass%'iate* /ar*ness 'riteria. an* re2uirements t% manu+a'turin(I+abri'ati%n s/all
'%mply ,it/ ISO 1=1=>-#-
%lad or lined steel linepipe
))4 la* %r line* steel %r linepipe +%r H
"
S ser)i'e s/all '%n+%rm t% Subse'ti%n D. an* t% t/e m%*i+ie* an*
a**iti%nal re2uirements bel%,-
))# 6aterials sele'ti%n +%r 'la**in(Iliner. t/e ass%'iate* /ar*ness 'riteria. an* re2uirements t%
manu+a'turin( an* +abri'ati%n s/all '%mply ,it/ ISO 1=1=>-#- T/e same applies t% ,el*in( '%nsumables +%r
,el*ments e:p%se* t% t/e internal +lui*- F%r sele'ti%n %+ t/e -6n steel base material t/e '%nsi*erati%ns in
A1#-1 %+ ISO 1=1=>-# s/all apply-
))5 Durin( 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures an* pr%*u'ti%n. /ar*ness measurements s/all be per+%rme*
as %utline* in Appen*i: !- T/e /ar*ness in t/e internal /eat-a++e'te* J%ne an* in t/e +use* J%ne %+ t/e 'la**in(I
linin( s/all '%mply ,it/ rele)ant re2uirements %+ ISO 1=1=>-#-
Specific inspection
))& T/e +re2uen'y %+ inspe'ti%n s/all be as (i)en in Tables <-<. <-F. <-1". <-1#. <-1; an* <-1= as rele)ant.
an* ,it/ a**iti%nal testin( (i)en in Table <-""-
))2 HI testin( *urin( pr%*u'ti%n s/all be per+%rme* %n %ne ran*%mly sele'te* pipe +r%m ea'/ %+ t/e t/ree
C#4 +irst /eats. %r until t/ree '%nse'uti)e /eats /a)e s/%,n a''eptable test results- A+ter t/ree '%nse'uti)e /eats
/a)e s/%,n a''eptable test results. t/e testin( +re2uen'y +%r t/e subse2uent pr%*u'ti%n may be re*u'e* t% %ne
test per 'astin( se2uen'e %+ n%t m%re t/an ten C104 /eats-
)): I+ any %+ t/e tests *urin( t/e subse2uent testin( +ail. t/ree pipes +r%m t/ree *i++erent /eats %+ t/e last ten
/eats. sele'tin( t/e /eats ,it/ t/e l%,est aIS rati% Cbase* %n /eat analysis4. s/all be teste*. unless t/e S le)el
is bel%, 0-001=- F%r /eat ,it/ S le)el (reater t/an 0-001= /eats s/all be sele'te* ,it/ t/e l%,est aIS rati%-
Pr%)i*in( t/ese t/ree tests s/%, a''eptable results. t/e ten /eats are a''eptable- H%,e)er. i+ any %+ t/ese t/ree
tests +ail. t/en all t/e ten /eats s/all be teste*- Furt/er. %ne pipe +r%m e)ery '%nse'uti)e /eat s/all be teste*
until t/e test results +r%m t/ree '%nse'uti)e /eats /a)e been +%un* a''eptable- A+ter t/ree '%nse'uti)e /eats
/a)e s/%,n a''eptable test results. t/e testin( +re2uen'y may a(ain be re*u'e* t% %ne test per ten /eats-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $'2
SS% test
)4* SS testin( is re2uire* unless t/e pipe material is pre-2uali+ie* in ISO 1=1=>. see Se'-> !"0"- I+ t/e
material is pre-2uali+ie*. t/e pur'/aser may spe'i+y SS testin(- SS testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e
,it/ ISO 1=1=> "I# as appli'able- Csee Se'-> !"0"4-
; 4** S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en%= +rac%'re arres% (r!(er%ies .F/
4*) T/e re2uirements t% +ra'ture arrest pr%perties are )ali* +%r (as pipelines 'arryin( essentially pure
met/ane up t% F0L usa(e +a't%r Cre+- Table 1#-#4. up t% a pressure %+ 1= 6Pa. #0 mm ,all t/i'&ness an* 11"0
mm *iameter
Testin( s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table <-";-
4*4 A /arpy V-n%t'/ transiti%n 'ur)e s/all be establis/e* +%r t/e linepipe base material- T/e /arpy V-
n%t'/ ener(y )alue in t/e trans)erse *ire'ti%n at T
min
s/all. as a minimum. meet t/e )alues (i)en in Table <-
"#- Fi)e sets %+ spe'imens s/all be teste* at *i++erent temperatures. in'lu*in( T
min.
an* t/e results *%'umente*
in t/e 2uali+i'ati%n rep%rt-
Properties of pipe delivered without final heat treatment
4*8 T/is para(rap/ *%es n%t apply t% -6n linepipes *eli)ere* ,it/ a +inal /eat treatment Ce-(- n%rmalisin(
%r 2uen'/ an* temperin(4. %r ""r an* "=r linepipes- A /arpy V-n%t'/ transiti%n 'ur)e s/all be establis/e*
+%r t/e linepipe base material in t/e a(e* '%n*iti%n- T/e plasti' *e+%rmati%n s/all be e2ual t% t/e a'tual
*e+%rmati%n intr%*u'e* *urin( manu+a'turin( Cn% a**iti%nal strainin( is re2uire*4- T/e samples s/all be a(e*
+%r 1 /%ur at "=0]- Fi)e sets %+ spe'imens s/all be teste* at *i++erent temperatures. in'lu*in( T
min
- T/e /arpy
V-n%t'/ ener(y )alue in t/e trans)erse *ire'ti%n. at T
min
. s/all as a minimum meet t/e )alues (i)en in
Table <-"# in t/e a(e* '%n*iti%n- Values %btaine* at %t/er test temperatures are +%r in+%rmati%n-
4*4 Dr%p @ei(/t Tear Testin( CD@TT4 s/all %nly be per+%rme* %n all linepipes ,it/ %uter *iameter _ ;00
mm. ,all t/i'&ness _ F mm an* S6RS _ #>0 6Pa- A D@TT transiti%n 'ur)e s/all be establis/e* +%r t/e
linepipe base material- 6inimum +i)e sets %+ spe'imens s/all be teste* at *i++erent temperatures. in'lu*in(
T
min
- Ea'/ set s/all '%nsist %+ t,% spe'imens ta&en +r%m t/e same test '%up%n- T/e test s/all be per+%rme* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !- T/e spe'imens teste* at t/e minimum *esi(n temperature an* all temperatures
ab%)e. s/all as a minimum. meet an a)era(e %+ F=L s/ear area ,it/ %ne minimum )alue %+ <=L-
4*# I+ supplementary re2uirements +%r H
"
S ser)i'e as in I100 are spe'i+ie* +%r linepipe material ,it/ S6RS ;=0
6Pa t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria state* in I"0; Ca)era(e an* minimum s/ear area4 may be subGe't t% a(reement-
Ta6le &-44 A((lica6le %es%ing +!r S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en% S
)/
Type of pipe Type of test &re*uency of testing
)cceptance
criteria
Production tests
@el*e* -6n steel pipe HI test In a''%r*an'e ,it/ I11F an* I11H I110
Tests for $anufacturing Procedure 8ualification Test
Type %+ pipe Type %+ test Fre2uen'y %+ testin( A''eptan'e
'riteria
@el*e* -6n steel pipe HI test One test C# test pie'es4 +%r ea'/ pipe pr%)i*e*
+%r manu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n
I110
All pipe
"4
SS test I111
4otes
14 Samplin( %+ spe'imens an* test e:e'uti%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !-
"4 SS testin( is re2uire* +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels ,it/ S6RS _ ;=0 6Pa. 1#r
martensiti' stainless steels an* %t/er materials n%t liste* +%r H
"
S ser)i'e in ISO 1=1=>- See als% Se'-> !"0"-
Ta6le &-48 Char(7 D-n!%ch ;$(ac% Tes% Re<'ire$en%s +!r Frac%'re Arres% 9r!(er%ies %es%e" a% T
$in
.>!'lesJ Trans-erse Dal'esJ A-erage -al'e !+ %hree +'ll siCe 6ase $a%erial s(eci$ens/
)= 4/
6all thic.ness K= mm
#4
/mm0 4otes
14 6inimum in*i)i*ual results t% e:'ee* <=L %+
t/ese )alues. Cma: 1 spe'imen per set4
"4 T/e )alues %btaine* in t/e l%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n.
,/en teste*. s/all be at least =0L /i(/er t/an t/e
)alues re2uire* in t/e trans)erse *ire'ti%n-
#4 Fra'ture arrest pr%perties +%r lar(er ,all
t/i'&nesses an* *iameters s/all be subGe't t%
a(reement Csee Se'-= DH004
;4 S6RS ==0 +%r ""r. "=r an* 1#r
S$9S I<= LJ= <<J=
";= ;0 ;0 ;0
"H0 ;0 ;# ="
#>0 =0 >1 <=
;1= >; << H=
;=0 <# FH 10H
;F= F" 100 1";
===
;4
10# 1"> 1==
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $'3
; 8** S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en%= line(i(e +!r (las%ic "e+!r$a%i!n .9/
8*) Supplementary re2uirement CP4 is appli'able t% linepipe Cin'lu*in( -6n ba'&in( steel +%r line*I'la*
pipes4 ,/en t/e t%tal n%minal strain in any *ire'ti%n +r%m a sin(le e)ent e:'ee*s 1-0L %r a''umulate* n%minal
plasti' strain e:'ee*s "-0L- T/e re2uire* testin( is %utline* in Table <-"= an* *etaile* bel%,- T/e re2uirements
are %nly appli'able t% sin(le e)ent strains bel%, =L-
8*4 F%r pipes *eli)ere* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ supplementary re2uirement CP4. tensile testin( s/all be per+%rme*
in t/e l%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n usin( pr%p%rti%nal type spe'imens in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !. in %r*er t% meet
t/e re2uirements in I#0#- Tensile testin( in t/e l%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n a''%r*in( t% Table <-H is n%t re2uire*-
8*8 T/e *i++eren'e bet,een t/e ma:imum an* minimum measure* base material l%n(itu*inal yiel* stress
s/all n%t e:'ee* 100 6Pa pri%r t% testin( a''%r*in( t% I#0;- T/is is appli'able +%r -6n steel ,it/ S6RS up
t% an* in'lu*in( ;=0 6Pa. %t/er,ise subGe't t% a(reement-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e rati% RSITS s/%ul* n%t e:'ee* 0-H0 in %r*er t% /a)e a reas%nable strain-/ar*enin( 'apa'ity- T/is s/%ul* be
e)aluate* %n a pr%Ge't-spe'i+i' basis-
!u'&lin( %+ t/e pipeline *urin( %n-reelin( is primarily 'ause* by strain '%n'entrati%ns in t/e pipeline- T/ese strain
'%n'entrati%ns are primarily 'ause* by )ariati%n in t/i'&ness an* yiel* stress al%n( t/e pipeline- T/e strain /ar*enin(
'apability '%mbine* ,it/ a ti(/ter t%leran'e %n t/e yiel* stress are t/ere+%re (%%* measures t% miti(ate t/ese bu'&les-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Ta6le &-44 A((lica6le %es%ing +!r S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en% F
Production tests
Type of pipe Type of test &re*uency of
testing
)cceptance
criteria
All pipe D@T testin( C,it/ limitati%ns (i)e t% *imensi%ns in I"0;4 On'e per test unit
%+ n%t m%re t/an
=0I100
14
pipes
I"0; Csee als%
I"0=4
Tests for $anufacturing Procedure 8ualification Test
All pipe VN impa't testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r establis/ment %+
transiti%n 'ur)e
One test +%r ea'/
pipe pr%)i*e* +%r
manu+a'turin(
pr%'e*ure
2uali+i'ati%n
Table <-"#
"4
@el*e* pipe
e:'ept RA pipe
VN impa't testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r establis/ment %+
transiti%n 'ur)e. a(e* '%n*iti%n
#4
Table <-"#
"4
All pipe D@T testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r establis/ment %+ transiti%n
'ur)e C,it/ limitati%ns (i)e t% *imensi%ns in I"0;4
I"0; Csee als%
I"0=4
4otes
14 N%t m%re t/an 100 pipes ,it/ D =0F mm an* n%t m%re t/an =0 pipes +%r D _ =0F mm-
"4 T/e )alues %btaine* in t/e l%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n. ,/en teste*. s/all at least be =0L /i(/er t/an t/e )alues re2uire* in t/e
trans)erse *ire'ti%n-
#4 See I"0#
Ta6le &-4# A""i%i!nal %es%ing +!r S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en% 9
)/
Production tests
Type of pipe Type of test &re*uency of testing )cceptance criteria
All pipe
Tensile testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y. l%n(itu*inal
spe'imen %+ pr%p%rti%nal type
"4
On'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re t/an
=0I100
#4
pipes
I#0#
Tests for $anufacturing Procedure 8ualification Test /all testing on strained and aged samples0
Type %+ pipe Type %+ test Fre2uen'y %+ testin( A''eptan'e 'riteria
All pipe
Tensile testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y. l%n(itu*inal
spe'imen. straine* an* a(e*
"4
One test +%r %ne %+ t/e pipes
pr%)i*e* +%r manu+a'turin(
pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n
I#0F
VN impa't testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y
Har*ness testin(
@el*e* pipe
Tensile testin( %+ ,el* metal Call ,el* test4
I#0F VN impa't testin( %+ t/e seam ,el*
Har*ness testin( %+ t/e seam ,el*
4otes
14 6e'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !-
"4 Pr%p%rti%nal type spe'imens a''%r*in( t% ISO >FH" s/all be teste*. see App-! !#0F-
#4 N%t m%re t/an 100 pipes ,it/ D M =0F mm an* n%t m%re t/an =0 pipes +%r D =0F mm-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $'4
8*4 As part %+ 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e pipe material. t/e +inis/e* pipe s/all be *e+%rme* eit/er by +ull s'ale %r
simulate* *e+%rmati%n Csee App-! !110" t% !11104 as state* by t/e Pur'/aser in t/e linepipe spe'i+i'ati%n-
A+ter t/e *e+%rmati%n. spe'imens +%r me'/ani'al testin( Csee I#0> an* I#0<4 s/all be sample* in areas
representati)e %+ t/e +inal *e+%rmati%n in tensi%n. Csee Appen*i: A4- F%r +ull s'ale strainin( t/e test spe'imens.
,/i'/ s/all represent t/e strain /ist%ry en*in( up in tensi%n. s/all be e:tra'te* +r%m t/e se't%r = t% < %N'l%'&
%+ t/e pipe- 1" %N'l%'& p%siti%n is *e+ine* as t/e t%p %+ t/e pipe ,/en reelin( %n-
T/e samples s/all be arti+i'ially a(e* at "=0] +%r %ne /%ur be+%re testin(-
8*# 5uali+i'ati%n +%r Supplementary re2uirement P may be base* %n /ist%ri'al *ata t% be *%'umente* by t/e
6anu+a'turer. subGe't t% a(reement- T/is may be applie* i+ all rele)ant parameters are i*enti'al C@T. ID.
'/emi'al '%mp%siti%n. *e+%rmati%n s'enari% *urin( installati%n Ce-(- same %r less %ner%us *e+%rmati%n
s'enari%4. steelma&in(Ir%llin( pra'ti'e. /eat treatments4-
8*5 T/e +%ll%,in( testin( s/all be '%n*u'te* %+ t/e base material a+ter strainin( an* a(ein(0
1 l%n(itu*inal tensile testin(
1 /ar*ness testin(
1 /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't t%u(/ness testin(- Test temperature s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table <->-
8*& T/e +%ll%,in( testin( s/all be per+%rme* %+ t/e l%n(itu*inal ,el* seam a+ter strainin( an* a(ein(0
1 ,el* metal Call ,el*4 tensile test
1 /ar*ness testin(
1 /arpy V-n%t'/ test Ctrans)erse spe'imens4-
8*2 T/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements s/all be met a+ter strainin( an* a(ein( Csee I#0> an* I#0<40
1 RS. TS an* /ar*ness s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table <-= %r <-11. as rele)ant- Only t/e minimum )alues apply
+%r RS an* TS. an* ma:imum )alues +%r /ar*ness-
1 t/e el%n(ati%n s/all be minimum 1=L
1 /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't t%u(/ness an* /ar*ness s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table <-= %r <-11. as appli'able-
8*: I+ t/e supplementary re2uirement +%r H
"
S ser)i'e CS4 an*I%r +ra'ture arrest pr%perties CF4 is re2uire*. t/e
testin( +%r t/ese supplementary re2uirements s/all be per+%rme* %n samples t/at are rem%)e*. straine* an*
arti+i'ially a(e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ I#0;- T/e rele)ant a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be met-
; 4** S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en%= "i$ensi!ns .D/
4*) Supplementary re2uirements +%r en/an'e* *imensi%nal re2uirements +%r linepipe CD4 are (i)en in Table
<-">- Implementin( supplementary re2uirement D s/%ul* be *%ne by t/e Pur'/aser '%nsi*erin( t/e in+luen'e
%+ *imensi%ns an* t%leran'es %n t/e subse2uent +abri'ati%nIinstallati%n a'ti)ities an* t/e ,el*in( +a'ilities t%
be use*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Supplementary re2uirement D is bene+i'ial +%r l%'al bu'&lin( *urin( reel-lay installati%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $'5
; #** S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en%= high '%ilisa%i!n .U/
#*) F%r ,el*e* pipes. supplementary re2uirement 8 *%es %nly '%nsi*er t/e S6RS at ambient temperature
in t/e trans)erse *ire'ti%n- F%r seamless pipes *eli)ere* in t/e 2uen'/e* an* tempere* '%n*iti%n testin( may
be '%n*u'te* in t/e l%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n-
#*4 T/e test re(ime (i)en in t/is sub-se'ti%n inten*s t% ensure t/at t/e a)era(e yiel* stress is at least t,%
stan*ar* *e)iati%ns ab%)e S6RS- T/e testin( s'/eme applies t% pr%*u'ti%n in e:'ess %+ =0 test units-
Alternati)e ,ays %+ *%'umentin( t/e same base* up%n earlier test results in t/e same pr%*u'ti%n is all%,e*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e %utline* test re(ime is re2uire* t% be able t% meet Supplementary re2uirement 8. but as state* ab%)e. e)en i+ all
teste* pipes +ul+il t/e re2uirements +%r t/e (ra*e in 2uesti%n t/e pipes *% n%t ne'essary +ul+il t/e re2uirements +%r
supplementary re2uirement 8-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
$andatory mechanical testing
#*8 T/e testin( +re2uen'y s/all '%mply ,it/ Table <-< %r Table <-1". as appli'able-
#*4 I+ t/e results +r%m t/e man*at%ry testin( meet t/e re2uirement S6RS 1-0#. n% +urt/er testin( is
re2uire* in %r*er t% a''ept t/e test unit-
#*# I+ t/e result +r%m t/e man*at%ry testin( +alls bel%, S6RS. t/e re-test pr%(ram (i)en in I=0< s/all apply-
%onfirmatory mechanical testing
#*5 I+ t/e man*at%ry test result +alls bet,een S6RS 1-0# an* S6RS. t/en t,% C"4 '%n+irmat%ry tests ta&en
+r%m t,% C"4 *i++erent pipes Ca t%tal %+ t,% tests4 ,it/in t/e same test unit s/all be per+%rme*-
I+ t/e '%n+irmat%ry tests meet S6RS. t/e test unit is a''eptable-
I+ %ne %r b%t/ %+ t/e '%n+irmat%ry tests +all bel%, S6RS. t/e re-test pr%(ram (i)en in I=0F s/all apply-
Re(testing
Ta6le &-45 S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en%s D= enhance" %!lerances an"H!r increase" +re<'enc7 !+
ins(ec%i!n
)/
Type of
pipe
%haracteristic to be tested Pipe diameter
&re*uency of
inspection
Tolerances
All. e:'ept
Bine*Ila*
Diameter pipe en*s -
Ea'/ pipe
en*
As per Table <-1<
Out-%+-r%un*ness. pipe en*s. /t <= >10 M 1;"" 0-00<= . but ma:- =-0 mm
S6BS @all t/i'&ness t 10-0 mm (
Ea'/ pipe
[ 0-10 t. but ma:- [#-0 mm
HF@ pipe
@all t/i'&ness t >-0 mm ( [ 0-= mm
"4
@all t/i'&ness t _ >-0 t% 10-0 mm ( [ 0-> mm
"4
@all t/i'&ness t _ 10-0 t% 1=-0 mm [ 0-< mm
"4
@all t/i'&ness t _ 1=-0 t% "0-0 mm ( [ 0-F mm
"4
@all t/i'&ness t > "0-0 mm ( [ 1-0 mm
"4
3e%metri' *e)iati%ns Cpea&in( an*
+lats4 at pipe en*s
( 10L
0-00= %r 1-= mm. ,/i'/e)er is
less
SA@ @all t/i'&ness t >-0 mm (
Ea'/ pipe
[ 0-= mm "4
@all t/i'&ness t _ >-0 t% 10-0 mm ( [ 0-> mm
"4
@all t/i'&ness t _ 10-0 t% "0-0 mm ( [ 0-F mm
"4
@all t/i'&ness t > "0-0 mm ( [ 1-0 mm
"4
3e%metri' *e)iati%ns Cpea&in( an*
+lats4 at pipe en*s
( 10L
0-00= %r 1-= mm. ,/i'/e)er is
less
Bine*Ila*
Diameter pipe en*s -
Ea'/ pipe
en*
[1-0 mm
Out-%+-r%un*ness pipe en*s -
0-00<= . but ma:- #-0 mm
,/ere
? spe'i+ie* n%minal %utsi*e *iameterV
t ? spe'i+ie* n%minal ,all t/i'&ness-
4otes
14 F%r t%leran'es n%t spe'i+ie* in t/is table. t/e *imensi%nal t%leran'es in Table <-1< t% Table <-1H s/all apply-
"4 SubGe't t% a(reement a lar(er plus t%leran'e +%r metallur(i'ally 'la* pipes may be applie*- Re+eren'e is (i)en t% Se'-; 3;0<-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $'6
#*& I+ t/e result +r%m t/e man*at%ry testin( +alls bel%, S6RS. +%ur C;4 re-tests ta&en +r%m +%ur C;4 *i++erent
pipes Ca t%tal %+ ; tests4. ,it/in t/e same test unit. s/all be teste*- I+ t/e +%ur re-tests meet S6RS. t/e test unit
is a''eptable- I+ %ne %+ t/e re-tests +all bel%, S6RS t/e test unit s/all be reGe'te*-
#*2 I+ %ne %r b%t/ %+ t/e '%n+irmat%ry tests +ail t% meet S6RS. t,% C"4 re-tests ta&en +r%m ea'/ %+ t,% C"4
*i++erent pipes ,it/in t/e same test unit s/all be teste* Ca t%tal %+ ; tests4- I+ all re-tests meet S6RS. t/e test
unit is a''eptable- I+ any %+ t/e re-tests +all bel%, S6RS. t/e test unit s/all be reGe'te*-
#*: Re-testin( %+ +aile* pipes is n%t permitte*-
#)* I+ t/e test results are in+luen'e* by impr%per samplin(. ma'/inin(. preparati%n. treatment %r testin(. t/e
test sample s/all be repla'e* by a '%rre'tly prepare* sample +r%m t/e same pipe. an* a ne, test per+%rme*-
#)) I+ a test unit /as been reGe'te* a+ter re-testin( CI=0< an* I=0F ab%)e4. t/e 6anu+a'turer may '%n*u't re-
/eat treatment %+ t/e test unit %r in*i)i*ual testin( %+ all t/e remainin( pipes in t/e test unit- I+ t/e t%tal reGe'ti%n
%+ all t/e pipes ,it/in %ne test unit e:'ee*s 1=L. in'lu*in( t/e pipes +ailin( t/e man*at%ry an*I%r '%n+irmat%ry
tests. t/e test unit s/all be reGe'te*-
#)4 In t/is situati%n. t/e 6anu+a'turer s/all in)esti(ate an* rep%rt t/e reas%n +%r +ailure an* s/all '/an(e t/e
manu+a'turin( pr%'ess i+ re2uire*- Re-2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS is re2uire* i+ t/e a(ree* all%,e* )ariati%n %+
any parameter is e:'ee*e*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $1%
SECT;ON 2
CONSTRUCT;ON - COM9ONENTS AND 9;9E;NE ASSEM3;ES
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is Se'ti%n spe'i+ies re2uirements t% t/e '%nstru'ti%n %+ t/e '%mp%nents as *e+ine* in Table F-1 an*
pipeline assemblies. see Se'-1 "0F-
A 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) T/is se'ti%n is appli'able t% pressure '%ntainin( '%mp%nents liste* in Table F-1 use* in t/e submarine
pipeline system- Desi(n %+ '%mp%nents s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-= F-
4*4 6aterials sele'ti%n +%r '%mp%nents s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'->-
A 8** S7s%e$a%ic re-ie1
8*) T/e %)erall re2uirements t% systemati' re)ie, in Se'-" ,ill +%r t/is se'ti%n apply +%r t/e '%mp%nent
manu+a'turers an* imply0
1 Re)ie, %+ t/is Se'ti%n an* e)aluate i+ t/e re2uirements in t/e Pur'/ase Or*er an* %+ t/is stan*ar* 'an be met-
1 I*enti+y any p%ssible t/reats. e)aluate t/e p%ssible '%nse2uen'es an* *e+ine ne'essary reme*ial measures-
A 4** E'ali%7 ass'rance
4*) Re2uirements +%r 2uality assuran'e are (i)en in Se'-" !=00- %rresp%n*in( re2uirements +%r t/e
material pr%'essin( an* t/e manu+a'ture %+ '%mp%nents s/all be spe'i+ie*-
3. C!$(!nen% Re<'ire$en%s
3 )** General
)*) Re+eren'es t% re2uirements are liste* in Table F-1-
)*4 In para(rap/s %+ subse'ti%n !"00 t% !>00. ISO re+eren'es are (i)en bet,een slas/es. e-(-0 IAnne: AI-
T/e para(rap/ te:t s/all be rea* as eit/er a**iti%nal %r m%*i+ie* re2uirement t% ISO 1==H0 I ISO 1;<"#-
Ta6le 2-) Man'+ac%'re an" %es%ing !+ (i(eline c!$(!nen%s an" (i(eline asse$6lies
%omponents
Re*uirements for
manufacture and testing
given in this section
Reference code and applicable class or designation
14
!en*s
"4
!#00 ISO 1==H0-1. PSB " +%r n%n-H
"
S an* PSB "S +%r H
"
S
ser)i'e
Fittin(s
"4#4
!;00 ISO 1==H0-". lass +%r n%n-s%ur an* lass S +%r
s%ur ser)i'e
Flan(es
"4
!=00 ISO 1==H0-#. Desi(nati%n CB4 +%r n%n-s%ur an*
*esi(nati%n CBS4 +%r s%ur ser)i'e
Val)es
"4
!>00 ISO 1;<"#
6e'/ani'al '%nne't%rs
"4
!<00 AS6E VIII Di)-" I EN 1#;;= I PD==00
;4
P Is%lati%n G%ints
"4
!F00 AS6E VIII Di)-" I EN 1#;;= I PD==00
;4
An'/%r +lan(es
"4
!H00 See Table =-1=
!u'&le an* +ra'ture arrest%rs !1000
Pi( traps
"4
!1100 AS6E VIII Di)-" I EN 1#;;= I PD==00
;4
Repair 'lamps an* repair
'%uplin(s
"4
!1"00 DNV-RP-F11# CAPI RP ""01 +%r /%t taps4
;4
Pipeline assemblies F
4otes
14 T/e liste* re+eren'e '%*es %nly '%)er -6n steels. +%r %t/er materials re+eren'e is (i)en t% t/is se'ti%n-
"4 Supplementary re2uirements F. P. D %r 8 are n%t appli'able-
#4 Fittin(s in'lu*e0 Elb%,s. 'aps. tees. ,yes. sin(le %r multiple e:tru*e* /ea*ers. re*u'ers an* transiti%n se'ti%ns-
;4 N%t '%)ere* by spe'i+i' re+eren'e '%*e. /%,e)er. t/ese '%*es are liste* as rele)ant '%*es-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $1$
3 4** C!$(!nen% s(eci+ica%i!n
4*) A '%mp%nent spe'i+i'ati%n re+le'tin( t/e results %+ t/e materials sele'ti%n Csee Se'-> !4. an* re+errin( t%
t/is se'ti%n %+ t/e %++s/%re stan*ar*. s/all be prepare* by t/e Pur'/aser- T/e spe'i+i'ati%n s/all state any
a**iti%nal re2uirements t% an*I%r *e)iati%ns +r%m t/is stan*ar* pertainin( t% materials. manu+a'ture.
+abri'ati%n an* testin( %+ linepipe- F%r '%mp%nents '%)ere* by ISO 1==H0. see Table F-1. t/e '%mp%nent
spe'i+i'ati%n s/%ul* pre+erably re+er t% t/e appli'able ISO stan*ar* ,it/ ne'essary m%*i+i'ati%ns in line ,it/
t/is se'ti%n %+ DNV-OS-F101-
3 8** ;n"'c%i!n 6en"s a""i%i!nal an" $!"i+ie" re<'ire$en%s %! ;SO )##:*-)
8*) IAnne: AI T/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal re2uirements s/all be state* in t/e 6PS0
1 t/e number an* l%'ati%n %+ t/e pyr%meters use* Cminimum t,%. l%'ate* 1"0 t% 1F0] apart4 an* t/e
all%,able temperature *i++eren'e bet,een t/em
1 t/e 'entrin( t%leran'es +%r t/e '%il
1 t/e number %+ ,ater n%JJles an* +l%, rate-
8*4 IH-1I T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ -6n steel m%t/er pipe. in'lu*in( t/e ba'&in( steel %+ 'la* m%t/er
pipe. s/all be in a(reement ,it/ t/e '%mp%siti%n +%r t/e linepipe (ra*es liste* in Tables <-#. <-;. <-"0 %r <-"1
in Se'-<- T/e ma:imum 'arb%n e2ui)alent CE4 %+ 2uen'/e* an* tempere* %r n%rmalise* -6n steel m%t/er
pipe C*eli)ery '%n*iti%n N %r 5. respe'ti)ely4 s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table F-"- T/e 'arb%n e2ui)alent CP
'm
4 %+
t/erm%-me'/ani'al +%rme* %r r%lle* -6n steel m%t/er pipe C*eli)ery '%n*iti%n 64 s/all be ma:imum 0-0"
/i(/er t/an as re2uire* in Table <-;-
8*8 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ m%t/er pipe +%r RA materials s/all meet t/e appli'able re2uirements +%r
t/e rele)ant material type an* (ra*e (i)en in Se'-<-
6%t/er pipe s/all be subGe'te* t% NDT as re2uire* +%r linepipe in Se'-<. e:'ept NDT %+ m%t/er pipe en*s i+
t/e en*s ,ill be 'ut %++ *urin( ben* +abri'ati%n-
In*u'ti%n ben*s s/all n%t be pr%*u'e* +r%m RA line* steel pipe-
G'i"ance n!%eF
H%t e:pan*e* m%t/er pipe may e:perien'e *imensi%nal instability a+ter p%st ben*in( /eat treatment-
!en*s may be ma*e +r%m spare se'ti%ns %+ n%rmal linepipe- It s/%ul* be n%te* t/at linepipe. parti'ularly pipe
manu+a'ture* +r%m T6P plate. may n%t /a)e a*e2uate /ar*enability t% a'/ie)e t/e re2uire* me'/ani'al pr%perties
a+ter in*u'ti%n ben*in( an* subse2uent p%st ben*in( /eat treatment-
6%t/er pipe %+ RA 'la* -6n steel s/%ul* pre+erably be l%n(itu*inally ,el*e* pipe manu+a'ture* +r%m r%ll b%n*e*
plate
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*4 All m%t/er pipes s/all be mill pressure teste* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-< E. ,/ere Se'-< E10< *%es n%t
apply-
8*# IH-" an* Table 1I T/e +%ll%,in( parameters s/all be a**iti%nal t% %r m%*i+i'ati%n %+ t/e essential
)ariables (i)en in Table F-"0
1 1eat of steel: T/is essential )ariable s/all be repla'e* by0 /an(e in la*le analysis +%r -6n steels %utsi*e
[ 0-0"L . [ 0-0# E an*I%r [ 0-0" in P'm. %r any '/an(e in n%minal '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n +%r RAAs-
1 Any '/an(e in number an* p%siti%n %+ pyr%meters use* an* in t/e all%,able temperature *i++eren'e
bet,een t/e pyr%meters-
1 Any '/an(e in t/e state* t%leran'es +%r '%il 'entrin(-
1 Any '/an(e in t/e number an* siJe %+ '%%lin( n%JJles an* +l%, rate %r ,ater pressure-
Ta6le 2-4 Car6!n e<'i-alen% -al'es +!r $!%her (i(e
S$9S %!
14
+ ma".
";= 0-#>
"H0 0-#F
#"0 0-;0
#>0 0-;#
#H0 0-;#
;1= 0-;;
;=0 0-;=
;F= 0-;>
=== 0-;<
4ote
14 A''%r*in( t% Table <-#
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $1&
8*5 IH-;I Heat treatment e2uipment an* pr%'e*ures s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ D=00-
8*& I10-;-;-"I Har*ness s/all be measure* in Har*ness Vi'&ers-
8*2 ITable " an* 10-;-#I F%r ben*s +r%m m%t/er pipe ,it/ n%minal ,all t/i'&ness (reater t/an "= mm.
a**iti%nal VN testin( s/all *urin( 6P5T be per+%rme* at mi* t/i'&ness in t/e +%ll%,in( l%'ati%ns0
1 transiti%n J%ne base metal Ci+ appli'able4
1 ben* e:tra*%s base metal
1 ben* intra*%s base metal
1 ben* ,el* metal-
A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r me'/ani'al testin( s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in Table <-= %r Table <-11 as
appli'able- VN test temperature s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Table <->-
8*: I10-;-=I Sur+a'e /ar*ness testin( usin( p%rtable e2uipment s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/
Appen*i: !-
8)* I10-;->I F%r metall%(rap/i' e)aluati%n %+ RA %r 'la* in*u'ti%n ben*s. t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be
in a''%r*an'e ,it/ in Se'-< ;00 an* =00-
8)) I10-=I A**iti%nal NDT testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D. sub-se'ti%n H as
appli'able-
A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r t/e a**iti%nal testin( s/all be a''%r*in( Appen*i: D. sub-se'ti%n H-
8)4 I10->I O)ality %+ 'r%ss se'ti%ns s/all be &ept ,it/in t/e spe'i+ie* t%leran'es- T/e ben* ra*ius s/all be as
spe'i+ie* by t/e Pur'/aser. an* lar(e en%u(/ Ce-(- = %uter *iameter4 t% all%, passa(e %+ inspe'ti%n )e/i'les
,/en rele)ant-
Dimensi%nal '%ntr%l s/all in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal %r m%*i+ie* tests an* a''eptan'e 'riteria0
1 ID at ben* en*s Cal,ays measure ID4 s/all be ,it/in [ # mm
1 %ut-%+-r%un*ness %+ ben* en*s s/all be ma:imum 1-=L an* ma:imum #L +%r t/e b%*y. unless stri'ter
re2uirements in ISO 1==H0-1
1 t/e in'lu*e* an(le bet,een t/e 'entrelines %+ t/e strai(/t p%rti%ns %+ t/e ben* s/all be ,it/in [0-<=]
1 i*enti+i'ati%n %+ ,el* seam l%'ati%n. i-e- 'l%'& p%siti%n. an*
1 en* s2uareness s/all be ,it/in [ 0-=]. ma:imum # mm-
8)8 I10-<I 3au(in( s/all be per+%rme* as spe'i+ie* in t/e %mp%nent spe'i+i'ati%n. see Se'-> #00-
8)4 I10-FI Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all '%mply ,it/ Se'-= !"01 an* per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 3100-
8)# I1"-0I 6ar&in( re2uirements s/all be spe'i+ie* t% *istin(uis/ bet,een ben*s manu+a'ture* an* teste* t%
t/e re2uirements ab%)e an* unm%*i+ie* ISO 1==H0-1 ben*s-
3 4** Fi%%ings - a""i%i!nal re<'ire$en%s %! ;SO )##:*-4
4*) T/e +%ll%,in( '%mp%nents s/all be *e+ine* as +ittin(s0 Elb%,s. 'aps. tees. ,yes. sin(le %r multiple
e:tru*e* /ea*ers. re*u'ers an* transiti%n se'ti%ns-
4*4 I>-"I Tees an* /ea*ers s/all be %+ t/e inte(ral Cn%n-,el*e*4 rein+%r'ement type- Outlets s/%ul* be
e:tru*e*- !ars %+ barre* tees an* ,yes s/all n%t be ,el*e* *ire'tly t% t/e /i(/ stress areas ar%un* t/e e:trusi%n
ne'&- It is re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e bars trans)erse t% t/e +l%, *ire'ti%n are ,el*e* t% a pup pie'e. an* t/at t/e
bars parallel t% t/e +l%, *ire'ti%n are ,el*e* t% t/e trans)erse bars %nly- I+ t/is is impra'ti'al. alternati)e
*esi(ns s/all be '%nsi*ere* in %r*er t% a)%i* pea& stresses at t/e bar en*s-
4*8 I<I T/e in+%rmati%n re2uire* in Se'-> #0" s/all be pr%)i*e*-
4*4 IFI T/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal in+%rmati%n s/all be pr%)i*e*0
T/e 6PS s/%ul* spe'i+y t/e +%ll%,in( items. as appli'able0
a4 F%r t/e startin( material
1 *eli)ery '%n*iti%n
1 '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n. an*
1 NDT pr%'e*ures +%r e:aminati%n %+ startin( materials-
b4 F%r +ittin( manu+a'ture
1 NDT pr%'e*ures
1 /y*r%stati' test pr%'e*ures
1 *imensi%nal '%ntr%l pr%'e*ures
1 '%atin( an* pr%te'ti%n pr%'e*ures
1 /an*lin(. l%a*in( an* s/ippin( pr%'e*ures. an*
1 at-site installati%n re'%mmen*ati%ns-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $1'
F%r S%ne-%++T +ittin(s *esi(ne* an* manu+a'ture* +%r a spe'i+i' purp%se. t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal in+%rmati%n
s/all be pr%)i*e*0
1 plan an* pr%'ess +l%, *es'ripti%nI*ia(ram
1 %r*er spe'i+i' 2uality plan in'lu*in( supply %+ material an* sub'%ntra'ts. an*
1 manu+a'turin( pr%'esses in'lu*in( pr%'ess- an* pr%'ess '%ntr%l pr%'e*ures-
4*# IF-"I Startin( material s/all be subGe't t% 100L NDT at an appr%priate sta(e %+ manu+a'ture a''%r*in( t%0
1 -6n steel an* *uple: stainless steel pipe s/all be teste* as re2uire* in Se'-< %r App-D "00-
1 Appen*i: D !"00. +%r RT %+ ,el*s in startin( materials %t/er t/an pipe
1 Appen*i: D !#00 %r !;00 as appli'able. +%r 8T %+ ,el*s in startin( materials %t/er t/an pipe
1 Appen*i: D D"00. +%r -6n steel +%r(in(s
1 Appen*i: D D#00. +%r *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s
1 Appen*i: D "00. +%r 8T %+ plate material
,it/ a''eptan'e 'riteria a''%r*in( t% t/e '%rresp%n*in( re2uirements %+ Appen*i: D-
SubGe't t% a(reement. e2ui)alent NDT stan*ar*s ,it/ re(ar* t% met/%* an* a''eptan'e 'riteria may be applie*-
4*5 IF-#-"I @el*in( an* repair ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 2uali+ie* pr%'e*ures meetin(
t/e re2uirements in Appen*i: -
4*& IF-#-#I Heat treatment e2uipment an* pr%'e*ures s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ D=00-
4*2 IH-"I Testin( re2uirements s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ E100-
4*: ITable "I Inspe'ti%n. testin( an* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ lass ,it/ t/e
+%ll%,in( a**iti%nal re2uirements0
1 t/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n +%r '%mp%nents s/all be m%*i+ie* a''%r*in( t% "00
1 t/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ *uple: stainless steel materials s/all be a''%r*in( t% #00
1 me'/ani'al an* /ar*ness testin( %+ ,el* seams s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: ! an*
a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ E"00 an* E#00 as appli'able
1 sur+a'e /ar*ness testin( %+ +ittin(s %+ lass S s/all be per+%rme* ,it/ a''eptan'e 'riteria a''%r*in( t%
H-;-;-"
1 metall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n +%r ,el*s an* b%*y %+ *uple: stainless steel +ittin(s s/all be per+%rme* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: ! an* ,it/ a''eptan'e 'riteria a''%r*in( t% E#00
1 HI testin( s/all be per+%rme* %n +ittin(s in lass S manu+a'ture* +r%m r%lle* material as re2uire* in
Table F-;
1 "=r *uple: stainless steel +ittin(s s/all be '%rr%si%n teste* as re2uire* in Table F-;. an*
1 NDT %+ +ittin( b%*ies s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% !=1"-
4)* ITable #I T/e e:tent %+ testin( an* e:aminati%n s/all '%mprise t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal re2uirements0
1 t/e test unit *e+initi%n s/all be amen*e* t%0 Fittin( %r test pie'e %+ t/e same *esi(nati%n. startin( material
,all t/i'&ness. /eat. manu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n an* /eat treatment bat'/
1 sur+a'e /ar*ness tests s/all be per+%rme* %n t,% +ittin(s per test unit
1 metall%(rap/y %+ *uple: stainless steel +ittin(s ,it/ t/e lar(est t/i'&ness e:'ee*in( "= mm s/all be
per+%rme* as %ne per test unit
1 HI testin( s/all be per+%rme* +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS +%r +ittin(s in lass S manu+a'ture* +r%m
r%lle* material. an*
1 "=r *uple: stainless steel +ittin(s s/all be '%rr%si%n teste* +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS. in a''%r*an'e ,it/
Table F-;-
4)) ITable " an* H-=I NDT %+ ea'/ '%mplete* +ittin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e Table ". lass
,it/ t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal re2uirements0
1 t/e b%*y %+ +ittin(s manu+a'ture* +r%m plates an* pipes s/all be subGe't t% 100L ma(neti' parti'le testin(
+%r -6n steels an* 100L *ye penetrantIe**y 'urrent testin( +%r *uple: stainless steel
1 t/e e:trusi%n area +%r tees an* /ea*ers ,it/ a*G%inin( pipe ,all t/i'&ness 1" mm s/all be subGe't t% 100L
)%lumetri' ultras%ni' an* 100L ma(neti' parti'le testin( +%r -6n steels an* 100L )%lumetri' ultras%ni'
an* 100L *ye penetrantIe**y 'urrent testin( +%r *uple: stainless steel
1 t/e e:trusi%n area +%r tees an* /ea*ers ,it/ a*G%inin( pipe ,all t/i'&ness M 1" mm s/all be subGe't t% 100L
ma(neti' parti'le testin( +%r -6n steels an* 100L *ye penetrantIe**y 'urrent testin( +%r *uple: stainless
steel
1 %)erlay ,el*s s/all be teste* 100L-
4)4 NDT s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D Cas appli'able40
1 ;00. +%r )isual inspe'ti%n
1 D"00. +%r -6nIl%, all%y steel +%r(in(s
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $11
1 D#00. +%r *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s
1 "0> t/r%u(/ "1#. +%r 8T %+ a =0 mm ,i*e ban* insi*e en*sIbe)els
1 ""1. +%r 6T %+ en*sIbe)els
1 """. +%r PT %+ en*sIbe)els
1 !"00. +%r RT %+ ,el*s
1 !#00. +%r 8T %+ ,el*s in -6nIl%, all%y steel
1 !;00. +%r 8T %+ ,el*s in *uple: stainless steel
1 !=00. +%r 6T %+ ,el*s in -6nIl%, all%y steel
1 !>00. +%r DP %+ ,el*s in *uple: stainless steel
1 #00. +%r %)erlay ,el*s
1 D;00. +%r )isual inspe'ti%n %+ +%r(in(s
1 !F00. +%r )isual inspe'ti%n %+ ,el*s. an*
1 =00. +%r resi*ual ma(netism-
A''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e '%rresp%n*in( re2uirements %+ Appen*i: D-
4)8 IH-FI Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all '%mply ,it/ Se'-= !"01 an* per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 3100-
4)4 I11I 6ar&in( re2uirements s/all be spe'i+ie* t% *istin(uis/ bet,een +ittin(s manu+a'ture* an* teste* t%
t/e re2uirements ab%)e an* unm%*i+ie* ISO 1==H0-" +ittin(s-
3 #** Flanges an" +lange" c!nnec%i!ns - a""i%i!nal re<'ire$en%s %! ;SO )##:*-8
#*) I<I T/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal in+%rmati%n s/all be pr%)i*e*0
1 re2uire* *esi(n li+e
1 n%minal *iameters. D %r ID. %ut %+ r%un*ness an* ,all t/i'&ness +%r a*G%inin( pipes in'lu*in( re2uire*
t%leran'es
1 *imensi%nal re2uirements an* t%leran'e i+ *i++erent +r%m ISO <00=-1
1 minimum *esi(n temperature Cl%'al4
1 ma:imum *esi(n temperature Cl%'al4
1 e:ternal l%a*s an* m%ments t/at ,ill be trans+erre* t% t/e '%mp%nent +r%m t/e '%nne'tin( pipeline un*er
installati%n an* %perati%n an* any en)ir%nmental l%a*s Ce-(- n%minal l%n(itu*inal strain4
1 material type an* (ra*e. *eli)ery '%n*iti%n. '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n an* me'/ani'al pr%perties at *esi(n
temperature
1 re2uire* testin(
1 '%rr%si%n resistant ,el* %)erlay-
#*4 IFI O)erlay ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% 2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ures meetin( t/e
re2uirements %+ Appen*i: -
#*8 IF-1I T/e 6PS s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ D100-
#*4 IF-" 9 Table ;I
1 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n +%r +lan(es s/all be m%*i+ie* a''%r*in( t% "00-
1 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ *uple: stainless steel materials s/all be a''%r*in( t% #00-
#*# IF-;I Heat treatment e2uipment an* pr%'e*ures s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ D=00-
#*5 ITable #I 6e'/ani'al testin( s/all be per+%rme* ,it/ t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal re2uirements0
1 Tensile. impa't an* t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness /ar*ness s/all be per+%rme* %n'e per test unit ,it/ t/e test unit
*e+ine* asO Flan(es %+ t/e same siJe. /eat. manu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n an* /eat treatment bat'/-
1 Sur+a'e /ar*ness testin( s/all be per+%rme* %n'e per test unit +%r +lan(es in 'lass BS-
1 6e'/ani'al. /ar*ness an* '%rr%si%n testin( %+ +lan(es s/all be per+%rme* as re2uire* by E100. a''eptan'e
'riteria t% E"00 %r E#00 as appli'able-
1 6etall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n +%r *uple: stainless steel +lan(es s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% E100. ,it/
a''eptan'e 'riteria a''%r*in( t% E#00-
#*& ITable =I T/e impa't test temperature +%r -6n steel an* l%, all%y +lan(es s/all be 10] bel%, t/e
minimum *esi(n temperature +%r all t/i'&nesses an* 'ate(%ries-
#*2 IH-;-;I Har*ness in*entati%n l%'ati%ns s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table F-;-
#*: IH-;-=I 6etall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n %+ *uple: stainless steel s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/
Appen*i: !. ,it/ a''eptan'e 'riteria a''%r*in( t% Se'-< ;00-
#)* IH-;-> 9 H-;-<I %rr%si%n testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table F-;-
#)) IH-=-;I T/e e:tent %+ NDT s/all be100L ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ +err%ma(neti' materials an* 100L
li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ n%n ma(neti' materials- A per'enta(e test is n%t permitte*-
#)4 IH-=-=I 100L ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e +inal =0 mm %+ ea'/ en* %+ t/e +lan(e s/all be per+%rme*- 100L
ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e +irst 10 +lan(es %+ ea'/ type an* siJe %r*ere*- I+ n% *e+e'ts are +%un* *urin( t/e testin(
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $12
%+ t/e +irst 10 +lan(es %+ ea'/ type an* siJe %r*ere* t/e e:tent %+ testin( may be re*u'e* t% 10L %+ ea'/ siJe
an* type- I+ *e+e'ts are +%un* in any teste* +lan(e. all +lan(es %+ t/e same siJe. /eat. manu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure
spe'i+i'ati%n an* /eat treatment bat'/ s/all be 100L teste*-
All +lan(es s/all be subGe't t% 100L )isual inspe'ti%n-
#)8 NDT s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D %r ISO Cas appli'able40
1 6a(neti' parti'le testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-D D"00 %r ISO 1#>>;
1 Bi2ui* penetrant testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-D D#00 %r ISO 1"0H=
1 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ -6nIl%, all%y steel +%r(in(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-D D"00
1 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-D D#00
1 Testin( %+ %)erlay ,el*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-D #00
1 Visual e:aminati%n s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-D D;00
A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r +%r(in(s s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e '%rresp%n*in( re2uirements %+ App-D D=00
an* +%r %)erlay ,el*s %nly. in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-D >00-
SubGe't t% a(reement. e2ui)alent NDT stan*ar*s ,it/ re(ar* t% met/%* an* a''eptan'e 'riteria may be applie*-
#)4 IH->I F%r +lan(es ,it/ spe'i+ie* *imensi%ns an* t%leran'es *i++erent +r%m ISO <00=-1. t/ese spe'i+ie*
re2uirements s/all be met-
#)# IH-<I Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all '%mply ,it/ Se'-= !"01 an* per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 3100-
#)5 IH-HI Repair ,el*in( %+ +lan(e b%*ies is n%t permitte*-
#)& I11I 6ar&in( re2uirements s/all be spe'i+ie* t% *istin(uis/ bet,een +lan(es manu+a'ture* an* teste* t%
t/e re2uirements ab%)e an* unm%*i+ie* ISO 1==H0-# +lan(es-
&langed connections
#)2 Sealin( rin(s s/all be '%mpatible ,it/ t/e +inis/ an* sur+a'e r%u(/ness %+ t/e +lan(e '%nta't +a'es-
#): Sealin( rin(s s/all be 'apable %+ ,it/stan*in( t/e ma:imum pressure t% ,/i'/ t/ey '%ul* be subGe'te*.
as ,ell as installati%n +%r'es i+ +lan(es are lai* in-line ,it/ t/e pipeline- Sealin( rin(s +%r +lan(es s/all be ma*e
+r%m metalli' materials t/at are resistant t% t/e +lui* t% be transp%rte* in t/e pipeline system- 6e'/ani'al
pr%perties s/all be maintaine* at t/e anti'ipate* in ser)i'e pressures an* temperatures-
#4* !%lts s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in =00-
#4) F%r t/e use %+ ANSI. RT7 an* %ri+i'e +lan(es it must be ensure* t/at t/e +lan(es are suitable +%r subsea
use. e-(- by means %+ materials '%mpatibility an* use %+ )ent /%les t% a)%i* ,ater trappin( an* pressure buil*
up in t/e (r%%)e area +%r (as&ets-
3 5** Dal-es a""i%i!nal re<'ire$en%s %! ;SO )4&48
5*) IAnne: !I T/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal in+%rmati%n s/all be pr%)i*e*0
1 *esi(n stan*ar*
1 re2uire* *esi(n li+e
1 minimum *esi(n temperature Cl%'al4
1 ma:imum *esi(n temperature Cl%'al4
1 *esi(n pressure Cl%'al4
1 ,ater *ept/. an*
1 ,el* %)erlay. '%rr%si%n resistant an*I%r ,ear resistant-
$anufacturing procedure specification
5*4 A manu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n in a''%r*an'e ,it/ D100 s/all be *%'umente*-
5*8 IF-1. F-; an* F-<I 6aterials s/all be spe'i+ie* t% meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in subse'ti%n -
5*4 IF-=I T/e impa't test temperature s/all be 10] bel%, t/e minimum *esi(n temperature
5*# IF->I !%ltin( s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ =00-
5*5 IFI @el*in( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% 2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ures meetin( t/e re2uirements %+
Appen*i: -
5*& IH-;I T/e e:tent. met/%* an* type %+ NDT %+ -6nIl%, all%y steels s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO
1;<"#. Anne: A. 5B " re2uirements-
T/e e:tent an* type %+ NDT %+ *uple: stainless steels s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1;<"#. Anne: A. 5B "
re2uirements- 6et/%*s s/all be a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: D %+ t/is stan*ar*-
T/e e:tent an* type %+ NDT %+ ,el* %)erlay s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1;<"#. Anne: A. 5B "
re2uirements- t/e met/%* s/all be a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: D-
A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r NDT s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1;<"#. Anne: A ,it/ t/e +%ll%,in( amen*ments0
F%r 8T ". VT " an* VT # t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D %+ t/is stan*ar*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $13
5*2 IH-=I Repair ,el*in( %+ +%r(in(s is n%t permitte*-
5*: I10-"I Hy*r%stati' s/ell tests s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1;<"#. lause 11. %r a''%r*in(
t% spe'i+ie* re2uirements in '%mplian'e ,it/ Se'-= !"01-
5)* I11I 6ar&in( re2uirements s/all be spe'i+ie* t% *istin(uis/ bet,een )al)es manu+a'ture* an* teste* t%
t/e re2uirements ab%)e an* unm%*i+ie* ISO 1;<"# )al)es-
5)) Val)es ,it/ re2uirements +%r +ire *urability s/all be 2uali+ie* by appli'able +ire tests- Re+er t% API >FA
an* !S ><== Part " +%r test pr%'e*ures-
3 &** Mechanical c!nnec%!rs
&*) T/ese re2uirements apply t% manu+a'ture an* testin( %+ en* '%nne'ti%ns su'/ as /ub an* 'lamp
'%nne'ti%ns '%nne'tin( a pipeline t% %t/er installati%ns-
&*4 !%ltin( s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ =00-
&*8 En* '%nne'ti%ns s/all be +%r(e*-
&*4 T/e e:tent %+ NDT s/all be0
1 100L ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ +err%ma(neti' materials an* 100L li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ n%n
ma(neti' materials-
1 100L ultras%ni' testin( %+ +%r(in(s an* 'astin(s
1 100L RT %+ 'riti'al areas %+ 'astin(s
1 100L ultras%ni' %r ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ ,el*s
1 100L ma(neti' parti'le testin( I li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ ,el*s
1 100L )isual inspe'ti%n
NDT s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D Cas appli'able40
1 ;00. +%r )isual inspe'ti%n
1 D"00. +%r -6nIl%, all%y steel +%r(in(s
1 D#00. +%r *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s
1 E"00. +%r -6nIl%, all%y steel 'astin(s
1 E#00. +%r *uple: stainless steel 'astin(s
1 E;00. +%r RT %+ 'astin(s
1 ""1. +%r 6T %+ en*sIbe)els
1 """. +%r DP %+ en*sIbe)els
1 !"00. +%r RT %+ ,el*s
1 !#00. +%r 8T %+ ,el*s in -6nIl%, all%y steel
1 !;00. +%r 8T %+ ,el*s in *uple: stainless steel
1 !=00. +%r 6T %+ ,el*s in -6nIl%, all%y steel
1 !>00. +%r DP %+ ,el*s in *uple: stainless steel
1 #00. +%r %)erlay ,el*s
1 D;00. +%r )isual inspe'ti%n %+ +%r(in(s
1 E=00. +%r )isual e:aminati%n %+ 'astin(s
1 !F00. +%r )isual inspe'ti%n %+ ,el*s
1 =00. +%r resi*ual ma(netism-
A''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e '%rresp%n*in( re2uirements %+ Appen*i: D-
&*# Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all '%mply ,it/ Se'-= !"01 an* per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 3100-
3 2** C9 ;s!la%i!n A!in%s
2*) T/ese re2uirements apply t% manu+a'ture an* testin( %+ b%ltless. m%n%lit/i' '%uplin( type %+ is%lati%n
G%ints +%r %ns/%re appli'ati%ns-
2*4 P is%lati%n G%ints s/all be manu+a'ture* +r%m +%r(in(s-
2*8 Is%lati%n G%ints s/all be pr%te'te* +r%m ele'tri'al /i(/ 'urrent /i(/ )%lta(e +r%m ,el*in( an* li(/tenin(
et'- in t/e '%nstru'ti%n peri%*- I+ /i(/ )%lta(e sur(e pr%te'ti%n is n%t pr%)i*e* in t/e '%nstru'ti%n peri%*
is%lati%n G%ints s/all be +itte* ,it/ a temp%rary s/%rt-'ir'uit 'able 'learly ta((e* ,it/ t/e instru'ti%n Sn%t t% be
rem%)e* until installati%n %+ permanent /i(/ )%lta(e sur(e pr%te'ti%nT-
2*4 F%r manu+a'turers ,it/%ut pre)i%us e:perien'e in t/e *esi(n. manu+a'ture an* testin( %+ is%lati%n G%ints.
%ne G%int s/%ul* be manu+a'ture* an* *estru'ti)ely teste* +%r t/e purp%se %+ 2uali+yin( t/e *esi(n an* materials
%+ t/e G%int-
T/e 2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme s/%ul* as a minimum '%ntain t/e +%ll%,in( elements0
1 ben*in( t% ma:imum *esi(n ben*in( m%ment
1 tensi%n t% ma:imum *esi(n tensi%n
1 pressure testin( t% 1-= times t/e *esi(n pressure
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $14
1 pressure 'y'lin( +r%m minimum t% ma:imum *esi(n pressure 10 times at b%t/ minimum an* ma:imum
*esi(n temperature-
!e+%re an* a+ter testin( t/e resistan'e an* ele'tri'al lea&a(e tests s/%ul* s/%, t/e same an* stable )alues-
In a**iti%n. a+ter +ull tests t/e G%int s/%ul* be 'ut l%n(itu*inally int% se'ti%ns t% '%n+irm t/e inte(rity %+ t/e
insulati%n an* +ill materials an* t/e '%n*iti%n %+ t/e O-rin( seals-
2*# Is%lati%n G%int s/all be +%r(e* 'l%se t% t/e +inal s/ape Ci+ appli'able4- 6a'/inin( %+ up t% 10L %+ t/e l%'al
,all t/i'&ness at t/e %utsi*e %+ t/e '%mp%nent is all%,e*-
2*5 T/e e:tent %+ NDT s/all be0
1 100L ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ +err%ma(neti' materials an* 100L li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ n%n
ma(neti' materials
1 100L ultras%ni' testin( %+ +%r(in(s
1 100L ultras%ni' %r ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ ,el*s
1 100L ma(neti' parti'le testin( I li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ ,el*s
1 100L )isual inspe'ti%n-
NDT s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D Cas appli'able40
1 ;00. +%r )isual inspe'ti%n
1 D"00. +%r -6nIl%, all%y steel +%r(in(s
1 D#00. +%r *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s
1 ""1. +%r 6T %+ en*sIbe)els
1 """. +%r DP %+ en*sIbe)els
1 !"00. +%r RT %+ ,el*s
1 !#00. +%r 8T %+ ,el*s in -6nIl%, all%y steel
1 !;00. +%r 8T %+ ,el*s in *uple: stainless steel
1 !=00. +%r 6T %+ ,el*s in -6nIl%, all%y steel
1 !>00. +%r DP %+ ,el*s in *uple: stainless steel
1 #00. +%r %)erlay ,el*s
1 D;00. +%r )isual inspe'ti%n %+ +%r(in(s
1 !F00. +%r )isual inspe'ti%n %+ ,el*s. an*
1 =00. +%r resi*ual ma(netism-
A''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e '%rresp%n*in( re2uirements %+ Appen*i: D-
2*& Pri%r t% /y*r%stati' testin(. /y*rauli' +ati(ue test an* t/e '%mbine* pressure-ben*in( test I ele'tri'al
lea&a(e tests s/all be per+%rme* an* t/e results re'%r*e*-
2*2 Hy*r%stati' stren(t/ test %+ ea'/ is%lati%n G%int s/all be per+%rme* ,it/ a test pressure 1-= times t/e
*esi(n pressure. unless %t/er,ise spe'i+ie*. an* t% t/e spe'i+ie* /%l*in( time in (eneral a''%r*an'e ,it/ 3100-
2*: Hy*rauli' +ati(ue testin( %+ ea'/ is%lati%n G%int s/all be per+%rme*- T/e test s/all '%nsist %+ ;0
'%nse'uti)e 'y'les ,it/ t/e pressure '/an(e* +r%m 10 bar( t% F= per'ent %+ t/e /y*r%stati' test pressure- At t/e
'%mpleti%n %+ t/e test 'y'les t/e pressure s/all be in'rease* t% t/e /y*r%stati' test pressure an* maintaine* +%r
#0 minutes- F%r a''eptan'e 'riteri%n. see 311;-
2)* One is%lati%n G%int per siJeI*esi(n pressure s/all als% be teste* t% meet t/e spe'i+ie* ben*in( m%ment
re2uirements- T/e G%int s/all be pressurise* t% t/e spe'i+ie* /y*r%stati' test pressure an* simultane%usly be
subGe'te* t% an e:ternal ; p%int ben*in( l%a* su++i'ient t% in*u'e a t%tal Cben*in( plus a:ial pressure e++e't4
l%n(itu*inal stress %+ H0L %+ S6RS in t/e a*G%inin( pup pie'es- T/e test *urati%n s/all be " /%urs- T/e
a''eptan'e 'riteria are n% ,ater lea&a(e %r permanent *ist%rti%n-
2)) A+ter /y*r%stati' testin(. all is%lati%n G%ints s/all be lea& teste* ,it/ air %r nitr%(en- T/e G%ints s/all be
lea& teste* at 10 bar( +%r 10 minutes- T/e ti(/tness s/all be '/e'&e* by immersi%n %r ,it/ a +r%t/in( a(ent-
T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0 n% lea&a(e-
2)4 T/e FAT s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% t/e a''epte* FAT pr%(ramme- T/e FAT s/all '%nsist %+0
1 *iele'tri' testin(
1 ele'tri'al resistan'e testin(
1 ele'tri'al lea&a(e tests-
2)8 Pri%r t% FAT is%lati%n G%ints s/all be st%re* +%r ;F /%urs at an ambient temperature bet,een "0 an* "=]
an* a relati)e /umi*ity %+ ma:- H#L-
2)4 Diele'tri' testin( s/all be per+%rme* by applyin( an A sinus%i*al 'urrent ,it/ a +re2uen'y %+ =0 - >0
HJ t% t/e G%int- T/e 'urrent s/all be applie* (ra*ually. startin( +r%m an initial )alue n%t e:'ee*in( 1-"&V
in'reasin( t% =-0&V in a time n%t l%n(er t/an 10 se'%n*s an* s/all be maintaine* at pea& )alue +%r >0 se'%n*s-
T/e test is a''eptable i+ n% brea&*%,n %+ t/e is%lati%n %r sur+a'e ar'in( %''urs *urin( t/e test an* a ma:imum
lea&a(e %+ 'urrent a'r%ss t/e is%lati%n %+ 1 mA-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $15
2)# Ele'tri'al resistan'e testin( s/all be 'arrie* %ut at 1000 V D- T/e test is a''eptable i+ t/e ele'tri'al
resistan'e is minimum "= 6O/m-
2)5 Ele'tri'al lea&a(e tests s/all be per+%rme* t% assess any '/an(es ,/i'/ may ta&e pla'e ,it/in a G%int a+ter
/y*r%stati' testin(. /y*rauli' +ati(ue test an* t/e '%mbine* pressure-ben*in( test- N% si(ni+i'ant '/an(es in
ele'tri'al lea&a(e s/all be a''epte*-
3 :** Anch!r +langes
:*) An'/%r +lan(es s/all be +%r(e*-
:*4 T/e e:tent %+ NDT s/all be0
1 100L ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ +err%ma(neti' materials an* 100L li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ n%n
ma(neti' materials
1 100L ultras%ni' testin( %+ +%r(in(s
1 100L ultras%ni' %r ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ ,el*s
1 100L ma(neti' parti'le testin( I li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ ,el*s
1 100L )isual inspe'ti%n
NDT s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D Cas appli'able40
1 ;00. +%r )isual inspe'ti%n
1 D"00. +%r -6nIl%, all%y steel +%r(in(s
1 D#00. +%r *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s
1 ""1. +%r 6T %+ en*sIbe)els
1 """. +%r DP %+ en*sIbe)els
1 !"00. +%r RT %+ ,el*s
1 !#00. +%r 8T %+ ,el*s in -6nIl%, all%y steel
1 !;00. +%r 8T %+ ,el*s in *uple: stainless steel
1 !=00. +%r 6T %+ ,el*s in -6nIl%, all%y steel
1 !>00. +%r DP %+ ,el*s in *uple: stainless steel
1 D;00. +%r )isual inspe'ti%n %+ +%r(in(s
1 !F00. +%r )isual inspe'ti%n %+ ,el*s. an*
1 =00. +%r resi*ual ma(netism-
A''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e '%rresp%n*in( re2uirements %+ Appen*i: D-
:*8 Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all '%mply ,it/ Se'-= !"01 an* per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 3100-
3 )*** 3'c0le- an" +rac%'re arres%!rs
)**) T/e material +%r bu'&le an* +ra'ture arrest%rs an* manu+a'ture. inspe'ti%n an* testin( s/all be in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%ns . D an* E Ci+ +%r(e*I'ast4. %r Se'-< Ci+ linepipe4-
3 ))** 9ig %ra(s
))*) 6aterials s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/e *esi(n '%*e %r ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/is se'ti%n.
i+ m%re strin(ent-
))*4 Testin( an* a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e
re2uirements %+ t/e *esi(n '%*e %r ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ Appen*i: . i+ m%re strin(ent-
Essential )ariables +%r ,el*in( pr%'e*ures s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/e *esi(n '%*e-
Pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements in Appen*i: -
))*8 T/e e:tent. met/%*s an* a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r NDT s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/e *esi(n
'%*e- In a**iti%n t/e re2uirements %+ Appen*i: D. Subse'ti%n A an* !100 s/all apply-
))*4 Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/e *esi(n '%*e an* Se'-= !"01 an* 3100-
3 )4** Re(air cla$(s an" re(air c!'(lings
)4*) Repair 'lamps an* repair '%uplin(s t% be installe* a''%r*in( t% DNV-RP-F11# s/all be manu+a'ture*
an* teste* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/is se'ti%n an* base* %n materials sele'ti%n a''%r*in( t% Se'->-
)4*4 Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all '%mply ,it/ Se'-= !"01 an* per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 3100-
C. Ma%erials
C )** General
)*) T/e materials use* s/all '%mply ,it/ internati%nally re'%(nise* stan*ar*s. pr%)i*e* t/at su'/ stan*ar*s
/a)e a''eptable e2ui)alen'e t% t/e re2uirements (i)en in Se'-< an* t/is se'ti%n- 6%*i+i'ati%n %+ t/e '/emi'al
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $16
'%mp%siti%n (i)en in su'/ stan*ar*s may be ne'essary t% %btain a su++i'ient '%mbinati%n %+ ,el*ability.
/ar*enability. stren(t/. *u'tility. t%u(/ness. an* '%rr%si%n resistan'e-
)*4 Samplin( +%r me'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n testin( s/all be per+%rme* a+ter +inal /eat treatment. i-e- in t/e
+inal '%n*iti%n- T/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: ! an* E100-
C 4** C-Mn an" l!1 all!7 s%eel +!rgings an" cas%ings
4*) T/ese re2uirements are appli'able t% -6n an* l%, all%y steel +%r(in(s an* 'astin(s ,it/ S6RS ===
6Pa- 8se %+ /i(/er stren(t/ materials s/all be subGe't t% a(reement-
4*4 All steels s/all be ma*e by an ele'tri' %r %ne %+ t/e basi' %:y(en pr%'esses- -6n steel s/all be +ully
&ille* an* ma*e t% a +ine (rain pra'ti'e-
4*8 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n +%r /%t-+%rme*. 'ast an* +%r(e* '%mp%nents s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/
re'%(nise* internati%nal stan*ar*s- T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n s/all be sele'te* t% ensure an a''eptable balan'e
bet,een su++i'ient /ar*enability an* ,el*ability-
4*4 F%r materials t% be 2uen'/e* an* tempere*. a /ar*enability assessment s/all be per+%rme* t% ensure t/at
t/e re2uire* me'/ani'al pr%perties 'an be met-
4*# F%r -6n steels t/e ma:imum arb%n E2ui)alent CE4 s/all n%t e:'ee* 0-=0. ,/en 'al'ulate* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/0
4*5 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r tensile. /ar*ness an* /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't pr%perties are (i)en in E"00-
4*& F%r(in(s s/all be *eli)ere* in n%rmalise* %r 2uen'/e* an* tempere* '%n*iti%n-
4*2 astin(s s/all be *eli)ere* in /%m%(enise*. n%rmalise* an* stress relie)e* %r /%m%(enise*. 2uen'/e*
an* tempere* '%n*iti%n-
4*: F%r -6n an* l%, all%y materials *eli)ere* in t/e 2uen'/e* an* tempere* '%n*iti%n. t/e minimum
temperin( temperature s/all be >10] ,/en P@HT ,ill be applie*. unless %t/er,ise spe'i+ie*-
C 8** D'(le, s%ainless s%eel= +!rgings an" cas%ings
8*) All re2uirements ,it/ re(ar* t% '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n +%r ""r an* "=r *uple: stainless steel s/all be
in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-< ;00-
8*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r tensile. /ar*ness. /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't pr%perties an* '%rr%si%n tests are (i)en
in E#00-
8*8 Duple: stainless steel 'astin(s an* +%r(in(s s/all be *eli)ere* in t/e s%luti%n anneale* an* ,ater
2uen'/e* '%n*iti%n-
C 4** 9i(e an" (la%e $a%erial
4*) Pipe an* plate material s/all meet t/e re2uirements in Se'-<-
4*4 F%r ,el*e* pipe it s/all be assure* t/at t/e me'/ani'al pr%perties %+ t/e material an* l%n(itu*inal ,el*s
,ill n%t be a++e'te* by any /eat treatment per+%rme* *urin( manu+a'ture %+ '%mp%nents-
4*8 In 'ase P@HT is re2uire*. t/e me'/ani'al testin( s/%ul* be '%n*u'te* a+ter simulate* /eat treatment-
C #** 3!l%ing $a%erials
#*) In (eneral. b%ltin( material sele'ti%n s/all be in line ,it/ t/e appli'able *esi(n '%*e supplemente* ,it/
Se'-> !>00 an* ;00. ,it/ limitati%ns an* a**iti%nal re2uirements as (i)en in =0" t% =10-
#*4 F%r '%mp%nents base* %n AS6E *esi(n '%*es. 'arb%n an* l%, all%y steel b%lts an* nuts +%r pressure
'%ntainin( an* main stru'tural appli'ati%ns s/all be sele'te* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Table F-#-
F%r '%mp%nents base* %n %t/er *esi(n '%*es. e2ui)alent 'arb%n an* l%, all%y steel b%lts in line ,it/ t/e *esi(n
'%*e s/all be sele'te*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e b%ltin( materials liste* in Table F-# may be use* in '%mbinati%n ,it/ %t/er *esi(n '%*es t/an AS6E *esi(n
'%*es i+ pr%perly '%nsi*ere* by t/e *esi(ner- T/is s/all in'lu*e assessment %+ all%,able utilisati%n an* *eratin( +%r
ele)ate* temperature appli'ati%ns. i+ rele)ant- Appli'able AS6E *esi(n '%*es list pre-*e+ine* all%,able stresses.
,/i'/ are n%t ne'essarily base* %n S6RS an* S6TS. ,/ile %t/er *esi(n '%*es *e+ine utilisati%n base* %n sa+ety
+a't%rs %n S6RS an* S6TS- T/is s/all be '%nsi*ere* ,/en mi:in( AST6 b%ltin( materials ,it/ %t/er '%*es t/an
AST6 *esi(n '%*es-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
CF-14 %! %
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%r $o ; O O
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DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $2%
#*8 arb%n an* l%, all%y steel b%ltin( materials s/all be /arpy-V impa't teste*- T/e b%ltin( materials s/all
meet t/e re2uirements +%r t/e b%lte* '%nne'ti%n. i-e- t/e materials t% be b%lte*- See E10= an* E"01 +%r test
temperature an* a''eptan'e 'riteria-
#*4 Stainless steel b%lts a''%r*in( t% AST6 A1H#IA#"0 (ra*e !F6 Ctype AISI #1>4 are appli'able but
re2uire e++i'ient 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n +%r subsea use-
#*# Ni-base* b%lts a''%r*in( t% AST6 !;;> type 8NS N0>>"= %r %t/er Ni-base* s%luti%n /ar*enin( all%ys
,it/ e2ui)alent %r /i(/er PRE are a''eptable- H%,e)er. t/ese b%ltin( materials s/all %nly be use* in t/e
s%luti%n anneale* '%n*iti%n. %r '%l* ,%r&e* t% S6RS <"0 6Pa ma:imum-
#*5 6a:imum /ar*ness s/all n%t e:'ee* #= HR +%r 'arb%n an* l%, all%y steels. in a**iti%n t% s%luti%n
anneale* %r '%l*-,%r&e* type AISI #1> %r any %t/er '%l*-,%r&e* austeniti' stainless steel C%nly appli'able i+
t/e b%lts ,ill be e:p%se* t% 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n4-
#*& Restri'ti%ns +%r H
"
S ser)i'e Cals% re+erre* t% as s%ur ser)i'e4 a''%r*in( t% ISO 1=1=> s/all apply ,/en
appli'able-
#*2 T/e /ar*ness %+ b%lts an* nuts s/all be )eri+ie* +%r ea'/ l%t Ci-e- b%lts %+ t/e same siJe an* material. +r%m
ea'/ /eat %+ steel an* /eat treatment bat'/4 an* be tra'eable ba'& t% /eat number-
G'i"ance n!%eF
In %r*er t% ensure a''eptable tra'eability. se)eral %mpanies re2uire /i(/er +re2uen'y +%r /ar*ness testin( t/an %ne
per l%t +%r )eri+i'ati%n %+ subsea +asteners- T/e party installin( t/e b%lts s/%ul* als% '%nsi*er t% per+%rm ran*%m
testin( %+ b%lt pr%perties-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*: F%r a'i* 'leane* an*I%r ele'tr%lyti'ally plate* b%lts an* nuts. ba&in( at "00] +%r a minimum %+ " /%urs
is re2uire* in %r*er t% pre)ent /y*r%(en embrittlement-
#)* Only unuse* b%ltin( materials s/all be applie*-
C 5** H
4
S ser-ice
5*) F%r '%mp%nents in pipeline systems t% be use* +%r +lui*s '%ntainin( /y*r%(en sulp/i*e an* *e+ine* as
H
"
S ser)i'e a''%r*in( t% ISO 1=1=>. all re2uirements t% '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n. ma:imum /ar*ness. an*
manu+a'turin( an* +abri'ati%n pr%'e*ures (i)en in t/e ab%)e stan*ar* s/all apply-
5*4 T/e sulp/ur '%ntent %+ -6n an* l%, all%y steel +%r(in(s an* 'astin(s s/all n%t e:'ee* 0-010L-
5*8 Pipe an* plate material use* +%r +abri'ati%n %+ '%mp%nents s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in Se'-<
I100-
D. Man'+ac%'re
D )** Man'+ac%'ring (r!ce"'re s(eci+ica%i!n .M9S/
)*) T/e re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n are n%t appli'able t% in*u'ti%n ben*s an* +ittin(s t/at s/all be
manu+a'ture* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !#00 an* !;00
)*4 %mp%nents s/all be manu+a'ture* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a *%'umente* an* appr%)e* 6PS-
)*8 T/e 6PS s/all *em%nstrate /%, t/e +abri'ati%n ,ill be per+%rme* an* )eri+ie* t/r%u(/ t/e pr%p%se*
+abri'ati%n steps- T/e 6PS s/all a**ress all +a't%rs ,/i'/ in+luen'e t/e 2uality an* reliability %+ pr%*u'ti%n-
All main +abri'ati%n steps +r%m '%ntr%l %+ re'ei)e* material t% s/ipment %+ t/e +inis/e* pr%*u'tCs4. in'lu*in(
all e:aminati%n an* '/e'& p%ints. s/all be '%)ere* in *etail- Re+eren'es t% t/e pr%'e*ures an* a''eptan'e
'riteria establis/e* +%r t/e e:e'uti%n %+ all steps s/all be in'lu*e*-
)*4 T/e 6PS s/%ul* be pr%Ge't spe'i+i' an* spe'i+y t/e +%ll%,in( items as appli'able0
1 Startin( materials
1 manu+a'turer
Ta6le 2-8 Car6!n an" l!1 all!7 s%eel 6!l%s an" n'%s +!r ASME "esign c!"e a((lica%i!ns
Temperature range /
%
%0 -olt 4ut Si,e range
-100 t% W ;00
AST6 A#"0.
3ra*e B<
AST6 A1H;.
3ra*e ;IS#IS;IS= %r
3ra*e <IS#IS;IS=
M >= mm
-100 t% W ;00
AST6 A#"0.
3ra*e B<6
AST6 A1H;.
3ra*e <6IS#IS;IS=
M >= mm
-100 t% W ;00
AST6 A#"0.
3ra*e B;#
AST6 A1H;.
3ra*e <IS#IS;IS=
M 100 mm
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $2$
1 steel ma&in( pr%'ess
1 steel (ra*e
1 pr%*u't +%rm. *eli)ery '%n*iti%n
1 '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n
1 ,el*in( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n C@PS4
1 NDT pr%'e*ures-
1 6anu+a'turin(
1 supply %+ material an* sub'%ntra'ts
1 manu+a'turin( pr%'esses in'lu*in( pr%'ess- an* pr%'ess '%ntr%l pr%'e*ures
1 ,el*in( pr%'e*ures
1 /eat treatment pr%'e*ures
1 NDT pr%'e*ures
1 list %+ spe'i+ie* me'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n testin(
1 /y*r%stati' test pr%'e*ures
1 +un'ti%nal test pr%'e*ures
1 *imensi%nal '%ntr%l pr%'e*ures
1 FAT pr%'e*ures
1 mar&in(. '%atin( an* pr%te'ti%n pr%'e*ures
1 /an*lin(. l%a*in( an* s/ippin( pr%'e*ures
1 at-site installati%n re'%mmen*ati%ns-
F%r S%ne-%++T '%mp%nents an* %t/er '%mp%nents *esi(ne* an* manu+a'ture* +%r a spe'i+i' purp%se. t/e
+%ll%,in( a**iti%nal in+%rmati%n s/all be pr%)i*e*0
1 plan an* pr%'ess +l%, *es'ripti%nI*ia(ram
1 %r*er spe'i+i' 2uality plan in'lu*in( supply %+ material an* sub'%ntra'ts
1 manu+a'turin( pr%'esses in'lu*in( pr%'ess- an* pr%'ess '%ntr%l pr%'e*ures-
D 4** F!rging
4*) F%r(in( s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e a''epte* 6PS- Ea'/ +%r(e* pr%*u't s/all be /%t
,%r&e* as +ar as pra'ti'able. t% t/e +inal siJe ,it/ a minimum re*u'ti%n rati% %+ ;01-
4*4 T/e ,%r& pie'e s/all be /eate* in a +urna'e t% t/e re2uire* ,%r&in( temperature-
4*8 T/e ,%r&in( temperature s/all be m%nit%re* *urin( t/e +%r(in( pr%'ess-
4*4 I+ t/e temperature +alls bel%, t/e ,%r&in( temperature t/e ,%r& pie'e s/all be returne* t% t/e +urna'e
an* re-/eate* be+%re resumin( +%r(in(-
4*# T/e i*entity an* tra'eability %+ ea'/ ,%r& pie'e s/all be maintaine* *urin( t/e +%r(in( pr%'ess-
4*5 @el* repair %+ +%r(in(s is n%t permitte*-
D 8** Cas%ing
8*) astin( s/all be per+%rme* in (eneral '%mplian'e ,it/ AST6 A#="-
8*4 A 'astin( s/all be ma*e +r%m a sin(le /eat an* as a sin(le unit-
8*8 astin(s may be repaire* by (rin*in( t% a *ept/ %+ ma:imum 10L %+ t/e a'tual ,all t/i'&ness. pr%)i*e*
t/at t/e ,all t/i'&ness in n% pla'e is bel%, t/e minimum *esi(ne* ,all t/i'&ness- T/e (r%un* areas s/all mer(e
sm%%t/ly ,it/ t/e surr%un*in( material-
8*4 De+e'ts *eeper t/an t/%se all%,e* by D#0# may be repaire* by ,el*in(- T/e ma:imum e:tent %+ repair
,el*in( s/%ul* n%t e:'ee* "0L %+ t/e t%tal sur+a'e area- E:'a)ati%ns +%r ,el*in( s/all be (r%un* sm%%t/ an*
uni+%rm an* s/all be suitably s/ape* t% all%, (%%* a''ess +%r ,el*in(-
8*# All repair ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* by 2uali+ie* ,el*ers an* a''%r*in( t% 2uali+ie* ,el*in(
pr%'e*ures-
D 4** H!% +!r$ing
4*) H%t +%rmin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% an a(ree* pr%'e*ure '%ntainin(0
1 se2uen'e %+ %perati%ns
1 /eatin( e2uipment
1 material *esi(nati%n
1 pipe *iameter. ,all t/i'&ness an* ben* ra*ius
1 /eatin(I'%%lin( rates
1 ma:imum an* minimum temperature *urin( +%rmin( %perati%n
1 temperature maintenan'eI'%ntr%l
1 re'%r*in( e2uipment
1 p%siti%n %+ t/e l%n(itu*inal seam
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $2&
1 met/%*s +%r a)%i*in( l%'al t/innin(
1 p%st ben*in( /eat treatment C*uple: stainless steel0 +ull s%luti%n annealin( an* ,ater 2uen'/in(4
1 /y*r%stati' testin( pr%'e*ure
1 NDT pr%'e*ures
1 *imensi%nal '%ntr%l pr%'e*ures-
4*4 H%t +%rmin( %+ -6n an* l%, all%y steel. in'lu*in( e:trusi%n %+ bran'/es. s/all be per+%rme* bel%,
1100]- I+ mi'r%all%yin( elements /a)e been a**e* t% pre)ent (rain (r%,t/ Ce-(- Ti4. t/e /%t +%rmin(
temperature may be in'rease* t% 11=0]- T/e temperature s/all be m%nit%re*- T/e '%mp%nent s/all be all%,e*
t% '%%l in still air-
4*8 F%r *uple: stainless steel material. t/e /%t +%rmin( s/all be '%n*u'te* bet,een 1000 an* 11=0]-
D #** Hea% %rea%$en%
#*) Heat treatment pr%'e*ures +%r +urna'e /eat treatment s/all as a minimum '%ntain t/e +%ll%,in(
in+%rmati%n0
1 /eatin( +a'ilities
1 +urna'e
1 insulati%n Ci+ appli'able4
1 measurin( an* re'%r*in( e2uipment. b%t/ +%r +urna'e '%ntr%l an* re'%r*in( %+ '%mp%nent temperature
1 'alibrati%n inter)als +%r +urna'e temperature stability an* uni+%rmity an* all t/erm%'%uples
1 +i:tures an* l%a*in( '%n*iti%ns
1 /eatin( an* '%%lin( rates
1 temperature (ra*ients
1 s%a&in( temperature ran(e an* time
1 ma:imum time re2uire* +%r m%)in( t/e '%mp%nent +r%m t/e +urna'e t% t/e 2uen'/ tan& Ci+ appli'able4
1 '%%lin( rates C'%n*iti%ns4
1 type %+ 2uen'/ant Ci+ appli'able4
1 start an* en* ma:imum temperature %+ t/e 2uen'/ant Ci+ appli'able4-
#*4 I+ P@HT in an en'l%se* +urna'e is n%t pra'ti'al. l%'al P@HT s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: .
3;00-
#*8 T/e /eat treatment e2uipment s/all be 'alibrate* at least %n'e a year in %r*er t% ensure a''eptable
temperature stability an* uni+%rmity- T/e uni+%rmity test s/all be '%n*u'te* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a re'%(nise*
stan*ar* Ce-(- AST6 AHH14- T/e temperature stability an* uni+%rmity t/r%u(/%ut t/e +urna'e )%lume s/all be
,it/in [ 10]-
#*4 @/ene)er pra'ti'al. t/erm%'%upleCs4 s/%ul* be atta'/e* t% %ne %+ t/e '%mp%nents *urin( t/e /eat
treatment 'y'le-
#*# %mp%nents s/%ul* be r%u(/ ma'/ine* t% near +inal *imensi%ns pri%r t% /eat treatment- T/is is
parti'ularly imp%rtant +%r lar(e t/i'&ness '%mp%nents-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e e:tent an* am%unt %+ ma'/inin( %+ +%r(in(s an* 'astin(s pri%r t% /eat treatment s/%ul* ta&e int% a''%unt t/e
re2uirements +%r ma'/inin( t% +lat %r 'ylin*ri'al s/apes +%r ultras%ni' e:aminati%n- See als% Appen*i: D-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*5 F%r '%mp%nents t/at s/all be ,ater 2uen'/e*. t/e time +r%m t/e '%mp%nents lea)e t/e +urna'e until bein(
immerse* in t/e 2uen'/ant s/all n%t e:'ee* H0 se'%n*s +%r l%, all%y steel. an* >0 se'%n*s +%r *uple: stainless
steels-
#*& T/e )%lume %+ 2uen'/ant s/all be su++i'ient an* s/all be /ea)ily a(itate*. pre+erably by 'r%ss +l%, t%
ensure a*e2uate '%%lin( rate- T/e ma:imum temperature %+ t/e 2uen'/ant s/all ne)er e:'ee* ;0]-
Temperature measurements %+ t/e 2uen'/ant s/all be per+%rme*-
#*2 T/e /ar*ness %+ t/e a''essible sur+a'es %+ t/e '%mp%nent s/all be teste*- T/e /ar*ness +%r -6n %r l%,
all%y steels an* *uple: stainless steels s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ E"00 an* E#00. respe'ti)ely-
D 5** Wel"ing
5*) @el*in( an* repair ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 2uali+ie* pr%'e*ures meetin( t/e
re2uirements %+ Appen*i: -
D &** NDT
&*) NDT s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $2'
E. Mechanical an" C!rr!si!n Tes%ing
E )** General %es%ing re<'ire$en%s
)*) Testin( %+ me'/ani'al pr%perties a+ter /%t +%rmin(. 'astin( %r +%r(in( s/all be per+%rme* %n material
ta&en +r%m %ne pr%l%n(ati%n %r '%mp%nent +r%m ea'/ test unit Ci-e- '%mp%nents %+ t/e same siJe an* material.
+r%m ea'/ /eat an* /eat treatment bat'/4 s/all be teste* as (i)en in Table F-;. as appli'able-
)*4 All me'/ani'al testin( s/all be '%n*u'te* a+ter +inal /eat treatment-
)*8 I+ a(ree*. separate test '%up%ns may be all%,e* pr%)i*in( t/ey are /eat treate* t%(et/er ,it/ t/e material
t/ey represent. an* t/e material t/i'&ness. +%r(in( re*u'ti%n. an* mass are representati)e %+ t/e a'tual
'%mp%nent-
)*4 A simulate* /eat treatment %+ t/e test pie'e s/all be per+%rme* i+ ,el*s bet,een t/e '%mp%nent an* %t/er
items su'/ as linepipe are t% be P@HT at a later sta(e %r i+ any %t/er /eat treatment is inten*e*-
)*# T/e VN test temperature s/all be 10] bel%, t/e minimum *esi(n temperature-
)*5 Samplin( +%r me'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n testin( s/all be per+%rme* a+ter +inal /eat treatment. i-e- in t/e
+inal '%n*iti%n- T/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !-
)*& A s&et'/ in*i'atin( t/e +inal s/ape %+ t/e '%mp%nent an* t/e l%'ati%n %+ all spe'imens +%r me'/ani'al
testin( s/all be issue* +%r re)ie, an* a''eptan'e pri%r t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n-
)*2 F%r "=r *uple: stainless steels '%rr%si%n testin( a''%r*in( t% AST6 3;F s/all be per+%rme* in %r*er
t% '%n+irm t/at t/e applie* manu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure ensures a''eptable mi'r%stru'ture- Testin( s/all be
per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: ! at =0]- T/e test peri%* s/all be "; /%urs-
E 4** Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r C-Mn an" l!1 all!7 s%eels
4*) Tensile. /ar*ness an* /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't pr%perties s/all meet t/e re2uirements +%r linepipe ,it/
e2ual S6RS as (i)en in Se'-< !;00-
4*4 T/e /ar*ness +%r '%mp%nents inten*e* +%r n%n- H
"
S ser)i'e s/all n%t e:'ee* #00 HV10- F%r '%mp%nents
inten*e* +%r H
"
S ser)i'e t/e /ar*ness s/all be a''%r*in( t% Se'-< I100-
Ta6le 2-4 N'$6er= !rien%a%i!n= an" l!ca%i!n !+ %es% s(eci$ens (er %es%e" c!$(!nen%
Type of test 4o. of tests Test location+ e.g. as shown in &igure <
1. "4
Tensile test +%r '%mp%nents
/a)in( ma:imum se'ti%n
t/i'&ness T =0 mm
#
One spe'imen in tan(ential *ire'ti%n +r%m t/e t/i'&est se'ti%n 1I"T
bel%, t/e internal sur+a'e an* t/e mi*-len(t/ s/all be at least =0 mm
+r%m se'%n* sur+a'e-
One mi* t/i'&ness spe'imen in b%t/ tan(ential an* a:ial *ire'ti%n +r%m
t/e area ,it/ /i(/est utilisati%n Ca+ter +inal ma'/inin(4. e-(- t/e ,el*
ne'& area
#4
Tensile test +%r '%mp%nents
/a)in( ma:imum se'ti%n
t/i'&ness T _ =0 mm
#
One spe'imen in tan(ential *ire'ti%n +r%m t/e t/i'&est se'ti%n 1I;T
bel%, t/e internal sur+a'e an* at least T %r 100 mm. ,/i'/e)er is less.
+r%m any se'%n* sur+a'e-
One mi* t/i'&ness spe'imen in b%t/ tan(ential an* a:ial *ire'ti%n +r%m
t/e area ,it/ /i(/est utilisati%n Ca+ter +inal ma'/inin(4. e-(- t/e ,el*
ne'& area
#
VN impa't testin(. a:ial an*
tan(ential spe'imens +%r
'%mp%nents /a)in( ma:imum
se'ti%n t/i'&ness T =0 mm
;. =4
# sets
One set in tan(ential *ire'ti%n +r%m t/e t/i'&est se'ti%n 1I"T bel%, t/e
internal sur+a'e an* t/e mi*-len(t/ s/all be at least =0 mm +r%m se'%n*
sur+a'e-
One mi* t/i'&ness spe'imen in b%t/ tan(ential an* a:ial *ire'ti%n +r%m
t/e area ,it/ /i(/est utilisati%n Ca+ter +inal ma'/inin(4. e-(- t/e ,el*
ne'& area
#
VN impa't testin(. a:ial an*
tan(ential spe'imens +%r
'%mp%nents /a)in( ma:imum
se'ti%n t/i'&ness T > =0 mm
;. =4
# sets
One spe'imen in tan(ential *ire'ti%n +r%m t/e t/i'&est se'ti%n 1I;T
bel%, t/e internal sur+a'e an* at least T %r 100 mm. ,/i'/e)er is less.
+r%m any se'%n* sur+a'e-
One mi* t/i'&ness spe'imen in b%t/ tan(ential an* a:ial *ire'ti%n +r%m
t/e area ,it/ /i(/est utilisati%n Ca+ter +inal ma'/inin(4. e-(- t/e ,el*
ne'& area
#
VN impa't testin( %+ t/e
t/i'&est se'ti%n %+ t/e
'%mp%nent
+%r se'ti%n t/i'&ness
#0
mm
;. =. >4
1 set One set in t/e tan(ential *ire'ti%n " mm bel%, t/e internal sur+a'e
6etall%(rap/i' sample
<4
" %r # As +%r t/e VN impa't testin( sets
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $21
Fig're )
!ca%i!n !+ %ensile an" CDN s(eci$ens= c!$(!nen% 1i%h sec%i!n %hic0ness 4# $$
4*8 Spe'imens +%r /ar*ness testin( s/all be e:amine*. pri%r t% testin(. at a ma(ni+i'ati%n %+ n%t less t/an
P100- 3rain-siJe measurement s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 E11"- T/e type %+ mi'r%stru'ture
an* a'tual (rain siJe s/all be re'%r*e* %n t/e materials testin( rep%rt-
E 8** Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r "'(le, s%ainless s%eels
8*) Tensile. /ar*ness an* /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't pr%perties s/all meet t/e re2uirements +%r linepipe as
(i)en in Se'-< ;00-
8*4 T/e metall%(rap/i' samples s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ Se'-< ;00-
8*8 F%r AST6 3;F testin( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria is0 ma:imum all%,able ,ei(/t l%ss ;-0 (Im
"
-
F. 9i(eline Asse$6lies
F )** General
)*) T/is Subse'ti%n is appli'able +%r t/e +abri'ati%n %+ pipe strin(s Cstal&s4 +%r reelin( an* t%,in(. ri(i*
risers. sp%%ls an* e:pansi%n l%%ps.
)*4 T/e +abri'ati%n s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% a spe'i+i'ati%n (i)in( t/e re2uirements +%r +abri'ati%n
met/%*s. pr%'e*ures. e:tent %+ testin(. a''eptan'e 'riteria an* re2uire* *%'umentati%n- T/e spe'i+i'ati%n s/all
be subGe't t% a(reement pri%r t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n-
Har*ness testin(
F4
# As +%r t/e VN impa't testin( sets
HI an* SS test
H4
1 In a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1=1=>
AST6 3;F
104
1 See E10F
4otes
14 F%r ,el*e* '%mp%nents. t/e testin( s/all als% in'lu*e testin( %+ t/e ,el*s in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: -
"4 Internal an* e:ternal sur+a'e re+ers t% t/e sur+a'es %+ t/e +inis/e* '%mp%nent-
#4 F%r Tees an* @yes b%t/ main run an* bran'/ ,el* ne'&s s/all be teste*-
;4 F%r VN impa't testin( %ne set '%nsists %+ t/ree spe'imens-
=4 T/e n%t'/ s/all be perpen*i'ular t% t/e '%mp%nentAs sur+a'e-
>4 Only appli'able t% -6n an* l%, all%y steel- T/e se'ti%n t/i'&ness is in t/e ra*ial *ire'ti%n in t/e as-/eat treate* '%n*iti%n-
<4 " samples +%r se'ti%n t/i'&ness M #0 mm C%nly %ne sample +r%m mi* t/i'&ness l%'ati%n4 an* # samples +%r se'ti%n t/i'&ness #0 mm-
F4 A minimum %+ # /ar*ness measurements s/all be ta&en %n ea'/ sample-
H4 Only appli'able +%r r%lle* -6n steels n%t meetin( t/e re2uirements in >00-
104 Only appli'able +%r "=r *uple: steels-
Ta6le 2-4 N'$6er= !rien%a%i!n= an" l!ca%i!n !+ %es% s(eci$ens (er %es%e" c!$(!nen% .C!n%in'e"/
Type of test 4o. of tests Test location+ e.g. as shown in &igure <
1. "4
1 Axial tensile specimen 1/2 T
1 Tangential tensile specimen 1/4 T
1 Tangential CVN (set 1/2 T
1 Axial CVN (set 1/2 T
1 Tangential tensile specimen 1/2 T
1 Tangential CVN (set 2 mm
!el"# internal s$r%ace
1 Tangential CVN (set 1/4 T
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $22
F 4** Ma%erials
4*) Binepipe s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements. in'lu*in( supplementary re2uirements Cas appli'able4
(i)en in Se'-<-
4*4 In*u'ti%n ben*s s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements in t/is se'ti%n. see !#00-
4*8 F%r(e* an* 'ast material s/all as a minimum meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in t/is se'ti%n-
F 8** Fa6rica%i!n (r!ce"'res= (lanning an" $!6ilisa%i!n
8*) T/e '%nstru'ti%n site s/all /a)e 2uality assuran'e an* systems. see Se'-10 A=00-
8*4 T/e '%nstru'ti%n site s/all establis/ t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 %r(anisati%n an* '%mmuni'ati%n
1 /ealt/. sa+ety an* en)ir%nment manual
1 emer(en'y prepare*ness
1 se'urity plan in'lu*in( ISPS-
8*8 T/e '%nstru'ti%n site s/all establis/ t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 material /an*lin( an* st%ra(e Csee F;004-
1 material re'eipt. i*enti+i'ati%n an* tra'&in( Csee F=004
1 maintenan'e system-
8*4 All pers%nnel s/all be +amiliariJe* ,it/ t/e %perati%n t% be per+%rme* at t/e +abri'ati%n site- 6%re
*etaile* +amiliariJati%n s/all be per+%rme* +%r pers%nnel spe'i+i' ,%r& tas&s-
8*# Pers%nnel in)%l)e* in 'riti'al %perati%ns s/all parti'ipate in a ris& assessment +%r t/e spe'i+i' %perati%n-
8*5 E2uipment nee*e* +%r t/e %perati%ns at t/e +abri'ati%n site s/all be *e+ine* an* m%bilise*-
8*& !e+%re pr%*u'ti%n '%mmen'es. t/e +abri'at%r s/all prepare a manu+a'ture pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n
C6PS4- T/e 6PS s/all be issue* +%r re)ie, an* a''eptan'e pri%r t% start %+ +abri'ati%n-
8*2 T/e 6PS s/all *em%nstrate /%, t/e +abri'ati%n ,ill be per+%rme* an* )eri+ie* t/r%u(/ t/e pr%p%se*
+abri'ati%n steps- T/e 6PS s/all a**ress all +a't%rs ,/i'/ in+luen'e t/e 2uality an* reliability %+ pr%*u'ti%n-
All main +abri'ati%n steps +r%m '%ntr%l %+ re'ei)e* material t% s/ipment %+ t/e +inis/e* pr%*u'tCs4. in'lu*in(
all e:aminati%n an* '/e'& p%ints. s/all be '%)ere* in *etail- Re+eren'es t% t/e pr%'e*ures an* a''eptan'e
'riteria establis/e* +%r t/e e:e'uti%n %+ all steps s/all be in'lu*e*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e 6PS ,ill as a minimum typi'ally '%ntain t/e +%ll%,in( in+%rmati%n0
1 +abri'ati%n planCs4 an* pr%'ess +l%, *es'ripti%nI*ia(ram
1 supply %+ material. i-e- manu+a'turer an* manu+a'turin( l%'ati%n %+ material
1 +abri'ati%n pr%'ess pr%'e*ures
1 *imensi%nal an* ,ei(/t '%ntr%l pr%'e*ures
1 ,el*in( pr%'e*ures in'lu*in( repair
1 /eat treatment pr%'e*ures
1 NDT pr%'e*ures
1 '%atin( pr%'e*ures in'lu*in( repair an* +iel* G%int '%atin(
1 mar&in( an* pr%te'ti%n pr%'e*ures an*
1 reelin( pr%'e*ures
1 stal& *ra,in(s
1 /an*lin(. li+tin(. l%a*in( an* s/ippin( pr%'e*ures-
1 'leanin( an* (au(in( %+ pipes
1 pressure test pr%'e*ures. i+ appli'able-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*: Due '%nsi*erati%n s/all be (i)en t% t/e a''ess an* time re2uire* +%r a*e2uate inspe'ti%n an* testin( as
+abri'ati%n pr%'ee*s-
8)* Due '%nsi*erati%n *urin( +abri'ati%n s/all be (i)en t% t/e '%ntr%l %+ ,ei(/t an* bu%yan'y *istributi%n
%+ pipe strin(s +%r t%,in(-
F 4** ine(i(e %e$(!rar7 s%!rage an" %rans(!r%a%i!n
4*) Temp%rary st%ra(e %+ pipes. b%t/ sin(le G%ints %r se)eral G%ints. s/all '%nsi*er p%tential '%rr%si%n
*ama(e- %rr%si%n *ama(e may a++e't 2uality %+ NDT an* pipeline inte(rity-
4*4 It s/all be *%'umente* t/at st%ra(e +a'ilities /a)e t/e su++i'ient +%un*ati%n +%r t/e ,ei(/t %+ t/e pipes-
Ea'/ pipe G%int an* pipe sta'& s/all ,it/stan* rele)ant ,ei(/t an* en)ir%nmental l%a*in( Ce-(- ,in*. ,a)es.
eart/ 2ua&es4- Draina(e %+ ,ater s/all be ensure*- P%tential i'in( s/all be '%nsi*ere* an* appr%priate '%unter-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $23
a'ti)e measures ta&en ,/ere +%un* ne'essary-
4*8 Transp%rtati%n an* li+tin( %+ pipe G%ints s/all be '%n*u'te* sa+ely t% a)%i* *ama(e t% pers%nnel.
e2uipment an* pipe G%ints- T/e e2uipment use* +%r transp%rtati%n an* li+tin( s/all n%t imp%se *ama(e t% t/e
pipe G%ints-
4*4 A''eptable sta'&in( /ei(/ts s/all be establis/e* an* *%'umente* +%r temp%rary st%ra(e an*
transp%rtati%n-
F #** Ma%erial recei(%= i"en%i+ica%i!n an" %rac0ing
#*) All material s/all be inspe'te* +%r *ama(e up%n arri)al- 5uantities an* i*enti+i'ati%n %+ t/e material s/all
be )eri+ie*- Dama(e* items s/all be 'learly mar&e*. se(re(ate* an* *isp%se* %+ pr%perly-
#*4 A system +%r ensurin( '%rre't tra'eability t% t/e material s/all be establis/e*- T/e i*enti+i'ati%n %+
material s/all be preser)e* *urin( /an*lin(. st%ra(e an* +%r all +abri'ati%n a'ti)ities-
#*8 A pipe tra'&in( system s/all be use* t% maintain re'%r*s %+ ,el* numbers. NDT re'%r*s. pipe numbers.
pipe len(t/s. ben*s. 'umulati)e len(t/. ,ei(/t. an%*e installati%n. in-line assemblies an* repair numbers- T/e
system s/all be 'apable %+ *ete'tin( *upli'ate re'%r*s-
#*4 Pipes s/all be inspe'te* +%r l%%se material. *ebris. an* %t/er '%ntaminati%n. an* s/all be 'leane* b%t/
internally an* at t/e pipe en*s be+%re bein( a**e* t% t/e assembly- T/e 'leanin( met/%* s/all n%t 'ause *ama(e
t% any internal '%atin(-
#*# T/e pipeline en*s s/all be pr%te'te* a(ainst in(ress %+ *ust. ,ater %r any %t/er material a+ter 'leanin(
an* pri%r t% bein( a**e* t% t/e assembly-
#*5 All *ebris 'ause* by t/e ,el*in( s/all be rem%)e* +r%m t/e insi*e %+ t/e pipeline-
#*& T/e in*i)i*ual pipes %+ pipe strin(s s/all be mar&e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e establis/e* pipe tra'&in(
system usin( a suitable marine paint- T/e l%'ati%n. siJe an* '%l%ur %+ t/e mar&in( s/all be suitable +%r rea*in(
by ROV *urin( installati%n- In 'ase installati%n %+ in-line assemblies %r pi((y ba'& 'ables. it may be re2uire*
t% mar& a ban* %n t%p %+ t/e pipe strin( t% )eri+y i+ any r%tati%n /as %''urre*-
F 5** H7"r!s%a%ic %es%ing
5*) Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all '%mply ,it/ Se'-= !"01 an* per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 3100-
F &** Wel"ing an" NDT
&*) Re2uirements +%r ,el*in( pr%'esses. ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n. e:e'uti%n %+ ,el*in( an* ,el*in(
pers%nnel are (i)en in Appen*i: -
&*4 Re2uirements +%r me'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n testin( +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures are (i)en in
Appen*i: !-
&*8 Re2uirements +%r met/%*s. e2uipment. pr%'e*ures. a''eptan'e 'riteria an* t/e 2uali+i'ati%n an*
'erti+i'ati%n %+ pers%nnel +%r )isual e:aminati%n an* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( CNDT4 are (i)en in Appen*i: D-
Sele'ti%n %+ n%n-*estru'ti)e met/%*s s/all '%nsi*er t/e re2uirements in Appen*i: D. A;00-
&*4 Re2uirements t% aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( CA8T4 are (i)en in Appen*i: E-
&*# 6embers t% be ,el*e* s/all be br%u(/t int% '%rre't ali(nment an* /el* in p%siti%n by 'lamps. %t/er
suitable *e)i'es. %r ta'& ,el*s. until ,el*in( /as pr%(resse* t% a sta(e ,/ere t/e /%l*in( *e)i'es %r ta'& ,el*s
'an be rem%)e* ,it/%ut *an(er %+ *ist%rti%n. s/rin&a(e %r 'ra'&in(- Suitable all%,an'es s/all be ma*e +%r
*ist%rti%n an* s/rin&a(e ,/ere appr%priate-
&*5 T/e +abri'ati%n an* ,el*in( se2uen'e s/all be su'/ t/at t/e am%unt %+ s/rin&a(e. *ist%rti%n an* resi*ual
stress is minimise*-
&*& F%r pr%*u'ti%n testin(. see App-. 3="> t% =#"-
&*2 T/e e:tent %+ NDT +%r installati%n (irt/ ,el*s s/all be 100L ultras%ni' %r ra*i%(rap/i' testin(-
Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( s/%ul* be supplemente* ,it/ ultras%ni' testin( in %r*er t% en/an'e t/e pr%bability %+
*ete'ti%n an*I%r '/ara'terisati%nIsiJin( %+ *e+e'ts-
&*: All ,el*s s/all be subGe't t% 100L )isual inspe'ti%n-
&)* F%r ,all t/i'&ness _ "= mm. aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( s/%ul* be use*-
&)) 8ltras%ni' testin( C8T4 %r aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( CA8T4 s/all be use* in t/e +%ll%,in( 'ases0
1 ,/ene)er siJin( %+ +la, /ei(/t an*I%r *eterminati%n %+ t/e +la, *ept/ is re2uire* Cre+- Se'-= DH0"4-
1 100L laminati%n '/e'&s %+ a =0 mm ,i*e ban* at en*s %+ 'ut pipe-
&)4 @/en ra*i%(rap/i' testin( is t/e primary NDT met/%* 8T %r A8T s/all be use* in t/e +%ll%,in( 'ases0
1 F%r t/e +irst 10 ,el*s +%r ,el*in( pr%'esses ,it/ /i(/ p%tential +%r n%n-+usi%n type *e+e'ts. ,/en startin(
installati%n %r ,/en resumin( pr%*u'ti%n a+ter suspensi%n %+ ,el*in(
1 t% supplement ra*i%(rap/i' testin( +%r un+a)%urable (r%%)e '%n+i(urati%ns
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $24
1 +%r ,all t/i'&ness ab%)e "= mm0
1 t% pr%)i*e a**iti%nal ran*%m l%'al sp%t '/e'&s *urin( installati%n
1 t% supplement ra*i%(rap/i' testin( t% ai* in '/ara'terisin( an* siJin( %+ ambi(u%us in*i'ati%ns-
&)8 I+ 8T re)eals *e+e'ts n%t *is'%)ere* by ra*i%(rap/y. t/e e:tent %+ 8T s/all be 100L +%r t/e ne:t 10
,el*s- I+ t/e results %+ t/is e:ten*e* testin( are unsatis+a't%ry. t/e ,el*in( s/all be suspen*e* until t/e 'auses
%+ t/e *e+e'ts /a)e been establis/e* an* re'ti+ie*-
&)4 F%r ,el*s ,/ere all%,able *e+e't siJes are base* %n an EA. 8T s/all supplement ra*i%(rap/i' testin(.
unless A8T is per+%rme*-
&)# All NDT s/all be per+%rme* a+ter '%mpleti%n %+ all '%l* +%rmin( an* /eat treatment-
F 2** C'%%ing= +!r$ing an" hea% %rea%$en%
2*) Attenti%n s/all be pai* t% l%'al e++e'ts %n material pr%perties an* any a'ti)ities 'ausin( 'arb%n
'%ntaminati%n ,/ere t/is is rele)ant- Pre/eatin( %+ t/e area t% be 'ut may be re2uire*- arb%n '%ntaminati%n
s/all be rem%)e* by (rin*in( %++ t/e a++e'te* material-
F%rmin( %+ material s/all be a''%r*in( t% a(ree* pr%'e*ures-
F :** Deri+ica%i!n !+ "i$ensi!ns an" 1eigh%
:*) Veri+i'ati%n %+ *imensi%ns s/%ul* be per+%rme* in %r*er t% establis/ '%n+%rman'e ,it/ t/e re2uire*
*imensi%ns an* t%leran'es-
:*4 Veri+i'ati%n %+ *imensi%ns )eri+i'ati%n %+ pipe strin(s +%r t%,in( an* sp%%ls s/all in'lu*e ,ei(/t. an*
t/e *istributi%n %+ ,ei(/t an* bu%yan'y-
F )*** C!rr!si!n (r!%ec%i!n an" %her$al ins'la%i!n
)**) Appli'ati%n %+ '%atin(s an* installati%n %+ an%*es s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ Se'-H-
)**4 A''eptable temperature ran(es +%r sp%%lin( %perati%ns s/all be *e+ine*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
8n*esire* e)ents su'/ as 'ra'&in( %+ +iel* G%ints may %''ur +%r l%, temperatures-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G. H7"r!s%a%ic Tes%ing
G )** H7"r!s%a%ic %es%ing
)*) Pri%r t% per+%rmin( /y*r%stati' testin( t/e test %bGe't s/all be 'leane* an* (au(e*-
)*4 T/e e:tent %+ t/e se'ti%n t% be teste* s/all be s/%,n %n *ra,in(s %r s&et'/es- T/e limits %+ t/e test.
temp%rary blin* +lan(es. en* 'l%sures an* t/e l%'ati%n an* ele)ati%n %+ test instruments an* e2uipment s/all be
s/%,n- T/e ele)ati%n %+ t/e test instruments s/all ser)e as a re+eren'e +%r t/e test pressure-
)*8 En* 'l%sures an* %t/er temp%rary testin( e2uipment s/all be *esi(ne*. +abri'ate*. an* teste* t% ,it/stan*
t/e ma:imum test pressure. an* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a re'%(nise* '%*e-
)*4 Testin( s/%ul* n%t be per+%rme* a(ainst in-line )al)es. unless p%ssible lea&a(e an* *ama(e t% t/e )al)e
is '%nsi*ere*. an* t/e )al)e is *esi(ne* an* teste* +%r t/e pressure test '%n*iti%n- !l%'&in( %++ %r rem%)al %+
small-b%re bran'/es an* instrument tappin(s s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere* in %r*er t% a)%i* p%ssible '%ntaminati%n-
%nsi*erati%ns s/all be (i)en t% pre-+illin( )al)e b%*y 'a)ities ,it/ an inert li2ui* unless t/e )al)es /a)e
pr%)isi%ns +%r pressure e2ualisati%n a'r%ss t/e )al)e seats-
)*# @el*s s/all n%t be '%ate*. painte* %r '%)ere*. i+ t/e purp%se %+ t/e test is 100L )isual inspe'ti%n-
H%,e)er. t/in primer '%atin(s may be use* ,/ere a(ree*-
)*5 @el*s may be '%ate* %r painte* i+ t/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is base* %n pressure %bser)ati%ns-
)*& Instruments an* test e2uipment use* +%r measurement %+ pressure. )%lume. an* temperature s/all be
'alibrate* +%r a''ura'y. repeatability. an* sensiti)ity- All instruments an* test e2uipment s/all p%ssess )ali*
'alibrati%n 'erti+i'ates ,it/ tra'eability t% re+eren'e stan*ar*s ,it/in t/e > m%nt/s pre'e*in( t/e test- I+ t/e
instruments an* test e2uipment /a)e been in +re2uent use. t/ey s/%ul* be 'alibrate* spe'i+i'ally +%r t/e test-
)*2 3au(es an* re'%r*ers s/all be '/e'&e* +%r '%rre't +un'ti%n imme*iately be+%re ea'/ test- All test
e2uipment s/all be l%'ate* in a sa+e p%siti%n %utsi*e t/e test b%un*ary area-
)*: T/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements apply +%r instruments an* test e2uipment0
1 testers s/all /a)e a ran(e %+ minimum 1-"= times t/e spe'i+ie* test pressure. ,it/ an a''ura'y better t/an
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $25
[ 0-1 bar an* a sensiti)ity better t/an 0-0= bar-
1 temperature-measurin( instruments an* re'%r*ers s/all /a)e an a''ura'y better t/an [ 1-0
]
1 pressure an* temperature re'%r*ers are t% be use* t% pr%)i*e a (rap/i'al re'%r* %+ t/e pressure test +%r t/e
t%tal *urati%n %+ t/e test-
))* T/e test me*ium s/%ul* be +res/ ,ater %r a*e2uately treate* sea ,ater. as appli'able-
Fillin( pr%'e*ure s/all ensure minimum air p%'&ets-
))) Pressurisati%n s/all be per+%rme* as a '%ntr%lle* %perati%n ,it/ '%nsi*erati%n +%r ma:imum all%,able
)el%'ities in t/e inlet pipin( up t% H=L %+ t/e test pressure- T/e +inal =L up t% t/e test pressure s/all be raise*
at a re*u'e* rate t% ensure t/at t/e test pressure is n%t e:'ee*e*- Time s/all be all%,e* +%r '%n+irmati%n %+
temperature an* pressure stabilisati%n be+%re t/e test /%l* peri%* be(ins-
))4 T/e test pressure s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirement-
))8 @/en t/e test a''eptan'e is base* %n %bser)ati%n %+ pressure )ariati%ns. 'al'ulati%ns s/%,in( t/e e++e't
%+ temperature '/an(es %n t/e test pressure s/all be *e)el%pe* pri%r t% startin( t/e test- Temperature measurin(
*e)i'es. i+ use*. s/all be p%siti%ne* 'l%se t% t/e test %bGe't an* t/e *istan'e bet,een t/e *e)i'es s/all be base*
%n temperature (ra*ients al%n( t/e test %bGe't-
))4 F%r /y*r%stati' testin( %+ sin(le '%mp%nents. e-(- ben*s. tees t/e +%ll%,in( pressure /%l*in( times apply0
1 ,/en t/e test a''eptan'e is base* %n 100L )isual inspe'ti%n. t/e /%l*in( time at test pressure s/all be until
100L )isual inspe'ti%n is '%mplete %r " /%urs. ,/i'/e)er is l%n(er-
1 ,/en t/e test a''eptan'e is base* %n pressure %bser)ati%n. t/e /%l*in( time at test pressure s/all n%t be less
t/an " /%urs-
F%r /y*r%stati' testin( %+ assemblies. e-(- pipe strin(s. stal&s t/e +%ll%,in( pressure /%l*in( times apply0
1 ,/en t/e test a''eptan'e is base* %n 100L )isual inspe'ti%n. t/e /%l*in( time at test pressure s/all be until
100L )isual inspe'ti%n is '%mplete %r " /%urs. ,/i'/e)er is l%n(er-
1 ,/en t/e test a''eptan'e is base* %n pressure %bser)ati%n. t/e /%l*in( time at test pressure s/all n%t be less
t/an F /%urs- Ot/er /%l*in( times may be applie* subGe't t% a(reement. e-(- subGe't t% )%lumes t% be teste*-
))# T/e pressure test is a''eptable +%r0
1 100L )isual inspe'ti%n ,/en t/ere are n% %bser)e* lea&s Ce-(- at ,el*s. +lan(es. me'/ani'al '%nne't%rs4
an* t/e pressure /as at n% time *urin( t/e /%l* peri%* +allen bel%, HHL %+ t/e test pressure- 100L )isual
inspe'ti%n s/all %nly be a''eptable ,/ere t/ere is n% ris& t/at a lea& may (% un*ete'te* *ue t% pre)ailin(
en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns
1 100L pressure %bser)ati%n ,/en t/e pressure /as at n% time *urin( t/e /%l* peri%* +allen bel%, HHL %+
t/e test pressure an* t/e test pressure pr%+ile %)er t/e test /%l* peri%* is '%nsistent ,it/ t/e pre*i'te*
pressure pr%+ile ta&in( int% a''%unt )ariati%ns in temperatures an* %t/er en)ir%nmental '/an(es-
))5 D%'umentati%n pr%*u'e* in '%nne'ti%n ,it/ t/e pressure testin( s/all. ,/ere rele)ant. in'lu*e0
1 test *ra,in(s %r s&et'/es
1 pressure an* temperature re'%r*er '/arts
1 l%( %+ pressure an* temperatures
1 'alibrati%n 'erti+i'ates +%r instruments an* test e2uipment
1 'al'ulati%n %+ pressure an* temperature relati%ns/ip an* Gusti+i'ati%n +%r a''eptan'e-
G 4** Al%erna%i-e %es% (ress'res
4*) F%r '%mp%nents +itte* ,it/ pup pie'es %+ material i*enti'al t% t/e a*G%inin( pipeline. t/e test pressure
'an be re*u'e* t% a pressure t/at pr%*u'e an e2ui)alent stress %+ H>L %+ S6RS in t/e pup pie'e-
4*4 I+ t/e alternati)e test pressure in 3"01 'ann%t be use* an* t/e stren(t/ %+ t/e pup pie'e is n%t su++i'ient0
1 Testin( s/all be per+%rme* pri%r t% ,el*in( %+ pup pie'es- T/e ,el* bet,een '%mp%nent an* pup pie'e is
re(ar*e* a pipeline ,el* an* ,ill be teste* *urin( pipeline system testin(-
H. D!c'$en%a%i!n= Rec!r"s= Cer%i+ica%i!n an" Mar0ing
H )** General
)*) All base material. +ittin(s an*. +lan(es. et'- s/all be *eli)ere* ,it/ Inspe'ti%n erti+i'ate #-1 a''%r*in(
t% Eur%pean Stan*ar* EN 10"0; %r a''epte* e2ui)alent-
T/e inspe'ti%n 'erti+i'ate s/all in'lu*e0
1 i*enti+i'ati%n t/e pr%*u'ts '%)ere* by t/e 'erti+i'ate ,it/ re+eren'e t% /eat number. /eat treatment bat'/ et'-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $26
1 *imensi%ns an* ,ei(/ts %+ pr%*u'ts
1 t/e results C%r re+eren'e t% t/e results4 %+ all spe'i+ie* inspe'ti%ns an* tests
1 t/e supply '%n*iti%n an* t/e temperature %+ t/e +inal /eat treatment-
)*4 Re'%r*s +r%m t/e 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS an* %t/er *%'umentati%n s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-1"-
)*8 Ea'/ e2uipment %r '%mp%nent item s/all be a*e2uately an* uni2uely mar&e* +%r i*enti+i'ati%n- T/e
mar&in( s/all. as a minimum. pr%)i*e '%rrelati%n %+ t/e pr%*u't ,it/ t/e relate* inspe'ti%n *%'umentati%n-
)*4 T/e mar&in( s/all be su'/ t/at it easily ,ill be i*enti+ie*. an* retaine* *urin( t/e subse2uent a'ti)ities-
)*# Ot/er mar&in(s re2uire* +%r i*enti+i'ati%n may be re2uire*-
)*5 E2uipment an* '%mp%nents s/all be a*e2uately pr%te'te* +r%m /arm+ul *eteri%rati%n +r%m t/e time %+
manu+a'ture until ta&en int% use-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.6 (onstruction " (orrosion 0rotection and 9eight (oating - 0age $3%
SECT;ON :
CONSTRUCT;ON - CORROS;ON 9ROTECT;ON AND WE;GHT COAT;NG
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is se'ti%n (i)es re2uirements an* re'%mmen*ati%ns %n0
1 appli'ati%n Cmanu+a'ture4 %+ e:ternal pipeline '%atin(s in'lu*in( +iel* G%int '%atin(s an* in+ill
1 appli'ati%n Cmanu+a'ture4 %+ '%n'rete ,ei(/t '%atin(s
1 manu+a'ture %+ (al)ani' an%*es
1 installati%n %+ (al)ani' an%*es-
)*4 T/e %bGe'ti)es are t% ensure t/at t/e e:ternal '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l system an* any ,ei(/t '%atin( are
*esi(ne* an* +abri'ate* t% ensure pr%per +un'ti%n +%r t/e *esi(n li+e %+ t/e systems- As t% t/e last item ab%)e.
it is a +urt/er %bGe'ti)e t% ensure t/at t/e +astenin( *%es n%t imp%se any *ama(e %r /aJar*s a++e'tin( t/e
inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline system-
A 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) T/is se'ti%n is appli'able t% t/e preparati%n %+ spe'i+i'ati%ns +%r manu+a'tureIinstallati%n %+ e:ternal
'%rr%si%n '%ntr%l systems an* +%r t/e manu+a'ture %+ '%n'rete ,ei(/t '%atin( *urin( t/e '%nstru'ti%n p/ase-
Su'/ spe'i+i'ati%ns s/all *e+ine t/e re2uirements t% pr%perties %+ t/e '%atin(s an* an%*es. an* t% t/e ass%'iate*
2uality '%ntr%l-
4*4 6anu+a'tureIinstallati%n %+ any impresse* 'urrent P systems +%r lan*+alls is n%t '%)ere* by t/is
stan*ar*- T/e re2uirements in ISO 1==FH-1 s/all t/en apply-
A 8** S7s%e$a%ic re-ie1
8*) An %)erall re2uirement t% systemati' re)ie, in Se'-" s/all +%r t/is se'ti%n imply0
1 T/e sele'ti%n %+ '%atin( system an* its *etaile* *esi(n s/all ta&e int% '%nsi*erati%ns e-(- t/e pipe layin(
met/%*. pipe l%a*in( '%n*iti%ns an* pipeline %peratin( '%n*iti%ns in ser)i'e-
1 T/e sele'ti%n %+ '%atin( system an* its *etaile* *esi(n s/all ta&e int% '%nsi*erati%n '%mpatibility bet,een
linepipe '%atin( system. +iel* G%int '%atin( system. in+ill an* '%n'rete '%atin( C,/en appli'able4-
1 In t/e '%atin( pur'/ase spe'i+i'ati%n. as-applie* '%atin( pr%perties s/all be *e+ine* an* re2uirements t%
met/%*s. +re2uen'y an* a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r t/eir )eri+i'ati%n s/all be spe'i+ie*-
1 Pri%r t% start %+ '%atin( appli'ati%n. essential appli'ati%n pr%'ess parameters s/all be *e+ine* by t/e '%atin(
appli'at%r- T/e essential pr%'ess parameters s/all be pr%Ge't spe'i+i' an* s/%ul* be )eri+ie* in a Pr%'e*ure
5uali+i'ati%n Trial CP5T. see !"0" an* ;0" bel%,4 t% ensure t/at spe'i+ie* '%atin( pr%perties 'an be
+ul+ille*- 5uality '%ntr%l *urin( pr%*u'ti%n s/all )eri+y t/at t/e essential pr%'ess parameters are maintaine*
*urin( pr%*u'ti%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
E:amples %+ /%, ina*e2uate '%atin( pr%perties may result in +ailures are0
- P%%r a*/esi%n bet,een steel sur+a'e an* '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti)e '%atin( may result in partly %r '%mpletely
*eta'/ment %+ '%atin( *urin( st%ra(e %r %perati%n-
- Insu++i'ient b%n*in( t% steel substrateIbet,een '%atin( layers. in '%mbinati%n ,it/ l%, *u'tility %+ as-applie*
'%atin( may 'ause 'ra'&in( %+ linepipe an*I%r +iel* G%intsIin+ill *urin( reelin( %+ pipelines-
- Insu++i'ient s/ear resistan'e 'apa'ity bet,een '%rr%si%n '%atin( an* '%n'rete '%atin( may result in a sa+ety ris&
*urin( installati%n *ue t% su**en sli*in( %+ t/e '%n'rete '%atin( relati)e t% steel pipe. an*I%r *ama(e t% +iel* G%ints
an* an%*es *urin( %perati%n *ue t% t/ermal a:ial e:pansi%n %+ t/e steel pipe relati)e t% t/e '%n'rete '%atin(-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
3. E,%ernal C!rr!si!n 9r!%ec%i-e C!a%ings
3 )** General
)*) Pr%perties %+ t/e '%atin( Cas-applie*4 an* re2uirements t% 2uality '%ntr%l *urin( appli'ati%n s/all be
*e+ine* in a pur'/ase spe'i+i'ati%n Csee Se'-> =004-
)*4 F%r appli'ati%n %+ #-layer p%ly%le+in '%atin(s C#-layer p%lyet/yleneIp%lypr%pylene4. sin(le layer +usi%n-
b%n*e* ep%:y '%atin(s an* +iel* G%int '%atin(s. re2uirements in ISO "1F0H Cpart 1-#4 s/all apply ,it/ t/e
a**iti%nal re2uirements as spe'i+ie* bel%, in Se'ti%n !-
)*8 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r appli'ati%n %+ linepipe '%atin(s an* +iel* G%int '%atin( are (i)en in DNV-RP-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.6 (onstruction " (orrosion 0rotection and 9eight (oating - 0age $3$
F10> an* DNV-RP-F10". respe'ti)ely-
G'i"ance n!%eF
DNV-RP-F10> an* DNV-RP-F10" /a)e emp/asis %n 2uality '%ntr%l pr%'e*ures an* *%'umentati%n- T/ey '%mply
,it/ an* re+er t% ISO "1F0H ,it/ s%me a**iti%nal re2uirements +%r rele)ant '%atin( systems Cin'lu*in( s%me
a**iti%nal systems t% t/%se *e+ine* in ISO "1F0H4- DNV-RP-F10" als% '%)ers +iel* repairs %+ linepipe '%atin( an*
in+ill. see Se'-> D;00- T/ese *%'uments are appli'able t% t/e preparati%n %+ '%atin( spe'i+i'ati%ns an* 'an als% be
use* as a pur'/ase *%'ument i+ amen*e* t% in'lu*e pr%Ge't an* any %perat%r spe'i+i' re2uirements-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*4 T/e *esi(n an* 2uality '%ntr%l *urin( appli'ati%n %+ +iel* G%int '%atin(s is essential t% t/e inte(rity %+
pipelines in HIS sus'eptible materials. in'lu*in( +erriti'-austeniti' C*uple:4 an* martensiti' stainless steel-
Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r *esi(n an* 2uality '%ntr%l *urin( appli'ati%n %+ +iel* G%int '%atin(s is (i)en in
DNV-RP-F10"-
3 4** C!a%ing $a%erials= s'r+ace (re(ara%i!n= c!a%ing a((lica%i!n an" ins(ec%i!nH%es%ing !+ c!a%ing
4*) All '%atin( ,%r& s/all be 'arrie* %ut a''%r*in( t% a pr%Ge't spe'i+i' SAppli'ati%n Pr%'e*ure
Spe'i+i'ati%nT CAPS. als% re+erre* t% as S6anu+a'turin( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%nT. 6PS4- T/e +%ll%,in( items
s/all be *es'ribe* in t/e pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n0
1 re'eipt. /an*lin( an* st%ra(e %+ '%atin( materials
1 sur+a'e preparati%n an* inspe'ti%n
1 '%atin( appli'ati%n an* m%nit%rin( %+ essential pr%'ess parameters
1 inspe'ti%n an* testin( %+ '%atin(
1 '%atin( repairs an* strippin( %+ *e+e't '%atin(
1 preparati%n %+ 'ut-ba'&s C+%r linepipe '%atin(4
1 mar&in(. tra'eability an* /an*lin( %+ n%n-'%n+%rmities
1 /an*lin( an* st%ra(e %+ '%ate* pipes C+%r linepipe '%atin(4
1 *%'umentati%n-
6aterial *ata s/eets +%r '%atin(. blastin( an* any %t/er sur+a'e preparati%n materials may eit/er be in'lu*e* in
t/e APS %r in a separate *%'ument- T/e pur'/aser may spe'i+y t/at t/e ab%)e *%'umentati%n s/all be submitte*
+%r appr%)al pri%r t% t/e start %+ pr%*u'ti%n an* any P5T Csee !"0"4-
4*4 A '%atin( Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n Trial CP5TO als% re+erre* t% as an Sappli'ati%n pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n
testT %r Spre-pr%*u'ti%n 2uali+i'ati%n testT4 s/%ul* be e:e'ute* an* a''epte* by Pur'/aser be+%re startin( t/e
'%atin( ,%r&. espe'ially +%r '%atin( systems ,/i'/ rely %n a 'urin( pr%'ess t% a'/ie)e t/e spe'i+ie* pr%perties-
F%r Fiel* 7%int %atin( CF74 an* in+ill. a Pre-Pr%*u'ti%n Trial CPPT4 s/%ul* als% be per+%rme*- T/e purp%se
%+ t/e 2uali+i'ati%n is t% '%n+irm. pri%r t% t/e start %+ re(ular pr%*u'ti%n. t/at t/e '%atin( Appli'ati%n Pr%'e*ure
Spe'i+i'ati%n CAPS4. '%atin( materials. t%%lsIe2uipment an* pers%nnel t% be use* +%r pr%*u'ti%n are a*e2uate
t% a'/ie)e t/e spe'i+ie* pr%perties %+ t/e '%atin(-
4*8 An Inspe'ti%n an* Testin( Plan CITPO s%metimes re+erre* t% as an Sinspe'ti%n planT %r S2uality planT4
s/all be prepare* an* submitte* t% Pur'/aser +%r a''eptan'e- T/e ITP s/all re+er t% t/e in*i)i*ual appli'ati%n
an* inspe'ti%nItestin( a'ti)ities in '%nse'uti)e %r*er. *e+ine met/%*sIstan*ar*s. +re2uen'y %+ inspe'ti%nI
testin(. '/e'&in(I'alibrati%ns. an* a''eptan'e 'riteria- Re+eren'e s/all +urt/er be ma*e t% appli'able rep%rtin(
*%'uments an* pr%'e*ures +%r inspe'ti%n. testin( an* 'alibrati%ns-
4*4 Inspe'ti%n an* testin( *ata. essential pr%'ess parameters. repairs an* '/e'&in(I'alibrati%ns %+ e2uipment
+%r 2uality '%ntr%l s/all be re'%r*e* in a S*aily l%(T t/at s/all be up*ate* %n a *aily basis an* be a)ailable t%
Pur'/aser %n re2uest at any time *urin( '%atin( pr%*u'ti%n-
4*# T/e *aily l%( +%rmat an* +inal *%'umentati%n in*e: s/%ul* be prepare* +%r a''eptan'e by Pur'/aser pri%r
t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n-
C. C!ncre%e Weigh% C!a%ing
C )** General
)*) T/e %bGe'ti)es %+ a '%n'rete ,ei(/t '%atin( are t% pr%)i*e ne(ati)e bu%yan'y t% t/e pipeline. an* t%
pr%)i*e me'/ani'al pr%te'ti%n %+ t/e '%rr%si%n '%atin( an* linepipe *urin( installati%n an* t/r%u(/%ut t/e
pipelineAs %perati%nal li+e-
)*4 T/e '%n'rete ,ei(/t '%atin( Ct/i'&ness. stren(t/. *ensity. am%unt %+ rein+%r'ement4 s/all be *esi(ne*
+%r t/e spe'i+i' pr%Ge'tO i-e- t/e a'tual installati%n. layin( an* %perati%n '%n*iti%ns +%r t/e pipeline s/all t/en be
ta&en int% '%nsi*erati%n-
)*8 F%r materials an* appli'ati%n %+ '%n'rete ,ei(/t '%atin( re2uirements in ISO "1F0H-= s/all apply ,it/
t/e a**iti%nal an* m%*i+ie* re2uirements as spe'i+ie* bel%, in Se'ti%n -
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.6 (onstruction " (orrosion 0rotection and 9eight (oating - 0age $3&
)dditional or modified re*uirements
)*4 Para(rap/s '%ntainin( a**iti%nal re2uirements t% ISO "1F0H-= are mar&e* at t/e en* %+ t/e rele)ant
para(rap/ ,it/ AR-
Para(rap/s '%ntainin( re2uirements t/at are m%*i+ie* '%mpare* t% ISO "1F0H-= are mar&e* at t/e en* %+ t/e
rele)ant para(rap/ ,it/ 6R-
C 4** Ma%erials
4*) ement s/all be m%*erate sulp/ate resistant P%rtlan* 'ement e2ui)alent t% Type II a''%r*in( t% AST6
1=0- 6R
4*4 T/e tri'al'ium aluminate C#A4 '%ntent %+ t/e 'ement s/all n%t e:'ee* FL- 6R
4*8 T/e per'enta(e %+ t/e re'y'le* '%n'rete use* as a((re(ate s/all n%t e:'ee* <L by ,ei(/t- 6R
4*4 T/e re'laime* '%n'rete '%ntent in t/e '%n'rete mi: s/%ul* n%t e:'ee* 10L by ,ei(/t- 8se %+ /i(/er
am%unts s/all be )eri+ie* by testin( '%n+irmin( t/at t/e re2uire* '%n'rete '%atin( pr%perties 'an be a'/ie)e*-
AR
C 8** C!ncre%e $i,
8*) T/e '%ntent %+ '/l%ri*e in t/e '%n'rete mi:. 'al'ulate* as +ree al
"
s/all n%t e:'ee* 0-;L %+ t/e ,ei(/t
%+ t/e 'ement- AR
C 4** C!a%ing a((lica%i!n
4*) All '%atin( ,%r& s/all be 'arrie* %ut a''%r*in( t% an Appli'ati%n Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%n CAPS4. AR-
T/e +%ll%,in( items s/all be *es'ribe* in t/e APS0
1 ra, materials. in'lu*in( re'eipt. /an*lin( an* st%ra(e
1 '%n'rete mi: *esi(n
1 rein+%r'ement per'enta(e an* pla'ement
1 '%atin( appli'ati%n an* 'urin(
1 inspe'ti%n an* testin(. in'lu*in( 'alibrati%ns %+ e2uipment
1 '%atin( repairs
1 pipe tra'&in(. mar&in( an* '%atin( *%'umentati%n
1 /an*lin( an* st%ra(e %+ '%ate* pipes-
Pur'/aser may spe'i+y t/at t/e APS s/all be subGe't t% appr%)al pri%r t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n an* any P5T- AR
4*4 A '%atin( Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n Trial CP5TO in ISO "1F0H-= re+erre* t% as S2uali+i'ati%n testT4 s/all
be e:e'ute* an* a''epte* by Pur'/aser be+%re startin( t/e '%atin( ,%r&-
4*8 /an(es in type %+ linepipe '%atin( an*I%r appli'at%r an*I%r '/an(es in '%n'rete '%nstituent materials
an*I%r '%n'rete mi: s/all re2uire a ne, P5T- AR
4*4 Repair met/%*s s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e P5T- AR
4*# T/e +%ll%,in( inspe'ti%ns an* tests s/all als% be 'arrie* %ut *urin( P5T- AR0
1 Testin( a((re(ates a''%r*in( t% AST6 ## %r e2ui)alent
1 Determinin( ,ater '%ntent in t/e '%n'rete mi:
1 Determinin( 'ement '%ntent in t/e '%n'rete mi: an* ,aterI'ement rati%
1 Inspe'ti%n %+ linepipe '%atin( C/%li*ay *ete'ti%n4
1 alibrati%nI)eri+i'ati%n %+ all measurin( an* ,ei(/tin( e2uipment
G'i"ance n!%eF
Pur'/aser may '%nsi*er per+%rmin( a +ull s'ale ,ater abs%rpti%n test. s/ear resistan'e test an*I%r impa't resistan'e
test as an inte(ral part %+ P5T- Als%. Pur'/aser may '%nsi*er a re2uirement %n pr%*u'ti%n %+ se)eral pipes t%
*em%nstrate t/e appli'at%r 'apability %+ '%ntinu%us pr%*u'ti%n %+ '%n+%rmin( pipes-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*5 T/e +%ll%,in( m%*i+i'ati%n %+ a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r inspe'ti%ns an* tests *urin( P5T s/all apply- 6R0
1 T/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e '%n'rete '%atin( s/all n%t be less t/an ;0 mm
1 T/e minimum in-situ '%mpressi)e stren(t/ %+ t/e '%n'rete '%atin( s/all n%t be less t/an ;0 6Pa- T/e mean
stren(t/ s/all be 'al'ulate* +r%m '%mpressi)e test results %+ t/ree *rille* '%res %btaine* +r%m %ne pipe. ,it/
n% sin(le test results less t/an #; 6Pa-
4*& T/e '%n'rete '%atin( s/all be rein+%r'e* by steel bars ,el*e* t% 'a(es %r by ,ire mes/ steel- T/e
minimum per'enta(e %+ t/e steel rein+%r'ement s/all be 0-=L 'ir'um+erentially an* 0-0FL l%n(itu*inally %+
t/e 'r%ss-se'ti%nal area %+ t/e '%n'rete '%atin(- 6R
4*2 T/e minimum *iameter %+ 'ir'um+erential 'a(e rein+%r'ement s/all be = mm- 6R
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.6 (onstruction " (orrosion 0rotection and 9eight (oating - 0age $3'
4*: T/e ma:imum spa'in( bet,een 'ir'um+erential an* l%n(itu*inal 'a(e rein+%r'ement s/all be 1"= mm
an* "=0 mm. respe'ti)ely- AR
4)* T/e minimum *iameter %+ ,ire mes/ rein+%r'ement s/all be " mm- 6R
4)) T/e minimum %)erlap %+ ,ire mes/ rein+%r'ement s/all be 1-= : *istan'e bet,een t/e ,ires %r "= mm
C,/i'/e)er is (reater4- AR
4)4 6inimum '%n'rete '%)er t% t/e rein+%r'ement s/all be 1= mm +%r '%n'rete t/i'&ness less %r e2ual t% =0
mm an* minimum "0 mm +%r '%n'rete t/i'&ness (reater t/an =0 mm- 6R
4)8 T/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e '%n'rete '%atin( s/all n%t be less t/an ;0 mm- 6R
C #** ;ns(ec%i!n an" %es%ing
#*) An Inspe'ti%n an* Testin( Plan CITP4 s/all be prepare* an* submitte* t% Pur'/aser +%r a''eptan'e in *ue
time pri%r t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n- T/e ITP s/all *e+ine t/e met/%*s an* +re2uen'y %+ inspe'ti%n. testin( an*
'alibrati%ns. a''eptan'e 'riteria an* re2uirements t% *%'umentati%n- Re+eren'e s/all +urt/er be ma*e t%
appli'able rep%rtin( *%'uments an* pr%'e*ures +%r inspe'ti%n. testin( an* 'alibrati%n- AR
#*4 Ot/er stan*ar*s +%r testin( t/an t/%se spe'i+ie* in DNV-OS-F101 may be use*. pr%)i*e* t/at it is
*%'umente* *urin( P5T t/at t/e 2uality %+ materials an* applie* '%n'rete ,ei(/t '%atin( ,ill n%t be l%,er
t/an ,/en testin( a''%r*in( t% t/e stan*ar*s spe'i+ie* in t/is rule- AR
#*8 T/e *imensi%ns %+ 'ube an* 'ylin*er spe'imens C'ast +r%m +res/ '%n'rete4 +%r testin( t/e '%n'rete
'%mpressi)e stren(t/ s/all be 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 'ubes %r 100 mm 100 mm 'ylin*ers- AR
#*4 F%r /ar*ene* '%n'rete *rill '%res spe'imens. t/e *iameter %+ t/e 'ylin*er s/all n%t be less t/an #F mm
an* t/e preparati%n s/all be a''%r*in( t% AST6 #1 %r EN 1"#H0-"- AR
#*# T/e +%ll%,in( inspe'ti%ns an* tests s/all als% be 'arrie* %ut *urin( pr%*u'ti%n- AR0
1 inspe'ti%n %+ linepipe '%atin( C/%li*ay *ete'ti%n4 be+%re '%n'rete '%atin( appli'ati%n
1 'alibrati%n %+ all measurin( an* ,ei(/in( e2uipment
1 '%ntent %+ re'y'le* an* re'laime* materials in t/e '%n'rete mi:
1 s%un*in( test-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Pur'/aser may '%nsi*er per+%rmin( a +ull s'ale ,ater abs%rpti%n test as part %+ pr%*u'ti%n testin(-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*5 T/e +%ll%,in( m%*i+i'ati%n %+ a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r inspe'ti%nsItests *urin( pr%*u'ti%n s/all apply-
6R0
1 %oncrete coating thic.ness: minimum > measurements %n ea'/ pipe-
#*& Inspe'ti%n an* testin( *ata. repairs. essential pr%'ess parameters an* 'alibrati%ns %+ e2uipment +%r
2uality '%ntr%l s/all be re'%r*e* in a S*aily l%(T t/at s/all be up*ate* %n a *aily basis an* be a)ailable t% t/e
pur'/aser %n re2uest at any time *urin( '%atin( pr%*u'ti%n- AR
#*2 T/e *aily l%( +%rmat an* +inal *%'umentati%n in*e: s/%ul* be prepare* +%r a''eptan'e by Pur'/aser pri%r
t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n-
D. Man'+ac%'re !+ Gal-anic An!"es
D )** An!"e $an'+ac%'re
)*) Re2uirements t% an%*e manu+a'ture s/all be *etaile* in a pur'/ase spe'i+i'ati%n CQan%*e manu+a'turin(
spe'i+i'ati%nN4- A manu+a'turin( spe'i+i'ati%n +%r pipeline bra'elet an%*es s/all '%)er all re2uirements in ISO
1==FH-"-
Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r an%*e manu+a'ture ,it/ s%me a**iti%nal re2uirements an* (ui*an'e t% ISO.
primarily +%r 2uality '%ntr%l. is (i)en in DNV-RP-F10#-
)*4 T/e manu+a'turer %+ bra'elet an%*es s/all prepare a Qmanu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%nN C6PS4
*es'ribin( an%*e all%y Ce-(- limits +%r all%yin( an* impurity elements4 an* an%*e '%re materials. an%*e '%re
preparati%ns. an%*e 'astin(. inspe'ti%n an* testin(. '%atin( %+ bra'elet an%*e sur+a'es +a'in( t/e pipe sur+a'e.
mar&in( an* /an*lin( %+ an%*es. an* *%'umentati%n-
)*8 An SInspe'ti%n an* Testin( PlanT CITP4 +%r manu+a'ture %+ bra'elet an%*es. s/all be prepare* an*
submitte* t% t/e pur'/aser +%r a''eptan'e- It is +urt/er re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e inspe'ti%n an* testin( results are
'%mpile* in a Q*aily l%(N
Re+eren'e is (i)en t% DNV-RP-F10# +%r re2uirements an* (ui*an'e +%r preparati%n %+ t/ese *%'uments an* t%
a QPr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n TrialN CP5T4- F%r manu+a'ture %+ %t/er types %+ an%*es t/an pipeline bra'elet
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.6 (onstruction " (orrosion 0rotection and 9eight (oating - 0age $31
an%*es. re+eren'e is ma*e t% DNV-RP-!;01-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e re2uirement +%r an ITP is an amen*ment t% ISO 1==FH-"-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*4 F%r ea'/ an%*e typeIsiJe. t/e manu+a'turer s/all prepare a *etaile* *ra,in( s/%,in( l%'ati%n an*
*imensi%ns %+ an%*e inserts. an%*e (r%ss ,ei(/t an* %t/er *etails as spe'i+ie* in a pur'/ase *%'ument
)*# T/e an%*e manu+a'turer s/all prepare a *etaile* pr%'e*ure +%r ele'tr%'/emi'al testin( in '%mplian'e
,it/ t/e a(ree* stan*ar*- An %utline pr%'e*ure +%r ele'tr%'/emi'al testin( %+ an%*e material per+%rman'e
*urin( an%*e manu+a'ture is (i)en in Anne: ! %+ DNV-RP-!;01 an* in Anne: D %+ ISO 1==FH-"-
)*5 6ar&in( %+ an%*es s/all ensure tra'eability t% /eat number- An%*es s/%ul* be *eli)ere* a''%r*in( t% ISO
10;<;. Inspe'ti%n erti+i'ate #-1-! %r EN 10"0;. Inspe'ti%n erti+i'ate #-1-
E. ;ns%alla%i!n !+ Gal-anic An!"es
E )** An!"e ins%alla%i!n
)*) Installati%n %+ an%*es s/all meet t/e re2uirements in ISO 1==FH-"- Re'%mmen*e* pra'tise +%r
installati%n %+ an%*es ,it/ s%me a**iti%nal re2uirements an* (ui*elines. primarily +%r 2uality '%ntr%l. are (i)en
in DNV RP-F10#-
)*4 F%r martensiti' an* +erriti'-austeniti' C*uple:4 stainless steels an* +%r %t/er steels ,it/ S6RS _ ;=0
6Pa. n% ,el*in( +%r an%*e +astenin( Cin'lu*in( installati%n %+ *%ublin( plates4 s/%ul* be 'arrie* %ut %n
linepipe %r %t/er pressure '%ntainin( '%mp%nents-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e re2uirement ab%)e is an amen*ment t% ISO 1==FH-"- 6%st P relate* HIS *ama(e t% pipeline '%mp%nents in
RANs /a)e %''urre* at ,el*e* '%nne'ti%ns %+ (al)ani' an%*es t% t/e pipe ,alls- T% se'ure a*e2uate +astenin( %+
pipeline bra'elet an%*es +%r '%mpatibility ,it/ t/e appli'able installati%n te'/ni2ues. +%r'e* 'lampin( %+ an%*es is
appli'able in '%mbinati%n ,it/ ele'tri'al 'ables atta'/e* t% an%*es an* pipeline by braJin(- H%,e)er. +%r many
appli'ati%ns. P 'an be pr%)i*e* by an%*es atta'/e* t% %t/er stru'tures ele'tri'ally '%nne'te* t% t/e pipeline Csee
Se'-> D=004- F%r installati%n %+ an%*es %n su'/ stru'tures. re+eren'e is ma*e t% DNV-RP-!;01-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*8 All ,el*in( %r braJin( %+ an%*e +astenin( *e)i'es an* '%nne't%r 'ables s/all be 'arrie* %ut a''%r*in( t%
a 2uali+ie* pr%'e*ure Csee Appen*i: %+ t/is stan*ar*4 t% *em%nstrate t/at t/e re2uirements in ISO 1#F;< t%
ma:imum /ar*ness C,el*in(IbraJin(4 an* '%pper penetrati%n CbraJin( in'lu*in( Qalumin%t/ermi' ,el*in(N4
are met-
)*4 F%r linepipe t% be '%n'rete ,ei(/t '%ate*. ele'tri'al '%nta't bet,een '%n'rete rein+%r'ement an* t/e
an%*es s/all be pre)ente*- T/e (aps bet,een t/e an%*e /al+ s/ells may be +ille* ,it/ asp/alt masti'.
p%lyuret/ane %r similar- Any spilla(e %+ +illin( '%mp%un* %n t/e e:ternal an%*e sur+a'es s/all be rem%)e*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $32
SECT;ON )*
CONSTRUCT;ON OFFSHORE
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is se'ti%n pr%)i*es re2uirements as t% stu*ies. analyses an* *%'umentati%n s/all be prepare* an*
a(ree* +%r t/e %++s/%re '%nstru'ti%n. an* +urt/er t% pr%)i*e re2uirements +%r t/e installati%n an* testin( %+ t/e
'%mplete submarine pipeline system-
A 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) T/is se'ti%n is appli'able t% %++s/%re '%nstru'ti%n %+ submarine pipeline systems *esi(ne* an*
'%nstru'te* a''%r*in( t% t/is stan*ar*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Parts %+ t/is se'ti%n may als% be applie* +%r '%nstru'ti%n an* installati%n %+ +le:ible pipelines %r risers. subGe't t%
a(reement- In parti'ular may subse'ti%n E be rele)ant in su'/ 'ases-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
A 8** S7s%e$a%ic re-ie1
8*) T/e %)erall re2uirement t% systemati' re)ie, in Se'-" s/all be re+le'te* in t/e %++s/%re '%nstru'ti%n %+
t/e pipeline-
8*4 Systemati' analyses %+ e2uipment an* %++s/%re '%nstru'ti%n s/all be per+%rme* in %r*er t% i*enti+y
p%ssible 'riti'al items %r a'ti)ities ,/i'/ '%ul* 'ause %r a((ra)ate a /aJar*%us '%n*iti%n. an* t% ensure t/at
e++e'ti)e reme*ial measures are ta&en-
8*8 T/e e:tent %+ systemati' re)ie, s/all *epen* %n 'riti'ality %+ %perati%ns an* e:perien'e +r%m pre)i%us
similar %perati%ns-
8*4 T/e systemati' analyses s/%ul* be 'arrie* %ut as a +ailure m%*e e++e't analysis CF6EA4 +%r e2uipment
an* /aJar* an* %perability stu*ies CHAUOP4 +%r 'riti'al %perati%ns- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r F6EA an*
HAUOP is (i)en in DNV-RP-H101- F%r HAUOP. re+eren'e is als% ma*e t% API RP 1<N-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Typi'al items t% be '%)ere* +%r HAUOP in'lu*e0
- simultane%us %perati%ns
- li+tin( %perati%ns in'lu*in( pipe G%ints transp%rtati%n an* st%ra(e
- *ry an* ,et bu'&les in'lu*in( +l%%*in( %+ pipe
- initiati%n an* lay *%,n in'lu*in( s/%re pull
- %perati%ns insi*e sa+ety J%nes
- 'riti'al %perati%ns Clayin( in s/%rt ra*ii 'ur)es. areas ,it/ steep sl%pes et'-4
- +ailure %+ e2uipment an* measurin( an* m%nit%rin( *e)i'es
- tie-in %perati%n
- pre-'%mmissi%nin( a'ti)ities
- en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns an* ,eat/er 'riteria
- emer(en'y aban*%nment
- l%ss %+ stati%n &eepin( 'apabilities
- sur)ey-
It is *esire* t% miti(ate p%tential /aJar*s by en(ineerin( measures-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*# T/e results %+ t/e F6EA analysis %r HAUOP stu*ies s/all als% be use* in *eterminin( t/e e:tent an*
*ept/ %+ )eri+i'ati%n %+ e2uipment an* pr%'e*ures-
A 4** ;ns%alla%i!n $an'al
4*) An installati%n manual s/all be prepare* by t/e %ntra't%r. see Subse'ti%n B-
A #** E'ali%7 ass'rance
#*) T/e %ntra't%r s/all as a minimum /a)e an implemente* 2uality assuran'e system meetin( t/e
re2uirements %+ ISO H001 8uality management systems P Re*uirements %r e2ui)alent- Furt/er re2uirements
+%r 2uality assuran'e are (i)en in Se'-" !=00-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $33
#*4 T/e installati%n '%ntra't%r s/all *em%nstrate '%mplian'e ,it/ 5AI5 system-
#*8 T/e %ntra't%r s/all use '%mpetent pers%nnel at all sta(es %+ t/e pr%Ge't- Permanent te'/ni'al.
mana(erial an* plannin( pers%nnel s/all /a)e a*e2uate e*u'ati%n. trainin( an* e:perien'e '%mmensurate ,it/
t/eir *uties an* le)el %+ super)isi%n un*er ,/i'/ t/e ,%r& is per+%rme*- T/ese re2uirements s/all be part %+
t/e '%ntra't%rNs 2uality mana(ement system-
#*4 All en(ineerin( analysis an* 'al'ulati%ns re2uire* t% supp%rt installati%n pr%'e*ures s/all be per+%rme*
by te'/ni'al sta++ ,it/ t/e appr%priate e*u'ati%nal 2uali+i'ati%ns an* e:perien'e- Su'/ ,%r& s/all be *is'ipline
'/e'&e* an* appr%)e* by resp%nsible en(ineers in t/e '%ntra't%rNs %r(aniJati%n %r e:ternal '%nsultants-
#*# F%r %++s/%re pers%nnel. '%ntra't%r s/all /a)e a '%mpeten'e assuran'e pr%(ram similar t% t/e I6A
%mpeten'e Assuran'e an* Assessment +rame,%r& %r e2ui)alent. +%r all pers%nnel in)%l)e* in marine. *i)in(.
%++s/%re sur)ey. rem%te %perati%ns an* ROV ,%r&-
#*5 A master lan(ua(e +%r '%mmuni'ati%ns s/all be *e+ine*- Plat+%rms +%r ,/ere master lan(ua(e s/all be
use* s/all be *e+ine*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e purp%se %+ *e+inin( a master lan(ua(e is t% a)%i* mis'%mmuni'ati%ns an* t% ensure t/at all parties may re'ei)e
an* un*erstan* '%mmuni'ati%ns- T/e master lan(ua(e is n%rmally *e+ine* by t/e Operat%r- F%r plat+%rms ,/ere
master lan(ua(e is n%t re2uire*. %t/er lan(ua(es may be use* as appr%priate-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*& Key pers%nnel s/all /a)e su++i'ient )erbal '%mmuni'ati%n s&ills in t/e '%mm%n lan(ua(e use* *urin(
%perati%ns-
3. 9i(e asse$6lies !nsh!re
3 )** 9i(e asse$6lies !nsh!re
)*) F%r pipe assemblies %ns/%re. re+eren'e is (i)en t% Se'-F F-
)*4 F%r linepipe temp%rary st%ra(e an* transp%rtati%n. see Se'-F F;00-
C. 9i(eline R!'%e= 9re-ins%alla%i!n S'r-e7 an" 9re(ara%i!n
C )** 9re-ins%alla%i!n r!'%e s'r-e7
)*) A pre-installati%n sur)ey %+ t/e pipeline r%ute s/%ul* be per+%rme* in a**iti%n t% t/e r%ute sur)ey
re2uire* +%r *esi(n purp%ses '%)ere* by Se'-# >00 i+0
1 t/e time elapse* sin'e t/e pre)i%us sur)ey is si(ni+i'ant
1 a '/an(e in seabe* '%n*iti%ns is li&ely t% /a)e %''urre*
1 t/e r%ute is in areas ,it/ /ea)y marine a'ti)ity
1 ne, installati%ns %r +a'ilities are present in t/e area
1 seabe* preparati%n ,%r& is per+%rme* ,it/in t/e r%ute '%rri*%r a+ter pre)i%us sur)ey-
)*4 T/e pre-installati%n sur)ey s/%ul* *etermine0
1 p%tential ne,Ipre)i%usly n%t i*enti+ie* /aJar*s t% t/e pipeline an* t/e installati%n %perati%ns
1 l%'ati%n %+ ,re'&s. submarine installati%ns an* %t/er %bstru'ti%ns su'/ as mines. *ebris. r%'&s an* b%ul*ers
t/at mi(/t inter+ere ,it/. %r imp%se restri'ti%ns %n. t/e installati%n %perati%ns
1 t/at t/e present seabe* '%n*iti%ns '%n+irm t/%se %+ t/e sur)ey re2uire* in Se'-#
1 any %t/er p%tential /aJar*s *ue t% t/e nature %+ t/e su''ee*in( %perati%ns-
)*8 T/e e:tent %+. an* t/e re2uirements +%r. t/e pre-installati%n r%ute sur)ey s/all be spe'i+ie*-
C 4** Sea6e" (re(ara%i!n incl'"ing sh!re a((r!aches
4*) Seabe* preparati%n may be re2uire* t%0
1 rem%)e %bsta'les an* p%tential /aJar*s inter+erin( ,it/ t/e installati%n %perati%ns
1 pre)ent l%a*s %r l%a* e++e'ts t/at %''ur as a result %+ seabe* '%n*iti%ns %r s/%re area su'/ as unstable sl%pes.
san* ,a)es. *eep )alleys an* p%ssible er%si%n an* s'%ur +r%m e:'ee*in( t/e *esi(n 'riteria
1 prepare +%r pipeline an* 'able 'r%ssin(s
1 in+ill *epressi%ns an* rem%)e /i(/-sp%ts t% pre)ent una''eptable +ree spans
1 'arry %ut any %t/er preparati%n *ue t% t/e nature %+ t/e su''ee*in( %perati%ns
1 a)%i* *ama(e t% '%atin( an* an%*es an* %t/er atta'/ments t% t/e pipeline-
4*4 T/e e:tent %+. an* t/e re2uirements +%r. seabe* preparati%n s/all be spe'i+ie*- T/e layin( t%leran'es s/all
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $34
be '%nsi*ere* ,/en t/e e:tent %+ seabe* preparati%n is *etermine*-
4*8 @/ere tren'/ e:'a)ati%n is re2uire* be+%re pipelayin(. tren'/ s/all be e:'a)ate* t% a su++i'iently sm%%t/
pr%+ile-
C 8** E,is%ing (i(elines an" ca6les incl'"ing cr!ssings
8*) T/e l%'ati%n %+ any %t/er pipelines. 'ables %r %t/er in+rastru'ture s/all be i*enti+ie*-
8*4 Preparati%ns +%r 'r%ssin( %+ pipelines an* 'ables s/all be 'arrie* %ut a''%r*in( t% a spe'i+i'ati%n *etailin(
t/e measures a*%pte* t% a)%i* *ama(e t% b%t/ installati%ns- T/e %perati%ns s/%ul* be m%nit%re* t% '%n+irm
pr%per pla'ement an* '%n+i(urati%n %+ t/e supp%rts- Supp%rt an* pr%+ile %)er t/e e:istin( installati%n s/all be
in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e a''epte* *esi(n-
8*8 T/e spe'i+i'ati%n s/all state re2uirements '%n'ernin(0
1 minimum separati%n bet,een e:istin( installati%n an* t/e pipeline
1 '%-%r*inates %+ 'r%ssin(
1 mar&in( %+ e:istin( installati%n
1 '%n+irmati%n %+ p%siti%n an* %rientati%n %+ e:istin( installati%ns %n b%t/ si*es %+ t/e 'r%ssin(
1 lay-%ut an* pr%+ile %+ 'r%ssin(
1 *ept/ %+ '%)er
1 )essel an'/%rin(
1 installati%n %+ supp%rtin( stru'tures %r (ra)el be*s
1 met/%*s t% pre)ent s'%ur an* er%si%n ar%un* supp%rts
1 m%nit%rin( an* inspe'ti%n met/%*s
1 t%leran'e re2uirements
1 '%n*iti%n %+ lan*+all
1 any %t/er re2uirements-
D. ;ns%alla%i!n S(rea"
D )** General
)*) T/ese re2uirements are appli'able +%r )essels per+%rmin( pipeline an* riser installati%n an* supp%rtin(
%perati%ns- Spe'i+i' re2uirements +%r installati%n e2uipment %nb%ar* )essels per+%rmin( installati%n %perati%ns
are (i)en in t/e rele)ant subse'ti%ns-
)*4 T/e %r(anisati%n %+ &ey pers%nnel ,it/ *e+ine* resp%nsibilities an* lines %+ '%mmuni'ati%n s/all be
establis/e* pri%r t% start %+ t/e %perati%ns- Inter+a'es ,it/ %t/er parties s/all be *e+ine*-
)*8 All pers%nnel s/all be 2uali+ie* +%r t/eir assi(ne* ,%r&- Key pers%nnel s/all /a)e su++i'ient )erbal
'%mmuni'ati%n s&ills in t/e '%mm%n lan(ua(e use* *urin( %perati%ns-
)*4 6annin( le)el s/%ul* '%mply ,it/ I6O Res- A-10;< C"<4 - Principles of minimum safe manning- N%n-
pr%pelle* )essels s/all /a)e similar mannin( an* %r(anisati%n as re2uire* +%r pr%pelle* units %+ same type an*
siJe-
)*# Vessels an* e2uipment s/all /a)e a *%'umente* maintenan'e pr%(ramme '%)erin( all systems )ital +%r
t/e sa+ety an* %perati%nal per+%rman'e %+ t/e )essel. relate* t% t/e %perati%n t% be per+%rme*- T/e maintenan'e
pr%(ramme s/all be presente* in a maintenan'e manual %r similar *%'ument-
D 4** Dessels
4*) All )essels s/all /a)e )ali* 'lass ,it/ a re'%(nise* 'lassi+i'ati%n s%'iety- T/e )ali* 'lass s/all '%)er all
systems %+ imp%rtan'e +%r t/e sa+ety %+ t/e %perati%n- Furt/er re2uirements t% )essels s/all be (i)en in a
spe'i+i'ati%n statin( re2uirements +%r0
1 an'/%rs. an'/%r lines an* an'/%r ,in'/es
1 an'/%rin( systems
1 t/rusters in 'ase %+ t/ruster assiste* m%%rin(
1 p%siti%nin( an* sur)ey e2uipment
1 *ynami' p%siti%nin( e2uipment an* re+eren'e system
1 alarm systems. in'lu*in( rem%te alarms ,/en re2uire*
1 (eneral sea,%rt/iness %+ t/e )essel +%r t/e re(i%n
1 'ranes an* li+tin( applian'es
1 pipeline installati%n e2uipment
1 any %t/er re2uirement *ue t% t/e nature %+ t/e %perati%ns-
4*4 Status rep%rts +%r any re'%mmen*ati%ns %r re2uirements (i)en by Nati%nal Aut/%rities an*I%r
'lassi+i'ati%n s%'ieties. an* status %+ all maintenan'e '%mplete* in relati%n t% t/e maintenan'e planne* +%r a
rele)ant peri%*. s/all be a)ailable +%r re)ie,-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $35
4*8 An inspe'ti%n %r sur)ey s/all subGe't t% a(reement be per+%rme* pri%r t% m%bilisati%n %+ t/e )essels t%
'%n+irm t/at t/e )essels an* t/eir prin'ipal e2uipment meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements an* are suitable +%r t/e
inten*e* ,%r&-
4*4 T/e s'ale %+ +ire +i(/tin( an* li+esa)in( applian'es %n b%ar* s/all. as a minimum. be in a''%r*an'e ,it/
t/e s'ales pres'ribe* in SOBAS '%rresp%n*in( t% t/e number %+ pers%nnel %n b%ar* t/e )essel-
D 8** 9!si%i!ning s7s%e$s
8*) T/e installati%n bar(eI)essel s/all /a)e a p%siti%nI/ea*in( &eepin( system able t% maintain a *esire*
p%siti%nI/ea*in( ,it/in t/e a''ura'y an* reliability re2uire* +%r t/e planne* %perati%n an* t/e en)ir%nmental
'%n*iti%ns- Re+eren'e is (i)en t% D;00 an* D=00 +%r m%re *etails-
8*4 T/e %perati%nIinstallati%n s/all be planne* an* e:e'ute* ,it/ use %+ p%siti%nI/ea*in( re+eren'e
systemCs4 %+ suitable type. a''ura'y an* reliability re2uire* +%r t/e %perati%nCs4 an* type %+ )esselCs4 in)%l)e*-
8*8 T/e p%siti%nin(I/ea*in( re+eren'e systems s/all be 'alibrate* an* 'apable %+ %peratin( ,it/in t/e
spe'i+ie* limits %+ a''ura'y pri%r t% start %+ t/e installati%n %perati%ns-
8*4 Installati%n in '%n(este* areas an* ,%r& re2uirin( pre'ise relati)e l%'ati%n may re2uire l%'al systems %+
(reater a''ura'y. su'/ as a'%usti' transp%n*er array systems- 8se %+ ROVNs t% m%nit%r an* assist t/e
%perati%ns is re'%mmen*e* an* s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere*-
8*# T/e p%siti%nin(I/ea*in( re+eren'e system s/all as a minimum pr%)i*e in+%rmati%n relatin( t%0
1 p%siti%n relati)e t% t/e (ri* re+eren'e system use*
1 (e%(rap/i'al p%siti%n
1 /ea*in(
1 %++sets +r%m (i)en p%siti%ns
1 )erti'al re+eren'e *atumCs4-
D 4** Anch!ring s7s%e$s= anch!r (a%%erns an" anch!r han"ling
4*) An'/%rin( systems +%r )essels &ept in p%siti%nI/ea*in( by an'/%rs C,it/ %r ,it/%ut t/ruster assistan'e4
,/ile per+%rmin( marine %perati%ns s/all meet t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements0
1 Instruments +%r rea*in( an'/%r line tensi%n an* len(t/ %+ an'/%r lines s/all be +itte* in t/e %perati%ns
'%ntr%l r%%m %r %n t/e bri*(e. an* als% at t/e ,in'/ stati%n
1 Rem%tely %perate* ,in'/es s/all be m%nit%re* +r%m t/e '%ntr%l r%%m %r bri*(e. by means %+ 'ameras %r
e2ui)alent
1 Instrumentati%n +%r rea*in( t/ruster %utput an* a)ailable ele'tri'al p%,er +%r t/rusters s/all be a)ailable at
bri*(e an*I%r in t/e %perati%n '%ntr%l r%%m-
4*4 An'/%r /an*lin( )essels s/all be e2uippe* ,it/0
1 a sur+a'e p%siti%nin( re+eren'e system %+ su++i'ient a''ura'y- Hi(/ a''ura'y is re2uire* +%r an'/%r *r%ps
in areas ,it/ stri't re2uirements t% '%ntr%l %+ an'/%r p%siti%n. typi'al ,it/in sa+ety J%ne %+ e:istin(
installati%ns. pr%:imity %+ pipelines %r areas %+ ar'/e%l%(i'al %r en)ir%nmental imp%rtan'e
1 '%mputin( an* inter+a'in( +a'ilities +%r inter+a'in( ,it/ lay )essel. tren'/in( )essel %r %t/er an'/%re*
)essels-
1 Batest re)isi%n %+ '/arts +%r t/e ,/%le area %+ %perati%n
4*8 Pr%'e*ures +%r t/e an'/%r /an*lin( s/all be establis/e*. ensurin( t/at0
1 an'/%r l%'ati%ns are in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e an'/%r pattern +%r t/e l%'ati%n
1 re2uirements %+ %perat%rs %+ %t/er installati%ns an* pipelines +%r an'/%r /an*lin( in t/e )i'inity %+ t/e
installati%n are &n%,n. an* '%mmuni'ati%n lines establis/e*
1 p%siti%n pri%r t% an'/%r *r%p is '%n+irme*
1 an'/%r p%siti%ns are m%nit%re* at all times. parti'ularly in t/e )i'inity %+ %t/er installati%ns an* pipelines
1 any %t/er re2uirement *ue t% t/e nature %+ t/e %perati%ns is +ul+ille*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
In %r*er t% ensure '%rre't p%siti%nin( %+ an'/%rs. t/e line len(t/ measurements s/%ul* be reset at t/e p%int %+ t/e
an'/%r s/a'&le bein( at t/e stern r%ller an* a''urate in+%rmati%n %+ line tensi%n s/%ul* be ensure*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 All m%%rin( e2uipment s/all /%l* a )ali* 'erti+i'ate- T/ere s/all be pr%'e*ures in pla'e +%r /an*lin( an*
re(ular inspe'ti%n %+ all m%%rin( e2uipment-
4*# F%r m%%rin( systems usin( synt/eti' +ibre lines. instru'ti%ns +%r /an*lin(. use an* st%ra(e as pr%)i*e*
by manu+a'turer an*I%r state* %n 'erti+i'ate s/all be +%ll%,e*- %nta't ,it/ t/e seabe* s/all be a)%i*e* at any
time unless t/e +ibre r%pes /a)e been 'erti+ie* +%r su'/ '%nta't-
4*5 An'/%r patterns s/all be pre*etermine* +%r ea'/ )essel usin( an'/%rs t% maintain p%siti%n- Di++erent
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $36
'%n+i(urati%ns +%r an'/%r patterns may be re2uire* +%r )ari%us se'ti%ns %+ t/e pipeline. espe'ially in t/e )i'inity
%+ +i:e* installati%ns an* %t/er subsea installati%ns %r %t/er pipelines %r 'ables-
4*& T/e minimum all%,able number %+ an'/%rs t% be use* *urin( pipeline installati%n s/all be establis/e*-
4*2 An'/%r patterns s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e results %+ m%%rin( analyses an* s/all be )eri+ie* t% /a)e t/e
re2uire* 'apa'ity +%r t/e pr%p%se* l%'ati%n. time %+ year an* *urati%n %+ %perati%n- Sa+e *istan'e t% %t/er
installati%n an* n%n-an'/%rin( J%nes s/all be establis/e*. an* t/e p%ssibility t% lea)e t/e site in an emer(en'y
situati%n s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
F%r ,eat/er restri'te* %perati%ns an* m%%rin(. see DNV-OS-H101- F%r n%n-,eat/er restri'te* %perati%ns an*
m%%rin(. see DNV-OS-E#01-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*: T/e m%%rin( system s/all as a minimum be analyse* +%r0
1 An ultimate limit state C8BS4 t% ensure t/at t/e in*i)i*ual lines an* an'/%rs /a)e a*e2uate stren(t/ t%
,it/stan* t/e l%a* e++e'ts imp%se* by e:treme en)ir%nmental a'ti%ns
1 An ultimate limit state C8BS4 t% ensure t/at t/e in*i)i*ual lines /a)e t/e a*e2uate stren(t/ an* t/e )esselI
bar(e is &ept ,it/in a''eptable p%siti%ns +%r t/e en)ir%nmental limitin( '%n*iti%ns +%r t/e %perati%n-
1 An a''i*ental limit state CABS4 t% ensure t/at t/e m%%rin( system /as t/e a*e2uate 'apa'ity t% ,it/stan*
t/e +ailure %+ %ne m%%rin( line. %r in 'ase %+ t/ruster assiste* m%%rin(. +ailure %+ %ne truster %r +ailure in
trustersN '%ntr%l %r p%,er systems-
4)* H%l*in( 'apa'ity %+ an'/%r s/all be *%'umente*. an* p%tential *ra((in( an'/%rs s/all be assesse*- T/e
an'/%r /%l*in( 'apa'ity s/all be base* %n a'tual s%il '%n*iti%n an* type %+ an'/%rs t% be use*- Vari%us an'/%rs
may /a)e )ari%us per+%rman'e in *i++erent s%ils. an* e)aluati%n %+ t/e appr%priate an'/%r type s/all be
per+%rme*- Spe'ial 'auti%n s/%ul* be pai* t% /%l*in( 'apa'ity %n san*-
4)) Ea'/ an'/%r pattern s/all be 'learly s/%,n %n a '/art %+ a*e2uate s'ale- T/e pattern s/%ul* in'lu*e
all%,able t%leran'es- All subsea installati%ns. in+rastru'ture an* %t/er an'/%r restri'te* J%nes s/all be s/%,n
in t/e '/art-
4)4 I+ usin( an'/%r /an*lin( tu( as li)e an'/%r. t/e tu( s/%ul* as a minimum /%l* a DP 'lass a''%r*in( t%
DP e2uipment 'lass "- T/e ,in'/ an* DP system s/%ul* be lin&e* ensurin( ,in'/ tensi%n t% be '%nsi*ere* in
t/e system- Bi)e an'/%r s/%ul* n%t be use* in 'riti'al %perati%ns an* insi*e t/e sa+ety J%ne-
4)8 Stati%n-&eepin( systems base* %n an'/%rin( s/all /a)e a*e2uate re*un*an'y %r ba'&-up systems in %r*er
t% ensure t/e pipeline inte(rity an* t/at %t/er )essels an* installati%ns are n%t en*an(ere* by partial +ailure-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e pipeline inte(rity '/e'& s/%ul*. as a minimum. in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in( 'ases0
- @%rst 'ase +%r m%%rin( +ailure
- 6%%rin( +ailure +%r t/e m%st l%a*e* 'ase +%r pipeline as i*enti+ie* in *ynami' analysis-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4)4 Sa+e *istan'es are t% be spe'i+ie* bet,een an an'/%r. its 'able an* any e:istin( +i:e* %r subsea
installati%ns an* in+rastru'ture. b%t/ +%r n%rmal %perati%ns an* emer(en'y '%n*iti%ns-
G'i"ance n!%eF
6inimum 'learan'es may )ary *epen*in( %n re2uirements %+ %perat%rs %+ %t/er installati%nIpipeline an* nati%nal
re2uirements-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4)# T/e an'/%r p%siti%n. *r%p J%ne an* ,ire 'atenary s/%ul* be establis/e* ta&in( int% a''%unt t/e ,ater
*ept/. ,ire tensi%n an* ,ire len(t/- %n+irmati%n %+ an'/%r p%siti%nin( a+ter installati%n s/all be '%n+irme* at
re(ular inter)als *epen*in( %n re2uire* a''ura'y an* 'riti'ality. an* '%untera'ti)e measures ta&en ,/en +%un*
re2uire*- 6%nit%rin( systems s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
4)5 Durin( an'/%r runnin(. attenti%n s/all be pai* t% t/e an'/%r 'able an* t/e 'atenary %+ t/e 'able. t%
maintain minimum 'learan'e bet,een t/e an'/%r 'able an* any subsea installati%ns an* in+rastru'ture %r
%bsta'les-
4)& All an'/%rs transp%rte* %)er subsea installati%ns an* in+rastru'ture s/all be se'ure* %n *e'& %+ t/e an'/%r
/an*lin( )essel-
D #** D7na$ic (!si%i!ning
#*) Vessels per+%rmin( pipelayin( a'ti)ities usin( *ynami' p%siti%nin( systems +%r stati%n &eepin( an*
l%'ati%n purp%ses s/all be *esi(ne*. e2uippe* an* %perate* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ I6O 6SIir'->;=
C3ui*elines +%r Vessels ,it/ Dynami' P%siti%nin( Systems4 an* t/e '%rresp%n*in( 'lass n%tati%ns +r%m a
re'%(nise* 'lassi+i'ati%n s%'iety-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $4%
#*4 Sele'ti%n %+ re2uire* DP e2uipment 'lass +%r t/e %perati%n s/all '%mply ,it/ nati%nal re2uirements an*
in a**iti%n be base* up%n a ris& assessment %+ t/e a'tual installati%n an* l%'ati%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e +%ll%,in( DP e2uipment 'lass s/%ul* apply0
- 6inimum e2uipment lass " +%r %perati%ns %utsi*e t/e sa+ety J%ne +%r li)e installati%n Csur+a'e %r subsea4
- E2uipment lass # +%r %perati%ns insi*e t/e sa+ety J%ne +%r li)e installati%ns
- E2uipment lass # +%r manne* subsea %perati%ns %r %t/er %perati%ns ,/ere a su**en /%riJ%ntal *ispla'ement %+
t/e )essel may /a)e se)ere '%nse2uen'es +%r pers%nnel-
F%r %perati%ns insi*e t/e sa+ety J%ne. )essels ,it/ l%,er e2uipment 'lasses may be a''epte* subGe't t% a(reement %n
a 'ase by 'ase basis- Elements t% e)aluate ,it/ re(ar* t% a''eptan'e %+ l%,er e2uipment 'lass are0
- t/e )essel *%es n%t e:'ee* t/e )essel siJe %+ ,/i'/ t/e +a'ility is *esi(ne* +%r ,it/ re(ar* t% ,it/stan*in( '%llisi%n-
- t/e '%nse2uen'es %+ sin(le +ailures. in'lu*in( +ire an* +l%%*in(. ,ill n%t in'rease si(ni+i'antly
- a)ailability %+ reliable p%siti%nin( re+eren'e systems
- p%ssibility %+ %peratin( ,it/ %pen ,aters %n lee,ar* si*e
- ris& re*u'in( measures as e:tra DP mannin(. en(ine r%%m mannin( an* +ire ,at'/-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*8 Su++i'ient DP 'apa'ity s/all be *%'umente* by 'apability pl%ts- T/e pl%ts s/all be rele)ant +%r t/e
planne* pr%Ge't base* %n '%rre't )essel lay-%ut. in'lu*in( pr%Ge't spe'i+i' m%*i+i'ati%ns. an* rele)ant pipeline
an* tensi%n- T/e pl%ts s/all '%)er n%rmal %perati%n as ,ell as ,%rst 'ase sin(le +ailure +r%m F6EA-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
T/e 'apa'ity pl%ts s/%ul* be pr%)i*e* +%r t,% s'enari%s +%r t/e same ,eat/er '%n*iti%ns0
1. all system +ully +un'ti%nal
". ,%rst 'ase +ailure m%*e. %r an amal(amati%n %+ t/e ,%rst 'ases
F%r 'apa'ity pl%ts. re+eren'e is ma*e t% I6A 61;0-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
F%r ,%rst sin(le +ailure '%n'ept. see DNV s/ip rules Pt-> /-< E Dynami' P%siti%nin( Systems. an* in I6O 6SI
'ir'- >;=
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*4 F%r 'riti'al %perati%ns m%nit%rin(I*isplayin( %+ a'tual DP 'apa'ity +%r a'tual ,eat/er '%n*iti%ns at site
are re'%mmen*e*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
E2uipment 'lasses " an* # /as a s%+t,are +un'ti%n. n%rmally &n%,n as S'%nse2uen'e analysisT. ,/i'/ '%ntinu%usly
)eri+ies t/at t/e )essel ,ill remain in p%siti%n e)en i+ t/e ,%rst 'ase +ailure %''urs- T/is analysis s/%ul* )eri+y t/at
t/e t/rusters remainin( in %perati%n a+ter t/e ,%rst 'ase +ailure 'an (enerate t/e same resultant t/ruster +%r'e an*
m%ment as re2uire* be+%re t/e +ailure-
T/e '%nse2uen'e analysis s/%ul* pr%)i*e an alarm i+ t/e %''urren'e %+ a ,%rst 'ase +ailure ,%ul* lea* t% a l%ss %+
p%siti%n *ue t% insu++i'ient t/rust +%r t/e pre)ailin( en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns- F%r %perati%ns ,/i'/ ,ill ta&e a l%n(
time t% sa+ely terminate. t/e '%nse2uen'e analysis s/%ul* in'lu*e a +un'ti%n ,/i'/ simulates t/e t/rust an* p%,er
remainin( a+ter t/e ,%rse 'ase +ailure. base* %n manual input %+ ,eat/er tren*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*# Due '%nsi*erati%n s/%ul* be (i)en t% t/e re+eren'e systems limitati%ns re(ar*s reliability. a''essibility
an* 2uality-
#*5 T/e DP %perat%rs s/all be +amiliar ,it/ t/e )essel spe'i+i' F6EA as ,ell as t/e '%ntin(en'y plans +%r
t/e %perati%n in 2uesti%n-
#*& Key elements %+ t/e '%ntin(en'y plannin( measures s/%ul* be l%'ate* in t/e )i'inity %+ t/e DP %perat%r
stati%n. s% t/at situati%n spe'i+i' re2uire* a'ti%ns are imme*iately a)ailable t% t/e DP %perat%r-
#*2 DP %perati%n stati%n an* tensi%ner system %perati%n stati%n s/%ul* be l%'ate* in t/e )i'inity %+ ea'/ %t/er
ensurin( 'l%se '%mmuni'ati%n bet,een t/e %perat%rs an* a)ailabilityIm%nit%rin( %+ )ital in+%rmati%n-
D 5** Cranes an" li+%ing e<'i($en%
5*) ranes an* li+tin( e2uipment s/all meet appli'able statut%ry re2uirements- erti+i'ates +%r t/e
e2uipment. )ali* +%r t/e %perati%ns an* '%n*iti%ns un*er ,/i'/ t/ey ,ill be use*. s/all be a)ailable %n b%ar*
+%r re)ie,-
D &** a7-essel arrange$en%= la7ing e<'i($en% an" ins%r'$en%a%i!n
&*) T/e tensi%nin( system s/all %perate in a +ail-sa+e m%*e an* s/all /a)e a*e2uate pullin( +%r'e. /%l*in(
+%r'e. bra&in( 'apa'ity an* s2ueeJe pressure t% maintain t/e pipe un*er '%ntr%lle* tensi%n- T/e +%r'es applie*
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $4$
s/all be '%ntr%lle* su'/ t/at n% *etrimental *ama(e t% t/e pipeline %r '%atin( ,ill %''ur-
&*4 T/e installati%n )essel tensi%nin( system arran(ement s/all t/ere+%re be su'/ t/at0
1 t/e tensi%nin( system 'apa'ity s/all /a)e su++i'ient re*un*an'y t% all%, +ailure %+ in*i)i*ual '%mp%nents
1 in 'ase %+ +ailure in t/e tensi%nin( system. t/e pipeline installati%n s/all n%t re-start be+%re t/e system /as
been repaire* %r /a)e en%u(/ re*un*an'y t% all%, +%r a**iti%nal +ailures-
&*8 T/e pipe G%ints. stal&s an* pipeline s/all be su++i'iently supp%rte* by r%llers. tra'&s %r (ui*es t/at all%,
t/e pipe t% m%)e a:ially- Supp%rts s/all pre)ent *ama(e t% '%atin(. +iel* G%int '%atin(s. an%*es an* in-line
assemblies. an* r%llers s/all m%)e +reely- T/e )erti'al an* /%riJ%ntal a*Gustment %+ t/e supp%rts s/all ensure a
sm%%t/ transiti%n +r%m t/e )essel %nt% t/e stin(er. ramp %r lay t%,er. t% maintain t/e l%a*in( %n t/e pipeline
,it/in t/e spe'i+ie* limits- T/e supp%rt '%n+i(urati%n s/all be relate* t% a 'lear an* easily i*enti+iable *atum-
&*4 T/e aban*%nment an* re'%)ery system CA9R4 s/%ul* be able t% aban*%n t/e pipeline sa+ely i+ ,ater+ille*-
In 'ase t/e re'%)ery system is in'apable %+ re'%)erin( t/e pipeline. alternati)e met/%*s s/%ul* be a)ailable-
&*# A su++i'ient am%unt %+ instrumentati%n an* measurin( *e)i'es s/all be installe* t% ensure t/at
m%nit%rin( %+ essential e2uipment an* '%ntinu%us *i(ital st%ra(e %+ all rele)ant parameters re2uire* +%r
'%n+i(urati%n '%ntr%l an* '%ntr%l %+ t/e %peratin( limit '%n*iti%ns 'an be per+%rme*-
T/e +%ll%,in( minimum instrumentati%n an* m%nit%rin( is re2uire*0
Tensioning system:
1 a'tual tensi%n. tensi%n settin(s an* )arian'e t% set p%int
1 s2ueeJe pressure-
Stinger+ ramp:
1 pipeline an* A9R ,ire p%siti%n ,it/ respe't t% t/e last r%ller %r (ui*e
1 r%ller rea'ti%n l%a*s %n t/e r%ller intr%*u'in( t/e stin(er 'ur)ature
1 r%ller rea'ti%n l%a*s C)erti'al an* /%riJ%ntal4. as a minimum +%r stin(er tip
1 stin(er an* ramp '%n+i(urati%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Pipeline an* ,ire p%siti%n ,it/ respe't t% t/e last r%ller %r (ui*e may be m%nit%re* usin( un*er,ater 'ameraCs4. s%nar.
ROV %r *i)er-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#ay configuration:
1 lay parameter m%nit%rin( an* re'%r*in( as appli'able t% t/e installati%n met/%* Csee F1114-
Touch down monitoring:
1 appr%priate systems +%r t%u'/ *%,n m%nit%rin( 'apable %+ %peratin( un*er t/e e:pe'te* ,eat/er '%n*iti%ns-
-uc.le detection:
1 appr%priate instrumentati%n an* m%nit%rin( system +%r t/e applie* bu'&le *ete'ti%n met/%*
1 pullin( ,ire tensi%n an* len(t/ re'%r*er in 'ase bu'&le *ete't%r is '/%sen as bu'&le *ete'ti%n met/%*-
6inches:
1 aban*%nment an* re'%)ery system s/all be e2uippe* ,it/ ,ire tensi%n an* len(t/ re'%r*er
1 an'/%r ,in'/es s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in D;00-
;essel:
1 )essel p%siti%n
1 )essel m%)ements su'/ as r%ll. pit'/. s,ay. /ea)e
1 ,ater *ept/
1 )essel *ra+t an* trim
1 ,in* stren(t/ an* *ire'ti%n
1 *ire't %r in*ire't in*i'ati%n %+ sa(ben* 'ur)ature an* strain-
;essels used for installation by towing:
1 measurin( e2uipment t/at '%ntinu%usly *isplays an* re'%r*s t/e t%,in( spee* an* tensi%ns
1 measurin( e2uipment t/at '%ntinu%usly *isplays an* m%nit%rs t/e *ept/ %+ t/e pipestrin( an* its *istan'e
+r%m t/e seabe*
1 measurin( e2uipment t/at '%ntinu%usly *isplay t/e p%siti%n %+ any ballast )al)es- T/e +l%, rates *urin(
any ballastin( an* *e-ballastin( are t% be *isplaye*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $4&
1 Strain (au(es t% m%nit%r t/e stresses in t/e pipestrin( *urin( t%, an* installati%n s/all be '%nsi*ere*
&*5 All measurin( e2uipment s/all be 'alibrate* an* a*e2uate *%'umentati%n %+ 'alibrati%n s/all be
a)ailable %nb%ar* t/e )essel pri%r t% start %+ ,%r& an* *urin( t/e ,/%le %perati%n- All measurin( e2uipment
use* s/all be pr%)i*e* ,it/ an a*e2uate am%unt %+ spares t% ensure uninterrupte* %perati%n-
&*& Dire't rea*in( an* pr%'essin( %+ st%re* re'%r*s +r%m all re2uire* essential instrumentati%n an*
measurin( *e)i'es. s/all be p%ssible at t/e )essels bri*(e-
&*2 %rrelati%n %+ re'%r*e* *ata an* pipe i*enti+i'ati%ns numbers s/all be p%ssible-
&*: T/e +un'ti%n %+ essential measurin( *e)i'es s/all be )eri+ie* at re(ular inter)als-
&)* Ot/er measurin( an* re'%r*in( systems %r e2uipment s/all be re2uire* i+ t/ey are essential +%r t/e
installati%n %perati%n-
D 2** M!6iliCa%i!n
2*) All pers%nnel s/all be +amiliariJe* ,it/ t/e %perati%n t% be per+%rme*- 6%re *etaile* +amiliariJati%n
s/all be per+%rme* +%r pers%nnel spe'i+i' ,%r& tas&s-
2*4 Pers%nnel in)%l)e* in 'riti'al %perati%ns s/%ul* parti'ipate in a ris& assessment +%r t/e spe'i+i'
%perati%n- Pers%nnel in)%l)e* in 'riti'al %perati%ns s/all parti'ipate in a sa+e G%b analysis %r t%%lb%: tal&
ensurin( t/at an un*erstan*in( %+ t/e in)%l)e* ris& relate* t% t/e %perati%n is un*erst%%*-
2*8 E2uipment nee*e* +%r t/e %perati%n s/all be *e+ine* in an* m%bilise* a''%r*in( t% t/e m%bilisati%n
manual-
2*4 Stin(er. ramp %r lay t%,er s/all be a*Guste* t% t/e '%rre't '%n+i(urati%n t% ensure a sm%%t/ transiti%n
+r%m t/e )essel t% t/e %utb%ar* stin(er. ramp %r lay t%,er en*. an* t% maintain t/e l%a*in( %n t/e pipeline
,it/in t/e spe'i+ie* limits- T/e pipeline supp%rt (e%metry s/all be )eri+ie* pri%r t% layin(. an* t/e a''epte*
/ei(/t an* spa'in( %+ supp%rts s/all be permanently mar&e* %r %t/er,ise in*i'ate*- I+ t/e stin(er. ramp %r lay
t%,er 'an be a*Guste* *urin( layin( %perati%ns. it s/all be p%ssible t% *etermine t/e p%siti%n an* '%n+i(urati%n
by re+eren'e t% p%siti%n mar&in(s %r in*i'at%rs-
2*# Trim. tilt an* ballastin( s/all als% be )eri+ie* t% be a''%r*in( t% pr%'e*ures pri%r t% layin(-
2*5 Pr%'e*ures +%r sa+e li+tin( %perati%ns s/all be in pla'e-
2*& All pipes. an%*es. '%nsumables. e2uipment et'- s/all be sea+astene* ,it/in t/e en)ir%nmental limits
e:pe'te* +%r t/e area %+ t/e %perati%n-
D :** E'ali+ica%i!n !+ -essel an" e<'i($en%
:*) Vessel an* e2uipment s/all be 2uali+ie* t% *% installati%n ,%r& ,it/in t/e spe'i+ie* %peratin( limits- Re-
2uali+i'ati%n is re2uire* i+ si(ni+i'ant m%*i+i'ati%n %r alternati%n t% t/e )essel. e2uipment %r s%+t,are /as been
ma*e-
:*4 5uali+i'ati%n s/all be *%ne a''%r*in( t% a 2uali+i'ati%n plan base* %n a systemati' re)ie, %+ t/e spe'i+ie*
%peratin( limits +%r t/e )essel an* all e2uipment-
:*8 5uali+i'ati%n s/all be *%ne base* %n a '%mbinati%n %+ *es&t%p re)ie,. analyses. HAUIDIHAUOP.
F6EA. simulati%n tests an* test layin(-
:*4 %mbine* p%siti%nin( systemItensi%nin( system tests s/all be *%ne by simulatin( pipeline pull.
tensi%nin( system +ailures an* re*un*an'y tests *urin( pull-
D )*** General cali6ra%i!n an" %es%ing
)**) Essential e2uipment s/all be 'alibrate* a(ainst a 'erti+ie* l%a* 'ell- I+ essential '%mp%nents +%r t/e
e2uipment su'/ as l%a* 'ells. ampli+iers %r s%+t,are are repla'e* %r m%*i+ie* t/e e2uipment s/all be teste* an*
re-'alibrate*- In*i'ati%ns %+ e2uipment %ut %+ 'alibrati%n s/%ul* tri((er a re-'alibrati%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Typi'al essential e2uipment 'an be. but are n%t limite* t%. tensi%ners. 'lamps. reel. ,in'/es. 'ranes. li+tin( e2uipment.
'%n)ey%r system. be)ellin( ma'/ines. internal line-up 'lamp. +iel* G%int '%atin( system. p%siti%nin( systems-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)**4 T/e 'erti+ie* l%a* 'ell use* +%r 'alibrati%n s/all /a)e a 'erti+i'ate +r%m a re'%(nise* 'erti+i'ati%n b%*y-
T/e 'erti+i'ate +%r t/e l%a* 'ell use* +%r 'alibrati%n s/%ul* n%t be %l*er t/an > m%nt/s-
G'i"ance n!%eF
A re'%(nise* 'erti+i'ati%n b%*y ,ill /a)e a '%mpetent lab%rat%ry t/at 'an ensure tra'eability an* a*e2uate pr%'e*ures-
Re+eren'e is (i)en t% ISOIIE 1<0"=-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)**8 Testin( an* 'alibrati%n s/all be *%ne a''%r*in( t% t/e test pr%'e*ures- Test pr%'e*ures s/all be subGe't
t% a(reement-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $4'
)**4 T/e test pr%'e*ures s/all pr%)i*e *%'umente* a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r t/e testin( an* 'alibrati%n-
)**# T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be e)aluate* an* set a''%r*in( t% t/e pipeline inte(rity- Any *e)iati%n
+r%m t/e '%rre't )alue s/all be a''%unte* +%r-
)**5 alibrati%n an* testin( s/%ul* be per+%rme* an* planne* su'/ t/at it 'an be ,itnesse* in a(reement
,it/ Operat%r-
)**& E2uipment s/%ul* be teste* an* 'alibrate* t% t/e ma:imum e2uipment 'apa'ity %r alternati)ely up t%
ma:imum e:pe'te* *ynami' %r a''i*ental l%a*s W =0L. ,/i'/e)er is less-
)**2 Durin( testin( an* 'alibrati%n t/e '%mplete l%a* ran(e s/%ul* be '%)ere*- F%r linear tren*s at least +i)e
l%a* steps s/%ul* be applie* up t% ma:imum e:pe'te* *ynami' l%a*s. m%re steps are re2uire* ,/en testin( t%
ma:imum 'apa'ity- N%n-linear tren*s re2uire /i(/er numbers %+ l%a* steps- y'li' l%a*in( s/%ul* be
'%nsi*ere*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
B%ss %+ main p%,er an* l%ss %+ si(nal s/%ul* be teste* by rem%)in( +uses %r 'ables-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
D ))** Cali6ra%i!n an" %es%ing +re<'enc7
))*) T/e 'alibrati%n an* testin( %+ essential e2uipment s/%ul* as a minimum be per+%rme* %n an annual
basis-
))*4 Tensi%nin( system re)ie, test s/all be *%ne as a minimum %n an annual basis- T/is in'lu*es test
'%mbinati%ns %+ tensi%ners. 'lamps an* reel. an* testin( %+ sin(le tensi%ner +ailure ,/en runnin( t,% %r m%re
tensi%ners. test re*un*an'y %+ sin(le tensi%ners. +ail sa+e a'ti%ns. l%ss %+ main p%,er an* l%ss %+ si(nal-
))*8 Aban*%nment an* re'%)ery system test s/all be *%ne as a minimum %n an annual basis C+ail sa+e
a'ti%ns. l%ss %+ main p%,er an* l%ss %+ si(nal4-
))*4 F%r ea'/ spe'i+i' pr%Ge't. testin( an* *%'umentati%n %+ )essels an* e2uipment s/all as a minimum
in'lu*e0
1 In-+iel* *ynami' p%siti%nin( system test
1 Fail sa+e testin( t% ma: e:pe'te* le)el %+ tensi%n +%r t/e pr%Ge't-
1 bu'&le *ete'ti%n system
1 stin(er '%ntr%l an* m%nit%rin( *e)i'es in'lu*in( r%ller l%a* 'ells
1 'alibrati%n re'%r*s %+ 'riti'alIessential e2uipment. in'lu*in( ,el*in( ma'/ines an* aut%mate* NDT
e2uipment
1 maintenan'e re'%r*s +%r 'riti'alIessential e2uipment. in'lu*in( ,el*in( ma'/ines an* aut%mate* NDT
e2uipment
1 maintenan'eI'alibrati%n re'%r*s %+ 'riti'alIessential e2uipment %n supp%rt )essels-
1 Pull test %+ t/e tensi%nin( an* pipe /%l*in( system t% )eri+y su++i'ient s2ueeJe pressure an* +ri'ti%n-
SubGe't t% a(reement. t/e annual testin( an* 'alibrati%n may be su++i'ient +%r t/e pr%Ge't- I+ t/e annual testin(
is per+%rme* ,it/ a *i++erent set up Ce-(- *i++erent 'lamps %r pa*s %r pipe *iameter4. re-testin( s/%ul* be
per+%rme*-
))*# Re-testin( s/%ul* be per+%rme* in 'ase e2uipment is maintaine*- In 'ase re-testin( is n%t per+%rme* t/is
s/all be base* up%n an e)aluati%n ,/i'/ s/all be *%'umente*-
))*5 Re-testin( s/all be per+%rme* in 'ase e2uipment is '/an(e* %r m%*i+ie*-
E. Wel"ing an" N!n-"es%r'c%i-e Tes%ing
E )** General
)*) Re2uirements +%r ,el*in( pr%'esses. ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n. e:e'uti%n %+ ,el*in( an* ,el*in(
pers%nnel are (i)en in Appen*i: -
)*4 Re2uirements +%r me'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n testin( +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures are (i)en in
Appen*i: !-
)*8 Re2uirements +%r met/%*s. e2uipment. pr%'e*ures. a''eptan'e 'riteria an* t/e 2uali+i'ati%n an*
'erti+i'ati%n %+ pers%nnel +%r )isual e:aminati%n an* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( CNDT4 are (i)en in Appen*i: D-
Sele'ti%n %+ n%n-*estru'ti)e met/%*s s/all '%nsi*er t/e re2uirements in App-D A;00-
)*4 Re2uirements t% aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( CA8T4 are (i)en in Appen*i: E-
E 4** Wel"ing
4*) Pipes s/all be be)elle* t% t/e '%rre't '%n+i(urati%n. '/e'&e* t% be ,it/in t%leran'e. an* inspe'te* +%r
*ama(e- Internal line-up 'lamps s/%ul* be use*- A''eptable ali(nment. r%%t (ap an* sta((erin( %+ l%n(itu*inal
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $41
,el*s s/all be '%n+irme* pri%r t% ,el*in(-
4*4 A ,el* repair analysis s/%ul* be per+%rme*- !en*in( an* tensile stresses s/all be '%nsi*ere*- T/e
analysis s/all *etermine t/e ma:imum e:'a)ati%n len(t/ an* *ept/ '%mbinati%ns t/at may be per+%rme*.
ta&in( int% a''%unt all stresses a'tin( at t/e area %+ t/e repair- T/e analysis s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e
,it/ Appen*i: A- T/e analysis s/all '%nsi*er t/e re*u'ti%n %+ yiel* an* tensile stren(t/ in t/e material *ue t%
t/e /eat input +r%m *e+e't e:'a)ati%n. pre/eatin(. an* ,el*in( an* als% *ynami' ampli+i'ati%n *ue t% ,eat/er
'%n*iti%ns an* re*u'e* sti++ness e++e't at +iel* G%ints- Ele)ate* temperature tensile testin( s/%ul* be per+%rme*-
4*8 In 'ase multiple ,el*in( stati%ns %n t/e installati%n )essel. t/e r%%t an* t/e +irst +iller pass s/all. as a
minimum. be '%mplete* at t/e +irst ,el*in( stati%n be+%re m%)in( t/e pipe- 6%)in( t/e pipe at an earlier sta(e
may be permitte* i+ an analysis is per+%rme* s/%,in( t/at t/is 'an be per+%rme* ,it/%ut any ris& %+ intr%*u'in(
*e+e'ts in t/e *ep%site* ,el* material- T/is analysis s/all '%nsi*er t/e ma:imum misali(nment all%,e*. t/e
/ei(/t %+ t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal. t/e p%ssible presen'e %+ +la,s. supp%rt '%n*iti%ns +%r t/e pipe an* any
*ynami' e++e'ts-
4*4 F%r pr%*u'ti%n testin(. see App-. 3=">-=#"-
E 8** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing
8*) T/e e:tent %+ NDT +%r installati%n (irt/ ,el*s s/all be 100L ultras%ni' %r ra*i%(rap/i' testin(-
Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( s/all be supplemente* ,it/ ultras%ni' testin( in %r*er t% en/an'e t/e pr%bability %+
*ete'ti%n an*I%r '/ara'terisati%nIsiJin( %+ *e+e'ts-
8*4 F%r ,all t/i'&ness _ "= mm. aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( s/%ul* be use*-
8*8 8ltras%ni' testin( C8T4 %r aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( CA8T4 s/all be use* in t/e +%ll%,in( 'ases0
1 ,/ene)er siJin( %+ +la, /ei(/t an*I%r *eterminati%n %+ t/e +la, *ept/ is re2uire* Cre+- Se'-= DH0"4-
1 100L laminati%n '/e'&s %+ a =0 mm ,i*e ban* at en*s %+ 'ut pipe-
8*4 @/en ra*i%(rap/i' testin( is t/e primary NDT met/%* 8T %r A8T s/all be use* in t/e +%ll%,in( 'ases0
1 F%r t/e +irst 10 ,el*s +%r ,el*in( pr%'esses ,it/ /i(/ p%tential +%r n%n-+usi%n type *e+e'ts. ,/en startin(
installati%n %r ,/en resumin( pr%*u'ti%n a+ter suspensi%n %+ ,el*in(
1 t% supplement ra*i%(rap/i' testin( +%r un+a)%urable (r%%)e '%n+i(urati%ns
1 +%r ,all t/i'&ness ab%)e "= mm0
1 t% pr%)i*e a**iti%nal ran*%m l%'al sp%t '/e'&s *urin( installati%n
1 t% supplement ra*i%(rap/i' testin( t% ai* in '/ara'terisin( an* siJin( %+ ambi(u%us in*i'ati%ns-
8*# I+ ultras%ni' testin( re)eals *e+e'ts n%t *is'%)ere* by ra*i%(rap/y. t/e e:tent %+ ultras%ni' testin( s/all
be 100L +%r t/e ne:t 10 ,el*s- I+ t/e results %+ t/is e:ten*e* testin( are unsatis+a't%ry. t/e ,el*in( s/all be
suspen*e* until t/e 'auses %+ t/e *e+e'ts /a)e been establis/e* an* re'ti+ie*-
8*5 F%r S3%l*en @el*sT C'riti'al ,el*s e-(- tie-in ,el*s t/at ,ill n%t be subGe't t% pressure testin(. et'-4
100L ultras%ni' testin(. 100L ra*i%(rap/i' testin(. an* 100L ma(neti' parti'le testin( %r 100L li2ui*
penetrant testin( %+ n%n- +err%ma(neti' materials s/all be per+%rme*- I+ t/e ultras%ni' testin( is per+%rme* as
aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin(. see Appen*i: E. t/e ra*i%(rap/i' testin( may be %mitte* subGe't t% a(reement-
8*& 6a(neti' parti'le testin( %r li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ n%n-+err%ma(neti' materials s/all be per+%rme*
t% )eri+y '%mplete rem%)al %+ *e+e'ts be+%re '%mmen'in( ,el* repairs. an* +%r 100L laminati%n '/e'&s at re-
be)elle* en*s %+ 'ut pipe-
8*2 Visual E:aminati%n s/all in'lu*e0
1 100L e:aminati%n %+ '%mplete* ,el*s +%r sur+a'e +la,s. s/ape an* *imensi%ns
1 100L e:aminati%n %+ t/e )isible pipe sur+a'e. pri%r t% +iel* G%int '%atin(-
F. 9i(eline ;ns%alla%i!n
F )** General
)*) T/e re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n are (enerally appli'able t% pipeline installati%n. re(ar*less %+
installati%n met/%*- A**iti%nal re2uirements pertainin( t% spe'i+i' installati%n met/%*s are (i)en in t/e
+%ll%,in( subse'ti%ns-
)*4 T/is se'ti%n a**resses t/e main installati%n met/%*s- Ot/er installati%n met/%*s may be suitable in
spe'ial 'ases- A t/%r%u(/ stu*y s/all be per+%rme* t% establis/ t/e +easibility %+ t/e installati%n met/%* an* t/e
l%a*s imp%se* *urin( installati%n- Su'/ met/%*s are subGe't t% a(reement in ea'/ 'ase-
)*8 Inter+a'es s/all be establis/e* ,it/ %t/er parties t/at may be a++e'te* by t/e %perati%ns %r may a++e't t/e
%perati%n- T/e resp%nsibilities %+ all parties an* lines %+ '%mmuni'ati%n s/all be establis/e*-
)*4 Han*lin( an* st%ra(e %+ pipes an* materials %n supply an* layin( )essels s/all ensure t/at *ama(e t%
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $42
pers%nnel. pipe. '%atin(s. assemblies an* a''ess%ries are a)%i*e*- Slin(s an* %t/er e2uipment use* s/all be
*esi(ne* t% pre)ent *ama(e %+ pr%*u't- St%ra(e %+ pipes. in-line assemblies an* %t/er a''ess%ries s/all be
sea+asten*e* t% ,it/stan* *esi(n l%a*s- All material s/ippe* +%r installati%n s/all be re'%r*e*-
)*# All material s/all be inspe'te* +%r *ama(e. 2uantity an* i*enti+i'ati%n up%n arri)al- Dama(e* items s/all
be 2uarantine*. repaire* %r 'learly mar&e* an* returne* %ns/%re-
)*5 Pipes an* in-line assemblies s/all be inspe'te* +%r l%%se material. *ebris an* %t/er '%ntaminati%n an*
'leane* internally be+%re bein( a**e* t% t/e line- T/e 'leanin( met/%* s/all n%t 'ause *ama(e t% any internal
'%atin(-
)*& A pipe tra'&in( system s/all be use* t% maintain re'%r*s %+ ,el* numbers. pipe numbers. NDT. pipe
len(t/s. 'umulati)e len(t/. an%*e installati%n. +iel* G%ints. in-line assemblies an* repair numbers- T/e system
s/all be 'apable %+ *ete'tin( *upli'ate re'%r*s-
)*2 T/e in*i)i*ual pipes %+ t/e pipeline s/all be permanent mar&e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e establis/e* pipe
tra'&in( system- T/e mar&in( s/all be suitable +%r rea*in( by ROV- 6eans %+ m%nit%rin( p%ssible pipeline
r%tati%n may be applie*- I+ *ama(e* pipes are repla'e*. any se2uential mar&in( s/all be maintaine*-
)*: In-line assemblies s/all be /an*le* an* st%re* t% a)%i* *ama(e pri%r t% G%inin( t% t/e line. an* s/all
+urt/er be /an*le* su'/ t/at *ama(e is a)%i*e* t/r%u(/ tensi%nin( system. pipe supp%rtsIr%llers %r ramp.
,/i'/e)er is rele)ant- Any pipeline r%tati%n s/all be '%ntr%lle*-
))* Any applie* +iel* G%int '%atin( s/all meet t/e re2uirements in Se'-H-
))) T/e lay '%n+i(urati%n an* l%a*s s/all be '%ntr%lle* in %r*er t% ensure t/at t/ese are ,it/in establis/e*
*esi(n parameters *urin( installati%n- T/e '%n+i(urati%n an* l%a*s may be '%ntr%lle* by )ari%us means. an*
t/ese s/all be 'learly *es'ribe* in'lu*in( all%,able ran(es +%r t/e spe'i+i' installati%n- Re*un*an'y is re2uire*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e lay '%n+i(urati%n may typi'ally be '%ntr%lle* by tensi%n. stin(er tip 'learan'e an* lay ba'& *istan'eIt%u'/ *%,n
m%nit%rin(- Depen*in( %n t/e installati%n )essel an* pipeline. t/e pre+erre* met/%*s may alter-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
))4 Pipeline lay *%,n p%int s/%ul* be m%nit%re* '%ntinu%usly +%r %perati%ns t/at are 'riti'al %r represent a
ris& +%r e:istin( in+rastru'ture-
))8 Pipelay in '%n(este* areas. in t/e )i'inity %+ e:istin( installati%ns an* at pipeline an* 'able 'r%ssin(s.
s/all be 'arrie* %ut usin( p%siti%nin( systems ,it/ re2uire* a''ura'y- 6easures s/all be ta&en t% a)%i* *ama(e
t% e:istin( in+rastru'ture- ROV s/%ul* be use* t% '%ntinu%usly m%nit%r su'/ %perati%ns- ROVs s/all be 'apable
%+ %peratin( un*er t/e seastates e:pe'te* +%r t/e %perati%n in 2uesti%n-
))4 T/e pipeline s/all be installe* ,it/in t/e lay '%rri*%r- De)iati%ns t% t/e lay '%rri*%r s/all be '/e'&e*
an* )eri+ie* %r '%rre'te* be+%re pipelayin( '%ntinues-
))# In 'ase a bu'&le *ete't%r is use*. t/e bu'&le *ete't%r l%a* '/art s/all be m%nit%re*- T/e bu'&le *ete't%r
s/all be retrie)e* an* inspe'te* i+ t/ere is reas%n t% belie)e t/at bu'&lin( 'an /a)e %''urre*- I+ t/e inspe'ti%n
s/%,s in*i'ati%ns %+ bu'&lin( %r ,ater in(ress. t/e situati%n s/all be in)esti(ate* an* reme*ial a'ti%n per+%rme*-
))5 T/e p%siti%n %+ pipeline in'lu*in( start up an* lay-*%,n s/all be )eri+ie* as ,it/in t/eir respe'ti)e tar(et
areas pri%r t% *eparture %+ t/e lay )essel +r%m site-
))& Pri%r t% aban*%nment %+ t/e pipeline. all internal e2uipment e:'ept t/e bu'&le *ete't%r s/%ul* be
rem%)e*- All ,el*s. in'lu*in( t/e aban*%nment an* re'%)ery /ea* ,el*s. s/all be +ille* t% a le)el t/at t/e pipe
'an be sa+ely aban*%ne* %n an* retrie)e* +r%m t/e seabe*. an* s/all be 'learly *e+ine* in a*)an'e-
))2 Durin( aban*%nment. ,in'/ tensi%n an* 'able len(t/s s/all be m%nit%re* an* t/e )alues s/all be ,it/in
t/e spe'i+ie* ran(e *urin( t/e %perati%n- T/e '%nne'ti%n at t/e en* %+ t/e ,ire s/all be easily re'%)erable
in*epen*ently %+ ,a)es an* 'urrent '%n*iti%ns-
)): A+ter aban*%nment an* pri%r t% re'%)ery t/e pipeline s/all be sur)eye* %)er a len(t/ a,ay +r%m t/e
aban*%nment an* re'%)ery /ea*. su++i'ient t% ensure t/at n% *ama(e /as %''urre*-
)4* Di)in( an* un*er,ater %perati%ns s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a(ree* pr%'e*ures '%)erin(
appli'able re2uirements-
)4) In t/e e)ent %+ bu'&lin( a sur)ey %+ t/e pipeline s/all be per+%rme* be+%re repair t% establis/ t/e e:tent
%+ *ama(e an* +easibility %+ t/e repair pr%'e*ure- A+ter '%mpleti%n %+ t/e repair. a sur)ey s/all be per+%rme*
%+ t/e pipeline %)er a len(t/ su++i'ient t% ensure t/at n% +urt/er *ama(e /as %''urre*-
)44 I+ l%ss %r maG%r *ama(e t% ,ei(/t an* '%rr%si%n '%atin( %r an%*es an* t/eir 'ablesI'%nne't%rs are
%bser)e*. repair s/all be per+%rme* an* inspe'te* a''%r*in( t% establis/e* pr%'e*ures-
)48 F%r temp%rary st%ra(e an* transp%rtati%n %+ linepipe. see Se'-F F;00-
)44 Initiati%n %+ pipeline installati%n s/all be per+%rme* usin( a*e2uate start-up piles %r an'/%rs t% ensure
sa+e %perati%ns-
)4# Bay *%,n %+ t/e pipeline s/%ul* be per+%rme* su'/ t/at t/e pipeline is insi*e t/e lay '%rri*%r an* ,it/
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $43
t/e *esire* appr%a'/ an(le-
F 4** A""i%i!nal re<'ire$en%s +!r ins%alla%i!n $e%h!" S-a7
4*) T/e stin(er an* r%llers s/all be p%siti%ne* t% a)%i* e:'ee*in( any limit state +%r t/e pipeline. an* t% a)%i*
*ama(e t% an%*es %r %t/er atta'/ments-
F 8** A""i%i!nal re<'ire$en%s +!r ins%alla%i!n $e%h!" >-a7
8*) T/e '%nse2uen'es in 'ase l%sin( internal ,el*in( 'lamp insi*e pipeline s/all be establis/e* an* a(ree*-
F 4** A""i%i!nal re<'ire$en%s +!r ins%alla%i!n $e%h!"s in%r!"'cing signi+ican% (las%ic s%rains
4*) A**iti%nal re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n are appli'able t% pipeline installati%n by met/%*s ,/i'/ (i)e
t%tal sin(le e)ent n%minal strain _ 1-0L %r a''umulate* n%minal plasti' strain _ "-0L-
4*4 Pipelines use* +%r su'/ installati%n met/%*s s/all meet t/e supplementary re2uirement. pipe +%r plasti'
*e+%rmati%n CP4. see Se'-< I#00-
4*8 A*e2uate supp%rt %+ t/e pipestrin( s/all be pr%)i*e* ,/en l%a*in( t/e reel- Su++i'ient tensi%n s/all be
applie* *urin( reelin( in %r*er t% ensure t/at t/e su''essi)e layers %n t/e reel are su++i'iently ti(/tly pa'&e* t%
pre)ent slippa(e bet,een t/e layers. an* t% '%ntr%l t/e 'ur)ature- Tensi%n s/all be m%nit%re*- A*e2uate
measures s/all be ta&en t% pr%te't t/e '%atin( *urin( reelin(- Vessel m%ti%n s/all be '%ntr%lle* an* ,it/in
a''eptable limits *urin( %ns/%re tie-in ,el* bet,een stal&s-
4*4 T/e 'ur)ature %+ t/e pipe. pea&in( an* sa((in(. bet,een t/e p%int %+ *eparture +r%m t/e reel an* entry
int% t/e strai(/teners s/all n%t e:'ee* t/e ma:imum )alues assume* in *esi(n an* in'lu*e* in t/e +ra'ture
assessment %+ t/e (irt/ ,el*s as per Appen*i: A an* )ali*ate* in t/e material testin( %+ t/e (irt/ ,el*e* pipes-
4*# An%*es s/%ul* be installe* a+ter t/e pipe /as passe* t/r%u(/ t/e strai(/tener an* tensi%ner- T/e ele'tri'al
'%nne'ti%n bet,een an%*es an* pipe s/all meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements an* s/all be )eri+ie* at re(ular
inter)als. see Se'-H-
F #** T!1ing
#*) T%,s may be per+%rme* as0
1 sur+a'e %r near-sur+a'e t%,s. ,it/ t/e pipestrin( supp%rte* by sur+a'e bu%ys
1 mi*-*ept/ t%,s. ,/ere t/e pipestrin( is t%,e* ,ell 'lear a,ay +r%m t/e seabe*
1 b%tt%m t%,s. ,/ere t/e pipestrin( is t%,e* in '%nta't ,it/. %r 'l%se t%. t/e seabe*-
#*4 F%r sur+a'e t%,s. all aspe'ts pertainin( t% t/e t%, are subGe't t% a(reement in ea'/ 'ase-
#*8 F%r b%tt%m %r near b%tt%m t%,s. t/e pipeline r%ute s/all be sur)eye* pri%r t% t/e t%, an* t/e r%ute s/all
a)%i* r%u(/ seabe*. b%ul*ers. r%'& %ut'r%ps an* %t/er %bsta'les t/at may 'ause *ama(e t% t/e pipeline. '%atin(
%r an%*es *urin( t/e t%, an* installati%n- Durin( b%tt%m an* near b%tt%m t%,s. a*e2uate m%nit%rin( ,it/
ROVs an* %+ t/e pipeline p%siti%n at 'riti'al p/ases is re2uire*- Satis+a't%ry abrasi%n resistan'e %+ t/e pipeline
'%atin( s/all be *em%nstrate*- All aspe'ts pertainin( t% b%tt%m t%,s are subGe't t% a(reement in ea'/ 'ase-
#*4 Baun'/in( %+ pipestrin(s s/all be per+%rme* su'/ t/at t/e pipestrin( is sa+e +r%m *ama(e an* *ama(e t%
t/e '%atin( an* an%*es are a)%i*e*- I+ pipestrin(s are m%%re* ins/%re a,aitin( t/e t%,. a*e2uate pre'auti%ns
s/all be ta&en t% a)%i* marine (r%,t/ in+luen'in( pipestrin( bu%yan'y. ,ei(/t an* *ra(-
#*# N%ti+i'ati%n %+ t/e t%, s/all be (i)en t% t/e rele)ant aut/%rities. %perat%rs %+ subsea installati%ns 'r%sse*
by t/e t%,in( r%ute an* users %+ t/e sea-
#*5 Durin( t/e t%, a stan*by )essel s/all be present t% pre)ent inter+eren'e ,it/ t/e t%, by t/ir* party
)essels-
#*& Tensi%n in t/e t%,in( line an* t/e t%,in( *ept/ s/all be &ept ,it/in t/e spe'i+ie* limits *urin( t/e t%,-
I+ re2uire*. ballastin( %r *e-ballastin( s/all be per+%rme* t% a*Gust t/e t%,in( *ept/ t% t/e spe'i+ie* )alues-
#*2 Installati%n s/all be per+%rme* by 'are+ul ballastin( an* *e-ballastin(- are s/all be e:er'ise* t% pre)ent
%)er-stressin( %+ t/e pipestrin(- T/e use %+ *ra( '/ains *urin( t/e installati%n is re'%mmen*e*- T/e installati%n
%perati%n s/all be m%nit%re* by ROV-
F 5** >-%'6e ('ll-in !+ risers
5*) Pri%r t% pull-in %+ risers int% 7-tubes. t/e p%siti%n %+ t/e 7-tube. 'lamps an* supp%rts an* riser s/all be
'%n+irme* an* e)aluate* ,it/ respe't t% assumpti%ns ma*e in t/e *esi(n- P%tential *ama(e s/all be i*enti+ie*
an* '%untera'ti)e measures ta&en i+ re2uire*-
5*4 Diameter. r%un*ness an* 'leanness %+ t/e 7-tubes s/all be inspe'te* by (au(in( pi(s. pullin( a test pipe
%r similar t% pre)ent t/e pullin( /ea* an* riser +r%m Gammin( an* t% ensure t/at t/e 7-tube is 'lear %+ *ebris an*
%bstru'ti%ns-
5*8 Entry %+ t/e pipeline int% t/e bellm%ut/ s/all be '%ntinu%usly m%nit%re*. an* t/e tensi%n in t/e pull-in
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $44
'able s/all be ,it/in spe'i+ie* limits-
5*4 8p%n '%mpleti%n %+ t/e 7-tube pull-in. a sur)ey s/all be per+%rme* t% '%n+irm t/e p%siti%n %+ t/e riser
in'lu*in( supp%rts et'- P%tential *ama(e s/all be i*enti+ie* an* '%untera'ti)e measures ta&en i+ re2uire*-
F &** Sh!re ('ll
&*) T/e re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n are appli'able t% t/e e:e'uti%n. inspe'ti%n an* testin( %+ s/%re pull
,/en pipestrin(s are pulle* eit/er +r%m a )essel %nt% t/e s/%re. %r )i'e )ersa-
&*4 Detaile* re2uirements +%r t/e e:e'uti%n. inspe'ti%n an* testin( %+ s/%re pull s/all be spe'i+ie*.
'%nsi*erin( t/e nature %+ t/e parti'ular installati%n site-
&*8 ables. pullin( /ea*s an* %t/er e2uipment s/all be *imensi%ne* +%r t/e +%r'es t% be applie*. in'lu*in(
any %)erl%a*in(. +ri'ti%n an* *ynami' e++e'ts t/at may %''ur-
&*4 6easurin( *e)i'es s/all be use* t% '%ntr%l t/e inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline *urin( e:e'uti%n %+ t/e s/%re pull-
%ntinu%us m%nit%rin( %+ t/e 'able tensi%n an* pullin( +%r'e s/all be applie*. an* t/ese s/all be ,it/in
all%,able limits-6%nit%rin( ,it/ ROVs may be nee*e*-
&*# T/e ,in'/es s/all be e2uippe* ,it/ ,ire tensi%n an* len(t/ in*i'at%rs an* re'%r*ers- All measurin(
e2uipment s/all be 'alibrate*. an* an a*e2uate am%unt %+ spares t% ensure uninterrupte* %perati%n s/all be
pr%)i*e*-
&*5 It s/all be *%'umente* t/at ROVs are able t% %perate un*er t/e seastate e:pe'te* +%r t/e %perati%n in
2uesti%n- T/e ROVs s/all. i+ use*. be e2uippe* as +%un* ne'essary t% per+%rm t/e ,%r& in a sa+ely manner an*
'%ntr%lle* manner-
&*& 6easurin( *e)i'es s/all be use* t% '%ntr%l t/e inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline *urin( e:e'uti%n %+ t/e s/%re pull-
%ntinu%us m%nit%rin( %+ t/e 'able tensi%n an* pullin( +%r'e s/all be applie*-
&*2 Satis+a't%ry abrasi%n resistan'e %+ t/e pipeline '%atin( s/all be *em%nstrate* +%r t/e installati%n
'%n*iti%ns-
&*: Installati%n %+ t/e pullin( /ea* s/all be ma*e in a manner t/at *%es n%t '%mpr%mise t/e inte(rity %+ t/e
pipeline an* pr%)i*es a se'ure '%nne'ti%n-
&)* !u%yan'y ai*s may be use* as a mean t% &eep pullin( tensi%n ,it/in all%,able limits-
&)) Durin( t/e %perati%n. '%ntinu%us m%nit%rin( %+ 'able tensi%n an* pullin( +%r'e s/all be per+%rme*-
6%nit%rin( ,it/ ROVs may be nee*e*-
F 2** 3'c0le "e%ec%i!n
2*) T/e '%nse2uen'es %+ bu'&les s/all be e)aluate* as part %+ t/e HAUIDIHAUOP Csee Se'-= A#00 an*
Se'-10 A#004. an* in a(reement bet,een Operat%r an* %ntra't%r-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e assessment %+ t/e '%nse2uen'es ,ill typi'ally in'lu*e re'%)ery Ce-(- in 'ase ,et bu'&le4. a)ailability %+ repair
met/%*s an* time +rames +%r repair- T/e '%nse2uen'es %+ a bu'&le n%t *ete'te* *urin( installati%n ,ill n%rmally
re2uire inline repair met/%*s ,/i'/ 'an /a)e lar(e s'/e*ule an* '%st impa't- Dete'ti%n %+ bu'&les *urin( installati%n
,ill /a)e less s'/e*ule an* '%st impa't-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
2*4 6iti(ati%n measures +%r '%nse2uen'es %+ bu'&les s/all be base* up%n t/e %ut'%me %+ t/e HAUIDI
HAUOP- !u'&le *ete'ti%n in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Table 10-1 bel%, s/%ul* be use*-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
!u'&le *ete'ti%n may be ensure* by a bu'&le *ete't%r %r e2uipment pr%)i*in( similar *e(ree %+ *ete'ti%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Ta6le )*-) 3'c0le "e%ec%i!n
Safety class -uc.le detection re*uirement )dditional re*uirements and conse*uence of buc.le
B%, !u'&le *ete'ti%n '%ntinu%usly
*urin( layin(
6e*ium !u'&le *ete'ti%n n%t re2uire* Impr%)e* '%ntr%l %+ parameters '%ntr%llin( t/e lay '%n+i(urati%n
re2uire* Ce-(- lay tensi%n. t%u'/ *%,n p%int m%nit%rin( et'-4 an*
'%nse2uen'e %+ p%ssible bu'&le is +%un* a''eptable-
Hi(/ !u'&le *ete'ti%n n%t re2uire* Impr%)e* '%ntr%l %+ parameters '%ntr%llin( t/e lay '%n+i(urati%n
re2uire* Ce-(- lay tensi%n. t%u'/ *%,n p%int m%nit%rin( et'-4 an*
'%nse2uen'e %+ p%ssible bu'&le is +%un* una''eptable-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $45
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
T/e bu'&le *ete't%r C%r e2uipment pr%)i*in( same *e(ree %+ *ete't ability4 s/all be p%siti%ne* in su'/ a ,ay t/at
'riti'al areas are m%nit%re* Cn%rmally a *istan'e a+ter t/e t%u'/ *%,n p%int4- I+ a bu'&le *ete't%r is use* t/e *iameter
%+ t/e *is' s/all be '/%sen ,it/ re(ar* t% t/e pipeline *iameter an* t%leran'es %n %)ality. ,all t/i'&ness. misali(nment
an* internal ,el* bea*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
2*8 In 'ase t/e parameters '%ntr%llin( t/e lay '%n+i(urati%n in*i'ates t/at una''eptable '%n+i(urati%n is
e:perien'e* %r %t/er in*i'ati%ns %+ bu'&le e)ents. an inspe'ti%n s/all be per+%rme*- T/e inspe'ti%n s/all be
'arrie* %ut su'/ t/at it 'an be '%n+irme* t/at bu'&lin( /as n%t %''urre*-
F :** O(era%ing li$i% c!n"i%i!ns
:*) T/e installati%n %perati%n s/all be 'lassi+ie* as ,eat/er restri'te* %perati%n %r unrestri'te* %perati%n. see
Se'-; >00- An unrestri'te* %perati%n is a temp%rary '%n*iti%n %r permanent '%n*iti%n-
:*4 F%r ,eat/er restri'te* %perati%ns. %peratin( limit '%n*iti%ns s/all be establis/e* an* a(ree*-
:*8 T/e %peratin( limit '%n*iti%ns s/all be base* %n *etaile* l%a* e++e't analyses. )essel stati%n &eepin(
'apability. F6EA analysis %r HAUOP stu*y *ata. an* s/all re+er t% %bGe'ti)e. 'riti'al )alues in*i'ate* by
measurin( *e)i'es- T/e %peratin( limit '%n*iti%ns s/all be re+erre* t% in t/e pr%'e*ure +%r '%n+i(urati%n
'%ntr%l- %ntinu%us m%nit%rin( an* re'%r*in( %+ t/e measurin( *e)i'es re2uire* +%r '%ntr%l %+ t/e %peratin(
limit '%n*iti%ns s/all be per+%rme* *urin( all p/ases %+ installati%n a'ti)ities-
:*4 I+ a systemati' *e)iati%n bet,een t/e m%nit%re* resp%nse an* pre*i'te* resp%nse +r%m a seastate is +%un*
t/is s/%ul* be a''%unte* +%r-
:*# Start %+ ,eat/er restri'te* %perati%ns is '%n*iti%nal t% an a''eptable ,eat/er +%re'ast- 8n'ertainty in t/e
,eat/er +%re'ast s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
:*5 F%r ,eat/er restri'te* %perati%ns. plannin( %+ %perati%n s/all be base* %n an %perati%nal re+eren'e
peri%*- Furt/er. t/e %perati%nal 'riteria s/all a''%unt +%r un'ertainties in b%t/ ,eat/er +%re'asts an* m%nit%rin(
%+ en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns- Re(ular ,eat/er +%re'asts +r%m a re'%(nise* mete%r%l%(i'al 'entre s/all be
a)ailable %nb%ar* t/e lay )essel. an* s/all be supplemente* by /ist%ri'al en)ir%nmental *ata- Re+eren'e is
ma*e t% DNV-OS-H101-
:*& I+ t/e 'riti'al )alues are ab%ut t% be e:'ee*e*. preparati%ns +%r lay-*%,n s/all '%mmen'e- I+ t/e 'riti'al
'%n*iti%n is ,eat/er *epen*ent %nly. an* i+ ,eat/er +%re'asts in*i'ate t/at t/e ,eat/er '%n*iti%n ,ill subsi*e.
t/e lay-*%,n may be p%stp%ne* subGe't t% a(reement-
:*2 De'isi%n t% re'%)er t/e pipeline s/all be base* %n '%mparis%n %+ t/e a'tual seastate ,it/ t/e limitin(
seastate. t%(et/er ,it/ ,eat/er +%re'asts-
F )*** S(!!ls an" !%her in-line asse$6lies ins%alle" se(ara%el7 +r!$ (i(eline
)**) In-line assemblies t% be installe* separately +r%m t/e pipeline s/all be su++i'iently sea+astene* t% ensure
n% *ama(e is %''urrin( *urin( transp%rtati%n-
)**4 F%r %peratin( limit '%n*iti%ns +%r su'/ installati%ns. see FH00-
)**8 Bi+tin( %perati%ns ab%)e e:istin( in+rastru'ture %n t/e seabe* s/%ul* be a)%i*e*- Sa+e li+tin( an*
installati%n J%nes s/all be *e+ine*-
)**4 In-line assemblies t% be installe* separately +r%m pipeline s/all be installe* insi*e t/e pre-*e+ine* tar(et
areas an* als% ,it/in t/e pre-*e+ine* /ea*in( limitati%ns. in all planes-
)**# Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r m%*elin( an* analysis %+ %++s/%re li+tin( %perati%ns are (i)en in DNV-RP-
H10#-
G. 9!s%-la7 S'r-e7
G )** General
)*) An as-lai* sur)ey '%)erin( t/e '%mplete submarine pipeline system s/all be per+%rme*- T/is 'an be *%ne
eit/er by '%ntinu%us t%u'/ *%,n p%int m%nit%rin( *urin( pipe layin( %r by a separate sur)ey- In 'ase
'%ntinu%us t%u'/-*%,n m%nit%rin( is use*. pipeline p%siti%nin( s/all be '%n+irme* a+ter '%mpleti%n %+ pipeline
installati%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
%ntinu%us t%u'/ *%,n m%nit%rin( may n%t i*enti+y p%ssible /%riJ%ntal 'ur)e pull-%ut. an* t/ere+%re p%siti%nin( %+
pipeline /a)e t% '%n+irme* a+ter '%mpleti%n %+ installati%n a'ti)ities-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $46
)*4 An as-built sur)ey '%)erin( t/e '%mplete submarine pipeline system s/all be per+%rme*- T/e as-built
sur)ey s/all be per+%rme* a+ter all ,%r& %n t/e submarine pipeline system. in'lu*in( 'r%ssin(s. tren'/in(.
(ra)el *umpin(. arti+i'ial ba'&+ill. subsea assemblies. riser installati%n. +inal testin( et'-. are '%mplete*- T/e
as-built sur)ey %+ t/e installe* an* '%mplete* pipeline system is per+%rme* t% )eri+y t/at t/e '%mplete*
installati%n ,%r& meets t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements. an* t% *%'ument any *e)iati%ns +r%m t/e %ri(inal *esi(n-
T/e as-built sur)ey s/all in'lu*e t/e '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n system ,/ere p%tential *ama(e t% t/e '%atin( an*
sa'ri+i'ial an%*es s/all be *%'umente*-
)*8 Re2uirements t% sur)ey )essel. sur)ey e2uipment. t/e e:tent %+ sur)ey. t%leran'es +%r t/e as-lai*
pipeline. an* t/e ma:imum a''eptable len(t/ an* (ap /ei(/t %+ +ree spans at )ari%us l%'ati%ns s/all be *e+ine*-
G 4** S'r-e7 re<'ire$en%s
4*) T/e as-lai* sur)ey s/%ul* in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 p%siti%n an* *ept/ %+ t/e pipeline. in'lu*in( l%'ati%n %+ in-line assemblies. an'/%rin( an* pr%te'ti)e
stru'tures. tie-ins. supp%rts et'-
1 i*enti+i'ati%n an* 2uanti+i'ati%n %+ any +ree spans ,it/ len(t/ an* (ap /ei(/t
1 *eterminati%n %+ p%siti%n %+ start-up an* lay *%,n /ea*s
1 *eterminati%n %+ t/e presen'e %+ *ebris
1 )i*e% *%'umentati%n %+ t/e submarine pipeline system-
G'i"ance n!%eF
@/ere )i*e% '%)era(e 'ann%t be %btaine* *ue t% en)ir%nmental reas%ns. alternate met/%*%l%(ies s/%ul* be utilise*
t% ensure 100L '%)era(e-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e as-built sur)ey s/%ul* in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in( in a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements +%r as-lai* sur)ey0
1 %ut %+ strai(/tness measurements as appli'able
1 *ept/ %+ '%)er %r tren'/ *ept/ as appli'able
1 l%'ati%n %+ areas %+ *ama(e t% pipeline. '%atin( an* an%*es
1 l%'ati%n %+ any areas ,it/ %bser)e* s'%ur %r er%si%n al%n( pipeline an* a*Ga'ent seabe*
1 )eri+i'ati%n t/at t/e '%n*iti%n %+ ,ei(/t '%atin( C%r an'/%rin( systems t/at pr%)i*e +%r %n-b%tt%m stability4
is in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e spe'i+i'ati%n
1 *es'ripti%n %+ ,re'&a(e. *ebris %r %t/er %bGe'ts ,/i'/ may a++e't t/e 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n system %r
%t/er,ise impair t/e pipeline
1 )i*e% *%'umentati%n %+ t/e submarine pipeline system-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e sur)ey a''ura'y s/%ul* re+le't t/e re2uirements relate* t% lay '%rri*%r. siJe %+ lay *%,n tar(et b%:es. restri'ti%ns
in *esi(n relate* t% %ut %+ strai(/tness Cin parti'ular +%r une)en seabe*4 %r %t/er aspe'ts t/at may in+luen'e pipeline
inte(rity-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*8 T/e pipeline /%riJ%ntal p%siti%n an* seabe* an* pipeline )erti'al pr%+ileIseabe* s/all as a minimum be
rep%rte* at inter)als *e+ine* by t/e re2uirement +%r as-lai* pipeline analyses- T/e *ata s/all be rep%rte* in an
a(ree* +%rmat-
G 8** S'r-e7 !+ c!rr!si!n (r!%ec%i!n s7s%e$s
8*) In t/e 'ase %+ *ama(e t% '%atin( %r an%*es. '%nse2uen'es +%r l%n(-term per+%rman'e s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
P%tential measurements at any bare sur+a'es s/%ul* be 'arrie* %ut t% '%n+irm a*e2uate '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n-
%rre'ti)e a'ti%ns may in'lu*e retr%+ittin( %+ an%*es an* '%atin( repairs- Satis+a't%ry le)el %+ '%rr%si%n
pr%te'ti%n s/all be *%'umente* a+ter t/e '%rre'ti)e a'ti%n /as been per+%rme*-
8*4 Impresse* 'urrent 'at/%*i' '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n systems s/all be inspe'te*. in'lu*in( 'ables. '%n*uits.
an%*es an* re'ti+iers- Rea*in(s +r%m t/e '%rr%si%n m%nit%rin( system s/all be )eri+ie* by in*epen*ent
p%tential measurements. an* a*e2uate ele'tri'al insulati%n +r%m %t/er installati%ns Ci+ appli'able4 s/all be
'%n+irme* installe* an* '%mmissi%ne* a''%r*in( t% ISO 1==FH-" Petroleum and natural gas industries (
%athodic protection of pipeline transportation systems ( Part J: 5ffshore pipelines.
I+ t/e re2uire* pr%te'ti%n le)el is n%t attaine*. t/e 'auses s/all be i*enti+ie* an* a*e2uate '%rre'ti)e a'ti%ns
per+%rme*- Satis+a't%ry per+%rman'e s/all be *%'umente* a+ter t/e '%rre'ti)e a'ti%n-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $5%
H. 9!s%-la7 in%er-en%i!n .Sea6e" in%er-en%i!n an" 9i(eline 9r!%ec%i!n/
H )** General
)*) T/e re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n are appli'able t% +ree span re'ti+i'ati%n an* t/e pr%te'ti%n %+
pipelines. e-(- by tren'/in( an* ba'&+illin(. (ra)el *umpin(. (r%ut ba(s. '%n'rete mattresses et'-
)*4 A spe'i+i' sur)ey %+ t/e ,%r& area s/%ul* be per+%rme*. %r supplementin(. t/e as-lai* sur)ey i+0
1 si(ni+i'ant time /as elapse* sin'e t/e as-lai* sur)ey
1 a '/an(e in seabe* '%n*iti%ns is li&ely
1 marine a'ti)ity is present in t/e area
1 ne, installati%ns are present in t/e area
1 t/e as-lai* sur)ey *%es n%t pr%)i*e su++i'ient in+%rmati%n-
)*8 T/e sur)ey %+ t/e ,%r& area s/%ul* as a minimum in'lu*e0
1 a )i*e% inspe'ti%n %+ t/e pipeline t% i*enti+y any areas %+ *ama(e t% pipeline. '%atin( an* an%*es
1 'r%ss pr%+iles %+ t/e pipeline an* a*Ga'ent seabe* at re(ular inter)als
1 *ept/ pr%+iles al%n( t/e pipeline an* t/e seabe* at b%t/ si*es %+ t/e pipeline
1 any e:istin( subsea installati%ns-
T/e un*isturbe* seabe* le)el s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e 'r%ss pr%+iles-
H 4** S(an rec%i+ica%i!n an" (r!%ec%i!n s(eci+ica%i!n
4*) T/e re2uirements appli'able t% t/e spe'i+i' met/%*s %+ span re'ti+i'ati%n an* pr%te'ti%n re(ar*in(
e:e'uti%n. m%nit%rin( an* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be *%'umente*- Re2uirements +%r )essels. sur)ey
e2uipment et'- s/all be a**resse* in t/e installati%n an* testin( spe'i+i'ati%ns an* pr%'e*ures- T/e e:tent %+
pr%'e*ures t% be prepare* an* 2uali+ie* s/all be spe'i+ie*-
H 8** Free s(an rec%i+ica%i!n
8*) Free span re'ti+i'ati%n is re2uire* +%r all spans e:'ee*in( t/e spe'i+ie* a''eptable len(t/ %r /ei(/t +%r
t/e spe'i+i' l%'ati%n- Re'ti+i'ati%n %+ %t/er spans s/all be '%nsi*ere* i+ s'%ur %r seabe* settlement '%ul* enlar(e
t/e span len(t/ an* (ap /ei(/t ab%)e ma:imum a''eptable *imensi%ns be+%re t/e +irst planne* inspe'ti%n %+
t/e pipeline-
8*4 A*e2uate re'ti+i'ati%n %+ +ree spans s/all be *%'umente* by a )i*e% sur)ey- All re'ti+ie* +ree spans s/all
be i*enti+ie* an* t/e len(t/. (ap an* /ei(/t s/all be ,it/in t/e re2uirements-
H 4** Trenching
4*) @/ere tren'/ e:'a)ati%n is per+%rme* a+ter pipelayin(. t/e tren'/in( e2uipment s/all be %+ a type t/at
*%es n%t pla'e si(ni+i'ant l%a*s %n t/e pipeline an* minimises t/e p%ssibility %+ *ama(e t% t/e pipeline-
4*4 Tren'/in( e2uipment s/all be e2uippe* ,it/ su++i'ient instrumentati%n t% ensure t/at *ama(e an*
e:'essi)e pipe '%nta't is a)%i*e*-
4*8 Spe'ial 'are s/all be ta&en *urin( tren'/in( %perati%ns %+ pi((y ba'& I bun*le pipelines. s% t/at strappin(
arran(ements ,ill n%t be *isturbe* I *ama(e* *urin( tren'/in(-
4*4 Tren'/in( s/all n%t *ama(e %r *ismantle t/e an%*es-
4*# @/ere me'/ani'al ba'&+illin( is re2uire*. it s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a manner t/at minimises t/e
p%ssibility %+ *ama(e %r *isturban'e t% t/e pipeline-
4*5 It s/all be ensure* t/at t/e tren'/in( met/%* +%r t/e (i)en pipeline submer(e* ,ei(/t an* s%il pr%perties
is a*e2uate t% a)%i* pipeline +l%atati%n *urin( tren'/in( an* ba'&+illin(-
4*& T/e tren'/in( e2uipment m%nit%rin( system s/all be 'alibrate* an* in'lu*e0
1 *e)i'es t% measure *ept/ %+ pipe
1 a m%nit%rin( system an* '%ntr%l system pre)entin( /%riJ%ntal l%a*s %n t/e pipeline %r *e)i'es t% measure
an* re'%r* all )erti'al an* /%riJ%ntal +%r'es imp%se* %n t/e pipeline by tren'/in( e2uipment. an* *e)i'es
t% measure t/e pr%:imity %+ t/e tren'/in( e2uipment t% t/e pipeline. /%riJ%ntally an* )erti'ally relati)e t%
t/e pipeline
1 un*er,ater m%nit%rin( systems enablin( t/e tren'/in( e2uipment %perat%r t% )ie, t/e pipeline an* seabe*
pr%+ile +%r,ar* an* a+t %+ t/e tren'/in( e2uipment
1 measurin( an* re'%r*in( *e)i'es +%r tren'/in( e2uipment t%, +%r'e
1 *e)i'es m%nit%rin( pit'/. r%ll. *ept/. /ei(/t an* spee* %+ t/e tren'/in( e2uipment-
4*2 7et sle*s s/all /a)e a '%ntr%l an* m%nit%rin( system +%r t/e p%siti%n %+ t/e Gettin( arms an* t/e %)er/ea*
+rame. /%riJ%ntally an* )erti'ally relati)e t% t/e pipeline- T/e l%'ati%n %+ t/e sle* s/all n%t be '%ntr%lle* by t/e
+%r'e bet,een sle* an* pipeline- De)i'es in*i'atin( tensi%n in t/e t%, line an* s/%,in( t/e *ept/ %+ t/e tren'/
s/all be installe*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $5$
4*: An all%,able ran(e %+ )alues. in*i'ate* by t/e measurin( *e)i'es %+ t/e tren'/in( e2uipment. s/all be
establis/e*- T/e p%ssibility %+ *ama(e t% '%atin( s/all be '%nsi*ere*- Durin( tren'/in( %perati%ns t/e
measurin( *e)i'es s/all be '%ntinu%usly m%nit%re*-
4)* A p%st-tren'/in( sur)ey s/%ul* be per+%rme* a+ter t/e tren'/in( in %r*er t% *etermine i+ t/e re2uire*
*ept/ %+ tren'/ an*I%r pipe /as been a'/ie)e* an* i+ any reme*ial ,%r& is re2uire*-
H #** 9!s%-ins%alla%i!n gra-el ins%alla%i!n
#*) 6aterial use* +%r (ra)el installati%n s/all meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements +%r spe'i+i' (ra)ity.
'%mp%siti%n an* (ra*in(-
#*4 3ra)el installati%n s/all be per+%rme* in a '%ntinu%us an* '%ntr%lle* manner- E:istin( in+rastru'ture
s/%ul* n%t be *isturbe* %r inter+ere* ,it/-
#*8 T/e (ra)el installati%n %perati%n s/all ensure re'ti+i'ati%n %+ all +ree spans t% meet t/e spe'i+ie*
re2uirements- S'%urin( e++e'ts s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
#*4 I+ t/e +all pipe te'/ni2ue is use* +%r (ra)el installati%n. minimum 'learan'es s/all be spe'i+ie* su'/ t/at
t/e +all pipe 'ann%t t%u'/ t/e pipeline %r any %t/er subsea installati%n %r t/e seabe*- Depl%yment %perati%ns
s/all be per+%rme* ,ell a,ay +r%m t/e pipeline %r any %t/er subsea installati%n- !e+%re t/e +all pipe is m%)e*
t% t/e installati%n l%'ati%n. t/e 'learan'e beneat/ t/e +all pipe s/all be )eri+ie*- T/e 'learan'e s/all be
'%ntinu%usly m%nit%re* *urin( (ra)el installati%n-
#*# T/e '%mplete* (ra)el installati%n s/all lea)e a m%un* %n t/e seabe* ,it/ a sm%%t/ '%nt%ur an* pr%+ile
an* a sl%pe n%t steeper t/an spe'i+ie*-
#*5 I+ t/e (ra)el installati%n is per+%rme* %)er 'able an* pipeline 'r%ssin(s. t/e (ra)el m%un* s/all pr%)i*e
t/e spe'i+ie* *ept/ %+ '%)er %)er b%t/ t/e 'r%ssin( an* t/e 'r%sse* pipeline- Durin( t/e (ra)el installati%n
%perati%ns inspe'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* ,it/ a s%nar sur)ey system %r ,it/ )i*e% ,/en )isibility is rest%re*.
t% *etermine t/e '%mpleteness an* a*e2ua'y %+ t/e installati%n-
#*& 8p%n '%mpleti%n %+ t/e (ra)el installati%n. a sur)ey s/all be per+%rme* t% '%n+irm '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e
spe'i+ie* re2uirements- T/e sur)ey s/all in'lu*e0
1 )i*e% %+ t/e pipeline len(t/ '%)ere*
1 'r%ss pr%+iles %+ t/e m%un* an* a*Ga'ent un*isturbe* seabe* at re(ular inter)als
1 len(t/ pr%+iles %+ t/e m%un*
1 '%n+irmati%n t/at minimum re2uire* burie* *ept/ is a'/ie)e*
1 '%n+irmati%n t/at ma:imum burial *ept/ is n%t e:'ee*e*
1 any e:istin( installati%ns an* t/eir )i'inity in %r*er t% ensure t/at t/e installati%nCs4 /a)e n%t su++ere*
*ama(e-
H 5** Gr!'% 6ags an" c!ncre%e $a%%resses
5*) %n'rete mattresses an* (r%ut ba(s s/all meet t/e spe'i+i'ati%n ,it/ re(ar* t% siJe. s/ape an* +le:ibility
%+ t/e material. l%'ati%n %+ +illin( p%ints. an* t/e spe'i+i' (ra)ity. '%mp%siti%n an* (ra*in( %+ (r%ut-
5*4 Pla'in( %+ (r%ut ba(s an* '%n'rete mattresses s/all be per+%rme* in a '%ntr%lle* manner. su'/ t/at t/e
ba(s %r mattresses are pla'e* as re2uire*- Restri'ti%ns %n )essel m%)ements *urin( t/e %perati%n s/all be (i)en-
5*8 Durin( t/e pla'in( %perati%ns. inspe'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* ,it/ a ROV-m%unte* )i*e% 'amera t%
*etermine t/e '%mpleteness an* a*e2ua'y %+ t/e installati%n-
5*4 8p%n '%mpleti%n %+ t/e pla'in( %perati%n. a sur)ey s/all be per+%rme* t% '%n+irm '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e
spe'i+ie* re2uirements- T/e sur)ey s/all as a minimum in'lu*e0
1 )i*e% %+ t/e '%mplete* ,%r&
1 'r%ss pr%+iles %+ t/e pla'e* ba(s %r mattresses an* a*Ga'ent un*isturbe* seabe* at re(ular inter)als
1 len(t/ pr%+iles %+ t/e pla'e* ba(s %r mattresses an* t/e seabe* at b%t/ si*es %+ t/e area-
;. Tie-in
; )** General
)*) T/e re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n are appli'able t% tie-in %perati%ns usin( ,el*in( %r me'/ani'al
'%nne't%rs- T/e %perati%ns 'an be per+%rme* %nb%ar* a layin( )essel Cin ,/i'/ 'ase ,el*in( is t/e pre+erre*
met/%*4 %r un*er,ater-
)*4 Tie-in %perati%ns by means %+ /%t %r '%l* taps are subGe't t% spe'ial '%nsi*erati%n an* a(reement-
)*8 Operatin( limit '%n*iti%ns ,it/ re(ar* t% t/e seastate. 'urrent an* )essel m%)ements s/all be establis/e*-
8n'ertainty in ,eat/er +%re'ast s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $5&
; 4** Tie-in !(era%i!ns a6!-e 1a%er
4*) T/e p%siti%n %+ t/e tie-in s/all be )eri+ie* pri%r t% start %+ %perati%ns- A sur)ey s/all be per+%rme* t%
establis/ t/at t/e l%'ati%n is +ree %+ %bstru'ti%ns an* t/at t/e seabe* '%n*iti%ns ,ill permit t/e tie-in t% be
per+%rme* as spe'i+ie*-
4*4 Bi+tin( an* l%,erin( %+ t/e pipeline se'ti%ns s/all be analyse* t% *etermine t/e 'riti'al parameters an*
%perati%nal 'riteria +%r t/e %perati%n- riti'al parametersI%perati%nal 'riteria s/all be m%nit%re* '%ntinu%usly-
4*8 Bi+tin( arran(ements an* e2uipment s/all be *esi(ne* ta&in( int% a''%unt t/e 'riti'al parameters an*
%perati%nal 'riteria +%r t/e %perati%ns-
4*4 T/e %perati%n s/%ul* be m%nit%re* t% '%n+irm '%rre't '%n+i(urati%n %+ t/e pipeline se'ti%ns +r%m t/e
seabe* an* %nt% t/e )essel-
4*# T/e ali(nment an* p%siti%n %+ t/e tie-in en*s s/all be ,it/in t/e spe'i+ie* t%leran'es be+%re '%mpletin(
t/e tie-in-
4*5 Installati%n %+ me'/ani'al '%nne't%rs s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e 6anu+a'turerAs
pr%'e*ure- F%r +lan(e* '%nne'ti%ns /y*rauli' b%lt tensi%n e2uipment s/all be use*- Durin( all /an*lin(. li+tin(
an* l%,erin( int% t/e +inal p%siti%n. %pen +lan(e +a'es s/all be pr%te'te* a(ainst me'/ani'al *ama(e-
4*& A lea& test t% an internal pressure n%t less t/an t/e l%'al in'i*ental pressure s/%ul* be per+%rme* +%r all
me'/ani'al '%nne'ti%ns-
4*2 %rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n %+ t/e tie-in area s/all be per+%rme* an* inspe'te* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a''epte*
pr%'e*ures-
4*: A+ter '%mpleti%n %+ t/e tie-in. a sur)ey %+ t/e pipeline %n b%t/ si*es %+ t/e tie-in. an* %)er a len(t/
su++i'ient t% ensure t/at n% *ama(e /as %''urre*. s/%ul* be per+%rme*
4)* It s/all be )eri+ie* t/at t/e p%siti%n %+ t/e tie-in is ,it/in t/e tar(et area pri%r t% *eparture %+ t/e )essel
+r%m site- T/e pipeline stability s/all be ensure* an* a*e2uate pr%te'ti%n %+ pipeline pr%)i*e*-
4)) Re2uirements +%r *ry ,el*in( are (i)en in Appen*i: -
; 8** Tie-in !(era%i!ns 6el!1 1a%er
8*) In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements in Subse'ti%n I"00. t/e re2uirements bel%, are )ali* +%r tie-in %perati%ns
in)%l)in( un*er,ater a'ti)ities-
8*4 Di)in( an* un*er,ater %perati%ns s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a(ree* pr%'e*ures +%r n%rmal
an* '%ntin(en'y situati%ns '%)erin( appli'able re2uirements-
8*8 Re2uirements +%r un*er,ater /yperbari' *ry ,el*in( are (i)en in Appen*i: -
>. 9re-c!$$issi!ning
> )** General
)*) All ,%r& %n t/e submarine pipeline system. in'lu*in( 'r%ssin(s. tren'/in(. (ra)el installati%n. arti+i'ial
ba'&+ill. subsea assemblies. riser installati%n. tie-in. as-built sur)ey et'-. s/%ul* be '%mplete* be+%re pre-
'%mmissi%nin( a'ti)ities '%mmen'es-
)*4 Disp%sal %+ 'leanin( an* test +lui*s s/all be per+%rme* in a manner minimisin( *an(er t% t/e
en)ir%nment- Any *isp%sal %+ +lui*s s/all be in '%mplian'e ,it/ re2uirements +r%m Nati%nal Aut/%rities-
)*8 Re2uirements +%r e2uipment. t/e e:tent %+ testin( an* preparati%n +%r %perati%n. per+%rman'e %+ tests an*
preparati%n +%r %perati%n an* ass%'iate* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be *e+ine*- T/e e:tent %+ pr%'e*ures t% be
prepare* an* 2uali+ie* s/all be spe'i+ie*-
)*4 All %perati%ns an* tests s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a(ree* pr%'e*ures-
> 4** Wa%er+illing= cleaning an" ga'ging
4*) leanin( an* (au(in( may be '%mbine* ,it/ t/e initial +l%%*in( %+ t/e pipeline. be run as a separate
%perati%n. %r be '%mbine* ,it/ t/e ,el* sp/ere rem%)al a+ter '%mpleti%n %+ /yperbari' tie-in-
4*4 Appr%priate measures s/all be ta&en t% ensure t/at any suspen*e* an* *iss%l)e* substan'es in t/e +lui*
use* +%r 'leanin( %perati%n are '%mpatible ,it/ t/e pipe material an* internal '%atin( Ci+ applie*4. an* t/at
*ep%sits are n%t +%rme* ,it/in t/e pipeline-
4*8 Fillin( %+ t/e submarine pipeline system ,it/ ,ater s/%ul* be per+%rme* in a '%ntr%lle* manner. usin(
,ater be/in* %ne %r m%re pi(s- T/e pi(Cs4 s/all be 'apable %+ pr%)i*in( a p%siti)e airI,ater inter+a'e-
%nsi*erati%ns s/all be (i)en t% pre-+illin( )al)e b%*y 'a)ities ,it/ an inert li2ui*. unless t/e )al)es /a)e
pr%)isi%n +%r pressure e2ualisati%n a'r%ss t/e )al)e seats- All )al)es s/all be +ully %pen *urin( line +illin(- A
pi( tra'&in( system an* t/e use %+ ba'&-pressure t% '%ntr%l t/e tra)el spee* %+ t/e pi( s/all be '%nsi*ere* i+
steep (ra*ients %''ur al%n( t/e pipeline r%ute-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $5'
4*4 @ater t% be use* +%r +l%%*in( s/%ul* /a)e a minimum 2uality '%rresp%n*in( t% +iltrati%n %+ =0m. an*
suspen*e* matters s/%ul* n%t /a)e an a)era(e '%ntent e:'ee*in( "0 (Im
#
-
4*# I+ ,ater 2uality %r t/e ,ater s%ur'e is un&n%,n. ,ater samples s/all be analyse* an* suitable a'ti%ns
s/all be ta&en t% rem%)e an*I%r in/ibit /arm+ul substan'es-
4*5 I+ ,ater is t% remain in t/e pipeline +%r an e:ten*e* peri%* %+ time. '%nsi*erati%n s/all be (i)en t% '%ntr%l
%+ ba'terial (r%,t/ an* internal '%rr%si%n by '/emi'al treatment Csee Se'-> D#0"4-
4*& A**e* '%rr%si%n in/ibit%rs. any '/emi'al a**iti)es li&e %:y(en s'a)en(ers. bi%'i*es. *yes. et'- s/all be
'%nsi*ere* +%r p%ssible /arm+ul intera'ti%ns sele'te* t% ensure +ull '%mpatibility an* t/eir impa't %n t/e
en)ir%nment *urin( an* a+ter *isp%sal %+ t/e test ,ater s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
4*2 T/e submarine pipeline system s/all be 'leane*- T/e pipeline 'leanin( '%n'ept s/all '%nsi*er0
1 pr%te'ti%n %+ pipeline '%mp%nents an* +a'ilities Ce-(- )al)es4 +r%m *ama(e by 'leanin( +lui*s an* pi(s
1 testin( *e)i'es su'/ as is%lati%n sp/eres et'-
1 rem%)al %+ substan'es t/at may '%ntaminate t/e pr%*u't t% be transp%rte*
1 parti'les an* resi*ue +r%m testin( an* mill s'ale
1 %r(anisms an* resi*ue resultin( +r%m test +lui*s
1 '/emi'al resi*ue an* (els
1 rem%)al %+ metalli' parti'les t/at may a++e't +uture inspe'ti%n a'ti)ities-
4*: A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r 'leanin( s/all be establis/e* an* a(ree*-
4)* T/e submarine pipeline system s/all be (au(e*- T/e main purp%se %+ (au(in( t/e submarine pipeline
system is t% pr%)e t/at it is unli&ely t/at any *ama(es. *ent %r bu'&le e:ists in t/e submarine pipeline system.
an* t% pr%)i*e basis +%r +uture %perati%nal pi((in( a'ti)ities- T/e purp%se is +urt/er t% *%'ument t/at n%
e:'essi)e %)alisati%n e:'ee*in( t/e re2uirements in Se'-=. D1100 /as ta&en pla'e- T/e pre+erre* (au(in( is by
an Sintelli(entT (au(in( t%%l C'alliper pi(4- As an alternati)e a runnin( a pi( ,it/ a metalli' (au(e plate ,it/ a
*iameter %+ H=L %+ t/e lar(est n%minal inner *iameter. %r H<L %+ t/e minimum inner *iameter %+ t/e lar(est
n%minal inner *iameter- In 'ase a (au(e plate 'ann%t be use* *ue t% internal restri'ti%ns Ce-(- )ariati%ns in
*iameter. )al)es. ben*s et'-4 an Sintelli(entT (au(in( t%%l C'alliper pi(4 s/all be use*- @/en (au(in( is 'arrie*
%ut ,it/ an intelli(ent t%%l t/e t%leran'es %+ t/e *iameter measurements s/%ul* be less t/an 0-" mm an* t/e
*iameter rea*in(s s/%ul* be ma*e minimum ea'/ 10mm al%n( t/e entire pipeline len(t/- T/e t%%l s/all als% be
able t% rep%rt l%'ati%ns %+ t/e rea*in(s-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e minimum inner *iameter in'lu*in( un'ertainties 'an be establis/e* as0
D
min.t%t
? D
min
C1-+
0
I"4-"t
ma:
-"/
bea*
@/ere /
bea*
als% all%,s +%r p%ssible misali(nment-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4)) leanin( an* (au(in( train *esi(n in'lu*in( number an* type %+ pi(s. train )el%'ity s/all be *e'i*e*
base* up%n nee* +%r '/emi'al 'leanin(. type an* len(t/ %+ pipeline. steep (ra*ients al%n( t/e pipeline r%ute.
type %+ ser)i'e. '%nstru'ti%n met/%*. *%,nstream pr%'ess. p%tential 'leanin( an* (au(in( alrea*y per+%rme*
Csee in Se'-F F=0; an* Se'-F 31014 %r %t/er aspe'ts-
4)4 F%r 'leanin( %perati%ns ,/ere t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r 'leanin( are n%t +ul+ille*. a rerun %+ t/e 'leanin(
pi( train s/%ul* be per+%rme*-
4)8 I+ 'leanin( is per+%rme* %n separate se'ti%ns %+ t/e submarine pipeline system pri%r t% tie-in. a minimum
%+ %ne 'leanin( pi( s/%ul* be run t/r%u(/ t/e '%mplete* submarine pipeline system pri%r t%. %r *urin(. pr%*u't
+illin(-
4)4 On '%mpletin( %+ all tie-ins. a 'alliper pi( %r (au(e plate s/%ul* be run t/r%u(/ t/e submarine pipeline
system-
> 8** S7s%e$ (ress're %es%ing
8*) A pipeline system pressure test s/all be per+%rme* base* up%n t/e system test pressure *etermine*
a''%r*in( t% Se'-= !"0" unless t/e test is ,ai)e* as all%,e* by Se'-= !"0#- T/e '%mplete submarine pipeline
system s/%ul* be teste*-
8*4 T/e submarine pipeline system may be teste* as separate se'ti%ns pr%)i*e* t/at t/e tie-in ,el*s bet,een
se'ti%ns +ul+il t/e re2uirements in E#0>-
8*8 T/e pipeline se'ti%n un*er test s/all be is%late* +r%m %t/er pipelines an* +a'ilities- Pressure testin(
s/%ul* n%t be per+%rme* a(ainst in-line )al)es. unless p%ssible lea&a(e an* *ama(e t% t/e )al)e is '%nsi*ere*.
an* t/e )al)e is *esi(ne* an* teste* +%r t/e pressure test '%n*iti%n- !l%'&in( %++ %r rem%)al %+ small-b%re
bran'/es an* instrument tappin(s. s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere* t% a)%i* p%ssible '%ntaminati%n-
8*4 Temp%rary testin( e2uipment su'/ as en* 'l%sures. temp%rary pi(traps an* mani+%l*s. s/all be *esi(ne*
an* '%nstru'te* a''%r*in( t% a re'%(nise* '%*e an* ,it/ *esi(n pressure e2ual t% t/e pipeline *esi(n pressure-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $51
Su'/ items s/all be in*i)i*ually pressure teste* t% at least t/e same test pressure as t/e pipeline-
8*# Instruments an* test e2uipment use* +%r t/e measurement %+ pressure. )%lume an* temperature s/all be
'alibrate* +%r a''ura'y. repeatability an* sensiti)ity- All instruments an* test e2uipment s/all p%ssess )ali*
'alibrati%n 'erti+i'ates. ,it/ tra'eability t% re+eren'e stan*ar*s ,it/in t/e > m%nt/s pre'e*in( t/e test- I+ t/e
instruments an* test e2uipment /a)e been in +re2uent use. 'alibrati%n spe'i+i'ally +%r t/e test s/%ul* be
per+%rme*-
8*5 3au(es an* re'%r*ers s/all be '/e'&e* +%r '%rre't +un'ti%n imme*iately be+%re ea'/ test- All test
e2uipment s/all be l%'ate* in a sa+e p%siti%n %utsi*e t/e test b%un*ary area-
8*& T/e test pressure s/all be measure* usin( a *ea* ,ei(/t tester %r a /i(/ a''ura'y pressure trans*u'er. in
a**iti%n t% a /i(/ a''ura'y lar(e *iameter pressure (au(e- Dea* ,ei(/t testers s/all n%t be use* be+%re a stable
'%n*iti%n is '%n+irme*. an* s/all n%t be use* %++s/%re ,/en p%siti%ne* %n a )essel- I+ a /i(/ a''ura'y pressure
trans*u'er is use*. it s/all /a)e a''ura'y t/at is better t/an ; times t/e tar(et pressure *r%p. i-e- 0-0=L- Time
/ist%ry %+ t/e test pressure s/all be re'%r*e*-
8*2 T/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements apply +%r instruments an* test e2uipment0
1 *ea* ,ei(/t testers s/all /a)e a ran(e %+ minimum 1-"= times t/e spe'i+ie* test pressure. an* s/all /a)e an
a''ura'y better t/an [0-1 bar an* a sensiti)ity better t/an 0-0= bar
1 t/e )%lume %+ ,ater a**e* %r subtra'te* *urin( a pressure test s/all be measure* ,it/ e2uipment /a)in(
a''ura'y better t/an [ 1-0L an* sensiti)ity better t/an 0-1L
1 temperature measurin( instruments an* re'%r*ers s/all /a)e an a''ura'y better t/an [1-0]. an* a
sensiti)ity better t/an 0-1]
1 pressure re'%r*ers an* temperature re'%r*ers s/all be use* t% pr%)i*e a (rap/i'al re'%r* %+ t/e pressure test
'%ntinu%usly +%r t/e t%tal *urati%n %+ t/e test-
8*: A '%rrelati%n t/at s/%,s t/e e++e't %+ temperature '/an(es %n t/e test pressure ,/ere rele)ant. s/all be
*e)el%pe* an* a''epte* pri%r t% startin( t/e test- Temperature measurin( *e)i'es. i+ use*. s/all be p%siti%ne*
'l%se t% t/e pipeline. an* t/e *istan'e bet,een t/e *e)i'es s/all be base* %n temperature (ra*ients al%n( t/e
pipeline r%ute-
8)* T/e test me*ium s/%ul* be ,ater meetin( t/e re2uirements (i)en in 7"00-
8)) T/e air '%ntent %+ t/e test ,ater s/all be assesse* by '%nstru'tin( a pl%t %+ t/e pressure a(ainst )%lume
*urin( t/e initial +illin( an* pressurisati%n. until a *e+inite linear relati%ns/ip is apparent. see Fi(ure1- T/is
s/%ul* be *%ne at #= bar pressure- T/e assesse* air '%ntent s/%ul* n%t e:'ee* 0-"L %+ t/e 'al'ulate* t%tal
)%lume %+ t/e pipeline un*er test- I+ t/e limit is e:'ee*e*. it s/all be *%'umente* t/at t/e am%unt %+ air. n%t
,ill in+luen'e t/e a''ura'y %+ t/e test si(ni+i'antly-
Fig're )
De%er$ina%i!n !+ -!l'$e !+ air
8)4 Pressurisati%n %+ t/e submarine pipeline system s/all be per+%rme* as a '%ntr%lle* %perati%n ,it/
'%nsi*erati%n +%r ma:imum all%,able )el%'ities in t/e inlet pipin(- T/e last =L up t% t/e test pressure s/all be
raise* at a re*u'e* rate t% ensure t/at t/e test pressure is n%t e:'ee*e*- Time s/%ul* be all%,e* +%r stabilisati%n
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $52
be+%re t/e test /%l* peri%* be(ins. in parti'ular ,/en testin( %perati%n %''urs *ire'tly p%st +l%%*in(I+lus/in(
%+ t/e pipeline system- Stabilisati%n time s/all be base* %n t/e +illin( ,ater temperature *i++eren'e ,it/
ambient temperature an* %n t/e p%ssible presen'e %+ t/ermal insulati%n-
8)8 T/e pressure le)el re2uirement +%r t/e system pressure test is (i)en in Se'-= !"0#-
8)4 T/e test pressure /%l* peri%* a+ter stabilisati%n s/all be /el* +%r a minimum "; /%urs-
8)# SubGe't t% a(reement s/%rter pressure /%l* peri%*s may be a''epte* +%r pipelines ,it/ test )%lumes less
t/an =000 m
#
- In t/ese 'ases t/e prin'iples %+ Se'-< 3 s/%ul* apply-
8)5 T/e pressure an* temperatures ,/ere rele)ant. s/all be '%ntinu%usly re'%r*e* *urin( t/e pressurisati%n.
stabilisati%n an* test /%l* peri%*s-
8)& Flan(es. me'/ani'al '%nne't%rs et'- un*er pressure s/%ul* be )isually inspe'te* +%r lea&s *urin( t/e
pressure test. eit/er *ire'tly %r by m%nit%rs-
8)2 T/e pressure test is a''eptable i+ t/e submarine pipeline system is +ree +r%m lea&s. an* t/e pressure
)ariati%n is ,it/in [ 0-"L %+ t/e test pressure- A pressure )ariati%n up t% an a**iti%nal [0-"L %+ t/e test
pressure is n%rmally a''eptable i+ t/e t%tal )ariati%n Ci-e- [ 0-;L4 'an be *%'umente* t% be 'ause* by
temperature +lu'tuati%ns %r %t/er,ise a''%unte* +%r- I+ pressure )ariati%ns (reater t/an [ 0-;L %+ t/e test
pressure are %bser)e*. t/e /%l*in( peri%* s/all be e:ten*e* until a /%l* peri%* ,it/ a''eptable pressure
)ariati%ns /as %''urre*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
%rresp%n*in( 'riteria +%r +le:ible pipes are %+ten less strin(ent- F%r a pipeline system '%mprisin( b%t/ ri(i* pipeline
an* +le:ible parts Ce-(- +le:ible riser %r +le:ible tail4. an e2ui)alent pressure )ariati%n 'riteri%n s/%ul* be *etermine*
by ,ei(/in( t/e 'riteria +%r t/e *i++erent parts ,-r-t- t/e )%lume %+ ,ater t/at t/ey '%ntain *urin( t/e system pressure
test-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8): De-pressurisati%n %+ t/e submarine pipeline system s/all be per+%rme* as a '%ntr%lle* %perati%n ,it/
'%nsi*erati%n +%r ma:imum all%,able )el%'ities in t/e pipeline an* t/e *is'/ar(e pipin(-
> 4** De-1a%ering an" "r7ing
4*) De-,aterin( s/%ul* be per+%rme* be+%re intr%*u'in( t/e pr%*u't +lui* int% t/e pipeline- Dryin( may be
re2uire* in %r*er t% pre)ent an in'rease in t/e '%rr%si%n p%tential %r /y*rate +%rmati%n. %r i+ %missi%n %+ *ryin(
is *eeme* t% /a)e an a*)erse e++e't %n t/e pr%*u't transp%rte*-
4*4 In 'ase t/e pr%*u't +lui* is intr%*u'e* pri%r t% *e-,aterin( t/e separati%n pi( train bet,een t/e test
me*ium an* t/e +lui* s/all be 2uali+ie* in %r*er t% a)%i* '%nta't bet,een t/e resi*ual test ,ater an* t/e pr%*u't-
4*8 Sele'ti%n %+ *e-,aterin( an* *ryin( met/%*s an* '/emi'als s/all in'lu*e '%nsi*erati%n %+ any e++e't %n
)al)e an* seal materials. any internal '%atin( an* trappin( %+ +lui*s in )al)e 'a)ities. bran'/ pipin(. instruments
et'-
> #** S7s%e$s %es%ing
#*) Pri%r t% +lui* pr%*u't +illin(. sa+ety an* m%nit%rin( systems s/all be teste* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a''epte*
pr%'e*ures- T/is in'lu*es testin( %+0
1 '%rr%si%n m%nit%rin( systems
1 alarm an* s/ut*%,n systems
1 sa+ety systems su'/ an* pi( trap interl%'&s. pressure pr%te'ti%n systems et'-
1 pressure m%nit%rin( systems an* %t/er m%nit%rin( an* '%ntr%l systems
1 %perati%n %+ pipeline )al)es-
?. D!c'$en%a%i!n
? )** General
)*) T/e *%'umentati%n %+ t/e %++s/%re '%nstru'ti%n in'lu*in( testin( %+ t/e submarine pipeline system s/all
be as a minimum in'lu*e t/at (i)en in Se'-1"-
. ;ns%alla%i!n $an'al
)** ;ns%alla%i!n $an'al
)*) Installati%n manual is *e+ine* as a *%'ument %r '%lle'ti%n %+ *%'uments re2uire* +%r per+%rmin( t/e pr%Ge't
spe'i+i' installati%n ,%r& in'lu*in( n%rmal %perati%ns an* '%ntin(en'y /an*lin(I%perati%ns an* a''eptan'e
'riteria- In 'ase t/e installati%n manual is a '%lle'ti%n %+ *%'uments. a master *%'ument s/all be prepare*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
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G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e installati%n manual is prepare* in %r*er t% *em%nstrate t/at met/%*s an* e2uipment use* by t/e %ntra't%r ,ill
meet spe'i+ie* re2uirements. an* t/at t/e results 'an be )eri+ie*- T/e installati%n manual ,ill /en'e in'lu*e all +a't%rs
t/at in+luen'e 2uality. reliability an* sa+ety %+ t/e installati%n ,%r&. in'lu*in( n%rmal an* '%ntin(en'y situati%ns. an*
,ill a**ress all installati%n steps. in'lu*in( e:aminati%ns an* '/e'& p%ints- T/e manual ,ill re+le't t/e results %+ t/e
ris& mana(ement stu*ies per+%rme* +%r t/e installati%n an* ,ill state re2uirements +%r t/e parameters t% be '%ntr%lle*
an* t/e all%,able ran(e %+ parameter )ariati%n *urin( t/e installati%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*4 T/e installati%n %ntra't%r s/all prepare an installati%n manual-
G'i"ance n!%eF
In 'ase se)eral %ntra't%rs are use*. t/e installati%n manuals s/all be /arm%nise*- A master installati%n manual may
be re2uire*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*8 T/e installati%n manual s/all be a(ree* bet,een %ntra't%r an* Operat%r. an* up*ate* an* re)ise* as
+%un* ne'essary-
)*4 T/e installati%n manual s/all '%ntain *%'umentati%n %+ +ul+ilment %+ all re2uirements in Se'-10-
)*# T/e installati%n manual s/all in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 2uality system manual
1 m%bilisati%n manual
1 '%nstru'ti%n manual
1 /ealt/. sa+ety an* en)ir%nment manual
1 emer(en'y prepare*ness manual-
)*5 T/e installati%n manual s/all '%)er0
1 %r(aniJati%n. '%mmuni'ati%ns an* rep%rtin(
1 na)i(ati%n an* p%siti%nin(. in'lu*in( an'/%rs an* an'/%r /an*lin( %r *ynami' p%siti%nin(
1 installati%n pr%'e*ures Csee B"004
1 pre-'%mmissi%nin( pr%'e*ures Csee B#004
1 '%ntin(en'y pr%'e*ures Csee B;004
1 sprea*. in'lu*in( m%*i+i'ati%ns an* up(ra*in(. i+ any
1 pipeline '%n+i(urati%n m%nit%rin(. p%siti%nin( an* '%ntr%l a'ti)ities. in'lu*in( re'%r*in( an* rep%rtin(
1 %peratin( limit '%n*iti%ns imp%se* by en)ir%nmental l%a*s
1 installati%n analyses in'lu*in( +ati(ue +%rmin( t/e basis +%r t/e %peratin( limit '%n*iti%ns
1 installati%n %+ in-line assemblies
1 %perati%ns in areas %+ parti'ular '%n'ern
1 limitati%ns imp%se* by stru'tural stren(t/ in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e *esi(n
1 2uali+i'ati%n %+ pers%nnel
1 essential )ariable in'lu*in( a''eptable limits-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
Areas %+ parti'ular '%n'ern may typi'ally in'lu*e s/ippin( lanes. e:istin( %r +uture subsea installati%n. s/%re appr%a'/
%r 'r%ssin(s-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
F%r t%,in( %perati%ns t/e installati%n manual s/all typi'ally in'lu*e a *es'ripti%n %+ t%,in( )esselCs4 in'lu*in(
'apa'ities. e2uipment an* instrumentati%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*& Essential )ariables an* t/eir a''eptable limits s/all be establis/e* +%r 'ases ,/ere )ariati%ns in manner
%+ per+%rman'e %+ an a'ti)ity may (i)e un*esirable results- Essential )ariables s/all as minimum be establis/e*
+%r0
1 All%,able )ariati%ns in '%n+i(urati%n '%ntr%l parameters ,/ere )ariati%ns bey%n* establis/e* limits may
'ause 'riti'al '%n*iti%ns *urin( installati%n
1 )ariati%ns in e2uipment settin(sIper+%rman'e t/at 'an 'ause %r a((ra)ate 'riti'al '%n*iti%ns
1 '/an(es in ,el*in( G%int *esi(n an* pr%'ess parameters bey%n* t/at all%,e* in Appen*i:
1 '/an(es in NDT met/%*. NDT e2uipment an* NDT e2uipment 'alibrati%n bey%n* t/at all%,e* in
Appen*i: D an* Appen*i: E
1 ,el* repair len(t/sI*ept/s in areas ,/ere t/e pipe is subGe't t% ben*in( m%mentsIa:ial stress- T/e
ma:imum len(t/I*ept/ %+ e:'a)ati%n s/all be *etermine* by stress analyses
1 +iel* G%int '%atin( pr%'e*ure
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
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1 %peratin( limit '%n*iti%ns
1 any %t/er re2uirement *ue t% t/e nature %+ t/e %perati%ns-
)*2 T/e )ali*ity %+ t/e installati%n manual is limite* t% t/e lay-)esselIsprea* ,/ere t/e 2uali+i'ati%n ,as
per+%rme* an* t% t/e pipeline %r se'ti%n %+ pipeline in 2uesti%n-
4** ;ns%alla%i!n (r!ce"'res
4*) T/e installati%n %ntra't%r s/all prepare installati%n pr%'e*ures-
G'i"ance n!%eF
In 'ase se)eral %ntra't%rs are use*. t/e installati%n pr%'e*ures s/all be /arm%nise*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e installati%n pr%'e*ures s/all be a(ree* bet,een %ntra't%r an* Operat%r. an* up*ate* an* re)ise*
as +%un* ne'essary-
4*8 T/e installati%n pr%'e*ures s/all *es'ribe t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 purp%se an* s'%pe %+ t/e a'ti)ity
1 resp%nsibilities
1 materials. e2uipment an* *%'uments t% be use*
1 /%, t/e a'ti)ity is per+%rme* in %r*er t% meet spe'i+ie* re2uirements an* a''eptan'e 'riteria
1 /%, t/e a'ti)ity is '%ntr%lle* an* *%'umente*-
4*4 T/e installati%n pr%'e*ures s/all '%)er all re2uirements in Se'-10-
4*# T/e +%ll%,in( pr%'e*ures s/all be establis/e*0
1 emer(en'y pr%'e*ures
1 m%bilisati%n pr%'e*ures
1 %perati%nal pr%'e*ures '%)erin( all p/ases %+ installati%n ,%r&
1 )eri+i'ati%n pr%'e*ures
1 ,el*in( an* NDT e2uipment an* pr%'e*ures in'lu*in( repair
1 pipe an* e2uipment /an*lin( an* li+tin(. /aulin(. sta'&in( an* st%ra(e pr%'e*ures
1 pipe tra'&in( pr%'e*ures
1 pre-'%mmissi%nin( an* '%mmissi%nin( pr%'e*ures-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Operati%nal pr%'e*ures may typi'ally in'lu*e '%n+i(urati%n an* ali(nment '%ntr%l. an'/%r /an*lin(. +iel* G%int
'%atin(. tensi%nin( /an*lin(. ROV '%ntr%l. an%*e atta'/ment. '%ntr%l %+ ,ei(/t an* bu%yan'y *istributi%n. '%ntr%l
%+ pipe r%tati%ns. installati%n %+ in-line assemblies. l%a*in( an* sp%%lin( pipe %nt% t/e reel. pipe strai(/tenin( an*
un*er,ater %perati%ns-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8** 9re-c!$$issi!ning (r!ce"'res
8*) T/e installati%n %ntra't%r s/all prepare pre-'%mmissi%nin( pr%'e*ures-
G'i"ance n!%eF
In 'ase se)eral %ntra't%rs are use*. t/e pre-'%mmissi%nin( pr%'e*ures s/all be /arm%nise*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*4 T/e pre-'%mmissi%nin( pr%'e*ures s/all be a(ree* bet,een %ntra't%r an* Operat%r. an* up*ate* an*
re)ise* as +%un* ne'essary-
8*8 T/e pre-'%mmissi%nin( pr%'e*ures s/all be prepare* +%r t/e pre-'%mmissi%nin( a'ti)ities %+ t/e
submarine pipeline system. '%)erin( all testin( a'ti)ities t/at may be per+%rme*- T/e testin( s/all be '%n*u'te*
t% )eri+y t/at t/e submarine pipeline system meet t/e re2uirements %+ t/is stan*ar*- T/e pre-'%mmissi%nin(
pr%'e*ures s/all '%ntain su++i'ient *etail t% enable +ull un*erstan*in( %+ testin( met/%*s an* pr%'e*ures.
in'lu*in( a''eptan'e 'riteria- It s/all als% pr%)i*e re+eren'es t% rele)ant spe'i+i'ati%ns. test plans an*
en(ineerin( *%'uments appli'able +%r t/e submarine pipeline system-
8*4 T/e pre-'%mmissi%nin( pr%'e*ures s/all state t/e type an* e:tent %+ )eri+i'ati%n. testin(. a''eptan'e
'riteria. re'%r*s. *%'umentati%n an* 'erti+i'ati%n re2uire* +%r t/e '%mp%nents %+ t/e submarine pipeline
system- It s/all als% pr%)i*e re+eren'es t% rele)ant spe'i+i'ati%ns. test plans an* en(ineerin( *%'uments
appli'able +%r t/e pipeline system-
4** C!n%ingenc7 (r!ce"'res
4*) T/e installati%n %ntra't%r s/all prepare '%ntin(en'y pr%'e*ures-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
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G'i"ance n!%eF
In 'ase se)eral %ntra't%rs are use*. t/e '%ntin(en'y pr%'e*ures s/all be /arm%nise*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e '%ntin(en'y pr%'e*ures s/all be a(ree* bet,een %ntra't%r an* Operat%r. an* up*ate* an* re)ise*
as +%un* ne'essary-
4*8 %ntin(en'y pr%'e*ures s/all be prepare* +%r all installati%n a'ti)ities-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
%ntin(en'y pr%'e*ures may typi'ally in'lu*e +ailure %+ *ynami' p%siti%nin( system. +ailure %+ an'/%rs %r an'/%r
lines. '%atin( repair. an%*e repair. +ailure %+ tensi%nin( system. ROV brea&*%,n. brea&*%,n %+ p%siti%nin( system.
,eat/er '%n*iti%ns in e:'ess %+ %peratin( limit '%n*iti%ns. t/ir* party marine a'ti)ity an* 'riti'al %r emer(en'y
situati%ns i*enti+ie* in F6EA %r HAUOP stu*ies-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
F%r installati%n met/%*s intr%*u'in( plasti' strains restri'ti%ns t% p%tential '%ntin(en'y 'y'li' plasti' l%a*in( s/all be
*es'ribe*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
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SECT;ON ))
O9ERAT;ONS AND A3ANDONMENT
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is se'ti%n pr%)i*es minimum re2uirements +%r t/e sa+e an* reliable %perati%n %+ submarine pipeline
systems +%r t/e ,/%le ser)i'e li+e ,it/ its main +%'us %n t/e pipeline inte(rity mana(ement system an* t/e
pipeline inte(rity mana(ement pr%'ess-
)*4 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r inte(rity mana(ement %+ submarine pipeline systems is (i)en in DNV-RP-
F11>-
A 4** Sc!(e an" a((lica%i!n
4*) T/e inte(rity mana(ement system '%mprises a '%re inte(rity mana(ement pr%'ess an* a number %+
supp%rt elements Csee Fi(ure 1 an* 1004-
Fig're )
;n%egri%7 $anage$en% s7s%e$
4*4 T/e '%re pipeline inte(rity mana(ement pr%'ess is t/e '%mbine* pr%'ess %+ t/reat i*enti+i'ati%n. ris&
assessments. plannin(. m%nit%rin(. inspe'ti%n. maintenan'e et'- t% maintain pipeline inte(rity-
4*8 Operatin( sa+ely is interprete* as %peratin( t% meet t/e limit state 'riteria as establis/e* in *esi(n an*
up*ate* t/r%u(/ t/e pr%Ge't p/ases an* ser)i'e li+e-
4*4 T/e PI6 prin'iples an* met/%*%l%(y are appli'able t% pipeline systems in (eneral-
A 8** S7s%e$a%ic re-ie1 !+ ris0s
8*) T/e %)erall re2uirement t% systemati' re)ie, %+ ris&s in Se'-" is '%mplie* ,it/ t/r%u(/ t/e Ris&
Assessment an* Inte(rity 6ana(ement CI64 Plannin( a'ti)ity t/at is part %+ t/e inte(rity mana(ement pr%'ess
E see A"0" an* D"00-
A 4** Res(!nsi6ili%ies
4*) Pipeline inte(rity mana(ement is t/e resp%nsibility %+ t/e Pipeline Operat%r- T/e Pipeline Operat%r nee*s
t% ensure t/at t/e inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline is n%t '%mpr%mise*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
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!ec.$$ perations and *bandonment - 0age $6%
4*4 At all times *urin( t/e %perati%nal li+e %+ t/e pipeline system. resp%nsibilities must be 'learly *e+ine*
an* all%'ate*-
A #** A'%h!ri%7 an" (i(eline !(era%!r re<'ire$en%s
#*) T/e rele)ant nati%nal re2uirements s/all be i*enti+ie* an* ensure* t/at t/ey are '%mplie* ,it/-
#*4 T/e rele)ant Pipeline Operat%r re2uirements s/%ul* be '%mplie* ,it/ ,/en plannin( an* per+%rmin(
pipeline inte(rity mana(ement a'ti)ities-
A 5** Sa+e%7 (hil!s!(h7
5*) T/e sa+ety p/il%s%p/y a*%pte* in *esi(n. an* '%nsistent ,it/ Se'-". s/all apply-
5*4 Desi(n an* %peratin( premises an* re2uirements s/all be i*enti+ie* pri%r t% start %+ %perati%n an*
up*ate* *urin( t/e ser)i'e li+e- T/ese premises an* re2uirements may be lin&e* t%0
1 pressure. temperature an* +l%, rate
1 +lui* '%mp%siti%n C'%ntent %+ ,ater. O
"
. H
"
S et'-4
1 san*
1 '%)er *ept/s
1 +ree spans len(t/ an* /ei(/t
1 pipeline '%n+i(urati%n Ce-(- sna&in(4
1 %t/ers-
A '/an(e in *esi(n basis ,ill in (eneral re2uire a re-2uali+i'ati%n. see E-
5*8 It s/all be )eri+ie* t/at *esi(n an* %peratin( premises an* re2uirements are +ul+ille*- I+ t/is is n%t t/e
'ase. appr%priate a'ti%ns s/all be ta&en t% brin( t/e pipeline system ba'& t% a sa+e '%n*iti%n-
5*4 A ris& base* pipeline inte(rity mana(ement p/il%s%p/y. ,/i'/ ta&es int% a''%unt b%t/ pr%bability %+
+ailure an* '%nse2uen'e %+ +ailure. s/%ul* be applie*-
3. C!$$issi!ning
3 )** General
)*) %mmissi%nin( is t/e set %+ a'ti)ities ass%'iate* ,it/ t/e initial +illin( %+ t/e pipeline system ,it/ t/e
+lui* t% be transp%rte*. an* is part %+ t/e %perati%nal p/ase- D%'umentati%n an* pr%'e*ures +%r '%mmissi%nin(
are spe'i+ie* in Se'-1" E-
)*4 T/is sub-se'ti%n s/all als% apply +%r pipeline re-'%mmissi%nin(-
3 4** Fl'i" +illing
4*) Durin( +lui* +illin(. 'are s/all be ta&en t% pre)ent e:pl%si)e mi:tures an*. in t/e 'ase %+ (as %r
'%n*ensate. t% a)%i* /y*rate +%rmati%n- T/e inGe'ti%n rate s/all be '%ntr%lle* s% t/at pressure an* temperature
*% n%t e:'ee* all%,able limits Cas (i)en in *esi(n %r re-2uali+i'ati%n4 +%r t/e pipeline material %r *e, p%int
'%n*iti%ns-
3 8** O(era%i!nal -eri+ica%i!n
8*) A+ter stable pr%*u'ti%n /as been rea'/e* it s/all be )eri+ie* t/at t/e %perati%nal limits are ,it/in *esi(n
'%n*iti%ns- Imp%rtant issues 'an be0
1 +l%, parameters Cpressure. temperature. et'-4
1 P-system
1 e:pansi%n
1 m%)ement
1 lateral sna&in(
1 +ree span an* e:p%sure-
8*4 S'/e*ulin( %+ t/e +irst inspe'ti%n %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness +%r pipelines *esi(ne* +%r inspe'ti%n pi((in( s/all
be e)aluate* base* %n t/e
1 '%rr%si)ity %+ t/e +lui*
1 e:pe'te* %perati%nal parameters
1 r%bustness %+ t/e internal '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n system Cin/ibit%r system4
1 '%rr%si%n all%,an'e use* in t/e *esi(n
1 e++e'ti)eness %+ t/e 5AI5 system applie* *urin( +abri'ati%n an* '%nstru'ti%n. an*
1 *e+e't siJin( 'apabilities %+ t/e inspe'ti%n t%%l t/at ,ill be use* *urin( %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$$ perations and *bandonment - 0age $6$
C. ;n%egri%7 Manage$en% S7s%e$
C )** General
)*) T/e Pipeline Operat%r s/all establis/ an* maintain an inte(rity mana(ement system ,/i'/ '%mplies ,it/
rele)ant aut/%rity re2uirements Csee A=004 an* in'lu*es t/e +%ll%,in( elements as a minimum Csee Fi(ure 140
1 Pipeline Operat%r p%li'y
1 %r(anisati%n an* pers%nnel
1 mana(ement %+ '/an(e
1 %perati%nal '%ntr%ls an* pr%'e*ures
1 '%ntin(en'y plans
1 rep%rtin( an* '%mmuni'ati%n
1 au*it an* re)ie,
1 in+%rmati%n mana(ement
1 t/e inte(rity mana(ement pr%'ess Csee D4-
T/e '%re %+ t/e inte(rity mana(ement system is t/e inte(rity mana(ement pr%'ess- T/e %t/er elements mainly
supp%rt t/is '%re pr%'ess-
)*4 D%'uments +%r t/e %perati%nal p/ase are spe'i+ie* in Se'-1"-
)*8 Spe'i+i'ati%n %+ ,%r& pr%'esses s/%ul* be t/e basis +%r *e+initi%n %+ pr%'e*ures-
)*4 T/e *etaile* pr%'e*ures +%r %perati%n. inspe'ti%ns an* repairs s/all be establis/e* pri%r t% start-up %+
%perati%n-
)*# Pr%'e*ures '%)erin( n%n-r%utine %r spe'ial a'ti)ities. s/all be prepare* as re2uire*. e-(- in 'ase %+ maG%r
repairs. m%*i+i'ati%ns et'-
C 4** 9i(eline !(era%!r (!lic7
4*) T/e Pipeline Operat%r p%li'y +%r pipeline inte(rity mana(ement s/%ul* set t/e )alues an* belie+s t/at t/e
Pipeline Operat%r /%l*s. an* (ui*e pe%ple in /%, t/ese are t% be realiJe*-
C 8** Organisa%i!n an" (ers!nnel
8*) T/e r%les an* resp%nsibilities %+ pers%nnel in)%l)e* in inte(rity mana(ement %+ t/e pipeline system s/all
be 'learly *e+ine*-
8*4 Resp%nsibility inter+a'es bet,een *i++erent %r(anisati%n units is parti'ularly imp%rtant- Su'/ inter+a'es
s/all be mana(e* an* imp%rtant areas t/at nee* t% be /an*le* are0
1 ,ell *e+ine* battery limits
1 (%)ernment re(ulat%ry resp%nsibilities an* statut%ry re(ulati%ns
1 emer(en'y resp%nse. in'lu*in( '%ntin(en'y plannin( an* resp%n*in( t% emer(en'ies-
8*8 Trainin( nee*s s/all be i*enti+ie* an* trainin( s/all be pr%)i*e* +%r rele)ant pers%nnel in relati%n t%
mana(ement %+ pipeline inte(rity-
C 4** Manage$en% !+ change
4*) 6%*i+i'ati%ns %+ t/e pipeline system s/all be subGe't t% a mana(ement %+ '/an(e pr%'e*ure t/at must
a**ress t/e '%ntinuin( sa+e %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system- D%'umentati%n %+ '/an(es an* '%mmuni'ati%n t%
t/%se ,/% nee* t% &n%, is essential-
4*4 I+ t/e %peratin( '%n*iti%ns are '/an(e* relati)e t% t/e *esi(n premises. a re-2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e pipeline
system a''%r*in( t% sub-se'ti%n E s/all be 'arrie* %ut-
C #** O(era%i!nal c!n%r!ls an" (r!ce"'res
#*) Rele)ant %perati%nal '%ntr%ls an* pr%'e*ures are0
1 start-up an* s/ut*%,n pr%'e*ures
1 'leanin( an* %t/er maintenan'e. e-(- pi((in(
1 '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l
1 m%nit%rin(
1 sa+ety e2uipment an* pressure '%ntr%l system-
#*4 6easures s/all be in pla'e t% ensure t/at 'riti'al +lui* parameters are &ept ,it/in t/e spe'i+ie* *esi(n
limits- As a minimum. t/e +%ll%,in( parameters s/%ul* be '%ntr%lle* %r m%nit%re*0
1 pressure an* temperature at inlet an* %utlet %+ t/e pipeline
1 *e, p%int +%r (as lines
1 +lui* '%mp%siti%n. +l%, rate. *ensity an* )is'%sity-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$$ perations and *bandonment - 0age $6&
#*8 All sa+ety e2uipment in t/e pipeline system. in'lu*in( pressure '%ntr%l an* %)er-pressure pr%te'ti%n
*e)i'es. emer(en'y s/ut*%,n systems an* aut%mati' s/%,*%,n )al)es. s/all be peri%*i'ally teste* an*
inspe'te*- T/e inspe'ti%n s/all )eri+y t/at t/e inte(rity %+ t/e sa+ety e2uipment is inta't an* t/at t/e e2uipment
'an per+%rm t/e sa+ety +un'ti%n as spe'i+ie*-
#*4 Sa+ety e2uipment in '%nne'tin( pipin( systems s/all be subGe't t% re(ular testin( an* inspe'ti%n-
#*# F%r pressure '%ntr%l *urin( n%rmal %perati%ns. see Se'-# D"00-
#*5 Operati%nal '%ntr%l s/all ensure t/at *esi(n temperature limits are n%t e:'ee*e*- I+ t/e *esi(n is base*
%n a '%nstant temperature al%n( t/e ,/%le r%ute. '%ntr%l %+ inlet temperature ,ill be su++i'ient- I+ t/e *esi(n is
base* %n a temperature pr%+ile +%r t/e pipeline. a**iti%nal measures may be re2uire*-
C 5** C!n%ingenc7 (lans
5*) Plans an* pr%'e*ures +%r emer(en'y situati%ns s/all be establis/e* an* maintaine* base* %n a systemati'
e)aluati%n %+ p%ssible s'enari%s-
C &** Re(!r%ing an" c!$$'nica%i!n
&*) A plan +%r rep%rtin( an* '%mmuni'ati%n t% empl%yees. mana(ement. aut/%rities. 'ust%mers. publi' an*
%t/ers s/all be establis/e* an* maintaine*- T/is '%)ers b%t/ re(ular rep%rtin( an* '%mmuni'ati%n. an*
rep%rtin( in '%nne'ti%n ,it/ '/an(es. spe'ial +in*in(s. emer(en'ies et'-
C 2** A'"i% an" re-ie1
2*) Au*its an* re)ie,s %+ t/e pipeline inte(rity mana(ement system s/all be '%n*u'te* re(ularly-
2*4 T/e +%'us in re)ie,s s/%ul* be %n0
1 e++e'ti)eness an* suitability %+ t/e system
1 impr%)ements t% be implemente*-
2*8 T/e +%'us in au*its s/%ul* be %n0
1 '%mplian'e ,it/ re(ulat%ry an* Pipeline Operat%r re2uirements
1 re'ti+i'ati%ns t% be implemente*-
C :** ;n+!r$a%i!n $anage$en%
:*) A system +%r '%lle'ti%n %+ /ist%ri'al *ata. an in-ser)i'e +ile. s/all be establis/e* an* maintaine* +%r t/e
,/%le ser)i'e li+e. see Se'-1" A10# an* Se'-1" F"01- T/e in-ser)i'e +ile ,ill typi'ally '%nsist %+ *%'uments.
*ata +iles an* *ata bases-
:*4 T/e in-ser)i'e +ile. t%(et/er ,it/ t/e DFI-resume. s/all be t/e basis +%r +uture inspe'ti%n plannin(-
:*8 T/e in-ser)i'e +ile an* t/e DFI-resume s/all be easily retrie)able in 'ase %+ an emer(en'y situati%n-
:*4 T/e *%'uments. *ata an* in+%rmati%n s/all be mana(e* as *es'ribe* in Se'-1" F an* 1" I-
D. ;n%egri%7 Manage$en% 9r!cess
D )** General
)*) T/e inte(rity mana(ement pr%'ess '%nsists %+ t/e +%ll%,in( steps Csee Fi(ure 140
a4 Ris& Assessment an* I6 Plannin( E B%n( term plannin( base* %n e)aluati%ns %+ t/reats an* t/e '%n*iti%n
%+ t/e pipeline system-
b4 Inspe'ti%n. 6%nit%rin( an* Testin( E Plan. '%n*u't an* *%'ument su'/ a'ti)ities-
'4 Inte(rity Assessment - Inte(rity assessment usin( re'%(nise* met/%*s an* base* %n *esi(n *ata an*
%perati%nal e:perien'e-
*4 6iti(ati%n. Inter)enti%n an* Repair - Assess nee* +%r. an* '%n*u't i+ nee*e*. inter)enti%n an* repair
a'ti)ities an* %t/er miti(atin( a'ti%ns-
T/is pr%'ess s/all be per+%rme* peri%*i'ally ,it/in re(ular inter)als-
)*4 T/e re2uirements +%r '%rr%si%n inspe'ti%n an* m%nit%rin(. an* t/e 'apability %+ %pti%nal te'/ni2ues.
s/all be e)aluate* at an early sta(e %+ pipeline system *esi(n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Pipelines an* risers manu+a'ture* +r%m %rr%si%n Resistant All%ys CRA4 *% n%t n%rmally re2uire inspe'ti%n an*
m%nit%rin( %+ internal '%rr%si%n- T/is must be e)aluate* in ea'/ parti'ular 'ase-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*8 An inspe'ti%n an* m%nit%rin( p/il%s%p/y s/all be establis/e*. an* s/all +%rm t/e basis +%r t/e *etaile*
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$$ perations and *bandonment - 0age $6'
inspe'ti%n an* m%nit%rin( pr%(ram- T/e p/il%s%p/y s/all be e)aluate* e)ery = t% 10 years-
)*4 All inspe'ti%n an* m%nit%rin( re2uirements i*enti+ie* *urin( t/e *esi(n p/ase as a++e'tin( sa+ety an*
reliability *urin( %perati%n s/all be '%)ere* in t/e inspe'ti%n an* m%nit%rin( pr%(ram. see Se'-# D100 an*
Se'-= !#00-
)*# A spe'ial in)esti(ati%n s/all be per+%rme* in 'ase %+ any e)ent ,/i'/ impairs t/e sa+ety. reliability.
stren(t/ %r stability %+ t/e pipeline system- T/is in)esti(ati%n may initiate +urt/er inspe'ti%ns-
)*5 I+ me'/ani'al *ama(e %r %t/er abn%rmalities are *ete'te* *urin( t/e peri%*i' inspe'ti%n. a pr%per
e)aluati%n %+ t/e *ama(e s/all be per+%rme*. ,/i'/ may in'lu*e a**iti%nal inspe'ti%ns-
D 4** Ris0 assess$en% an" in%egri%7 $anage$en% (lanning - e-al'a%i!n !+ %hrea%s an" c!n"i%i!n
4*) An assessment %+ rele)ant ris&s by usin( 2ualitati)e an*I%r 2uantitati)e met/%*s s/all be per+%rme* an*
use* t% *e)el%p l%n( term plansIstrate(ies +%r t/e *i++erent inte(rity mana(ement a'ti)ities- Spe'i+i'
re2uirements ass%'iate* t% t/ese a'ti)ities ,it/ re(ar* t% su'/ l%n( term plansIstrate(ies are +%un* in D#00 t%
D=00-
4*4 Data +r%m *esi(n an* %perati%n is t/e basis +%r su'/ assessments-
4*8 T/reats s/all be systemati'ally i*enti+ie*. assesse* an* *%'umente* t/r%u(/%ut t/e %perati%nal li+etime-
T/is s/all be *%ne +%r ea'/ se'ti%n al%n( t/e pipeline an* +%r '%mp%nents- E:amples %+ typi'al t/reats are0
1 internal '%rr%si%n
1 e:ternal '%rr%si%n
1 +ree spans
1 bu'&les
1 impa't *ama(e-
A m%re t/%r%u(/ list %+ t/reats an* relate* *ama(es I an%malies is +%un* in DNV-RP-F11>-
4*4 A l%n( term inspe'ti%n pr%(ramme re+le'tin( t/e %)erall sa+ety %bGe'ti)e +%r t/e pipeline s/all be
establis/e*. an* s/all be maintaine*Iup*ate* %n a re(ular basis- T/e +%ll%,in( s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere*0
1 %perati%n '%n*iti%ns %+ t/e pipeline
1 '%nse2uen'es %+ +ailure
1 li&eli/%%* %+ +ailure
1 inspe'ti%n met/%*s
1 *esi(n an* +un'ti%n %+ t/e pipeline-
T/e l%n( term pr%(ram s/all state t/e p/il%s%p/y use* +%r maintainin( t/e inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline system an*
,ill +%rm t/e basis +%r t/e *etaile* inspe'ti%n pr%(ram in terms %+ inspe'ti%n met/%*s an* inter)als-
4*# T/e l%n( term inspe'ti%n pr%(ram s/all '%)er t/e entire pipeline system a''%r*in( t% t/e Pipeline
Operat%rAs e2uipment s'%pe in'lu*in( pipeline an* any '%mp%nents a''%r*in( t% t/e *e+initi%ns "H1. #;1
an* #;" in Se'-1-
D 8** ;ns(ec%i!n= $!ni%!ring an" %es%ing
!"ternal inspection / Pipeline configuration survey
8*) A pipeline '%n+i(urati%n sur)ey is a sur)ey t% *etermine t/e p%siti%n. '%n+i(urati%n an* '%n*iti%n %+ t/e
pipeline an* its '%mp%nents-
8*4 T/e start-up e:ternal inspe'ti%ns s/%ul* be '%mplete* ,it/in %ne year +r%m start %+ pr%*u'ti%n. see
!#00- In 'ase %+ si(ni+i'ant in'rease in temperature. pressure %r +l%, rate a+ter t/is +irst inspe'ti%n. t/e nee* %+
a**iti%nal inspe'ti%ns s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere*-
8*8 A *etaile* e:ternal inspe'ti%n plan in'lu*in( spe'i+i'ati%ns +%r t/e inspe'ti%ns s/all be prepare* +%r ea'/
sur)ey- T/e *etaile* inspe'ti%n plan s/%ul* be up*ate* base* %n pre)i%us inspe'ti%ns as re2uire*-
8*4 Pipeline systems t/at are temp%rarily %ut %+ ser)i'e s/all als% be subGe't t% peri%*i'al sur)ey-
8*# E:ternal Inspe'ti%n s/all be 'arrie* %ut t% ensure t/at t/e *esi(n re2uirements remain +ul+ille* an* t/at
n% *ama(e /as %''urre*- T/e inspe'ti%n pr%(ram s/%ul*. as a minimum. a**ress0
1 e:p%sure an* burial *ept/ %+ burie* %r '%)ere* lines. i+ re2uire* by *esi(n. re(ulati%ns %r %t/er spe'i+i'
re2uirements
1 +ree spans in'lu*in( mappin( %+ len(t/. /ei(/t an* en*-supp%rt '%n*iti%ns
1 '%n*iti%n %+ arti+i'ial supp%rts installe* t% re*u'e +ree span
1 l%'al seabe* s'%ur a++e'tin( t/e pipeline inte(rity %r atta'/e* stru'tures
1 san* ,a)e m%)ements a++e'tin( t/e pipeline inte(rity
1 e:'essi)e pipe m%)ements in'lu*in( e:pansi%n e++e'ts
1 i*enti+i'ati%n %+ areas ,/ere up/ea)al bu'&lin( %r e:'essi)e lateral bu'&lin( /as ta&en pla'e
1 inte(rity %+ me'/ani'al '%nne'ti%ns an* +lan(es
1 inte(rity %+ sub-sea )al)es in'lu*in( pr%te'ti)e stru'ture
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$$ perations and *bandonment - 0age $61
1 R- an* Tee '%nne'ti%ns in'lu*in( pr%te'ti)e stru'ture
1 pipeline settlement in 'ase %+ e:p%se* pipeline. parti'ularly at t/e )al)eITee l%'ati%ns
1 t/e inte(rity %+ pipeline pr%te'ti%n '%)ers Ce-(- mattresses. '%)ers. san* ba(s. (ra)el sl%pes. et'-4
1 me'/ani'al *ama(e t% pipe. '%atin(s an* an%*es
1 maG%r *ebris %n. %r 'l%se t%. t/e pipeline t/at may 'ause *ama(e t% t/e pipeline %r t/e e:ternal '%rr%si%n
pr%te'ti%n system
1 lea&a(e-
8*5 T/e risers s/all be part %+ t/e l%n(-term e:ternal inspe'ti%n pr%(ramme +%r t/e pipeline system- In
a**iti%n t% t/e (enerally appli'able re2uirements +%r pipeline inspe'ti%n. spe'ial attenti%n s/all be (i)en t% t/e
+%ll%,in( elements +%r riser inspe'ti%ns0
1 riser *ispla'ement *ue t% pipeline e:pansi%n %r +%un*ati%n settlement
1 '%atin( *ama(e
1 te'/ni2ue +%r '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l %+ any risers in 'l%se* '%n*uits %r 7-tubes
1 e:tent %+ marine (r%,t/
1 e:tent %+ any pre)i%us *ama(e *ue t% '%rr%si%n
1 inte(rity an* +un'ti%nality %+ riser supp%rts an* (ui*es
1 inte(rity an* +un'ti%nality %+ pr%te'tin( stru'ture-
8*& T/e +re2uen'y %+ +uture e:ternal inspe'ti%ns s/all be *etermine* base* up%n an assessment %+0
1 aut/%rity an* Pipeline Operat%r re2uirements
1 *e(ra*ati%n me'/anisms an* +ailure m%*es
1 li&eli/%%* an* '%nse2uen'es %+ +ailure
1 results +r%m pre)i%us inspe'ti%ns
1 '/an(es in t/e %perati%nal parameters
1 re-2uali+i'ati%n a'ti)ity an* results
1 repair an* m%*i+i'ati%ns
1 subse2uent pipelay %perati%n in t/e )i'inity-
8*2 riti'al se'ti%ns %+ t/e pipeline system )ulnerable t% *ama(e %r subGe't t% maG%r '/an(es in t/e seabe*
'%n*iti%ns i-e- supp%rt an*I%r burial %+ t/e pipeline. s/all be inspe'te* e:ternally at s/%rt inter)als. n%rmally %n
an annual basis- T/e remainin( se'ti%ns s/%ul* als% be inspe'te*. ensurin( a +ull '%)era(e %+ t/e entire pipeline
system ,it/in a suitable peri%*. n%rmally n%t m%re t/an = years-
8*: F%r risers '%ntaine* in 7-tubes +ille* ,it/ n%n-'%rr%si)e +lui*. e:ternal inspe'ti%n %+ e:ternal '%rr%si%n
may n%t be re2uire* i+ a*e2uate pr%perties %+ t/e +lui* is )eri+ie* by peri%*i' testin(-
!"ternal inspection / Risers in the splash ,one and the atmospheric ,one
8)* In t/e splas/ J%ne an* in t/e atm%sp/eri' J%ne. *ama(e* an*I%r *isb%n*e* '%atin(s 'an 'ause se)ere
'%rr%si%n *ama(e- Risers 'arryin( /%t +lui*s are m%st )ulnerable t% su'/ *ama(e-
8)) In t/e splas/ an* atm%sp/eri' J%nes. )isual e:aminati%n %+ t/e '%atin( s/%ul* be per+%rme* in %r*er t%
assess t/e nee*s +%r pre)enti)e maintenan'e- !esi*es )isual in*i'ati%ns %+ *ire't *ama(e t% t/e '%atin(. e++e'ts
su'/ as rust *is'%l%rati%n an* bul(in( %r 'ra'&in( %+ t/e '%atin( are in*i'ati)e %+ un*er-rustin(- %atin(
systems ,/i'/ pre)ent 'l%se inspe'ti%n %+ un*er-'%atin( '%rr%si%n s/all re2uire spe'ial '%nsi*erati%n-
8)4 T/e +re2uen'y %+ t/e e:ternal inspe'ti%n in t/e splas/ J%ne %+ risers s/all be *etermine* base* %n t/e
+lui* 'ate(%ry. t/e line pipe material. '%atin( pr%perties an* any '%rr%si%n all%,an'e-
!"ternal inspection / Pipelines and risers in the submerged ,one
8)8 In t/e submer(e* J%ne. '%atin( mal+un'ti%ns are n%t 'riti'al unless t/ey are '%mbine* ,it/ *e+i'ien'y
in t/e 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n system-
8)4 T% a lar(e e:tent. inspe'ti%n %+ e:ternal '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n %+ pipelines an* risers ,it/ sa'ri+i'ial
an%*es 'an be limite* t% inspe'ti%n %+ t/e '%n*iti%n %+ an%*es- E:'essi)e an%*e '%nsumpti%n is in*i'ati)e %+
'%atin( *e+i'ien'ies. e:'ept 'l%se t% plat+%rms. templates an* %t/er stru'tures ,/ere 'urrent *rain may lea* t%
premature '%nsumpti%n %+ a*Ga'ent pipe an%*es-
8)# P%tential measurements %n an%*es. an* at any '%atin( *ama(e e:p%sin( bare pipe metal. may be 'arrie*
%ut t% )eri+y a*e2uate pr%te'ti%n- Ele'tri' +iel* (ra*ient measurements in t/e )i'inity %+ an%*es may be use*
+%r semi-2uantitati)e assessments %+ an%*e 'urrent %utputs-
8)5 F%r pipelines ,it/ impresse* 'urrent 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n systems. measurements %+ pr%te'ti%n p%tentials
s/all. at minimum. be 'arrie* %ut at l%'ati%ns 'l%sest t%. an* m%st rem%te +r%m. t/e an%*eCs4-
8)& A sur)ey %+ t/e e:ternal '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n system. s/%ul* be 'arrie* %ut ,it/in %ne year %+ installati%n-
'nternal inspection / 'n(line inspection
8)2 In-line inspe'ti%n is 'arrie* %ut in %r*er t% '%n+irm t/e inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline system. primarily by
means %+ in situ ,all t/i'&ness measurements-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$$ perations and *bandonment - 0age $62
G'i"ance n!%eF
8n-pi((able pipelines are subGe't t% separate e)aluati%ns an* alternati)e met/%*s-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8): In-line inspe'ti%n s/%ul* be 'arrie* %ut ,it/ a 'arrier t%%l CSinspe'ti%n pi(T4 'apable %+ inspe'tin( t/e
internal an* e:ternal sur+a'e %+ t/e pipeline al%n( its +ull 'ir'um+eren'e an* len(t/. %r a 'riti'al part t/ere%+-
84* T/e te'/ni2ue +%r *ete'ti%n %+ internal an*I%r e:ternal '%rr%si%n s/all be sele'te* base* %n
'%nsi*erati%ns %+ +lui*. linepipe material. *iameter an* ,all t/i'&ness. e:pe'te* +%rm %+ *ama(e. an*
re2uirements t% *ete'ti%n limits an* *e+e't siJin( 'apability- T/e latter s/all be *etermine* base* %n pipeline
*esi(n an* %perati%nal parameters-
84) an*i*ate %perat%rs %+ inspe'ti%n t%%ls s/%ul* be re2uire* t% *%'ument t/e 'apability %+ t/eir systems
,it/ respe't t% *ete'ti%n limits an* siJin( %+ rele)ant '%rr%si%n *e+e'ts Cin'lu*in( l%'alise* '%rr%si%n at (irt/
,el*s4 +%r t/e pipe *imensi%ns '%nsi*ere*-
844 T/e +re2uen'y %+ in-line inspe'ti%ns s/all be *etermine* base* %n +a't%rs su'/ as0
1 aut/%rity an* Pipeline Operat%r re2uirements
1 li&eli/%%* an* '%nse2uen'es %+ +ailure
1 p%tential '%rr%si)ity %+ +lui*
1 p%tential +%r *e)el%pment %+ e:ternal '%rr%si%n at /%t-sp%ts su'/ as riserCs4 an* lan*+allI%ns/%re pipeline se'ti%ns
1 *ete'ti%n limits an* a''ura'y %+ inspe'ti%n system
1 results +r%m pre)i%us sur)eys an* m%nit%rin(
1 '/an(es in pipeline %perati%nal parameters. et'-
See als% !#00-
848 Inspe'ti%n by spe'ial internal t%%ls may be use* t% *ete't e:ternal '%rr%si%n %+ risers an* pipelines in all
t/ree J%nes Catm%sp/eri' I splas/ I submer(e*4 in'lu*in( risers '%ntaine* in 7-tubes. i+ re2uire*-
'nternal %orrosion $onitoring
844 T/e %bGe'ti)e %+ m%nit%rin( internal '%rr%si%n is t% '%n+irm t/at t/e +lui* remains n%n-'%rr%si)e %r. m%re
%+ten. t% assess t/e e++i'ien'y %+ any '%rr%si%n pre)enti)e measures. an* a''%r*in(ly t% i*enti+y re2uirements
+%r inspe'ti%n %+ '%rr%si%n-
84# %rr%si%n m%nit%rin( as *e+ine* ab%)e *%es n%t n%rmally (i)e any 2uantitati)e in+%rmati%n %+ 'riti'al
l%ss %+ ,all t/i'&ness- Alt/%u(/ m%nit%rin( may be 'arrie* %ut as a'tual ,all t/i'&ness measurements in a
sele'te* area. it 'ann%t repla'e pipeline inspe'ti%n s'/emes t/at '%)er t/e pipeline system. %r se'ti%n t/ere%+.
in its +ull len(t/ an* 'ir'um+eren'e- On t/e %t/er /an*. inspe'ti%n te'/ni2ues +%r internal '%rr%si%n are n%t
n%rmally sensiti)e en%u(/ t% repla'e m%nit%rin(-
845 T/e +%ll%,in( maG%r prin'iples %+ '%rr%si%n m%nit%rin( may be applie*0
1 +lui* analysesO i-e- m%nit%rin( %+ +lui* p/ysi'al parameters an* samplin( %+ +lui* +%r '/emi'al analysis %+
'%rr%si)e '%mp%nents. '%rr%si%n retar*in( a**iti%ns %r '%rr%si%n pr%*u'ts
1 '%rr%si%n pr%besO i-e- ,ei(/t l%ss '%up%ns %r %t/er retrie)able pr%bes +%r peri%*i' %r %n-line *eterminati%n
%+ '%rr%si%n rates
1 in-situ ,all t/i'&ness measurements. i-e- repeate* measurements %+ ,all t/i'&ness at *e+ine* l%'ati%ns
usin( p%rtable %r permanently installe* e2uipment-
84& Te'/ni2ues an* e2uipment +%r '%rr%si%n m%nit%rin( s/all be sele'te* base* up%n0
1 m%nit%rin( %bGe'ti)es. in'lu*in( re2uirements +%r a''ura'y an* sensiti)ity
1 +lui* '%rr%si)ity an* t/e '%rr%si%n pre)enti)e measures t% be applie*
1 p%tential '%rr%si%n me'/anisms-
842 A typi'al maG%r %bGe'ti)e %+ '%rr%si%n m%nit%rin( is t% *ete't '/an(es in eit/er intrinsi' '%rr%si)ity %+
t/e +lui*. %r in t/e e++i'ien'y %+ t/e '%rr%si%n pre)enti%n measures- F%r pipelines 'arryin( *ry Ci-e- +ully
pr%'esse*4 (as. inspe'ti%n %+ internal '%rr%si%n may be p%stp%ne* pr%)i*e* t/at m%nit%rin( *em%nstrates t/at
n% '%rr%si)e li2ui*s /a)e entere* t/e pipeline. %r been +%rme* by '%n*ensati%n *%,nstream %+ t/e inlet-
Testing
84: Testin( a'ti)ities may be spe'i+ie* t% be 'arrie* %ut *urin( t/e %perati%nal p/ase- Su'/ a'ti)ities s/all
be planne*. e:e'ute*. re)ie,e* an* *%'umente*- Testin( a'ti)ities may e-(- '%mprise0
1 system pressure testin(
1 /y*r%stati' testin(
1 (as %r me*ia testin(
1 s/ut-in testin(-
Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r testin( *urin( %perati%n is (i)en in DNV-RP-F11>-
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D 4** ;n%egri%7 assess$en%
4*) Pipeline systems ,it/ una''eptable *e+e'ts may be %perate* temp%rarily un*er t/e *esi(n '%n*iti%ns %r
re*u'e* %perati%nal '%n*iti%ns until t/e *e+e't /as been rem%)e* %r repair /as been 'arrie* %ut- It must.
/%,e)er. be *%'umente* t/at t/e pipeline inte(rity an* t/e spe'i+ie* sa+ety le)el is maintaine*. ,/i'/ may
in'lu*e re*u'e* %perati%nal '%n*iti%ns an*I%r temp%rary pre'auti%ns-
4*4 @/en a *e+e't is %bser)e*. an e)aluati%n s/all be per+%rme* in'lu*in(0
1 2uanti+y *etails %+ t/e *e+e't
1 i*enti+y 'ause %+ *e+e't
1 e)aluate a''ura'y an* un'ertainties in t/e inspe'ti%n results-
I+ t/e *e+e't is n%t a''eptable. t/en +urt/er e)aluati%ns in'lu*e0
1 %pti%ns +%r '%ntinue* %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system
1 repair met/%*s-
4*8 In ea'/ 'ase a t/%r%u(/ e)aluati%n %+ t/e *e+e't an* t/e impa't %n sa+ety an* reliability +%r t/e %perati%n
%+ t/e pipeline s/all be per+%rme*- T/e re2uirements (i)en in t/e +%ll%,in( se'ti%ns re(ar*in( re2uire* a'ti%ns.
e-(- (rin*in( %r repla'ement. may be ,ai)e* i+ it 'an be *%'umente* t/at t/e spe'i+ie* sa+ety le)el +%r t/e
pipeline system is n%t impaire*-
4*4 De+e'ts t/at a++e't t/e sa+ety %r reliability %+ t/e pipeline s/all eit/er be rem%)e* by 'uttin( %ut t/e
*ama(e* se'ti%n %+ t/e pipe %r repaire* by l%'al rein+%r'ement- Alternati)ely. t/e pipeline may be permanently
re-2uali+ie* t% l%,er %perati%nal '%n*iti%ns see E an* Se'-=. e-(- re*u'e* pressure. ,/i'/ may all%, +%r
%mittin( repair-
&ree spans
4*# Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r +ree spannin( pipelines is (i)en in DNV-RP-F10=-
Global buc.ling
4*5 I+ t/e *esi(n is base* %n '%ntr%lle* (l%bal bu'&lin( in'lu*in( plasti' strains. t/e pipeline s/%ul* be
)eri+ie* base* %n establis/e* *esi(n limits an* '%n*iti%ns C'ur)atures. strains. ben*in( m%ment4- I+ une:pe'te*
(l%bal bu'&lin( %''urs. utilisati%n %+ t/e pipeline s/%ul* be e)aluate* base* %n rele)ant +ailure m%*es-
Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r (l%bal bu'&lin( %+ submarine pipelines is (i)en in DNV-RP-F110-
Grooves+ gouges+ crac.s and notches
4*& S/arp *e+e'ts li&e (r%%)es. (%u(es. an* n%t'/es s/%ul* pre+erably be rem%)e* by (rin*in( %r %t/er
a(ree* repair met/%*s- F%r (r%un* *e+e'ts ,/ere all s/arp e*(es are '%n+irme* as rem%)e*. t/e *e+e't 'an be
re(ar*e* as a sm%%t/ metal l%ss *e+e't. see D;0F-
$etal loss defects
4*2 6etal l%ss *e+e'ts 'ause* by e-(- '%rr%si%n. er%si%n. %r (rin* repair s/all be '/e'&e* +%r 'apa'ity-
Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r '%rr%*e* pipelines is (i)en in DNV-RP-F101-
ents
4*: A *ent is *e+ine* as a *epressi%n ,/i'/ pr%*u'es a (r%ss *isturban'e in t/e 'ur)ature %+ t/e pipe ,all-
F%r *ent a''eptan'e 'riteria. see Se'-= D1#00-
D #** Mi%iga%i!n= in%er-en%i!n an" re(airs
#*) E:amples %+ miti(ati%n. inter)enti%n an* repairs are0
a4 miti(ati%n0
1 restri'ti%ns in %perati%nal parameters Cpressure. temperature. +l%, rate. +lui* '%mp%siti%n et'-4
1 use %+ '/emi'al inGe'ti%ns-
b4 inter)enti%n0
1 r%'& *umpin(
1 installati%n %+ pipeline pr%te'ti%n
1 tren'/in(-
'4 repairs0
1 l%'al rein+%r'ement C'lamps et'-4
1 repla'ement %+ pipeline parts-
All miti(ati%n. inter)enti%n an* repairs s/all be *%'umente*-
#*4 Repair an* m%*i+i'ati%n s/all n%t impair t/e sa+ety le)el %+ t/e pipeline system bel%, t/e spe'i+ie* sa+ety
le)el-
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#*8 All repairs s/all be 'arrie* %ut by 2uali+ie* pers%nnel in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a(ree* spe'i+i'ati%ns an*
pr%'e*ures. an* up t% t/e stan*ar* *e+ine* +%r t/e pipeline-
#*4 All repairs s/all be teste* an* inspe'te* by e:perien'e* an* 2uali+ie* pers%nnel in a''%r*an'e ,it/
a(ree* pr%'e*ures- NDT pers%nnel. e2uipment. met/%*s. an* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be a(ree* up%n in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D-
#*# Depen*in( up%n t/e '%n*iti%n %+ t/e *ama(e. a temp%rary repair may be a''epte* until t/e permanent
repair 'an be 'arrie* %ut- I+ a temp%rary repair is 'arrie* %ut. it s/all be *%'umente* t/at t/e pipeline inte(rity
an* sa+ety le)el is maintaine* eit/er by t/e temp%rary repair itsel+ an*I%r in '%mbinati%n ,it/ %t/er pre'auti%ns-
#*5 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r pipeline repair in (eneral is (i)en in DNV-RP-F11#-
Repair of dents
#*& A *ent a++e'tin( a ,el* 'an result in 'ra'&s. an* rem%)al %+ t/e *ama(e* p%rti%n %+ t/e pipe s/%ul* be
'%nsi*ere*- T/e *ama(e* part 'an be 'ut %ut as a 'ylin*er. %r repaire* by installin( a (r%ute* repair 'lamp. %r
a +ull en'ir'lement ,el*e* split slee)e %r b%lte* 'lamp ,/i'/ is *esi(ne* t% ta&e t/e +ull internal %peratin(
pressure
Repair of lea.s
#*2 Pri%r t% 'arryin( %ut a permanent repair %+ any lea&. t/e 'ause %+ t/e lea& s/all be establis/e*-
#*: T/e m%st suitable met/%* +%r repairin( a lea& in t/e pipe *epen*s up%n e-(- t/e pipe material. pipe
*imensi%ns. l%'ati%n %+ lea&. l%a* '%n*iti%ns. pressure an* temperature- T/e +%ll%,in( repair met/%*s may be
use*0
a4 T/e *ama(e* p%rti%n is 'ut %ut %+ t/e pipe as a 'ylin*er an* a ne, pipe sp%%l is installe* eit/er by ,el*in(
%r by a me'/ani'al '%nne't%r-
b4 lamps are installe*. an* ti(/tness is %btaine* by eit/er ,el*in(. +iller material. +ri'ti%n %r %t/er 2uali+ie*
me'/ani'al means-
#)* Bea&in( +lan(es an* '%uplin(s may be seale* by installin( a seal 'lamp '%)erin( t/e lea&in( +lan(e %r
'%uplin(. in'reasin( t/e b%lt pre-l%a*. %r repla'in( (as&ets an* seals- Pri%r t% in'reasin( t/e pre-l%a* in b%lts.
it s/all be *%'umente* by 'al'ulati%n t/at n% %)er-stressin( %''urs in b%lts. +lan(e %r (as&etIseals- In 'ase t/e
pre-l%a* in t/e b%lts is rem%)e*. e-(- *ue t% '/an(in( %+ (as&et. ne, b%lts s/all be use* +%r t/e +lan(e
'%nne'ti%n-
#)) All repair 'lamps. slee)es. pipe sp%%ls. an* me'/ani'al '%nne't%rs s/all be 2uali+ie* pri%r t% installati%n
an* lea& teste* a+ter installati%n-
Repair by welding
#)4 Repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures. e2uipment an* ,el*ers s/all be 2uali+ie* as *es'ribe* in Appen*i: -
#)8 Repair ,el*in( ab%)e ,ater s/all be 'arrie* %ut as *es'ribe* in Appen*i: -
#)4 8n*er,ater ,el*in( s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a *ry /abitat. see Appen*i: -
#)# Repair ,el*in( may. in spe'ial 'ases. be 'arrie* %ut %n pipelines ,/ile %peratin(. *epen*in( %n pipe
material. pipe ,all t/i'&ness. +lui* type. pressure an* temperature- It s/all be *%'umente* t/at sa+ety +%r
'arryin( %ut t/e repair is a''eptable. an* a sa+ety pr%'e*ure s/all be establis/e*-
#)5 All repair ,el*s s/all be subGe't t% )isual an* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin(. see Appen*i: D- F%ll%,in( t/e
repair. pressure testin( may be re2uire* +%r t/e repaire* se'ti%n-
E. Re-<'ali+ica%i!n
E )** General
)*) T/e purp%se %+ t/is se'ti%n is t% *e+ine re-2uali+i'ati%n an* t% (i)e re2uirements +%r re-2uali+i'ati%n %+
pipeline systems-
)*4 Re-2uali+i'ati%n is a re-assessment %+ t/e *esi(n un*er '/an(e* *esi(n '%n*iti%ns-
)*8 A re-2uali+i'ati%n may be tri((ere* by a '/an(e in t/e %ri(inal *esi(n basis. by n%t +ul+illin( t/e *esi(n
basis. %r by mista&es %r s/%rt'%min(s /a)in( been *is'%)ere* *urin( n%rmal %r abn%rmal %perati%n- P%ssible
'auses may be0
a4 pre+eren'e t% use t/is stan*ar*. e-(- *ue t% re2uirements +%r /i(/er utilisati%n +%r e:istin( pipelines
b4 '/an(e %+ t/e premises0
1 en)ir%nmental l%a*s
1 *e+%rmati%ns
1 s'%ur-
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'4 '/an(e %+ %perati%nal parameters0
1 pressure %r temperature
1 +lui* %r +lui* *ire'ti%n
1 '%rr%si)ity %+ t/e me*ium-
*4 *eteri%rati%n me'/anisms /a)in( e:'ee*e* t/e %ri(inal assumpti%ns0
1 '%rr%si%n rate. eit/er internal %r e:ternal
1 *ynami' resp%nses. '%ntributin( t% +ati(ue. ,/i'/ may be 'ause* by la'&in( supp%rts et'-
e4 e:ten*e* *esi(n li+e-
+4 *is'%)ere* *ama(e0
1 *ents
1 *ama(e t% pipeline pr%te'ti%n
1 ,el* *e+e'ts
1 '%rr%si%n relate* *e+e'ts
1 *ama(e t% an%*es-
E 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) @it/in t/e %ri(inal *esi(n li+e. an* ,it/%ut essential '/an(es in t/e manner %+ empl%yment Crepair et'-4.
t/e stan*ar* un*er ,/i'/ t/e pipeline ,as built may apply ,/en '%nsi*erin( in'i*ents. min%r m%*i+i'ati%ns %r
re'ti+i'ati%n %+ *esi(n parameters e:'ee*e* *urin( %perati%n- T/is stan*ar* an* ass%'iate* DNV '%*es may
alternati)ely be use*-
F%r maG%r m%*i+i'ati%ns %r %t/er instan'es n%t '%)ere* by t/e ab%)e para(rap/ t/is stan*ar* s/all apply- F%r
li+etime e:tensi%ns. re+eren'e is als% ma*e t% ISOITS 1"<;<. NORSOK R-00" an* NORSOK 8-00H-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e same sa+ety le)el s/all apply +%r li+etime e:tensi%ns %+ an e:istin( pipeline as ,%ul* apply +%r t/e *esi(n %+ a ne,
pipeline- T/e reas%n +%r re2uirin( use %+ t/is stan*ar* is in 'ase t/e %ri(inal stan*ar* use* +%r *esi(n is less strin(ent
t/an ne'essary t% meet t/e tar(et sa+ety le)els spe'i+ie* in t/is stan*ar*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
E 8** Sa+e%7 le-el
8*) A tar(et sa+ety le)el as *e+ine* in Se'-" =00 s/all apply +%r a re-2uali+i'ati%n assessment-
8*4 Operati%nal e:perien'e. e-(- '/an(e %+ %perati%nal '%n*iti%ns. inspe'ti%n re'%r*s an* m%*i+i'ati%ns.
s/all be '%nsi*ere* in a re-2uali+i'ati%n assessment-
E 4** S7s%e$ (ress're %es%
4*) System pressure testin( may be re2uire* ,/en0
1 t/e %ri(inal mill pressure test %r system pressure test *%es n%t satis+y re2uirements a''%r*in( t% t/is
stan*ar* at t/e ne, *esi(n pressure
1 a si(ni+i'ant part %+ t/e pipeline /as n%t been system pressure teste* e-(- ne, pipeline se'ti%n as part %+ a
m%*i+i'ati%n %r repair 'ampai(n C+%r %missi%n %+ system pressure test. see Se'-= !"0#4-
E #** De%eri!ra%i!n
#*) All rele)ant *eteri%rati%n an* *ama(e me'/anisms s/all be e)aluate*- Typi'al me'/anisms are0
a4 '%rr%si%n0
1 e:ternal '%rr%si%n
1 internal '%rr%si%n-
b4 er%si%n
'4 a''i*ental l%a*s
*4 *e)el%pment %+ +ree spans
e4 +ati(ue
+4 settlement-
#*4 Su++i'ient reliability %r sa+ety measures s/all be applie* t% a''%unt +%r t/e a''ura'y an* un'ertainties in
t/e inspe'ti%n results-
#*8 A''umulate* *ama(e e:perien'e* pri%r t% t/e re-2uali+i'ati%n s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e e)aluati%n-
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E 5** Design cri%eria
5*) T/e parameters t/at tri((er t/e re-2uali+i'ati%n an* t/e impli'ati%n %+ '/an(es in t/ese parameters %n
*i++erent *esi(n '%n*iti%ns s/all be 'learly i*enti+ie* an* *%'umente*- F%r re-*esi(n %+ t/ese *esi(n '%n*iti%ns.
re+eren'e is ma*e t% Se'-=-
F. De-c!$$issi!ning
F )** General
)*) De-'%mmissi%nin( is t/e set %+ a'ti)ities ass%'iate* ,it/ ta&in( t/e pipeline temp%rarily %ut %+ ser)i'e-
)*4 Pipeline *e-'%mmissi%nin( s/all be planne* an* prepare*-
)*8 De-'%mmissi%nin( s/all be '%n*u'te* an* *%'umente* in su'/ a ,ay t/at t/e pipeline 'an be re-
'%mmissi%ne* an* put int% ser)i'e a(ain-
)*4 De-'%mmisi%nin( e)aluati%n s/all in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in( aspe'ts0
1 rele)ant nati%nal re(ulati%ns
1 en)ir%nment. espe'ially p%lluti%n
1 %bstru'ti%n +%r s/ip tra++i'
1 %bstru'ti%n +%r +is/in( a'ti)ities
1 '%rr%si%n impa't %n %t/er stru'tures-
)*# De-'%mmissi%ne* pipelines s/all be preser)e* t% re*u'e e++e't +r%m *e(ra*ati%n me'/anisms-
)*5 Sub-se'ti%n ! s/all apply +%r pipeline re-'%mmissi%nin(-
G. A6an"!n$en%
G )** General
)*) Aban*%nment %+ a pipeline system '%mprises t/e a'ti)ities ass%'iate* ,it/ ta&in( t/e system I %r part %+
t/e system permanently %ut %+ %perati%n-
)*4 An aban*%ne* pipeline 'an n%t be returne* t% %perati%n-
)*8 Pipeline aban*%nment s/all be planne* an* prepare*-
)*4 Pipeline aban*%nment e)aluati%n s/all in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in( aspe'ts0
1 rele)ant nati%nal re(ulati%ns
1 /ealt/ an* sa+ety %+ pers%nnel. i+ t/e pipeline is t% be rem%)e*
1 en)ir%nment. espe'ially p%lluti%n
1 %bstru'ti%n +%r s/ip tra++i'
1 %bstru'ti%n +%r +is/in( a'ti)ities
1 '%rr%si%n impa't %n %t/er stru'tures-
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!ec.$& Documentation - 0age &%%
SECT;ON )4
DOCUMENTAT;ON
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is se'ti%n spe'i+ies t/e minimum re2uirements t% *%'umentati%n nee*e* +%r *esi(n. manu+a'turin( I
+abri'ati%n. installati%n. %perati%n an* aban*%nment %+ a pipeline system-
)*4 A Desi(n Fabri'ati%n Installati%n CDFI4 resumK. as *es'ribe* in H. s/all be establis/e* ,it/ t/e main
%bGe'ti)e bein( t% pr%)i*e t/e %perati%ns %r(anisati%n ,it/ a '%n'entrate* summary %+ t/e m%st rele)ant *ata
+r%m t/e *esi(n an* '%nstru'ti%n Cin'l- pre-'%mmissi%nin(4 p/ases Csee !. an* D4-
)*8 An in-ser)i'e +ile '%ntainin( all rele)ant *ata a'/ie)e* *urin( t/e %perati%nal p/ase %+ t/e pipeline
system an* ,it/ t/e main %bGe'ti)e t% systemise in+%rmati%n nee*e* +%r inte(rity mana(ement an* assessment
%+ t/e pipeline system s/all be establis/e* an* maintaine* +%r t/e ,/%le ser)i'e li+e Csee F"004-
)*4 F%r t/e *esi(n. +abri'ati%n an* installati%n p/ase. all re2uire* *%'umentati%n s/all be re+le'te* in a
master *%'ument re(ister C6DR4-
)*# T/e re2uire* *%'umentati%n +%r all p/ases %+ t/e pipeline systemNs li+etime s/all be submitte* t% t/e
rele)ant parties +%r a''eptan'e %r in+%rmati%n as a(ree*-
3. Design
3 )** S%r'c%'ral
)*) A *esi(n basis +%r t/e pipeline system s/all be establis/e*. in'lu*in(. but n%t limite* t%0
1 sa+ety %bGe'ti)e
1 pipeline system *es'ripti%n in'l- l%'ati%n. (eneral arran(ements. battery limits. inlet an* %utlet '%n*iti%ns
1 +un'ti%nal re2uirements in'lu*in( +iel* *e)el%pment restri'ti%ns. e-(- sa+ety barriers an* subsea )al)es
1 re2uirements t% repair an* repla'ement %+ pipeline se'ti%ns. )al)es. a'tuat%rs an* +ittin(s
1 pr%Ge't plans an* s'/e*ule. in'lu*in( planne* peri%* %+ t/e year +%r installati%n
1 *esi(n li+e in'lu*in( spe'i+i'ati%n %+ start %+ *esi(n li+e. e-(- installati%n. +inal '%mmissi%nin(. et'-
1 transp%rt 'apa'ity an* pipeline siJin( *ata
1 attenti%n t% p%ssible '%*e brea&s in t/e pipeline system
1 (e%metri'al restri'ti%ns su'/ as spe'i+i'ati%ns %+ '%nstant internal *iameter. re2uirement +%r +ittin(s.
)al)es. +lan(es an* t/e use %+ +le:ible pipe %r risers
1 pi((in( re2uirements su'/ as ben* ra*ius. pipe %)ality an* *istan'es bet,een )ari%us +ittin(s a++e'tin(
*esi(n +%r pi((in( appli'ati%ns
1 rele)ant pi((in( s'enari%s Cinspe'ti%n an* 'leanin(4
1 pi((in( +lui*s t% be use* an* /an*lin( %+ pi((in( +lui*s in b%t/ en* %+ pipeline in'lu*in( impa't %n pr%'ess
systems
1 t%p%(rap/i'al an* bat/ymetri'al '%n*iti%ns al%n( t/e inten*e* pipeline r%ute
1 (e%te'/ni'al '%n*iti%ns
1 en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns
1 %perati%nal '%n*iti%ns su'/ as pressure. temperature. +lui* '%mp%siti%n. +l%, rate. san* pr%*u'ti%n et'-
in'lu*in( p%ssible '/an(es *urin( t/e pipeline systemAs *esi(n li+e
1 prin'iples +%r stren(t/ an* in-pla'e analysis
1 '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l p/il%s%p/y
1 se'%n* an* t/ir* party a'ti)ities-
)*4 T/e purp%se %+ t/e *esi(n *%'umentati%n is t% ensure a reliable pipeline system- T/e *esi(n s/all be
a*e2uately *%'umente* t% enable se'%n* an*I%r t/ir* party )eri+i'ati%n- As a minimum. t/e +%ll%,in( items
s/all be a**resse*0
1 pipeline r%utin(
1 p/ysi'al an* '/emi'al '/ara'teristi's %+ +lui*
1 materials sele'ti%n
1 temperatureIpressure pr%+ile an* pipeline e:pansi%n
1 stren(t/ analyses +%r riser an* riser supp%rts
1 all rele)ant stren(t/ an* in-pla'e stability analyses +%r pipeline
1 rele)ant pipeline installati%n analysis
1 ris& analysis as appli'able
1 systemati' re)ie, %+ t/reats in %r*er t% i*enti+y an* e)aluate t/e '%nse2uen'es %+ sin(le +ailures an* series
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
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%+ +ailures Csee Se'-" !#004
1 '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l Cinternal an* e:ternal4
1 pi((ability
1 installati%n an* '%mmissi%nin(-
)*8 Dra,in(s s/all be pr%)i*e* +%r t/e +abri'ati%n an* installati%n %+ t/e pipeline system. in'lu*in( but n%t
limite* t%0
1 pipeline r%ute *ra,in(s in'lu*in( in+%rmati%n %n. e-(- seabe* pr%perties an* t%p%l%(y. e:istin( an* +uture
plat+%rms. pipelinesI'ables. subsea ,ell /ea*s. s/ip lanes. et'-
1 ali(nment s/eets
1 *etaile* pipeline 'r%ssin( *ra,in(s
1 plat+%rm lay%ut *ra,in(s ,it/ risers. riser pr%te'ti%n systems. l%a*in( J%nes. b%at lan*in( areas. res'ue
areas. et'- as appli'able
1 sp%%l +abri'ati%n *ra,in(
1 %t/er '%mp%nents ,it/in t/e pipeline system C'%nne't%rs. pi((in( l%%ps et'-4
1 pipeline pr%te'ti%n *ra,in(s
1 riser an* riser 'lamp +abri'ati%n *ra,in(s
1 lan* %,ners/ip *etails-
3 4** ine(i(e an" (i(eline c!$(!nen%s .incl'"ing 1el"ing/
4*) T/e +%ll%,in( *%'umentati%n s/all be establis/e*0
1 material manu+a'turin( spe'i+i'ati%ns
1 ,el*in( an* NDT spe'i+i'ati%ns
1 material ta&e %++I*ata s/eets-
3 8** C!rr!si!n c!n%r!l s7s%e$s an" 1eigh% c!a%ing
8*) T/e +%ll%,in( *%'umentati%n s/all be establis/e*. as appli'able0
1 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n *esi(n rep%rt. see Se'-> D=0F
1 an%*e manu+a'turin( an* installati%n spe'i+i'ati%ns. see- Se'-H D an* E
1 %utline an%*e *ra,in(s
1 linepipe '%atin( appli'ati%n spe'i+i'ati%ns
1 +iel* G%int '%atin( spe'i+i'ati%nCs4
1 '%atin( +iel* repair spe'i+i'ati%nCs4
1 '%n'rete '%atin( spe'i+i'ati%n Ci+ appli'able4
1 '%rr%si%n m%nit%rin( system spe'i+i'ati%n
1 material ta&e %++I*ata s/eets-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n *esi(n rep%rt s/all pay attenti%n t% t/e lan*+all se'ti%n Ci+ any4 an* p%ssible intera'ti%n ,it/
t/e rele)ant %ns/%re P-system-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
3 4** ;ns%alla%i!n
4*) T/e +%ll%,in( *%'umentati%n s/all be establis/e*0
1 Failure 6%*e E++e't Analysis CF6EA4 an* HAUOP stu*ies Csee Se'-104
1 installati%n an* testin( spe'i+i'ati%ns an* *ra,in(s
1 @el*in( Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n C@P54 re'%r*s-
3 #** O(era%i!n
#*) De'isi%ns an* parameters /a)in( an impa't %n t/e %perati%nal p/ase %+ t/e pipeline system su'/ as0
1 %perati%n en)el%pe
1 e:ternal an* internal inspe'ti%n strate(ies in'l- pi((ability. ROV sur)eys
1 measurin( p%ints +%r in-situ ,all t/i'&ness measurements. ER-pr%bes. ,ei(/t l%ss '%up%ns. +lui*
m%nit%rin( et'-
s/all be emp/asise* an* *%'umente* in *esi(n-
#*4 As a minimum. t/e +%ll%,in( *%'umentati%n s/all be establis/e*0
1 pipeline inte(rity mana(ement strate(y '%)erin( strate(ies +%r '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l. inspe'ti%n an*
maintenan'e
1 emer(en'y resp%nse strate(y
1 emer(en'y repair '%ntin(en'y strate(y-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$& Documentation - 0age &%&
3 5** DF;-Res'$@
5*) T/e Desi(n part %+ t/e DFI-resumK s/all be establis/e* an* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements (i)en in H-
C. C!ns%r'c%i!n - Man'+ac%'ring an" Fa6rica%i!n
C )** ine(i(e an" (i(eline c!$(!nen%
)*) T/e *%'umentati%n t% be submitte* +%r re)ie, pri%r t% start %r *urin( start-up %+ manu+a'turin( s/all
in'lu*e. but n%t be limite* t%0
1 5uality Plan C5P4
1 6anu+a'turin( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%ns C6PS4 in'lu*in( test re2uirements an* a''eptan'e 'riteria
1 6anu+a'turin( Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n Test C6P5T4 results
1 manu+a'turin( pr%'e*ures Ce-(- /y*r%stati' testin(. *imensi%nal measurements. me'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n
testin( et'-4
1 @el*in( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%ns C@PS4. in'lu*in( pr%'e*ures +%r repair ,el*in(
1 @el*in( Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n C@P54 re'%r*s
1 N%n Destru'ti)e Testin( CNDT4 pr%'e*ures
1 Pers%nnel 2uali+i'ati%n re'%r*s Ce-(- +%r ,el*ers an* NDT %perat%rs4
1 manu+a'turerAsI+abri'at%rAs 2uality system manual-
)*4 T/e as built *%'umentati%n t% be submitte* a+ter manu+a'turin( s/all in'lu*e. but n%t be limite* t%0
1 5uality %ntr%l C54 pr%'e*ures
1 Inspe'ti%n an* Test Plan CITP4
1 tra'eability pr%'e*ure
1 material 'erti+i'ates
1 6anu+a'turin( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%ns C6PS4 in'lu*in( test re2uirements an* a''eptan'e 'riteria
1 results +r%m 6P5T
1 test pr%'e*ures Ce-(- /y*r%stati' testin(. *imensi%nal measurements. me'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n testin( et'-4
1 me'/ani'al test rep%rts
1 /y*r%stati' testin( rep%rt
1 ,el* l%( re'%r*s
1 '%nsumable bat'/ numbers
1 ,el*er 'erti+i'ates
1 /eat treatment re'%r*s
1 NDT pr%'e*ures an* re'%r*s
1 NDT %perat%r 'erti+i'ates
1 *imensi%nal rep%rts
1 e2uipment 'alibrati%n 'erti+i'atesIrep%rts
1 st%ra(e pr%'e*ures
1 release 'erti+i'ates
1 pipe tally s/eet
1 '%mplete statisti's %+ '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n. me'/ani'al pr%perties an* *imensi%ns +%r t/e 2uantity
*eli)ere*-
C 4** C!rr!si!n c!n%r!l s7s%e$ an" 1eigh% c!a%ing
4*) T/e *%'umentati%n t% be submitte* +%r re)ie, pri%r t% start %+ manu+a'turin( s/all in'lu*e. but n%t be
limite* t%0
1 appli'ati%nImanu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n. in'lu*in( inspe'ti%nItest re2uirements an* a''eptan'e
'riteria. repairs. *%'umentati%n. et'-
1 *%'umentati%n %+ materials an* '%n'rete mi: *esi(n
1 Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n Trial CP5T4 results
1 Inspe'ti%n an* Testin( Plan CITP4 ,it/ re+eren'e* pr%'e*ures +%r inspe'ti%n. testin( an* 'alibrati%ns
1 an%*e *ra,in(s-
4*4 T/e as built *%'umentati%n t% be submitte* a+ter manu+a'turin( s/all in'lu*e. but n%t be limite* t%0
1 appli'ati%nImanu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n. in'lu*in( test re2uirements an* a''eptan'e 'riteria.
repairs. pers%nnel 2uali+i'ati%n re'%r*s. et'-
1 material *ata s/eets an* 'erti+i'ates
1 *aily l%(s in'lu*in( pr%*u'ti%n test re'%r*s
1 '%mplete statisti's %+ '%atin( *imensi%ns. ,ei(/t an* ne(ati)e bu%yan'y +%r t/e ea'/ G%int *eli)ere*
1 repair l%(
1 ele'tri'al resistan'e test l%(-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
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C 8** DF;-res'$@
8*) T/e 6anu+a'turin( I Fabri'ati%n part %+ t/e DFI-resumK s/all be establis/e* an* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e
re2uirements (i)en in H-
D. C!ns%r'c%i!n - ;ns%alla%i!n an" 9re-C!$$issi!ning
D )** General
)*) T/e *%'umentati%n t% be submitte* +%r re)ie, pri%r t% start %+ installati%n s/all in'lu*e. but n%t be
limite* t%0
1 installati%n pr%'e*ures +%r pipelines. risers. sp%%ls an* '%mp%nents in'lu*in( a''eptan'e 'riteria. test
'erti+i'ates +%r e2uipment. 2uali+i'ati%n re'%r*s +%r pers%nnel Ce-(- ,el*in(. '%atin(4. et'-
1 installati%n pr%'e*ures +%r pr%te'ti)e stru'tures Cas mattresses et'-4 an* pipeline an'/%rin( stru'tures
1 Installati%n 6anuals CI64 pr%'e*ures
1 tren'/in( spe'i+i'ati%n
1 inter)enti%n pr%'e*ure
1 sur)ey pr%'e*ure
1 /y*r%test pr%'e*ures
1 pre-'%mmissi%nin( pr%'e*ure. in'l- pr%'e*ures +%r *e,aterin(. 'leanin(. *ryin(. +l%%*in(. m%t/ballin(. et'-
1 +illin( %+ +lui* pr%'e*ures-
)*4 D%'umentati%n pr%*u'e* in '%nne'ti%n ,it/ t/e pressure testin( %+ t/e pipeline system s/all in'lu*e0
1 pressure an* temperature re'%r* '/arts
1 l%( %+ pressure an* temperatures
1 'alibrati%n 'erti+i'ates +%r instruments an* test e2uipment
1 'al'ulati%n %+ air '%ntent
1 'al'ulati%n %+ pressure an* temperature relati%ns/ip an* Gusti+i'ati%n +%r a''eptan'e
1 en*%rse* test a''eptan'e 'erti+i'ate-
)*8 T/e as built *%'umentati%n t% be submitte* a+ter installati%n an* pre-'%mmissi%nin( s/all in'lu*e. but n%t be
limite* t%0
1 sur)ey rep%rts
1 up*ate* *ra,in(s
1 inter)enti%n rep%rts
1 pre-'%mmissi%nin( rep%rts-
)*4 Re'%r*s an* *%'umentati%ns s/%ul* in'lu*e aut/%risati%ns an* permits t% %perate-
D 4** DF;-Res'$@
4*) T/e Installati%n Cin'l- pre-'%mmissi%nin(4 part %+ t/e DFI-resumK s/all be establis/e* an* in a''%r*an'e
,it/ t/e re2uirements (i)en in H-
E. O(era%i!n - C!$$issi!ning
E )** General
)*) As a part %+ t/e '%mmissi%nin( Csee Se'-11 !4 t/e *%'umentati%n ma*e a)ailable s/all in'lu*e. but n%t
be limite* t%0
a4 pr%'e*ure an* results +r%m +lui* +illin( %perati%ns ,it/ spe'ial emp/asis %n *esi(n parameters /a)in( an
impa't %n t/e inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline system su'/ as temperature. pressure an* *e, p%ints
b4 pr%'e*ures an* results +r%m %perati%nal )eri+i'ati%n a'ti)ities Ci-e- start-up inspe'ti%n4- Imp%rtant
parameters t% *%'ument are typi'ally0
1 e:pansi%n
1 m%)ement
1 (l%bal bu'&lin(
1 ,all t/i'&nessImetal l%ss-
'4 inspe'ti%n plans '%)erin( t/e +uture e:ternal an* internal inspe'ti%ns %+ t/e pipeline system-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$& Documentation - 0age &%1
F. O(era%i!n
F )** General
)*) In %r*er t% maintain t/e inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline system. t/e *%'umentati%n ma*e a)ailable *urin( t/e
%perati%nal p/ase s/all in'lu*e. but n%t be limite* t%0
1 %r(anisati%n '/art s/%,in( t/e +un'ti%ns resp%nsible +%r t/e %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system
1 pers%nnel trainin( an* 2uali+i'ati%ns re'%r*s
1 /ist%ry %+ pipeline system %perati%n ,it/ re+eren'e t% e)ents ,/i'/ may /a)e si(ni+i'an'e t% *esi(n an*
sa+ety
1 installati%n '%n*iti%n *ata as ne'essary +%r un*erstan*in( pipeline system *esi(n an* '%n+i(urati%n. e-(-
pre)i%us sur)ey rep%rts. as-lai* I as-built installati%n *ra,in(s an* test rep%rts
1 p/ysi'al an* '/emi'al '/ara'teristi's %+ transp%rte* me*ia in'lu*in( san* *ata
1 inspe'ti%n an* maintenan'e s'/e*ules an* t/eir re'%r*s
1 inspe'ti%n pr%'e*ure an* results '%)erin( t/e inspe'ti%n aspe'ts *es'ribe* in Se'-11. in'lu*in( supp%rtin(
re'%r*s-
)*4 In 'ase %+ me'/ani'al *ama(e %r %t/er abn%rmalities t/at mi(/t impair t/e sa+ety. reliability. stren(t/
an* stability %+ t/e pipeline system. t/e +%ll%,in( *%'umentati%n s/all. but n%t be limite* t%. be prepare* pri%r
t% start-up %+ t/e pipeline0
1 *es'ripti%n %+ t/e *ama(e t% t/e pipeline. its systems %r '%mp%nents ,it/ *ue re+eren'e t% l%'ati%n. type.
e:tent %+ *ama(e an* temp%rary measures. i+ any
1 plans an* +ull parti'ulars %+ repairs. m%*i+i'ati%ns an* repla'ements. in'lu*in( '%ntin(en'y measures
1 +urt/er *%'umentati%n ,it/ respe't t% parti'ular repair. m%*i+i'ati%n an* repla'ement. as a(ree* up%n in
line ,it/ t/%se +%r t/e '%nstru'ti%n %r installati%n p/ase-
)*8 In 'ase %+ re-2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e pipeline system Csee Se'-11 E4. all in+%rmati%n relate* t% t/e re-
assessment pr%'ess %+ t/e %ri(inal *esi(n s/all be *%'umente*-
F 4** ;n-Ser-ice +ile
4*) T/e in-ser)i'e +ile. as *e+ine* in Se'-11 H00 s/all as a minimum '%ntain *%'umentati%n re(ar*in(0
1 results an* '%n'lusi%ns +r%m t/e in-ser)i'e inspe'ti%ns
1 a''i*ental e)ents an* *ama(es t% t/e pipeline system
1 inter)enti%n. repair. an* m%*i+i'ati%ns
1 %perati%nal *ata C+lui* '%mp%siti%n. +l%, rate. pressure. temperature et'-4 a++e'tin( '%rr%si%n an* %t/er
*eteri%rati%n me'/anisms-
G. A6an"!n$en%
G )** General
)*) Re'%r*s %+ aban*%ne* pipelines s/all be a)ailable an* s/all in'lu*e but n%t be limite* t%0
1 *etails %+ aban*%ne* pipelines %n lan* in'lu*in( r%ute maps. t/e siJe %+ t/e pipeline *ept/ %+ burial an* its
l%'ati%n relati)e t% sur+a'e +eatures
1 *etails %+ aban*%ne* %++s/%re pipelines. in'lu*in( na)i(ati%n '/arts s/%,in( t/e pipeline r%ute-
H. DF; Res'$@
H )** General
)*) A Desi(n Fabri'ati%n Installati%n CDFI4 ResumK s/all be prepare* t% pr%)i*e in+%rmati%n +%r %perati%n
%+ t/e pipeline system- T/e DFI resumK s/all 'learly s/%, t/e limits %+ t/e submarine pipeline system-
)*4 T/e DFI ResumK s/all re+le't t/e as-built status %+ t/e pipeline system an* s/all pr%)i*e in+%rmati%n +%r
preparati%n %+ plans +%r inspe'ti%n an* maintenan'e plannin(-
)*8 T/e DFI ResumK s/all spe'i+y *esi(n an* %peratin( premises an* re2uirements-
)*4 T/e DFI ResumK s/all '%ntain all *%'umentati%n re2uire* +%r n%rmal %perati%n. inspe'ti%ns an*
maintenan'e an* pr%)i*e re+eren'es t% t/e *%'umentati%n nee*e* +%r any repair. m%*i+i'ati%n %r re-
2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e pipeline system-
)*# T/e preparati%n %+ t/e DFI ResumK s/all be 'arrie* %ut in parallel. an* as an inte(rate* part. %+ t/e
*esi(n. +abri'ati%n an* installati%n p/ase %+ t/e pr%Ge't-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$& Documentation - 0age &%2
H 4** DF; res'$@ c!n%en%
4*) As a minimum. t/e DFI ResumK s/all '%ntain t/e bel%, liste* items0
System description
4*4 S/all in'lu*e a *es'ripti%n %+ t/e pipeline system in'lu*in(0
1 +inal *imensi%ns
1 +inal %perati%nal parameters
1 a table. +%r plannin( %+ +uture pi((in( %perati%ns. listin( all '%mp%nents in t/e system +r%m pi(trap t%
pi(trap- Key *ata li&e inner *iameter CID4. ben* ra*ius an* ,all t/i'&ness C@T4 s/%ul* be in'lu*e*. as ,ell
as re+eren'es t% a**iti%nal *%'umentati%n I *ra,in(s-
ocument filing system
4*8 S/all (i)e an %)er)ie, %+ as-built *%'umentati%n in'lu*in( *es'ripti%n %+ +ilin( system an* met/%*-
esign -asis
4*4 S/all (i)e a summary %+ t/e +inal *esi(n basis. %n ,/i'/ en(ineerin(. +abri'ati%n an* installati%n is
base*- Desi(n parameters %+ &ey imp%rtan'e +%r t/e %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system s/%ul* be emp/asise*-
T/e +%ll%,in( parameters are '%nsi*ere* imp%rtant +%r t/e %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system0
1 *esi(n li+e an* limitati%ns
1 *esi(n stan*ar*s
1 en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns
1 tabulate* (e%te'/ni'al parameters as use* in *esi(n
1 *esi(n pressure an* temperature
1 +l%, rate
1 +lui* '%mp%siti%n
1 '%rr%si%n all%,an'e
1 *ept/ %+ '%)er
1 material spe'i+i'ati%ns. '%)erin( pressure '%ntainin( e2uipment an* stru'ture
1 P-system Ci-e- an%*e *etails4
1 '%atin( system
1 +ati(ue *esi(n assumpti%ns in'l- +ree span 'riteria
1 in'i*ental pressure relie+ system
1 +l%, '%ntr%l te'/ni2ues an* re2uirements-
esign
4*# S/all in'lu*e a *esi(n a'ti)ity resumK. all en(ineerin( assumpti%ns an* assessments n%t liste* in t/e
*esi(n basis in a**iti%n t% appli'able *e)iati%ns an* n%n-'%n+%rman'es in'lu*in( a *es'ripti%n %+ p%ssible
impa't %n t/e %perati%nal p/ase-
%onstruction ( &abrication
4*5 S/all in'lu*e a manu+a'turin( I +abri'ati%n a'ti)ity resumK. re+eren'e t% spe'i+i'ati%ns. *ra,in(s et'-.
*is'ussi%n %+ pr%blem areas an* any *e)iati%ns +r%m spe'i+i'ati%ns an* *ra,in(s %+ imp%rtan'e +%r t/e
%perati%nal p/ase-
%onstruction ( 'nstallation
4*& S/all in'lu*e an installati%n a'ti)ity resumK. re+eren'e t% spe'i+i'ati%ns. *ra,in(s et'-. *is'ussi%n %+
pr%blem areas an* any *e)iati%ns +r%m spe'i+i'ati%ns an* *ra,in(s %+ imp%rtan'e +%r t/e %perati%nal p/ase-
%onstruction ( Pre(commissioning
4*2 S/all in'lu*e a pre-'%mmissi%nin( a'ti)ity resumK an* any results +r%m t/e pre-'%mmissi%nin( p/ase-
All appli'able *e)iati%ns an* n%n-'%n+%rman'es s/all be liste* in'lu*in( a *es'ripti%n %+ p%ssible impa't %n
t/e %perati%nal p/ase-
%ertificate and )uthority )pproval
4*: S/all in'lu*e a /ierar'/i'al %)er)ie, %+ issue* 'erti+i'ates. release n%tes an* aut/%rity appr%)als ,it/
re+eren'e t% items an* nature %+ any '%n*iti%nal appr%)als- T/e 'erti+i'ates. release n%tes an* aut/%rity
appr%)als s/all s/%, unambi(u%us re+eren'e t% appli'able stan*ar*s an* *%'uments. items '%)ere*. a''epte*
*e)iati%ns. 'erti+i'ati%n a'ti)ities an* '%n*iti%n +%r 'erti+i'ates-
Surveys
4)* S/all (i)e all en(ineerin( assumpti%ns an* assessments *ra,n +r%m t/e r%ute an* site sur)eys in a**iti%n
t% all appli'able as-installe* r%ute *ra,in(s-
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!ec.$& Documentation - 0age &%3
'nspection+ $aintenance and Repair
4)) S/all in'lu*e an %)er)ie, %+0
1 i*enti+ie* areas *eeme* t% re2uire spe'ial attenti%n *urin( n%rmal %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system
1 %perati%nal '%nstraints
eviations and 4on(%onformances
4)4 S/all in'lu*e a '%mplete list %+ ,ai)ers. *e)iati%ns an* n%n-'%n+%rman'es ,it/ spe'ial emp/asis %n
i*enti+ie* areas *eeme* t% re2uire spe'ial attenti%n *urin( n%rmal %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system-
Selected rawings
4)8 S/all in'lu*e a '%mplete as-built *ra,in( list. in'lu*in( *ra,in(s +r%m sub-)en*%rs an* '%ntra't%rs.
,it/ re+eren'e t% t/e as-built +ilin( system- Sele'te* *ra,in(s +r%m t/e *esi(n. +abri'ati%n an* installati%n
p/ase. as0
1 *ra,in(s %+ spe'ial '%mp%nents
1 ali(nment s/eets
1 as-installe* r%ute *ra,in(s
s/all be in'lu*e*-
;. Filing !+ D!c'$en%a%i!n
; )** General
)*) 6aintenan'e %+ '%mplete +iles %+ all rele)ant *%'umentati%n *urin( t/e li+e %+ t/e pipeline system is t/e
resp%nsibility %+ t/e Pipeline Operat%r-
)*4 T/e DFI-resumK Csee H"004 an* all *%'umentati%n re+erre* t% in t/e DFI ResumK s/all by +ile* +%r t/e
li+etime %+ t/e system- T/is in'lu*es als% *%'umentati%n +r%m p%ssible maG%r repair %r re-'%nstru'ti%n %+ t/e
pipeline system-
)*8 T/e en(ineerin( *%'umentati%n n%t menti%ne* in I10" s/all be +ile* by t/e Pipeline Operat%r %r by t/e
en(ineerin( %ntra't%r +%r a minimum %+ 10 years-
)*4 Files t% be &ept +r%m t/e %perati%nal p/ase %+ t/e pipeline system s/all as a minimum in'lu*e +inal in-
ser)i'e CF"004 inspe'ti%n rep%rts +r%m start-up. peri%*i'al an* spe'ial inspe'ti%ns. '%n*iti%n m%nit%rin(
re'%r*s. an* +inal rep%rts %+ maintenan'e an* repair-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
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SECT;ON )8
COMMENTARG .;NFORMAT;DE/
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
T/e %bGe'ti)e %+ t/is se'ti%n is t%0
1 (i)e ba'&(r%un* in+%rmati%n t% t/e re2uirements in t/e stan*ar*
1 (i)e (ui*an'e re+le'tin( (%%* en(ineerin( pra'ti'e-
T/e se'ti%n is in+%rmati)e %nly. an* s%me %+ t/e re'%mmen*ati%ns may n%t be +%un*e* %n t/%r%u(/ ,%r& but
en(ineerin( Gu*(ement %nly-
3. Sa+e%7 an" Design 9hil!s!(h7
3 )** Sa+e%7 class "isc'ssi!n
Sa+ety 'lass s/all be spe'i+ie* +%r ea'/ part %+ t/e pipeline an* +%r ea'/ p/ase- T/e 'lassi+i'ati%n s/all be base*
%n t/e re2uirements in Se'-"-
T/e sa+ety 'lass '%n'ept all%,s t/e %,ner s%me +le:ibility in terms %+ ris& ,/i'/ is b%t/ a reas%nable an*
rati%nal appr%a'/. e-(- t/is all%,s t/e %,ner t% *i++erentiate bet,een t/e *esi(n '%nser)atism +%r a +l%, line
,it/ a = year *esi(n li+e an* a trun& line ,it/ ;0 years *esi(n li+e-
T/e main aspe't ,/en *eterminin( t/e sa+ety 'lass is t/e '%nse2uen'e. typi'ally t% pe%ple. en)ir%nment an*
'%st- N%te t/at t/is '%nse2uen'e n%t ne'essarily is limite* t% +ailure %+ t/e '%nsi*ere* pipeline itsel+. but als%
t% its impa't %n t/e t%tal e:pl%rati%n- One su'/ e:ample may be re*u'ti%n in pr%*u'ti%n i+ a ,ater inGe'ti%n line
%r a system +%r ,aste ,ater +ails ,/i'/ +r%m an is%late* p%int %+ )ie, '%ul* be *e+ine* as sa+ety 'lass l%,-
An%t/er e:ample is *i++erentiati%n %+ temp%rary p/ases- A +ailure *urin( installati%n. n%rmally '%nsi*ere* as
sa+ety 'lass l%,. ,ill /a)e a si(ni+i'antly smaller '%nse2uen'e t/an a +ailure *urin( a s/ut-*%,n peri%* %+ t/e
pipeline. ,/ere b%t/ p%lluti%n an* time +%r repair are si(ni+i'antly m%re e:pensi)e an* time '%nsumin(- In 'ase
a ,et bu'&le %''urs *urin( installati%n an* t/e )essel *%es n%t /a)e t/e 'apa'ity t% /%l* %r e)entually retrie)e
t/e pipe. t/is may /a)e lar(e '%nse2uen'es as an%t/er )essel may /a)e t% retrie)e t/e pipe. an* /en'e t/is may
'all +%r a /i(/er sa+ety 'lass t/an l%,-
H%,e)er. t/e t%tal sa+ety may n%t al,ays be in'rease* by spe'i+yin( a /i(/er sa+ety 'lass- T/is may be t/e 'ase
,/en t/e m%st pr%bable 'ause %+ +ailure ,%ul* be *rau(/t %+ )essel. ,/ere t/e emp/asis s/%ul* be put %n
%peratin( pr%'e*ures an* ba'&-up- Durin( su'/ 'ir'umstan'es. it may n%t be re2uire* ,it/ a /i(/er sa+ety 'lass-
T/e ab%)e 'learly illustrates t/at Table "-; is +%r SN%rmalT 'lassi+i'ati%n %nly. as state*-
3 4** S%r'c%'ral relia6ili%7 anal7ses
Stru'tural reliability met/%*s '%nsi*er stru'tural analysis m%*els in '%nGun'ti%n ,it/ a)ailable in+%rmati%n
re(ar*in( t/e in)%l)e* )ariables an* t/eir ass%'iate* un'ertainties- T/e reliability as assesse* by reliability
met/%*s is n%t an %bGe'ti)e p/ysi'al pr%perty %+ t/e pipeline itsel+ in t/e (i)en %perati%nal an* en)ir%nmental
'%n*iti%n. but rat/er a n%minal measure %+ t/e reliability (i)en a parti'ular p/ysi'al an* pr%babilisti' m%*ellin(
an* analysis pr%'e*ure applie*-
Stru'tural reliability analysis is %nly %ne part %+ a t%tal sa+ety '%n'ept as (r%ss err%rs are n%t in'lu*e*- A (r%ss
err%r is *e+ine* as a /uman mista&e *urin( t/e *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n %r %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline t/at may lea*
t% a sa+ety le)el +ar bel%, ,/at is n%rmally aime* +%r by use %+ a partial sa+ety +a't%r *esi(n +%rmat %r spe'i+i'
reliability analysis- In t/e +%ll%,in( %nly natural )ariability are *is'usse* an* t/e '%rresp%n*in( pr%babilities
are re+erre* t% as nominal t/r%u(/%ut t/is stan*ar*-
N%minal tar(et reliabilities /a)e t% be met in *esi(n in %r*er t% ensure t/at 'ertain sa+ety le)els are a'/ie)e*-
A pr%babilisti' *esi(n '/e'& 'an be per+%rme* usin( t/e +%ll%,in( *esi(n +%rmat0
P
+.'al'ulate*
M P
+.T
P
+.'al'ulate*
is t/e 'al'ulate* n%minal pr%bability %+ +ailure e)aluate* by a re'%(nise* Ca''epte*4 reliability
met/%* an* p
+.T
is a n%minal tar(et )alue t/at s/%ul* be +ul+ille* +%r a *esi(n t% be a''epte*-
A''eptable n%minal +ailure pr%babilities *epen* in (eneral %n t/e '%nse2uen'e an* nature %+ +ailure. t/e ris&
%+ /uman inGury. e'%n%mi' l%sses. s%'ial Cp%liti'al4 in'%n)enien'e an* t/e e:pense an* e++%rt re2uire* t%
re*u'e t/e +ailure pr%bability- T/e tar(et )alues ,ere pr%p%se* in t/e S8PER! pr%Ge't by Pr%+ess%r T%r(eir
6%an an* ,ere base* %n implie* +ailure pr%bability ,it/in *i++erent *esi(n e2uati%ns representin( *i++erent
ris&s as re+le'te* by t/e sa+ety 'lass-
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T/e tar(et +ailure pr%bability is e:press as annual +ailure pr%bability ,/i'/ /as been *is'usse* in t/e in*ustry-
It s/all be interpret as Qprobability that a failure occurs in the period of one yearR-
Failure statisti's may be use* as (ui*an'e %n relati)e +ailure pr%bability le)els but %nly limite* in+%rmati%n
ab%ut spe'i+i' +ailure pr%bability +%r SBS. 8BS an* FBS 'an be *e*u'e* +r%m +ailure statisti's- Stru'tural
Cn%minal4 +ailure pr%bability +r%m a SRA is a n%minal )alue an* 'ann%t be interprete* as an e:pe'te* +re2uen'y
%+ +ailure-
3 8** Charac%eris%ic -al'es
In a BRFD +%rmat. s% 'alle* '/ara'teristi' )alues are use*- T/ese are %+ten l%,er +ra'tiles +%r stren(t/ an*
resistan'e. n%t al,ays /%,e)er. an* upper +ra'tiles +%r l%a*s- Typi'al e:amples %+ t/ese may be S6RS +%r t/e
yiel* stress an* 100-year ,a)es +%r l%a*s-
T/e '/ara'teristi' )alue in t/e resistan'e +%rmulas is a l%,er +ra'tile an* t/e e:pe'te* yiel* stress is typi'ally
in t/e %r*er %+ FL /i(/er- On '%mm%nly %)erl%%&e* impli'ati%n %+ t/is is t/at it is n%t all%,e* t% repla'e t/e
+
y
base* up%n a 'erti+i'ate %r test- Su'/ a repla'ement re2uires a t/%r%u(/ reliability assessment-
C. !a"s
C )** C!n-ersi!n !+ (ress'res
T/e pressure use* in t/e *esi(n 'riteria is n%, t/e in'i*ental pressure- T/e in'i*ental pressure is n%rmally
*e+ine* as t/e pressure ,it/ an annual pr%bability %+ e:'ee*an'e %+ 10
-"
-
T/e in'i*ental pressure is re+le'te* als% in many %t/er '%*es. re+erre* t% as in'i*ental pressure %r ma:imum
pressure an* all%,s typi'ally pressures 10L ab%)e t/e *esi(n pressure t% a''%unt +%r ,ater /ammer e++e't an*
%t/er n%t permanent pressures-
T/e in'i*ental pressure /as been use* as t/e '/ara'teristi' pressure C+%r e:treme +un'ti%nal l%a*s4 an* is
t/ere+%re use* in all t/e limit states %+ t/is stan*ar*- T/is is in '%ntra*i'ti%n ,it/ many %t/er '%*es t/at use t/e
*esi(n pressure %r t/e 6a:imum All%,able Operatin( Pressure- DNV /as sele'te* t/e in'i*ental pressure
base* %n stru'tural reliability ar(umentsO it is a m%re li&ely pressure in 'ase %+ +ailure-
T/e *e+initi%n %+ t/e in'i*ental pressure is i*enti'al ,it/ t/e "00< re)isi%n but t/e l%(i' /as been impr%)e* in
*es'ribin( t/e pressure. see Se'-# D"00-
T/e rati% bet,een t/e in'i*ental pressure an* *esi(n pressure s/all be *etermine* base* %n t/e Pipeline %ntr%l
an* Sa+ety System t%leran'es an* 'apabilities t% ensure t/at t/e l%'al in'i*ental pressure meets t/e (i)en
pr%bability %+ bein( e:'ee*e* ,it/in a year- T/is ,ill t/en in'lu*e simulati%n %+ t/e /y*rauli's %+ t/e me*ium-
I+ t/e pressure 'ann%t e:'ee* t/e in'i*ental pressure. e-(- +ull s/ut-in pressure is use* as in'i*ental pressure.
t/e *esi(n pressure may be ta&en as e2ui)alent t% t/e in'i*ental pressure. see Table #-1-
Di++erent systems may /a)e *i++erent *e+initi%ns %+ pressures. e-(- bet,een t%psi*e an* a pipeline system-
@/en '%n)ertin( t/e *e+ine* pressures in %ne system t% pressure in an%t/er system. t/e '%n)ersi%n s/all be
base* %n pressure /a)in( an annual pr%bability %+ e:'ee*an'e less t/an 10
-"
- T/is pressure s/all t/en be *e+ine*
as t/e in'i*ental pressure in t/e pipeline system- Determinati%n %+ *esi(n pressure s/all t/en be ma*e base* %n
t/e ab%)e prin'iples-
F%r pipeline systems ,it/ a t,% pea& annual e:treme pressure *istributi%n. spe'ial '%nsi*erati%ns are re2uire*-
Re+eren'e is (i)en t% D>00-
D. Design Cri%eria
D )** General
T/e basis +%r m%st %+ t/e (i)en limit states ,ere *e)el%pe* ,it/in t/e G%int in*ustry pr%Ge't S8PER! an* t/e
rep%rts may be b%u(/t +r%m Sinte+. N%r,ay- S%me results /a)e been publis/e*. e-(- 7ia% C1HH>4 an* 6Dr&
C1HH<4-
T/e S8PER! results ,ere in'%rp%rate* in DNV Rules +%r Submarine Pipeline Systems. 1HH> CDNVAH>4 an*
m%*i+ie* in %r*er t% all%, +%r a**iti%nal aspe'ts. n%t ne'essarily t% be '%nsi*ere* in a resear'/ pr%Ge't- Hen'e.
all limit states may n%t /a)e i*enti'al partial +a't%rs as in t/e S8PER! rep%rts-
In t/e "000 re)isi%n %+ t/is stan*ar*. t/e BRFD +%rmat ,as m%*i+ie* %n t/e resistan'e si*e as *es'ribe* in Se'-"
an* t/e limit states +r%m DNVAH> m%*i+ie* '%rresp%n*in(ly- T/e l%'al bu'&lin( +%rmulati%n in'lu*e* s%me
results +r%m t/e H%tpipe pr%Ge't. all%,in( a /i(/er utilisati%n %+ pressurise* pipes. see e-(- Vitali C1HHH4- In t/e
"00< re)isi%n. t/is ,as +urt/er impr%)e* t% all%, +%r /i(/er utilisati%n +%r pressurise* pipes- T/e '/ara'teristi'
pressure is n%, in'i*ental pressure +%r all limit states-
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D 4** C!n"i%i!n l!a" e++ec% +ac%!rs
T/e l%a* '%n*iti%n +a't%r
? 1-0<. pipeline restin( %n une)en seabe* re+ers t% t/e l%a* e++e't un'ertainty *ue
t% )ariati%n in ,ei(/t. sti++ness. span len(t/ %r /ei(/ts- T/is implies t/at it is n%t appli'able +%r t/e sa( ben*
e)aluati%n *urin( installati%n %n une)en seabe*-
A
l%,er t/an unity is use* in DNV-RP-F110 +%r e:pansi%n an* (l%bal bu'&lin( *esi(n t% represent t/e
*e(ree %+ *ispla'ement '%ntr%l an* un'ertainties in. primarily. t/e pipe-s%il pr%perties-
D 8** Calc'la%i!n !+ n!$inal %hic0ness
T/e ne(ati)e +abri'ati%n t%leran'e is n%rmally (i)en as a per'enta(e %+ t/e n%minal t/i'&ness +%r seamless
pipes. an* as an abs%lute measure +%r ,el*e* pipes-
T/e pressure '%ntainment 'riteri%n (i)es a minimum re2uire* minimum ,all t/i'&ness. t
1
- Depen*in( %n t/e
+abri'ati%n t%leran'e +%rmat. t/e impli'ati%n %+ t/e '%rr%si%n all%,an'e ,ill be *i++erent- F%r a +abri'ati%n
t%leran'e (i)en as a per'enta(e. L t
+ab
. E2- C1#-14 applies-
%rresp%n*in(ly. t/e n%minal t/i'&ness base* %n an abs%lute +abri'ati%n t%leran'e. t
+ab
. is (i)en by E2- C1#-"4-
D 4** 9ress're c!n%ain$en% - e<'i-alen% +!r$a%
T/e +%rmat %+ t/e pressure '%ntainment resistan'e in Se'-= is (i)en in a BRFD +%rmat- T/is '%rresp%n*s t% t/e
tra*iti%nal +%rmat. ,/i'/ usually is e:presse* in terms %+ all%,able /%%p stress. is (i)en in E2- C1#-#4-
T/e *i++erential pressure is /ere (i)en as a +un'ti%n %+ t/e l%'al in'i*ental pressure- Intr%*u'in( a l%a* +a't%r.
in'
. re+le'tin( t/e rati% bet,een t/e in'i*ental pressure an* t/e *esi(n pressure. t/e +%rmula 'an be rearran(e*
+%r t/e re+eren'e p%int ab%)e ,ater. as (i)en in E2- C1#-;4-
Intr%*u'in( a usa(e +a't%r as (i)en in C1#-=4. t/e 'riteria 'an be (i)en as in E2- C1#->4 an* E2- C1#-<4-
T/e '%rresp%n*in( usa(e +a't%rs +%r
in'
? 1-10 are (i)en in Table 1#-#-
C1#-14
C1#-"4
C1#-#4
C1#-;4
C1#-=4
C1#->4
C1#-<4
Ta6le )8-8 KUsage +ac%!rsL +!r (ress're c!n%ain$en%
3tilisation
factor+
3
Safety %lass Pressure test
#ow $edium 1igh
1-00 0-F;<
#4
C0-F;#4
0-F0" 0->HF
14
0-H>
0-H> 0-F1#
#4
C0-F#F4
0-<< 0-><
"4
0-H>
14 In l%'ati%n 'lass 1. 0-F0" may be use*
"4 In l%'ati%n 'lass 1. 0-<< may be use*
#4 E++e'ti)ely t/is +a't%r sin'e t/e pressure test is (%)ernin(
t
t
<
t
corr
O
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fab
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t t
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t
corr
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f ab
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temp y
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temp y
inc S% m
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temp y d
f S$9S
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.
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temp u d
f S$TS
t
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p
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$' (ommentary :;nformative< - 0age &$%
D #** 9ress're c!n%ain$en% cri%eri!n= "esign (ress're less %han )*B 6el!1 %he inci"en%al (ress're
T/e '/ara'teristi' pressure ,/en *eterminin( t/e ,all t/i'&ness is t/e l%'al in'i*ental pressure- T/e submarine
pipeline system s/all /a)e a Pipeline %ntr%l an* Sa+ety System ,/i'/ ensures t/at t/ere is a pr%bability +%r
e:'ee*in( t/e l%'al in'i*ental pressure at any p%int in t/e system less t/an 10
-"
,it/in a year- I+ it 'an be
*%'umente* t/at t/e rati% bet,een in'i*ental an* *esi(n pressure.
in'
. 'an be re*u'e*. a '%rresp%n*in(
re*u'ti%n in ,all t/i'&ness 'an be a'/ie)e*. alternati)ely a /i(/er *esi(n pressure 'an be use*- F%r
/y*rauli'ally Ss%+terT systems li&e (as trun& lines. a
in'
%+ 1-0= is %+ten a'/ie)e*-
D 5** H;99S an" si$ilar s7s%e$s
A pipeline is *esi(ne* +%r a stati' pressure ,it/%ut all%,in( +%r t/e pressure l%ss al%n( t/e pipe unless t/e
pipeline is se'ti%nise* int% parts ,it/ *i++erent *esi(n pressure- Hen'e. t/e pipeline ,ill al,ays /a)e a pressure
*urin( n%rmal %perati%n l%,er t/an t/e *esi(n pressure *ue t% t/e pressure *r%p 'ause* by t/e +l%, %+ t/e +lui*-
F%r /i(/ pressure ,ells. t/is *%,nstream pressure may be re*u'e* %n purp%se by a '/%&e in %r*er t% enable a
l%,er pressure pipeline *%,nstream- T/is re*u'e* pressure is *epen*ent %n a '%nstant +l%, an* ,ill in'rease
t% t/e s/ut-in pressure in 'ase %+ bl%'&a(e *%,nstream-
A Hi(/ Inte(rity Pressure Pr%te'ti%n System CHIPPS4 ser)e t/e purp%se t% pr%te't t/e *%,nstream pipeline
+r%m t/e s/ut-in pressure by st%ppin( t/e +l%, in 'ase a pressure in'rease is e:perien'e C*ue t% s%me bl%'&in(
*%,n-stream4- T/e 'l%ser t/is bl%'&a(e is t% t/e HIPPS. t/e +aster ,ill t/e pressure in'rease %''ur- Hen'e. t/e
spee* %+ t/is HIPPS ,ill *etermine /%, l%n( part %+ t/e pipeline *%,nstream t/at n%t 'an be pr%te'te* but
*esi(ne* +%r t/e +ull s/ut-in pressure- T/is part is re+erre* t% as t/e +%rti+ie* J%ne-
In 'ase %+ +ailure %+ t/is HIPP system. t/e *%,nstream pipeline ,ill e:perien'e t/e +ull s/ut-in pressure- In
%r*er t% ta&e a*)anta(e %+ a HIPP system. t/e annual pr%bability %+ t/is t% /appen must be less t/an 10
-"
-
T/e resultin( annual e:treme pressure *istributi%n ,ill t/en be similar t% Fi(ure 1. a t,% pea& *istributi%n
,/ere t/e ri(/t pea& *es'ribes t/e pressure *istributi%n in 'ase %+ +ailure %+ t/e HIPPS-
Fig're )
Fr%m t/e e:ample in t/e +i(ure. it is e)i*ent t/at t/e %)er pressure s'enari% ,ill burst t/e pipeline Ca +a't%r "-=
times t/e in'i*ental pressure4-
F%r a +ailure pr%bability less t/an 10
-"
t/is %)er-pressure may be '%nsi*ere* as an a''i*ental limit state an* t/e
met/%*%l%(y in Se'-= D1000 may be use*- T/e ,all t/i'&ness ,ill t/en be t/e lar(er %+ t/e pressure
'%ntainment 'riteri%n base*0
1 %n t/e '/%&e pressure an*
1 t/e a''i*ental s'enari% %+ t/e s/ut-in pressure-
@it/ t/e e:ample in Fi(ure 1 t/e a''i*ental s'enari% ,ill (%)ern t/e ,all t/i'&ness *esi(n- I+ t/e %)er pressure
,%ul* /a)e been less t/an "0-#0L ab%)e t/e in'i*ental pressure. t/e '/%&e pressure may (%)ern t/e *esi(n-
% $ & ' 1
Normalised pressure
P
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i
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y
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$' (ommentary :;nformative< - 0age &$$
T/e a''i*ental 'riteri%n is0
,/ere p
+VDi
is t/e +ailure pr%bability (i)en t/at t/e s'enari% /appens an* P
Di
is t/e pr%bability %+ t/e s'enari%
C%)er pressure4 t% /appen- In t/e +%ll%,in(. it is assume* t/at t/e %)er pressure s'enari% ,ill be t/e %)erall
'%ntributin( a''i*ental s'enari% an* t/e summati%n si(n is ne(le'te*-
F%r t/e HIPPS s'enari% %utline* ab%)e. t/e pr%bability %+ t/e s'enari%. P
Di
. ,ill be e2ual t% t/e pr%bability %+
a bl%'&a(e t% /appen times t/e %n-*eman*-+ailure %+ t/e HIPPS-
T/e resultin( ,all t/i'&ness +%r t/e a''i*ental s'enari% ,ill t/en be t/e ,all t/i'&ness (i)in( t/e +ailure
pr%bability re2uire* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 1#-F
N%te t/at t/e n%minal tar(et +ailure pr%bability in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-" primarily s/all be e2ual t% similar limit
states- T/e n%minal +ailure pr%bability %+ t/e pressure '%ntainment 'riteri%n is at least %ne %r*er %+ ma(nitu*e
less t/an t/e %t/er limit states tar(et )alues in Table "-=-
D &** !cal 6'c0ling - c!lla(se
T/e '%llapse pressure. p'. is a +un'ti%n %+ t/e0
1 elasti' 'apa'ity
1 plasti' 'apa'ity
1 t/e %)ality-
T/e +%rmulati%n a*%pte* in t/is stan*ar* is i*enti'al as in !SF010. apart +r%m t/e sa+ety mar(in- T/e +%rmula
is (i)en in E2- C1#-104 ,it/ t/e *e+ine* elasti' an* plasti' 'apa'ities in E2- C1#-114 an* E2- C1#-1"4-
T/is t/ir* *e(ree p%lyn%mial /as t/e +%ll%,in( analyti'al s%luti%n0
,/ere0
C1#-F4
P
Di
? P
bl%'&a(e
Z P
+ailure %n *eman*
CHIPPS4 C1#-H4
C1#-104
C1#-114
C1#-1"4
C1#-1#4
T f i i f
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DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$' (ommentary :;nformative< - 0age &$&
D 2** 3'c0le arres%!r
T/e bu'&le arrest%r +%rmula in Se'-= is ta&en +r%m T%rselletti C"00#4-
D :** !cal 6'c0ling - $!$en%
T/e (i)en +%rmula is )ali* +%r 1= M DIt
"
M >0 +%r yiel*in( an* %)alisati%n +ailure m%*es- 8p t% DIt
"
e2ual t%
;=. t/ese +ailure m%*es ,ill %''ur pri%r t% %t/er +ailure m%*es. e-(- elasti' bu'&lin(. an* /en'e *% n%t nee* t%
be '/e'&e*-
O)er DIt
"
;=. elasti' bu'&lin( /as t% be '/e'&e* separately. typi'ally t/r%u(/ FE analysis. ,it/ DIt
"
a su++i'ient
Ssa+ety mar(inT ab%)e t/e a'tual DIt
"
in %r*er t% a''%unt +%r b%t/ un'ertainty as ,ell as natural t/i'&ness
)ariati%ns-
In a**iti%n t% '/e'& +%r elasti' bu'&lin(. a t/inner pipe be'%mes m%re sus'eptible t% imper+e'ti%ns- Spe'ial
'%nsi*erati%ns s/all be ma*e t%
1 (irt/ ,el*s an* mismat'/ at (irt/ ,el*s. an*
1 p%int l%a*s. e-(- p%int supp%rts-
I+ b%t/ t/e elasti' bu'&lin( /as been *%'umente* t% %''ur bey%n* t/e )ali* ran(e an* t/e impli'ati%ns %+
imper+e'ti%ns /as +%un* t% be a''eptable. t/e 'riteria may be e:ten*e* t%
DIt
"
? >0-
D )*** !cal 6'c0ling - gir%h 1el" +ac%!r
Resear'/ %n bu'&lin( %+ pipes in'lu*in( (irt/ ,el*s /as s/%,n t/at t/e (irt/ ,el* /as a si(ni+i'ant impa't %n
t/e '%mpressi)e strain 'apa'ity. see 3/%*si C1HH;4- A re*u'ti%n in t/e %r*er %+ ;0L ,as +%un* +%r DIt
"
? >0-
T/ere are n% %t/er &n%,n e:periments %n t/e impa't +r%m (irt/ ,el*s +%r l%,er DIt
"
-
It is assume* t/at t/e *etrimental e++e't is *ue t% %n-set %+ bu'&lin( *ue t% imper+e'ti%ns at t/e ,el* %n t/e
'%mpressi)e si*e- I+ t/is is true. t/is e++e't ,ill be m%re pr%n%un'e* +%r /i(/er DIt
"
As- T/e (irt/ ,el* +a't%r
s/%ul* be establis/e* by test an*I%r FE-'al'ulati%ns-
I+ n% %t/er in+%rmati%n e:ists an* (i)en t/at t/e re*u'ti%n is *ue t% t/e misali(nment %n t/e '%mpressi)e si*e.
t/e re*u'ti%n is e:pe'te* t% be ne(li(ible at DIt
"
? "0- A linear interp%lati%n is t/en pr%p%se* up t% DIt
"
? >0-
I+ n% %t/er in+%rmati%n e:ists t/en t/e +%ll%,in( (irt/ ,el* +a't%r is pr%p%se*-
Fig're 4
9r!(!se" gir%h 1el" +ac%!rs
D ))** O-alisa%i!n
Pipe %)alisati%n is menti%ne* in t/ree *i++erent pla'es ,it/in t/is stan*ar*0
Se'-= D1100. ,/ere t/e ma:imum all%,able %)alisati%n +
0
? #L- T/is applies +%r t/e pipeline as installe*
'%n*iti%n- T/is limitati%n is *ue t% t/e (i)en resistan'e +%rmulati%ns ,/i'/ n%t in'lu*es t/e %)ality e:pli'itly.
as ,ell as %t/er +un'ti%nal aspe'ts as state* in t/e para(rap/-
Se'-= D;00. ,/ere t/e minimum %)alisati%n +
0
? 0-=L t% be a''%unte* +%r in t/e system '%llapse '/e'&O an*
t/e '%mbine* l%a*in(- T/e '%llapse +%rmula in'lu*es t/e %)ality e:pli'itly (i)in( a l%,er resistan'e +%r a lar(er
%)ality. /en'e a minimum %)ality is pres'ribe*-
Table <-1<. *imensi%nal re2uirements. ,/ere t/e ma:imum all%,able %ut %+ r%un*ness t% be *eli)ere* +r%m
6anu+a'turer is spe'i+ie*-
T/e %)ality %+ a pipe e:p%se* t% ben*in( strain may be estimate* by E2- C1#-1;4- T/is is a '/ara'teristi' +%rmula
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$' (ommentary :;nformative< - 0age &$'
,it/%ut any sa+ety +a't%rs-
F%r +urt/er in+%rmati%n. re+eren'e is ma*e t% 6urp/ey C1HF=4-
E. A9; Ma%erial Gra"es
E )** A9; $a%erial gra"es
T/e API re2uirements t% t/e 3ra*es P;" t/r%u(/ PF0 are liste* in Table 1#-;- F%r +ull *etails see t/e API
Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r Bine Pipe CAPI Spe'i+i'ati%n =B4- T/e S6RS an* S6TS )alues (i)en in 6Pa in t/e table
bel%, are '%n)erte* +r%m t/e API spe'i+i'ati%n Cin &si4. an* *i++er sli(/tly +r%m t/e me'/ani'al pr%perties in
Se'-< Table <-=. ,/i'/ apply +%r t/is stan*ar*-
F. 9i(e-in-(i(e an" 6'n"les
F )** 9i(e-in-(i(e an" 6'n"les general
T/is stan*ar* may (enerally be applie* +%r pipe-in-pipe an* bun*les i+ t/e l%a* e++e't 'al'ulati%ns are
per+%rme* a*e2uately-
Stru'tural parts %+ pipe-in-pipe system 'an be *e+ine* as inner pipe. %uter pipe. intermittent layers an* bul&
/ea*s-
T/e same sa+ety 'lass +%r inner pipe an* %uter pipe +%r pipe-in-pipe an* bun*les s/%ul* be sele'te* ,it/in t/e
l%'ati%n 'lass- In 'ase it 'an be *%'umente* t/at a l%,er sa+ety 'lass +%r t/e inner pipe %r %uter pipe *%es n%t
alter t/e net +ailure pr%bability %+ t/e pipe-in-pipe. a l%,er sa+ety 'lass may be sele'te* Csa+ety 'lass may /en'e
be *i++erent +%r *i++erent +ailure m%*es4-
@/en a pipe-in-pipe enters t/e plat+%rm area. typi'ally a /i(/er sa+ety 'lass is re2uire*. i-e- a ,all t/i'&ness
'/an(e in t/e inner pipe- I+ t/e %uter pipe /as a l%,er DIt. ,/i'/ is n%rmally t/e 'ase. t/is ,ill rupture in 'ase
%+ lea&a(e t/r%u(/ t/e inner pipe- In 'ase %+ a rat/er sl%, pressure buil* up in t/e annulus. t/e release is e2ually
pr%bable al%n( t/e len(t/. in'lu*in( t/e plat+%rm J%ne. a*Guste* +%r t/e len(t/- Hen'e. enterin( t/e plat+%rm
J%ne may re2uire a t/i'&er %uter pipe- Alternati)ely. t/e inner pipe may be *esi(ne* +%r t/e /i(/est sa+ety 'lass
al%n( t/e +ull len(t/. %r +lui* '%mmuni'ati%n in t/e annulus bet,een l%'ati%n 'lass 1 an* " is /in*ere*-
D%'umentati%n %+ ne, pipe-in-pipe systems %r bun*les '%n'epts s/%ul* be 'arrie* %ut usin( te'/n%l%(y
2uali+i'ati%n te'/ni2ues- F%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ne, te'/n%l%(y. re+eren'e is (i)en t% DNV-RP-A"0#-
T/e *istan'e bet,een t/e bul& /ea*s are typi'ally (%)erne* by t/e stru'tural resp%nse an* t/e ass%'iate*
un'ertainties- Furt/er. tie-ins an* p%tential /%t-taps s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere*- T/e *esi(n %+ t/e bul& /ea*s s/%ul*
als% assess '%nse2uen'e assessments relate* t% *ama(e %+ t/e bul& /ea*s- Distan'e bet,een ,ater st%ps s/%ul*
be base* up%n '%nse2uen'e e)aluati%ns
F 4** Design l!a" e++ec%s an" "esign li$i% s%a%es
B%a* e++e't 'al'ulati%n re2uires &n%,le*(e ab%ut t/e a'tual lay%ut %+ system. t/is is a main '/allen(e '%mpare*
a sin(le pipe system- B%a* e++e't 'al'ulati%n may /a)e a**iti%nal un'ertainties '%mpare* t% sin(le pipe
C1#-1;4
Ta6le )8-4 A9; Ma%erial Gra"es
)P'
Grade
S$9S S$TS
.si $Pa .si $Pa
P;" ;" "FH >0 ;1#
P;> ;> #1< ># ;#;
P=" =" #=F >> ;==
P=> => #F> <1 ;FH
P>0 >0 ;1# <= =1<
P>= >= ;;F << =#0
P<0 <0 ;F" F" =>=
PF0 F0 ==1 H0 >"0
&si ? >-FH= 6PaO 1 6Pa ? 0-1;= &siO &si ? 1000 psi Clb +Iin"4
+
0
+
0
0- 0#0 1
D
1"0t
---------- - W
\
| |
"
'
D
t
----
\
| |
"
W
1
P
e
P
'
----- E
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ?
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$' (ommentary :;nformative< - 0age &$1
systems0
1 A:ial +ri'ti%n an* sli*in( in bet,een t/e inner an* %uter pipe Cn%te t/at t/ere is n% bu%yan'y %n inner pipe
resultin( in t/at e)en i+ t/e +ri'ti%n +a't%r is l%,er '%mpare* t% bet,een %uter pipe an* s%il. t/e +ri'ti%n
+%r'e '%ul* be lar(e4
1 !en*in( intera'ti%n bet,een inner an* %uter pipe. plasti'ity in t/e *i++erent pipes an* l%a* trans+er s/all be
ta&en int% a''%unt. re+- 3%plen C"0114
1 Temperature *i++eren'e an* *i++erent s%ur'es %+ /eatin(
1 In+luen'e %+ spa'ers *esi(n. p%siti%n an* t%leran'es-
A pipe-in-pipe system t/at e:pan*s Cas a:ial %r lateral m%ti%ns4 ,ill in+luen'e t/e a:ial l%a*s in b%t/ inner- an*
%uter pipe0
1 Inner pipe in '%mpressi%n Ce2ual %r /i(/er '%mpare* t% sin(le pipe4
1 Outer pipe in tensi%n C/i(/er tensi%n '%mpare* t% sin(e pipe4-
Bimit state 'riteria in Se'-= are )ali* +%r ea'/ %+ t/e pipes- In 'ase bene+i'ial '%mbine* e++e't %+ inner pipe an*
%uter pipe s/all be '%nsi*ere*. t/is s/all be *%'umente* Ce-(- '%llapse4-
%mpare* t% a sin(le pipe s%luti%n t/e 'l%se t% Jer% pressure in t/e annulus may imply /i(/er ,all t/i'&ness
in t/e inner pipe 'ause* by t/e pressure '%ntainment re2uirement Cburst4- Furt/er. t/e ben*in( 'apa'ity %+ t/e
%uter t/inner pipe may be l%,er an* /en'e in+luen'e %n t/e t%tal ben*in( 'apa'ity %+ t/e pipe-in-pipe system-
%llapse is an issue t/r%u(/%ut li+e time %+ t/e %uter pipe as t/e pressure in t/e annulus %+ten is 'l%se t% Jer%
an* ,ill be un'/an(e* *urin( li+etime-
T/e DNV-RP-F110 '%)erin( (l%bal bu'&lin( 'an be applie* +%r a pipe-in-pipe in 'ase t/e pipeline 'an be
'%nsi*ere* t% /a)e b%n*in( in a:ial *ire'ti%n- !%n*in( is /ere relate* t% n% a:ial sli*in( bet,een t/e inner an*
%uter pipe- Hen'e a b%n*e* pipe ,ill /a)e e2ual *ispla'ement pattern +%r b%t/ inner an* %uter pipe- An un-
b%n*e* pipe-in-pipe ,ill +a'e lar(er un'ertainties an* /i(/er *e(ree %+ ran*%mness in t/e imitati%n %+ (l%bal
bu'&les an* p%st bu'&lin( be/a)i%r- T/is must be re+le'te* in t/e *esi(n appr%a'/ an* in t/e applie* sa+ety
+a't%rs- T/e +ri'ti%n bet,een t/e pipes is relate* t% me'/ani'al pr%perties %+ spa'ers. insulati%n. r%llers et'- t/at
is use* in t/e annulus- T/e +ri'ti%n is in+luen'e* by 'ur)ature in t/e pipe an* t/e %perati%nal '%n*iti%ns %+ t/e
pipe- T/e /i(/er pressure an* temperature. t/e /i(/er +ri'ti%n is %btaine*-
Pipe-in-pipe /as a /i(/ %n-b%tt%m stability le)el *ue t% t/e /i(/ submer(e* ,ei(/t. /%,e)er. t/e p%tential +%r
sin&in( int% s%il. parti'ular +lui*iJe* san* %r s%+t 'lay 'an be /i(/ an* s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere* +%r b%t/ t/e
installati%n an* t/e %perati%nal p/ase-
Desi(n %+ bul& /ea*s ,ill imply a '%*e brea&. see Se'-= F-
T/e a''eptable *ent siJe +%r t/e %uter pipe s/all be as +%r a sin(le pipe. unless lar(er a''eptable impa'ts 'an be
*%'umente*- Di++erent impa't l%'ati%ns an* '%nse2uen'es t% be assesse* Ce-(- impa't at spa'er. bul& /ea*s
et'-4-
An%*e *esi(n ,ill n%rmally be e2ual t% sin(le pipe-
F 8** C!ns%r'c%i!n $an'+ac%'re
F%r pipe-in-pipe an* bun*les t/e inner pipe an* %uter pipe s/all /a)e e2ual re2uirements t% manu+a'ture %+
linepipe. ,el*in( an* '%nne'ti%n- Temperature s/%ul* be m%nit%re* in t/e in*i)i*ual pipes *urin(
'%nstru'ti%n- T%leran'es relate* t% *istan'e &eepers Cspa'ers. +%am et'4 t% be establis/e* an* *%'umente*-
6easure sli*in( bet,een inner an* %uter pipe *urin( '%nstru'ti%n %+ stal&s
F 4** C!ns%r'c%i!n !++sh!re
T/e e++e't %+ t/e installati%n by reelin( %n t/e )ari%us parts %+ t/e pipe-in-pipe system s/%ul* be a''%unte* +%r
in'lu*in( strai(/tenin( %+ inner an* %uter pipe *urin( %++-reelin(. re+- En*al C1HHF4- F%r installati%n by S-lay
%r 7-lay sli*in( %+ t/e inner pipe s/all be e)aluate*-
Bea& testin( %+ t/e annulus 'an be 'arrie* %ut t% in'rease '%n+i*en'e in t/e '%nstru'ti%n an* installati%n %+ t/e
pipeline. e-(- pressure testin( %+ t/e annulus-
Durin( system pressure test t/ere ,ill be n% e:ternal pressure %n inner pipe. an* t/is may a++e't t/e ,all
t/i'&ness siJin( %+ t/e inner pipe-
F #** O(era%i!n
Inspe'ti%n p%ssibilities are m%re limite* +%r pipe-in-pipe an* bun*les. an* /en'e *ete'ti%n %+ '%rr%si%n in
annulus an* e:ternal '%rr%si%n is '/allen(in(- Furt/er. *ete'ti%n %+ lea&s int% annulus C+r%m internal %r e:ternal
+lui*s4 may n%t be easily i*enti+ie* an* t/e ass%'iate* en)ir%nment in t/e annulus 'ann%t be +ully '%ntr%lle* %r
re)erse*- D%'umentati%n %+ t/e inte(rity in t/e %perati%n p/ase may be limite* +%r a pipe-in-pipe '%mpare* t%
a sin(le pipe- T/is ,ill a(ain a++e't t/e li+e-time e:tensi%n an* re-assessment %+ t/e pipeline-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
!ec.$' (ommentary :;nformative< - 0age &$2
G. ;ns%alla%i!n
G )** Sa+e%7 class "e+ini%i!n
Installati%n %+ pipeline an* pipeline '%mp%nents is n%rmally *e+ine* as sa+ety 'lass l%,- H%,e)er. i+ t/e
installati%n a'ti)ity imp%se a /i(/er ris& t% pers%nnel. en)ir%nment %r t/e assets. a /i(/er Ssa+ety 'lassT s/%ul*
be use*- Su'/ a'ti)ities may typi'ally be repair. ,/ere t/e system is s/ut *%,n. but t/e pr%*u'ti%n me*ium is
still ,it/in t/e system. m%*i+i'ati%ns t% e:istin( system %r installati%n %perati%ns ,/ere +ailure may lea* t%
e:tensi)e e'%n%mi' l%ss. see als% !100-
G 4** C!a%ing
In 'ase n% %t/er *ata is a)ailable t/e +%ll%,in( 'riteri%n s/%ul* be use*- T/e mean %)erben* strain0
s/%ul* satis+y0
,/ere
D ? %uter steel *iameter
R ? stin(er ra*ius
mean
? 'al'ulate* mean %)erben* strain
a:ial
? a:ial strain '%ntributi%n
''
? 1-0= sa+ety +a't%r +%r '%n'rete 'rus/in(
''
? limit mean strain (i)in( 'rus/in( %+ t/e '%n'rete- P%siti)e strain *en%tes tensile strain-
T/e mean %)erben* strain at ,/i'/ '%n'rete 'rus/in( +irst %''urs *epen*s %n t/e pipe sti++ness. t/e '%n'rete
stren(t/ an* t/i'&ness. t/e a:ial +%r'e an* t/e s/ear resistan'e %+ t/e '%rr%si%n '%atin(- rus/in( %''urs at
l%,er mean %)erben* strains +%r l%,er '%n'rete stren(t/. l%,er a:ial +%r'e. /i(/er pipe sti++ness an* /i(/er
s/ear resistan'e- I+ n% %t/er in+%rmati%n is a)ailable. '%n'rete 'rus/in( may be assume* t% %''ur ,/en t/e
strain in t/e '%n'rete Cat t/e '%mpressi)e +ibre in t/e mi**le %+ t/e '%n'rete t/i'&ness4 rea'/es 0-"L-
F%r '%n'rete '%atin( %+ ;0 mm t/i'&ness %r m%re. t%(et/er ,it/ asp/alt '%rr%si%n '%atin(. a '%nser)ati)e
estimate %+
''
is 0-""L +%r ;"b pipelines an* 0-";L +%r 1>b pipelines. ,it/ linear interp%lati%n in bet,een-
Re+eren'e is ma*e t% En*al C1HH=4 %r Ness C1HH=4-
G 8** Si$(li+ie" la7ing cri%eria
T/is simpli+ie* layin( 'riteria may be use* as a preliminary simpli+ie* 'riteri%n %+ t/e l%'al bu'&lin( '/e'&
*urin( early *esi(n sta(es- It *%es n%t superse*e any %+ t/e +ailure m%*e '/e'&s as (i)en in t/e n%rmati)e part
%+ t/e stan*ar*-
In a**iti%n t% t/e simpli+ie* stress 'riteria (i)en bel%,. t/e limit states +%r '%n'rete 'rus/in( CK"004. Fati(ue
CSe'-= DF004 an* R%tati%n CSe'-= H"004 s/all be satis+ie*- Re+eren'e is +urt/er ma*e t% En*al et- al- C1HH=4 +%r
*is'ussi%n %n t/e R%tati%n limit state-
5verbend
F%r stati' l%a*in( t/e 'al'ulate* strain s/all satis+y riteri%n I in Table 1#-=- T/e strain s/all in'lu*e e++e'ts %+
ben*in(. a:ial +%r'e an* l%'al r%ller l%a*s- E++e'ts *ue t% )aryin( sti++ness Ce-(- strain '%n'entrati%n at +iel*
G%ints %r bu'&le arrest%rs4 nee* n%t be in'lu*e*-
F%r stati' plus *ynami' l%a*in( t/e 'al'ulate* strain s/all satis+y riteri%n II in Table 1#-=- T/e strain s/all
in'lu*e all e++e'ts. in'lu*in( )aryin( sti++ness *ue t% +iel* G%ints %r bu'&le arrest%rs-
Sagbend
F%r '%mbine* stati' an* *ynami' l%a*s t/e e2ui)alent stress in t/e sa(ben* an* at t/e stin(er tip s/all be less
t/an
,it/ all l%a* e++e't +a't%rs set t% unity-
C1#-1=4
C1#-1>4
Ta6le )8-# Si$(li+ie" cri%eria= !-er6en"
%riterion AS= AIH AI= AHJ
I 0-"<0L 0-"=0L 0-"#0L 0-"0=L
II 0-#"=L 0-#0=L 0-"H0L 0-">0L
e2
M 0-F< times +
y
C1#-1<4
mean
"R
-------
a"i al
W E ?
cc
mean
cc
+
=
"
ma: .
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &&&
spe'i+ie* in A100. A#00 an* 10# are +ul+ille*-
)*4 T/e (eneri' EA is base* %n Be)el #! C+ra'ture resistan'e 'ur)e nee*e*4 a''%r*in( t% !S <H10 ,it/
amen*ments an* a*Gustments as *es'ribe* in t/is Appen*i:- T/e 'ra'& (r%,t/ in'lu*in( bluntin( Ct%tal a minus
a
0
4 s/all be measure* +%r all t/e SENT tests- F%r ea'/ set C# spe'imens4 %ne test s/all be teste* bey%n*
ma:imum l%a* Cn%t'/ %penin( *ispla'ement CV4 at ma:imum l%a* multiplie* by 1-14. %ne test s/all be teste*
t% ma:imum l%a* an* %ne test s/all be unl%a*e* be+%re ma:imum l%a*-
)*8 T/is (eneri' EA is n%t appli'able +%r t/e +%ll%,in( situati%ns0
1 'la* %r line* pipelines Cspe'ial a*)i'e must be s%u(/t4
1 pipelines subGe'te* t% a '%mbinati%n %+ internal %)erpressure an*
l.n%m
_ 0-;L. see D"0= Clast part4
1 ,/ere t/e (irt/ ,el*s /a)e un*er-mat'/in( stren(t/ '%mpare* t% t/e parent pipe. see D110
1 i+ m%re t/an = tensile strain 'y'les Cplasti' ben*in( %+ pipe in t/e same *ire'ti%n up t% = times4 are applie*
Ce-(- %ne '%ntin(en'y %perati%n *urin( reelin( installati%n is a''eptable4
1 i+ t/e (irt/ ,el*s are n%t teste* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Table A-". Subse'ti%n 3 an* Appen*i: !
1 i+ t/e linepipes /a)e n%t been teste* an* *esi(ne* a''%r*in( t% Se'-> an* Se'-<
1 i+ t/e *i++eren'e in yiel* stress bet,een a*Ga'ent linepipes e:'ee*s 100 6Pa
1 i+ t/e stress-strain 'ur)e e:/ibit a Bc*er plateau Cyiel* *is'%ntinuity in t/e stress-strain 'ur)e4 an* t/e
ma:imum len(t/ %+ t/e plateau seen *urin( pr%*u'ti%n tensile testin( an* tensile testin( a''%r*in( t% Table
A-" e:'ee*s "L
1 i+ e:perimentally *etermine* )alues %+ 7 *% n%t meet t/e re2uirements spe'i+ie* in Table A-# t% Table A-
> Csee Fi(ure #4
1 i+ si(ni+i'ant p%p-ins Csee e-(- !S <;;F0 Part 1 an* ;. AST6 E1F"0 %r ISO 1=>=#4 %r unstable +ra'ture
%''ur pri%r t% ma:imum l%a* *urin( +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin(
1 i+ (e%metry. applie* strain. +ra'ture t%u(/ness an* ma:imum misali(nment are n%t ,it/in t/e limitati%ns
spe'i+ie* in Table A-# t% Table A->
1 i+ t/e +%ll%,in( RSI8TS rati%s are n%t met *urin( t/e pr%*u'ti%n 2uali+i'ati%n tests %r t/e parent pipe
tensile testin( spe'i+ie* in Table A-"0
1 RSI8TS 0-H0 +%r -6n ,it/ S6RS === 6Pa
1 RSI8TS 0- F= +%r 1#r
)*4 I+ any %+ t/e re2uirements spe'i+ie* in 10# are n%t met. a +ull EA s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t%
Subse'ti%n D-
)*# @/ere t/e pipeline is subGe'te* t% +ati(ue *urin( %perati%n %r installati%n t/e ma:imum all%,able +la,
siJes *etermine* +r%m Tables A-# t% A-> s/all be a*Guste* t% a''%unt +%r p%ssible +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n F-
)*5 I+ EA is per+%rme* +%r t/e %perati%nal p/ase base* %n (eneri' EA +%r t/e installati%n p/ase. t/e 'ra'&
/ei(/t s/all be in'rease* by 0-= mm +%r t/e subse2uent %perati%nal EA i+ 0-;L M
l.n%m
1-0L *urin(
installati%n- I+
l.n%m
e:'ee*e* 1L *urin( installati%n t/e 'ra'& /ei(/t s/all be in'rease* by 1-0 mm +%r t/e
subse2uent %perati%nal EA in %r*er t% a''%unt +%r tearin(-
Fig're 8
N! > a %es% res'l%s shall en"-'( insi"e %he area in"ica%e"
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &&'
Ta6le A-4 Tes%ing re<'ire" +!r 'se !+ Kgeneric ECAL +!r s%rain c!n"i%i!ns
e<'al %! !r larger %han *.4B
)/= 4/
Type of test #ocation/6eld procedure Test *uantity
@el* metal tensile testin(
;4. =4
3irt/ ,el* #
Parent pipe tensile testin(
;4. =4
Parent pipe. l%n(itu*inal =
7 R testin( %+ SENT spe'imens
=4.
>4
6ain line # spe'imens +%r ea'/ n%t'/ p%siti%n. see
Appen*i: !
7 R testin( %+ SENT spe'imens
=4.
>4
D%uble G%int # spe'imens +%r ea'/ n%t'/ p%siti%n. see
Appen*i: !
7 R testin( %+ SENT spe'imens
=4.
>4
T/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repair
CTTR4
# spe'imens +%r ea'/ n%t'/ p%siti%n. see
Appen*i: !
7 R testin( %+ SENT spe'imens
=4.
>4
Partial repair
#4
# spe'imens +%r ea'/ n%t'/ p%siti%n. see
Appen*i: !
14 All ,el* pr%'e*ures ,/i'/ /a)e *i++erent essential )ariables a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: . Table -" s/all be teste*-
"4 T/e test temperatures an* material '%n*iti%n t% be teste* s/all be as spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n 3-
#4 I+ t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure an* /eat input is e2ual t% t/e t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repair pr%'e*ure. t/is testin( may be
%mitte*- I+ repeate* repairs are permitte* %r a(ree* rele)ant mi'r%stru'tures must be teste*-
;4 I+ pr%*u'ti%n tensile testin( is per+%rme* at t/e assessment temperature an* +ull stress-strain 'ur)es are establis/e*.
a**iti%nal tensile testin( is n%t re2uire*-
=4 T/e spe'imen (e%metry an* test re2uirements are spe'i+ie* in Appen*i: !-
>4 T/e bluntin( s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e tearin( len(t/-
Ta6le A-8 Ma,i$'$ all!1a6le +la1 siCes= a 4c O$$P= $a,i$'$ s%rain= *.4B
l=n!$
Q )B
)/= 4/= 8/
2
C4/mm N .2/m
J
D
4ominal outer diameter+ LR <JR+ 6T N nominal wall thic.ness
%($n7 S$9S >H= %($n7 S$9S N >LH %($n7 S$9S N HHH <K%r7 S$9S N HH=
>0
<H 6T B JH 6T JH <H 6T B JH 6T JH <H 6T B JH 6T JH <H 6T B JH 6T JH
7
0-=
? ;00 # "= # == # "= # ;0 # "0 # #0 # #0 # >0
an* ; "0 ; "= ; 1= ; "= ; 1= ; "0 ; "0 ; #=
7
1-0
? >00 = 1= = "0 = 1= = "0 = 10 = 1= = 1= ; "=
7
0-=
? >00 # =0 # 100 # ;= # H0 # #= # F0 # ;= # H=
an* ; #0 ; =0 ; "= ; ;= ; "0 ; ;0 ; "= ; ==
7
1-0
? F00 = "0 = #= = "0 = #0 = 1= = "= = "0 = ;0
7
0-=
? F00 # <0 # 1=0 # >= # 1;= # == # 11= # =0 # 100
an* ; ;0 ; F0 ; #= ; <0 ; #0 ; >0 ; #0 ; <0
7
1-0
? 1000 = "= = =0 = "= = ;= = "0 = ;0 = "= = =0
ma:
`mma. see D"0= 1-F "-= 1-F "-= 1-F "-= 1-F "-=
14 Bar(er all%,able +la, siJes may be a''eptable base* %n +ull EA-
"4 Only a''eptable i+ testin( as spe'i+ie* in Table A-" /as been per+%rme*-
#4 6a:imum all%,able +la, siJe. a "' re+ers t% /ei(/t an* len(t/ respe'ti)ely %+ b%t/ sur+a'e brea&in( an* embe**e* +la,s- I+
t/e embe**e* +la, is l%'ate* 'l%se t% t/e sur+a'e Cli(ament /ei(/t less t/an /al+ t/e +la, /ei(/t4 t/e li(ament /ei(/t bet,een t/e
+la, an* t/e sur+a'e s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e +la, /ei(/t- T/e 8TIA8T +la, siJin( err%r must be subtra'te* +r%m t/e ma:imum
all%,able +la, /ei(/t t% establis/ t/e 8TIA8T ,el* +la, a''eptan'e 'riteria. see Appen*i: D an* Appen*i: E-
;4 Als% a''eptable +%r ""r an* "=r pipelines-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &&1
Ta6le A-4 Ma,i$'$ all!1a6le +la1 siCes= a 4c O$$P= $a,i$'$ s%rain= *.4B
l=n!$
Q )B
)/= 4/= 8/
2
C4/mm N .2/m
J
D
4ominal outer diameter+ <JR B <IR+ 6T N nominal wall thic.ness
%($n7 S$9S >H= %($n7 S$9S N >LH %($n7 S$9S N HHH <K%r7 S$9S N HH=
>0
<H 6T B JH 6T JH <H 6T B JH 6T JH <H 6T B JH 6T JH <H 6T B JH 6T JH
7
0-=
? ;00 # #= # <= # #0 # == # "= # ;0 # ;0 # H0
an* ; "0 ; #0 ; "0 ; #0 ; 1= ; "= ; "= ; ;=
7
1-0
? >00 = 1= = "= = 1= = "0 = 1= = "0 = "0 = #0
7
0-=
? >00 # >= # 1=0 # >0 # 1#= # =0 # 11= # >= # 1;=
an* ; #= ; <= ; #0 ; >= ; "= ; =0 ; #= ; F0
7
1-0
? F00 = "= = ;= = "0 = ;0 = "0 = #0 = "= = =0
7
0-=
? F00 # H= # 1=0 # F= # 1=0 # F0 # 1=0 # <= # 1=0
an* ; =0 ; 11= ; ;= ; 100 ; ;0 ; F= ; ;= ; 10=
7
1-0
? 1000 = #= = <0 = #0 = >0 = "= = =0 = #0 = <0
ma:
`mma.
see D"0=
1-F "-= 1-F "-= 1-F "-= 1-F "-=
14 Bar(er all%,able +la, siJes may be a''eptable base* %n +ull EA-
"4 Only a''eptable i+ testin( as spe'i+ie* in Table A-" /as been per+%rme*-
#4 6a:imum all%,able +la, siJe. a "' re+ers t% /ei(/t an* len(t/ respe'ti)ely %+ b%t/ sur+a'e brea&in( an* embe**e* +la,s- I+
t/e embe**e* +la, is l%'ate* 'l%se t% t/e sur+a'e Cli(ament /ei(/t less t/an /al+ t/e +la, /ei(/t4 t/e li(ament /ei(/t bet,een t/e
+la, an* t/e sur+a'e s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e +la, /ei(/t- T/e 8TIA8T +la, siJin( err%r must be subtra'te* +r%m t/e ma:imum
all%,able +la, /ei(/t t% establis/ t/e 8TIA8T ,el* +la, a''eptan'e 'riteria. see Appen*i: D an* Appen*i: E-
;4 Als% a''eptable +%r ""r an* "=r pipelines-
Ta6le A-# Ma,i$'$ all!1a6le +la1 siCes= a 4c O$$P= $a,i$'$ s%rain= *.4B
l=n!$
Q )B
)/= 4/= 8/
2
C4/mm N .2/m
J
D
4ominal outer diameter+ @ <IR+ 6T N nominal wall thic.ness
%($n7 S$9S >H= %($n7 S$9S N >LH %($n7 S$9S N HHH <K%r7 S$9S N HH=
>0
<H 6T B JH 6T JH <H 6T B JH 6T JH <H 6T B JH 6T JH <H 6T B JH 6T JH
7
0-=
? ;00 # ;0 # H0 # #0 # <0 # "= # =0 # =0 # 1"=
an* ; "0 ; #= ; "0 ; #= ; 1= ; #0 ; #0 ; >0
7
1-0
? >00 = 1= = "= = 1= = "= = 1= = "= = "0 = ;0
7
0-=
? >00 # F0 # 1=0 # <0 # 1=0 # >0 # 1;0 # F= # 1=0
an* ; ;0 ; H0 ; #= ; <= ; #0 ; >0 ; ;= ; 10=
7
1-0
? F00 = "= = =0 = "= = ;= = "0 = #= = "0 = >=
7
0-=
? F00 # 1"0 # 1=0 # 10= # 1=0 # H= # 1=0 # 100 # 1=0
an* ; >0 ; 1;= ; =0 ; 1"= ; ;= ; 10= ; >0 ; 1;=
7
1-0
? 1000 = #= = F0 = #= = <0 = #0 = >0 = ;0 = H0
ma:
`mma.
see D"0=
1-= "-0 1-= "-0 1-= "-0 1-= "-0
14 Bar(er all%,able +la, siJes may be a''eptable base* %n +ull EA-
"4 Only a''eptable i+ testin( as spe'i+ie* in Table A-" /as been per+%rme*-
#4 6a:imum all%,able +la, siJe. a "' re+ers t% /ei(/t an* len(t/ respe'ti)ely %+ b%t/ sur+a'e brea&in( an* embe**e* +la,s- I+
t/e embe**e* +la, is l%'ate* 'l%se t% t/e sur+a'e Cli(ament /ei(/t less t/an /al+ t/e +la, /ei(/t4 t/e li(ament /ei(/t bet,een t/e
+la, an* t/e sur+a'e s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e +la, /ei(/t- T/e 8TIA8T +la, siJin( err%r must be subtra'te* +r%m t/e ma:imum
all%,able +la, /ei(/t t% establis/ t/e 8TIA8T ,el* +la, a''eptan'e 'riteria. see Appen*i: D an* Appen*i: E-
;4 Als% a''eptable +%r ""r an* "=r pipelines-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &&2
D. Gir%h Wel"s 'n"er S%rain-6ase" !a"ing Assesse" Acc!r"ing %! ECA S%a%ic - F'll
D )** General
)*) T/e assessment pr%'e*ure spe'i+ie* in t/is subse'ti%n /as been use* su''ess+ully +%r many years- It is
&n%,n t/at t/e Qcrac. driving forceR CDF4 +%r (irt/ ,el*s ,it/%ut misali(nments an* ,el* resi*ual stresses
is ina''urately assesse* in s%me 'ases- H%,e)er. t/e ,el* metal /as typi'ally %)er-mat'/in( stren(t/
'%mpare* ,it/ t/e parent pipe material an* t/is is n%t a''%unte* +%r in t/e assessments- Furt/erm%re. t/e
*e+initi%n %+ ,el* resi*ual stresses are belie)e* t% be '%nser)ati)e an* base* %n (eneral in*ustry e:perien'e
t/e ,/%le assessment met/%*%l%(y /as pr%)en t% be '%nser)ati)e-
It is n%t a''eptable t% rela: t/e ma(nitu*e %+ ,el* resi*ual stresses t% l%,er t/an spe'i+ie* in t/is Appen*i: %r
t% ma&e %t/er inputs less si(ni+i'ant t/an spe'i+ie* in t/is Se'ti%n ,it/%ut +urt/er e)i*en'e- Assessment
appr%a'/es n%t in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/is Appen*i: s/all be '%mpare* ,it/ DF *eri)e* ,it/ *e*i'ate* FE
analyses. see Subse'ti%n E-
I+ %t/er pr%'e*ures t/an spe'i+ie* in t/is Subse'ti%n are use* t% *eri)e ,el* +la, a''eptan'e 'riteria t/e results
,ill in (eneral n%t satis+y t/is Stan*ar* an* it must be up t% t/e en* user t% a''ept t/e +inal ,el* +la, a''eptan'e
'riteria *eri)e*-
)*4 T/e re'%mmen*e* pr%'e*ure is t% assess ma:imum all%,able e:ternal sur+a'e +la,s. internal sur+a'e
+la,s an* embe**e* +la,s ,it/ li(ament /ei(/t #mm- H%,e)er. it is a''eptable t% %nly assess sur+a'e brea&in(
+la,s an* t% re(ar* t/e ma:imum all%,able +la, /ei(/ts assesse* as )ali* als% +%r embe**e* +la,s ,it/ t/e
same len(t/-
Table A-< spe'i+ies /%, t/e 'riti'al +la, siJes s/all be assesse* a''%r*in( t% t/is pr%'e*ure-
Ta6le A-5 Ma,i$'$ all!1a6le +la1 siCes= a 4c O$$P= $a,i$'$ s%rain= ).*B Q
l=n!$
Q 4.4#B
)/= 4/= 8/
2
C4/mm N .2/m
J
D
4ominal outer diameter+ LR <IR+ 6T N nominal wall thic.ness
%($n7 S$9S >H= %($n7 S$9S N >LH %($n7 S$9S N HHH <K%r7 S$9S N HH=
>0
<H 6T B JH 6T JH <H 6T B JH 6T JH <H 6T B JH 6T JH <H 6T B JH 6T JH
7
0-=
? ;00 # "0 # #= # "0 # #0 # 1= # "= # 1= # "=
an* ; 1= ; "0 ; 1= ; "0 ; 10 ; 1= ; 10 ; "0
7
1-0
? >00 = 10 = 1= = 10 = 1= ; 10 = 10 = 1=
7
0-=
? >00 # #= # F= # #= # <= # #0 # >0 # #0 # >0
an* ; "0 ; ;0 ; "0 ; #= ; "0 ; #0 ; "0 ; #0
7
1-0
? F00 = 1= = #0 = 1= = "= = 1= = "0 = 1= = "=
7
0-=
? F00 # ;= # H= # ;= # H= # ;= # H= # #= # <=
an* ; #0 ; >= ; #0 ; >0 ; "= ; =0 ; "= ; =0
7
1-0
? 1000 = "0 = ;0 = "0 = ;0 = "0 = #0 = 1= = #0
ma:
`mma.
see D"0=
1-= "-0 1-= "-0 1-= "-0 1-= "-0
14 Bar(er all%,able +la, siJes may be a''eptable base* %n +ull EA
"4 Only a''eptable i+ testin( as spe'i+ie* in Table A-" /as been per+%rme*
#4 6a:imum all%,able +la, siJe. a "' re+ers t% /ei(/t an* len(t/ respe'ti)ely %+ b%t/ sur+a'e brea&in( an* embe**e* +la,s- I+
t/e embe**e* +la, is l%'ate* 'l%se t% t/e sur+a'e Cli(ament /ei(/t less t/an /al+ t/e +la, /ei(/t4 t/e li(ament /ei(/t bet,een t/e
+la, an* t/e sur+a'e s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e +la, /ei(/t- T/e 8TIA8T +la, siJin( err%r must be subtra'te* +r%m t/e ma:imum
all%,able +la, /ei(/t t% establis/ t/e 8TIA8T ,el* +la, a''eptan'e 'riteria. see Appen*i: D an* Appen*i: E
;4 Als% a''eptable +%r ""r an* "=r pipelines
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &&3
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is n%t re2uire* t% '%n*u't t/ree *i++erent types %+ +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( t% '%)er e:ternal sur+a'e. internal
sur+a'e an* embe**e* sur+a'e i+ t/e result representin( %ne +la, type is representati)e %r '%nser)ati)e +%r an%t/er
+la, type. e-(- +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( in air at minimum installati%n temperature (i)es representati)e +ra'ture
t%u(/ness *es'ripti%n +%r all +la, types assesse* in an EA +%r t/e installati%n sta(e- See als% Subse'ti%n 3 an*
Appen*i: !
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
T/e applie* primary stresses s/all be *e+ine* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ "0=-
)*8 F%r l%a*-'%ntr%lle* '%n*iti%ns. t/is pr%'e*ure may be +%ll%,e* pr%)i*e* !10H is +%ll%,e*-
)*4 I+ t/e (eneri' EA is n%t appli'able %r i+ t/e ma:imum all%,able +la, siJes assesse* by EA (eneri'
are n%t as re2uire*I*esirable a +ull EA s/all be per+%rme* ,/i'/ may impr%)e t/e results-
)*# T/e EA pr%)i*es all%,able +la, /ei(/ts ,it/%ut 8TIA8T +la, siJin( err%r- F%r *eterminati%n %+ ,el*
+la, a''eptan'e 'riteria. see Appen*i: D an* Appen*i: E-
)*5 T/e linepipes s/all be teste* an* *esi(ne* a''%r*in( t% Se'-> an* Se'-< an* t/e (irt/ ,el*s s/all be teste*
a''%r*in( t% Table A-F. Subse'ti%n 3 an* Appen*i: !-
)*& T/e EA stati' E +ull pr%'e*ure is %nly a''eptable i+ limitati%ns spe'i+ie* in A100 an* A#00 applies-
)*2 Full EA re2uires m%re testin( t/an t/e (eneri' EA. see Table A-" an* Table A-F- Tests alrea*y
per+%rme* +%r a (eneri' EA may be use* ,/en '%nstru'tin( t/e 7 R-'ur)es re2uire* +%r t/e +ull EA-
)*: T/e 'ra'& (r%,t/ in'lu*in( bluntin( Ct%tal a minus a
0
4 s/all be measure* +%r all t/e SENT tests- A
minimum %+ > SENT spe'imens s/%ul* be use* t% '%nstru't a 7 R-'ur)e +%r ea'/ ,el* pr%'e*ure '%nsi*ere*-
It is su((este* t/at %ne spe'imen is teste* bey%n* ma:imum l%a* Cn%t'/ %penin( *ispla'ement CV4 at
ma:imum l%a*. multiplie* by at least 1-1 Ct/is is parti'ularly imp%rtant +%r t/inner test spe'imens44. t/at t,%
spe'imens are teste* t% ar%un* ma:imum l%a* an* t/at t/e remainin( # spe'imens are unl%a*e* pri%r t%
ma:imum l%a* at *i++erent V )alues- It is *esirable t% /a)e %ne test ,it/ less t/an 0-#mm 'ra'& e:tensi%n-
Ta6le A-& Assess$en% !+ cri%ical +la1 siCes
Type of flaw Stress intensity
factor solution
Reference stress
solution
&racture toughness 6eld residual
stress+ 8
m
$
&
-SSM<=
E:ternal sur+a'e
+la,s
As per !S <H10.
plate s%luti%n
6-#-"
!S <H10. 'ylin*er
s%luti%n. P-;-#-"
SENT testin( in
en)ir%nment representati)e
+%r t/e e:ternal sur+a'e
E2ual t% RS
%+ parent pipe.
uni+%rm
t/r%u(/
t/i'&ness-
Rela:ati%n
un*er t/e
in+luen'e %+
t/e applie*
l%a*s is
all%,e*-
N%t
re2uire* i+
l.n%m
e:'ee*s
0-;L
Internal sur+a'e
+la,s
As per !S <H10.
plate s%luti%n
6-;-#-#-"
!S <H10. 'ylin*er
s%luti%n. P-;-#-"
SENT testin( in
en)ir%nment representati)e
+%r t/e internal sur+a'e
14
Embe**e* +la,s As per !S <H10.
plate s%luti%n
6-#-;
%r 6-#-" Csur+a'e
+la,4
!S <H10. plate
s%luti%n. P-#-;
%r P-;-#-"
Csur+a'e +la,4
SENT testin( in
en)ir%nment representati)e
+%r embe**e* +la,s
14 It is n%t re2uire* t% spe'i+i'ally assess embe**e* +la,s ,/ere t/e *istan'e t% t/e nearest sur+a'e Cli(ament /ei(/t4 is su'/ t/at
t/e li(ament /ei(/t is m%re t/an /al+ t/e +la, /ei(/t itsel+- In su'/ 'ase t/e embe**e* +la, may be '%nsi*ere* e2ually as a
sur+a'e +la, ,it/ t/e same /ei(/t an* len(t/- I+ t/e li(ament /ei(/t is less t/an /al+ t/e embe**e* +la, /ei(/t t/e +la, s/all be
*e+ine* as a sur+a'e +la, ,/ere t/e +la, /ei(/t is *e+ine* as t/e li(ament /ei(/t plus t/e embe**e* +la, /ei(/t- It is /%,e)er
al,ays a''eptable t% assess embe**e* +la,s as embe**e* +la,s in a plate in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !S <H10 but t/is ,ill (i)e
'%nser)ati)e results-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &&4
It is als% a''eptable t% '%nstru't a 7 R-'ur)e +r%m a sin(le-spe'imen pr%'e*ure i+ t/e pr%'e*ure is su++i'iently
)ali*ate*- I+ a sin(le-spe'imen pr%'e*ure is use* t/e '/ara'teristi' 7 R-'ur)e s/all be '%nstru'te* su'/ t/at n%
parts %+ t/e 7 R-'ur)es %btaine* +r%m testin( is l%,er t/an t/e '/ara'teristi' 'ur)e use* in t/e assessments-
))* T/e parent pipe tensile pr%perties an* t/e ,el* metal tensile pr%perties s/all be assume* t% be e)en-
mat'/in( in t/e assessment. i-e- t/e stress-strain 'ur)e %+ t/e parent pipe material s/all be use* in t/e
assessments- !e'ause %+ t/e assumpti%n %+ e)en-mat'/in(. it is assume* t/at t/e primary stresses are e2ual +%r
+la,s l%'ate* at t/e Fusi%n Bine CFB4 an* +%r +la,s l%'ate* ,it/in t/e ,el* metal-
I+ ,el* metal stren(t/ %)ermat'/ is n%t %btaine* +%r all material '%n*iti%ns. t/e pr%'e*ure +%r *eterminati%n %+
applie* stresses spe'i+ie* in D"0= is n%t a''eptable an* spe'ial a*)i'e must be s%u(/t-
A stren(t/ %)ermat'/in( ,el* is %btaine* i+ t/e tensile stress-strain 'ur)es +%r t/e ,el* metal are /i(/er t/an
t/e tensile stress-strain 'ur)e %+ t/e parent pipe +%r all material '%n*iti%ns- T/is is '%nsi*ere* +ul+ille* i+ t/e
results +r%m tensile testin( s/%, t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 All RS an* 8TS )alues %+ t/e ,el* metal is at least as /i(/ as t/e /i(/est RS an* 8TS )alues +%r t/e parent
pipe material respe'ti)ely-
an*
1 T/e mean )alue %+ RS an* 8TS +%r t/e ,el* metal is /i(/er t/an t/e mean )alue %+ RS an* 8TS +%r t/e
parent pipe respe'ti)ely plus t/e stan*ar* *e)iati%n multiplie* by t/e +a't%r U +r%m Table A-H-
))) @el* resi*ual stresses s/all in (eneral be assume* t% be uni+%rm an* e2ual t% t/e yiel* stress %+ t/e parent
pipe an* rela:ati%n a''%r*in( t% !S <H10 is a''eptable- I+ t/e ,el* resi*ual stress *istributi%n is *%'umente*
by su++i'ient simulati%ns. it is a''eptable t% *e+ine t/e stress *istributi%n m%re a''urately. but t/en rela:ati%n
a''%r*in( t% !S <H10 is n%t a''eptable- T/e yiel* stress use* +%r *eterminin( t/e ,el* resi*ual stress s/%ul*
be '%nsistent ,it/ t/e assume* stress-strain 'ur)e-
))4 @/ere t/e pipeline is subGe'te* t% +ati(ue l%a*in( *urin( installati%n an*I%r %perati%n t/e ma:imum
all%,able +la, siJes *etermine* +r%m t/e EA s/all be a*Guste* t% a''%unt +%r p%ssible +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/
i+ re2uire* a''%r*in( t% !10< an* Subse'ti%n F- Fati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ analyses s/all be per+%rme* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n F-
D 4** Assess$en% $e%h!"!l!g7
4*) Strain base* assessments ,it/
l.n%m
e:'ee*in( 0-;L *urin( installati%n s/all be 'arrie* %ut in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ !S <H10 at assessment Be)el #! ,it/ amen*ments an* a*Gustments as *es'ribe* in t/is
Appen*i:- I+
l.n%m
is less t/an 0-;L it is a''eptable t% 'arry %ut a Be)el "! assessment in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !S
<H10 ,it/ amen*ments an* a*Gustments as *es'ribe* in t/is Appen*i:- !%t/ assessments base* %n t/e Be)el
"! an* #! pr%'e*ures re2uire t/at material spe'i+i' stress-strain 'ur)es are establis/e*- Fra'ture resistan'e
'ur)es C7 R- %r TOD R-'ur)e4 is +urt/er re2uire* +%r assessments a''%r*in( t% Be)el #! ,/ile sin(le
parameter +ra'ture t%u(/ness is re2uire* +%r Be)el "! CTOD %r 74-
It is re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e +ra'ture resistan'e 'ur)es are presente* as 7 R-'ur)es establis/e* +r%m SENT testin(
a''%r*in( t% DNV-RP-F10F. an* Appen*i: ! Csee als% Subse'ti%n 3 +%r +urt/er *etails4- T/is is t% ensure t/at
a p%ssible ,el* +la, ,ill n%t lea* t% +ra'ture *ue t% *u'tile tearin(- Furt/er. an assessment at Be)el #! +%r t/e
Ta6le A-2 Tes%ing re<'ire" +!r gir%h 1el"s in (i(elines 1i%h ca%eg!r7 ECA s%a%ic F'll ECA
)/= 4/
Type of test #ocation/6eld procedure Test *uantity
@el* metal tensile testin(
;4. =4
3irt/ ,el* #
Parent pipe tensile testin(
;4. =4
Parent pipe. l%n(itu*inal =
7-R testin( %+ SENT spe'imens
=4. >4
6ain line One 7 R-'ur)e Cminimum > SENT4 +%r ea'/
n%t'/ p%siti%n. see Appen*i: !
7-R testin( %+ SENT spe'imens
=4. >4
D%uble G%int One 7 R-'ur)e Cminimum > SENT4 +%r ea'/
n%t'/ p%siti%n. see Appen*i: !
7-R testin( %+ SENT spe'imens
=4. >4
T/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repair
CTTR4
One 7 R-'ur)e Cminimum > SENT4 +%r ea'/
n%t'/ p%siti%n. see Appen*i: !
7-R testin( %+ SENT spe'imens
=4. >4
Partial repair
#4
One 7 R-'ur)e Cminimum > SENT4 +%r ea'/
n%t'/ p%siti%n. see Appen*i: !
14 All ,el* pr%'e*ures ,/i'/ /a)e *i++erent essential )ariables a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: . Table -" s/all be teste*-
"4 T/e test temperatures an* material '%n*iti%n t% be teste* s/all be as spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n 3-
#4 I+ t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure an* /eat input is e2ual t% t/e t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repair pr%'e*ure. t/is testin( may be %mitte*- I+ repeate*
repairs are permitte* %r a(ree* rele)ant mi'r%stru'tures must be teste*-
;4 I+ pr%*u'ti%n tensile testin( is per+%rme* at t/e assessment temperature an* +ull stress-strain 'ur)es are establis/e*. a**iti%nal
tensile testin( is n%t re2uire*-
=4 T/e spe'imen (e%metry an* test re2uirements are spe'i+ie* in Appen*i: !-
>4 T/e bluntin( s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e tearin( len(t/-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &&5
installati%n p/ase pr%)i*es in+%rmati%n ab%ut t/e +la, siJe a+ter installati%n ,/i'/ is nee*e* +%r assessin(
p%ssible +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ an* +ra'ture *urin( %perati%n-
F%r t/e %perati%nal p/ase '%nsi*erin( a '%mbinati%n %+ internal %)erpressure an* l%n(itu*inal l%a*in( see last
part %+ "0=-
4*4 I+ an EA is per+%rme*. t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements an* re'%mmen*ati%ns are appli'able0
1 T/e n%minal ,all t/i'&ness minus t/e manu+a'turin( t%leran'e %+ t/e pipe s/all be use* in assessments
'%nsi*erin( installati%n Ci-e- t
1
? t - t
+ab
4-
1 A suitable '%rr%si%n all%,an'e s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e assessments *urin( t/e %perati%nal li+e %+ t/e
pipeline- At t/e en* %+ *esi(n li+e t/e ,/%le '%rr%si%n all%,an'e s/all be subtra'te*. Ci-e- t
"
? t - t
+ab
- t
'%rr
4-
1 In 'ase %+ +itness-+%r-purp%se e)aluati%ns it is a''eptable t% base t/e t/i'&ness %n inspe'te* )alues-
1 T/e assessments s/all be t/%r%u(/ly *e+ine* an* presente* su'/ t/at t/e assessment results are
repr%*u'ible by a #r* party-
1 T/e sensiti)ity %+ *i++erent input parameters an* t/e '%nser)atism %+ t/e results s/%ul* be e)aluate* an*
*is'usse*-
4*8 Re2uire* inputs +%r an assessment a''%r*in( t% EA Stati' E Full. are0
1 pipe *imensi%ns. ,el* *imensi%ns an* *imensi%nal t%leran'es
1 tensile pr%perties in t/e +%rm %+ '%mplete en(ineerin( stress-strain 'ur)es +%r t/e parent pipe material an*
e)i*en'e t/at t/e ,el* metal stress-strain 'ur)e %)er-mat'/es t/e parent pipe stress-strain 'ur)e. see D110
1 +ra'ture t%u(/ness *ata +%r spe'imens ,it/ n%t'/es l%'ate* b%t/ ,it/in t/e ,el* metal an* at %r near t/e
+usi%n b%un*ary as spe'i+ie* in t/is Appen*i: an* Appen*i: !
1 t/e B
r
'ut-%++ )alue Csee D"0F4
1 ma:imum a''eptable tearin( Cstable 'ra'& e:tensi%nI(r%,t/4 Csee D"0H4
1 applie* strain /ist%ry *urin( t/e installati%n p/ase an* se'%n*ary stresses Ce-(- resi*ual stresses +r%m t/e
,el*in( %r installati%n pr%'esses4
1 applie* ma:imum l%n(itu*inal *esi(n stressIstrain appli'able t% t/e %perati%nal li+e
1 'y'li' stress /ist%ry appli'able t% t/e pipeline ,/ilst it is in t/e lay 'atenary '%n+i(urati%n an* *urin( t/e
%perati%nal li+e-
4*4 Tensile pr%perties an* stress-strain 'ur)e +%r strain-base* assessments s/all be *etermine* as +%ll%,s0
1 tensile testin( per+%rme* *urin( pr%*u'ti%n %r 2uali+i'ati%n s/all be issue* t% t/e EA '%ntra't%r an* t/e
results s/all be '%nsi*ere* ,/en t/e material spe'i+i' stress-strain 'ur)e is '%nstru'te*
1 stress-strain 'ur)es up t% t/e uni+%rm el%n(ati%n Cstrain at 8TS4 s/%ul* be rep%rte* +r%m t/e tensile testin(
1 t/e tensile pr%perties use* in t/e EA s/all *es'ribe a '/ara'teristi' /i(/ stress-strain 'ur)e ,it/ l%, strain
/ar*enin(- T/is /i(/ stress-strain 'ur)e s/all be '%nstru'te* base* %n tensile test results +r%m t/e rele)ant
material '%n*iti%n as +%ll%,s0
1 '/ara'teristi' yiel* stress CRS4 *e+ine* as eit/er t/e spe'i+ie* ma:imum yiel* stress. %r t/e mean yiel*
stress establis/e* +r%m testin( plus +a't%r : multiplie* ,it/ t/e stan*ar* *e)iati%n. ,/ere U is t% be
ta&en +r%m Table A-H
1 tensile stren(t/ C8TS4 *e+ine* as t/e minimum 8TSIRS rati% e:istin( in t/e test p%pulati%n Ci-e- t/e
tensile tests ,it/ t/e l%,est 8TSIRS rati%n4 multiplie* by t/e '/ara'teristi' /i(/ RS
1 t/e stress-strain 'ur)e s/all /a)e a Bc*er plateau as rele)ant an* t/e strain at 8TS Cuni+%rm el%n(ati%n4
s/all n%t be l%,er t/an t/e mean uni+%rm el%n(ati%n )alue establis/e* +r%m t/e testin(-
1 Table A-H (i)es t/e '/ara'teristi' yiel* stress +%r strain-base* l%a*in( *e+ine* as t/e F;-1L +ra'tile Cmean
)alue plus %ne stan*ar* *e)iati%n4 ,it/ H=L '%n+i*en'e
1 i+ parametri' +%rmulas are use* t/e resultin( stress-strain 'ur)e s/all +it t/e s/ape %+ t/e e:perimental
results reas%nably ,ell. espe'ially ar%un* yiel*
Ta6le A-: N'$6er !+ s%an"ar" "e-ia%i!ns Z %! 6e a""e" %! $ean GS %! "eri-e charac%eris%ic s%ress-
s%rain (r!(er%ies +!r s%rain-6ase" l!a"ing
4umber of tests+ n :
# =-01
= "-F"
10 1-H#
1= 1->H
"0 1-=<
#0 1-;;
=0 1-#"
100 1-""
1-00
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &&6
1 true unia:ial stress-strain 'ur)es s/all be use* as basis +%r t/e +ailure assessment 'ur)e- En(ineerin( stress-
strain 'ur)es s/all be '%n)erte* t% true stress-strain 'ur)es as +%ll%,s0
1 an* ,ere s. e represent true stress an* true strain an* . represent en(ineerin(
stress an* strain- T/ese '%rrelati%n +%rmulas are %nly )ali* up t% t/e en(ineerin( 8TS-
1 +%r l%a* '%ntr%lle* '%n*iti%ns see !10# an* !10H-
4*# Determinati%n %+ t/e applie* stresses s/all +%ll%, t/e +%ll%,in( pr%'e*ure0
1 F%r unia:ial l%a*in( t/e n%minal stress s/all be *etermine* +r%m t/e n%minal strain +r%m t/e '/ara'teristi'
stress-strain 'ur)e +%r strain-base* l%a*in( C/i(/ 'ur)e ,it/ l%, strain /ar*enin(. see D"0;4- T/is stress is
*e+ine* as t/e primary membrane stress. P
m
. a''%r*in( t% !S <H10-
1 F%r %perati%nal 'ases '%nsi*erin( '%mbine* internal %)er-pressure an* l%n(itu*inal strain see t/e
instru'ti%ns at t/e en* %+ t/is para(rap/-
1 Assumpti%ns %+ l%'al *ispla'ement '%ntr%l in)%l)in( rela:ati%n %+ t/e stress le)el *ue t% 'ra'& (r%,t/ are
n%t a''eptable-
1 T/e n%minal stress s/all be in'rease* be'ause %+ an assume* stress '%n'entrati%n +a't%r CSF4 *ue t%
misali(nment at t/e (irt/ ,el*- T/e Neuber appr%a'/ may be applie*- T/e stress ma(ni+i'ati%n is *e+ine*
as a primary ben*in( stress. P
b
. a''%r*in( t% !S <H10-
T/e SF use* in t/e EA 'al'ulati%n +%r e:ternal +la,s may be 'al'ulate* a''%r*in( t% DNV-RP-"0#0
It is a''eptable t% 'al'ulate t/e SF ,it/ t/e +%ll%,in( assumpti%ns. see Fi(ure ;0
T/e hi/lo s/%ul* be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D. Table D-;- H%,e)er. ,el* '%ntra't%rs %+ten spe'i+y a
ma:imum )alue %+ hi/lo
ROOT
,/i'/ is smaller t/an t/e all%,able /iIl%- T/is is a''eptable but must be
*%'umente*- N%te t/at hi/lo
ROOT
may be less t/an t/e misali(nment-
E2- A-"
@/ere
E2- A-#
E2- A-;
T an* t ? @all t/i'&ness %+ t/e pipes %n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e (irt/ ,el*. T _ t
? E''entri'ities C,all t/i'&ness *i++eren'es. %ut-%+-r%un*ness. 'entre e''entri'ities et'-4
B
AP
? @i*t/ %+ ,el* 'ap
D ? Outsi*e *iameter %+ pipe
?
E2- A-=
( ) 1 + = s ( ) 1 ln + = e
\
|
+
+ = e
t
T
t
S%&
1
1 >
1
Cappli'able +%r TIt M "4
\
|
+
=
t
T t
#
%)P
1
1 F" - 1
"
l%(
0 - #
l%(
0 - 1
= - 1
(
\
|
+
|
\
|
=
t
"
I I
%)P R55T
lo hi lo hi +
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &'%
Fig're 4
;ll's%ra%i!n !+ h!1 %he $a,i$'$ SCF $a7 6e ass'$e"
F%r internal sur+a'e +la,s %+ sin(le si*e* ,el*s a l%,er SF may be use*. base* %n t/e +%ll%,in(0
,/ere
Embe**e* +la,s in t/e upper /al+ %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness s/all in'lu*e a SF as use* +%r e:ternal sur+a'e +la,s-
Embe**e* +la,s in t/e l%,er /al+ %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness s/all in'lu*e a SF as use* +%r internal sur+a'e +la,s-
T/e Neuber met/%* ,as %ri(inally *e)el%pe* t% assess strains at n%t'/es- It /as been e:tensi)ely use* +%r
pipeline (irt/ ,el*s subGe'te* t% plasti' strains ,it/ (%%* e:perien'e an* /as been a*%pte* +%r use in t/is
Appen*i:-
T/e Neuber met/%* is *e+ine* by t/e +%ll%,in( e2uati%n0
,/ere
An illustrati%n %+ t/e Neuber rule is s/%,n in Fi(ure =-
E2- A->
B
AP
? @i*t/ %+ ,el* 'ap
B
ROOT
? @i*t/ %+ ,el* r%%t
SF
AP
? SF +%r e:ternal sur+a'e +la,s *etermine* +r%m ab%)e e2uati%ns
E2- A-<
SF ? elasti' stress '%n'entrati%n +a't%r
1
? n%minal stress Ce:'lu*in( SF4
1
? n%minal strain Ce:'lu*in( SF4
"
? a'tual stress Cin'lu*in( SF4
"
? a'tual strain Cin'lu*in( SF4
( )
%)P
R55T
%)P R55T
#
#
S%& S%& 1 1 + =
"
1 1 " "
S%& =
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &'$
Fig're #
;ll's%ra%i!n !+ %he Ne'6er r'le
N%rmally. t/e l%'al stress intensity ma(ni+i'ati%n +a't%r 6
&
is applie* t% ,el*e* '%nne'ti%ns- T/is in'reases
t/e stress intensity +a't%r t% a''%unt +%r t/e presen'e %+ t/e ,el* t%e- It is a''eptable t% e:'lu*e t/e 6
&
+a't%r
+%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s i+
l.n%m
is e:'ee*in( 0-;L pr%)i*e* t/e applie* stress is *e+ine* a''%r*in( t% t/e
pr%'e*ure spe'i+ie* ab%)e-
I+ t/e *i++eren'e in yiel* stress bet,een a*Ga'ent pipes e:'ee*s 100 6Pa. see Se'-<. I#0#. %r t/e ,all t/i'&ness
t%leran'es spe'i+ie* in Se'-<. Table <-1< t% Table <-1H. are n%t +ul+ille*. n%n-linear FE analyses s/all be
per+%rme*. eit/er t% *etermine '%rre't applie* stresses %r t% per+%rm a Be)el # Cs%li* #D FE +ra'ture
me'/ani's4 assessment-
@el* resi*ual stresses s/all be assume* +%r (irt/ ,el*s in t/e as-,el*e* '%n*iti%n. see D111-
Re'ent resear'/ /as s/%,n t/at t/e '%mbinati%n %+ internal %)er-pressure an* l%n(itu*inal l%a*in( may be
m%re %ner%us t/an l%n(itu*inal l%a*in( al%ne- H%,e)er. t/ere is 'urrently n% )ali*ate* an* (enerally a''epte*
pr%'e*ure +%r assessin( t/e '%mbine* l%a*in( an* ea'/ 'ase s/all be e)aluate* separately an* t/e pr%'e*ure
a''epte* by all parties-
T/e resear'/ results in*i'ate t/at t/e re*u'ti%n in strain 'apa'ity is 'ause* by an in'rease in t/e 'ra'& *ri)in(
+%r'e Capplie* 7 %r applie* TOD4 but t/at t/e material +ra'ture t%u(/ness is n%t in+luen'e*- T/is means t/at
i+ t/e 'ra'& *ri)in( +%r'e is *etermine* +r%m *e*i'ate* s%li* #D FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analyses %r ,ell
*%'umente* an* )ali*ate* resear'/ results it is a''eptable t% use SENT testin( t% *etermine t/e +ra'ture
resistan'e als% +%r t/e '%mbinati%n %+ internal %)er-pressure an* l%n(itu*inal l%a*in(-
F%r assessments %+ situati%ns ,it/ l%n(itu*inal strains.
l.n%m
. e2ual t% %r less t/an 0-;L un*er internal %)er-
pressure t/e applie* stress. P
m
. may be *etermine* as +%ll%,s0
1 T/e ma:imum bia:ial l%n(itu*inal stress in t/e pipeline base* %n FE analyses t/at in'lu*e t/e in+luen'e %+
internal %)er-pressure-
%r
1 T/e bia:ial l%n(itu*inal stress.
b-a
. 'al'ulate* as0
,/ere
%r
E2- A-F
u-a
? 8nia:ial l%n(itu*inal stress *etermine* +r%m
l.n%m
an* t/e unia:ial stress-strain 'ur)e
/
? H%%p stress
" "
;
#
"
h a u
h
a b
+ =
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &'&
T/e bi-a:ial e++e't is n%t in'lu*e* in t/e applie* stress. but t% '%mpensate +%r t/is e++e't /i(/ '%nstraint SEN!
spe'imens s/all be teste* t% ensure '%nser)ati)e +ra'ture t%u(/ness-
T/e true unia:ial stress-strain 'ur)e s/all be use* t% *e+ine t/e FAD an* t/e unia:ial yiel* stress s/%ul* be use*
t% *etermine t/e )alue %+ B
r
- P%ssible misali(nments s/all be a''%unte* +%r als% +%r bi-a:ial '%n*iti%ns- It is
a''eptable t% apply t/e Neuber rule base* %n t/e bi-a:ial stress an* t/e uni-a:ial stress-strain 'ur)e-
F%r assessment %+ situati%ns ,it/ l%n(itu*inal strains.
l.n%m
. ab%)e 0-;L un*er internal %)er-pressure s%li* #D
FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analyses s/all be per+%rme*. see Subse'ti%n E-
4*5 T/e re+eren'e stress.
re+
. s/all be 'al'ulate* a''%r*in( t% t/e s%luti%ns spe'i+ie* in Table A-<-
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is a''eptable t% use %t/er re+eren'e stress s%luti%ns t/an spe'i+ie* in Table A-< i+ t/%se are pr%)en t% be a''urate
'%mpare* ,it/ #D FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analyses- In su'/ 'ases it is a''eptable t% *e+ine t/e ,el* resi*ual stress in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ E"0>-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*& T/e stress intensity +a't%r s/all be 'al'ulate* a''%r*in( t% t/e s%luti%ns spe'i+ie* in Table A-<-
4*2 T/e Failure Assessment Dia(ram CFAD4 'ann%t be e:ten*e* t% arbitrarily lar(e plasti' *e+%rmati%ns an*
a 'ut-%++ limit Cre+erre* as B
r
'ut-%++ %r B
r.ma:
4 +%r t/e B
r
CB
r
?
re+
IRS4 a:is must be *e+ine*-
It is a''eptable +%r strain-base* assessments t% *e+ine t/e B
r
'ut-%++ )alue as en(ineerin( 8TSIRS %+ t/e parent
pipe representin( t/e '/ara'teristi' /i(/ stress-strain 'ur)e +%r t/e '%rre't material '%n*iti%n. see D"0; an*
Subse'ti%n 3- T/e B
r
'ut-%++ )alue s/all n%t e:'ee* 1-=-
4*: T/e 7 R-'ur)es C%r TOD R-'ur)es4 t% be use* in a Be)el #! assessment a''%r*in( t% t/is Appen*i:
s/all be a '/ara'teristi' l%, 'ur)e +itte* t% all 7-a test *ata- It is n%t a''eptable +%r e:perimentally *eri)e* 7-
a C%r TOD-a4 test p%ints t% be l%,er t/an t/e 7 R-'ur)e applie* in t/e assessment-
4)* It is re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e a''umulate* tearin( +r%m all installati%n strain 'y'les Cn%t in'lu*in( +ati(ue4
*%es n%t e:'ee* 1 mm- F%r )alues /i(/er t/an t/is. t/e tearin( assesse* +%r %ne strain in'rement in t/e EA
s/all n%t e:'ee* t,%-t/ir*s %+ t/e tearin( measure* at t/e ma:imum l%a* +%r t/e SENT spe'imens-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e re'%mmen*e* limitati%n t% tearin( *urin( installati%n is t% a)%i* tearin( instability ,it/ s%me sa+ety mar(in-
H%,e)er. i+ t/e sa+ety mar(in is s/%,n t% be lar(e base* %n e)aluati%n ab%ut l%a*in( m%*e. tearin( resistan'e. +la,
siJe an* pipe (e%metry lar(er tearin( may be reas%nable-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4)) I+ a Be)el "! assessment is per+%rme* Cn% +ra'ture t%u(/ness resistan'e 'ur)e4. t/e 'riti'al 7 C%r TOD4
s/all be *e+ine* base* %n t/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( as +%ll%,s0
All test results s/all represent %ne /%m%(ene%us (r%up Ci*enti'al mi'r%stru'ture an* testin( '%n*iti%ns et'-4
an* t/e re2uirements %+ !S <H10 Anne: K-"-# s/all be satis+ie*-
E. Use !+ Fini%e Ele$en% .FE/ Frac%'re Mechanics Anal7ses %! Assess Ma,i$'$ All!1a6le
Fla1 SiCes
E )** General
)*) FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analyses may be use* t% assess ma:imum all%,able +la, siJes. but in su'/ 'ases
it s/%ul* be re'%(niJe* t/at t/e sa+ety mar(in mi(/t n%t be t/e same as i+ t/e pr%'e*ure spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n
D ,as use*- In (eneral. it is re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e pr%bability %+ +ra'ture s/%ul* be e)aluate* t% ensure t/at
t/e tar(et sa+ety 'lass re2uirements are satis+ie*. see Se'-" Table "-=- H%,e)er. met/%*s +%r '%n*u'tin( t/is
type %+ assessment are n%t +ully *e)el%pe*- 8ntil su'/ met/%*s are a)ailable. it is t/ere+%re re'%mmen*e* t/at
,/ere FE +ra'ture me'/ani's is use*. t/e *eri)e* ma:imum all%,able +la, siJe is limite* t% n% /i(/er t/an t/e
,%r&mans/ip 'riteria *es'ribe* in Appen*i: D- T/e purp%se %+ t/e analysis is t/en t% *em%nstrate t/at su'/
+la,s are t%lerable- S/%ul* an appr%a'/ be *e)el%pe* t% e:ten* t/is +urt/er by *em%nstratin( a*e2uate
pr%bability %+ +ra'ture. t/e appr%a'/ use* s/%ul* be a(ree* %n a pr%Ge't by pr%Ge't basis by all parties-
)*4 In (eneral s%li* #D FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analyses are re'%mmen*e*- 8se %+ %t/er *e*i'ate* s%+t,are
pr%(rams is a''eptable i+ t/e (e%metry an* +la, siJes assesse* are ben'/mar&e* a(ainst *e*i'ate* s%li* #D FE
Ta6le A-)* Frac%'re %!'ghness %es%ing
4umber of fracture
toughness results
!*uivalent fracture
toughness value
# t% = B%,est
> t% 10 Se'%n* l%,est
11 t% 1= T/ir* l%,est
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &''
+ra'ture me'/ani's analyses +ul+illin( t/e re2uirements spe'i+ie* in t/is Subse'ti%n- T/e use %+ su'/ t%%ls s/all
als% in'lu*e in'rease in DF *ue t% p%ssible ,el* misali(nments an* ,el* resi*ual stresses an* t/e a''ura'y
%+ DF ma(ni+i'ati%n must be Gusti+ie*- S%me (eneral (ui*an'e an* re2uirements t% s%li* #D FE +ra'ture
me'/ani's analyses are (i)en in E"00-
E 4** FE $!"el
4*) @/en FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analyses simulatin( strain-base* l%a*in( are per+%rme* an* ,/ere t/e
ma:imum all%,able +la, siJes are t% be *etermine* %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in( pr%'e*ures are re'%mmen*e*0
1 A minimum %+ # FE analyses ,it/ stati%nary +la,s ,it/ *i++erent /ei(/ts but e2ual len(t/ are per+%rme*
an* t/e DF is pl%tte* )s- t/e +la, /ei(/t- T/e instability p%int may t/en be *etermine* as t/e tan(en'y
p%int bet,een t/e 'ur)e base* %n t/e FE pre*i'ti%ns an* t/e tearin( resistan'e 'ur)e establis/e* by testin(
%+ t/e rele)ant material '%n*iti%n-
1 A FE analysis simulatin( 'ra'& (r%,t/ +%r instan'e t/e 3urs%n-T)er(aar*-Nee*leman +%rmulati%n-
4*4 T/e DF is *epen*ent %+ t/e m%*el 2uality- In %r*er t% (et a''urate results it is imp%rtant t/at0
1 T/e mes/ re+inement is a*e2uate an* )ali*ate* as ne'essary. +%r e:ample by un*erta&in( a mes/
'%n)er(en'e stu*y-
1 Appr%priate elements are sele'te*-
1 T/e material stress-strain pr%perties are *e+ine* a''urately-
1 T/e t%tal m%*el len(t/ is su++i'ient t% ensure t/at t/e DF is n%t un*uly in+luen'e* by en* e++e'ts-
1 T/e b%un*ary '%n*iti%ns an* l%a*s are applie* in su'/ a ,ay as t% simulate as 'l%sely as p%ssible. t/e a'tual
l%a*in( '%n*iti%n-
4*8 F%r strain-base* l%a*in( an '/ara'teristi' /i(/ stress-strain 'ur)e ,it/ little strain /ar*enin( s/all be
basis +%r t/e stress-strain 'ur)e assi(ne* t% t/e parent pipe material. see D"0;- T/e '/ara'teristi' ,el* metal
stress-strain 'ur)e s/all be l%,- F%r stress-base* l%a*in( b%t/ t/e '/ara'teristi' parent pipe material an* t/e
'/ara'teristi' ,el* metal stress-strain 'ur)es s/all be l%,-
4*4 T/e applie* strain may be *e+ine* eit/er base* %n t/e r%tati%n %+ t/e pipe en*s %r as t/e strain at t/e %uter
'ur)ature appr%:imately at mi* *istan'e bet,een t/e n%t'/ an* t/e pipe en*- F%r reelin( installati%ns et'- it is
a''eptable t% simulate t/at t/e pipe is bent a(ainst a +%rmer ,it/ t/e a'tual ra*ius-
4*# It is a''eptable t% use FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analyses as basis +%r a*Gustin( t/e pr%'e*ure +%r 'al'ulatin(
t/e DF an* t/en t% per+%rm t/e a*Guste* EA in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e remainin( parts %+ Subse'ti%n D-
P%ssible s%luti%ns may be t% '/an(e t/e stress-strain 'ur)e use* in t/e Appen*i: A base* EA. t% '/an(e t/e
applie* stresses. t% use an%t/er re+eren'e stress s%luti%n %r a '%mbinati%n- I+ t/is appr%a'/ is use* t/e a''ura'y
%+ t/e DF 'al'ulati%n a''%r*in( t% t/e sele'te* pr%'e*ure s/all be '%mpare* ,it/ DF *etermine* +r%m s%li*
#D FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analyses-
4*5 F%r t/e +inal EA ,/i'/ ,ill /a)e m%re a''urate DF 'al'ulati%ns t/an pre*i'te* a''%r*in( t% t/e
Subse'ti%n D pr%'e*ure it is a''eptable t% *e+ine t/e ,el* resi*ual stress as an a**iti%nal strain *e+ine* as RSI
E ,/i'/ in m%st 'ases ,ill be less '%nser)ati)e-
I+ t/e ,el* resi*ual stress pr%+ile t/r%u(/ t/e t/i'&ness is &n%,n it is a''eptable t% simulate t/is *ire'tly in t/e
FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analysis- H%,e)er. t/e met/%*%l%(y must be )ali*ate*. Gusti+ie* an* a(ree* by all
parties-
4*& P%ssible ,el* misali(nment s/all be a''%unte* +%r in t/e FE analyses- I+ t/e FE +ra'ture me'/ani's
analyses are use* t% a*Gust t/e DF. see "0=. an* a per+e't pipe ,it/%ut misali(nment is m%*elle*. p%ssible
misali(nments s/all be in'lu*e* a''%r*in( t% D"0=-
4*2 I+ FE 'ra'& (r%,t/ simulati%ns are per+%rme* t/e 3urs%n-T)er(aar*-Nee*leman material m%*el %r
e2ui)alent is re'%mmen*e*- Any 'ra'& (r%,t/ m%*el must be 'alibrate* an* )ali*ate* a(ainst rele)ant
e:perimental results Ce-(- SENT results an* tensile testin(4- Furt/erm%re. t/e *ama(e parameters s/%ul* be
'alibrate* a(ainst t/e '/ara'teristi' tearin( resistan'e 'ur)e-
F. Gir%h Wel"s Assesse" Acc!r"ing %! ECA Fa%ig'e
F )** General
)*) I+ A10< is +ul+ille*. n% +urt/er assessments are re2uire*-
)*4 Fra'ture me'/ani's base* +ati(ue assessments in t/e /i(/-'y'le re(ime s/all be base* %n !S <H10 %r
e2ui)alent pr%'e*ures-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Hi(/-'y'le l%a*in( is n%rmally un*erst%%* t% be 'y'les %+ m%re t/an ar%un* 1000 an* stress ran(es in t/e elasti'
re(ime-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &'1
)*8 6ean plus t,% stan*ar* *e)iati%n +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ 'ur)es representin( t/e rele)ant en)ir%nment
s/all be use*-
F%r embe**e* +la,s in pipelines n%t 'lassi+ie* as s%ur it is a''eptable t% use air *ata until t/e 'ra'& e:ten*s
t/r%u(/ t/e li(ament an* be'%mes a sur+a'e 'ra'& ,/en t/e rele)ant en)ir%nmental *ata s/all be use*-
T/e +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ 'ur)es +%r R0-= s/all be use*- T/is is t% all%, +%r t/e p%tential presen'e %+ /i(/ly
tensile ,el*in( resi*ual stresses- T/e same 'ur)es s/all be use*. e)en in 'ases ,/ere s%me rela:ati%n %+
,el*in( resi*ual stresses may %''ur as t/e result %+ applie* l%a*in( %r /eat treatment-
)*4 E:ternal an* internal sur+a'e +la,s in a**iti%n t% embe**e* +la,s # mm beneat/ t/e e:ternal sur+a'e
s/%ul* be assesse*- T/e *i++erent +la, siJes s/all be *e+ine* e2ual t% t/e appli'able A8T +la, a''eptan'e
'riteri%n in'lu*in( t/e +la, siJin( err%r an* t/e +la,s s/all n%t be'%me unstable *urin( any sta(e *urin( t/e
*esi(n li+e- H%, t% per+%rm t/e +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ assessments are summarise* in Table A-1"-
)*# An SF a''%r*in( t% D"0= s/all be multiplie* by t/e n%minal stress ran(es- N%te t/at t/e SF use* in
+ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ 'al'ulati%ns s/%ul* n%t be re*u'e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e Neuber met/%* *es'ribe* in
t/e re+eren'e* 'lause- It is a''eptable t% *e+ine t/e in'rease* stress as a**iti%nal stress ran(es in ben*in(-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Bar(e sur+a'e brea&in( +la,s n%rmally *% n%t %''ur in m%*ern /i(/ 2uality pipeline (irt/ ,el*s- I+ it 'an be
substantiate* t/at sur+a'e brea&in( +la,s are n%t present it is a''eptable t% assume t/e +la,s t% be embe**e* ,it/
li(ament /ei(/t %+ # mm in t/e +ra'ture me'/ani's base* +ati(ue assessment-
I+ t/e a'tual +l%, l%'ati%n 'an be *etermine* it is a''eptable t% base t/e inte(rity assessment %n t/e a'tual l%'ati%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*5 P%ssible stable 'ra'& (r%,t/ C*u'tile tearin(4 an* +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ s/all be '%nsi*ere* in t/e
assessment- T/e assessment s/all '%n+irm t/at t/e lar(est ,el* +la,s e:pe'te* t% remain a+ter NDT an* repair
,ill n%t in'rease *urin( pipe layin( t% an e:tent su'/ t/at +ra'ture %r +ati(ue +ailure ,ill %''ur *urin( %perati%n
%+ t/e pipeline. see als% !10<-
)*& I+ t/e +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ analyses are '%mbine* ,it/ ma:imum stress %r strain assessments an* %t/er
*i++erent +ati(ue l%a* 'ases. +%r instan'e a '%mbinati%n %+ tearin( *urin( installati%n. p%ssible +ati(ue be'ause
%+ a st%p *urin( layin( an* *i++erent +ati(ue s'enari%s +r%m lateral bu'&les %r +ree spans in t/e p%st-lay p/ase.
it is a''eptable t% base t/e '%mbine* assessments %n pr%babilisti' analyses- A '%mm%n an* a(ree* pr%'e*ure
+%r /%, t/is s/%ul* be per+%rme* *%es n%t e:ist an*. /en'e. su'/ pr%'e*ure ,ill be pr%Ge't spe'i+i' an* must
be a''epte* an* a(ree* by all parties-
I+ it 'an be substantiate* t/at t/e pr%bability %+ '%mbinin( t,% *i++erent l%a* 'ases is less t/an 10
-#
it is
a''eptable n%t t% '%mbine t/em- H%,e)er. all l%a* 'ases s/all be pr%)en t% /a)e a''eptable +ra'ture limit state
Cin a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/is appen*i:4 assumin( ,el* +la,s e2ual t% t/e A8T a''eptan'e 'riteria plus t/e *e+ine*
+la, siJin( err%r in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: E. see als% !10<-
)*2 I+ all%,able +la, siJes are *etermine* by EA in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%ns %r D. %r +%r any %t/er
reas%n are lar(er t/an spe'i+ie* in Appen*i: D. t/e +ati(ue li+e assessment s/all be base* %n S-N 'ur)es
)ali*ate* +%r t/e all%,able +la, siJes Csee Se'-= DF0F4 %r assesse* base* %n +ra'ture me'/ani's in a''%r*an'e
,it/ t/is Subse'ti%n-
As 'ra'& initiati%n is n%t in'lu*e* in t/e +ra'ture me'/ani's appr%a'/. s/%rter +ati(ue li)es are n%rmally *eri)e*
+r%m +ra'ture me'/ani's t/an by S-N *ata- H%,e)er. a ,ell-*e+ine* an* )ali*ate* pr%'e*ure +%r in'lu*in( a
p%ssible initiati%n peri%* in t/e +ra'ture me'/ani's +ati(ue appr%a'/ *%es 'urrently n%t e:ist- In %r*er t% all%,
+%r t/e a**iti%nal peri%* ass%'iate* ,it/ initiati%n. it is '%nsi*ere* a''eptable t% per+%rm t/e +ra'ture me'/ani's
+ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ assessments ,it/ a DFF e2ual t% /al+ %+ t/e )alues spe'i+ie* in Se'-= Table =-11-
Furt/erm%re. +%r analyses %+ pipelines Cn%t risers4 '%n*u'te* t% *etermine 'riti'al +la, siJes +%r senten'in(
+la,s *ete'te* *urin( +abri'ati%n C,/ere it is unli&ely t/at t/e +la,s ,ill subse2uently be l%'ate* at a p%siti%n
,/i'/ e:perien'es t/e ,%rst 'ase +ati(ue l%a*in(4. it is a''eptable t% per+%rm t/e +ra'ture me'/ani's +ati(ue
'ra'& (r%,t/ assessments ,it/%ut any sa+ety +a't%r %n t/e +ati(ue li+e 'al'ulate* Ci-e- DFF?14-
H%,e)er. i+ analyses are per+%rme* t% *etermine t/e remainin( li+e %+ +la,s t/at are suspe'te* t% be (r%,in(
Ta6le A-)) Fa%ig'e crac0 gr!1%h anal7ses
Type of flaw %rac. growth law $
&
according to -SSM<=
E:ternal sur+a'e
+la,
Eit/er base* %n pr%Ge't spe'i+i' testin( %r t/e !S<H10 'ur)es +%r
marine en)ir%nment ,it/ P as rele)ant-
Air 'ur)e a''eptable i+ it 'an be pr%)en t/at t/e e:ternal steel
sur+a'e ,ill ne)er be e:p%se* t% sea ,ater-
"D %r #D s%luti%n- B e2ual t%
t/e ,i*t/ %+ ,el* at e:ternal
sur+a'e
Internal sur+a'e
+la,
Eit/er base* %n pr%Ge't spe'i+i' testin( %r t/e m%st representati)e
!S<H10 'ur)e a)ailable i+ pr%)en '%nser)ati)e-
"D %r #D s%luti%n- B e2ual t%
t/e ,i*t/ %+ ,el* at internal
sur+a'e
Embe**e* +la, T/e air 'ur)e is a''eptable i+ it 'an be substantiate* t/at t/e +ati(ue
per+%rman'e is n%t re*u'e* *ue t% t/e en)ir%nment-
N%t re2uire*
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &'2
+ati(ue 'ra'&s C*ete'te* *urin( %perati%n4 t/en t/e DFF s/all be *e+ine* as t/e +ull )alue spe'i+ie* in Se'ti%n
= Table =-11-
G'i"ance n!%eF
In (eneral. t/e sa+ety +a't%rs t/at are use* s/%ul* *epen* %n t/e le)el %+ '%n+i*en'e ,it/ ,/i'/ t/e &ey input
parameters /a)e been *e+ine*- T/e )alues ab%)e are re'%mmen*e* %n t/e basis t/at all input parameters. in'lu*in(
t/e stress ran(e spe'tra. /a)e been *e+ine* %n a ,%rst 'ase basis- @/ere t/is is n%t t/e 'ase. /i(/er sa+ety +a't%rs may
be re2uire*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*: T/e 'riti'al +la, siJe s/all be *etermine* a''%r*in( t% Subse'ti%n D an* E as rele)ant an* '%nsi*ere*
,/en t/e +ati(ue li+e is *etermine*- T/e +ati(ue assessment s/all be per+%rme* usin( t/e rele)ant +ati(ue
l%a*in( an* +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ la, t% *etermine t/e +ati(ue li+e +r%m t/e initial +la, siJe an* until t/e 'riti'al
+la, siJe is rea'/e*-
I+ satis+a't%ry +ati(ue li+e 'ann%t be *em%nstrate* %r t/ere is a ris& %+ unstable +ra'ture be+%re %r at t/e en* %+ t/e
%perati%nal li+e. eit/er t/e ma:imum all%,able +la, siJe s/all be re*u'e* %r a'ti%ns t% re*u'e t/e +ati(ue l%a*in(
s/all be ta&en- @/ere +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ is pre*i'te* t% be less t/an 0-" mm. it 'an be assume* t% be ne(li(ible-
))* T/e +ati(ue assessment s/all '%nsi*er all l%a*in( rele)ant t% t/e *esi(n 'ase. e-(- )%rte: in*u'e*
)ibrati%n CVIV4. ben*in( stresses *ue t% spannin(. an* )aryin( l%n(itu*inal stresses *ue t% t/ermal e:pansi%n
an* '%ntra'ti%n-
Due t% p%ssible resi*ual stresses +r%m ,el*in( %r plasti' *e+%rmati%n *urin( installati%n %r %perati%n t/e
'%mpressi)e part %+ 'y'li' stresses may '%ntribute t% t/e +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ an* t/e ,/%le stress ran(e s/all
be '%nsi*ere* in t/e assessment-
))) It is a''eptable t% *e+ine t/e +ati(ue stress *istributi%n t/r%u(/ t/e ,all t/i'&ness base* %n FE analyses
pr%)i*e* t/at t/e analyses are ,ell *%'umente*-
))4 T/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e pipe ,all s/all be *e+ine* a''%r*in( t% D"0". +irst an* se'%n* bullet p%ints- In 'ase
%+ li+e e:tensi%n assessments t/e ,all t/i'&ness %+ t/e pipe s/all be re*u'e* by t/e +ull '%rr%si%n all%,an'e- I+
reliable ,all t/i'&ness measurements are a)ailable it is a''eptable t% base t/e assessment %n su'/
measurements-
))8 F%r line* %r 'la* pipelines. t/e +ati(ue li+e s/all be assume* e2ual t% t/e time ne'essary t% (r%, t/r%u(/
t/e 'la*Iliner t/i'&ness- P%ssible initial ,el* +la,s s/all be assume* as rele)ant-
F 4** !1-c7cle +a%ig'e
4*) P%ssible l%,-'y'le +ati(ue s/all be assesse*- H%,e)er. a ,ell-*e+ine*. )ali*ate* an* (enerally a''epte*
pr%'e*ure +%r t/e assessment %+ l%,-'y'le +ati(ue in pipeline (irt/ ,el*s *%es 'urrently n%t e:ist-
Any assessment met/%*. test pr%'e*ure. en)ir%nment. et'- use* +%r assessin( l%,-'y'le +ati(ue s/all t/ere+%re
be Gusti+ie*. ,ell *%'umente* an* a(ree* by all parties-
G'i"ance n!%eF
B%,-'y'le l%a*in( is n%rmally un*erst%%* t% be 'y'les less t/an ar%un* 1000 an* stressIstrain ran(es in t/e elasti'-
plasti' re(ime-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G. Tes%ing Re<'ire$en%s
G )** General
)*) Fra'ture t%u(/ness an* tensile testin( s/all be per+%rme* %n t/e materials an* material '%n*iti%ns
spe'i+ie* in Table A-1"-
)*4 Fra'ture t%u(/ness an* tensile testin( s/all be per+%rme* at t/e temperatures spe'i+ie* in Table A-1#-
)*8 6e'/ani'al testin(. +ra'ture me'/ani's testin( an* pre-strainin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% t/is
Subse'ti%n an* Appen*i: !-
)*4 T/e e:tent %+ +ra'ture me'/ani's testin( an* tensile testin( +%r t/e *i++erent EA 'ate(%ries s/all be as
spe'i+ie* in Table A-" an* Table A-F respe'ti)ely- All n%t'/ p%siti%ns spe'i+ie* in Appen*i: ! s/%ul* be teste*
an* e:'epti%ns must be t/%r%u(/ly e)aluate* an* *%'umente*-
)*# It is n%t a''eptable t% base t/e EA %n tensile an* +ra'ture t%u(/ness test results +r%m %t/er pipeline
pr%Ge'ts %nly- Separate testin( %+ all rele)ant ,el* pr%'e*ures s/all be per+%rme* +%r ea'/ pr%Ge't- Separate
tensile an* +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Tables A-". A-F. A-1" an* A-1# s/all n%rmally be
per+%rme* %n all pipe *imensi%ns use* ,it/in a pipeline pr%Ge't-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &'3
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e tensile pr%perties an* t/e s/ape %+ t/e stress-strain 'ur)e are imp%rtant an* /a)e a str%n( e++e't %n t/e 'riti'al
+la, *imensi%ns- E:perien'e s/%,s t/at +%r strain base* assessments t/e tensile pr%perties are sensiti)e t% test
temperature an* pre-strainin( an* a(ein( /ist%ry- %nser)ati)e )alues %+ t/e 'riti'al +la, *imensi%ns are *etermine*
usin( /i(/er yiel* stren(t/s an* l%, strain /ar*enin(-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*5 F%r pipeline materials sus'eptible t% en)ir%nmentally in*u'e* embrittlement t/e me'/ani'al. +ra'ture
t%u(/ness an* +ati(ue pr%perties s/all re+le't t/e a'tual en)ir%nment. see als% A#0;- I+ tensile testin(. +ra'ture
t%u(/ness testin( an* +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ testin( is per+%rme* un*er representati)e en)ir%nmental an*
l%a*in( '%n*iti%n. t/e assessment pr%'e*ure *es'ribe* in Subse'ti%n E an* F are appli'able- @/ere
en)ir%nmental pr%'esses e:/ibit a time. +re2uen'y. %r l%a*in( rate *epen*en'e. it is imp%rtant t% ensure t/at
testin( is 'arrie* %ut un*er '%n*iti%ns ,/i'/ are eit/er representati)e %+ t/e a'tual l%a*in( '%n*iti%ns. %r are
*em%nstrate* t% be '%nser)ati)e-
)*& T/e '%rresp%n*in( TOD +ra'ture t%u(/ness 'an be estimate* +r%m t/e 7 +ra'ture t%u(/ness a''%r*in(
t% t/e +%ll%,in( +%rmulas0
,/ere
I*enti'al EA results ,ill be %btaine* i+ t/e same yiel* stress is use* in t/e TOD
mat
'al'ulati%n as in t/e EA
analysis-
G 4** S%raining an" ageing
4*) F%r strain-base* EAs. a material ,it/ /i(/ yiel* stress an* l%, strain /ar*enin( s/all be assesse* an*
teste* as +ar as p%ssible- F%r stress-base* EAs. a material ,it/ l%, tensile pr%perties s/all be assesse* an*
teste* as +ar as p%ssible- T% a'/ie)e t/is it may be ne'essary t% pre-strain an* a(e t/e material pri%r t% testin(-
Pre-strainin( an* a(ein( is n%rmally n%t re2uire* +%r EA Stati' '%nsi*erin( installati%n. see als% "0;-
I+ a(in( is rele)ant. arti+i'ial a(ein( at "=0] +%r %ne /%ur s/all be per+%rme* pri%r t% any tensile testin(- T/e
a(ein( s/all be per+%rme* a+ter t/e pre-strainin( but be+%re t/e tests are per+%rme*-
4*4 T/ere are t/ree imp%rtant material me'/anisms t/at must be '%nsi*ere* ,/en t/e pre-strainin( an* a(in(
pr%'e*ure is establis/e*- T/ese are0
1 T/e S!aus'/in(er e++e'tT. as illustrate* in Fi(ure >-
1 Strain /ar*enin(. as illustrate* in Fi(ure <-
1 A(in(-
Ta6le A-)4 Re<'ire" $a%erial c!n"i%i!n +!r +rac%'re %!'ghness an" %ensile %es%ing
!%) %ategory $aterial condition to be tested
EA Stati'.
l.n%m
M 0-;L *urin( b%t/ installati%n an* %perati%n As-re'ei)e*
EA Stati'.
l.n%m
0-;L *urin( installati%n
14
As-re'ei)e*
EA Stati'. l%a*in( situati%n bein( e)aluate* ta&es pla'e m%re t/an %ne ,ee&
a+ter t/e material ,as plasti'ally *e+%rme* (
l.n%m
0-;L4 *urin( installati%n %r
%perati%n-
Pre-straine* an* a(e*
"4
14 I+ pipelines are installe* as illustrate* in Fi(ure F b4. it is a''eptable t% pre-'%mpress all material pri%r t% testin(
"4 See 3"0;-
Ta6le A-)8 Re<'ire" %es% %e$(era%'res +!r +rac%'re %!'ghness an" %ensile %es%ing
Test temperature
14
%($n and <K%r pipelines JJ%r and JH%r pipelines
T
min
"4
I+ T
min
M 0
%
I+ T
min
M 0
%
RT I+ 0
%
T
min
=0
%
I+ 0
%
T
min
20
%
T
ma:
I+ T
ma:
_ =0
%
I+ T
ma:
_ "0
%
14 I+ t/e l%a* '%n*iti%n '%nsi*ere* is realisti' +%r a ,i*e temperature ran(e. testin( at b%t/ minimum an* ma:imum temperature
s/all be per+%rme*- F%r instan'e i+ t/e temperature ran(e is bet,een 0
%
an* >0
%
. b%t/ 0
%
C%r RT4 an* >0
%
s/all be teste*-
I+ t/e temperature ran(e is bet,een -"0
%
an* 100
%
b%t/ temperatures s/all be teste*- It is t/e '%mbinati%n %+ t/e l%a*in( an*
t/e rele)ant temperature t/at must be '%nsi*ere*- Hen'e. it is n%t ne'essarily t/e minimum %r ma:imum *esi(n temperatures t/at
s/all be teste*. see als% !10;-
"4 F%r tensile tests. testin( at T
min
M 0] may be repla'e* by testin( at RT i+ t/e assesse* l%a*in( m%*e is l%a* '%ntr%lle*-
E2- A-H
RS ? T/e yiel* stress
P ? %n)ersi%n +a't%r as in A;0#
( )
"
1
=
9S A
2
%T5
mat
mat
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &'4
Fig're 5
The 3a'schinger e++ec% is a (hen!$en!n 1hich !cc'rs 1hen $a%erials are s%raine" in%! %he n!n-linear
s%ress-s%rain area in !ne "irec%i!n +!ll!1e" 67 s%raining in %he !((!si%e "irec%i!n. The e++ec% !+ s'ch
c7cling is %ha% %he re-erse" 7iel" s%ress is "ecrease"
Fig're &
C7clic s%rain har"ening is %he e++ec% seen i+ a $a%erial is s%raine" in !ne "irec%i!n +!ll!1e" 67 'nl!a"ing
6e+!re %he $a%erial is s%raine" in %he sa$e "irec%i!n !nce $!re. The e++ec% !+ s'ch c7cling is %ha% %he 7iel"
s%ress is increase" an" %ha% %he s%rain-har"ening is "ecrease"
4*8 Fi(ure F illustrates t/e m%mentI'ur)ature 'y'les +%r t,% *i++erent installati%n met/%*s intr%*u'in( lar(e
plasti' strains-
F%r reelin( installati%n. Fi(ure F a4. t/e m%st 'riti'al situati%n is t/e%reti'ally reelin(-%n at 1" %N'l%'& be'ause
t/e tensile pr%perties are represente* by t/e /i(/est stress-strain 'ur)e ,it/ little strain /ar*enin(- H%,e)er.
t/e strain in'rement may be lar(er at t/e > %N'l%'& l%'ati%n in t/e strai(/tener an* t/is situati%n s/all als% be
'%nsi*ere*-
F%r %t/er installati%n met/%*s. it is imp%rtant t/at t/e ,/%le installati%n se2uen'e is e)aluate* in %r*er t%
*etermine t/e lar(est strain in'rement- In s%me 'ases it may be a''eptable t% pre-'%mpress t/e material pri%r
t% tensile an* +ra'ture me'/ani's testin(. e-(- t/e strain in'rement mar&e* in Fi(ure F b4- In su'/ 'ases a(ein(
is n%t re2uire*-
a4 Reelin( installati%n
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &'5
4*4 I+ t/e EA in'lu*es situati%ns ,/ere t/e pipeline /as alrea*y been subGe't t% plasti' strains. t/e tensile
testin( an* +ra'ture me'/ani's testin( s/all be per+%rme* %n material representin( straine* material ,it/ a(ein(
i+ rele)ant- I+ it 'an be *%'umente* base* %n earlier e:perien'e t/at t/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness pr%perties are n%t
re*u'e* be'ause %+ pre-strainin( an* a(in( it is a''eptable t% per+%rm +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( in t/e as-
re'ei)e* '%n*iti%n-
I+ t/e l%a*in( situati%n t% be e)aluate* ta&es pla'e m%re t/an %ne ,ee& a+ter t/e material ,as plasti'ally
*e+%rme* *urin( installati%n %r %perati%n. t/e tensile testin( s/all be per+%rme* %n pre-straine* an* a(e*
material-
I+ t/e l%a* '%n*iti%n is strain-base*. t/e pre-strainin( 'y'lin( s/all en* in tensi%n be'ause t/is ,ill (i)e /i(/
tensile pr%perties an* little strain /ar*enin(-
I+ t/e l%a* '%n*iti%n is stress-base*. t/e pre-strainin( 'y'lin( s/all en* in '%mpressi%n be'ause t/is ,ill (i)e
l%, tensile pr%perties-
4*# T/e pre-strainin( s/all simulate %ne '%mplete strain /ist%ry Ci-e- t/e ,/%le installati%n se2uen'e. but n%t
'%ntin(en'y et'-4 i+ EAs are re2uire* +%r t/e %perati%nal p/ase-
H. ECA Dali"a%i!n Tes%ing
H )** General
)*) Se(ment spe'imen testin( %r +ull s'ale testin( s/all be per+%rme* +%r t/e +%ll%,in( situati%ns ,/ere
SEA stati'T is appli'able an* m%re t/an %ne strain in'rements are applie*0
1 la* %r line* pipelines-
1 -6n linepipe materials ,it/ S6RS lar(er t/an === 6Pa an*
l.n%m
_ "-"=L-
1 1#r martensiti' steels an*
l.n%m
_ "-"=L-
1 ""r an* "=r *uple: stainless steels i+
l.n%m
_ "-"=L-
)*4 T/e se(ment testin( s/all be per+%rme* base* %n t/e pr%'e*ure *es'ribe* in DNV-RP-F10F an*
Appen*i: !- T/e am%unt %+ testin( an* t/e strain 'y'les applie* s/all be a(ree*-
)*8 I+ se(ment testin( is per+%rme* t/e *imensi%ns %+ t/e starter +la, s/%ul* be *etermine* by an EA
tail%re* t% t/e se(ment test pri%r t% testin( an* base* %n t/e best estimate +ra'ture resistan'e 'ur)e an* stress-
strain 'ur)e- T/e tip %+ t/e starter +la, s/%ul* be in t/e l%,est t%u(/ness material '%nsistent ,it/ t/e EA- T/e
*imensi%ns %+ t/e starter +la, s/%ul* be su'/ t/at appr%:imately 0-= mm %+ tearin( C%r as a(ree*4 at t/e *eepest
p%int is pre*i'te*- I+ less tearin( t/an estimate* in t/e EA is measure* in t/e se(ment spe'imens an* t/e stress
'apa'ity is at least as lar(e as estimate* by EA. t/e EA is '%nsi*ere* )ali*ate*-
b4 Installati%n met/%* intr%*u'in( lar(e plasti' strain in'rement
Fig're 2 E,a$(les !+ ins%alla%i!n $e%h!"s in%r!"'cing large (las%ic s%rain incre$en%s
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
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A99END;M 3
MECHAN;CA TEST;NG AND CORROS;ON TEST;NG
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is appen*i: a**resses met/%*s +%r me'/ani'al testin(. '/emi'al analysis an* '%rr%si%n testin( %+
materials an* pr%*u'ts-
A 4** A((lica6ili%7
4*) T/is appen*i: is appli'able +%r t/e testin( %+ all types %+ materials ,it/ testin( re2uirements as re+erre*
t% in t/is stan*ar*-
4*4 Test lab%rat%ries s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ ISO 1<0"= %r an a''epte* e2ui)alent-
A 8** Re+erences
8*) T/e +%ll%,in( stan*ar*s are re+erre* t% in t/is Appen*i:0
API =BD Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r RA la* %r Bine* Steel Pipe
API RP =B# Re'%mmen*e* Pra'ti'e +%r %n*u'tin( Dr%p-@ei(/t Tear Tests %n Bine Pipe
AST6 A">; Stan*ar* Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r Stainless /r%mium-Ni'&el Steel-la* Plate
AST6 A H=> Stan*ar* Test 6et/%* +%r Beeb Har*ness Testin( %+ Steel Pr%*u'ts
AST6 A 10#F Stan*ar* Test 6et/%* +%r P%rtable Har*ness Testin( by t/e 8ltras%ni' %nta't Impe*an'e
6et/%*
AST6 E110 Stan*ar* Test 6et/%* +%r In*entati%n Har*ness %+ 6etalli' 6aterials by P%rtable Har*ness
Testers
AST6 E1F"0 Stan*ar* Test 6et/%* +%r 6easurement %+ Fra'ture T%u(/ness
AST6 3;F Stan*ar* Test 6et/%*s +%r Pittin( an* re)i'e %rr%si%n Resistan'e %+ Stainless Steels an*
Relate* All%ys by 8se %+ Ferri' /l%ri*e S%luti%n
!S <;;F Fra'ture me'/ani's t%u(/ness tests- 6et/%* +%r *eterminati%n %+ KI'. 'riti'al TOD an*
'riti'al 7 )alues %+ metalli' materials
!S <H10 3ui*e t% met/%*s +%r assessin( t/e a''eptability %+ +la,s in metalli' stru'tures
DNV-RP-F10F Fra'ture %ntr%l +%r Pipeline Installati%n 6et/%*s Intr%*u'in(
y'li' Plasti' Strain
ISO 1;F 6etalli' materials - /arpy pen*ulum impa't test
ISO #<< 3eneral re2uirements +%r t/e '%mpeten'e %+ testin( an* 'alibrati%n lab%rat%ries
ISO #1F# Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries - Steel pipe +%r pipeline transp%rtati%n systems
ISO ;1#> Destru'ti)e tests %n ,el*s in metalli' materials - Trans)erse tensile test
ISO =1<# Destru'ti)e tests %n ,el*s in metalli' materials - !en* tests
ISO =1<F Destru'ti)e tests %n ,el*s in metalli' materials - B%n(itu*inal tensile test %n ,el* metal in
+usi%n ,el*e* G%ints
ISO >=0< 6etalli' materials - Vi'&ers /ar*ness test
ISO >FH" 6etalli' materials - Tensile testin(
ISO <=#H %rr%si%n %+ metals an* all%ys - Stress '%rr%si%n testin(
ISOITR H<>H Steel an* ir%n - Re)ie, %+ a)ailable met/%*s %+ analysis
ISO 1"1#= 6etalli' materials - 8ni+ie* met/%* %+ test +%r *eterminati%n %+ 2uasistati' +ra'ture
t%u(/ness
ISO 1;"F; Steel an* ir%n- Samplin( an* preparati%n %+ samples +%r t/e *eterminati%n %+ '/emi'al
'%mp%siti%n
ISO 1=1=> Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries - 6aterials +%r use in H
"
S-'%ntainin( en)ir%nments in
%il an* (as pr%*u'ti%n
ISO 1=>=# 6etalli' materials. 6et/%* %+ test +%r t/e *eterminati%n %+ 2uasistati' +ra'ture t%u(/ness %+ ,el*s
ISO 1<0"= 3eneral re2uirements +%r t/e '%mpeten'e %+ testin( an* 'alibrati%n lab%rat%ries
NAE T601<< Bab%rat%ry Testin( %+ 6etals +%r Resistan'e t% Sul+i*e Stress ra'&in( an* Stress %rr%si%n
ra'&in( in H
"
S En)ir%nments
NAE T60"F; Stan*ar* Test 6et/%* - E)aluati%n %+ Pipeline an* Pressure Vessel Steels +%r Resistan'e t%
Hy*r%(en-In*u'e* ra'&in(
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*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &1%
3. Mechanical Tes%ing an" Che$ical Anal7sis
3 )** General re<'ire$en%s %! selec%i!n an" (re(ara%i!n !+ sa$(les an" %es% (ieces
)*) Sele'ti%n %+ samples an* preparati%n %+ test pie'es s/all as +ar as appli'able be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e
(eneral '%n*iti%ns %+ ISO #<<- In a**iti%n t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements apply-
)*4 F%r any %+ t/e me'/ani'al tests. any test pie'e t/at s/%,s *e+e'ti)e preparati%n %r material imper+e'ti%ns
unrelate* t% t/e intent %+ t/e parti'ular me'/ani'al test. ,/et/er %bser)e* be+%re %r a+ter testin(. may be
*is'ar*e* an* repla'e* by an%t/er test pie'e +r%m t/e same pipe-
Samples and test pieces from linepipe
)*8 F%r tensile tests. VN impa't tests. D@T tests. (ui*e*-ben* tests. an* +lattenin( tests. t/e samples s/all
be ta&en. an* t/e '%rresp%n*in( test pie'es prepare*. in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e appli'able re+eren'e stan*ar*-
)*4 Samples an* test pie'es +%r t/e )ari%us test types +%r linepipe s/all be ta&en +r%m alternatin( pipe en*s
in t/e l%'ati%ns as s/%,n in Fi(ure = an* Fi(ure > in ISO #1F# an* as (i)en in Se'-< Table <-H. an* t/e *etails
state* bel%,-
Samples and test pieces from components
)*# T/e l%'ati%n %+ samples an* test pie'es +r%m '%mp%nents s/%ul* be a''%r*in( t% Se'-F E-
)*5 F%r in*u'ti%n ben*s an* b%lts t/e l%'ati%n %+ samples an* test pie'es s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e re'%(nise*
stan*ar* %r spe'i+i'ati%n use* +%r manu+a'ture. as spe'i+ie* +%r t/e rele)ant '%mp%nent in Se'-F-
Samples and test pieces for welds not performed at pipe mills
)*& F%r ,el*s n%t per+%rme* as part %+ linepipe +abri'ati%n. in'lu*in( (irt/ ,el*s. samples s/all be ta&en in
a''%r*an'e Appen*i: Fi(ure 1 an* "-
3 4** Che$ical anal7sis
4*) Samples +%r /eat an* pr%*u't analyses s/all be ta&en an* prepare* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1;"F;-
6et/%*s an* pr%'e*ures +%r '/emi'al analysis s/all be a''%r*in( t% re'%(nise* in*ustry stan*ar*s. %+
a''eptable un'ertainty- Results +r%m '/emi'al analyses s/all be (i)en ,it/ t/e same number %+ *i(its C%r m%re4
as (i)en in t/e spe'i+i'ati%n %+ t/e pr%*u't an*I%r in t/is stan*ar*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
ISOITR H<>H (i)es a list %+ a)ailable internati%nal stan*ar*s pr%)i*in( '/emi'al analysis met/%*s. ,it/ in+%rmati%n
%n t/e appli'ati%n an* pre'isi%n %+ t/e )ari%us met/%*s-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
%hemical analysis of weld overlay
4*4 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ t/e ,el* %)erlay s/all be %btaine* at t/e sur+a'e %+ t/e %)erlay a+ter
ma'/inin( %+ t/e %)erlay su'/ t/at t/e minimum *istan'e +r%m t/e sur+a'e t% t/e +usi%n line is eit/er # mm %r
t/e minimum t/i'&ness spe'i+ie* +%r t/e +inis/e* '%mp%nent. ,/i'/e)er is t/e lesser-
3 8** Tensile %es%ing
8*) Tensile testin( s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in t/is appen*i: an* ISO >FH"
%r AST6 A#<0- T/e test pie'e '%n+i(urati%n an* p%ssible test pie'e +lattenin( s/all be t/e same +%r all t/e
*eli)ere* items- T/e e:tens%meter s/all be atta'/e* t% a ma'/ine* sur+a'e- D%uble si*e* e:tens%meters s/%ul*
be use*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e el%n(ati%n re2uirements in Table <-= are base* %n a +%rmula i*enti'al in API =B. ISO #1F# an* DNV-OS-F101-
T/e +%rmula is 'alibrate* +%r use ,it/ tensile test spe'imens prepare* a''%r*in( t% AST6 A#<0 Ci-e- API test
spe'imens4- It s/%ul* be n%te* t/at t/e same material teste* ,it/ spe'imens base* %n AST6 A#<0 an* ISO >FH" 'an
(i)e *i++erent el%n(ati%n results *ue t% t/e *i++erent spe'imen (e%metries-
In (eneral it s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere* t% use AST6 A#<0 spe'imens +%r n%rmal tensile testin(. sin'e t/is ,%ul* (i)e t/e
best '%rresp%n*en'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in Table <-=-
Tensile spe'imens base* %n ISO >FH" 'an be use*. but t/en t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria s/%ul* be re)ie,e*- S%me %pti%ns
are Ci4 use t/e )alues +r%m Table <-=. Cii4 *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n per+%rm a number %+ tests %n b%t/ types %+ spe'imens
t% establis/ an empiri'al '%rresp%n*en'e +%r t/e spe'i+i' material %r Ciii4 *e+ine el%n(ati%n 'riteria base* %n rele)ant
testin( e:perien'e an* e:istin( *%'umentati%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*4 !ase material tensile pr%perties may be *etermine* usin( re'tan(ular %r r%un* test pie'es at t/e
manu+a'turers *is'reti%n. see #0# an* #0;. respe'ti)ely-
8*8 Re'tan(ular test pie'es s/all represent t/e +ull ,all t/i'&ness- B%n(itu*inalIa:ial test pie'es s/all n%t be
+lattene*- Trans)erseItan(ential test pie'es s/all be +lattene*- Test pie'e (rip en*s may be +lattene* %r ma'/ine*
t% +it t/e test ma'/ineAs (rips- @el* bea*s may be (r%un* +lus/ an* l%'al imper+e'ti%ns may be rem%)e*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
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*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &1$
8*4 R%un* test pie'es s/all be %btaine* +r%m n%n-+lattene* samples- F%r l%n(itu*inalIa:ial tensile tests ,/en
t 1H-0 mm. su'/ test pie'es s/all be 1"-< mm in *iameter. %r lar(est %btainable *iameter i+ 1"-< mm is n%t
p%ssible- F%r trans)erse %r tan(ential tensile tests t/e *iameter %+ su'/ test pie'es s/all be as (i)en in Table "1
in ISO #1F#. e:'ept t/at t/e ne:t lar(er *iameter may be use* at t/e %pti%n %+ t/e manu+a'turer-
8*# F%r testin( ,/en D M "1H-1 mm +ull-se'ti%n l%n(itu*inalIa:ial test pie'es may be use* at t/e %pti%n %+
t/e manu+a'turer-
8*5 I+ a(ree*. rin( e:pansi%n test pie'es may be use* +%r t/e *eterminati%n %+ trans)erse yiel* stren(t/-
8*& All ,el* tensile tests s/all be 'arrie* %ut usin( r%un* test pie'es-
G'i"ance n!%eF
All-,el* tensile spe'imens are n%t re2uire* t% '%n+%rm t% t/e siJes in Table "1 in ISO #1F#. see #0; ab%)e- T/e all-
,el* tensile spe'imen s/all be as lar(e as p%ssible ,/en '%nsi*erin( t/at t/e (au(e len(t/ material s/all be %nly ,el*
metal-
N%te t/at t/e (rip area %+ t/e tensile spe'imens 'an '%ntain material +r%m t/e HAU an* als% base metal- T/is ,ill n%t
in+luen'e t/e results +%r t/e ,el* metal %n t/e (au(e len(t/-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*2 F%r pipes t% be teste* a''%r*in( t% supplementary re2uirement P an* ,/en EA is t% be per+%rme*.
spe'imens s/all be %+ pr%p%rti%nal type ,it/ (au(e len(t/0
,/ere S
0
is t/e 'r%ss se'ti%n area %+ t/e spe'imen- I+ t/e test results s/all be use* as basis +%r EA. t/e ,/%le
stress-strain 'ur)e s/all be rep%rte*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
F%r supplementary re2uirement P a**iti%nal tensile testin( is re2uire*. an* %+ parti'ular interest is t/e el%n(ati%n- T/e
in*ustry e:perien'e an* 2uali+i'ati%n testin( is primarily base* %n pr%p%rti%nal spe'imens a''%r*in( t% ISO >FH"-
%nse2uently t/e 'riteria /a)e been establis/e* +%r su'/ tensile spe'imens. an* it is n%t rele)ant t% use spe'imens
base* %n AST6 A#<0 +%r supplementary re2uirement P-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Transverse weld /cross weld0 tensile test
8*: Test pie'es s/all be re'tan(ular an* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ #0#- T/e ,el* rein+%r'ement s/all be rem%)e*
%n t/e +a'e an* r%%t si*es by ma'/inin( %r (rin*in(- T/e tensile stren(t/ s/all be *etermine* Cyiel* stress an*
el%n(ati%n is n%t re2uire*4-
8)* Trans)erse ,el* tensile test pie'es %+ 'la* %r line* linepipe s/all be per+%rme* %n t/e +ull t/i'&ness %+
t/e 'arb%n steel. a+ter rem%)al %+ t/e RA. ta&in( 'are n%t t% re*u'e t/e -6n steel ,all t/i'&ness-
)ll(weld tensile testing of load bearing weld overlay
8)) Test pie'es s/all be r%un* ,it/ ma:imum %btainable *iameter- T/e test pie'es s/all be ma'/ine* +r%m
t/e ,el* %)erlay trans)erse t% t/e ,el*in( *ire'ti%n-
Tensile testing of girth welds relevant for !%)
8)4 Full stress-strain 'ur)es s/all be establis/e* +r%m t/e testin(- I+ p%ssible. t/e test spe'imens s/all eit/er
be all-,el* spe'imens Cre'%mmen*e*4 %r trans)erse all-,el* spe'imens as +%ll%,s0
1 All-,el* tensile spe'imens0 T/e spe'imens s/%ul* be r%un* an* %+ pr%p%rti%nal type
1 Trans)erse all-,el* spe'imens0 T/e re'%mmen*e* (e%metry is as in*i'ate* in Fi(ure 1#- I+ t/e ,el* metal
p%rti%n %+ t/e spe'imen is instrumente* ,it/ strain (au(es. t/ree strain (au(es are re'%mmen*e* ar%un*
t/e 'ir'um+eren'e- T/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ,el* metal s/%ul* be minimum >mm- P%ssible yiel* plateau may be
*i++i'ult t% *is'%)er usin( t/is spe'imen type an* t/e tensile stress-strain 'ur)e is typi'ally =L /i(/er
'%mpare* ,it/ results usin( tra*iti%nal r%un* spe'imens- Hen'e. i+ t/is spe'imen is use* as input t% FE
analyses %r +%r *em%nstratin( ,el* metal stren(t/. %)er-mat'/ t/e en(ineerin( stress s/all be l%,ere* =L
I+ t/e ,el* an* pipe (e%metry is su'/ t/at it is *i++i'ult t% establis/ stress-strain 'ur)es representin( t/e ,el*
metal. %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in( s%luti%ns s/all be +%ll%,e*0
1 De*i'ate* Sspe'ialT spe'imens may be teste* i+ p%ssible. similar spe'imen (e%metry s/all t/en be
+abri'ate* als% +r%m t/e parent pipe material
1 @el* stren(t/ %)er-mat'/ ,it/ su++i'ient '%n+i*en'e may be *em%nstrate* by 'r%ss-,el* tensile testin(
1 I+ n%ne %+ t/e ab%)e is p%ssible an* an EA is re2uire* +ull-s'ale testin( %+ representati)e S,%rst 'aseT
(irt/ ,el*s Ci-e- (e%metry. material pr%perties an* ,el* *e+e't4 s/all be teste* t% t/e ,%rst 'ase l%a*in( t%
*em%nstrate t/e +ra'ture inte(rity
C!-14
o gau
S # >= - = =
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &1&
3 4** Char(7 D-n!%ch i$(ac% %es%ing
4*) T/e test pie'es s/all be prepare* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 A#<0 ,it/%ut any pri%r +lattenin( %+ t/e
material- Testin( a''%r*in( t% ISO 1;F-1 is a''eptable i+ a(ree* an* t/e re2uire* stri&in( ra*ius C" %r F mm4
is spe'i+ie*- Ea'/ set s/all '%nsist %+ t/ree spe'imens ta&en +r%m t/e same test '%up%n- Full siJe test pie'es
s/all be use* ,/ene)er p%ssible-
4*4 T/e siJe. %rientati%n an* s%ur'e %+ t/e test pie'es +r%m linepipe s/all be as (i)en in Table "" in ISO #1F#.
e:'ept t/at t/e ne:t smaller test pie'e siJe may be use* i+ t/e abs%rbe* ener(y is e:pe'te* t% e:'ee* F0L %+
t/e +ull-s'ale 'apa'ity %+ t/e impa't testin( ma'/ine- A**iti%nal sets %+ HAU test pie'es s/all be sample*
'%mpare* t% ISO #1F#. see Table <-< an* Table <-F in Se'-<- T/e n%t'/ l%'ati%ns s/all be a''%r*in( t% ;0F-;1#-
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is n%t ne'essary t% impa't-test linepipe ,it/ '%mbinati%ns %+ spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter an* spe'i+ie* ,all t/i'&ness
n%t '%)ere* by Table "" in ISO #1F#-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*8 F%r seamless pipe ,it/ t _ "= mm an* *eli)ere* in t/e 2uen'/e* an* tempere* '%n*iti%n. %ne a**iti%nal
set %+ trans)erse *ire'ti%n NV test pie'es s/all be sample* " mm ab%)e t/e internal sur+a'e *urin( 6P5T-
4*4 T/e l%'ati%ns %+ test pie'es ta&en +r%m '%mp%nents s/all be a''%r*in( t% Se'-F E-
4*# T/e l%'ati%ns %+ test pie'es ta&en +r%m (irt/ ,el*s s/all be a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: . Fi(ure "-
4*5 @/ene)er p%ssible. an* apart +%r testin( %+ t/e r%%t %+ *%uble si*e* ,el*s. t/e test pie'es s/all be
sample* " mm bel%, t/e e:ternal sur+a'e- A smaller *istan'e t/an " mm s/all be use* i+ ne'essary C*ue t% t/e
*imensi%ns %+ t/e material4 t% ma&e spe'imens ,it/ t/e lar(est p%ssible 'r%ss se'ti%n- T/e a:is %+ t/e n%t'/
s/all be perpen*i'ular t% t/e sur+a'e-
4*& F%r ,el* metal an* HAU tests. ea'/ test pie'e s/all be et'/e* pri%r t% n%t'/in( in %r*er t% enable pr%per
pla'ement %+ t/e n%t'/-
4otch positioning for weld metal test pieces
4*2 F%r pr%*u'ti%n ,el*s %t/er t/an HF@ pipe t/e a:is %+ t/e n%t'/ %+ t/e ,el* metal sample s/all be l%'ate*
%n. %r as 'l%se as pra'ti'al t%. t/e 'entreline %+ t/e %utsi*e ,el* bea*-
4*: F%r test pie'es ta&en in t/e ,el* %+ HF@ pipe. t/e a:is %+ t/e n%t'/ s/all be l%'ate* %n. %r as 'l%se as
pra'ti'al t% t/e ,el* line-
4otch positioning for 1): test pieces
4)* T/e HAU n%t'/ p%siti%ns '%mprise t/e +usi%n line CFB4. t/e FBW" mm an* t/e FBW= mm test pie'es s/all
be sample* in t/e p%siti%ns (i)en in Fi(ure # t% Fi(ure F. ,it/ t/e n%t'/ p%siti%ns as appli'able- FB test pie'es
s/all al,ays be l%'ate* su'/ t/at =0L %+ ,el* metal an* =0L %+ HAU is sample*-
4)) Impa't testin( %+ 'la*Iline* pipes s/all be per+%rme* in t/e 'arb%n steel p%rti%n %+ t/e material-
4)4 @/en *issimilar materials are ,el*e*. b%t/ si*es %+ t/e ,el* s/all be teste*-
4)8 F%r ,el* %)erlay material '%ntributin( t% t/e trans+er %+ l%a* a'r%ss t/e base materialI,el* %)erlay
+usi%n line. impa't testin( %+ t/e ,el* %)erlay an* HAU s/all be per+%rme* Ci-e- ,/en t/e %)erlay is a part %+
a butt G%int %r a'ts as a transiti%n bet,een a '%rr%si%n resistant all%y an* a 'arb%n steel4- T/e l%n(itu*inal a:is
%+ t/e spe'imen s/all be perpen*i'ular t% t/e +usi%n line an* t/e n%t'/ parallel t% t/e +usi%n line-
3 #** 3en" %es%ing
Guided(bend testing of the seam weld of welded pipe
#*) T/e test pie'es s/all be prepare* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO <;#F %r AST6 A#<0. an* Fi(ure F in ISO #1F#-
#*4 F%r pipe ,it/ t _ 1H-0 mm. t/e test pie'es may be ma'/ine* t% pr%)i*e a re'tan(ular 'r%ss-se'ti%n /a)in(
a t/i'&ness %+ 1F-0 mm- F%r pipe ,it/ t 1H-0 mm. t/e test pie'es s/all be +ull ,all t/i'&ness 'ur)e*-se'ti%n
test pie'es-
#*8 F%r SA@ pipes. t/e ,el* rein+%r'ement s/all be rem%)e* +r%m b%t/ +a'es-
#*4 T/e (ui*e*-ben* test s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO <;#F- T/e man*rel *imensi%n s/all n%t
be lar(er t/an t/at *etermine* usin( t/e +%ll%,in( e2uati%n. ,it/ t/e result r%un*e* t% t/e nearest 1 mm0
,/ere0
)
(b
is t/e man*rel *imensi%n. e:presse* in millimetres Cin'/es4
is t/e spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter. e:presse* in millimetres Cin'/es4
t is t/e spe'i+ie* ,all t/i'&ness. e:presse* in millimetres Cin'/es4
C!-"4
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &1'
e is t/e strain. as (i)en in Table "# %+ ISO #1F#
1-1= is t/e pea&in( +a't%r-
#*# !%t/ test pie'es s/all be bent 1F0] in a Gi( as s/%,n in Fi(ure H in ISO #1F#- One test pie'e s/all /a)e
t/e r%%t %+ t/e ,el* *ire'tly in '%nta't ,it/ t/e man*relO t/e %t/er test pie'e s/all /a)e t/e +a'e %+ t/e ,el*
*ire'tly in '%nta't ,it/ t/e man*rel-
-end testing of clad linepipe
#*5 @el* 'la* %r r%ll b%n*e* 'la* pipe s/all be subGe'te* t% ben* testin( Ct/e l%n(itu*inal ,el*ment s/all
n%t be in'lu*e*4- Spe'imens s/all be %+ +ull t/i'&ness. in'lu*in( t/e +ull t/i'&ness %+ t/e 'la* layer- T/e ,i*t/
%+ t/e spe'imens s/all be appr%:imately "= mm- T/e e*(es may be r%un*e* t% a ra*ius %+ 1I10 %+ t/e t/i'&ness-
T/e spe'imens s/all be bent 1F0] ar%un* a +%rmer ,it/ a *iameter =: t/e pipe ,all t/i'&ness-
#*& B%n(itu*inal ,el* r%%t ben* test s/all in'lu*e t/e '%rr%si%n resistant all%y-
1 T/e l%n(itu*inal a:is %+ t/e ,el* s/all be parallel t% t/e spe'imen. ,/i'/ is bent s% t/at t/e r%%t sur+a'e is
in tensi%n-
1 T/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e l%n(itu*inal r%%t ben* spe'imen s/all be at least t,i'e t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e internal ,el*
rein+%r'ement %r ma:imum "= mm- T/e e*(es may be r%un*e* t% a ra*ius %+ 1I10 %+ t/e t/i'&ness-
1 T/e internal an* e:ternal ,el* rein+%r'ement s/all be rem%)e* +lus/ ,it/ t/e %ri(inal sur+a'es-
1 T/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e spe'imen s/all be e2ual t% t/e base material t/i'&ness %r a ma:imum %+ 10 mm. as
s/%,n in Fi(ure "-
1 T/e spe'imen s/all be bent t% an an(le %+ 1F0] usin( a +%rmer ,it/ *iameter H0 mm-
-end testing for 6P8T according to )ppendi" %
#*2 !en* testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO =1<#- !en* test spe'imens s/all /a)e +ull ,all
t/i'&ness- T/e ,i*t/ %+ r%%t an* +a'e ben* spe'imens s/all be appr%:imately "= mm- T/e ,i*t/ %+ si*e ben*
spe'imens s/all be 10 mm- T/e e*(es may be r%un*e* t% a ra*ius %+ 1I10 %+ t/e t/i'&ness-
#*: !en* test %+ 'la* pipes s/all be per+%rme* %n +ull t/i'&ness %+ t/e pipe. in'lu*in( t/e '%rr%si%n resistant all%y-
#)* T/e ,el* rein+%r'ement %n b%t/ +a'es s/all be rem%)e* +lus/ ,it/ t/e %ri(inal sur+a'es. as s/%,n in
Fi(ure 1- T/e ,el* s/all be l%'ate* in t/e 'entre %+ ea'/ spe'imen-
#)) T/e spe'imens s/all be bent t% an an(le %+ 1F0] usin( a +%rmer ,it/ *iameter *epen*in( %n t/e spe'i+ie*
minimum yiel* stress S6RS +%r t/e parent material- F%r materials ,it/ S6RS up t% ;1= 6Pa. t/e +%rmer
*iameter s/all be ;: t/i'&ness %+ t/e test spe'imen- F%r materials ,it/ S6RS e2ual t% %r e:'ee*in( ;1= 6Pa.
t/e +%rmer *iameter s/all be = t/i'&ness %+ t/e test spe'imen-
#)4 I+ ne'essary. e-(- i+ %ne %+ t/e materials t% be G%ine* /as a l%,er yiel* stress t/an t/e %t/er. (ui*e* ben*
testin( in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO =1<# may be applie*. usin( t/e same r%ller *iameter as +%r t/e '%n)enti%nal
ben* testin(-
#)8 A+ter ben*in(. t/e ,el*e* G%int s/all be '%mpletely ,it/in t/e tensi%ne* re(i%n-
-end testing of weld overlay
#)4 Si*e ben* test spe'imens s/all be use*- T/e test spe'imens s/all be sample* perpen*i'ular t% t/e ,el*in(
*ire'ti%n-
1 F%r pipes. t/e test spe'imens s/all sample t/e +ull t/i'&ness %+ t/e ,el* %)erlay an* t/e base material- F%r
/ea)y se'ti%n '%mp%nents. t/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e base material in t/e spe'imen s/all be at least e2ual t% =:
t/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e %)erlay-
1 T/e t/i'&ness %+ si*e ben* spe'imens s/all be 10 mm- T/e e*(es may be r%un*e* t% a ra*ius %+ 1I10 %+ t/e
t/i'&ness- T/e 'entral p%rti%n %+ t/e ben* test spe'imen s/all in'lu*e an %)erlap area-
1 T/e spe'imens s/all be bent t% an an(le %+ 1F0]- F%r base materials ,it/ S6RS up t% ;1= 6Pa t/e +%rmer
*iameter s/all be ;: t/i'&ness %+ t/e test spe'imen- F%r base materials ,it/ S6RS e2ual t% %r e:'ee*in(
;1= 6Pa t/e +%rmer *iameter s/all be =: t/i'&ness %+ t/e test spe'imen-
3 5** Fla%%ening %es%
5*) T/e test pie'es s/all be ta&en in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO F;H". e:'ept t/at t/e len(t/ %+ ea'/ test pie'e s/all
be >0 mm- 6in%r sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns may be rem%)e* by (rin*in(-
5*4 T/e +lattenin( test s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO F;H"- As s/%,n in Fi(ure > in ISO #1F#.
%ne %+ t/e t,% test pie'es ta&en +r%m b%t/ en*-%+-'%il l%'ati%ns s/all be teste* ,it/ t/e ,el* at t/e > %r 1"
%N'l%'& p%siti%n. ,/ereas t/e remainin( t,% test pie'es s/all be teste* at t/e # %r H %N'l%'& p%siti%n- Test pie'es
ta&en +r%m 'r%p en*s at ,el* st%ps s/all be teste* at t/e # %r H %N'l%'& p%siti%n %nly-
3 &** Dr!( 1eigh% %ear %es%
&*) Dr%p ,ei(/t tear test s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a''%r*an'e ,it/ API RP =B#-
&*4 Full t/i'&ness spe'imens s/all be use* ,/ere p%ssible- Re*u'e* t/i'&ness spe'imens may be use*
subGe't t% Pur'/aser a(reement- T/e testin( temperature re*u'ti%n (i)en in API RP =B# s/all apply-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &11
T/e spe'imens s/all be ta&en trans)erse t% t/e r%llin( *ire'ti%n %r pipe a:is. ,it/ t/e n%t'/ perpen*i'ular t%
t/e sur+a'e-
F%r /i(/ t%u(/ness steels *u'tile 'ra'& initiati%n +r%m t/e n%t'/ tip s/all be a''eptable C'%ntrary t% API RP
=B#. lause <-14-
3 2** Frac%'re %!'ghness %es%ing
2*) F%r 2uali+i'ati%n testin( %+ linepipe ,el* metal. see F0; an* F1# t% F1=0
1 +%r 2uali+i'ati%n testin( %+ (irt/ ,el*s. see F1> t% F"0-
2*4 T/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( appli'able t% t/is Stan*ar* is0
1 Fra'ture t%u(/ness testin(. 7 %r TOD C4. a minimum %+ # spe'imens is re2uire* +%r ea'/ n%t'/ p%siti%n-
1 Fra'ture t%u(/ness resistan'e 'ur)e testin(. 7-a C7 R-'ur)e4 %r -a C R-'ur)e4. a minimum %+ >
spe'imens is re2uire* +%r ea'/ n%t'/ p%siti%n-
2*8 Fra'ture t%u(/ness testin( s/%ul* be per+%rme* usin( %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in( type %+ spe'imens0
1 Sin(le E*(e N%t'/e* Tensi%n CSENT4. %r
1 Sin(le E*(e N%t'/e* !en* CSEN!4 spe'imen
Pipeline ,alls are pre*%minately l%a*e* in tensi%n in*epen*ent %+ t/e l%a*in( m%*e- T/e re'%mmen*e*
spe'imen +%r su'/ '%n*iti%ns is t/e SENT spe'imen. as s/%,n in Fi(ure 1"- Re+er als% t% DNV-RP-F10F +%r
+urt/er (ui*an'e-
G'i"ance n!%eF
%mm%nly use* testin( stan*ar*s *es'ribe met/%*s +%r *eterminin( t/e +ra'ture resistan'e +r%m *eeply n%t'/e*
SEN! CSin(le E*(e N%t'/e* !en*4 %r T C%mpa't Tensi%n4 spe'imens- T/ese spe'imens. b%t/ pre*%minantly
l%a*e* in ben*in(. /a)e /i(/ 'ra'& tip '%nstraint an* ,ill /en'e (i)e l%,er b%un* estimates +%r t/e +ra'ture resistan'e
t/at 'an be use* +%r '%nser)ati)e +ra'ture assessments +%r a lar(e ran(e %+ en(ineerin( stru'tures- T/e SEN! spe'imen
'an als% be use* but t/is is li&ely t% result in unne'essarily '%nser)ati)e +ra'ture t%u(/ness-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
2*4 Fra'ture t%u(/ness testin( as re2uire* in Se'-< +%r ,el* metal s/all be TOD testin( %+ SEN!
spe'imens-
2*# Ot/er test spe'imen '%n+i(urati%ns may be use* +%r *eri)in( t/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness +%r use in an EA
pr%)i*e* t/at t/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness 'an be *eri)e* +r%m e:perimental measurement. e-(- l%a* )s- 'lip (au(e
*ispla'ement an* t/at it is Gusti+ie* t/at t/e 'ra'& tip '%nstraint %+ t/e test spe'imen is n%t smaller t/an +%r t/e
m%st se)ere pipeline ,el* *e+e't assesse* in t/e EA-
2*5 Testin( %+ SEN! spe'imens s/all be 'arrie* %ut in (eneral '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e latest re)isi%ns %+ ISO
1"1#= an* ISO 1=>=# %r an e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
All SENT testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ DNV-RP-F10F-
2*& P%st-test metall%(rap/y s/all be applie* t% t/e spe'imens *esi(nate* +%r FBIHAU testin( in %r*er t%
establis/ i+ t/e 'ra'& tip /as been su''ess+ully l%'ate* in t/e tar(et mi'r%stru'ture-
T/e spe'imen is '%nsi*ere* 2uali+ie* i+0
1 t/e pre-'ra'& tip is n%t m%re t/an 0-= mm +r%m +usi%n line
1 (rain '%arsene* /eat a++e'te* J%ne C3HAU4 mi'r%-stru'ture is present ,it/in a re(i%n '%n+ine* by a plane
perpen*i'ular t% t/e 'ra'& plane t/r%u(/ t/e 'ra'& tip an* a parallel plane 0-= mm a/ea* %+ t/e 'ra'& tip-
Relevant for testing of S!4- specimens
2*2 Testin( %+ SEN! spe'imens are a''eptable. see H0#. als% ,it/ re*u'e* n%t'/ len(t/- H%,e)er. +%r use
in an EA t/e spe'imen n%t'/ len(t/ s/all n%t be '/%sen s/%rter t/an t/e /ei(/t %+ t/e m%st se)ere ,el* *e+e't
assesse* in t/e EA-
T/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness +%r SEN! test spe'imens 'an be *eri)e* +r%m t/e l%a* )s- 'lip (au(e *ispla'ement
re'%r* a''%r*in( t% t/e +%ll%,in( +%rmulae0
C!-#4
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----------------------------------------- =
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &13
2): F%r situati%ns in)%l)in( plasti' *e+%rmati%n an* p%ssibility %+ unstable +ra'ture 'ause* by tearin(. 'ra'&
resistan'e 'ur)e testin( Cpre+erably 7 R-'ur)e4 s/all be per+%rme* %+ t/e (irt/ ,el*- I+ t/e SENT spe'imen is
teste*. ,/i'/ is re'%mmen*e*. t/e testin( s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ DNV-RP-F10F-
24* I+ se(ment testin( is re2uire*. see Appen*i: A. H101. testin( s/all be per+%rme* base* %n DNV-RP-
F10F- T/e am%unt %+ testin( an* test pr%'e*ure s/all be a*Guste* t% t/e l%a*in( '%nsi*ere*-
3 :** S(eci+ic %es%s +!r cla" an" line" line(i(e
:*) S/ear testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 A">; CStan*ar* Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r Stainless
/r%mium-Ni'&el Steel-la* Plate. S/eet an* Strip4-
:*4 3rippin( +%r'e %+ line* pipe s/all be measure* by t/e resi*ual '%mpressi)e stress test. in a''%r*an'e ,it/
lause <-# b %+ API =BD-
3 )*** Me%all!gra(hic e,a$ina%i!n an" har"ness %es%ing
$acro e"amination
)**) 6a'r% e:aminati%n s/all be per+%rme* at = t% 10 ma(ni+i'ati%ns C+%r HF@ t/e e:aminati%n s/all be
per+%rme* at minimum ;0 an* be *%'umente* at 10 t% "0 ma(ni+i'ati%n4- 6a'r% e:aminati%n s/all be
'%n*u'te* %n spe'imens (i)en in Fi(ures 10 an* 11. as appli'able- T/e ma'r% se'ti%n s/all in'lu*e t/e ,/%le
,el* *ep%sit an* in a**iti%n in'lu*e at least 1= mm %+ base material %n ea'/ si*e measure* +r%m any p%int %+
t/e +usi%n line- T/e ma'r%-se'ti%n s/all be prepare* by (rin*in(. p%lis/in(. an* et'/e* %n %ne si*e t% 'learly
re)eal t/e +usi%n line an* HAU-
T/e ma'r% e:aminati%n %+ ,el* %)erlay s/all be sample* trans)erse t% t/e ,el*in( *ire'ti%n- T/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e
ma'r% se'ti%n s/all be minimum ;0 mm- T/e +a'e e:p%se* by se'ti%nin( s/all be prepare* by (rin*in(.
p%lis/in( an* et'/e* by a suitable et'/ant t% 'learly re)eal t/e ,el* an* /eat a++e'te* J%ne-
$icrostructure e"amination
)**4 Samples +%r %pti'al metall%(rap/y s/all be prepare* usin( stan*ar* pr%'e*ures. an* +urt/er et'/e*
usin( a suitable et'/ant in %r*er t% re)eal t/e mi'r%stru'ture-
6i'r% e:aminati%n %+ *uple: stainless steels s/all be per+%rme* an* *%'umente* at a minimum ma(ni+i'ati%n
%+ ;00P-
T/e +errite '%ntent %+ t/e base material an* ,el* metal s/all be measure* a''%r*in( t% AST6 E=>"-
1ardness testing
)**8 Har*ness testin( %+ base material an* ,el* 'r%ss-se'ti%n samples s/all be 'arrie* %ut usin( t/e Vi'&ers
HV10 met/%* a''%r*in( t% ISO >=0<-1-
)**4 F%r pipe base material tests. in*i)i*ual /ar*ness rea*in(s e:'ee*in( t/e appli'able a''eptan'e limit
may be '%nsi*ere* a''eptable i+ t/e a)era(e %+ a minimum %+ t/ree an* ma:imum %+ si: a**iti%nal rea*in(s
ta&en ,it/in 'l%se pr%:imity *%es n%t e:'ee* t/e appli'able a''eptan'e limit an* i+ n% su'/ in*i)i*ual rea*in(
e:'ee*s t/e a''eptan'e limit by m%re t/an 10 HV10 units-
)**# Har*ness test l%'ati%ns +%r S6BS pipe s/all be as s/%,n in Fi(ure 10 a4. e:'ept t/at0
1 ,/en t M ;-0 mm. it is %nly ne'essary t% 'arry %ut t/e mi*-t/i'&ness tra)erse
1 +%r pipe ,it/ ;-0 mm t M > mm. it is %nly ne'essary t% 'arry %ut t/e insi*e an* %utsi*e sur+a'e tra)erses-
)**5 Har*ness testin( %+ ,el*s s/all be per+%rme* %n t/e spe'imens use* +%r ma'r% e:aminati%n. an* as
s/%,n in Fi(ures 10 b4 an* '4. an* Fi(ure 11-
)**& F%r SA@. HF@ an* 6@P t/e +%ll%,in( applies0
1 +%r pipe ,it/ t M ;-0 mm. it is %nly ne'essary t% 'arry %ut t/e mi*-t/i'&ness tra)erse
1 +%r pipe ,it/ ;-0 mm t M > mm. it is %nly ne'essary t% 'arry %ut t/e insi*e an* %utsi*e sur+a'e tra)erses-
)**2 In t/e ,el* metal %+ SA@ an* 6@P ,el*s. a minimum %+ # in*entati%ns e2ually spa'e* al%n( ea'/
tra)erse s/all be ma*e- In t/e HAU. in*entati%ns s/all be ma*e al%n( t/e tra)erses +%r ea'/ 0-= - 1-0 mm Cas
'l%se as p%ssible but pr%)i*e* in*entati%n is ma*e int% una++e'te* material. an* startin( as 'l%se t% t/e +usi%n
line as p%ssible a''%r*in( t% Fi(ure 10 b4-
)**: Har*ness testin( %+ 'la*Iline* pipes s/all /a)e %ne a**iti%nal /ar*ness tra)erse l%'ate* in t/e t/i'&ness
'entre %+ t/e RA material- See Fi(ure 11-
)*)* F%r /ar*ness testin( %+ ,el* %)erlay /ar*ness testin( s/all be per+%rme* at a minimum %+ # test
l%'ati%ns0 in t/e base material. in t/e HAU an* in ea'/ layer %+ %)erlay up t% a ma:imum %+ " layers-
Surface hardness testing
)*)) Sur+a'e /ar*ness testin(. e-(- %+ suspe'te* /ar* sp%ts *ete'te* by )isual inspe'ti%n. s/all be 'arrie* %ut
in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO >=0>. ISO >=0<. ISO >=0F %r AST6 A#<0 usin( p%rtable /ar*ness test e2uipment-
Depen*in( %n t/e met/%* use* t/e e2uipment s/all '%mply ,it/ AST6 AH=>. AST6 A10#F %r AST6 E110-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &14
3 ))** S%raining an" ageing
)geing test
))*) T/is test is appli'able i+ t/e '%l* +%rmin( *urin( pipe manu+a'ture %+ -6n an* 'la*Iline* steels
e:'ee*s =L strain an* +%r Supplementary re2uirement F- T/is test *%es n%t apply t% linepipe *eli)ere* ,it/ a
+inal /eat treatment Ce-(- n%rmalisin( %r 2uen'/ an* temperin(4-
A test '%up%n s/all be ma'/ine* +r%m t/e pipe material an* a(e* at "=0] +%r %ne /%ur- T/erea+ter. t/e
spe'i+ie* number %+ /arpy V-n%t'/ spe'imens s/all be ma'/ine* +r%m t/e mi**le %+ t/e '%up%n- T/e
%rientati%n %+ t/e spe'imens s/all be l%n(itu*inal t% t/e '%up%n 'entreline. ,it/ t/e n%t'/ perpen*i'ular t% t/e
sur+a'e %+ t/e test '%up%n-
Pre(straining and ageing of materials
))*4 Pre-strainin( is appli'able t%0
1 Binepipe material t% be 2uali+ie* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Supplementary re2uirement P-
1 3irt/ ,el*s t% be 2uali+ie* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: A CEA4-
))*8 Pre-strainin( 'an be 'arrie* %ut as +ull s'ale Cre)erse*4 ben*in( %+ ,/%le pipes se'ti%ns %r as tensi%nI
'%mpressi%n strainin( %+ material 'ut +r%m t/e pipe ,all Cse(ment spe'imens4-
))*4 @/en +ull s'ale ben*in( is applie* ,/%le pipes se'ti%ns t/ey s/all be instrumente* ,it/ strain (au(es
%n t/e %utsi*e %+ t/e pipe ,all in t/e 1" an* > %A'l%'& p%siti%ns. see Fi(ure 1; a4- A su++i'ient number %+ strain
(au(es s/all be +itte* al%n( t/e len(t/ %+ t/e test se'ti%n t% ensure an e++i'ient m%nit%rin( %+ t/e strain al%n(
t/e ,/%le test se'ti%n- I+ reelin( installati%n is simulate* it is re'%mmen*e* t% ben* t/e pipe a(ainst +%rmers
,it/ t/e '%rre't ra*iuses-
))*# @/en pre-strainin( 'ut material su'/ material s/all be +itte* ,it/ strain (au(es %n ea'/ %+ t/e %pp%site
si*es ,it/ respe't t% t/e smallest measure %n t/e 'r%ss se'ti%n. see Fi(ure 1; b4- A su++i'ient number %+ strain
(au(es s/all be +itte* al%n( t/e len(t/ %+ t/e test se'ti%n t% ensure an e++i'ient m%nit%rin( %+ t/e strain al%n(
t/e ,/%le test se'ti%n- I+ t/e test ma'/ine is n%t su++i'iently ri(i*. strain (au(es s/all als% be +itte* eit/er si*es
al%n( t/e l%n( 'r%ss se'ti%n-
))*5 T/e strain (au(es s/all be l%((e* ,it/ su++i'ient +re2uen'y *urin( t/e strainin( 'y'le t% ensure e++i'ient
m%nit%rin( %+ t/e 'y'le-
))*& T/e pre-strainin( s/all be 'arrie* %ut in su'/ a ,ay t/at t/e '/ara'teristi' strain Csee bel%,4 rea'/es at
least t/e strain le)els t% be simulate*-
))*2 T/e '/ara'teristi' strain s/all +%r 'ut material Cse(ments %r strip spe'imens4 be *e+ine* as t/e mean
)alue %+ t/e strains measure* %n t/e %utsi*e an* insi*e %+ t/e pipe si*e ,it/ t/e /i(/est strain- F%r +ull s'ale
ben*in( %+ sp%%l pie'esIpipe se'ti%ns t/e '/ara'teristi' strain s/%ul* be a'/ie)e* by ben*in( a(ainst a +%rmer
,it/ t/e a'tual ra*ius- I+ a +%rmer is n%t use* t/e material ,/i'/ ,ill be use* +%r later material testin( s/all at
least rea'/ t/e tar(et strain C'/ara'teristi' strain4. ,/ere t/e strain is measure* at t/e %uter 'ur)ature-
))*: T/e *i++eren'es bet,een strain (au(es may be lar(e *ue t% bu'&lin( %+ t/e se(mentIstrip spe'imens
*urin( '%mpressi%n- I+ +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( %+ t/e FB s/all be per+%rme* +r%m a straine* spe'imen t/e FB
a(ainst t/e parent pipe ,it/ strain le)el e2ual t% t/e tar(et strain s/all be teste*-
)))* A+ter strainin( +%r Supplementary re2uirement P. t/e samples s/all be arti+i'ially a(e* at "=0] +%r %ne
/%ur be+%re testin(- Re(ar*in( arti+i'ial a(ein( +%r EA. see Appen*i: A 3"00-
3 )4** Tes%ing !+ (in 6raCings an" al'$in!%her$ic 1el"s
%opper penetration
)4*) " test spe'imens s/all t/e se'ti%ne* trans)erse t% t/e an%*e lea* an* " test spe'imens parallel ,it/ t/e
an%*e lea*- T/e spe'imens s/all be prepare* an* et'/e* +%r metall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n- T/e e:aminati%n s/all
be per+%rme* at a ma(ni+i'ati%n %+ =0P- T/e +usi%n line %+ t/e ,el*IbraJin( s/all at any p%int n%t be m%re t/an
1-0 mm bel%, t/e base material sur+a'e- Inter(ranular '%pper penetrati%n %+ t/e base material s/all n%t at any
p%int e:ten* bey%n* 0-= mm +r%m t/e +usi%n line-
1ardness
)4*4 HV10 /ar*ness tests s/all be ma*e %n ea'/ %+ t/e spe'imens +%r '%pper penetrati%n measurements- A
tra)erse s/all be ma*e a'r%ss t/e ,el*IbraJin( J%ne- T/e tra)erse s/all '%nsist %+ minimum 10 in*entati%nsO
t,% in t/e /eat a++e'te* J%ne CHAU4 %n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e ,el*IbraJin(. t,% in t/e HAU un*er t/e ,el*IbraJin(
an* t,% in t/e base material %n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e ,el*IbraJin(- T/e HAU in*entati%ns s/all be ma*e as 'l%se t%
t/e +usi%n line as p%ssible-
)4*8 T/e ma:imum /ar*ness s/all n%t e:'ee* t/e limits (i)en in Appen*i: as appli'able +%r t/e inten*e*
ser)i'e an* type %+ material-
Pull test
)4*4 T/e test spe'imen s/all be m%unte* in a tensile testin( ma'/ine an* se'ure* in t/e 'able in %ne en* an*
t/e base material in t/e %t/er en*- F%r'e s/all be applie* until t/e spe'imen brea&s- T/e spe'imen s/all brea&
in t/e 'able-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &15
C. C!rr!si!n Tes%ing
C )** General
)*) F%r 'ertain material an* +lui* '%mbinati%ns ,/ere impr%per manu+a'ture %r +abri'ati%n 'an 'ause
sus'eptibility t% '%rr%si%n relate* *ama(e. t/e nee* +%r '%rr%si%n testin( *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n an*I%r pr%*u'ti%n
%+ materials s/all be assesse*- ertain '%rr%si%n tests are +urt/er appli'able t% )eri+y a*e2uate mi'r%stru'ture
a++e'tin( t%u(/ness in a**iti%n t% '%rr%si%n resistan'e- T/is subse'ti%n *es'ribes test re2uirements an*
met/%*s +%r '%rr%si%n testin(-
C 4** 9i%%ing c!rr!si!n %es%
4*) T/is test is appli'able t% )eri+y RAsN resistan'e t% pittin( an* 're)i'e '%rr%si%n by %:i*isin( an*
'/l%ri*e '%ntainin( +lui*s. e-(- ra, sea,ater an* %t/er ,ater '%ntainin( +lui*s Cin'lu*in( treate* sea,ater4 ,it/
/i(/ resi*ual '%ntents %+ %:y(en an*I%r a'ti)e '/l%rine- F%r *uple: stainless steels. t/is test is +urt/er appli'able
t% )eri+y a*e2uate mi'r%stru'ture a+ter manu+a'turin( %r +abri'ati%n Csee !1014-
4*4 Testin( s/all be 'arrie* %ut a''%r*in( t% AST6 3;F. 6et/%* A-
4*8 B%'ati%n %+ spe'imens is (i)en in Appen*i: . Fi(ures 1 an* "-
4*4 T/e minimum re'%mmen*e* siJe %+ test spe'imens is "= mm ,i*e by =0 mm l%n( by +ull material
t/i'&ness Ce:'ept as all%,e* by "0=4- F%r ,el*s. at least 1= mm %+ t/e base material %n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e ,el*
s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e test spe'imen-
4*# Test spe'imens +r%m 'la*Iline* pipe s/all be ma'/ine* t% rem%)e t/e 'arb%n steel p%rti%n an* are t%
'%ntain t/e +ull ,el* an* any /eat a++e'te* J%ne in t/e '%rr%si%n resistant all%y- T/e spe'imen t/i'&ness s/all
as a minimum be 1 mm ,/ere %ne %+ t/e sur+a'es is representin( t/e insi*e %+ t/e pipe-
4*5 R%lle* sur+a'es s/all be teste* Sas-re'ei)e*T. i-e- ,it/%ut me'/ani'al preparati%n- T/e r%%t an* t/e 'ap
si*e %+ t/e ,el*s are %nly t% be prepare* ,it/ t/e intenti%n %+ rem%)in( Sl%%se materialT t/at ,ill inter+ere ,it/
,ei(/in( pri%r t% an* a+ter testin(- ut +a'es s/all be (r%un* C=00 (ri*4 an* s/arp e*(es sm%%t/e* %++- T/e
spe'imen s/all subse2uently be pi'&le* t% re*u'e t/e sus'eptibility %+ 'ut sur+a'es t% en*-(rain atta'&- F%r
*uple: stainless steels an* austeniti' (ra*es ,it/ PRE _ #0. "0L nitri' a'i* W =L /y*r%+lu%ri' a'i*. = minutes
at >0] is a*e2uate-
4*& T/e test s%luti%n s/all be prepare* a''%r*in( t% t/e re+eren'e* stan*ar*-
%orrosion testing of weld overlay
4*2 Spe'imens +%r '%rr%si%n testin( %+ t/e ,el* %)erlay s/all be ma'/ine* +r%m t/e base material si*e- T/e
remainin( sur+a'e %+ t/e spe'imen s/all be representati)e +%r t/e ,el* %)erlay at t/e minimum *istan'e +r%m
t/e +usi%n line Ce2ual t% # mm %r t/e minimum ,el* %)erlay t/i'&ness spe'i+ie* +%r t/e +inis/e* ma'/ine*
'%mp%nent. ,/i'/e)er is t/e lesser4- T/e %pp%site sur+a'e %+ t/e spe'imen s/all be ma'/ine* su'/ t/at t/e
t/i'&ness %+ t/e spe'imen is " mm- T/e siJe %+ t/e spe'imen s/all be "= "= mm in len(t/ an* ,i*t/-
C 8** H7"r!gen in"'ce" crac0ing %es%
8*) Testin( +%r Hy*r%(en In*u'e* ra'&in( CHI4. als% re+erre* t% as Step@ise ra'&in( CS@4. as *e+ine*
in ISO 1=1=> is appli'able t% r%lle* -6n steel linepipe an* pipeline '%mp%nents- Testin( s/all be a''%r*in(
t% ISO 1=1=>-". !-= Cre+errin( t% NAE T60"F;4-
8*4 Tests s/%ul* be '%n*u'te* in a me*ium '%mplyin( ,it/ NAE T60"F;. S%luti%n A-
I+ a(ree*. tests may be '%n*u'te*0
1 in =L mass +ra'ti%n Nal W 0-; mass +ra'ti%n H
#
OONa an* pH a*Guste* t% re2uire* )alue usin( Hl %r
NaOH Csee ISO 1=1=>-"0"00#. Table !-#4
1 ,it/ a partial pressure %+ H
"
S appr%priate t% t/e inten*e* appli'ati%n
1 ,it/ a''eptan'e 'riteria t/at are e2ual t% %r m%re strin(ent t/an t/%se spe'i+ie* in Se'-< I110-
Values %+ 'ra'& len(t/ rati%. 'ra'& t/i'&ness rati%. an* 'ra'& sensiti)ity rati% s/all be rep%rte*- I+ a(ree*.
p/%t%(rap/s %+ any rep%rtable 'ra'& s/all be pr%)i*e* ,it/ t/e rep%rt-
C 4** S'l(hi"e s%ress crac0ing %es%
8ualification of new materials
4*) F%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ne, materials Ci-e- n%t liste* +%r H
"
S ser)i'e in ISO 1=1=>-"I#4. testin( s/all be
'%n*u'te* %n spe'imens +r%m at least # /eats %+ material- 5uali+i'ati%n testin( s/all in'lu*e testin( %+ simulate*
(irt/ ,el*s an* +%r ,el*e* pipe als% seam ,el*s. in a**iti%n t% l%n(itu*inal samples %+ t/e base material-
Spe'imen preparati%n. testin( pr%'e*ures an* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all '%mply ,it/ ISO 1=1=>. usin( tripli'ate
spe'imens +%r ea'/ testin( '%n*iti%n Ci-e- /eat %+ material an* en)ir%nment4-
4*4 6aterials liste* +%r H
"
S ser)i'e in ISO 1=1=> but n%t meetin( t/e re2uirements in Se'-< I100. Ce-(-
ma:imum /ar*ness %r '%ntents %+ all%yin( %r impurity elements4 may be 2uali+ie* by testin( +%r resistan'e t%
Sulp/i*e Stress ra'&in( CSS4 as spe'i+ie* in ;01. e:'ept t/at testin( s/all be 'arrie* %ut %n material
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &16
representin( t/e ,%rst 'ase '%n*iti%ns t% be 2uali+ie* Ce-(- ma:- /ar*ness %r ma:- sulp/ur '%ntent4-
8ualification of pipe manufacturing
4*8 As an %pti%n t% Pur'/aser. SS testin( may be 'arrie* %ut +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ pipe manu+a'turin(- One
l%n(itu*inal base material sample s/all be ta&en +r%m ea'/ test pipe-
4*4 F%r ,el*e* linepipe. testin( s/all in'lu*e %ne a**iti%nal sample trans)erse t% t/e ,el* *ire'ti%n Csamples
@ %r @S a''%r*in( t% Fi(ure = in ISO #1F#4 an* s/all '%ntain a se'ti%n %+ t/e l%n(itu*inal %r /eli'al seam
,el* at its 'entre-
4*# T/ree test pie'es s/all be ta&en +r%m ea'/ sample- Test pie'es +%r +%ur-p%int ben*in( SS tests s/%ul*
be 11= mm l%n( 1= mm ,i*e = mm t/i'&- Samples may be +lattene* pri%r t% ma'/inin( test pie'es +r%m
t/e insi*e sur+a'e %+ t/e pipe-
4*5 Tests s/%ul* be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ NAE T601<<. usin( Test S%luti%n A- A +%ur-p%int ben*
test pie'e in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO <=#H-" s/all be use* an* t/e test *urati%n s/all be <"0 /- T/e test pie'es s/all
be stresse* t% a +ra'ti%n %+ ARS appr%priate +%r t/e pipeline *esi(n. /%,e)er minimum F0L %+ t/e material
ARS-
Fig're )
3en" %es% s(eci$ens
Fig're 4
!ngi%'"inal r!!% 6en" %es% s(eci$ens
9
t
l &%% mm
9
r %.$ t. ma>. '.% mm
:all edges<
t ? !pecimen thickness, t ? $% mm
9 ? 9idth of specimen ? =ase material thickness
The weld reinforcement is to be machined / ground
flush with the base material
a< !;D, =,ND T,!T !0,(;8,N
:0l./pipe mat. thickness t &2 mm.<
t
l
&%% mm
r %.$ t. ma>. '.% mm
:all edges<
9
t ? !pecimen thickness ? =ase material thickness
9 ? 9idth of specimen, 9 ? $.2 t, min. &% mm
The weld reinforcement is to be machined / ground
flush with the base material
t
b< #*(,//T =,ND T,!T !0,(;8,N
:0l./pipe mat. thickness t @ &2 mm.<
t
l &%% mm
T
9
t ? !pecimen thickness ? $% mm
9 ? 9idth of specimen ? '% mm
T ? =ase material thickness
The weld reinforcement is to be machined / ground
flush with the base material
t
r %.$ t. ma>. '.% mm
:all edges<
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &2%
1 T/e SFBT spe'imen s/all sample =0L @6 an* =0L HAU
1 T/e SFBW= mmT sample is appli'able t% @P5T %nly-
Fig're 8
Char(7 D-n!%ch i$(ac% %es%ing s(eci$en (!si%i!ns +!r single si"e" 1el"s 1i%h % 4# $$
1 T/e SFBT spe'imen s/all sample =0L @6 an* =0L HAU
1 T/e SFBW = mmT sample is appli'able t% @P5T %nly-
Fig're 4
Char(7 D-n!%ch i$(ac% %es% s(eci$en (!si%i!ns +!r single si"e" 1el"s 1i%h % > 4# $$
1 T/e spe'imens in*i'ate* in t/e r%%t area are %nly appli'able ,/en t _ "= mm4
1 T/e SFBT spe'imen s/all sample =0L @6 an* =0L HAU
1 T/e SFBW= mmT samples are appli'able t% @P5T %nly Cn%t at pipe mill4-
Fig're #
Char(7 D-n!%ch i$(ac% %es% s(eci$en (!si%i!ns +!r "!'6le si"e" 1el"s
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &2$
1 T/e spe'imens in*i'ate* in t/e r%%t area are %nly appli'able ,/en t _ "= mm4-
Fig're 5
Char(7 D-n!%ch i$(ac% %es% s(eci$en (!si%i!ns +!r HF 1el"s
1 T/e SFBT spe'imen s/all sample =0L @6 an* =0L HAU
1 T/e SFBW= mmT sample is appli'able t% @P5T %nly-
Fig're &
Char(7 D-n!%ch i$(ac% %es% s(eci$en (!si%i!ns +!r +'ll %hic0ness re(air 1el"ing !+ narr!1 ga( 1el"s
1 T/e SFBT spe'imen s/all sample =0L @6 an* =0L HAU
1 T/e SFBW= mmT sample is appli'able t% @P5T %nly-
Fig're 2
Char(7 D-n!%ch i$(ac% %es% s(eci$en (!si%i!ns +!r (ar%ial %hic0ness re(air 1el"ing
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &2&
Fig're :
;ll's%ra%i!n !+ %7(ical n!%ch (!si%i!ns +!r +rac%'re %!'ghness %es%ing !+ gir%h 1el"s
Fig're )*
Har"ness l!ca%i!ns in a/ sea$less (i(es= 6/ HFW (i(e= an" c/ +'si!n 1el"e" A!in%s.
Fig're ))
Har"ness l!ca%i!ns cla" $a%erials
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &2'
Fig're )4
The cla$(e" SENT .Single E"ge N!%che" Tensi!n/ s(eci$en
Fig're )8
Tensile s(eci$en +!r "e%er$ina%i!n !+ s%ressHs%rain c'r-es !+ 1el" $e%als in %he 1el" %rans-erse "irec%i!n
Fig're )4
;ns%r'$en%a%i!n !+ (i(e sec%i!n !+ sa$(les +!r (re-s%raining !+ $a%erials
W
P
P
a
B
+ripped area
+ripped area
'Day"light'
between grips, )
) ? $%9
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &21
A99END;M C
WED;NG
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is Appen*i: (i)es re2uirements t% all ,el*in( %n submarine pipeline systems ,it/ e:'epti%n %+
l%n(itu*inal seam ,el*in( in pipe mills t/at is (i)en in Se'-<-
A 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) T/is appen*i: applies t% all +abri'ati%n in)%l)in( s/%p-. site- %r +iel* ,el*in( in'lu*in( p%st ,el* /eat
treatment-
4*4 T/e base materials '%)ere* by t/is appen*i: are0
1 -6n an* l%, all%y steels
1 '%rr%si%n resistant all%ys CRA4 in'lu*in( +erriti' austeniti' C*uple:4 steel. austeniti' stainless steels.
martensiti' stainless steels C1#r4. %t/er stainless steels an* ni'&el base* all%ys
1 'la* an* line* steels-
T/e base material re2uirements are spe'i+ie* in Se'-< an* Se'-F-
4*8 @el*in( may be per+%rme* ,it/ t/e +%ll%,in( pr%'esses unless %t/er,ise spe'i+ie*0
1 S/iel*e* 6etal Ar' @el*in(. S6A@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1114
1 Flu: %re* Ar' @el*in( ,it/ a'ti)e (as s/iel*. 3-FA@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1#>4
1 Flu: %re* Ar' @el*in( ,it/ inert (as s/iel*. 3-FA@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1#<4
1 3as 6etal Ar' @el*in( ,it/ inert (as s/iel*. 36A@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1#14
1 3as 6etal Ar' @el*in( ,it/ a'ti)e (as s/iel*. 36A@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1#=4
1 Tun(sten Inert 3as Ar' @el*in(. 3TA@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1;14
1 Submer(e* Ar' @el*in(. SA@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1"4
1 Plasma ar' ,el*in(. PA@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1=4 may be use* +%r spe'i+i' appli'ati%ns-
G'i"ance n!%eF
36A@ an* FA@ C*%,n/ill %nly4 are re(ar*e* as met/%*s ,it/ /i(/ p%tential +%r n%n-+usin( type *e+e'ts-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e +%ll%,in( pr%'esses may be use* +%r spe'i+i' appli'ati%ns subGe't t% a(reement0
1 Baser beam ,el*in(. B!@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-="4
1 Ele'tr%n beam ,el*in(. E!@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-=14
1 Ele'tr% sla( ,el*in(
1 Plasma trans+erre* ar' ,el*in(. PTA-
4*# 6e'/anise* an* aut%mati' ,el*in( systems ,/ere pre)i%us e:perien'e is limite*. %r ,/ere t/e system
,ill be use* un*er ne, '%n*iti%ns. s/all be subGe't t% a m%re e:tensi)e pre-2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme %r
*%'umentati%n be+%re t/ey may be use*- T/e e:tent an* t/e '%ntents %+ a pre-2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme +%r su'/
me'/anise* ,el*in( systems s/all be a(ree* be+%re start up- T/e %ntra't%r s/all pr%)e an* *%'ument t/at t/e
,el*in( systems are reliable an* t/at t/e pr%'ess 'an be '%ntinu%usly m%nit%re* an* '%ntr%lle*-
A 8** De+ini%i!ns
8*) T/e +%ll%,in( *e+initi%ns are use* in t/is appen*i:0
6elder: Pers%n ,/% per+%rms t/e ,el*in(-
$anual welder: @el*er ,/% /%l*s an* manipulates t/e ele'tr%*e /%l*er. ,el*in( (un. t%r'/ %r
bl%,pipe by /an*-
6elding operator: @el*er ,/% %perates ,el*in( e2uipment ,it/ partly me'/anise* relati)e
m%)ement bet,een t/e ele'tr%*e /%l*er. ,el*in( (un. t%r'/ %r bl%,pipe an*
t/e ,%r& pie'e-
$anual welding: @el*in( ,/ere t/e ,el*in( parameters an* t%r'/ (ui*an'e are '%ntr%lle* by
t/e ,el*er-
Partly(mechanised welding: @el*in( ,/ere t/e ,el*in( parameters an* t%r'/ (ui*an'e are '%ntr%lle* by
t/e ,el*er. but ,/ere t/e e2uipment in'%rp%rates ,ire +ee*in(-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &22
A 4** E'ali%7 ass'rance
4*) Re2uirements +%r 2uality assuran'e are (i)en in Se'-" !=00-
3. Wel"ing E<'i($en%= T!!ls an" 9ers!nnel
3 )** Wel"ing e<'i($en% an" %!!ls
)*) Inspe'ti%n %+ t/e ,%r&s/%p. site %r )essel pri%r t% start %+ ,el*in( s/all be re2uire*- T/is s/all in'lu*e
)eri+i'ati%n %+ 'alibrati%n an* testin( %+ all t%%ls an* ,el*in( e2uipment use* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%nIpr%*u'ti%n
,el*in(-
G'i"ance n!%eF
ISO #F#;-" (i)es 2uality re2uirements +%r ,el*in( b%t/ in ,%r&s/%ps. sites %r )essels t/at may be appli'able +%r
submarine pipeline systems-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*4 @el*in( e2uipment s/all be %+ a 'apa'ity an* type suitable +%r t/e ,%r&- T/e e2uipment s/all be
'alibrate* an* maintaine* in (%%* ,%r&in( '%n*iti%n-
)*8 T/e '%ntr%l s%+t,are +%r me'/anise* an* aut%mati' ,el*in( systems s/all be *%'umente*- T/e name an*
uni2ue )ersi%n number %+ '%ntr%l s%+t,are an* t/e e:e'utable pr%(ramme in use s/all be 'learly )isible. e-(-
%n *isplays an*I%r print%uts- F%r me'/aniJe* ,el*in(. a ,el*in( system ,/i'/ *isplays t/e instantane%us /eat
input %n s'reen ,it/ %utputs +%r re'%r*in( )ari%us parameters s/%ul* be use*-
)*4 All ,el*in( e2uipment s/all /a)e a uni2ue mar&in( +%r i*enti+i'ati%n-
)*# alibrati%n status an* t/e )ali*ity %+ ,el*in(. m%nit%rin( an* inspe'ti%n e2uipment s/all be summarise*
(i)in( re+eren'e t% t/e type %+ e2uipment. 'alibrati%n 'erti+i'ate an* e:piry *ate-
)*5 @el*in( return 'ables s/all /a)e su++i'ient 'r%ss se'ti%n area t% pre)ent '%n'entrati%n %+ 'urrent an*
s/all be se'urely atta'/e* t% pre)ent ar' burns-
3 4** 9ers!nnel
4*) All pers%nnel in)%l)e* in ,el*in( relate* tas&s s/all /a)e a*e2uate 2uali+i'ati%ns an* un*erstan*in( %+
,el*in( te'/n%l%(y- T/e 2uali+i'ati%n le)el s/all re+le't t/e tas&s an* resp%nsibilities %+ ea'/ pers%n in %r*er
t% %btain t/e spe'i+ie* 2uality le)el-
6elding co(ordinator
4*4 T/e %r(anisati%n resp%nsible +%r ,el*in( s/all n%minate at least %ne aut/%rise* ,el*in( '%-%r*inat%r in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1;<#1 t% be present at t/e l%'ati%n ,/ere ,el*in( is per+%rme*- T/e ,el*in( '%-%r*inat%r
s/all /a)e '%mpre/ensi)e te'/ni'al &n%,le*(e a''%r*in( t% ISO 1;<#1. para(rap/ >-"-a-
6elding operators and welders
4*8 T/r%u(/ trainin( an* pra'tise pri%r t% 2uali+i'ati%n testin(. t/e ,el*in( pers%nnel s/all /a)e an
un*erstan*in( %+ Csee Anne: D %+ ISO H>0>-140
1 +un*amental ,el*in( te'/ni2ues
1 ,el*in( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%ns
1 rele)ant met/%*s +%r n%n-*estru'ti)e testin(
1 a''eptan'e 'riteria-
4*4 @el*in( %perat%rs per+%rmin( aut%mati' ,el*in( s/all be 2uali+ie* a''%r*in( t% EN 1;1F %r ISO1;<#"-
4*# @el*ers per+%rmin( manual. partly-me'/anise* ,el*in( an* me'/anise* ,el*in( s/all be 2uali+ie* +%r
sin(le si*e butt ,el*s %+ pipes %r plates in t/e re2uire* prin'ipal p%siti%n in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO H>0>-1. EN
"F<-1 %r %t/er rele)ant an* re'%(nise* stan*ar*s. +%r t/e respe'ti)e p%siti%ns. material (ra*es an* ,el*in(
pr%'esses- T/ese re2uirements are als% appli'able +%r ,el*ers per+%rmin( temp%rary ,el*s an* ta'& ,el*s-
4*5 @el*ers s/all be 2uali+ie* +%r sin(le si*e butt ,el*in( %+ pipes in t/e re2uire* prin'ipal p%siti%n- @el*ers
may be 2uali+ie* +%r part %+ t/e ,el*. r%%t. +illers %r 'ap by a(reement- Repair ,el*ers ,ill be 2uali+ie* +%r all
$echanised welding: @el*in( ,/ere t/e ,el*in( parameters an* t%r'/ (ui*an'e are +ully '%ntr%lle*
me'/ani'ally %r ele'tr%ni'ally but ,/ere min%r manual a*Gustments 'an be
per+%rme* *urin( ,el*in( t% maintain t/e re2uire* ,el*in( '%n*iti%ns-
)utomatic welding: @el*in( ,/ere t/e ,el*in( parameters an* t%r'/ (ui*an'e are +ully '%ntr%lle*
me'/ani'ally %r ele'tr%ni'ally an* ,/ere manual a*Gustment %+ ,el*in(
)ariables *urin( ,el*in( is n%t p%ssible an* ,/ere t/e tas& %+ t/e ,el*in(
%perat%r is limite* t% preset. start an* st%p t/e ,el*in( %perati%n-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &23
types %+ repair a+ter su''ess+ully bein( teste* %n +ull penetrati%n repair pr%)i*in( t/e ,el*in( pr%'esses are t/e
same +%r t/e parti'ular se'ti%n- 6inimum repair len(t/ s/all be #00 mm. an* t/e repair s/all be per+%rme* in
t/e m%st *i++i'ult p%siti%n e:pe'te* Cn%rmally > %N'l%'& p%siti%n4-
4*& T/e 2uali+i'ati%n test s/all be 'arrie* %ut ,it/ t/e same %r e2ui)alent e2uipment t% be use* *urin(
pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(. an* s/%ul* be at t/e a'tual premises. i-e- ,%r& s/%p. yar*. an* )essel- 8se %+ %t/er
premises s/all be spe'ially a(ree*-
4*2 5uali+i'ati%n NDT s/all be 100L )isual e:aminati%n. 100L ra*i%(rap/i' %r ultras%ni' testin(. an*
100L ma(neti' parti'le %r li2ui* penetrant testin(- Test re2uirements an* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D. subse'ti%n !-
4*: @/en usin( pr%'esses ,/i'/ /a)e /i(/ p%tential +%r n%n-+usin( type *e+e'ts. in'lu*in( 3-FA@
CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1#<4. ben* testin( s/all be per+%rme* ,it/ t/e number %+ ben* tests a''%r*in( t% ISO H>0>-
1- !en* testin( may be %mitte* in situati%ns ,/ere A8T is applie* *urin( ,el*er 2uali+i'ati%n-
4)* A ,el*er %r ,el*in( %perat%r ,/% /as pr%*u'e* a '%mplete an* a''eptable ,el*in( pr%'e*ure
2uali+i'ati%n is t/ereby 2uali+ie*-
Retesting
4)) A ,el*er may pr%*u'e a**iti%nal test pie'es i+ it is *em%nstrate* t/at t/e +ailure %+ a test pie'e is *ue t%
metallur(i'al %r %t/er 'auses %utsi*e t/e '%ntr%l %+ t/e ,el*erI,el*in( %perat%r-
4)4 I+ it is *etermine* t/at t/e +ailure %+ a test is *ue t% ,el*erNs la'& %+ s&ill. retestin( s/all %nly be per+%rme*
a+ter t/e ,el*er /as re'ei)e* +urt/er trainin(-
Period of validity
4)8 T/e peri%* %+ )ali*ity %+ a ,el*er 2uali+i'ati%n s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e stan*ar* use* +%r
2uali+i'ati%n- A 2uali+i'ati%n 'an be 'an'elle* i+ t/e ,el*erI,el*in( %perat%r s/%, ina*e2uate s&ill. &n%,le*(e
an* per+%rman'e-
4)4 @/en a 2uali+i'ati%n testin( %+ re'ent *ate is trans+erre* t% a ne, pr%Ge't. t/e ,el*in( pers%nnel s/all be
in+%rme* ab%ut parti'ular pr%Ge't re2uirements +%r ,/i'/ t/eir ,el*in( per+%rman'e ,ill be espe'ially
imp%rtant-
'dentification of welders
4)# Ea'/ 2uali+ie* ,el*er s/all be assi(ne* an i*enti+yin( number. letter %r symb%l t% i*enti+y t/e ,%r& %+
t/at ,el*er-
4)5 5uali+ie* ,el*ers s/all be issue* ,it/ an* be 'arryin( an ID 'ar* *isplayin( t/e i*enti+yin( number.
letter %r symb%l-
4)& T/e @el*in( %%r*inat%r s/all maintain a list %+ ,el*ers ID statin( t/e 2uali+i'ati%n ran(e +%r ea'/
,el*er-
Thermal cutters and air(arc gougers
4)2 Pers%nnel t% per+%rm air-ar' (%u(in( s/all be traine* an* e:perien'e* ,it/ t/e a'tual e2uipment-
5uali+i'ati%n testin( may be re2uire*-
5perators for pin bra,ing and aluminothermic welding
4): Operat%rs t/at /a)e per+%rme* a 2uali+ie* pr%'e*ure test are t/ereby 2uali+ie*-
44* Ot/er %perat%rs s/all ea'/ '%mplete t/ree test pie'es ma*e in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e pr%'e*ure
spe'i+i'ati%n pri%r t% 'arryin( %ut %perati%n ,%r&- Ea'/ test pie'e s/all pass t/e test +%r ele'tri'al resistan'e
an* me'/ani'al stren(t/ a''%r*in( t% Table ->-
3 8** E'ali+ica%i!n an" %es%ing !+ 1el"ing (ers!nnel +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
8*) Re2uirements +%r 2uali+i'ati%n an* testin( %+ ,el*in( pers%nnel +%r /yperbari' *ry ,el*in( are (i)en in
subse'ti%n I-
C. Wel"ing C!ns'$a6les
C )** General
)*) @el*in( '%nsumables s/all be suitable +%r t/eir inten*e* appli'ati%n. (i)in( a ,el* ,it/ t/e re2uire*
pr%perties an* '%rr%si%n resistan'e in t/e +inally installe* '%n*iti%n-
)*4 @el*in( '%nsumables +%r ar' ,el*in( s/all be 'lassi+ie* a''%r*in( t% re'%(nise* 'lassi+i'ati%n s'/emes-
)*8 @el*in( '%nsumables an* ,el*in( pr%'esses s/all (i)e a *i++usible /y*r%(en '%ntent %+ ma:imum = mlI
100( ,el* metal unless %t/er re2uirements are (i)en +%r spe'i+i' appli'ati%ns in t/is Appen*i:- Hy*r%(en
testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO #>H0-
)*4 F%r t/e FA@ ,el*in( pr%'esses it s/all be *%'umente* t/at t/e /y*r%(en '%ntent %+ t/e *ep%site* ,el*
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &24
metal ,ill be bel%, = ml *i++usible /y*r%(en per 100 ( ,el* metal un*er '%n*iti%ns t/at realisti'ally 'an be
e:pe'te* +%r pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(-
)*# @el*in( '%nsumables +%r pr%'esses %t/er t/an manual %r me'/anise* ar' ,el*in( may re2uire spe'ial
'%nsi*erati%n ,it/ respe't t% 'erti+i'ati%n. /an*lin( an* st%ra(e-
)*5 Depleti%n %+ all%yin( elements *urin( ,el*in( per+%rme* ,it/ s/iel*in( (ases %t/er t/an HH-HHL ar(%n
s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
)*& All ,el*in( '%nsumables s/all be in*i)i*ually mar&e* an* supplie* ,it/ an inspe'ti%n 'erti+i'ate type
#-1 a''%r*in( t% EN 10"0; %r e2ui)alent- erti+i'ate type "-" is su++i'ient +%r SA@ +lu:-
%ellulose coated electrodes
)*2 ellul%se '%ate* ele'tr%*es may be use* %nly subGe't t% a(reement +%r ,el*in( %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s
in -6n linepipe ,it/ S6RS ;=0 6Pa- I+ use*. t/e *elay bet,een '%mpleti%n %+ t/e r%%t pass an* t/e
*ep%siti%n %+ t/e /%t pass s/all be simulate* *urin( ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n a''%r*in( t% E10F-
)*: 8se %+ 'ellul%se '%ate* ele'tr%*es is n%t permitte* +%r0
1 repair ,el*in( %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s
1 ,el*in( %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s in -6n linepipe ,it/ S6RS > ;=0 6Pa-
ata Sheet
))* Ea'/ bat'/ %+ ,el*in( '%nsumables s/all be *eli)ere* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a 6anu+a'turerNs *ata s/eet.
,/i'/ s/all state0
1 (uarantee* ma:imum )alue +%r *i++usible /y*r%(en in t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal
1 t/e (uarantee* minimum an* ma:imum le)els %+ . all%yin( elements an* any %t/er intenti%nally a**e*
elements
1 (uarantee* me'/ani'al pr%perties Ctensile an* impa't4
1 *etermine* un*er *e+ine* re+eren'e '%n*iti%ns- T/e *ata s/eet s/all. ,/en rele)ant. als% (i)e
re'%mmen*ati%ns +%r /an*lin(Ire'y'lin( %+ t/e ,el*in( '%nsumables in %r*er t% meet t/e (uarantee*
ma:imum )alue +%r *i++usible /y*r%(en in t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e %ntra't%r resp%nsible +%r t/e ,el*in( an* t/e ,el*in( '%nsumable manu+a'turer s/%ul* a(ree %n t/e '%ntent
an* t/e spe'i+ie* limits in t/e *ata s/eets-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
C 4** Che$ical c!$(!si%i!n
4*) All ,el*in( '%nsumables s/all be *eli)ere* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 6anu+a'turerAs *ata s/eets. ,/i'/ s/all
state t/e minimum an* ma:imum le)els %+ . 6n. Si. P. S. mi'r%-all%yin( elements an* any %t/er intenti%nally
a**e* elements-
4*4 F%r s%li* ,ire an* metal p%,*ers. t/e '/emi'al analysis s/all represent t/e pr%*u't itsel+- T/e analysis
s/all in'lu*e all elements spe'i+ie* in t/e rele)ant 'lassi+i'ati%n stan*ar* an* t/e rele)ant *ata s/eet-
4*8 F%r '%ate* ele'tr%*es an* '%re* ,ires. t/e analysis s/all represent t/e ,el* metal. *ep%site* a''%r*in(
t% EN ">F;< CISO >F;<4- T/e analysis s/all in'lu*e all elements spe'i+ie* in t/e rele)ant 'lassi+i'ati%n stan*ar*
an* t/e rele)ant *ata s/eet
4*4 @/en H
"
S ser)i'e is spe'i+ie*. t/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal s/all '%mply ,it/
ISO 1=1=>- T/e Ni-'%ntent in ,el*in( '%nsumables +%r (irt/ ,el*s in -6n steel may be in'rease* up t% "L
Ni. pr%)i*e* t/at %t/er re2uirements in ISO 1=1=> are +ul+ille*. an* t/at t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure /as been teste*
+%r resistan'e t% SS-
4*# T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ t/e ,el* %)erlay materials s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e material re2uirements
spe'i+ie* +%r t/e appli'able type %+ %)erlay material %r ,it/ a pr%Ge't spe'i+i'ati%n-
C 8** Mechanical (r!(er%ies
Pipeline girth welds
8*) @el* metal in pipeline (irt/ ,el*s s/all. as a minimum /a)e stren(t/. *u'tility an* t%u(/ness meetin(
t/e re2uirements %+ t/e base material-
8*4 F%r (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% strain
l.n%m
M 0-;L. t/e yiel* stress CR
t0-=
4 %+ t/e ,el* metal s/%ul* be
minimum F0 6Pa ab%)e S6RS %+ t/e base material- I+ t,% (ra*es are G%ine*. t/e re2uirement applies t% t/e
S6RS %+ t/e l%,er stren(t/ base material-
8*8 F%r (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% strain
l.n%m
0-;L.t/e a'tual all ,el* metal yiel* stren(t/ measure* *urin(
,el*in( 2uali+i'ati%n s/all n%t be m%re t/an "0 6Pa bel%, t/e spe'i+ie* ma:imum yiel* stren(t/ %+ t/e base
material- EA s/all be '%n*u'te* +%r all (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% a strain
l.n%m
0-;L Csee Appen*i: A4-
8*4 @/ene)er an EA is per+%rme*. t/e tensile pr%perties %+ t/e ,el* metal s/all at least be e2ual t% t/e
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &25
pr%perties use* as input t% t/e EA- I+ t/e pr%perties %+ t/e ,el* metal *% n%t meet t/ese re2uirements. it s/all
be )ali*ate* t/at t/e assumpti%ns ma*e *urin( *esi(n an*I%r t/e EA /a)e n%t been Ge%par*ise*-
8*# @/ene)er an EA is per+%rme* an* +%r steels ,it/ S6RS ;=0 6Pa. any bat'/ inten*e* +%r use in
pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( t/at ,as n%t 2uali+ie* *urin( ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n. s/all be 2uali+ie* a''%r*in(
t% ;00-
8*5 F%r (irt/ ,el*s. all bat'/es %+ '%nsumables use* in pr%*u'ti%n in'lu*in( p%ssible ,ire I +lu:
'%mbinati%ns s/%ul* be 2uali+ie* by testin( *urin( ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n-
8*& !at'/ testin( is n%t re2uire* +%r steels ,it/ S6RS M ;=0 6Pa an* ,/en EA is n%t per+%rme* pr%)i*in(
t/e tensile an* impa't pr%perties state* %n t/e materialIsupplier 'erti+i'ates are ab%)e H0L %+ t/e )alues %n t/e
materialIsupplier 'erti+i'ates +%r t/e bat'/ use* *urin( ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n-
Pipeline components
8*2 F%r ,el*s in pipeline '%mp%nents t/e ,el* metal s/all. as a minimum. /a)e *u'tility an* t%u(/ness
meetin( t/e re2uirements %+ t/e base material an* t/e a'tual yiel* stress CRt0-=4 %+ t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal
s/%ul* be minimum F0 6Pa ab%)e S6RS %+ t/e base material- I+ t,% (ra*es are G%ine*. t/e re2uirement
applies t% t/e S6RS %+ t/e l%,er stren(t/ base material-
C 4** 3a%ch %es%ing !+ 1el"ing c!ns'$a6les +!r (i(eline gir%h 1el"s
4*) A '%nsumable bat'/ is *e+ine* as t/e )%lume %+ pr%*u't i*enti+ie* by t/e supplier un*er %ne uni2ue
bat'/Il%t number. manu+a'ture* in %ne '%ntinu%us run +r%m bat'/Il%t '%ntr%lle* ra, materials- F%r s%li* ,ire
,el*in( '%nsumables. a bat'/ may be *e+ine* as %ri(inatin( +r%m t/e same /eat %+ '%ntr%lle* ra, materials.
an* n%t ne'essarily manu+a'ture* in %ne '%ntinu%us run-
4*4 !at'/ testin( s/all be '%n*u'te* t% )eri+y t/at '%nsumables n%t teste* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e ,el*in(
pr%'e*ure ,ill (i)e a *ep%site* ,el* metal n%minally e2ui)alent t% t/%se bat'/es use* +%r ,el*in( pr%'e*ure
2uali+i'ati%n. ,it/ respe't t% '/emistry an* me'/ani'al pr%perties-
4*8 T/e bat'/ testin( s/all be per+%rme* +%r all ,el*in( '%nsumables. in'lu*in( p%ssible ,ireI+lu:
'%mbinati%ns- %nsumable bat'/es an* '%mbinati%ns use* *urin( @P5 are '%nsi*ere* teste*-
4*4 Ea'/ in*i)i*ual pr%*u't Cbran* name an* *imensi%ns4 s/all be teste* %n'e per bat'/Il%t. e:'ept +%r s%li*
,ire %ri(inatin( +r%m t/e same /eat. ,/ere %ne *iameter may represent all- SA@ +lu:es *% n%t re2uire
in*i)i*ual testin( but SA@ ,ires s/all be teste* in '%mbinati%n ,it/ a sele'te*. n%minal bat'/ %+ +lu: %+ t/e
same 'lassi+i'ati%n as use* +%r t/e ,el*in( %+ t/e (irt/ ,el*s-
$echanical testing
4*# T/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* %n samples ta&en +r%m (irt/ ,el*s ,el*e* a''%r*in( t% t/e ,el*in(
pr%'e*ure t% be use* in pr%*u'ti%n- Samples s/all be rem%)e* +r%m t/e 1" an* > %A'l%'& p%siti%ns an* +r%m t/e
# %r H %A'l%'& p%siti%ns- T/e testin( at ea'/ p%siti%n s/all be per+%rme* as re2uire* in Appen*i: !. an* in'lu*e0
1 1 trans)erse all ,el* metal tensile test-
1 1 ma'r% se'ti%n ta&en a*Ga'ent t% t/e all-,el* metal tensile test- T/e ma'r% se'ti%n s/all be /ar*ness teste*
CHV104 )erti'ally t/r%u(/ t/e ,el* 'entre line ,it/ in*entati%ns spa'e* 1-= mm apart
1 1 set %+ /arpy V-n%t'/ test at ,el* 'entre line in t/e same l%'ati%ns as teste* *urin( @P5T- Test
temperature s/all be t/e same as +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e rele)ant ,el*in( pr%'e*ure-
4*5 I+ an EA is n%t per+%rme*. t/e me'/ani'al pr%perties s/all meet t/e spe'i+ie* minimum re2uirements-
4*& I+ an EA is use* as basis +%r establis/in( a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s Csee Appen*i: A4.
+ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( s/all be per+%rme* ,it/ t/e same type %+ spe'imens an* test '%n*iti%ns as +%r
2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e rele)ant ,el*in( pr%'e*ure. ,/ene)er0
1 a)era(e impa't test )alues are n%t ,it/in F0L %+ t/e a)era(e )alue %btaine* *urin( @P5T
1 t/e trans)erse all ,el* metal yiel* stress is n%t ,it/in H0L %+ t/e )alue %btaine* *urin( @P5T
In 'ase %+ +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin(. t/e results s/all as a minimum meet t/e )alues t/at /a)e been use* as t/e
basis +%r t/e EA-
%hemical analysis
4*2 F%r s%li* ,ire an* metal p%,*ers t/e analysis s/all represent t/e pr%*u't itsel+- F%r '%ate* ele'tr%*es an*
'%re* ,ires. t/e analysis s/all represent t/e ,el* metal. *ep%site* a''%r*in( t% EN ">F;< CISO >F;<4- T/e
analysis. ma*e by manu+a'turer %r '%ntra't%r. s/all in'lu*e0
1 all elements spe'i+ie* in t/e rele)ant 'lassi+i'ati%n stan*ar* an* t/e rele)ant *ata s/eet. see "01
1 t/e N '%ntent-
4*: T/e '/emi'al analysis s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e '%mp%siti%n ran(es state* in t/e 6anu+a'turerAs
*ata s/eets. see "01-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &26
C #** Shiel"ing= 6ac0ing an" (las$a gases
#*) T/e 'lassi+i'ati%n an* *esi(nati%n an* purity %+ s/iel*in(. ba'&in( an* plasma (ases s/all be in
'%mplian'e ,it/ ISO 1;1<=-
#*4 3ases s/all be *eli)ere* ,it/ a 'erti+i'ate statin( t/e 'lassi+i'ati%n. *esi(nati%n. purity an* *e,p%int %+
t/e *eli)ere* (as-
#*8 T/e (as supplyI*istributi%n system s/all be *esi(ne* an* maintaine* su'/ t/at t/e purity an* *e,p%int
is maintaine* up t% t/e p%int %+ use-
#*4 S/iel*in(. ba'&in( an* plasma (ases s/all be st%re* in t/e '%ntainers in ,/i'/ t/ey are supplie*- 3ases
s/all n%t be intermi:e* in t/eir '%ntainers-
#*# I+ (as mi:in( unit systems are use*. t/e *eli)ere* (as '%mp%siti%n s/all be )eri+ie* an* re(ularly
'/e'&e*-
C 5** Han"ling an" s%!rage !+ 1el"ing c!ns'$a6les
5*) A *etaile* pr%'e*ure +%r st%ra(e. /an*lin(. re'y'lin( an* re-ba&in( %+ ,el*in( '%nsumables t% ensure
t/at t/e /y*r%(en *i++usible '%ntent %+ ,el* metal is maintaine* at less t/an = ml per 100 ( ,el* metal s/all be
prepare*- T/e pr%'e*ure s/all. as a minimum. be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e 6anu+a'turerAs re'%mmen*ati%ns- T/e
pr%'e*ure s/all be re)ie,e* an* a(ree* pri%r t% start %+ t/e pr%*u'ti%n-
5*4 T/e 6anu+a'turerAs re'%mmen*ati%ns may be a*apte* +%r '%n*iti%ns at t/e l%'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%)i*e*
t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements are met0
1 s%li* an* +lu: '%re* ,ire s/all be treate* ,it/ 'are in %r*er t% a)%i* '%ntaminati%n. m%isture pi'&-up an*
rustin(. an* s/all be st%re* un*er '%ntr%lle* *ry '%n*iti%ns- Ran(es %+ temperature an* relati)e /umi*ity
+%r st%ra(e s/all be state*-
1 i+ )a'uum pa'&e* l%, /y*r%(en S6A@ ,el*in( '%nsumables are n%t use*. l%, /y*r%(en S6A@
'%nsumables s/all be st%re*. ba&e*. /an*le* an* re-ba&e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e 6anu+a'turerNs
re'%mmen*ati%n- Re-ba&in( m%re t/an %n'e s/%ul* n%t be permitte*
1 +lu: s/all be *eli)ere* in m%isture pr%%+ '%ntainersIba(s- T/e m%isture pr%%+ inte(rity %+ ba(s s/all be
)eri+ie* up%n *eli)ery an* ,/en retrie)in( ba(s +%r use- T/e +lu: s/all %nly be ta&en +r%m un*ama(e*
'%ntainersIba(s *ire'tly int% a /%pper %r st%ra(e '%ntainer
1 t/e temperature ran(es +%r /eate* /%ppers. /%l*in( b%:es an* st%ra(e '%ntainers s/all be in a''%r*an'e
,it/ t/e +lu: manu+a'turerNs re'%mmen*ati%ns
1 ,/ene)er re'y'lin( %+ +lu: is applie*. t/e re'y'lin( pr%'ess s/all ensure a near '%nstant rati% %+ ne,I
re'y'le* +lu: an* t/e rati% %+ ne,Ire'y'le* +lu: s/all be suitable t% pre)ent any *etrimental *e(ra*ati%n %+
t/e +lu: %peratin( '/ara'teristi's. e-(- m%isture pi'&-up. e:'essi)e buil*-up %+ +ines an* '/an(e %+ (rain
siJe balan'e-
D. Wel"ing 9r!ce"'res
D )** General
)*) Detaile* @el*in( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%ns s/all be prepare* +%r all ,el*in( '%)ere* by t/is Appen*i:-
)*4 All ,el*in( s/all be base* %n ,el*in( '%nsumables. ,el*in( pr%'esses an* ,el*in( te'/ni2ues pr%)en
t% be suitable +%r t/e type %+ material an* type %+ +abri'ati%n in 2uesti%n-
D 4** 9re-i!'sl7 <'ali+ie" 1el"ing (r!ce"'res
General
4*) A 2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ure %+ a parti'ular manu+a'turer is )ali* +%r ,el*in( %nly in ,%r&s/%ps %r
sites un*er t/e %perati%nal te'/ni'al an* 2uality '%ntr%l %+ t/at manu+a'turer-
4*4 F%r ,el*in( pr%'e*ures *e)el%pe*. 2uali+ie* an* &ept %n +ile +%r '%ntin(en'y situati%ns su'/ as
/yperbari' ,el*in( pr%'e*ures inten*e* +%r pipeline repair an* %t/er '%ntin(en'y situati%ns. t/e restri'ti%ns
bel%, s/all n%t apply-
Pipeline girth welds
4*8 Pre)i%usly 2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ures s/all n%t be use* +%r0
1 ,el*in( %+ (irt/ ,el*s ,/en t/e S6RS %+ -6n linepipe is _ ;=0 6Pa
1 ,el*in( %+ (irt/ ,el*s in 'la* %r line*. *uple: stainless steel %r 1#r martensiti' stainless steel linepipe-
4*4 E:'ept as limite* by D"0# ab%)e. a @PS +%r ne, pr%*u'ti%n may be base* %n a pre)i%usly 2uali+ie*
@P5R- T/e type an* e:tent %+ testin( an* test results +%r t/e pre)i%usly 2uali+ie* @P5R s/all meet t/e
re2uirements %+ t/is Appen*i:- A @PS +%r t/e ne, pr%*u'ti%n s/all be spe'i+ie* ,it/in t/e essential )ariables
%+ t/is Appen*i:-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &3%
4*# F%r @P5Rs %l*er t/an = years t/e )ali*ity s/all be *%'umente* t/r%u(/ pr%*u'ti%n tests-
Pipeline components
4*5 Pre)i%usly 2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ures s/all n%t be use* +%r ,el*in( %+ steels ,it/ S6RS > ;=0 6Pa-
A @PS +%r ne, pr%*u'ti%n may %t/er,ise be base* %n a pre)i%usly 2uali+ie* @P5R- T/e type an* e:tent %+
testin( an* test results +%r t/e pre)i%usly 2uali+ie* @P5R s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ t/is Appen*i: an* a
@PS +%r t/e ne, pr%*u'ti%n s/all. base* t/e pre)i%usly 2uali+ie* @P5R. be spe'i+ie* ,it/in t/e essential
)ariables %+ t/is Appen*i:-
4*& F%r a @P5R ,/ere t/e a'tual 2uali+i'ati%n is m%re t/an = years %l*. it s/all be *%'umente* t/r%u(/
pr%*u'ti%n tests t/at a @PS base* %n t/e 2uali+yin( @P5R /a)e been 'apable %+ pr%*u'in( ,el*s %+
a''eptable 2uality %)er a peri%* %+ time- Alternati)ely a limite* '%n+irmati%n ,el*in( may be per+%rme* t%
*em%nstrate t/at t/e @PS is ,%r&able an* pr%*u'in( ,el*s %+ a''eptable 2uality-
D 8** 9reli$inar7 1el"ing (r!ce"'re s(eci+ica%i!n
8*) A preliminary @el*in( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%n Cp@PS4 s/all be prepare* +%r ea'/ ne, ,el*in(
pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n- T/e p@PS s/all '%ntain t/e rele)ant in+%rmati%n re2uire* +%r ma&in( a ,el* +%r t/e
inten*e* appli'ati%n ,/en usin( t/e appli'able ,el*in( pr%'esses. in'lu*in( ta'& ,el*s-
D 4** Wel"ing (r!ce"'re <'ali+ica%i!n rec!r"
4*) T/e @el*in( Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n Re'%r* C@P5R4 s/all be a re'%r* %+ t/e materials. '%nsumables.
parameters an* any /eat treatment use* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( an* t/e subse2uent n%n-*estru'ti)e.
*estru'ti)e an* '%rr%si%n test results- All essential )ariables use* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( t/at are rele)ant
+%r t/e +inal appli'ati%n %+ t/e @P5R s/all be *%'umente* an* t/e ,el*in( parameters re'%r*e* in rele)ant
p%siti%ns +%r ea'/ pass-
D #** Wel"ing (r!ce"'re s(eci+ica%i!n
#*) A @el*in( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%n C@PS4 is a spe'i+i'ati%n base* %n %ne %r m%re a''epte* @P5Rs-
One %r m%re @PSs may be prepare* base* %n t/e *ata %+ %ne %r m%re @P5Rs pr%)i*e* t/e essential )ariables
are &ept ,it/in t/e a''eptable limits an* %t/er re2uirements %+ t/is Appen*i: are met- A @PS may in'lu*e %ne
%r a '%mbinati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'esses. '%nsumables %r %t/er )ariables- All limits an* ran(es +%r t/e appli'able
essential )ariables +%r t/e ,el*in( t% be per+%rme* s/all be state* in t/e @PS-
#*4 T/e @PS s/all be submitte* t%(et/er ,it/ t/e re+eren'e* supp%rtin( @P5RCs4 +%r re)ie, an*
a''eptan'e pri%r t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n-
D 5** Wel"ing (r!ce"'re s(eci+ica%i!n +!r re(air 1el"ing
5*) Repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%ns s/all be prepare* in line ,it/ t/e type %+ repair ,el*
2uali+i'ati%ns re2uire* in E#0<-
D &** C!n%en%s !+ (W9S
&*) T/e p@PS s/all '%ntain t/e rele)ant in+%rmati%n re2uire* +%r t/e appli'able ,el*in( pr%'esses.
in'lu*in( any ta'& ,el*s- A p@PS +%r pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( s/all in'lu*e t/e in+%rmati%n (i)en in Table -1
an* D<0". as rele)ant +%r t/e ,el*in( t% be per+%rme*-
)dditional re*uirements to p6PS for mechanised welding of pipeline girth welds
Ta6le C-) C!n%en%s !+ (W9S
$anufacturer 'dentification of manufacturer
p@PS I*enti+i'ati%n %+ t/e p@PS
@el*in( pr%'ess @el*in( pr%'ess an* +%r multiple pr%'essesO t/e %r*er %+ pr%'esses use*
6anual. partly-me'/anise*. me'/anise* an* aut%mati' ,el*in(
@el*in( e2uipment Type an* m%*el %+ ,el*in( e2uipment- Number %+ ,ires
!ase materials 6aterial (ra*eCs4. supply '%n*iti%n. '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n an* manu+a'turin( pr%'ess-
F%r steels ,it/ S6RS _ ;=0 6PaO Steel supplier an* F%r RAsO 8NS an* PRE numbers-
6aterial t/i'&ness an*
*iameter
6aterial t/i'&ness %+ test pie'e- N%minal ID %+ pipe
3r%%)e '%n+i(urati%n 3r%%)e *esi(nI'%n+i(urati%nO *imensi%ns an* t%leran'es %+ an(les. r%%t +a'e. r%%t (ap an*
,/en appli'ableO *iameters- !a'&in( an* ba'&in( material-
Ali(nment an* ta'&
,el*in(
Ta'& ,el*in( Crem%)al %+ ta'& ,el*s %r inte(rati%n %+ ta'& ,el*s in t/e ,el*4
Type %+ line-up 'lamp- Sta(e +%r rem%)al %+ line-up 'lamp
@el*in( '%nsumables Ele'tr%*e %r +iller metal *iameter %r 'r%ss se'ti%n area- Type. 'lassi+i'ati%n an* tra*e name-
6anu+a'turer '%nsumable *ata s/eet s/all be atta'/e*-
S/iel*in(. ba'&in( an*
plasma (ases
Desi(nati%n. 'lassi+i'ati%n an* purity a''%r*in( t% ISO 1;1<=- N%minal '%mp%siti%n %+ %t/er
(ases an* (as mi:tures- 3as +l%, rate
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &3$
)dditional re*uirements to p6PS for repair welding
&*4 A p@PS +%r repair ,el*in( s/all in a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements appli'able +%r a p@PS +%r pr%*u'ti%n
,el*in( in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in( in+%rmati%n0
1 type %+ repair Csee Table -<4
1 met/%* %+ rem%)al %+ t/e *e+e't. preparati%n an* *esi(n %+ t/e repair ,el* e:'a)ati%n
1 minimum repair *ept/ an* len(t/
1 minimum li(ament
1 )isual e:aminati%n an* NDT t% be per+%rme* %+ t/e e:'a)ate* area a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: D. Subse'ti%n
! t% '%n+irm '%mplete rem%)al %+ *e+e't be+%re ,el*in( as ,ell as )isual e:aminati%n an* NDT %+ t/e +inal
repaire* ,el*-
1 In 'ases ,/en t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness %r partial t/i'&ness repeate* repairs are permitte* %r a(ree* Csee Table
-<4 t/e l%'ati%n %+ a**iti%nal /arpy V-n%t'/ tests. in a**iti%n t% t/e tests re2uire* by Table -;. s/all be
s/%,n %n s&et'/es in t/e p@PS-
D 2** Essen%ial -aria6les +!r 1el"ing (r!ce"'res
2*) A 2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ure remains )ali* as l%n( as t/e essential )ariables are &ept ,it/in t/e limits
spe'i+ie* in Table -"-
2*4 F%r spe'ial ,el*in( pr%'esses as state* in A"0; an* ,el*in( systems usin( t/ese pr%'esses %t/er
essential parameters an* a''eptable )ariati%ns nee* t% be applie* an* s/all be subGe't t% a(reement-
2*8 T/e limits an* ran(es +%r essential )ariables +%r a @PS s/all be base* %n t/e %n *%'umente* re'%r*s in
%ne %r m%re @P5Rs-
2*4 T/e essential )ariables (i)en in Table -" s/all. ,/en appli'able. be supplemente* ,it/ t/e
re2uirements in DF0= t/r%u(/ DF1; bel%,-
Ele'tri'al '/ara'teristi's
an* pulsin( *ata
P%larity- Type %+ 'urrent CA. D %r pulse* 'urrent4- Pulse ,el*in( *etails Cma'/ine settin(s
an*I%r pr%(ramme sele'ti%n4
Ar' /ara'teristi's Spray ar'. (l%bular ar'. pulsatin( ar' %r s/%rt 'ir'uitin( ar'
@el*in( te'/ni2ues @el*in( p%siti%n a''%r*in( t% ISO >H;<- @el*in( *ire'ti%n- Strin(erI,ea)e bea*s- Se2uen'e
%+ *ep%siti%n %+ *i++erent '%nsumables- Number %+ passes t% be '%mplete* be+%re '%%lin( t%
bel%, pre/eat temperature- A''elerate* ,el* '%%lin( Cmet/%* an* me*ium4-
F%r *%uble si*e* ,el*in(0 Se2uen'e %+ si*es ,el*e* +irst an* last an* number %+ passes
,el*e* +r%m ea'/ si*e-
F%r 'ellul%se '%ate* ele'tr%*es0 Time lapse bet,een '%mpleti%n %+ r%%t pass an* start %+ /%t
pass an* number %+ ,el*ers %n ea'/ si*e-
Pre/eatin( 6et/%* %+ pre/eat an* minimum pre/eat temperature- 6inimum initial temperature ,/en
pre/eat is n%t use*-
Interpass temperature 6a:imum an* minimum interpass temperature
Heat input Heat input ran(e +%r ea'/ pass
P%st ,el* /eat treatment 6et/%*. time an* temperature +%r p%st /eatin( +%r /y*r%(en release
6et/%* %+ p%st ,el* /eat treatment C/%l*in( time an* /eatin( an* '%%lin( rates4
Spe'i+i' +%r t/e S6A@
,el*in( pr%'ess
Run-%ut len(t/ %+ ele'tr%*e %r tra)el spee*
Spe'i+i' +%r t/e SA@
,el*in( pr%'ess
Number an* '%n+i(urati%n %+ ,ire ele'tr%*es- Flu:. *esi(nati%n. manu+a'turer an* tra*e
name- A**iti%nal +iller metal- %nta't tip - ,%r& pie'e *istan'e- Ar' )%lta(e ran(e-
Spe'i+i' +%r t/e FA@
,el*in( pr%'ess
6%*e %+ metal trans+er Cs/%rt 'ir'uitin(. spray %r (l%bular trans+er4
Spe'i+i' +%r t/e 36A@
,el*in( pr%'ess
S/iel*in( an* ba'&in( (as +l%, rate- A**iti%nal +iller metal- %nta't tip - ,%r& pie'e
*istan'e- Ar' )%lta(e ran(e-
Spe'i+i' +%r t/e 3TA@
,el*in( pr%'ess
S/iel*in( an* ba'&in( (as +l%, rate- N%JJle *iameter- Diameter an* '%*i+i'ati%n %+ tun(sten
ele'tr%*e CEN ISO >F;F4- H%t %r '%l* ,ire-
Spe'i+i' +%r t/e PA@
,el*in( pr%'ess
S/iel*in(. ba'&in( an* plasma (as +l%, rate- N%JJle *iameter- Type %+ t%r'/- %nta't tip -
,%r& pie'e *istan'e- H%t %r '%l* ,ire
Spe'i+i' +%r me'/aniJe*
,el*in( pr%'esses
C(eneral4
%ntr%l s%+t,are Cpr%(ramme an*I%r s%+t,are )ersi%n- Bist %+ ,el*in( parameters t/at 'an
be a*Guste* by t/e ,el*ers- 6inimum number %+ ,el*ers +%r ea'/ pass-
Spe'i+i' +%r me'/aniJe*
36A@ ,el*in( pr%'ess
@ire +ee*- Os'illati%n ,i*t/ an* +re2uen'y- Si*e ,all *,ell time-
Spe'i+i' +%r me'/aniJe*
3TA@IPA@ ,el*in(
pr%'esses
Pr%(ramme* ar' )%lta(e- @ire +ee* in'lu*in( pulsin( pattern an* timin( *ia(ram-
Os'illati%n ,i*t/ an* +re2uen'y- Si*e ,all *,ell time- S/iel*in( (as timin( *ia(rams an*
pulse pattern-
Ta6le C-) C!n%en%s !+ (W9S .C!n%in'e"/
$anufacturer 'dentification of manufacturer
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &3&
issimilar material Toint
2*# I+ t,% *i++erent materials are use* in %ne test pie'e. t/e essential )ariables s/all apply t% ea'/ %+ t/e
materials G%ine*- A @P5R 2uali+ie* +%r a *issimilar material G%int ,ill als% 2uali+y ea'/ material ,el*e* t%
itsel+. pr%)i*e* t/e appli'able essential )ariables are '%mplie* ,it/-
$ultiple test pieces
2*5 A number %+ test pie'es may be re2uire* +%r 2uali+yin( a p@PS ,/ere t/e siJe %+ t/e test pie'e ,ill n%t
all%, e:tra'ti%n %+ test spe'imens in t/e '%rre't l%'ati%ns a''%r*in( t% Fi(ure "- In su'/ 'ases t/e ma:imum
/eat input )ariati%n bet,een t/e *i++erent test pie'es s/all n%t e:'ee* "=L an* ,el*in( ,it/ a /eat input ran(e
bet,een t/e l%, an* /i(/ /eat input )alues is all%,e* pr%)i*e*0
1 /ar*ness test spe'imens are ta&en +r%m t/e test pie'e ,el*e* ,it/ t/e l%,est /eat input
1 impa't test spe'imens are ta&en +r%m t/e test pie'e ,el*e* ,it/ t/e /i(/est /eat input-
2*& @/en it is inten*e* t% 2uali+y a p@PS ,it/ a /i(/ an* l%, /eat input in %r*er t% all%, ,el*in( ,it/in
t/is /eat input ran(e. t/e ma:imum *i++eren'e bet,een l%,est an* /i(/est /eat input s/all n%t e:'ee* ;0L- In
t/is 'ase t/e intenti%n is t% 2uali+y t,% pr%'e*ures ,it/ a "0L *i++eren'e in /eat input all%,in( a WI-10L
t%leran'e +%r ea'/ pr%'e*ure- All re2uire* me'/ani'al testin( s/all be per+%rme* %n test pie'es ,el*e* ,it/
b%t/ /i(/ an* l%, /eat input-
2*2 T/e minimum pre/eat %r ,%r& pie'e temperature t% be state* in t/e @PS s/all n%t be bel%, t/at %+ t/e
test pie'e ,it/ t/e re'%r*e* /i(/est pre/eat-
2*: T/e ma:imum interpass temperature %+ any pass t% be state* in t/e @PS s/all n%t be /i(/er t/an t/e
re'%r*e* /i(/est interpass temperature *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e pr%'e*ure- It is n%t all%,e* t% b%%st t/e
interpass temperature +%r %ne pass %nly- T/e ma:imum interpass temperature s/all re+le't t/e ma:imum
interpass temperature t/at is e:pe'te* *urin( pr%*u'ti%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e all ,el* tensile test sample s/%ul* be ta&en +r%m t/e *ept/ ,ere t/e interpass temperature t% be state* in t/e @PS
is measure*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
$ultiple filler metals
2)* @/en multiple +iller metals are use* in a test G%int. t/e 2uali+ie* t/i'&ness +%r ea'/ *ep%site* +iller metal
s/all be bet,een 0-<= t% 1-= times t/e *ep%site* t/i'&ness %+ t/at +iller material *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n- I+ t/e
me'/ani'al pr%perties %+ ea'/ +iller material ,ill n%t be *%'umente* by t/e %ri(inal ,el*in( pr%'e*ure
2uali+i'ati%n. separate ,el*s ,it/ ea'/ '%nsumable s/%ul* be ma*e t% all%, testin( %+ A@T an* @6IFB
/arpy V-n%t'/ spe'imens-
4umber of welders
2)) I+ ,el*ers /a)e been ,%r&in( %n %pp%site si*es %+ a test pie'e. t/e ma:imum *i++eren'e in /eat input
bet,een t/e ,el*ers s/all n%t e:'ee* 1=L- T/e all%,able )ariati%n in /eat input s/all be base* %n t/e a)era(e
%+ t/e /eat inputs use* by t/e ,el*ers-
Ta6le C-4 Essen%ial -aria6les +!r 1el"ing !+ (i(eline gir%h 1el"s an" c!$(!nen% l!ngi%'"inal 1el"s
;ariable %hanges re*uiring re(*ualification
< $anufacturer
6anu+a'turer a Any '/an(e in resp%nsibility +%r %perati%nal. te'/ni'al an* 2uality '%ntr%l
J 6elding process
T/e pr%'essCes4 use* a Any '/an(e
T/e %r*er %+ pr%'esses use* b Any '/an(e ,/en multiple pr%'esses are use*
6anual. partly-me'/anise*.
me'/anise* %r aut%mati'
,el*in(
' Any '/an(e bet,een manual. partly-me'/anise*. me'/anise* an* aut%mati'
,el*in(
K 6elding e*uipment
@el*in( a Any '/an(e in ma&e. type an* m%*el +%r partly-me'/anise*. me'/anise* an*
aut%mati' ,el*in(
@el*in( e2uipment b Any '/an(e in type +%r manual ,el*in(
Number %+ ,ires ' /an(e +r%m sin(le ,ire t% multiple ,ire system an* )i'e )ersa Ce-(- (%in( +r%m
tan*emIt,in t% sin(le ,ire4- T/is *%es n%t apply t% multiple t%r'/ systems ,/ere
t/e ,ires +ee* int% separate ,el* p%%ls-
> -ase materials
6aterial (ra*e a A '/an(e +r%m a l%,er t% a /i(/er stren(t/ (ra*e but n%t )i'e )ersa
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &3'
Supply '%n*iti%n b A '/an(e in t/e supply '%n*iti%n CT6P. 5IT %r n%rmalise*4
Steel supplier ' F%r S6RS ;=0 6PaO a '/an(e in base material %ri(in CsteelIplateIpipe mills4
Clinepipe t% linepipe (irt/ ,el*s %nly E e-(- n%t +%r '%mp%nents4
/emi'al '%mp%siti%n * An in'rease in P'm %+ m%re t/an 0-0"0. E %+ m%re t/an 0-0#0 an* '%ntent %+
m%re t/an 0-0"L +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steel
6anu+a'turin( pr%'ess e A '/an(e in manu+a'turin( pr%'ess Cr%lle*. seamless. +%r(e*. 'ast4
8NS numbers- + A '/an(e in t/e 8NS number +%r RAs
H $aterial thic.ness and diameter
6aterial t/i'&ness Ct ? n%minal
t/i'&ness %+ test G%int-4
a F%r n%n-H
"
S ser)i'e0
1 t d "= mm0 A '/an(e %utsi*e 0-<= t t% 1-= t
1 t _ "= mm0 A '/an(e %utsi*e 0-<= t t% 1-"= t
F%r H
"
S ser)i'e0
1 A '/an(e %utsi*e t/e t/i'&ness inter)al 0-<= t t% 1-"= t
N%minal ID %+ pipe b 1 t d "= mm0 A '/an(e %+ pipe ID %utsi*e t/e ran(e 0-= ID t%
1 t _ "= mm0 A '/an(e %+ pipe ID %utsi*e t/e ran(e 0-= ID t%
I Groove configuration
3r%%)e *esi(nI'%n+i(urati%n- a Any '/an(e in (r%%)e *imensi%ns %utsi*e t/e t%leran'es spe'i+ie* in t/e a(ree*
@PS Call *imensi%ns s/all /a)e t%leran'es4-
!a'&in( an* ba'&in( material- b A**iti%n %r *eleti%n %+ ba'&in( %r '/an(e %+ ba'&in( material Ce-(- +r%m '%pper t%
'erami'4
S )lignment and tac. welding
Ta'& ,el*in( a Any '/an(e in rem%)al %+ ta'& ,el*s %r inte(rati%n %+ ta'& ,el*s in t/e ,el*-
Bine-up 'lamp b Omissi%n %+ a line-up 'lamp an* a '/an(e bet,een e:ternal an* internal line-up
'lamp-
Rem%)al %+ line-up 'lamp ' Any re*u'ti%n in len(t/ %+ ea'/ se'ti%n %+ r%%t pass ,el*e*O t/e spa'in( %+
se'ti%ns. number %+ se'ti%ns an* per'enta(e %+ 'ir'um+eren'e ,el*e* +%r e:ternal
line-up 'lamp
* Any '/an(e in number %+ '%mplete* passes an* len(t/ %+ passes +%r internal line-
up 'lamp
Internal misali(nment e Any in'rease +%r 'la* an* line* pipe
L 6elding consumables
Ele'tr%*e %r +iller metal a Any '/an(e %+ *iameter %r 'r%ss se'ti%n area
b Any '/an(e %+ type 'lassi+i'ati%n an* bran* Cbran* n%t appli'able +%r bare ,ire4
' Any use %+ a n%n teste* ,el*in( '%nsumables bat'/ ,/en bat'/ testin( is re2uire*
* Any use %+ a ,el*in( '%nsumables bat'/ ,it/ a re*u'ti%n in tensile %r impa't
pr%perties %+ m%re t/an E10L +r%m t/e bat'/ use* +%r @P5R ,/en bat'/ testin(
is n%t re2uire*
Flu: e Any '/an(e %+ type. 'lassi+i'ati%n an* bran*
+ Any in'rease in t/e rati% %+ re'y'le* t% ne, +lu:
M Shielding+ bac.ing and plasma gases
3ases a''%r*in( t% EN ;#H a Any '/an(e in *esi(nati%n. 'lassi+i'ati%n an* purity a''%r*in( t% EN ;#H
Ot/er (ases an* (as mi:tures b Any '/an(e in n%minal '%mp%siti%n. purity an* *e, p%int-
O:y(en '%ntent %+ ba'&in( (as ' Any in'rease
S/iel*in( (as +l%, rate * F%r pr%'esses 1#1. 1#= 1#>. 1#< an* 1;10 Any '/an(e in +l%, rate bey%n* [ 10L
<= !lectrical characteristics and pulsing data
P%larity a Any '/an(e in p%larity
A. D %r pulse* 'urrent b Any '/an(e in type %+ 'urrent an* a '/an(e +r%m n%rmal t% pulse* 'urrent an* )i'e
)ersa-
Pulse +re2uen'y ran(e in pulse*
manual ,el*in(
' Any '/an(e in0 Pulse +re2uen'y +%r ba'&(r%un* an* pea& 'urrent e:'ee*in( [ 10L
an* pulse *urati%n ran(e e:'ee*in( [ 10L-
<< )rc %haracteristics
6%*e %+ metal trans+er a A '/an(e +r%m spray ar'. (l%bular ar' %r pulsatin( ar' t% s/%rt 'ir'uitin( ar' an*
)i'e )ersa
<J 6elding techni*ues
Ta6le C-4 Essen%ial -aria6les +!r 1el"ing !+ (i(eline gir%h 1el"s an" c!$(!nen% l!ngi%'"inal 1el"s
.C!n%in'e"/
;ariable %hanges re*uiring re(*ualification
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &31
An(le %+ pipe a:is t% t/e
/%riJ%ntal
a A '/an(e %+ m%re t/an [ 1=]+r%m t/e p%siti%n ,el*e*- T/e B0;= p%siti%n 2uali+ies
+%r all p%siti%ns pr%)i*e* all %t/er essential )ariables are +ul+ille*
@el*in( *ire'ti%n b A '/an(e +r%m up,ar*s t% *%,n,ar*s ,el*in( an* )i'e )ersa
Strin(erI,ea)e ' A '/an(e +r%m strin(er t% ,ea)e %+ m%re t/an #P ele'tr%*eI,ire *iameter %r )i'e
)ersa
Se2uen'e %+ *ep%siti%n %+
*i++erent '%nsumables
* Any '/an(e in t/e se2uen'e
Se2uen'e %+ si*es ,el*e* +irst
an* last C*%uble si*e* ,el*s4
e Any '/an(e in t/e se2uen'e
Passes ,el*e* +r%m ea'/ si*e + /an(e +r%m sin(le t% multi pass ,el*in( an* )i'e )ersa-
Number %+ ,el*ers ( Any *e'rease in number %+ ,el*ers +%r ,el*in( %+ r%%t an* /%t pass +%r 'ellul%se
'%ate* ele'tr%*es-
Time lapse bet,een '%mpleti%n
%+ r%%t pass an* start %+ /%t pass
/ Any in'rease ab%)e ma:imum time 2uali+ie*
@el* '%mpleti%n i Any re*u'ti%n in t/e number %+ passes '%mplete* be+%re '%%lin( t% bel%, pre/eat
temperature-
A''elerate* ,el* '%%lin( G Any '/an(e in met/%* an* me*ium an* any in'rease in ma:imum temperature %+
t/e ,el* at start %+ '%%lin(-
<K Preheating
Pre/eat temperature a Any re*u'ti%n-
Initial temperature ,/en pre/eat
is n%t use*
b Any re*u'ti%n-
<> 'nterpass temperature
6a:imum an* minimum
interpass temperature
a Any in'rease ab%)e "=] +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steel- Any in'rease +%r RAs-
Any re*u'ti%n bel%, t/e pre/eat temperature-
<H 1eat input
Heat input ran(e +%r ea'/ pass a F%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels ,it/ S6RS ;=0 6Pa in n%n-H
"
S ser)i'e0
Any '/an(e e:'ee*in( [ 1=L
b F%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels ,it/ S6RS _ ;=0 6Pa an* -6n an* l%, all%y
steels in H
"
S ser)i'e0 Any '/an(e e:'ee*in( [ 10L
' F%r RAs0 Any '/an(e e:'ee*in( [ 10L
<I Post weld heat treatment
P%st /eatin(O /y*r%(en release a Any re*u'ti%n in t/e time an* temperature an* *eleti%n but n%t a**iti%n %+ p%st
/eatin(-
P%st ,el* /eat treatment b A**iti%n %r *eleti%n %+ p%st ,el* /eat treatment-
Any '/an(e in /%l*in( temperature e:'ee*in( [ "0]-
Any '/an(e in /eatin( an* '%%lin( rates %utsi*e [ =L
H%l*in( time ' Any '/an(e in /%l*in( time %utsi*e bel%, +%rmula C[ =L40
holding time N /actual thic.ness/*ualified thic.ness0 *ualified holding time
<S Specific for the S)6 welding process
@ire ele'tr%*e '%n+i(urati%n- a Ea'/ )ariant %+ pr%'ess 1" C1"1 t%1"=4 s/all be 2uali+ie* separately
Flu: b Any '/an(e %+ type. 'lassi+i'ati%n an* bran*-
Ar' )%lta(e ran(e- ' Any '/an(e bey%n* [ 10L
<L Specific for the &%)6 welding process
6%*e %+ metal trans+er a A '/an(e +r%m s/%rt 'ir'uitin( trans+er t% spray %r (l%bular trans+er-
5uali+i'ati%n ,it/ spray %r (l%bular trans+er 2uali+ies b%t/ spray %r (l%bular
trans+er
<M Specific for the G$)6 welding process
Ar' )%lta(e ran(e a Any '/an(e bey%n* [ 10L
J= Specific for the GT)6 welding process
Diameter an* '%*i+i'ati%n %+
tun(sten ele'tr%*e CISO >F;F4
a Any '/an(e
H%t %r '%l* ,ire- b A '/an(e +r%m /%t t% '%l* ,ire an* )i'e )ersa
J< Specific for the P)6 welding process
H%t %r '%l* ,ire a A '/an(e +r%m /%t t% '%l* ,ire an* )i'e )ersa
Ta6le C-4 Essen%ial -aria6les +!r 1el"ing !+ (i(eline gir%h 1el"s an" c!$(!nen% l!ngi%'"inal 1el"s
.C!n%in'e"/
;ariable %hanges re*uiring re(*ualification
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &32
)dditional essential variables for mechanised and automatic welding of pipeline girth welds
2)4 F%r me'/anise* an* aut%mati' ,el*in( %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal essential
)ariables apply0
1 any '/an(e %+ '%ntr%l s%+t,are
1 any '/an(e %+ pre-set parameters Cparameters t/at 'an n%t be a*Guste* by t/e ,el*er4 +%r aut%mati' ,el*in(
1 any '/an(e in pr%(ramme* parameters an* t/eir )ariati%n. e:'ept t/at ne'essary )ariati%n in %s'illati%n
,i*t/ +%r ,el*in( %+ t/innerI /ea)ier ,all t/an use* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n s/all be all%,e* +%r me'/anise*
36A@. 3TA@ an* PA@-
1 any '/an(e in limits +%r parameters t/at 'an be a*Guste* by t/e ,el*er- CS/%t-&ey limitsT4-
!ssential variables for repair welding
2)8 F%r repair ,el*in( t/e +%ll%,in( essential )ariables apply0
1 t/e essential )ariables (i)en in Table -"
1 a '/an(e +r%m internal t% e:ternal repairs an* )i'e )ersa +%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s
1 a '/an(e +r%m multi pass t% sin(le pass repairs an* )i'e )ersa
1 a '/an(e +r%m '%l* t% t/ermal met/%* +%r rem%)al %+ t/e *e+e't but n%t )i'e )ersa
1 any in'rease ab%)e "0L in t/e *ept/ %+ e:'a)ati%n +%r partial t/i'&ness repairs-
Post weld heat treatment
2)4 I+ RA %r 'la* ,el*s are subGe't t% s%luti%n annealin( /eat treatment a+ter ,el*in( a sli(/t )ariati%n in
,el*in( parameters %utsi*e t/%se in Table -". Items 10 t/r%u(/ 1= may be a(ree*-
E. E'ali+ica%i!n !+ Wel"ing 9r!ce"'res
E )** General
)*) 5uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* base* up%n t/e a''epte* p@PS. usin( t/e type %+ ,el*in(
e2uipment t% be use* *urin( pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(. an* un*er '%n*iti%ns t/at are representati)e %+ t/e a'tual
,%r&in( en)ir%nment +%r t/e ,%r& s/%p. site. %r )essel ,/ere t/e pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( ,ill be per+%rme*-
Test Toints
)*4 T/e number %+ test G%ints s/all be su++i'ient t% %btain t/e re2uire* number %+ spe'imens +r%m t/e re2uire*
l%'ati%ns (i)en in Fi(ure 1 an* Fi(ure "- All%,an'e +%r re-testin( s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere* ,/en *e'i*in( t/e
number %+ test G%ints t% be ,el*e*-
)*8 T/e test G%ints +%r 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all be %+ su++i'ient siJe t% (i)e realisti' restraint *urin(
,el*in(-
)*4 T/e base material sele'te* +%r t/e 2uali+i'ati%n testin( s/%ul* be representati)e %+ t/e upper ran(e %+ t/e
spe'i+ie* '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels. an* %+ t/e n%minal ran(e %+ t/e spe'i+ie*
'/emi'al '%mp%siti%n +%r '%rr%si%n resistant all%ys-
)*# T/e material t/i'&ness s/all be t/e same +%r b%t/ pipesI'%mp%nentsIplates t% be ,el*e*. e:'ept t% 2uali+y
G%inin( %+ t,% base materials ,it/ une2ual t/i'&ness an* +%r +illet en* T-G%int test pie'es-
8ualification welding
)*5 erti+i'ates +%r materials an* '%nsumables. in'lu*in( s/iel*in(. ba'&in( an* plasma (ases. s/all be
)eri+ie*. an* )ali*ity an* tra'eability t% t/e a'tual materials s/all be establis/e* pri%r t% start %+ 2uali+i'ati%n
,el*in(- T/e re'%r*s +r%m 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all in'lu*e all in+%rmati%n nee*e* t% establis/ a @PS +%r
t/e inten*e* appli'ati%n ,it/in t/e essential )ariables an* t/eir all%,able ran(es-
)*& T/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements apply0
1 t/e ,el*in( 2uali+i'ati%n test s/all be representati)e +%r t/e pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( ,it/ respe't t% ,el*in(
p%siti%ns. interpass temperature. appli'ati%n %+ pre/eat Cpr%pane ,ill als% 2uali+y +%r in*u'ti%n '%il
pre/eatin(4. /eat '%n*u'ti%n. et'-
1 i+ multiple ,el*in( ar's are '%mbine* in a sin(le ,el*in( /ea* t/e parameters +%r ea'/ ,el*in( ar' s/all
be re'%r*e*-
1 t/e *ire'ti%n %+ plate r%llin( C,/en rele)ant4 an* t/e 1" %N'l%'& p%siti%n C+%r +i:e* pipe p%siti%ns4 s/all be
mar&e* %n t/e test pie'e-
1 ,/en m%re t/an %ne ,el*in( pr%'ess %r +iller metal is use* t% ,el* a test pie'e. t/e parameters use* an* t/e
appr%:imate t/i'&ness %+ t/e ,el* metal *ep%site* s/all be re'%r*e* +%r ea'/ ,el*in( pr%'ess an* +iller metal-
1 i+ ta'& ,el*s are t% be +use* int% t/e +inal G%int *urin( pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(. t/ey s/all be in'lu*e* ,/en
,el*in( t/e test pie'e-
1 ba'&in( (as %:y(en '%ntent an* t/e *urati%n %+ ba'&in( (as appli'ati%n be+%re. *urin( an* a+ter ,el*in(
s/all be re'%r*e*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &33
1 ea'/ test pie'e s/all be uni2uely i*enti+ie* by /ar* stampin( %r in*elible mar&in( a*Ga'ent t% t/e ,el* an*
t/e re'%r*s ma*e *urin( test ,el*in(. n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( an* me'/ani'al testin( s/all be tra'eable t%
ea'/ test pie'e-
Pipeline girth welds
1 t/e ,el*in( 2uali+i'ati%n test s/all be representati)e +%r t/e pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( ,it/ respe't t% an(le %+
pipe a:is-. interpass temperature. appli'ati%n %+ pre/eat. /eat '%n*u'ti%n. et'-
1 +%r (irt/ ,el*s in ,el*e* pipe in all p%siti%ns. e:'ept 13 CPA4 an* "3 CP4. it is re'%mmen*e* t/at %ne %+
t/e pipes use* +%r t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n test be +i:e* ,it/ t/e l%n(itu*inal ,el* in t/e > %r
1" %A'l%'& p%siti%n-
1 +%r ,el*in( %+ pipe ,it/ *iameter "0T in +i:e* p%siti%ns. t/e ,el* 'ir'um+eren'e s/all be *i)i*e* in
appr%priate se't%rs ar%un* t/e 'ir'um+eren'e- T/e ,el*in( parameters s/all be re'%r*e* +%r ea'/ pass in
ea'/ se't%r an* +%r ea'/ ,el*in( ar'- F%r manual ,el*in(. t/e /eat input +%r a se't%r s/all be re'%r*e* as
a)era(e %+ all t/e a)era(e /eat inputs +%r t/e run-%ut len(t/s in ea'/ pass in t/at se't%r-
1 +%r ,el*in( %+ pipe ,it/ *iameter M "0T t/e /eat input s/all be re'%r*e* +%r ea'/ pass- F%r manual ,el*in(.
t/e /eat input +%r ea'/ pass s/all be re'%r*e* as a)era(e %+ all t/e a)era(e /eat inputs +%r t/e run-%ut len(t/s
in ea'/ pass in t/e pipe 'ir'um+eren'e-
1 t/e release %+ e:ternal line-up 'lamps s/all be simulate* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in(- lamps s/%ul* n%t
be release* until t/e '%mplete* se'ti%ns %+ t/e r%%t pass '%)ers a minimum %+ =0L %+ t/e 'ir'um+eren'e
,it/ e)en spa'in(- T/e len(t/ %+ ea'/ se'ti%n. t/e spa'in( %+ t/e se'ti%ns. t/e number %+ se'ti%ns ,el*e*
an* t/e per'enta(e %+ ,el*e* se'ti%ns %+ t/e 'ir'um+eren'e s/all be re'%r*e*-
1 i+ it is e:pe'te* t/at t/e interpass temperature ,ill *r%p bel%, pre/eat temperature *urin( installati%n
,el*in(. t/is s'enari% s/all be simulate* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in(- T/e number %+ passes '%mplete*
be+%re '%%lin( t% bel%, pre/eat temperature s/all be re'%r*e*-
1 a''elerate* '%%lin( %+ t/e ,el* s/all be per+%rme* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( i+ a''elerate* ,el* '%%lin(.
e-(- +%r A8T ,ill be per+%rme* in pr%*u'ti%n- T/e '%%lin( met/%* an* t/e ,el* temperature at t/e start %+
t/e '%%lin( s/all be re'%r*e*- A ma'r% an* /ar*ness s/all be ta&en at '%%lin( start p%int-
%ellulose covered electrodes
)*2 I+ t/e use %+ 'ellul%se '%)ere* ele'tr%*es /as been a(ree*. t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal re2uirements s/all
apply0
1 pre/eat s/all be minimum 100]
1 *elay bet,een '%mpleti%n %+ t/e r%%t pass an* t/e start %+ *ep%sitin( t/e /%t pass s/all be minimum >
minutes
1 imme*iately up%n '%mpleti%n %+ ,el*in( *urin( ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n t/e test pie'es s/all be
,ater 2uen'/e* as s%%n as t/e temperature %+ t/e test pie'e is bel%, #00]
1 n%n *estru'ti)e testin( %+ t/e test pie'e s/all be by Aut%mate* 8ltras%ni' Testin( CA8T4 %r Ra*i%(rap/i'
testin( an* 6anual 8ltras%ni' Testin(-
E 4** Re(air 1el"ing (r!ce"'res
4*) Repair ,el*in( s/all be 2uali+ie* by a separate ,el* repair 2uali+i'ati%n test-
4*4 Pre/eat +%r repair ,el*in( s/%ul* be minimum =0] ab%)e minimum spe'i+ie* pre/eat +%r pr%*u'ti%n
,el*in(-
4*8 @/en a /eat treate* pipe %r '%mp%nent is repaire* by ,el*in(. a ne, /eat treatment may /a)e t% be
in'lu*e* in t/e 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e ,el* repair pr%'e*ure. *epen*in( %n t/e e++e't %+ t/e ,el* repair %n t/e
pr%perties an* mi'r%stru'ture %+ t/e e:istin( ,el* an* base material-
4*4 5uali+i'ati%n %+ repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures s/all be ma*e by e:'a)atin( a (r%%)e in an %ri(inal ,el*
,el*e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a 2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ure-
4*# T/e e:'a)ate* (r%%)e s/all be %+ su++i'ient len(t/ t% %btain t/e re2uire* number %+ test spe'imens W =0
mm at ea'/ en*-
Repeated repairs
4*5 I+ repeate* ,el* repairs are permitte* %r a(ree*. t/ese s/all be 2uali+ie* separately-
4*& In 'ase %+ repeate* repairs. t/e test pie'e s/all '%ntain a repair ,el* %+ a 2uali+ie* repaire* %ri(inal ,el*-
F%r repeate* in-pr%'ess r%%t repair. sin(le pass 'ap repair an*I%r sin(le pass r%%t sealin( repairs t/e repair ,el*
s/all be rem%)e* pri%r t% re-repair-
8ualification welding
4*2 T/e 2uali+i'ati%n test s/all be ma*e in a manner realisti'ally simulatin( t/e repair situati%n t% be 2uali+ie*-
4*: 5uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ E101 t/r%u(/ E10F-
4)* F%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s t/e repair 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in t/e %)er/ea* t/r%u(/
)erti'al p%siti%ns-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &34
4)) F%r r%ll ,el*in( t/e len(t/ %+ t/e repair ,el* may be 'entre* at t/e 1" %N'l%'& l%'ati%n +%r e:ternal
repairs an* at t/e > %N'l%'& l%'ati%n +%r internal repairs. in ,/i'/ 'ase repair ,el*in( is 2uali+ie* +%r repair
,el*in( in t/ese l%'ati%ns %nly-
E 8** E'ali+ica%i!n !+ gir%h 6'%% 1el"s an" c!$(!nen% l!ngi%'"inal 1el"s 1el"ing (r!ce"'res
8*) 5uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r pipeline system (irt/ ,el*s an* ,el*s in pipeline '%mp%nents
may be per+%rme* by any %+ t/e ar' ,el*in( pr%'esses spe'i+ie* in A"00-
8*4 T/e @PS s/all be 2uali+ie* an* appr%)e* by all parties pri%r t% start %+ any pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(-
8*8 T/e type an* number %+ *estru'ti)e tests +%r ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n are (i)en in Table -#. ,it/
met/%*s an* a''eptan'e 'riteria as spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n F bel%,-
8*4 F%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% strain 0-;L. it s/%ul* be re2uire* t% per+%rm testin( t% *etermine
t/e pr%perties %+ ,el* metal in t/e straine* an* a(e* '%n*iti%n a+ter *e+%rmati%n 'y'les an* als% at ele)ate*
temperature- See Appen*i: A. Subse'ti%n 3-
8ualification of repair welding procedures
8*# 5uali+i'ati%n %+ repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r pipeline system (irt/ ,el*s an* ,el*s in pipeline
'%mp%nents may be per+%rme* by any %+ t/e ar' ,el*in( pr%'esses spe'i+ie* in A"00-
8*5 T/e @PS +%r repair ,el*in( s/all be 2uali+ie* pri%r t% start %+ any pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(-
8*& T/e +%ll%,in( types %+ repairs s/all be 2uali+ie* t% t/e e:tent t/at su'/ repairs are appli'able an* +%r pipe.
als% i+ t/e type %+ repair is +easible +%r t/e siJe %+ pipe in 2uesti%n0
1 t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repair
1 partial t/i'&ness repair
1 in-pr%'ess r%%t repair
1 sin(le pass 'ap repair
1 sin(le pass r%%t sealin( repair-
8*2 T/e type an* number %+ *estru'ti)e tests +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %r repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ure are (i)en in Table
-;. ,it/ met/%*s an* a''eptan'e 'riteria as spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n F bel%,-
Ta6le C-8 E'ali+ica%i!n !+ 1el"ing (r!ce"'res +!r gir%h 6'%% 1el"s incl'"ing c!$(!nen% l!ngi%'"inal
1el"s
T!ST 25'4T $'4'$3$ 43$-!R 5& !)%1 SP!%'&'! T!ST
6all
thic.ness
/mm0
D
/mm0
Transverse
weld
Tensile
Transverse
all(weld
Tensile
14
)ll(weld
tensile
14.
"4
Root
bend
104
&ace
bend
104
Side
bend
104
%harpy
;(notch
sets
;.=.>.<4
$acro and
hardness
114
5ther
tests
1"4
&racture
toughness
"= #00
_ #00
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
#4
;
#4
"
#4
;
#4
0
0
;
F4
;
F4
"
"
1#4
1#4
1#4
1#4
_ "= #00
_ #00
"
"
"
"
"
"
0
0
0
0
;
;
>
F.H4
>
F.H4
"
"
1#4
1#4
1#.1;4
1#.1;4
N%tes0
14 T/e stren(t/ mismat'/ bet,een t/e (irt/ ,el* an* t/e parent material s/all be e)aluate* ,/en EA is re2uire*- All-,el* tensile
tests are re'%mmen*e* i+ an EA is per+%rme*- H%,e)er. trans)erse all-,el* spe'imens are als% a''eptable- In 'ase %+ EA +ull
stress-strain 'ur)es s/all be establis/e* as +ar as p%ssible. see als% Appen*i: A-
"4 All ,el* tensile tests are n%t re2uire* +%r D "00 mm an* n%t i+ trans)erse all-,el* tests are per+%rme*-
#4 F%r ,el*in( pr%'esses 36A@ an* FA@. si*e ben* tests s/all be per+%rme* instea* %+ r%%t an* +a'e ben* tests-
;4 Impa't testin( is n%t re2uire* +%r t M > mm-
=4 Ea'/ /arpy V-n%t'/ set '%nsists %+ # spe'imens-
>4 T/e n%t'/ s/all be l%'ate* in t/e ,el* metal. t/e +usi%n line CFB4 samplin( =0L %+ HAU. FBW" mm an* FBW= mm. see Appen*i:
!. Fi(ure # t/r%u(/ Fi(ure =-
<4 F%r *%uble si*e* ,el*s %n -6n an* l%, all%y steels. +%ur a**iti%nal sets %+ /arpy V-n%t'/ test spe'imens s/all be sample*
+r%m t/e ,el* metal. FB Csamplin( =0L %+ HAU4. FBW" mm an* FBW= mm in t/e r%%t area. see Appen*i: ! Fi(ure =-
F4 I+ se)eral ,el*in( pr%'esses %r ,el*in( '%nsumables are use*. impa't testin( s/all be 'arrie* %ut in t/e '%rresp%n*in( ,el*
re(i%ns. e)en i+ t/e re(i%n teste* 'ann%t be '%nsi*ere* representati)e +%r t/e '%mplete ,el*-
H4 @/en t/e ,all t/i'&ness e:'ee*s "= mm +%r sin(le si*e* ,el*s. t,% a**iti%nal sets %+ /arpy V-n%t'/ test spe'imens s/all be
sample* +r%m t/e ,el* metal r%%t an* FB in t/e r%%t area-
104 !en* tests %n 'la*Iline* pipes s/all be per+%rme* as si*e ben* tests- ; si*e ben* tests s/all be per+%rme* C+%r all ,all t/i'&nesses4-
114 F%r (irt/ ,el*s in ,el*e* pipe. %ne ma'r% an* /ar*ness s/all in'lu*e an interse'ti%n bet,een a l%n(itu*inalI(irt/ ,el*-
1"4 Re2uirements +%r '%rr%si%n tests. '/emi'al analysis an* mi'r%stru'ture e:aminati%n are spe'i+ie* in F-
1#4 Fra'ture t%u(/ness testin( is %nly re2uire* ,/en a (eneri' %r +ull EA is per+%rme* +%r pipeline (irt/ butt ,el*s- E:tent %+ testin(
s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: A-
1;4 F%r n%minal ,all t/i'&ness ab%)e =0 mm in -6n an* l%, all%y steels +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( is re2uire* unless P@HT is per+%rme*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &35
Repeated repairs
8*: I+ it /as been a(ree* t% permit t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness %r partial t/i'&ness repeate* repairs Csee Table -<4.
an* a HAU is intr%*u'e* in t/e ,el* metal +r%m t/e +irst repair. t/en a**iti%nal /arpy V-n%t'/ sets Cin a**iti%n
t% t/e tests re2uire* by Table -;4 s/all be l%'ate* in t/e re-repair ,el* metal an* in FB. FBW" mm an* FBW=
mm %+ t/e ,el* metal +r%m t/e +irst repair an*I%r t/e base material as appli'able an* as s/%,n in t/e a''epte*
p@PS. see D<0"-
8)* I+ it /as been a(ree* t% permit repeate* in-pr%'ess r%%t repair. sin(le pass 'ap repair an*I%r sin(le pass
r%%t sealin( repair. see Table -<. t/e e:tent %+ testin( s/all be as tests re2uire* by Table -;-
E 4** E'ali+ica%i!n !+ 1el"ing (r!ce"'res +!r c!rr!si!n resis%an% !-erla7 1el"ing
8ualification of welding procedures
4*) 5uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r '%rr%si%n resistant %)erlay ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* ,it/
36A@ %r pulse* 3TA@- Ot/er met/%*s may be use* subGe't t% a(reement-
4*4 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ test pie'es s/all be representati)e +%r t/e pr%*u'ti%n '%n*iti%ns-
4*8 5uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el* %)erlay s/all be per+%rme* %n a test sample ,/i'/ is representati)e +%r t/e siJe an*
t/i'&ness %+ t/e pr%*u'ti%n base material- T/e minimum ,el* %)erlay t/i'&ness use* +%r t/e pr%*u'ti%n
,el*in( s/all be use* +%r t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n test-
4*4 T/e *imensi%ns %+. %r t/e number %+ test pie'es s/all be su++i'ient t% %btain all re2uire* tests-
4*# T/e test pie'es use* s/all be rele)ant +%r t/e inten*e* appli'ati%n %+ t/e ,el* %)erlay0
1 +%r(in( %r 'astin( +%r %)erlay ,el*in( %+ rin( (r%%)es
1 pipe ,it/ t/e %)erlay ,el*in( per+%rme* e:ternally %r internally. %r
1 plate %r pipe ,it/ a prepare* ,el*in( (r%%)e +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ butterin( an* ,/en t/e ,el* %)erlay
stren(t/ is utilise* in t/e *esi(n-
4*5 I+ a bu++er layer ,ill be use* in pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(. it s/all als% be use* in ,el*in( t/e test pie'e-
4*& T/e @PS s/all be 2uali+ie* pri%r t% start %+ any pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(-
Ta6le C-4 E'ali+ica%i!n !+ re(air 1el"ing (r!ce"'res +!r gir%h 6'%% 1el"s incl'"ing c!$(!nen%s
l!ngi%'"inal 1el"s
T!ST 25'4T $'4'$3$ 43$-!R 5& !)%1 SP!%'&'! T!ST
Type of repair0
Transverse
weld
Tensile
Transverse
all(weld
Tensile
14
)ll(weld
Tensile<0+
"4
Root
-end
&ace
-end
Side
bend
%harpy
;(notch
sets
$acro and
hardness
5ther
tests
&racture
toughness
T/r%u(/
t/i'&ness repair
1 1 1 1
#4
1
#4
"
;4 =. >. <4
1
F4 H.104
Partial t/i'&ness
repair
1 1 1 1
#4
1
#4
"
;4
=4 1
F4 H. 104
In-pr%'ess r%%t
repair
1 1
F4
Sin(le pass 'ap
repair
1 1
F4
Sin(le pass r%%t
sealin( repair
1 1
F4
N%tes0
14 T/e stren(t/ mismat'/ bet,een t/e (irt/ ,el* an* t/e parent material s/all be e)aluate* ,/en EA is re2uire*- All-,el* tensile
tests are re'%mmen*e* i+ an EA is per+%rme*- H%,e)er. trans)erse all-,el* spe'imens are als% a''eptable- In 'ase %+ EA +ull
stress-strain 'ur)es s/all be establis/e* as +ar as p%ssible. see als% Appen*i: A-
"4 All ,el* tensile tests are n%t re2uire* +%r D "00 mm an* n%t i+ trans)erse all-,el* tests are per+%rme*-
#4 1 r%%t an* 1 +a'e ben* test +%r t d "= mm
;4 F%r ,el*in( pr%'esses 36A@ an* FA@. +%r 'la*Iline* pipes an* +%r all pipes ,/en t _ "= mm. si*e ben* tests s/all be
per+%rme* instea* %+ r%%t an* +a'e ben* tests-
=4 F%r partial penetrati%n an* t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repairs ,/ere a ne, HAU is intr%*u'e* in t/e %ri(inal ,el* metal. /arpy V-n%t'/
sets %+ # spe'imens s/all be l%'ate* a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: !. Fi(ures < an* F-
>4 T/e n%t'/ s/all be l%'ate* in t/e repair ,el* metal. t/e +usi%n line CFB4 samplin( =0L %+ HAU. FBW" mm an* FBW= mm %+ t/e
base material-
<4 I+ se)eral ,el*in( pr%'esses %r ,el*in( '%nsumables are use*. impa't testin( s/all be 'arrie* %ut in t/e '%rresp%n*in( ,el*
re(i%ns. e)en i+ t/e re(i%n teste* 'ann%t be '%nsi*ere* representati)e +%r t/e '%mplete ,el*-
F4 Re2uirements +%r '%rr%si%n tests. '/emi'al analysis an* mi'r%stru'ture e:aminati%n are spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n F-
H4 Fra'ture t%u(/ness testin( %+ repairs is %nly re2uire* ,/en a (eneri' %r +ull EA is per+%rme* +%r t/e %ri(inal pipeline (irt/ butt
,el*s- E:tent %+ testin( s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: A-
104 F%r n%minal ,all t/i'&ness ab%)e =0 mm in -6n an* l%, all%y steels +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( is re2uire* unless P@HT is
per+%rme*
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &36
4*2 T/e type an* number %+ *estru'ti)e tests +%r ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n are (i)en in Table -= ,it/
met/%*s an* a''eptan'e 'riteria spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n F bel%,-
8ualification of repair welding procedures
4*: 8nless t/e pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 'an be applie*. t/e repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ure s/all be 2uali+ie*-
@el* repair per+%rme* %n ,el* %)erlay ma'/ine* t% t/e +inal t/i'&ness s/all be separately 2uali+ie*-
4)* T/e type an* number %+ *estru'ti)e tests +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ure are (i)en in Table
-=- In 'ases ,/en 2uali+i'ati%n is per+%rme* usin( a pipe. '%mp%nent %r plate ,it/ a prepare* ,el*in( (r%%)e.
an* a ne, HAU is intr%*u'e* in t/e %ri(inal ,el* metal. a**iti%nal /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't sets s/all be l%'ate*
a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: !. Fi(ure < an* Fi(ure F-
E #** E'ali+ica%i!n !+ (r!ce"'res +!r 9in 3raCing an" Al'$in!%her$ic 1el"ing !+ an!"e lea"s
8ualification of procedures
#*) Atta'/ment %+ an%*e lea*s s/all be by pin braJin( %r alumin%t/ermi' ,el*in( met/%*s- Ot/er met/%*s
may be use* subGe't t% a(reement- Full *etails %+ t/e te'/ni2ue use* an* ass%'iate* e2uipment s/all be
a)ailable pri%r t% 2uali+i'ati%n %+ pr%'e*ures-
#*4 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ test pie'es s/all be representati)e +%r t/e pr%*u'ti%n '%n*iti%ns an* be
sele'te* in t/e upper ran(e %+ t/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n-
#*8 5uali+i'ati%n +%r braJin(I,el*in( %+ an%*e lea*s s/all be per+%rme* %n test samples ,/i'/ is
representati)e +%r t/e siJe an* t/i'&ness %+ t/e pr%*u'ti%n base material an* t/e number %+ test pie'es s/all be
minimum ; an* su++i'ient t% %btain all re2uire* tests-
#*4 T/e @PS s/all be 2uali+ie* pri%r t% start %+ any pr%*u'ti%n-
#*# T/e type an* number %+ *estru'ti)e tests +%r pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n are (i)en in Table -> ,it/ met/%*s
an* a''eptan'e 'riteria spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n F bel%,-
E 5** E'ali+ica%i!n !+ 1el"ing (r!ce"'res +!r %e$(!rar7 an" (er$anen% a%%ach$en%s an" 6ranch
1el"ing +i%%ings %! line(i(e
8ualification of welding procedures
5*) 5uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r temp%rary an* permanent atta'/ments an* bran'/ ,el*in(
+ittin(s t% linepipe may be per+%rme* by any %+ t/e ar' ,el*in( pr%'esses spe'i+ie* in A"00. but use %+ 'ellul%se
'%ate* ele'tr%*es is n%t permitte*-
5*4 T/e @PS s/all be 2uali+ie* pri%r t% start %+ any pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(-
5*8 T/e type an* number %+ *estru'ti)e tests +%r ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n are (i)en in E>0; t% E>1;
,it/ met/%*s an* a''eptan'e 'riteria as spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n F-
Ta6le C-# E'ali+ica%i!n !+ c!rr!si!n resis%an% !-erla7 1el"ing (r!ce"'res
T!ST 25'4T $'4'$3$ 43$-!R 5& !)%1 SP!%'&'! T!ST
Thic.ness of base
material
Side bend
$acro and hardness
tests
%hemical
)nalysis
)ll(weld
Tensile
%harpy ;(notch
'mpact tests
5ther tests
All ;
14
1 1 "
"4 ".#.;.=4 >4
N%tes0
14 Si*e ben* spe'imens s/all be ta&en trans)erse t% t/e ,el*in( *ire'ti%n-
"4 Only re2uire* ,/en t/e ,el* %)erlay stren(t/ is utilise* in t/e *esi(n %+ t/e ,el*e* G%int Ce-(- l%a* bearin( ,el* %)erlay4-
#4 Only re2uire* ,/en t/e ,el* %)erlay is l%a* bearin( a'r%ss t/e %)erlayIbase material +usi%n line-
;4 Sets s/all be teste* ,it/ t/e n%t'/ in t/e %)erlay ,el* metal. Fl. an* FBW" mm an* FBW= mm in t/e base material-
=4 I+ se)eral ,el*in( pr%'esses %r ,el*in( '%nsumables are use*. impa't testin( s/all be 'arrie* %ut in t/e '%rresp%n*in( ,el*
re(i%ns i+ t/e re(i%n %t/er,ise re2uire* t% be teste* 'ann%t be '%nsi*ere* representati)e +%r t/e '%mplete ,el*-
>4 Re2uirements +%r '%rr%si%n tests an* mi'r%stru'ture e:aminati%n are spe'i+ie* in subse'ti%n F-
Ta6le C-5 E'ali+ica%i!n !+ 9in 3raCing an" Al'$in!%her$ic 1el"ing (r!ce"'res
T!ST 25'4T $'4'$3$ 43$-!R 5& !)%1 SP!%'&'! T!ST
14
Thic.ness of base
material
!lectrical
resistance
$echanical
strength
%opper penetration
"4
1ardness
#
0 Pull test
All ; ; ; ; ;
N%tes
14 T/e number %+ tests re+ers t% t/e t%tal number %+ tests +r%m all pie'es-
"4 " test spe'imens s/all t/e se'ti%ne* trans)erse t% t/e an%*e lea* an* " test spe'imens parallel ,it/ t/e an%*e lea*-
#4 T/e /ar*ness tests s/all be ma*e %n t/e spe'imens +%r '%pper penetrati%n measurements-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &4%
#ongitudinal welds in doubler sleeves
5*4 B%n(itu*inal ,el*s in *%ubler slee)es s/all be ma*e ,it/ ba'&in( strips an* 2uali+ie* as re2uire* in
E#00 an* Table -#. but ,it/ t/e e:tent %+ testin( limite* t%0
1 trans)erse ,el* tensile
1 /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't testin(
1 ma'r% an* /ar*ness testin(.
&illet welds in doubler sleeves and anode pads
5*# T/e +illet ,el* 2uali+i'ati%n test s/all '%mprise t,% test pie'es ,el*e* in t/e PD an* PF plate p%siti%ns
t% 2uali+y t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure +%r ,el*in( in all p%siti%ns-
5*5 T/e e:tent %+ testin( +%r ea'/ test pie'e s/all be # ma'r% an* /ar*ness spe'imens ta&en +r%m t/e start.
en* an* mi**le %+ ea'/ test ,el* ,it/ met/%*s an* a''eptan'e 'riteria as spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n F-
-ranch welding fittings
5*& T/e bran'/ +ittin( 2uali+i'ati%n test ,el*s s/all be ,el*e* in t/e PF an* PD pipe p%siti%ns t% 2uali+y
,el*in( in all p%siti%ns-
5*2 T/e e:tent %+ testin( s/all be ; ma'r% an* /ar*ness spe'imens ta&en +r%m t/e 1". #. > an* H %N'l%'&
l%'ati%ns %+ ea'/ test ,el*- A pr%'e*ure 2uali+ie* as a butt ,el* may be use*-
5*: /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't testin( ,it/ t/e n%t'/ in t/e ,el* metal. FB. FBW" mm an* FBW= mm usin( +ull
siJe %r re*u'e* siJe spe'imens s/all al,ays be per+%rme* ,/ene)er t/e material t/i'&ness all%,s- /arpy V-
n%t'/ spe'imens s/all be ta&en +r%m b%t/ test ,el*s-
8ualification of repair welding procedures for longitudinal welds in doubler sleeves
5)* Repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r l%n(itu*inal ,el*s in *%ubler slee)es s/all be 2uali+ie* as re2uire* in
E#00 an* Table -;. but ,it/ t/e e:tent %+ testin( m%*i+ie* a''%r*in( t% E>0;-
8ualification of repair welding procedures for fillet welds
5)) 5uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in t/e PD an* PF plate p%siti%ns- T/e e:tent %+ 2uali+i'ati%n %+
repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures s/all at as a minimum '%nsist %+0
1 t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repair
1 sin(le pass repair a(ainst t/e pipe material
1 sin(le pass repair a(ainst t/e slee)e material-
5)4 6et/%*s %+ testin( an* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be as spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n F-
8ualification of repair welding procedures for branch welding fittings
5)8 5uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in t/e PD an* PF pipe p%siti%ns- T/e e:tent %+ 2uali+i'ati%n %+
repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures s/all at as a minimum '%nsist %+0
1 t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repair
1 sin(le pass 'ap repair a(ainst t/e +ittin(
1 sin(le pass 'ap repair a(ainst t/e pipe-
5)4 6et/%*s %+ testin( an* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be as spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n F-
E &** E'ali+ica%i!n !+ 1el"ing (r!ce"'res +!r s%r'c%'ral c!$(!nen%s
&*) @el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r stru'tural '%mp%nents. supplie* as a part %+ t/e pipeline systems. s/all be
2uali+ie* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1=>1;-1- T/e re2uirements s/all be appr%priate +%r t/e stru'tural
'ate(%risati%n %+ t/e members an* stresses in t/e stru'ture- T/e e:tent %+ tensile. /ar*ness an* impa't testin(
an* t/e testin( '%n*iti%ns s/%ul* be in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/is Appen*i:-
E 2** E'ali+ica%i!n !+ 1el"ing (r!ce"'res +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
2*) Re2uirements +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r /yperbari' *ry ,el*in( are (i)en in Subse'ti%n I-
F. E,a$ina%i!n an" Tes%ing +!r Wel"ing 9r!ce"'re E'ali+ica%i!n
F )** General
)*) All )isual e:aminati%n. n%n-*estru'ti)e testin(. me'/ani'al testin( an* '%rr%si%n testin( %+ test pie'es
s/all be per+%rme* in t/e as ,el*e* %r p%st ,el* /eat treate* '%n*iti%n. ,/ate)er is appli'able +%r t/e +inal
pr%*u't-
;isual e"amination and non(destructive testing
)*4 Visual e:aminati%n an* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( s/all be per+%rme* n% earlier t/an "; /%urs a+ter t/e
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &4$
'%mpleti%n %+ ,el*in( %+ ea'/ test pie'e- Ori(inal ,el*s inten*e* +%r repair ,el*in( 2uali+i'ati%n may be
e:amine* an* teste* ,/en temperature %+ test pie'e all%,s +%r it-
)*8 I+ a test pie'e *%es n%t meet t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r )isual e:aminati%n an* NDT. %ne +urt/er test
pie'e s/all be ,el*e* an* subGe'te* t% t/e same e:aminati%n- I+ t/is a**iti%nal test pie'e *%es n%t meet t/e
re2uirements. t/e @P5 is n%t a''eptable-
estructive testing
)*4 T/e type an* number %+ me'/ani'al tests an* mi'r%stru'ture e)aluati%ns +%r 2uali+i'ati%n tests are (i)en
in E#00 t% E<00-
)*# Test spe'imens s/all be ta&en +r%m t/e p%siti%ns s/%,n in Fi(ure 1 an* Fi(ure " +%r l%n(itu*inal ,el*s
an* (irt/ ,el*s respe'ti)ely-
Re(testing
)*5 A *estru'ti)e test +ailin( t% meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements may be re-teste*- T/e reas%n +%r t/e +ailure
s/all be in)esti(ate* an* rep%rte* be+%re any re-testin( is per+%rme*- I+ t/e in)esti(ati%n re)eals t/at t/e test
results are in+luen'e* by impr%per samplin(. ma'/inin(. preparati%n. treatment %r testin(. t/e test sample an*
spe'imen Cas rele)ant4 s/all be repla'e* by a '%rre'tly prepare* sample %r spe'imen an* a ne, test per+%rme*-
)*& A *estru'ti)e test +ailin( t% meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements s/all be reGe'te* i+ t/e reas%n +%r +ailure 'an
n%t be relate* t% impr%per samplin(. ma'/inin(. preparati%n. treatment %r testin( %+ spe'imens-
)*2 Re-testin( %+ a test +ailin( t% meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements s/%ul* %nly be per+%rme* subGe't t%
a(reement- T/is re-testin( s/all '%nsist %+ at least t,% +urt/er test spe'imensIsets %+ test spe'imens- I+ b%t/ re-
tests meet t/e re2uirements. t/e test may be re(ar*e* as a''eptable- All test results. in'lu*in( t/e +aile* tests.
s/all be rep%rte*-
)*: I+ t/ere are sin(le /ar*ness )alues in t/e *i++erent test J%nes C,el* metal. HAU. base material4 t/at *%
n%t meet t/e re2uirement. retestin( s/all be 'arrie* %ut %n t/e re)erse si*e %+ t/e teste* spe'imen %r a+ter
(rin*in( an* re-preparati%n %+ t/e teste* sur+a'e- N%ne %+ t/ese a**iti%nal /ar*ness )alues s/all e:'ee* t/e
ma:imum )alue-
))* F%r /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't testin( t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements s/all apply0
1 in %r*er t% '%nsi*er a set as appr%)e*. t/e a)era(e re2uirement /as t% be met an* %nly %ne test spe'imen
%ut %+ t/e t/ree may /a)e a )alue bet,een t/e a)era(e an* t/e sin(le minimum re2uirement-
1 subGe't t% a(reement. retest may be per+%rme* ,it/ t,% test spe'imen sets- All re-teste* spe'imens s/all
meet t/e spe'i+ie* minimum a)era(e t%u(/ness-
Fig're )
Wel"ing (r!ce"'re <'ali+ica%i!n %es% - sa$(ling !+ %es% s(eci$ens +!r l!ngi%'"inal 6'%% 1el"s.
N%te0 T/e in*i'ate* l%'ati%n %+ t/e test spe'imens are n%t re2uire* +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( in t/e PA C134 an* P C"34 p%siti%ns.
,/ere samplin( p%siti%ns are %pti%nal-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &4&
Fig're 4
Wel"ing (r!ce"'re <'ali+ica%i!n %es% - sa$(ling !+ %es% s(eci$ens +!r gir%h 6'%% 1el"s.
N%te 10 F%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s. i+ appli'able. %ne ma'r% an* /ar*ness spe'imen s/all in'lu*e a pipe l%n(itu*inal seam ,el*-
N%te "0 T/e in*i'ate* l%'ati%n %+ t/e test spe'imens are n%t re2uire* +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( in t/e PA C13 r%tate*4 ,/ere samplin(
p%siti%ns are %pti%nal-
F 4** Dis'al e,a$ina%i!n an" n!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing re<'ire$en%s
4*) Ea'/ test ,el* s/all un*er(% 100L )isual e:aminati%n an* 100L ultras%ni' an* 100L ra*i%(rap/i'
testin( an* 100L ma(neti' parti'le %r li2ui* penetrant testin(- Testin( s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D.
Subse'ti%n !-
4*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r )isual e:aminati%n an* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/
Appen*i: D. !H00 +%r ,el*s e:p%se* t% strains M 0-;L- F%r ,el*s e:p%se* t% strains 0-;L. t/e a''eptan'e
'riteria s/all be as +%r t/e pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( %r a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: D. !H00. ,/i'/e)er is t/e m%re
strin(ent-
4*8 @el* %)erlay s/all be n%n-*estru'ti)ely teste* a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: D. #00 ,it/ a''eptan'e 'riteria
a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: D. >00- T/e sur+a'e an* ,el* t/i'&ness s/all be representati)e +%r t/e pr%*u'ti%n
,el*in(. i-e- a+ter ma'/inin( %+ t/e %)erlay t/i'&ness %r t/e t/i'&ness representati)e +%r t/e t/i'&ness %n t/e
+inis/e* '%mp%nent-
F 8** Tes%ing !+ 6'%% 1el"s
8*) All testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !-
Transverse weld tensile testing
8*4 F%r l%n(itu*inal ,el*s an* (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% strain
l.n%m
0-;L t/e +ra'ture s/all n%t be l%'ate*
in t/e ,el* metal. ,/ile +%r l%n(itu*inal ,el*s an* (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% strain
l.n%m
M0-;L an* ,/ere n%
EA is per+%rme* t/e +ra'ture s/%ul* n%t be in t/e ,el* metal- T/e ultimate tensile stren(t/ s/all be at least
e2ual t% t/e S6TS +%r t/e base material- @/en *i++erent material (ra*es are G%ine*. t/e ultimate tensile stren(t/
%+ t/e G%int s/all be at least e2ual t% t/e S6TS +%r t/e l%,er (ra*e-
)ll(weld tensile testing
8*8 F%r l%n(itu*inal ,el*s an* (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% strain
l.n%m
M0-;L an* ,/ere n% EA is per+%rme*.
t/e upper yiel* %r t/e R
t0-=
%+ t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal s/%ul* be F0 6Pa ab%)e S6RS %+ t/e base material
an* t/e el%n(ati%n n%t less t/an 1FL- I+ t,% (ra*es are G%ine* t/e re2uirement applies t% t/e l%,er stren(t/
material-
Transverse all(weld tensile testing
8*4 F%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s ,/ere (eneri' EA a''eptan'e 'riteria Csee Appen*i: A4 are applie*. t/e upper
yiel* %r t/e R
t0-=
%+ t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal s/all n%t be m%re t/an "0 6Pa bel%, t/e spe'i+ie* ma:imum
yiel* stren(t/ %+ t/e base material- T/e el%n(ati%n s/all n%t be less t/an 1FL-@/en *i++erent material (ra*es
are G%ine*. t/e yiel* stress re2uirements applies t% t/e l%,er (ra*e-
8*# F%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% strain
l.n%m
0-;L an* ,/ere +ull EA a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be
applie*. t/e upper yiel* %r t/e R
t0-=
%+ t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal s/all n%t be m%re t/an "0 6Pa bel%, t/e
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &4'
spe'i+ie* ma:imum yiel* stren(t/ %+ t/e base material. %r t/e assumpti%ns ma*e *urin( *esi(n an*I%r t/e EA-
T/e el%n(ati%n s/all n%t be less t/an 1FL-
-end testing
8*5 T/e en* tests s/all n%t *is'l%se any %pen *e+e'ts in any *ire'ti%n e:'ee*in( # mm- 6in%r *u'tile tears
less t/an > mm. %ri(inatin( at t/e spe'imen e*(e may be *isre(ar*e* i+ n%t ass%'iate* ,it/ %b)i%us *e+e'ts-
%harpy ;(notch impact testing
8*& T/e a)era(e an* sin(le /arpy V-n%t'/ t%u(/ness at ea'/ p%siti%n s/all n%t be less t/an spe'i+ie* +%r t/e
base material in t/e trans)erse *ire'ti%n CKVT )alues4- Re2uirement +%r +ra'ture arrest pr%perties *%es n%t
apply-
1 -6n an* l%, all%y steels s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in Se'-< !;00-
1 Duple: an* martensiti' stainless steels s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in Se'-< ;00-
1 T/e -6n steel ba'&in( material in 'la* an* line* linepipe s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in Se'-<
!;00-
8*2 @/en *i++erent steel (ra*es are G%ine*. t/e re2uire* impa't tests s/all be per+%rme* %n b%t/ si*es %+ t/e
,el*- T/e ,el* metal s/all meet t/e less strin(ent ener(y re2uirement-
$acro section
8*: T/e ma'r% se'ti%n s/all be *%'umente* by p/%t%(rap/s Cma(ni+i'ati%n %+ at least =4-
8)* T/e ma'r% se'ti%n s/all s/%, a s%un* ,el* mer(in( sm%%t/ly int% t/e base material an* meetin( 5uality
le)el %+ ISO =F1<-
8)) F%r (irt/ ,el*s in ,el*e* pipe. %ne ma'r% se'ti%n s/all in'lu*e a l%n(itu*inal ,el*-
1ardness testing
8)4 T/e ma:imum /ar*ness in t/e HAU an* ,el* metal is0
1 #"= HV10 +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels in n%n-H
"
S ser)i'e
1 "=0 HV10 +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels in H
"
S ser)i'e C+%r ,el* 'aps n%t e:p%se* t% t/e H
"
S me*ia.
ma:imum /ar*ness %+ "<= HV10 may be a(ree* +%r base material t/i'&ness _ H mm4 unless a /i(/er
/ar*ness /as been 2uali+ie* a''%r*in( t% Se'-> !"0" an* App-! ;00-
1 #=0 HV10 +%r 1#r martensiti' stainless steels
1 #=0 HV10 +%r *uple: stainless steels
1 #"= HV10 +%r 'la* %r line* material in n%n-H
"
S ser)i'e
1 "<= HV10 +%r an%*e pa*s-
F%r 'la* %r line* materials in H
"
S ser)i'e spe'ial '%nsi*erati%ns are re2uire*. see ISO 1=1=>-
8)8 SubGe't t% a(reement. a**iti%nal /ar*ness measurements s/all be ta&en in t/e startIst%p area +%r repair
,el* 2uali+i'ati%n-
8)4 F%r (irt/ ,el*s in ,el*e* pipe. %ne /ar*ness test spe'imen s/all in'lu*e a l%n(itu*inal ,el*-
%orrosion testing
8)# Sulp/i*e stress 'ra'&in( testin( CSS4 is %nly re2uire* +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels ,it/ S6RS _ ;=0
6Pa. 1#r martensiti' stainless steels an* %t/er materials n%t liste* +%r H
"
S ser)i'e in ISO 1=1=>-
A''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be a''%r*in( t% ISO 1=1=>-
8)5 Pittin( '%rr%si%n test a''%r*in( t% AST6 3;F is %nly re2uire* +%r "=r *uple: stainless steel Csee Se'->
!#0"4- T/e ma:imum ,ei(/t l%ss s/all be ;-0 (Im
"
,/en teste* at ;0] +%r "; /%urs-
$icrostructure e"amination
8)& @el*s in *uple: stainless steel materials. RA materials an* 'la*Iline* materials s/all be subGe't t%
mi'r%stru'ture e:aminati%n- T/e material s/all be essentially +ree +r%m (rain b%un*ary 'arbi*es. nitri*es an*
intermetalli' p/ases- Essentially +ree implies t/at %''asi%nal strin(s %+ *etrimental p/ases al%n( t/e 'entreline
%+ t/e base material is a''eptable (i)en t/at t/e p/ase '%ntent ,it/in %ne +iel* %+ )isi%n Cat ;00P ma(ni+i'ati%n4
is M 1-0L Cma:- 0-=L intermetalli' p/ases4-
F%r *uple: steel t/e +errite '%ntent %+ t/e ,el* metal an* HAU s/all be ,it/in t/e ran(e #= t% >=L-
T/e +errite '%ntent %+ austeniti' stainless steel ,el* *ep%sit s/all be ,it/in t/e ran(e = t% 1#L-
6i'r% 'ra'&in( at t/e +usi%n line is n%t permitte*-
%hemical analysis
8)2 F%r ,el*s in 'la* %r line* materials. a '/emi'al analysis s/all be per+%rme*- T/e analysis s/all be
representati)e %+ t/e RA '%mp%siti%n at a p%int at t/e 'entreline %+ t/e r%%t pass 0-= mm bel%, t/e sur+a'e-
T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n s/all be ,it/in t/e spe'i+i'ati%n limits a''%r*in( t% t/e 8NS number +%r t/e
spe'i+ie* 'la**in(Ilinin( material %r. i+ t/e ,el* metal is %+ a *i++erent '%mp%siti%n t/an t/e 'la**in(Iliner.
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &41
,it/in t/e limits %+ '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n spe'i+ie* +%r t/e ,el*in( '%nsumable-
&racture toughness testing
8): Fra'ture t%u(/ness testin( s/all be per+%rme* +%r b%t/ (irt/ ,el*s an* repair ,el*s ,/en a''eptan'e
'riteria +%r (irt/ ,el*s are establis/e* by an EA- T/e e:tent %+ testin( s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: A-
84* F%r n%minal ,all t/i'&ness ab%)e =0 mm in -6n an* l%, all%y steels +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( is
re2uire* unless P@HT is per+%rme*-
-6n an* l%, all%y steels s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in Se'-< !;1=-
Duple: an* martensiti' stainless steels s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in Se'-< ;0#-
F 4** Tes%ing !+ 1el" !-erla7
4*) @/en t/e ,el* %)erlay is n%t '%ntributin( t% stren(t/ Ce-(- n%t l%a* bearin(4. tensile testin( an* /arpy
V-n%t'/ testin( %+ t/e ,el* %)erlay material are n%t re2uire*- @/en t/e ,el* %)erlay stren(t/ is '%nsi*ere* as
a part %+ t/e *esi(n. su'/ me'/ani'al testin( %+ t/e ,el* %)erlay material is re2uire* Csee F;1" t% F;1<4-
4*4 T/e base material s/all retain t/e minimum spe'i+ie* me'/ani'al pr%perties a+ter any p%st ,el* /eat
treatment- T/e base material pr%perties in t/e p%st ,el* /eat treate* '%n*iti%n s/all t/en be *%'umente* by
a**iti%nal testin( an* re'%r*e* as a part %+ t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n-
4*8 T/e testin( in F;0; t/r%u(/ F;11 s/all. as a minimum. be per+%rme* ,/en t/e %)erlay material is n%t
'%nsi*ere* as part %+ t/e *esi(n an* ,/en t/e base material /as n%t been a++e'te* by any p%st ,el* /eat
treatment- @/en t/e %)erlay material is '%nsi*ere* t% be part %+ *esi(n. t/e testin( in F;1" t/r%u(/ F;1< s/all
be per+%rme* in a**iti%n t% t/e testin( in F;0; t/r%u(/ F;11-
-end testing of weld overlay
4*4 T/e ben* testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !. !=1;- T/e ben* tests s/all *is'l%se
n% *e+e'ts e:'ee*in( 1-> mm- 6in%r *u'tile tears less t/an # mm. %ri(inatin( at t/e spe'imen e*(e may be
*isre(ar*e* i+ n%t ass%'iate* ,it/ %b)i%us *e+e'ts-
$acro e"amination of weld overlay
4*# T/e ma'r% se'ti%ns s/all be *%'umente* by p/%t%(rap/s Cma(ni+i'ati%n %+ at least =P4- T/e ma'r% se'ti%n
s/all s/%, a s%un* ,el* mer(in( sm%%t/ly int% t/e base material an* meetin( 5uality le)el %+ ISO =F1<-
1ardness testing of weld overlay
4*5 T/e ma:imum /ar*ness +%r base material an* HAU s/all n%t e:'ee* t/e limits (i)en in F#1" ab%)e as
appli'able +%r t/e inten*e* ser)i'e an* type %+ material- T/e ma:imum /ar*ness +%r t/e %)erlay material s/%ul*
n%t e:'ee* any limit (i)en in ISO 1=1=> +%r H
"
S ser)i'e-
%hemical analysis of weld overlay
4*& T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n s/all be %btaine* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !- Spe'imens +%r '/emi'al
analysis s/all eit/er be per+%rme* *ire'tly %n t/e as ,el*e* %r ma'/ine* sur+a'e %r by ta&in( spe'imen %r
+ilin(sI'/ips +r%m0
1 t/e as ,el*e* sur+a'e
1 a ma'/ine* sur+a'e
1 +r%m a /%riJ%ntal *rille* 'a)ity-
T/e l%'ati%n +%r t/e '/emi'al analysis s/all be '%nsi*ere* as t/e minimum 2uali+ie* t/i'&ness t% be le+t a+ter
any ma'/inin( %+ t/e '%rr%si%n resistant ,el* %)erlay-
4*2 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ %)erlay s/all be s/all be ,it/in t/e spe'i+i'ati%n limits a''%r*in( t% t/e
8NS +%r t/e spe'i+ie* %)erlay material- T/e ir%n '%ntent %+ all%y 8NS N0>>"= %)erlay s/all be M 10L-
$icrostructure e"amination of weld overlay
4*: T/e sur+a'e t% be use* +%r mi'r%stru'ture e:aminati%n s/all be representati)e %+ a ,el* %)erlay t/i'&ness
%+ # mm %r t/e minimum %)erlay t/i'&ness spe'i+ie* +%r t/e +inis/e* ma'/ine* '%mp%nent. ,/i'/e)er is less-
6i'r%stru'ture e:aminati%n s/all be per+%rme* a+ter any +inal /eat treatment-
4)* 6etall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n at a ma(ni+i'ati%n %+ ;00P %+ t/e RA ,el* metal HAU an* t/e base
material s/all be per+%rme*- 6i'r% 'ra'&in( at t/e RA t% t/e -6nIl%, all%y steel inter+a'e is n%t permitte*-
T/e material s/all be essentially +ree +r%m (rain b%un*ary 'arbi*es. nitri*es an* inter-metalli' p/ases in t/e
+inal '%n*iti%n Cas-,el*e* %r /eat treate* as appli'able4-
4)) T/e +errite '%ntent %+ austeniti' stainless steel ,el* %)erlay *ep%sit s/all be ,it/in t/e ran(e =-1#L- T/e
+errite '%ntent %+ *uple: stainless steel ,el* %)erlay in t/e ,el* metal an* HAU s/all be ,it/in t/e ran(e #=->=L-
)ll(weld tensile testing of load bearing weld overlay
4)4 All-,el* tensile testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: ! !#00-
4)8 T/e yiel* stress an* ultimate tensile stren(t/ %+ t/e ,el* *ep%sit s/all be at least e2ual t% t/e material
tensile pr%perties use* in t/e *esi(n-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &42
%harpy ;(notch impact testing of load bearing weld overlay
4)4 @/en t/e ,el* %)erlay material is *esi(ne* t% trans+er t/e l%a* a'r%ss t/e base materialI,el* %)erlay
+usi%n line. impa't testin( %+ t/e ,el* %)erlay an* HAU s/all be per+%rme* Ci-e- ,/en t/e %)erlay is a part %+
a butt G%int %r a'ts as a transiti%n bet,een a '%rr%si%n resistant all%y an* a -6nIl%, all%y steel4-
4)# Testin( s/all be ,it/ t/e n%t'/ in t/e %)erlay ,el* metal. FB. FBW" mm an* FBW= mm in t/e base
material-
4)5 T/e a)era(e an* sin(le /arpy V-n%t'/ t%u(/ness at ea'/ p%siti%n s/all n%t be less t/an spe'i+ie* +%r t/e
base material- @/en *i++erent steel (ra*es are G%ine*. a series %+ impa't tests s/all be '%nsi*ere* in t/e HAU
%n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e G%int- T/e ,el* metal s/all meet t/e m%re strin(ent ener(y re2uirement-
%orrosion testing of weld overlay
4)& %rr%si%n testin( an* mi'r%stru'ture e:aminati%n %+ stainless steel an* ni'&el base ,el* %)erlay
materials s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
F #** Tes%ing !+ (in 6raCing an" al'$in!%her$ic 1el"s
!lectrical resistance
#*) T/e ele'tri'al resistan'e %+ ea'/ test ,el*IbraJin( s/all n%t e:'ee* 0-1 O/m-
$echanical strength
#*4 Ea'/ test ,el*IbraJin( s/all be se'urely +i:e* an* teste* ,it/ a s/arp bl%, +r%m a 1-0 &( /ammer- T/e
,el*IbraJin( s/all ,it/stan* t/e /ammer bl%, an* remain +irmly atta'/e* t% t/e base material an* s/%, n%
si(n %+ tearin( %r 'ra'&in(-
%opper penetration
#*8 " test spe'imens s/all t/e se'ti%ne* trans)erse t% t/e an%*e lea* an* " test spe'imens parallel ,it/ t/e
an%*e lea*- T/e +usi%n line %+ t/e ,el*IbraJin( s/all at any p%int n%t be m%re t/an 1-0 mm bel%, t/e base
material sur+a'e- Inter(ranular '%pper penetrati%n %+ t/e base material s/all n%t at any p%int e:ten* bey%n* 0-=
mm +r%m t/e +usi%n line-
1ardness
#*4 HV10 /ar*ness tests s/all be ma*e %n ea'/ %+ t/e spe'imens +%r '%pper penetrati%n measurements-
#*# T/e ma:imum /ar*ness s/all n%t e:'ee* t/e limits (i)en in F#1" as appli'able +%r t/e inten*e* ser)i'e
an* type %+ material-
Pull test
#*5 T/e spe'imen s/all brea& in t/e 'able-
F 5** Tes%ing !+ 1el"s +!r %e$(!rar7 an" (er$anen% a%%ach$en%s an" 6ranch !'%le% +i%%ings %!
line(i(e
5*) @el*s s/all be teste* t% t/e e:tent re2uire* in E>00 an* meet t/e rele)ant re2uirements (i)en in F#00
ab%)e-
G. Wel"ing an" 9WHT Re<'ire$en%s
G )** General
)*) All ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* usin( t/e type %+ ,el*in( e2uipment an* un*er t/e '%n*iti%ns t/at are
representati)e +%r t/e ,%r&in( en)ir%nment *urin( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in(-
)*4 Pre-2uali+i'ati%n testin( s/all be per+%rme* +%r ,el*in( systems ,/ere t/e %ntra't%r /as limite*
pre)i%us e:perien'e. %r ,/ere t/e system ,ill be use* un*er ne, '%n*iti%ns- All ,el*in( e2uipment s/all be
maintaine* in (%%* '%n*iti%n in %r*er t% ensure t/e 2uality %+ t/e ,el*ment-
)*8 All ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* un*er '%ntr%lle* '%n*iti%ns ,it/ a*e2uate pr%te'ti%n +r%m *etrimental
en)ir%nmental in+luen'e su'/ as /umi*ity. *ust. *rau(/t an* lar(e temperature )ariati%ns-
)*4 All instruments s/all /a)e )ali* 'alibrati%n 'erti+i'ates an* t/e a*e2ua'y %+ any '%ntr%l s%+t,are s/all
be *%'umente*-
)*# @el*in( an* ,el*in( super)isi%n s/all be 'arrie* %ut by pers%nnel 2uali+ie* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e
re2uirements (i)en in !"00-
G 4** 9r!"'c%i!n 1el"ing= general re<'ire$en%s
4*) All ,el*in( s/all be 'arrie* %ut stri'tly in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e a''epte* ,el*in( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n
an* t/e re2uirements in t/is subse'ti%n- I+ any parameter is '/an(e* %utsi*e t/e limits %+ t/e essential )ariables.
t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure s/all be re-spe'i+ie* an* re-2uali+ie*- Essential )ariables an* )ariati%n limits are
spe'i+ie* in DF00-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &43
4*4 T/e preparati%n %+ be)el +a'es s/all be per+%rme* by a(ree* met/%*s- T/e +inal (r%%)e '%n+i(urati%n
s/all be as spe'i+ie* in t/e @PS an* ,it/in t/e t%leran'es in t/e @PS-
4*8 A+ter 'uttin( %+ pipe %r plate material +%r ne, be)el preparati%n. a ne, laminati%n '/e'& by ultras%ni'
an* ma(neti' parti'leI*ye penetrant testin( s/%ul* be per+%rme*- Pr%)i*e* it 'an be *em%nstrate* t/at t/e 'ut
/as been ma*e insi*e a J%ne ,/ere a laminati%n '/e'& ,as per+%rme* at t/e plateIpipe mill. t/e '/e'& may be
%mitte*- Pr%'e*ures +%r ultras%ni' an* ma(neti' parti'leI*ye penetrant testin( an* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be
in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D-
4*4 F%r ,el*in( pr%'esses usin( s/iel*in(. ba'&in( an* plasma (ases. t/e (as 'lassi+i'ati%n m%isture '%ntent
an* *e, p%int s/all be '/e'&e* pri%r t% start %+ ,el*in(- 3ases in *ama(e* '%ntainers %r %+ 2uesti%nable
'%mp%siti%n. purity an* *e, p%int s/all n%t be use*- All (as supply lines s/all be inspe'te* +%r *ama(e %n a
*aily basis- All (as supply lines s/all be pur(e* be+%re t/e ,el*in( is starte*-
4*# T/e ,el* be)el s/all be +ree +r%m m%isture. %il. (rease. rust. 'arb%nise* material. '%atin( et'-. ,/i'/ may
a++e't t/e ,el* 2uality-
4*5 T/e ali(nment %+ t/e abuttin( en*s s/all be a*Guste* t% minimise misali(nment- 6isali(nment s/all n%t
e:'ee* t/e t%leran'es in t/e @PS-
4*& T/e ,el* area s/all be /eate* t% t/e minimum pre/eat temperature spe'i+ie* in t/e @PS- Pre-/eatin(
s/all als% be per+%rme* ,/ene)er m%isture is present %r may '%n*ense in t/e ,el* area an*I%r ,/en t/e
ambient temperature %r material temperature is bel%, =
]
- @el*in( bel%, "0] s/%ul* n%t be per+%rme*-
4*2 @/en pre-/eatin( is applie* pri%r t% ,el*in(. in'lu*in( ta'& ,el*in(. t/e pre-/eatin( temperature s/all
be measure* at a *istan'e %+ minimum <= mm +r%m t/e e*(es %+ t/e (r%%)e at t/e %pp%site si*e %+ t/e /eatin(
s%ur'e ,/en pra'ti'ally p%ssible- I+ t/is is n%t p%ssible. t/e a*e2ua'y %+ t/e per+%rme* measurement s/all be
*em%nstrate*-
4*: Ta'& ,el*in( s/all %nly be per+%rme* i+ 2uali+ie* *urin( ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n- T/e minimum
ta'& ,el* len(t/ is "t %r 100 mm. ,/i'/e)er is lar(er- Temp%rary ta'& ,el*s usin( bri*(in( %r bullets s/all
%nly be per+%rme* usin( materials e2ui)alent t% t/e base material an* usin( a @PS base* %n a 2uali+ie*
,el*in( pr%'e*ure- All su'/ ta'& ,el*s an* any spa'er ,e*(es s/all be rem%)e* +r%m t/e +inal ,el*ment- Ta'&
,el*s t% be +use* int% t/e ,el* s/all be ma*e in t/e ,el* (r%%)e %nly an* t/e en*s %+ t/e ta'& ,el*s s/all /a)e
t/eir en*s (r%un* an* +eat/ere* an* e:amine* +%r 'ra'&s by an a*e2uate NDT met/%*- De+e'ti)e ta'& ,el*s
s/all be rem%)e* %r repaire* pri%r t% pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(-
4)* Rem%)al %+ ta'& ,el*s s/all be by (rin*in( an* 'leanin( +%ll%,e* by e:aminati%n %+ t/e (r%un* area by
)isual inspe'ti%n- @/ere temp%rary ta'& ,el*s are rem%)e*. t/e be)el '%n+i(urati%n an* r%%t (aps spe'i+ie* in
t/e @PS s/all be maintaine* +%r t/e subse2uent pass an* t/e (r%%)e )isually inspe'te* pri%r t% resumin(
,el*in( %+ t/e r%%t pass-
4)) T/e interpass temperature s/all be measure* at t/e e*(e %+ t/e (r%%)e imme*iately pri%r t% startin( t/e
+%ll%,in( pass- F%r multi t%r'/ bu(s. t/e interpass temperature is *e+ine* as t/e temperature in +r%nt %+ t/e +irst
,ire %n ea'/ bu(-
4)4 Eart/ '%nne'ti%ns s/all be se'urely atta'/e* t% a)%i* ar' burns an* e:'essi)e resistan'e /eatin(-
@el*in( %+ eart/ '%nne'ti%ns t% t/e ,%r& pie'e is n%t permitte*-
4)8 T/e number %+ ,el*ers an* t/e ,el* se2uen'e s/all be sele'te* in %r*er t% 'ause minimum *ist%rti%n %+
t/e pipeline %r t/e '%mp%nents-
4)4 Start an* st%p p%ints s/all be *istribute* %)er a len(t/ %+ ,el* an* n%t Ssta'&e*T in t/e same area-
4)# @el*in( ar's s/all be stru'& %n t/e +usi%n +a'es %nly- @el* repair %+ base material a++e'te* by stray ar's
is n%t permitte*-
4)5 Ar' burns s/all be repaire* by me'/ani'al rem%)al %+ a++e'te* base material +%ll%,e* by NDT t% )eri+y
absen'e %+ 'ra'&s an* ultras%ni' ,all t/i'&ness measurements t% )eri+y t/at t/e remainin( material t/i'&ness
is n%t bel%, t/e minimum all%,e*-
4)& Sur+a'e sla( 'lusters. sur+a'e p%r%sity an* /i(/ p%ints s/all be rem%)e* by (rin*in( an* t/e ,el* )isually
inspe'te* pri%r t% *ep%siti%n %+ t/e ne:t ,el* pass-
4)2 A+ter ,el* '%mpleti%n. all spatter. s'ales. sla(. p%r%sity. irre(ularities an* e:trane%us matter %n t/e ,el*
an* t/e a*Ga'ent area s/all be rem%)e*- T/e 'leane* area s/all be su++i'ient +%r t/e subse2uent NDT- Peenin(
is n%t permitte*-
4): @el*in( s/all n%t be interrupte* be+%re t/e G%int /as su++i'ient stren(t/ t% a)%i* plasti' yiel*in( an*
'ra'&in( *urin( /an*lin(- Pri%r t% restart a+ter an interrupti%n. pre/eatin( t% t/e minimum interpass
temperature %+ t/e pass in 2uesti%n s/all be applie*-
44* @el*s s/all %nly be le+t un-'%mplete* i+ una)%i*able- @el*in( %+ +ittin(s s/all al,ays be '%mplete*
,it/%ut interrupti%n- I+ ,el*in( is interrupte* *ue t% pr%*u'ti%n restraints. t/e minimum number %+ passes
spe'i+ie* in t/e @PS s/all be '%mplete* be+%re st%ppin( ,el*in(- I+ t/e @PS *%es n%t spe'i+y a minimum
number %+ passes. at least # passes %r /al+ t/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e G%int s/%ul* be '%mplete* be+%re t/e ,el*in( is
interrupte*- @/en interrupti%n %+ ,el*in( is imp%se* by pr%*u'ti%n restraints. interrupte* ,el*s s/all be
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &44
,rappe* in *ry insulatin( material an* all%,e* t% '%%l in a sl%, an* uni+%rm manner- !e+%re restartin( ,el*in(
%+ an interrupte* ,el*. t/e G%int s/all be re/eate* t% t/e interpass temperature re'%r*e* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n %+
t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure-
44) 6a:imum r%%t (ap +%r +illet ,el*s s/%ul* be " mm- @/ere t/e r%%t (ap is _ " mm but = mm. t/is s/all
be '%mpensate* by in'reasin( t/e t/r%at t/i'&ness %n t/e +illet ,el* by 0-< mm +%r ea'/ mm bey%n* " mm (ap-
@el*in( %+ +illet ,el*s ,it/ r%%t (ap _ = mm is subGe't t% repair base* %n an a(ree* pr%'e*ure-
G 8** Re(air 1el"ing= general re<'ire$en%s
8*) T/e all%,able repairs an* re-repairs are (i)en in Table -< an* are limite* t% %ne repair in t/e same area-
Repeate* repairs s/all be subGe't t% a(reement an* are limite* t% %ne repeate* repair %+ a pre)i%usly repaire* area-
8*4 Repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures s/all be 2uali+ie* t% t/e e:tent t/at su'/ repairs are +easible an* appli'able
+%r t/e repair situati%n in 2uesti%n- 5uali+i'ati%n %+ repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures *en%te* Si+ a(ree*S. nee* %nly
be *%ne i+ per+%rmin( su'/ repairs is a(ree* an* are +easible +%r t/e repair situati%n in 2uesti%n-
8*8 ellul%si' '%ate* ele'tr%*es s/all n%t be use* +%r repair ,el*in(-
8*4 Repair ,el*in( %+ 'ra'&s is n%t permitte* unless t/e 'ause %+ 'ra'&in( by te'/ni'al e)aluati%n /as been
establis/e* n%t t% be a systemati' ,el*in( err%r C'ra'&s in t/e ,el* is 'ause +%r reGe'ti%n4-
8*# De+e'ts in t/e base material s/all be repaire* by (rin*in( %nly-
8*5 De+e'ti)e ,el*s t/at 'ann%t be repaire* ,it/ (rin*in( %nly may be repaire* l%'ally by ,el*in(- Repair
,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a 2uali+ie* repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ure- F%r ,el*in( pr%'esses
applyin( lar(e ,el* p%%ls. e-(- multi-ar' ,el*in( systems. any uninten*e* ar'-st%ps s/all be '%nsi*ere* as *e+e'ts-
8*& @el* seams may %nly be repaire* t,i'e in t/e same area. i+ a(ree*- Repeate* repairs %+ t/e r%%t in sin(le
si*e* ,el*s are n%t permitte*. unless spe'i+i'ally 2uali+ie* an* a''epte* in ea'/ 'ase- @el* repairs s/all be
(r%un* t% mer(e sm%%t/ly int% t/e %ri(inal ,el* '%nt%ur-
8*2 Repairs %+ t/e r%%t pass in a sin(le-si*e* G%int +%r material meetin( H
"
S ser)i'e re2uirements s/all be
'arrie* %ut un*er '%nstant super)isi%n-
8*: A l%'al ,el* repair s/all be at least =0 mm l%n( %r ; times t/e material t/i'&ness. ,/i'/e)er is l%n(est-
A len(t/ at t/e b%tt%m %+ t/e e:'a)ati%n is =0 mm may be a''eptable i+ t/e taper re2uire* in 3#10 (i)es
a*e2uate a''ess +%r ,el*in(-
8)* T/e e:'a)ate* p%rti%n %+ t/e ,el* s/all be lar(e en%u(/ t% ensure '%mplete rem%)al %+ t/e *e+e't. an*
t/e en*s an* si*es %+ t/e e:'a)ati%n s/all /a)e a (ra*ual taper +r%m t/e b%tt%m %+ t/e e:'a)ati%n t% t/e sur+a'e-
De+e'ts 'an be rem%)e* by (rin*in(. ma'/inin( %r air-ar' (%u(in(- Air-ar' (%u(in( s/all be '%ntr%lle* by a
*%'umente* pr%'e*ure in'lu*in( t/e all%,e* )ariables a''%r*in( t% A@S =-#- I+ air-ar' (%u(in( is use*. t/e
last # mm t/r%u(/ t/e r%%t %+ t/e ,el* s/all be rem%)e* by me'/ani'al means an* t/e ,/%le e:'a)ate* area
s/all be (r%un* t% rem%)e any 'arb%n enri'/e* J%nes- T/e ,i*t/ an* t/e pr%+ile %+ t/e e:'a)ati%n s/all be
su++i'ient t% ensure a*e2uate a''ess +%r re-,el*in(- %mplete rem%)al %+ t/e *e+e't s/all be '%n+irme* by
ma(neti' parti'le testin(. %r by *ye penetrant testin( +%r n%n +err%ma(neti' materials- Resi*uals +r%m t/e NDT
s/all be rem%)e* pri%r t% re-,el*in(-
8)) @el* repairs s/all be (r%un* t% mer(e sm%%t/ly int% t/e %ri(inal ,el* '%nt%ur-
8)4 Repair by ,el*in( a+ter +inal /eat treatment is n%t permitte*-
8)8 A minimum li(ament %+ > mm is re2uire* +%r partial t/i'&ness repair-
Ta6le C-& T7(es !+ 1el" re(airs
Type of repair
Type of material
%($n and low
alloy steel
<K%r $SS %lad/lined %R)/uple" SS <0
T/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repair Permitte* Permitte* I+ a(ree* I+ a(ree*
Partial t/i'&ness repair Permitte* Permitte* Permitte* Permitte*
In-pr%'ess r%%t repair Permitte* Permitte* Permitte* Permitte*
Sin(le pass 'ap repair Permitte* Permitte* Permitte* Permitte*
Sin(le pass r%%t sealin( repair I+ a(ree* I+ a(ree* I+ a(ree* I+ a(ree*
T/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repeate* repair I+ a(ree* N%t permitte* N%t permitte* N%t permitte*
Partial t/i'&ness repeate* repair I+ a(ree* N%t permitte* N%t permitte* N%t permitte*
In-pr%'ess r%%t repeate* repair N%t permitte* N%t permitte* N%t permitte* N%t permitte*
Sin(le pass 'ap repeate* repair N%t permitte* N%t permitte* N%t permitte* N%t permitte*
Sin(le pass r%%t sealin( repeate* repair N%t permitte* N%t permitte* N%t permitte* N%t permitte*
N%te
14 Pr%)i*e* s%luti%n annealin( is per+%rme* a+ter ,el*in(. all repairs are all%,e*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &45
G 4** 9!s% 1el" hea% %rea%$en%
4*) @el*s s/all be subGe'te* t% P@HT as spe'i+ie* in t/e p@PS %r @PS an* t% a *%'umente* pr%'e*ure-
4*4 P%st ,el* /eat treatment s/all be per+%rme* +%r ,el*e* G%ints %+ -6n an* l%, all%y steel /a)in( a
n%minal ,all t/i'&ness ab%)e =0 mm. unless +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( s/%,s a''eptable )alues in t/e as
,el*e* '%n*iti%n- In 'ases ,/ere t/e minimum *esi(n temperature is less t/an -10]. t/e t/i'&ness limit s/all
be spe'ially *etermine*-
4*8 I+ p%st ,el* /eat treatment is use* t% %btain a*e2uate resistan'e %+ ,el*e* G%ints a(ainst sulp/i*e stress
'ra'&in(. t/is s/all be per+%rme* +%r all t/i'&nesses-
4*4 @/ene)er p%ssible. P@HT s/all be 'arrie* %ut by pla'in( t/e ,el*e* assembly in an en'l%se* +urna'e-
Re2uirements t% P@HT in an en'l%se* +urna'e are (i)en in Se'-F D=00-
4*# I+ P@HT in an en'l%se* +urna'e is n%t pra'ti'al. l%'al P@HT s/all be per+%rme* by means %+ ele'tri'
resistan'e /eatin( mats %r %t/er met/%*s as a(ree* %r spe'i+ie*- T/e P@HT s/all '%)er a ban* %)er t/e entire
len(t/ %+ t/e ,el*- T/e ban* s/all be 'entre* %n t/e ,el* an* t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e /eate* ban* s/all n%t be less t/an
= times t/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e t/i'&er '%mp%nent in t/e assembly-
4*5 Temperatures s/%ul* be measure* by t/erm%'%uples in e++e'ti)e '%nta't ,it/ t/e material an* at a
number %+ l%'ati%ns t% m%nit%r t/at t/e ,/%le len(t/ %+ t/e ,el* is /eate* ,it/in t/e spe'i+ie* temperature
ran(e- In a**iti%n temperature measurements s/all be ma*e t% '%n+irm t/at un*esire* temperature (ra*ients *%
n%t %''ur-
4*& Insulati%n s/all be pr%)i*e* i+ ne'essary t% ensure t/at t/e temperature %+ t/e ,el* an* t/e HAU is n%t
less t/an t/e temperature spe'i+ie* in t/e p@PS %r @PS- T/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e insulati%n s/all be su++i'ient t%
ensure t/at t/e material temperature at t/e e*(e %+ t/e insulati%n is less t/an #00]-
4*2 T/e rate %+ /eatin( +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels ab%)e #00] s/all n%t e:'ee* ==00It E Z /
1
an* t/e
rate %+ '%%lin( ,/ile ab%)e #00] s/all n%t e:'ee* >F<=It ] Z /
1
,it/ t e:presse* in mm- Durin( /eatin( an*
'%%lin( at temperatures ab%)e #00] t/e temperature )ariati%n s/all n%t e:'ee* #=
]
in any ,el* len(t/ %+
1000 mm-
T/e /%l*in( time at temperature s/%ul* be minimum #0 minutes W"-= minutes per mm t/i'&ness- !el%, #00]
t/e '%%lin( may ta&e pla'e in still air-
4*: T/e /%l*in( temperature +%r -6n l%, all%y steels s/%ul* be ,it/in =F0] t% >"0] unless %t/er,ise
spe'i+ie* %r re'%mmen*e* by t/e materialI,el*in( '%nsumable supplier- T/e ma:imum P@HT temperature
+%r 2uen'/e* an* tempere* l%, all%y steels s/all be "=] less t/an t/e temperin( temperature %+ t/e material
as state* in t/e material 'erti+i'ate-
4)* T/e /eat treatment temperature 'y'le '/arts s/all be a)ailable +%r )eri+i'ati%n i+ re2ueste*-
4)) F%r materials %t/er t/an -6n an* l%, all%y steels t/e P@HT /eatin( an* '%%lin( rates. temperature.
an* /%l*in( time s/all be as re'%mmen*e* by t/e material manu+a'turer-
G #** Wel"ing !+ (i(eline gir%h 1el"s
Production welding
#*) T/ese re2uirements apply t% ,el*in( %+ (irt/ ,el*s in pipelines re(ar*less %+ ,/et/er t/e ,el*s are ma*e
%nb%ar* a layin( )essel %r at %t/er l%'ati%ns. %ns/%re %r %++s/%re- 3irt/ ,el*s in e:pansi%n l%%ps. pipe strin(s
+%r reelin( %r t%,in( an* tie-in ,el*s are '%nsi*ere* as pipeline (irt/ ,el*s-
#*4 T/e type %+ ,el*in( e2uipment an* t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure s/all be 2uali+ie* pri%r t% installati%n ,el*in(-
#*8 In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements (i)en in 3100 an* 3"00. t/e re2uirements bel%, s/all apply +%r
pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s-
#*4 !e)els s/all be prepare* by ma'/inin(- !e)ellin( by t/ermal 'uttin( s/all be per+%rme* %nly ,/en
be)ellin( by ma'/inin( is n%t +easible e-(- +%r tie-in an* similar situati%ns- !e)els prepare* by t/ermal 'uttin(
s/all be *resse* t% %btain t/e +inal '%n+i(urati%n- T/e be)ellin( %perat%r s/all '/e'& t/e be)el '%n+i(urati%n
+%r '%mplian'e ,it/ suitable t%%ls %r (au(es at re(ular inter)als-
#*# @/en ,el*s are t% be e:amine* by manual %r aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin(. re+eren'e mar&in( s/all be
ma*e %n b%t/ si*es %+ t/e G%int as a s'ribe* line ar%un* t/e pipe 'ir'um+eren'e- T/e re+eren'e mar&in( s/all be
at a uni+%rm an* &n%,n *istan'e +r%m t/e r%%t +a'e %+ t/e be)el preparati%n- T/e *istan'e +r%m t/e r%%t +a'e
an* t/e t%leran'es s/all be establis/e*. See als% Appen*i: E. !10F an* !1000-
#*5 All pipes s/all be 'leane* %n t/e insi*e t% rem%)e any an* all +%rei(n matters an* *ep%sits in a''%r*an'e
,it/ a *%'umente* pr%'e*ure-
#*& F%r S-lay ,el*in(. l%n(itu*inal ,el*s s/%ul* be l%'ate* in t/e t%p 2ua*rant-
#*2 T/e l%n(itu*inal ,el*s s/all be sta((ere* at least =0 mm- Installati%n (irt/ ,el*s s/%ul* be separate* at
least 1-= pipe *iameters %r =00 mm. ,/i'/e)er is lar(er- F%r tie-in ,el*s. b%t/ ab%)e seabe* an* /yperbari'.
(irt/ ,el*s s/all be separate* by t/e ma:imum p%ssible *istan'e-
#*: E:'essi)e misali(nment may be '%rre'te* by /y*rauli' %r s're, type 'lamps- Hammerin( %r /eatin( +%r
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &46
'%rre'ti%n %+ misali(nment is n%t permitte*- R%%t (aps s/all be e)en ar%un* t/e 'ir'um+eren'e- T/e +inal +it-
up s/all be '/e'&e* ,it/ spa'er t%%ls pri%r t% en(a(in( line-up 'lamps %r ta'& ,el*in(-
#)* T/e use %+ mitre ,el*s t% '%rre't an(ular misali(nment %+ m%re t/an # *e(rees is n%t permitte*- A series
%+ up t% # *e(rees misali(nments are n%t all%,e* t% +%rm a ben*-
#)) P%,er %perate* internal line-up 'lamps s/all be use* ,/ene)er p%ssible-
Internal line-up 'lamps s/all n%t be release* unless t/e pipe is +ully supp%rte* %n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e G%int-
E:ternal line-up 'lamps s/all n%t be rem%)e* unless t/e pipe is +ully supp%rte* %n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e G%int an*
n%t be+%re t/e '%mplete* parts %+ t/e r%%t pass meet t/e re2uirements t% len(t/ %+ ea'/ se'ti%n. t/e spa'in( %+
t/e se'ti%ns. t/e number %+ se'ti%ns an* t/e per'enta(e %+ 'ir'um+eren'e re2uire* by t/e @PS-
#)4 Bine-up 'lamps s/%ul* n%t be rem%)e* be+%re t/e +irst t,% passes are '%mplete*- F%r sp%%l base ,el*in(
t/e internal line up 'lamps may be rem%)e* a+ter '%mpletin( r%%t pass ,/en pipe is supp%rte* by r%llers t%
ensure a sm%%t/ trans+er +r%m stati%n t% stati%n- Re+eren'e is (i)en t% Se'-10 E"0# re(ar*in( m%)in( %+ pipe
*urin( installati%n ,el*in(-
#)8 I+ 'ables are present insi*e t/e pipeline. e-(- bu'&le *ete't%r 'ables. an* ra*i%(rap/i' testin( is use*. t/e
starts an* st%ps s/all be ma*e a,ay +r%m t/e si: %N'l%'& p%siti%n t% a)%i* mas&in( %+ starts an* st%ps %n
ra*i%(rap/s-
#)4 %pper '%nta't tips an* ba'&in( strips s/all be '/e'&e* %n a re(ular basis +%r *ama(e t/at '%ul*
intr%*u'e '%pper '%ntaminati%n in ,el*s- Dama(e* '%nta't tips an* ba'&in( strips s/all be repla'e*-
#)# Pr%'e*ures s/all be establis/e* +%r pre-'leanin(. in pr%'ess 'leanin( an* p%st 'leanin( %+ ,el*s-
#)5 I+ a pipe is t% be 'ut +%r any reas%n. t/e 'ut s/all be at a minimum *istan'e %+ "= mm +r%m t/e ,el* t%e-
It is a''eptable t% 'ut less t/an "= mm pr%)i*in( it 'an be *%'umente* by ma'r%(rap/ t/at t/e entire HAU /as
been rem%)e*-
#)& T/e r%%t an* t/e +irst +iller pass s/all be '%mplete* at t/e +irst ,el*in( stati%n be+%re m%)in( t/e pipe-
6%)in( t/e pipe at an earlier sta(e may be permitte* i+ an analysis *em%nstrates t/at t/e pipe 'an be m%)e*
,it/%ut any ris& %+ intr%*u'in( *ama(e t% t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal- F%r sp%%l base ,el*in( t/e pipe may be
m%)e* a+ter '%mpletin( r%%t pass ,/en pipe is supp%rte* by r%llers t% ensure a sm%%t/ trans+er +r%m stati%n t%
stati%n- See Se'-10 E"0#-
Repair welding
#)2 In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements (i)en in 3#00 t/e bel%, re2uirements s/all apply +%r repair ,el*in( %+
pipeline (irt/ ,el*s-
#): F%r t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repairs ,/ere t/e *e+e'ts t% be repaire* are less t/an 100 mm apart. t/ey s/all be
'%nsi*ere* an* repaire* as %ne '%ntinu%us *e+e't-
#4* T/e l%'ati%n %+ repair %+ burn t/r%u(/ an* %t/er in pr%'ess r%%t repairs s/all be mar&e* %n t/e %utsi*e %+
t/e pipe t% in+%rm NDT pers%nnel t/at a r%%t repair /as been ma*e-
#4) I+ t/e pipe an* t/e area %+ repair is n%t e:p%se* t% ben*in( an*I%r a:ial stresses at t/e repair l%'ati%n ,/en
per+%rmin( a repair. t/e len(t/ %+ a repair e:'a)ati%n s/all n%t e:'ee* #0L %+ t/e pipe 'ir'um+eren'e +%r partial
penetrati%n repairs an* "0L %+ t/e pipe 'ir'um+eren'e +%r t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repairs-
#44 B%n( *e+e'ts may re2uire repair in se)eral steps t% a)%i* yiel*in( an* 'ra'&in(- T/e ma:imum len(t/ %+
all%,able repair steps s/all be 'al'ulate* base* %n t/e ma:imum stresses present in t/e G%int *urin( t/e repair
%perati%n. an* s/all n%t e:'ee* F0L %+ S6RS-
#48 I+ t/e repair is per+%rme* at a l%'ati%n ,/ere t/e pipe an* t/e area %+ repair is e:p%se* t% ben*in( an*
a:ial stresses t/e all%,able len(t/ %+ t/e repair e:'a)ati%n s/all be *etermine* by 'al'ulati%ns. see Se'-10 E"0"
an* E"0#-
#44 I+ repairs 'an n%t be e:e'ute* a''%r*in( t% t/e re2uirements ab%)e. %r are n%t per+%rme* su''ess+ully.
t/e ,el* s/all be 'ut %ut-
#4# Full re'%r*s %+ all repairs. in'lu*in( in-pr%'ess r%%t repairs. s/all be maintaine*-
Production tests
#45 Pr%*u'ti%n tests s/all be per+%rme* in a manner ,/i'/. as +ar as p%ssible. repr%*u'es t/e a'tual ,el*in(.
an* '%)ers t/e ,el*in( %+ a su++i'ient lar(e pipe se'ti%n in t/e rele)ant p%siti%n- All ,el*in( stati%ns %n t/e
pr%*u'ti%n line s/all be use* t% pr%*u'e t/e pr%*u'ti%n test ,el*- Pr%*u'ti%n ,el*s 'ut %ut *ue t% NDT +ailure
may be use*-
#4& Pr%*u'ti%n tests s/%ul* be per+%rme* +%r ea'/ @el*in( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%n C@PS4 use* +%r ,el*in(
%+ t/e pipeline (irt/ ,el*s- All ,el*in( stati%nsIpr%*u'ti%ns lines s/all be '%)ere*- Pr%*u'ti%n tests s/%ul* be
per+%rme* as early as p%ssible in t/e '%nstru'ti%n p/ase. e-(- ,it/in t/e +irst 100 ,el*s-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &5%
G'i"ance n!%eF
Pr%*u'ti%n tests als% applies t% ,el*in( %ns/%re +%r e-(- installati%n by reelin(- Pr%*u'ti%n tests may als% be
per+%rme* %n t/e )essel pri%r t% start installati%n ,el*in(. e-(- ,/en t/e )essel is m%)in( t% t/e pipelayin( start
*estinati%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#42 Pr%*u'ti%n tests s/%ul* n%t be re2uire* +%r ,el*in( pr%'e*ures 2uali+ie* spe'i+i'ally +%r tie-in ,el*s.
+lan(e ,el*s. Tee-pie'e ,el*s et'-
#4: T/e e:tent %+ pr%*u'ti%n tests s/all be e:pan*e* i+0
1 t/e %ntra't%r /as limite* pre)i%us e:perien'e ,it/ t/e ,el*in( e2uipment an* ,el*in( met/%*s use*
1 t/e ,el*in( inspe'ti%n per+%rme* is +%un* t% be ina*e2uate
1 se)ere *e+e'ts %''ur repeate*ly
1 any %t/er in'i*ent in*i'ates ina*e2uate ,el*in( per+%rman'e
1 t/e installe* pipeline is n%t subGe'te* t% system pressure testin(. see Se'-= !"0"-
#8* T/e e:tent %+ pr%*u'ti%n testin( s/all be '%nsistent ,it/ t/e inspe'ti%n an* test re(ime an* p/il%s%p/y
%+ t/e pipeline pr%Ge't-
#8) Pr%*u'ti%n tests s/all be subGe't t% t/e n%n-*estru'ti)e. ma'r%. /ar*ness. all ,el* tensile. /arpy V-
n%t'/ +ra'ture t%u(/ness C,/en appli'able4 testin( as re2uire* in Appen*i: +%r @el*in( Pr%'e*ure
5uali+i'ati%n Testin( C@P5T4-
#84 I+ pr%*u'ti%n tests s/%, una''eptable results. appr%priate '%rre'ti)e an* pre)entati)e a'ti%ns s/all be
initiate* an* t/e e:tent %+ pr%*u'ti%n testin( s/all be in'rease*-
G 5** Wel"ing an" 9WHT !+ (i(eline c!$(!nen%s
5*) T/e 6anu+a'turer s/all be 'apable %+ pr%*u'in( pipeline '%mp%nents %+ t/e re2uire* 2uality-
5*4 @el*in( an* P@HT s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 3100 t/r%u(/ 3;00 ab%)e-
5*8 Pr%*u'ti%n tests s/all be per+%rme* in a manner ,/i'/. as +ar as p%ssible. repr%*u'es t/e a'tual ,el*in(.
an* '%)ers t/e ,el*in( %+ a su++i'ient lar(e test se'ti%n in t/e rele)ant p%siti%n- All ,el*in( stati%ns %n t/e
pr%*u'ti%n line s/all be use* t% pr%*u'e t/e pr%*u'ti%n test ,el*- Pr%*u'ti%n ,el*s 'ut %ut *ue t% NDT +ailure
may be use*-
H. Ma%erial an" 9r!cess S(eci+ic Re<'ire$en%s
H )** ;n%ernall7 cla"Hline" car6!n s%eel an" "'(le, s%ainless s%eel
6PS
)*) In a**iti%n t% t/e appli'able *ata (i)en in Table -1. t/e @PS s/all spe'i+y t/e +%ll%,in(. as re'%r*e*
*urin( t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n0
1 t/e minimum time peri%* %+ ba'&in( (as appli'ati%n pri%r t% start %+ ,el*in(
1 t/e minimum time peri%* %+ ba'&in( (as appli'ati%n *urin( ,el*in(
1 t/e minimum time peri%* %+ ba'&in( (as appli'ati%n a+ter ,el*in(
1 *es'ripti%n %+ t/e ba'&-pur(e *am type an* met/%*-
!ssential variables
)*4 T/e +%ll%,in( essential )ariables s/all apply in a**iti%n t% t/%se in Table -"0
1 any re*u'ti%n %+ t/e time %+ ba'&in( (as appli'ati%n pri%r t% start %+ ,el*in(
1 any re*u'ti%n in t/e number %+ passes '%mplete* be+%re st%ppin( ba'&-pur(in(-
6elding consumables for clad/lined carbon steel
)*8 F%r sin(le si*e* C+iel*4 G%ints. t/e same type %+ ,el*in( '%nsumable s/%ul* be use* +%r all passes nee*e*
t% '%mplete t/e G%int- Alternati)e ,el*in( '%nsumables may be '%nsi*ere* +%r +ill an* 'appin( passes a+ter
*ep%sitin( a ,el* t/i'&ness n%t less t/an " times t/i'&ness %+ t/e 'la**in(Ilinin(- T/e alternati)e ,el*in(
'%nsumables s/all be *%'umente* t% be '%mpatible ,it/ t/e ,el*in( '%nsumables use* +%r t/e r%%t area. t/e
base material an* t/e appli'able ser)i'e '%n*iti%ns- @el*in( '%nsumables +%r 'la*Ilinin( s/all be se(re(ate*
+r%m '%nsumables +%r -6n steel-
6elding consumables for duple" steel
)*4 @el*in( '%nsumables ,it/ en/an'e* ni'&el an* nitr%(en '%ntent s/all be use* unless +ull /eat treatment
a+ter ,el*in( is per+%rme*- Su++i'ient a**iti%n %+ material +r%m t/e ,el*in( '%nsumables is essential +%r
,el*in( %+ t/e r%%t pass an* t/e t,% subse2uent passes- @el*in( '%nsumables s/all be se(re(ate* +r%m
'%nsumables +%r -6n steel-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &5$
-ac.ing and shielding gases
)*# !a'&in( an* s/iel*in( (ases s/all n%t '%ntain /y*r%(en an* s/all /a)e a *e, p%int n%t /i(/er t/an -#0]-
T/e %:y(en '%ntent %+ t/e ba'&in( (as s/%ul* be less t/an 0-1L *urin( ,el*in( %+ t/e r%%t pass- !a'&in( (as
s/all be use* +%r ,el*in( %+ r%%t pass an* su''ee*in( passes- CE:'epti%n +r%m t/is re2uirement may be tie-in
,el*s ,/en sti'& ele'tr%*es are use* +%r r%%t bea* ,el*in(. subGe't t% a(reement-4
Production
)*5 @el*in( %+ 'la*Iline* 'arb%n steel an* *uple: stainless steel may be per+%rme* by t/e ,el*in( pr%'esses
liste* in A"00- T/e ,el*in( s/all be *%uble si*e* ,/ene)er p%ssible- @el*in( %+ t/e r%%t pass in sin(le si*e*
G%ints ,ill (enerally re2uire ,el*in( ,it/ 3as Tun(sten Ar' @el*in( C3TA@ I 1;14 %r 3as 6etal Ar' @el*in(
C36A@ I 1#=4-
)*& Ons/%re +abri'ati%n %+ 'la*Iline* 'arb%n steel an* *uple: stainless steel s/all be per+%rme* in a
,%r&s/%p. %r part t/ere%+. ,/i'/ is reser)e* e:'lusi)ely +%r t/is type %+ material- Durin( all sta(es %+
manu+a'turin(. '%ntaminati%n %+ RA an* *uple: steel ,it/ 'arb%n steel an* Jin' s/all be a)%i*e*- Dire't
'%nta't %+ t/e RA ,it/ 'arb%n steel %r (al)anise* /an*lin( e2uipment Ce-(- /%%&s. belts. r%lls. et'-4 s/all be
a)%i*e*- T%%ls su'/ as eart/in( 'lamps. brus/es et'. s/all be stainless steel suitable +%r ,%r&in( %n type %+
material in 2uesti%n an* n%t pre)i%usly use* +%r 'arb%n steel- %ntaminati%n %+ ,el* be)els an* surr%un*in(
areas ,it/ ir%n an* l%, meltin( p%int metals su'/ as '%pper. Jin'. et'- is n%t a''eptable- T/e (rin*in( ,/eels
s/all n%t /a)e pre)i%usly been use* +%r 'arb%n steel- Parts %+ internal line-up 'lamps t/at '%me in '%nta't ,it/
t/e material s/all be n%n-metalli' %r %+ a similar all%y as t/e internal pipe sur+a'e- T/ermal 'uttin( s/all be
limite* t% plasma ar' 'uttin(-
)*2 T/e ,el* be)el s/all be prepare* by millin( %r %t/er a(ree* ma'/inin( met/%*s- T/e ,el* be)el an* t/e
internal an* e:ternal pipe sur+a'e up t% a *istan'e %+ at least "= mm +r%m t/e be)els s/all be t/%r%u(/ly 'leane*
,it/ an %r(ani' s%l)ent-
)*: @el*in( '%nsumables s/all be se(re(ate* +r%m '%nsumables +%r -6n I l%, all%y steels-
))* T/e ba'&in( (as '%mp%siti%n s/all be m%nit%re* usin( an %:y(en analyser imme*iately pri%r t% startin(
%r re-startin( ,el*in(- T/e +l%, rate %+ t/e ba'& pur(e (as s/all be a*Guste* t% pre)ent (as turbulen'e an*
p%ssible air entrainment t/r%u(/ %pen ,el* seams-
))) Inter-run 'leanin( s/all be by (rin*in( t% bri(/t. *e+e't +ree material +%r all passes-
))4 Internal /i(/-l%, %+ 'la*Iline* pipes s/all n%t e:'ee* 1 mm unless %t/er,ise 2uali+ie* %r i+ t/e 'la**in(
at pipe en*s /as a t/i'&ness in'rease all%,in( lar(er misali(nment- In any 'ase t/e internal /i(/-l%, s/all n%t
re*u'e t/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e RA bel%, t/e spe'i+ie* t/i'&ness- Internal /i(/-l%, %+ *uple: stainless steel
linepipe s/all n%t e:'ee*e* " mm %r 1L %+ t/e pipe internal *iameter. ,/i'/e)er is less. unless %t/er,ise
2uali+ie*-
))8 @el*s s/all be multipass an* per+%rme* in a '%ntinu%us %perati%n-
))4 T/e interpass temperature s/all be measure* *ire'tly ,/ere a ,el* run ,ill start an* terminate- T/e ,el*
J%ne s/all be &ept bel%, t/e ma:imum interpass temperature be+%re a ,el*in( run is starte*- 8nless p%st ,el*
/eat treatment is per+%rme*. t/e ma:imum interpass temperature s/all n%t e:'ee* 1=0] +%r all RAs-
))# @/en 'la*Iline* -6n linepipe is 'ut an*I%r re-be)elle* a laminati%n '/e'& by t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness
ultras%ni' testin( an* *ye penetrant testin( %n t/e be)el +a'e s/all be per+%rme*- I+ a laminar *is'%ntinuity is
*ete'te* %n t/e be)el +a'e t/e 'la**in(Iliner s/all be rem%)e* an* a seal ,el* s/all be %)erlay ,el*e* at t/e
pipe en*-
)dditional for welding of duple" steel
))5 T/e /eat input must be '%ntr%lle* t% a)%i* *etrimental ,el* '%%lin( rates- F%r %ptimum '%ntr%l %+ t/e
/eat input +aster ,el*in( spee*s an* ass%'iate* /i(/er ,el*in( 'urrent s/%ul* be use*- Strin(er bea*s s/all be
use* t% ensure a '%nstant /eat input. an* any ,ea)in( %+ t/e ,el* bea* s/%ul* be limite* t% ma:imum #P +iller
,ireIele'tr%*e *iameter- F%r (irt/ ,el*s t/e /eat input s/%ul* be &ept ,it/in t/e ran(e 0-= - 1-F &7Imm an*
a)%i*in( t/e /i(/er /eat input +%r small ,all t/i'&nesses- F%r ,all t/i'&ness _ "= mm an* pr%)i*e* p%st ,el*
/eat treatment Cs%luti%n annealin(4 is per+%rme* a ma:imum /eat input %+ "-; &7Imm is a''eptable- F%r t/e r%%t
pass t/e /eat input s/all be /i(/er t/an +%r se'%n* pass- F%r SA@ ,el*in( small *iameter ,ire an* m%*est
,el*in( parameters C/i(/ tra)el spee* an* l%, ar' ener(y4 s/all be use*- T/e *ept/ t% ,i*t/ rati% %+ t/e ,el*
*ep%sit s/all be less t/an 1-0-
))& S%luti%n annealin( p%st ,el* /eat treatment s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 2uali+ie* /eat
treatment pr%'e*ure-
))2 E:'a)ati%n %+ repair (r%%)es s/all be by '/ippin(. (rin*in( %r ma'/inin(- Air-ar' (%u(in( s/all n%t be
use*- Entire ,el*s s/all be rem%)e* by plasma 'uttin( %r ma'/inin(- Repeate* repairs are n%t permitte*-
)): All %perati%ns *urin( ,el*in( s/all be 'arrie* %ut ,it/ a*e2uate e2uipment an*I%r in a pr%te'te*
en)ir%nment t% a)%i* 'arb%n steel '%ntaminati%n %+ t/e '%rr%si%n resistant material- Pr%'e*ures +%r
e:aminati%n %+ sur+a'es an* rem%)al %+ any '%ntaminati%n s/all be prepare*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &5&
H 4** )8Cr Mar%ensi%ic s%ainless s%eel
6PS and essential variables
4*) T/e a**iti%nal *ata +%r t/e @PS an* t/e essential )ariables (i)en in H101 an* H10" als% applies t% 1#r
martensiti' stainless steels-
6elding consumables
4*4 T/e re2uirements t% ba'&in( an* s/iel*in( (ases in H10= als% apply t% 1#r 6SS-
Production
4*8 @el*in( %+ 1#r 6SS may be per+%rme* by t/e ,el*in( pr%'esses liste* in A"00. e:'ept a'ti)e (as
s/iel*e* met/%*s- T/e ,el*in( s/all be *%uble si*e* ,/ene)er p%ssible-
4*4 Durin( all sta(es '%ntaminati%n %+ 1#r 6SS ,it/ 'arb%n steel an* Jin' s/all be a)%i*e*- Dire't '%nta't
,it/ 'arb%n steel %r (al)anise* /an*lin( e2uipment Ce-(- /%%&s. belts. r%lls. et'-4 s/all be a)%i*e*- T%%ls su'/
as eart/in( 'lamps. brus/es et'-. s/all be stainless steel suitable +%r ,%r&in( %n type %+ material in 2uesti%n an*
n%t pre)i%usly use* +%r 'arb%n steel- %ntaminati%n %+ ,el* be)els an* surr%un*in( areas ,it/ ir%n an* l%,
meltin( p%int metals su'/ as '%pper. Jin'. et'- is n%t a''eptable- T/e (rin*in( s/all n%t /a)e pre)i%usly been
use* +%r 'arb%n steel- Parts %+ internal line-up 'lamps t/at '%me in '%nta't ,it/ t/e material s/all be n%n-
metalli' %r %+ a similar all%y as t/e internal pipe sur+a'e- T/ermal 'uttin( s/all be limite* t% plasma ar' 'uttin(-
4*# T/e ,el* be)el s/all be prepare* by millin( %r %t/er a(ree* ma'/inin( met/%*s- T/e ,el* be)el an* t/e
internal an* e:ternal pipe sur+a'e up t% a *istan'e %+ at least "= mm +r%m t/e be)els s/all be t/%r%u(/ly 'leane*
,it/ an %r(ani' s%l)ent-
4*5 @el*in( '%nsumables s/all be se(re(ate* +r%m '%nsumables +%r -6n steel-
4*& T/e ba'&in( (as '%mp%siti%n s/all be m%nit%re* usin( an %:y(en analyser imme*iately pri%r t% startin(
%r re-startin( ,el*in(- are s/all be ta&en t% a*Gust t/e +l%, rate %+ t/e ba'& pur(e (as t% pre)ent (as turbulen'e
an* p%ssible air entrainment t/r%u(/ %pen ,el* seams-
4*2 T/e interpass temperature s/all be measure* *ire'tly at t/e p%ints ,/ere a ,el*in( run ,ill start an*
terminate- T/e ,el* J%ne s/all be bel%, t/e ma:imum interpass temperature be+%re a ,el*in( run is starte*-
T/e ma:imum interpass temperature s/all n%t e:'ee* 1=0
%
-
4*: P@HT Ce-(- = minutes at >#0
%
4 s/%ul* be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e P@HT pr%'e*ure
2uali+ie* *urin( ,el*in( 2uali+i'ati%n-
4)* E:'a)ati%n %+ repair (r%%)es s/all be by '/ippin(. (rin*in( %r ma'/inin(- Air-ar' (%u(in( s/all n%t be
use*- Entire ,el*s s/all be rem%)e* by plasma 'uttin( %r ma'/inin(-
4)) All %perati%ns *urin( ,el*in( s/all be 'arrie* %ut ,it/ a*e2uate e2uipment an*I%r in a pr%te'te*
en)ir%nment t% a)%i* 'arb%n steel '%ntaminati%n %+ t/e '%rr%si%n resistant material- Pr%'e*ures +%r
e:aminati%n %+ sur+a'es an* rem%)al %+ any '%ntaminati%n s/all be prepare*-
H 8** 9in 6raCing an" al'$in!%her$ic 1el"ing
8*) An%*e lea*s may be atta'/e* by pin braJin( %r alumin%t/ermi' ,el*in( a''%r*in( t% 2uali+ie*
pr%'e*ures in'lu*in( +ull *etails %+ t/e te'/ni2ue use* an* ass%'iate* e2uipment-
8ualification of operators
8*4 Operat%rs t/at /a)e per+%rme* a 2uali+ie* pr%'e*ure test are t/ereby 2uali+ie*-
8*8 Ot/er %perat%rs s/all pri%r t% 'arryin( %ut %perati%n ,%r&. ea'/ '%mplete t/ree test pie'es ma*e in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n un*er realisti' '%n*iti%ns- Ea'/ test pie'e s/all pass t/e test +%r
ele'tri'al resistan'e an* me'/ani'al stren(t/ a''%r*in( t% Table -> an* F=00-
!ssential variables
8*4 Essential )ariables +%r pin braJin( an* alumin%t/ermi' ,el*in( s/all be0
-ase material grade and chemical composition:
1 a '/an(e in (ra*e
1 a '/an(e in t/e supply '%n*iti%n CT6P. 5IT %r n%rmalise*4
1 any in'rease in P
'm
%+ m%re t/an 0-0". E %+ m%re t/an 0-0# an* '%ntent %+ m%re t/an 0-0"L +%r -6n
linepipe-
&or both methods a change in:
1 'able *imensi%n
1 pr%'ess CbraJin( %r alumin%t/ermi' ,el*in(4
1 ma&e. type an* m%*el %+ e2uipment
1 met/%* +%r 'leanin( an* preparati%n %+ 'able en*s an* 'able atta'/ment area-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &5'
&or )luminothermic welding a change in:
1 type. 'lassi+i'ati%n an* bran* %+ start an* ,el*in( p%,*er
1 type. ma&e an* m%*el %+ %t/er '%nsumables
1 )%lume C'artri*(e. pa'&a(in( type4 an* type %+ start an* ,el*in( p%,*er t/at ,ill '/an(e t/e /eat input by
m%re t/an [ 1=L-
&or Pin bra,ing a change in:
1 type. '%mp%siti%n. ma&e an* m%*el %+ pin +%r pin braJin(
1 t/e minimum pre/eat %r ,%r&in( temperature
1 ran(e %+ e2uipment settin(s +%r pin braJin(
1 t/e e2uipment eart/ '%nne'ti%n area-
Production re*uirements for welding/bra,ing of anode leads
8*# T/e an%*e 'able atta'/ments s/all be l%'ate* at least 1=0 mm a,ay +r%m any ,el*-
8*5 F%r 'able preparati%n 'able 'utters s/all be use*- T/e insulati%n s/all be strippe* +%r t/e last =0 mm %+
t/e 'able t% be atta'/e*- T/e '%n*u't%r '%re s/all be 'lean. bri(/t an* *ry- 3reasy an* %ily '%n*u't%r '%res
s/all be 'leane* ,it/ resi*ue +ree s%l)ent %r *ippe* in m%lten s%l*er- %rr%*e* '%n*u't%r '%res s/all be 'leane*
t% bri(/t metal ,it/ brus/ %r %t/er means- @et '%n*u't%r '%res s/all be *rie* by rapi* *ryin( resi*ue +ree
s%l)ent. al'%/%l %r /an* t%r'/-
8*& T/e 'able atta'/ment area. an* +%r pin braJin( als% t/e e2uipment eart/ '%nne'ti%n area. s/all be 'leane*
+%r an area %+ minimum =0 mm ==0 mm- All mill s'ale. rust. (rease. paint. primer. '%rr%si%n '%atin(. an* *irt
s/all be rem%)e* an* t/e sur+a'e prepare* t% +inis/in( *e(ree St # a''%r*in( t% ISO F=01-1- T/e sur+a'e s/all
be bri(/t. 'lean an* *ry ,/en ,el*in(IbraJin( is starte*-
Production testing
8*2 Ea'/ ,el*e*IbraJe* an%*e lea* s/all be subGe'te* t% ele'tri'al resistan'e test an* me'/ani'al stren(t/
test a''%r*in( t% Table -> ,it/ a''eptan'e 'riteria a''%r*in( t% F=00-
Repair of welded/bra,ed anode leads
8*: @el*e*IbraJe* an%*e lea*s n%t meetin( t/e re2uirements in F=00 s/all be rem%)e* an* t/e a++e'te* area
s/all be rem%)e* by (rin*in(-
8)* F%r ,el*e*IbraJe* an%*e lea*s t/at are atta'/e* *ire'tly %nt% pressure '%ntainin( parts t/e (r%un* areas
s/all blen* sm%%t/ly int% t/e surr%un*in( material- %mplete rem%)al %+ *e+e'ts s/all be )eri+ie* by l%'al
)isual inspe'ti%n an* p%lis/in( an* et'/in( t% '%n+irm rem%)al %+ '%pper penetrati%n- T/e remainin( ,all
t/i'&ness in t/e (r%un* area s/all be '/e'&e* by ultras%ni' ,all t/i'&ness measurements t% )eri+y t/at t/e
t/i'&ness %+ t/e remainin( material is m%re t/an t/e spe'i+ie* minimum- Imper+e'ti%ns t/at en'r%a'/ %n t/e
minimum permissible ,all t/i'&ness s/all be 'lassi+ie* as *e+e'ts-
;. H7(er6aric Dr7 Wel"ing
; )** General
)*) 8n*er,ater ,el*in( %n pressure '%ntainin( '%mp%nents +%r /y*r%'arb%ns s/all be 'arrie* %ut utilisin(
a l%, /y*r%(en pr%'ess. in a '/amber C/abitat4 ,/ere t/e ,ater /as been *ispla'e*- Ot/er met/%*s 'an be use*
%n n%n-pressure '%ntainin( '%mp%nents subGe't t% spe'ial a''eptan'e by Pur'/aser-
)*4 All rele)ant ,el*in( parameters s/all be m%nit%re* an* re'%r*e* at t/e sur+a'e '%ntr%l stati%n un*er
super)isi%n by a ,el*in( '%-%r*inat%r- T/e ,el*in( area s/all /a)e '%ntinu%us '%mmuni'ati%n ,it/ t/e '%ntr%l
stati%n- All %perati%ns in'lu*in( ,el*in( s/all be m%nit%re* by a )i*e% system t/at 'an be rem%tely '%ntr%lle*
+r%m t/e '%ntr%l stati%n-
; 4** E'ali+ica%i!n an" %es%ing !+ 1el"ing (ers!nnel +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
1yperbaric welding co(ordinator
4*) T/e ,el*in( '%-%r*inat%r +%r /yperbari' *ry ,el*in( s/all /a)e a*e2uate e:perien'e ,it/ ,el*in(
pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n an* %++s/%re %perati%ns +%r t/e /yperbari' ,el*in( an* ,el*in( relate* system use*-
4*4 T/e ,el*in( '%-%r*inat%r s/all. ,/en appli'able. /a)e '%mplete* t/e trainin( pr%(ramme re2uire* +%r
me'/anise* ,el*in( re2uire* in I"0; t% I"0>-
6elders for hyperbaric welding
4*8 Pri%r t% 2uali+i'ati%n testin( +%r un*er,ater C/yperbari'4 *ry ,el*in( %+ (irt/ ,el*s. ,el*ers s/all /a)e
passe* a ,el*in( test +%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s as spe'i+ie* in !"00 ab%)e-
Training programme
4*4 T/e /yperbari' ,el*ers s/all be in+%rme* %n all aspe'ts %+ t/e ,%r& relate* t% t/e ,el*in( %perati%n. t/e
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &51
2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ures. t/e appli'able te'/ni'al spe'i+i'ati%ns an* lay%ut %+ t/e ,el*in( an* /abitat system-
4*# Hyperbari' ,el*ers s/all re'ei)e a trainin( pr%(ramme an* pass an e:aminati%n up%n '%mpleti%n %+ t/e
pr%(ramme- T/e trainin( pr%(ramme s/all be stru'ture* a''%r*in( t% Anne: ! %+ ISO 1=>1F-"-
4*5 In a**iti%n. +%r me'/anise* ,el*in( t/e trainin( pr%(ramme s/all in'lu*e0
1 s%+t,are stru'ture %+ ,el*in( pr%(ramme an* l%a*in( %+ any ,el*in( pr%(ramme pri%r t% start %+ ,el*in(
1 per+%rm a '%mplete butt ,el*. +r%m pr%(rammin( %+ t/e ,el*in( parameters t% ,el*in( %+ t/e 'ap passes
1 repair ,el*in(
1 *aily maintenan'e %+ t/e ,el*in( e2uipment
1 &n%,le*(e ab%ut t/e +un'ti%ns %+ t/e ,el*in( /ea*s an* /%, t% repla'e '%nsumables su'/ as ,el*in( ,ire.
'%nta't tubes. (as n%JJles an* tun(sten ele'tr%*es-
Test welding
4*& T/e /yperbari' ,el*ers s/all per+%rm a 2uali+i'ati%n test usin( ,el*in( e2uipment i*enti'al %r e2ual in
+un'ti%n t% t/e /yperbari' ,el*in( e2uipment use* +%r pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(-
4*2 T/e 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( +%r /yperbari' ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1=>1F-"-
8ualification testing of welders
4*: F%r ,el*er 2uali+i'ati%n +%r *ry /yperbari' ,el*in( %+ (irt/ ,el*s an* %t/er butt ,el* '%n+i(urati%ns t/e
test pie'es s/all be subGe't t% same t/e testin( an* a''eptan'e 'riteria as +%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s in !"00-
4)* A ,el*er is *eeme* 2uali+ie* +%r t/e appli'able ran(es %+ appr%)al state* in lause > %+ ISO 1=>1F-"
,/en t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements +%r inspe'ti%n an* testin( %+ test pie'es. as appli'able. are met0
1 100L )isual e:aminati%n an* 100L ultras%ni' testin( ,it/ test re2uirements an* a''eptan'e 'riteria in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D
1 ma'r%-e:aminati%n a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: !- T/e spe'imen s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ ISO 1=>1F-".
/apter F
1 i+ 100L ra*i%(rap/i' testin( ,it/ test re2uirements an* a''eptan'e 'riteria in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i:
D is per+%rme* in lieu %+ 100L ultras%ni' testin(. ben* testin( as re2uire* in ISO H>0> s/all be per+%rme*
+%r all ,el*in( pr%'esses-
Retesting
4)) See ISO 1=>1F-". /apter H-
Period of validity and prolongation
4)4 T/e peri%* %+ )ali*ity s/all be > m%nt/s. an* t/e pr%l%n(ati%n in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1=>1F-".
para(rap/ 10-"-
; 8** Wel"ing (r!cesses +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
8*) T/e all%,able ,el*in( pr%'esses are0
1 S6A@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1114
1 3-FA@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1#<4
1 36A@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1#14
1 3TA@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1;14-
; 4** Wel"ing c!ns'$a6les +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
4*) In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements (i)en in 100 t% ;00 t/e +%ll%,in( s/all apply0
1 '%nsumables s/%ul* be %+ a type t/at is teste* %r *e)el%pe* +%r *ry /yperbari' ,el*in( ,it/ respe't t% ar'
stability an* metal trans+er be/a)i%ur an* me'/ani'al pr%perties
1 pr%'e*ures +%r trans+er %+ '%nsumables t% t/e /yperbari' '/amber an* +%r '%nsumable /an*lin( in t/e
'/amber. in'lu*in( *isp%sal %+ unuse* e:p%se* '%nsumables- T/e pr%'e*ure s/all parti'ularly '%nsi*er t/e
ma:imum /umi*ity e:pe'te* *urin( pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(
1 all '%nsumables +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure s/all be +r%m t/e same bat'/. a '%nsumable
bat'/ bein( *e+ine* as t/e )%lume %+ pr%*u't i*enti+ie* by t/e supplier un*er %ne uni2ue bat'/Il%t number.
manu+a'ture* in %ne '%ntinu%us run +r%m bat'/Il%t '%ntr%lle* ra, materials-
; #** Shiel"ing an" 6ac0ing gases +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
#*) In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements (i)en in =00 t/e +%ll%,in( s/all apply0
1 t/e purity %+ s/iel*in( an* ba'&in( (ases s/all be HH-HH= +%r Ar an* HH-HH<L +%r He- T/e ma:imum
all%,able m%isture '%ntent in t/e (as use* in t/e a'tual ,el*in( is (%)erne* by t/e m%isture '%ntent %+ t/e
(as use* *urin( t/e 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in(-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &52
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e *e, p%int temperature at atm%sp/eri' pressure C1 bar4 is %+ten use* t% spe'i+y t/e upper le)el a''eptan'e 'riteria
+%r t/e m%isture '%ntent in s/iel*in( (ases- H%,e)er. +%r /yperbari' '%n*iti%ns. e)en a l%, *e,-p%int temperature Ce-(-
-#0] +%r an Ar(%n (as4 'an result in '%n*ensati%n %+ ,ater at t/e rele)ant ,%r&in( *ept/Ipressure an* temperature
Ce-(- at 1>= m at =]4- T/is means t/at t/e (as is saturate* ,it/ ,ater ,/en use* at t/is *ept/ an* '%n*ense* ,ater ,ill
be present at (reater *ept/s- In (eneral t/e a''eptan'e le)el +%r t/e ,ater '%ntent in t/e s/iel* (as must be spe'i+ie*
pre'isely- T/e use %+ SppmT al%ne is n%t su++i'ient- It must be relate* eit/er t% )%lume %r ,ei(/t %+ t/e (as-
It is t/e ,ater '%n'entrati%n in t/e (as at t/e ,%r&in( *ept/Ipressure ,/i'/ is essential- T/is 'an be spe'i+ie* as ,ei(/t
%+ t/e ,ater per )%lume unit Cm( H
"
OIm#4 %r partial pressure %+ t/e H
"
O Cmillibar H
"
O4-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
; 5** Wel"ing e<'i($en% an" s7s%e$s +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
5*) In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements (i)en in !100 t/e +%ll%,in( s/all apply unless t/e )%lta(e is measure*
at t/e ar' *urin( b%t/ 2uali+i'ati%n an* pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(0
1 @el*in( 'ables s/all /a)e t/e same *imensi%n an* appr%:imately t/e same resistan'e *urin( t/e ,el*in(
pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n an* pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(- I+ ne'essary arti+i'ial resistan'e t% simulate t/e +ull 'able
len(t/ use* in pr%*u'ti%n s/%ul* be use* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in(-
; &** Wel"ing (r!ce"'res +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
%ontents of p6PS
&*) A p@PS s/all be prepare* +%r ea'/ ,el*in( an* repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ure t/at ,ill be 2uali+ie* +%r use
*urin( ,el*in( %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s-
&*4 T/e p@PS s/all '%ntain t/e in+%rmati%n re2uire* +%r t/e appli'able ,el*in( pr%'esses. in'lu*in( any
ta'& ,el*s an* s/all be prepare* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Table -1 an* s/all pr%p%se limits an* ran(es +%r t/e
appli'able essential )ariables +%r ,el*in( an* repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures (i)en in Table -" an* Table -F-
&*8 In a**iti%n t/e p@PS s/all a**ress t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 )ent /%le. number %+ runs t% be *ep%site* be+%re 'l%sin( t/e r%%t an* met/%*s +%r 'l%sin( t/e r%%t
1 '%n*iti%ns +%r release %+ e:ternal line-up 'lamps in'lu*in( t/e per'enta(e %+ t/e 'ir'um+eren'e +%r t/e
,el*e* r%%t se'ti%ns. t/e len(t/ %+ ea'/ se'ti%n an* spa'in( %+ t/e se'ti%ns
1 ,ater *ept/ CminimumIma:imum4
1 pressure insi*e t/e '/amber
1 (as '%mp%siti%n insi*e t/e '/amber
1 /umi*ity. ma:imum le)el
1 temperature insi*e t/e '/amber CminimumIma:imum4
1 len(t/. type an* siJe %+ t/e ,el*in( umbili'al
1 p%siti%n +%r )%lta(e measurements
1 ,el*in( e2uipment-
&*4 T/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r 'l%sin( p%ssible )ent /%les s/all als% be 2uali+ie*- T/is 2uali+i'ati%n test
s/%ul* as a minimum in'lu*e impa't testin( %+ ,el* metal. FB. FBW". FBW=.ma'r%I/ar*ness testin( an* +%r
RA als% metall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n- T/e 2uali+i'ati%n may be per+%rme* as a Sbutterin(T test pr%)i*in(
'%nsi*erati%ns are ma*e t% startIst%p an* t/at a''ess limitati%ns +%r t/e a'tual pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( is simulate*-
!ssential variables
&*# T/e essential )ariables +%r /yperbari' *ry ,el*in( s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table -" ,it/ a**iti%nal
re2uirements a''%r*in( t% Table -F bel%,-
Ta6le C-2 A""i%i!nal essen%ial -aria6les +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
) 8ualified water depth for S$)6 and GT)6
<0
@ater *ept/ C@D4 in metres0
1 @D "00 m0 Any in'rease in e:'ess %+ W "0L %r 10 m %r ,/i'/e)er is (reater-
" "00 m M @D #00 m0 [ 10L
# #00 m M @D =00 m0 [ 10L
- 1abitat environment
3as '%mp%siti%n Car(%n. /eli%:.
air %r nitr%:4. an* /umi*ity
1 F%r ,ater *ept/ "00 m0 A '/an(e +r%m ar(%n %r /eli%: t% air %r nitr%: but n%t
)i'e )ersa
" F%r ,ater *ept/ _ "00 m0 Any '/an(e in (as '%mp%siti%n
# Any in'rease in relati)e /umi*ity +%r S6A@ an* 3-FA@ +lu: base* ,el*in(
pr%'esses %t/er,ise any in'rease in e:'ess %+ W 10L
% $onitoring of electrical parameters
6et/%* an* p%int %+ m%nit%rin( 1 Any '/an(e
N%te
14 F%r %t/er pr%'esses t/e *ept/ %+ 2uali+i'ati%n s/all be a(ree*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &53
; 2** E'ali+ica%i!n 1el"ing +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
2*) 5uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in t/e /abitat at a ,ater *ept/ sele'te* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e
inten*e* ran(e %+ 2uali+i'ati%n. %r un*er appr%priately simulate* '%n*iti%ns- T/e 2uali+i'ati%n test pr%(ram
s/all '%nsist %+ a minimum %+ %ne '%mplete* G%int +%r manual ,el*in(. an* a minimum %+ t/ree G%ints +%r
me'/anise* ,el*in( systems-
2*4 5uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all '%mply ,it/ E100 an* t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%ns0
1 +%r S6A@ ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* at t/e ma:imum e:pe'te* /umi*ity in t/e '/amber *urin(
pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(
1 t/e p%,er s%ur'e an* t/e te'/ni'al spe'i+i'ati%n +%r t/e ,el*in( system s/all be e2ui)alent t% t/e
pr%*u'ti%n system
1 t/e pipes s/all be ri(i*ly +i:e* t% simulate restraint *urin( ,el*in(
1 met/%* an* p%siti%nIp%int +%r m%nit%rin( %+ ele'tri'al parameters s/all be as +%r pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(
1 ,it/ in'reasin( pressure t/e )%lta(e (ra*ient ,ill in'rease- A''%r*in(ly may small '/an(es in ar' len(t/
an* %r %peratin( *ept/ result in '%nsi*erable '/an(es in t/e m%nit%re* )alues %+ ar' )%lta(e- F%r
'al'ulati%ns %+ t/e /eat input. t/e ar' )%lta(e s/all be re'%r*e* at t/e p%siti%nIp%int %+ ,el*in( *urin(
2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure an* t/e *i++eren'e bet,een t/ese )alues an* rem%te m%nit%re*
)alues re'%r*e* +%r use *urin( pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(-
Repair welding procedures
2*8 5uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements (i)en in E"00-
; :** E'ali+ica%i!n !+ 1el"ing (r!ce"'res +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
:*) T/e re2uirements (i)en in E#00 s/all apply-
; )*** E,a$ina%i!n an" %es%ing
)**) E:aminati%n an* testin( s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ F100. F"00 an* F#00-
; ))** 9r!"'c%i!n 1el"ing re<'ire$en%s +!r "r7 h7(er6aric 1el"ing
))*) In a**iti%n t% t/e appli'able re2uirements (i)en in 3. H100 an* H"00. t/e re2uirements bel%, s/all
apply +%r *ry /yperbari' pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(0
))*4 T/e /abitat s/all be %+ a*e2uate siJe t% all%, a''ess +%r ,el*in( an* +%r all ne'essary ,el*in(. sa+ety
an* li+e supp%rt e2uipment- Furt/er t/e /abitat s/all be li(/te* an* be +itte* ,it/ rem%te 'ameras +%r
sur)eillan'e- @el*in( +umes s/all n%t pre)ent t/e use %+ t/e rem%te 'ameras in t/e ,el*in( area-
))*8 A +un'ti%n test %+ t/e /abitat. /abitat e2uipment an* t/e m%nit%rin( an* '%mmuni'ati%n e2uipment
s/all be per+%rme* t% a ,ritten an* a(ree* pr%'e*ure. an* a''epte* be+%re l%,erin( t/e /abitat t% t/e ,%r&in(
p%siti%n- T/e +un'ti%n test s/all als% in'lu*e )eri+i'ati%n %+ t/at t/e ,el*in( parameters are applie* '%rre'tly
%n t/e a'tual e2uipment-
))*4 I+ use*. s/iel*in( an*I%r ba'&in( (as s/all be %+ 2uali+ie* purity in'lu*in( m%isture limit- 3as purity
an* '%mp%siti%n in all '%ntainers s/all be 'erti+ie* an* tra'eable t% t/e (as st%ra(e '%ntainers- T/e (as purity
an* m%isture '%ntent s/all be )eri+ie* a+ter pur(in( t/e (as supply system pri%r t% start %+ ,el*in(- T/e
m%isture '%ntent %+ t/e s/iel*in( (as s/all be m%nit%re* atInear t/e t%r'/ *urin( ,el*in( %perati%n-
))*# Pup pie'es s/all be be)elle*. '/e'&e* +%r '%rre't len(t/. laminati%ns at 'ut en*s an* t/e be)el pr%+ile-
))*5 At '%mpleti%n %+ p%siti%nin( %+ t/e t,% pipe se'ti%ns t% be ,el*e*. t/e +%ll%,in( in+%rmati%n. as a
minimum. s/all be rep%rte* t% t/e sur+a'e0
1 pipe se'ti%ns t% be '%nne'te* Cpipe number. /eat number i+ p%ssible4
1 appr%:imate *istan'e +r%m t/e (irt/ ,el* t% t/e pipe e:tremity
1 p%siti%n %+ t/e l%n(itu*inal ,el*s-
))*& I+ t/e re2uirement +%r sta((erin( %+ l%n(itu*inal ,el*s 'an n%t be met. any re*u'ti%n in t/e separati%n
%+ ,el*s s/all be limite* t% t,% pipe len(t/s-
))*2 All %perati%ns in'lu*in( ,el*in( s/all be m%nit%re* by a )i*e% system t/at 'an be rem%tely '%ntr%lle*
+r%m t/e '%ntr%l stati%n an* t/e ,el*in( area s/all /a)e '%ntinu%us '%mmuni'ati%n ,it/ t/e '%ntr%l stati%n-
All rele)ant *ata s/all be m%nit%re* an* re'%r*e* at t/e sur+a'e '%ntr%l stati%n un*er super)isi%n by t/e
,el*in( '%-%r*inat%r. in'lu*in(0
1 en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns C/umi*ity. temperature. atm%sp/ere '%mp%siti%n4
1 ,el*in( parameters Cme'/anise* an* aut%mati' ,el*in(4
1 (as m%isture '%ntent
1 pre/eat an* interpass temperature
1 in+%rmati%n transmitte* by t/e ,el*ers-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &54
))*: T/e +%ll%,in( re'%r*s s/all be presente* as part %+ t/e *%'umentati%n0
1 '/art re'%r*in(s %+ ,el*in( 'urrent. ar' )%lta(e. +iller ,ire spee*. ,el*in( spee*
1 )i*e% re'%r*in( +r%m t/e ,el* %bser)ati%n 'ameras-
6eld repair
)))* T/e appli'able re2uirements (i)en Table -< s/all apply- In a**iti%n repairs e:'ee*in( #0L %+ pipe D
s/all be per+%rme* %nly i+ a(ree*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age &55
A99END;M D
NON-DESTRUCT;DE TEST;NG .NDT/
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is Appen*i: spe'i+ies t/e re2uirements +%r met/%*s. e2uipment. pr%'e*ures. a''eptan'e 'riteria an*
t/e 2uali+i'ati%n an* 'erti+i'ati%n %+ pers%nnel +%r )isual e:aminati%n an* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( CNDT4 %+ -
6n steels. l%, all%y steels. *uple: steels. %t/er stainless steels an* 'la* steel materials an* ,el*ments +%r use
in pipeline systems-
)*4 T/is Appen*i: *%es n%t '%)er aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( CA8T4 %+ (irt/ ,el*s- Spe'i+i' re2uirements
pertainin( t% A8T %+ (irt/ ,el*s are (i)en in Appen*i: E-
)*8 Re2uirements +%r NDT an* )isual e:aminati%n %+ %t/er materials s/all be spe'i+ie* an* be in (eneral
a(reement ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/is Appen*i:-
A 4** A((lica6ili%7 !+ re<'ire$en%s
4*) T/e re2uirements in t/is Appen*i: are (i)en in se)eral subse'ti%ns ,it/ ea'/ subse'ti%n *ealin( ,it/
t/e n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ spe'i+i' %bGe'ts-
4*4 T/e re2uirements (i)en in subse'ti%n A are appli'able +%r t/e ,/%le %+ t/is Appen*i:-
4*8 T/e re2uirements (i)en ,it/in t/e %t/er subse'ti%ns are appli'able %nly t% t/e s'%pe %+ t/e subse'ti%n
as in*i'ate* in t/e title %+ t/e subse'ti%n. unless spe'i+i' re+eren'es t% %t/er subse'ti%ns are ma*e-
A 8** E'ali%7 ass'rance
8*) NDT %ntra't%rs an* %r(anisati%ns s/all as a minimum /a)e an implemente* 2uality assuran'e system
meetin( t/e (eneral re2uirements %+ ISO H001 an* supplemente* ,it/ t/e re2uirements (i)en in AST6 E1"1"-
A 4** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing $e%h!"s
4*) 6et/%*s %+ NDT s/all be '/%sen ,it/ *ue re(ar* t% t/e '%n*iti%ns in+luen'in( t/e sensiti)ity %+ t/e
met/%*s- T/e ability t% *ete't imper+e'ti%ns s/all be '%nsi*ere* +%r t/e material. G%int (e%metry an* ,el*in(
pr%'ess use*-
4*4 As t/e NDT met/%*s *i++er in t/eir limitati%ns an*I%r sensiti)ities. '%mbinati%n %+ t,% %r m%re met/%*s
s/all be '%nsi*ere* sin'e t/is is %+ten re2uire* in %r*er t% ensure %ptimum pr%bability %+ *ete'ti%n %+ /arm+ul
*e+e'ts-
4*8 6a(neti' parti'le. e**y 'urrent %r ma(neti' +lu: lea&a(e testin( is pre+erre* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ sur+a'e
imper+e'ti%ns in +err%ma(neti' materials- F%r *ete'ti%n %+ sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns in n%n-ma(neti' materials.
eit/er li2ui* penetrant testin( %r e**y 'urrent testin( s/all be pre+erre*-
4*4 8ltras%ni' an*I%r ra*i%(rap/i' testin( s/all be use* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ internal imper+e'ti%ns- It may be
ne'essary t% supplement ultras%ni' testin( by ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %r )i'e )ersa. in %r*er t% en/an'e t/e
pr%bability %+ *ete'ti%n %r '/ara'terisati%nIsiJin( %+ t/e type %+ +la,s t/at 'an be e:pe'te*. as spe'i+ie* in
Se'-10. E#00-
Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( is pre+erre* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ )%lumetri' imper+e'ti%ns- F%r material t/i'&nesses ab%)e "=
mm ra*i%(rap/i' testin( s/%ul* al,ays be supplemente* by ultras%ni' testin(-
8ltras%ni' testin( s/all be pre+erre* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ planar imper+e'ti%ns an* ,/ene)er *eterminati%n %+ t/e
imper+e'ti%n /ei(/t an* *ept/ is ne'essary. e-(- as a result %+ an EA. ultras%ni' testin( is re2uire*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e *ete'tability %+ 'ra'&s ,it/ ra*i%(rap/i' testin( *epen*s %n t/e 'ra'& /ei(/t. t/e presen'e %+ bran'/in( parts %+
t/e 'ra'&. t/e *ire'ti%n i+ t/e P-ray beam t% t/e %rientati%n %+ t/e 'ra'& an* ra*i%(rap/i' te'/ni2ue parameters-
Reliable *ete'ti%n %+ 'ra'&s is t/ere+%re limite*-
Ba'& %+ si*e,all +usi%n ,ill pr%bably n%t be *ete'te* unless it is ass%'iate* ,it/ )%lumetri' imper+e'ti%ns %r i+ P-ray
beam is in t/e *ire'ti%n %+ t/e si*e-,all-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*# @/en manual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( in spe'ial 'ases is use* as a substitute +%r aut%mate* ultras%ni'
testin( +%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s. b%t/ ra*i%(rap/i' an* ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e (irt/ ,el* s/all be per+%rme*-
4*5 Alternati)e met/%*s %r '%mbinati%n %+ met/%*s +%r *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns may be use* i+ t/e
met/%*s are *em%nstrate* as 'apable %+ *ete'tin( imper+e'ti%ns ,it/ an a''eptable e2ui)alen'e t% t/e
pre+erre* met/%*s-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age &56
A #** 9ers!nnel <'ali+ica%i!ns
$anual or semi(automatic 4T
#*) Pers%nnel per+%rmin( manual %r semi-aut%mate* NDT an* interpretati%n %+ test results s/all be 'erti+ie*
t% Be)el " by a erti+i'ati%n !%*y %r Aut/%rise* 5uali+yin( !%*y in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO H<1" %r t/e ASNT
entral erti+i'ati%n Pr%(ram CAP4- Pers%nnel 2uali+i'ati%n t% an empl%yer base* 2uali+i'ati%n s'/eme as
SNT-T-1A may be a''epte* i+ t/e empl%yerNs ,ritten pra'ti'e is re)ie,e* an* +%un* a''eptable an* t/e Be)el
# is ASNT Be)el III %r AP Pr%+essi%nal Be)el III an* 'erti+ie* in t/e appli'able met/%*- %mpany
app%inte* Be)el # is n%t a''epte*-
8ltras%ni' %perat%rs per+%rmin( testin( %+ ,el*s in'lu*in( austeniti' %r *uple: stainless steel material. s/all
be spe'ially traine* an* 2uali+ie* +%r t/e purp%se a''%r*in( t% ISO H<1" %r e2ui)alent s'/eme-
)utomated 4T+ general
#*4 Pers%nnel 'alibratin( e2uipment an* interpretin( results +r%m aut%mate* e2uipment +%r NDT s/all be
'erti+ie* t% an appr%priate le)el a''%r*in( t% a 'erti+i'ati%n s'/eme meetin( t/e re2uirements %+ =01- In
a**iti%n. t/ey s/all be able t% *%'ument a*e2uate trainin( an* e:perien'e ,it/ t/e e2uipment in 2uesti%n. an*
s/all be able t% *em%nstrate t/eir 'apabilities ,it/ re(ar* t% 'alibratin( t/e e2uipment. per+%rmin( an
%perati%nal test un*er pr%*u'ti%nIsiteI+iel* '%n*iti%ns. an* e)aluatin( siJe an* l%'ati%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns-
)utomated 4T+ linepipe manufacture
#*8 Pers%nnel %peratin( aut%mate* e2uipment +%r NDT *urin( manu+a'ture %+ linepipe s/all be 'erti+ie*
a''%r*in( t% ISO 11;F; %r e2ui)alent 'erti+i'ati%n s'/eme-
Preparation of 4T procedures
#*4 Preparati%n %+ NDT pr%'e*ures an* e:e'uti%n %+ all NDT s/all be 'arrie* %ut un*er t/e resp%nsibility %+
Be)el # pers%nnel- Any tas&s in)%l)in( 'alibrati%n %+ t/e e2uipment. *ata a'2uisiti%n an* interpretati%n %+ t/e
results. s/all in'lu*e pers%nnel 2uali+ie* t% at least Be)el " %+ appli'able NDT met/%*-
;isual e"amination
#*# Pers%nnel per+%rmin( )isual e:aminati%n %+ ,el*s s/all /a)e *%'umente* trainin( an* 2uali+i'ati%ns
a''%r*in( t% NS ;<<. minimum S@IP#-"-1 CBe)el #4 %r minimum I@I-S %r e2ui)alent 'erti+i'ati%n s'/eme-
Pers%nnel per+%rmin( )isual e:aminati%n %+ %t/er %bGe'ts s/all /a)e trainin( an* e:aminati%n a''%r*in( t% a
*%'umente* in-/%use stan*ar*- Pers%nnel per+%rmin( )isual testin( %+ +inis/e*. ,el*e* G%ints s/all be 2uali+ie*
as state* ab%)e %r in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO H<1". VT le)el ". %r e2ui)alent-
;isual acuity
#*5 Pers%nnel interpretin( ra*i%(rap/s. per+%rmin( ultras%ni' testin(. interpretin( results %+ ma(neti'
parti'le an* li2ui* penetrant testin( an* per+%rmin( )isual e:aminati%n s/all /a)e passe* a )isual a'uity test
su'/ as re2uire* by ISO H<1" %r a 7ae(er 7-, test at #00 mm. ,it/in t/e pre)i%us 1" m%nt/s-
A 5** Ti$ing !+ NDT
5*) @/ene)er p%ssible. NDT %+ ,el*s s/all n%t be per+%rme* until "; /%urs /as elapse* sin'e '%mpleti%n
%+ ,el*in(-
5*4 I+ ,el*in( pr%'esses ensurin( a *i++usible /y*r%(en '%ntent %+ ma:imum = mlI100 ( %+ ,el* metal are
use*. a*e2uate /an*lin( %+ ,el*in( '%nsumables is )eri+ie*. s/iel*in( (as '%ntent %+ H
"
is '%ntr%lle*. %r
measures Csu'/ as p%st /eatin( %+ t/e ,el*ment4 are ta&en t% re*u'e t/e '%ntents %+ /y*r%(en. t/e time in >01
ab%)e 'an be re*u'e*. subGe't t% a(reement-
5*8 NDT %+ pipeline installati%n (irt/ ,el*s an* l%n(itu*inal ,el*s in linepipe 'an be per+%rme* as s%%n as
t/e ,el*s /a)e '%%le* su++i'iently t% all%, t/e NDT t% be per+%rme*-
3. Man'al N!n-Des%r'c%i-e Tes%ing an" Dis'al E,a$ina%i!n !+ Wel"s
3 )** General
)*) 6anual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ ,el*s s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e stan*ar*s liste*
bel%, an* as re2uire* in t/e +%ll%,in(0
DNV 'lassi+i'ati%n n%te N%- <. N%n Destru'ti)e Testin(
Ra*i%(rap/y ISO 1<>#>-1
Di(ital Ra*i%(rap/y ISO 1<>#>-"
8ltras%ni' ISO 1<>;0
6a(neti' Parti'le ISO 1<>#F
Bi2ui* Penetrant ISO #;=" all parts
E**y urrent ISO 1<>;#
Visual e:aminati%n ISO 1<>#<
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age &6%
4on(destructive testing procedures
)*4 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ,ritten pr%'e*ures t/at. as a minimum.
(i)e in+%rmati%n %n t/e +%ll%,in( aspe'ts0
1 appli'able '%*eCs4 %r stan*ar*Cs4
1 ,el*in( met/%* C,/en rele)ant4
1 G%int (e%metry an* *imensi%ns
1 materialCs4
1 met/%*
1 te'/ni2ue
1 e2uipment main an* au:iliary
1 '%nsumables Cin'lu*in( bran* name4
1 sensiti)ity
1 'alibrati%n te'/ni2ues an* 'alibrati%n re+eren'es
1 testin( parameters an* )ariables
1 assessment %+ imper+e'ti%ns
1 rep%rtin( an* *%'umentati%n %+ results
1 re+eren'e t% appli'able ,el*in( pr%'e*ureCs4.
1 e:ample %+ rep%rtin( +%rms
1 a''eptan'e 'riteria-
)*8 I+ alternati)e met/%*s %r '%mbinati%ns %+ met/%*s are use* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns. t/e
pr%'e*ures s/all be prepare* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ an a(ree* '%*e %r stan*ar*- T/e nee* +%r pr%'e*ure
2uali+i'ati%n s/all be '%nsi*ere* in ea'/ 'ase base* %n t/e met/%*As sensiti)ity in *ete'tin( an* '/ara'terisin(
imper+e'ti%ns an* t/e siJe an* type %+ *e+e'ts t% be *ete'te*-
)*4 All n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( pr%'e*ures s/all be si(ne* by t/e resp%nsible Be)el III pers%n-
Reporting
)*# All NDT s/all be *%'umente* su'/ t/at t/e teste* areas may be easily i*enti+ie* an* su'/ t/at t/e
per+%rme* testin( 'an be *upli'ate*- T/e rep%rts s/all i*enti+y t/e *e+e'ts present in t/e ,el* area an* state i+
t/e ,el* satis+ies t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria %r n%t-
)*5 T/e rep%rt s/all in'lu*e t/e rep%rtin( re2uirements %+ t/e appli'able stan*ar*. NDT pr%'e*ure an*
a''eptan'e 'riteria-
At least t/e +%ll%,in( minimum in+%rmati%n must be (i)en0
1 Name %+ t/e '%mpany an* %perat%r 'arryin( %ut t/e testin( in'lu*in( 'erti+i'ati%n le)el %+ t/e %perat%r
1 ObGe't an* *ra,in( re+eren'es
1 Pla'e an* *ate %+ testin(
1 6aterial type an* *imensi%ns
1 P%st ,el* /eat treatment. i+ re2uire*
1 B%'ati%n %+ e:amine* areas. type %+ G%int
1 @el*in( pr%'ess use*
1 Sur+a'e '%n*iti%ns
1 Temperature %+ t/e %bGe't
1 Number %+ repairs i+ spe'i+i' area repaire* t,i'e %r m%re
1 %ntra't re2uirements e-(- %r*er n%-. spe'i+i'ati%ns. spe'ial a(reements et'-
1 E:ample %+ rep%rtin( +%rms
1 S&et'/ s/%,in( l%'ati%n an* in+%rmati%n re(ar*in( *ete'te* *e+e'ts
1 E:tent %+ testin(
1 Test e2uipment use*
1 Des'ripti%n %+ t/e parameters use* +%r ea'/ met/%*
1 Des'ripti%n an* l%'ati%n %+ all re'%r*able in*i'ati%ns
1 Testin( results ,it/ re+eren'e t% a''eptan'e le)el
1 Ot/er in+%rmati%n relate* t% t/e spe'i+i' met/%* may be liste* un*er ea'/ met/%*-
3 4** Ra"i!gra(hic %es%ing !+ 1el"s
4*) Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ ISO 1<>#>-1 an* DNV 'lassi+i'ati%n n%te
<. an* as re2uire* bel%,-
4*4 Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( s/all be per+%rme* by use %+ P-ray a''%r*in( t% a''epte* pr%'e*ures- 8se %+
ra*i%(rap/i' is%t%pes C(amma rays4 may be re2uire* in s%me situati%ns an* is subGe't t% a(reement in ea'/
'ase-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age &6$
Radiographic testing procedures
4*8 Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( pr%'e*ures s/all be a''%r*in( t% !10" t/r%u(/ !10; an* in'lu*e0
1 ra*i%(rap/i' te'/ni2ue 'lass
1 ra*iati%n s%ur'e
1 te'/ni2ue
1 (e%metri' relati%ns/ips
1 +ilm type
1 intensi+yin( s'reens
1 e:p%sure '%n*iti%ns
1 pr%'essin(
1 Ima(e 5uality In*i'at%r sensiti)ities in per'ent %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness. base* %n s%ur'e an* +ilm si*e
in*i'at%rs respe'ti)ely
1 ba'&s'atter *ete'ti%n met/%*
1 *ensity
1 +ilm si*e Ima(e 5uality In*i'at%r CI5I4 i*enti+i'ati%n met/%*
1 +ilm '%)era(e
1 ,el* i*enti+i'ati%n system-
%lassification of radiographic techni*ues
4*4 T/e ra*i%(rap/i' te'/ni2ues use* s/all be a''%r*in( t% lass ! an* t/e re2uirements bel%,-
4*# lass ! te'/ni2ues s/%ul* als% be use* ,/en usin( (amma ray s%ur'es- I+. +%r te'/ni'al reas%ns. it is n%t
p%ssible t% meet %ne %+ t/e '%n*iti%ns spe'i+ie* +%r lass !. t/e n%te t% /apter = %+ ISO 1<>#>-1 s/all apply-
'mage 8uality 'ndicators
4*5 Ima(e 5uality In*i'at%rs CI5Is4 s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in ISO 1H"#"- T/e ,ire material s/all
/a)e a '%e++i'ient %+ abs%rpti%n as 'l%se as p%ssible t% t/e material teste*- I+ t/e abs%rpti%n '%e++i'ients %+ t/e
I5I material an* t/e material teste* *i++er by m%re t/an "0L. an e:perimental e)aluati%n a''%r*in( t% ISO
1H"#"-; s/all be per+%rme* t% establis/ t/e a''eptable ima(e 2uality )alues-
Sensitivity
4*& T/e sensiti)ities %btaine* *urin( pr%*u'ti%n ra*i%(rap/y s/all at least meet t/e re2uirements %+ ISO
1<>#>-1. Anne: A e:'ept +%r *%uble ,all te'/ni2ues ,it/ t/e I5I %n t/e +ilm si*e- F%r t/is te'/ni2ue. t/e
sensiti)ity %+ t/e +ilm si*e I5I +r%m t/e pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n s/all be use* as a''eptan'e 'riteri%n +%r +ilm
sensiti)ity-
Radiographic procedure *ualification
4*2 Ea'/ ra*i%(rap/i' pr%'e*ure an* t/e '%nsumables use* s/all be 2uali+ie* by ma&in( ra*i%(rap/i'
e:p%sures %+ a ,el*e* G%int %r base material ,it/ t/e same %r typi'al '%n+i(urati%n an* *imensi%ns. an* %+
material e2ui)alent t% t/at ,/i'/ s/all be use* in pr%*u'ti%n ra*i%(rap/y-
F%r pr%'e*ures usin( s%ur'e si*e I5Is. t/e sensiti)ity s/all meet t/e appli'able 'riteri%n in ISO 1<>#>-1. Anne:
A an* t/e a)era(e *ensity at t/e s%un* ,el* metal ima(e s/all be minimum "-0- T/e ma:imum *ensity all%,e*
s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e 'apabilities %+ t/e a)ailable )ie,in( e2uipment. but n%t m%re t/an ;-0-
4*: F%r pr%'e*ures usin( +ilm si*e I5Is. t/e I5Is s/all +%r ra*i%(rap/i' pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n purp%ses be
pla'e* %n b%t/ t/e +ilm si*e an* t/e s%ur'e si*e-
T/e sensiti)ity %+ t/e s%ur'e an* +ilm si*e I5Is s/all b%t/ satis+y t/e appli'able 'riteria in ISO 1<>#>-1. Anne:
A an* t/e *ensity s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ "0F-
I+ t/e sensiti)ity %+ t/e +ilm si*e I5I is better t/an re2uire* by t/e appli'able 'riteri%n in ISO 1<>#>-1. Anne:
A t/e +ilm si*e sensiti)ity %btaine* *urin( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n s/all be re'%r*e* an* be a''eptan'e 'riteri%n
+%r t/e sensiti)ity %+ t/e +ilm si*e I5I *urin( pr%*u'ti%n ra*i%(rap/y-
Processing and storage
4)* Pr%'essin( %+ ra*i%(rap/s s/all '%n+%rm t% ISO 1<>#>-1- St%ra(e s/all be su'/ t/at t/e ra*i%(rap/s
maintain t/eir 2uality +%r a minimum %+ = years ,it/%ut *eteri%rati%n- T/i%sulp/ate tests s/all be per+%rme* at
re(ular inter)als-
I+ ra*i%(rap/ st%ra(e time in e:'ess %+ = years is re2uire*. t/e ra*i%(rap/s s/%ul* be *i(itise* usin( met/%*s
(i)in( a*e2uate res%luti%n an* st%re* in ele'tr%ni' me*ia in an a(ree* manner-
Reporting
4)) Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10>- In a**iti%n t% t/e items liste* in ISO 1<>#>-1 t/e
+%ll%,in( s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e ra*i%(rap/i' testin( rep%rt0
1 ra*i%(rap/i' pr%'e*ure re+eren'e
1 (e%metri' uns/arpness-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age &6&
igital Radiography and Radioscopic testing
4)4 Di(ital ra*i%(rap/i' testin( te'/ni2ues in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1<>#>-" an* i+ rele)ant0 EN 1#0>F an*
EN1;<F;. may be use* pr%)i*e* t/e e2uipment /as been 2uali+ie*. in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n F. t% (i)e
sensiti)ity an* *ete'ti%n e2ui)alent t% '%n)enti%nal :-ray a''%r*in( t% ISO 1<>#>-1- Di(ital ra*i%(rap/y s/all
be a''%r*in( t% lass ! %r better. as *es'ribe* in ISO 1<>#>-"- Di(ital ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ ,el* seam %+
,el*e* steel tubes s/all be a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-<-
Specific re*uirements to radiography of installation girth welds
4)8 F%r ra*i%(rap/y t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal re2uirements s/all apply +%r installati%n (irt/ ,el*s0
1 Pan%rami' Csin(le ,all sin(le ima(e4 e:p%sures s/all be use* ,/ene)er p%ssible
1 Flu%rmetalli' s'reens may be use* in '%mbinati%n ,it/ P-ray base* %n a satis+a't%ry pr%'e*ure
2uali+i'ati%n test ,/ere all re2uirements t% sensiti)ity are met- Films use* ,it/ +lu%rmetalli' s'reens s/all
be *esi(ne* +%r use ,it/ t/is s'reen type
1 F%r pipe ,it/ internal *iameter M "=0 mm (amma ray an* pan%rami' Csin(le ,all sin(le ima(e4 e:p%sures
may be use*- T/e (amma ray s%ur'e s/%ul* be Se <= use* ,it/ a +ilm system 'lass better t/an ; a''%r*in(
t% ISO 1<>#>-1. Table #- Ot/er types %+ ra*iati%n s%ur'es may be use* +%r small ,all t/i'&nesses in
'%mbinati%n ,it/ %t/er +ilm types- T/e use %+ (amma ray s%ur'es s/all al,ays be base* %n a satis+a't%ry
pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n test ,/ere all re2uirements t% sensiti)ity are met
1 @/ere n% internal a''ess is p%ssible. a *%uble ,all te'/ni2ue s/all be applie*
1 F%r t/e *%uble ,all *%uble ima(e te'/ni2ue :-ray s/all be use*- Flu%rmetalli' s'reens may be use* base*
%n a satis+a't%ry pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n test ,/ere all re2uirements t% sensiti)ity are met- Films +%r use
,it/ +lu%rmetalli' s'reens s/all be suitable +%r t/is s'reen type
1 F%r t/e *%uble ,all sin(le ima(e te'/ni2ue b%t/ P-ray an* (amma ray may be use*- T/e '/%i'e %+ ra*iati%n
s%ur'e. +ilm an* s'reen types s/all be base* %n a satis+a't%ry pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n test ,/ere all
re2uirements t% sensiti)ity are met-
3 8** Man'al 'l%ras!nic %es%ing !+ 1el"s in C-MnHl!1 all!7 s%eel 1i%h C-MnHl!1 all!7 s%eel 1el"
"e(!si%s
8*) 8ltras%ni' testin( s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ ISO 1<>;0 an* as re2uire* bel%,-
8*4 8ltras%ni' testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% a''epte* pr%'e*ures- T/e pr%'e*ure s/all be
establis/e* a''%r*in( t% DNV 'lassi+i'ati%n n%te <-
3ltrasonic testing procedures
8*8 8ltras%ni' testin( pr%'e*ures s/all be a''%r*in( t% !10" t/r%u(/ !10; an* DNV 'lassi+i'ati%n n%te <
an*. in'lu*e0
1 type %+ instrument
1 type an* *imensi%ns %+ pr%bes
1 ran(e %+ pr%be +re2uen'ies
1 *es'ripti%n %+ re+eren'e bl%'&
1 'alibrati%n *etails. ran(e an* sensiti)ity
1 sur+a'e re2uirements. in'lu*in( ma:imum temperature
1 type %+ '%uplin( me*ium
1 s'annin( te'/ni2ues supplemente* ,it/ s&et'/es. s/%,in( t/e pr%bes use* an* area '%)ere*
1 re'%r*in( *etails-
8*4 Typi'al appli'ati%ns. ,/i'/ re2uire spe'i+i' 8T pr%'e*ures. are0
1 8ltras%ni' e:aminati%n %+ ,el*s in austeniti' stainless steel
1 Ferriti'-austeniti' C*uple:4 stainless steels
1 Dete'ti%n %+ '%rr%si%n an*I%r t/i'&ness measurement
1 P/ase* array ultras%ni' testin(
1 Aut%mate* 8ltras%ni' Testin(. A8T
1 F%r spe'ial appli'ati%n *urin( in-ser)i'e inspe'ti%n
1 Estimati%n %+ *e+e't siJe C/ei(/t4 usin( '%n)enti%nal beam sprea* *ia(ram C"0 *! *r%p4. Time-O+-Fli(/t-
Di++ra'ti%n CTOFD4 te'/ni2ue %r t/e ba'& *i++ra'ti%n te'/ni2ue
1 Testin( %+ %bGe'ts ,it/ temperature %utsi*e t/e ran(e 0] t% ;0]-
T/e ultras%ni' testin( pr%'e*ure s/all be submitte* +%r a''eptan'e-
8*# N% spe'ial pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n test s/%ul* be re2uire* ,/en manual met/%*s are use*-
3ltrasonic testing techni*ues
8*5 8ltras%ni' testin( te'/ni2ues s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1<>;0 an* DNV 'lassi+i'ati%n n%te <. an*
t/e re2uirements bel%,-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age &6'
G'i"ance n!%eF
6anual %r semi- aut%mate* ultras%ni' p/ase* array systems may be use* pr%)i*e* it is 2uali+ie* t/at su'/ systems
,ill (i)e t/e same sensiti)ity. res%luti%n an* *ete'ti%n ability as '%n)enti%nal ultras%ni' testin( per+%rme* a''%r*in(
t% t/e re2uirements (i)en in !#00 an* t/at spe'i+i' ultras%ni' testin( pr%'e*ures are *e)el%pe* an* a''epte*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
$anual ultrasonic testing e*uipment
8*& 6anual ultras%ni' testin( e2uipment s/all0
1 be appli'able +%r t/e pulse e'/% te'/ni2ue an* +%r t/e *%uble pr%be te'/ni2ue
1 '%)er as a minimum t/e +re2uen'y ran(e +r%m 1 t% > 6HJ
1 /a)e a 'alibrate* (ain re(ulat%r ,it/ ma:imum " *! per step %)er a ran(e %+ at least >0 *!
1 /a)e a +lat s'reen a''essible +r%m t/e +r%nt +%r *ire't pl%ttin( %+ re+eren'e 'ur)es %r be e2uippe* ,it/ *i(ital
DA- *isplay presentati%n %+ user-*e+ine* 'ur)es
1 all%, e'/%es ,it/ amplitu*es %+ =L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t t% be 'learly *ete'table un*er test '%n*iti%ns-
8*2 alibrati%n %+ ultras%ni' e2uipment s/all be un*erta&en a''%r*in( t% pr%'e*ures establis/e* a''%r*in(
t% a re'%(nise* '%*e %r stan*ar*. e-(- EN 1">>F-1-"-# %r AS6E V- Veri+i'ati%n %+ S'reen Hei(/t Binearity
an* Amplitu*e Binearity s/all be per+%rme* at t/e be(innin( %+ ea'/ peri%* %+ e:ten*e* use C%r e)ery # m%nt/s.
,/i'/e)er is less4- alibrati%n re'%r*s s/all be ma*e a)ailable up%n re2uest-
Semi(automated ultrasonic testing e*uipment
8*: Semi-aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( e2uipment s/all +%ll%, t/e e:aminati%n re2uirements %+ AS6E V.
Arti'le ;. 6an*at%ry Appen*i: VI-
Probes
8)* Pr%bes use* +%r testin( %+ ,el*s ,it/ -6n steel ,el* *ep%sits s/all be '/ara'terise* as re2uire* by ISO
10#<= an* ISO 1"<1=-
An(le beam s/ear-,a)e pr%bes s/all be a)ailable in an(les all%,in( e++e'ti)e testin( %+ t/e a'tual ,el*
'%nne'ti%ns- F%r testin( %+ (irt/ ,el*s %r ,el*s in plate pr%be an(les %+ ;=]. >0] an* <0] ,ill n%rmally be su++i'ient
but a**iti%nal pr%bes %+ #=] an* ==] are re'%mmen*e*- Ot/er appli'ati%ns may re2uire pr%bes '%)erin( t/e ran(e
%+ #=] t% F0] t% all%, e++e'ti)e testin(-
Strai(/t beam pr%bes s/all be sin(le %r t,in 'rystal pr%bes- T,in 'rystal pr%bes s/all be use* ,/en testin( is
per+%rme* %n material ,it/ n%minal t/i'&ness t M >0 mm- Sin(le 'rystal pr%bes may be use* ,/en testin( is
per+%rme* %n material ,it/ n%minal t/i'&ness t >0 mm-
Pr%bes s/all. i+ ne'essary. be suitable +%r use %n /%t sur+a'es C100 t% 1=0]4-
8)) A**iti%nal pr%bes +%r time-%+-+li(/t *i++ra'ti%n CT%FD4 an* *%uble pr%be te'/ni2ues are re'%mmen*e*-
8)4 Pr%be +re2uen'ies s/all be sele'te* a''%r*in( t% ISO 1<>;0-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e n%minal an(le %+ pr%bes use* are n%rmally )ali* +%r -6n steels ,it/ '%mpressi%n ,a)e )el%'ity %+
appr%:imately =H00 mIs an* s/ear ,a)e )el%'ity %+ appr%:imately #"00 mIs at "0
%
-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
%oupling medium
8)8 T/e same '%uplin( me*ium as use* +%r 'alibrati%n an* settin( %+ (ains an* ampli+i'ati%n s/all be use*
*urin( testin(-
%alibration of range scale and angle determination
8)4 T/e II@ %r ISO 'alibrati%n bl%'&s CK1 E K"4 a''%r*in( t% ISO ";00 %r ISO <H># respe'ti)ely. s/all be
use* +%r 'alibrati%n %+ ran(e s'ale an* +%r an(le *eterminati%n- T/ese 'alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all. as near as
pra'ti'able. /a)e t/e same a'%usti' pr%perties as t/e material t% be teste*-
Reference bloc.s for setting of reference levels
8)# F%r testin( %+ ,el*s re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be use* +%r (ain 'alibrati%n an* '%nstru'ti%n %+ t/e re+eren'e
'ur)es- T/e re+eren'e bl%'& s/all be manu+a'ture* +r%m t/e a'tual material t% be e:amine*- Re+eren'e bl%'&s
manu+a'ture* +r%m %t/er materials may be a''eptable pr%)i*e* t/at t/e material is *%'umente* t% /a)e
a'%usti' pr%perties similar t% t/e a'tual material t% be e:amine*- T/e re+eren'e bl%'& s/all /a)e len(t/ an*
,i*t/ *imensi%ns suitable +%r t/e s%un* beam pat/ +%r all pr%be types an* t/e material *imensi%nCs4 t% be
teste*-
F%r testin( %+ ,el*s in plate an* similar (e%metries a re+eren'e bl%'& ,it/ si*e *rille* /%les s/all be use*- T/e
t/i'&ness %+ t/e re+eren'e bl%'&. *iameter an* p%siti%n %+ t/e *rille* /%les s/all be as s/%,n in Fi(ure 1 an*
Table D-1-
F%r testin( %+ ,el*s in pipe ,/en testin( 'an be per+%rme* +r%m %ne si*e %nly. an* t/e DA re+eren'e si(nals
'an %nly be %btaine* +r%m t/e si*e ,/ere t/e inspe'ti%n s/all be per+%rme*. i-e- t/e D si*e. t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age &61
s/all /a)e si*e *rille* /%les at TI;. TI" an* #I;T-
@/en ultras%ni' testin( is t% be per+%rme* %n T6P steel re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all. ,/en re2uire*. be pr%*u'e*
perpen*i'ular t% an*I%r parallel t% t/e *ire'ti%n %+ r%llin(- T/e r%llin( *ire'ti%n s/all be 'learly i*enti+ie*-
8)5 F%r testin( %+ l%n(itu*inal ,el*s in pipe an* similar (e%metries t/e re+eren'e bl%'& s/all in a**iti%n t%
t/e +eatures re2uire* ab%)e. /a)e a 'ur)ature e2ual t% t/e pipe t% be teste*-
Fig're )
Re+erence 6l!c0 "i$ensi!ns
8)& All re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be mar&e* ,it/ an i*enti+i'ati%n t/at relates t% t/e spe'i+i' appli'ati%n %+ ea'/
bl%'&
Gain calibration
8)2 T/e DA- 'ur)e s/all be '%nstru'te* usin( re+eren'e bl%'&s ,it/ si*e-*rille* /%les as *es'ribe* in #1;-
8): Re+eren'e bl%'&s n%t ma*e +r%m t/e a'tual material t% be teste* s/all be '/e'&e* +%r )ariati%n in a'%usti'
pr%perties bet,een t/e re+eren'e bl%'& an* t/e a'tual material- T/e )ariati%n 'an be '/e'&e* by 'alibratin( t/e
ran(e s'ale %n t/e ISO ";00 bl%'& ,it/ a n%rmal pr%be an* subse2uently measure a &n%,n material t/i'&ness
,it/ t/is 'alibrati%n-
84* @/ene)er ultras%ni' testin( %+ ,el*s in T6P steel is per+%rme*. t/e *i++eren'e in attenuati%n bet,een
trans)erse an* l%n(itu*inal r%llin( *ire'ti%n s/all be '/e'&e* ,/en t/e s'annin( *ire'ti%n '/an(es bet,een
trans)erse an* parallel t% t/e r%llin( *ire'ti%n- T/is re2uires DA '%nstru'te* by use %+ 'alibrati%n bl%'&s ta&en
+r%m trans)erse an* parallel t% t/e r%llin( *ire'ti%n- Di++eren'e in (ain settin( must be n%te* an* ta&en int%
'%nsi*erati%n ,/en e)aluati%n %+ in*i'ati%ns is per+%rme*-
84) @/en testin( is 'arrie* %ut %+ ,el*s in T6P steel t/e a'tual beam an(le s/all be *etermine*- T/e an(le
'an be 'al'ulate* usin( tri(%n%metri' +un'ti%ns as l%n( as t/e *istan'e an* *ept/ t% t/e re+le't%rs in t/e T6P
steel re+eren'e bl%'& is &n%,n- Alternati)ely t/e met/%* *es'ribe* in App-E. subse'ti%n K 'an be use*-
%onstruction of the reference curves /)%0
844 T/e e'/% re+le'te* +r%m t/e *rille* /%le in t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& s/all be ma:imise* an* t/e amplitu*e
set at F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t-
848 T/e +irst p%int %+ DA must be sele'te* su'/ t/at t/e *istan'e in s%un* pat/ +r%m t/e pr%be in*e: t% t/e
*rille* /%le is n%t less t/an 0-> N ,/ere N is t/e near +iel* len(t/ %+ t/e rele)ant pr%be- T/e DA s/all be
Ta6le D-) Re+erence 3l!c0 Di$ensi!ns
$aterial thic.ness /t0
Thic.ness
of reference
bloc. /T0
iameter of
side drilled
hole /mm0
Position of
side drilled
hole
4ote
T M 1= mm 1= mm %r t "-; 0-"
TI"
A**iti%nal /%les are re2uire* +%r
testin( %+ pipe ,/en t/e DA 'an
be '%nstru'te* +r%m %ne si*e %nly-
A**iti%nal /%les are (enerally
all%,e* an* re'%mmen*e*
1= mm t M #= mm "0 mm %r t
#-0 0-"
#= mm t M =0 mm #F mm %r t
=0 mm t M 100 mm <= mm %r t
#-0 0-" TI;
100 mm t M 1=0 mm 1"= mm %r t
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age &62
'%nstru'te* by %btainin( at least # p%ints %n t/e 'ur)e- T/e (ain settin( s/all be re'%r*e* an* '%mprises t/e
primary (ain-
T/e re'%r*e* (ain +%ll%,in( all '%rre'ti%ns +%r sur+a'e '%n*iti%n an* attenuati%n is t/e '%rre'te* primary (ain-
Alternati)ely. a Time %rre'te* 3ain 'alibrati%n 'an be use* i+ t/e ultras%ni' apparatus is +itte* ,it/ a time
'%rre'te* (ain CT34 '%rre'ti%n- T/e e'/% amplitu*e re+le'te* +r%m t/e *rille* /%le in t/e 'alibrati%n 'an be
a*Guste* t% F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t %)er t/e ,/%le ran(e in 2uesti%n- DA ,ill t/us be a /%riJ%ntal line-
Periodical chec.s of e*uipment+ re(calibration and re(e"amination
844 At appr%:imately +%ur-/%urly inter)als an* at t/e en* %+ testin(. t/e ran(e s'ale. pr%be an(le an* primary
(ain must be '/e'&e* an* '%n+irme*-
I+ *e)iati%n is +%un* t% be lar(er t/an "L %+ ran(e s'ale. %r ; *! %+ primary (ain settin( %r "] %+ n%minal pr%be
an(le. t/e e2uipment s/all be re-'alibrate* an* t/e testin( 'arrie* %ut ,it/ t/e e2uipment %)er t/e pre)i%us
peri%* s/all be repeate*-
Re-'alibrati%n s/all be per+%rme* ,/ene)er t/e e2uipment /as been %ut +un'ti%n +%r any reas%n in'lu*in( %n-
%++ an* ,/ene)er t/ere is any *%ubt '%n'ernin( pr%per +un'ti%n %+ t/e e2uipment-
%ontact surface
84# F%r ultras%ni' testin( t/e '%nta't sur+a'e s/all be 'lean an* sm%%t/. i-e- +ree +r%m *irt. s'ale. rust. ,el*in(
spatter. et'- ,/i'/ may in+luen'e t/e result %+ t/e testin(- %rre'ti%n +%r *i++eren'es in sur+a'e '%n*iti%ns an*
attenuati%n bet,een t/e re+eren'e bl%'& an* t/e a'tual ,%r& pie'e s/all be per+%rme* an* t/e ma:imum
'%rre'ti%n all%,e* %n +lat sur+a'es is > *!-
Testing levels
845 T/e testin( le)el s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1<>;0. '/apter 11. testin( le)el ! an* t/e re2uirements bel%,-
Probe selection
84& In a**iti%n t% strai(/t beam pr%be minimum t,% an(le pr%bes s/all be use* +%r t/e testin(. see t/e
(ui*an'e (i)en in Table D-"- It is emp/asise* t/at t/is table is +%r (ui*an'e an* t/at t/e a'tual '/%i'e %+ an(le
pr%bes must be ma*e 'are+ully an* *epen*in( %n material t/i'&ness. ,el* be)el an* type %+ *e+e'ts li&ely t%
%''ur ,it/ t/e ,el*in( met/%* use*-
842 T/e '/%i'e %+ %ptimum pr%be an(le +%r initial +ull s'annin( %+ t/e ,el* s/all be '/%sen su'/ t/at in'i*ent
an(le %+ t/e s%un* beam 'entre is perpen*i'ular t% t/e si*e %+ t/e ,el* be)el- I+ t/is an(le *%es n%t '%mply ,it/
any stan*ar* pr%be an(le. t/e nearest lar(er pr%be an(le s/all be sele'te*-
84: In a**iti%n t% t/e pr%be use* +%r initial s'annin( t,% a**iti%nal an(le pr%bes s/all be use* ,/en p%ssible-
88* T/ese a**iti%nal pr%bes s/all /a)e a lar(er an* smaller an(le t/an t/e pr%be use* +%r initial s'annin(-
T/e *i++eren'es in an(le s/all be m%re t/an 10
%
-
88) I+ %nly %ne a**iti%nal pr%be 'an be use* t/e an(le +%r t/is pr%be s/%ul* be0
1 10] *i++erent
1 Bar(er t/an t/e initial pr%be i+ t/e s%un* beam 'entre %+ t/e initial pr%be is perpen*i'ular t% t/e si*e %+ t/e
,el* be)el
1 Smaller t/an t/e initial pr%be i+ t/e nearest lar(er pr%be an(le ,as sele'te* +%r t/e initial pr%be
Testing of welds
884 @/en s'annin(. t/e (ain s/all be in'rease* by a minimum %+ > *! ab%)e t/e '%rre'te* primary (ain-
Testin( %+ ,el*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1<>;0-
888 T/e s'annin( J%ne +%r an(le pr%bes in t/e base material s/all be e:amine* ,it/ strai(/t beam Cn%rmal4
pr%bes +%r +eatures t/at mi(/t in+luen'e t/e an(le beam testin(- T/e s'annin( J%ne is *e+ine* as 1-= +ull s&ip
*istan'e- Features inter+erin( ,it/ t/e s'annin( s/all be rep%rte*-
884 T/e ,el*s s/all ,/ene)er +easible be teste* +r%m b%t/ si*es %n t/e same sur+a'e an* in'lu*e s'annin(
+%r b%t/ trans)erse an* l%n(itu*inal in*i'ati%ns- F%r T-G%ints an* plate t/i'&ness ab%)e <0 mm. s'annin( +r%m
b%t/ sur+a'es an* all a''essible si*es s/all be per+%rme*-
!valuation of indications
Ta6le D-4 9aren% $a%erial %hic0ness an" rela%e" 9r!6e angle
Parent material thic.ness+ T Probe angle
1= t% ;0 mm
;= an* >0 %r <0
C<0 ,/en e V %r K (r%%)e4
T _ ;0 mm
;= an* >0 %r <0
C<0 ,/en e V %r K (r%%)e4
1= t% ;0 mm
;= an* >0 %r <0
C<0 ,/en e V %r K (r%%)e4
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age &63
88# F%r e)aluati%n %+ in*i'ati%ns t/e (ain s/all be re*u'e* by t/e in'rease* *! le)el use* *urin( s'annin(-
885 All in*i'ati%ns e2ual t% %r e:'ee*in( ##L %+ t/e re+eren'e 'ur)e Ce)aluati%n le)el4 s/all be e)aluate*-
T/e in*i'ati%ns s/all be in)esti(ate* by ma:imisin( t/e e'/%es by r%tatin( t/e pr%bes an* by usin( *i++erent
an(le pr%bes ,it/ DA establis/e* a''%r*in( t% #"1 an* #""-
88& T/e len(t/ %+ an in*i'ati%n s/all be *etermine* by measurin( t/e *istan'e bet,een t/e p%ints ,/ere t/e
e'/% amplitu*e e:'ee*s t/e e)aluati%n le)el usin( t/e +i:e* le)el te'/ni2ue-
882 T/e +inal e)aluati%n a(ainst t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be base* %n t/e e'/% amplitu*e an* len(t/
measure* ,it/ t/e pr%be an(le (i)in( t/e ma:imum resp%nse-
Reporting
88: Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10>- In a**iti%n t% t/e items liste* in ISO 1<>;0 t/e
+%ll%,in( s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e ultras%ni' testin( rep%rt0
1 i*enti+i'ati%n %+ t/e ultras%ni' testin( pr%'e*ure use*
1 t/e len(t/ %+ a''eptable in*i'ati%ns ,it/ amplitu*e e:'ee*in( =0L %+ t/e re+eren'e 'ur)e-
3 4** Man'al 'l%ras!nic %es%ing !+ 1el"s 1i%h CRA ."'(le,= !%her s%ainless s%eels an" nic0el all!7
s%eel/ 1el" "e(!si%s
General
4*) 8ltras%ni' testin( s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ !#00. ISO ""F"=. ISO 1<>;0. an* as re2uire*
bel%,-
4*4 @el* *ep%sits in *uple:. austeniti' stainless steels an* ni'&el all%ys /a)e a '%arse (rain stru'ture ,it/
)ariati%ns in (rain siJe an* stru'ture resultin( in unpre*i'table +lu'tuati%ns in attenuati%n an* ultras%ni' beam
patterns- Duple: an* austeniti' stainless steel base materials. in parti'ular +%r(in(s an* 'astin(s. ,ill /a)e t/e
same '/ara'teristi's-
8ltras%ni' testin( %+ ,el*s ,it/ RA C*uple:. %t/er stainless steels an* ni'&el all%y steel4 ,el* *ep%sits ,ill
in %r*er t% a'/ie)e an a*e2uate *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns re2uire t/at spe'ial 'alibrati%n bl%'&s an* pr%bes are
use* +%r testin( %+ ,el*s in t/ese materials- An(le pr%bes (eneratin( '%mpressi%n ,a)es s/all be use*. but
alternati)e ,a)e+%rms may be empl%ye* pr%)i*in( pr%'e*ure te'/ni2ues /a)e been *em%nstrate* an* pr%)i*e
e2ui)alent *ete'ti%n 'apabilities-
3ltrasonic testing procedures
4*8 Spe'i+i' ultras%ni' testin( pr%'e*ures s/all be *e)el%pe* +%r t/is testin( in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/is '/apter an*
in'lu*in( t/e in+%rmati%n re2uire* in !10" an* !#0#- T/e pr%'e*ure s/all be submitte* +%r a''eptan'e pri%r t% start
%+ testin(-
Personnel *ualifications
4*4 In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements (i)en in A=00 pers%nnel per+%rmin( testin( %+ ,el*s ,it/ *uple:. %t/er
stainless steels an* ni'&el all%y steel ,el* *ep%sits s/all be 2uali+ie* +%r %r *%'ument a*e2uate e:perien'e an*
trainin( +%r t/is type %+ ultras%ni' testin(-
$anual ultrasonic testing e*uipment
4*# T/e re2uirements (i)en in !#0< an* !#0F s/all apply
Probes
4*5 In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements (i)en in !#0H. !#10 an* !#11. t/e re2uirements bel%, s/all apply-
4*& Pr%bes use* +%r testin( s/%ul* be strai(/t beam trans*u'ers an* t,in 'rystal CtransmitterIre'ei)er4
'%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes %+ ;=]. >0] an* <0]- In a**iti%n similar s/ear-,a)e an(le pr%bes s/all be use*. i+
+%un* suitable-
4*2 In (eneral. usin( a '%mbinati%n %+ s/ear an* '%mpressi%n ,a)e an(le pr%bes is re'%mmen*e* sin'e t/e
*ete'ti%n %+ S%pen t% sur+a'eT imper+e'ti%ns %n t/e %pp%site sur+a'e %+ t/e s'annin( sur+a'e. e-(- in'%mplete
penetrati%n %r la'& %+ +usi%n. may in'rease by usin( s/ear ,a)e pr%bes- It must. /%,e)er. be )eri+ie* by usin(
'alibrati%n bl%'&s ,it/ a'tual ,el* '%nne'ti%ns. see ;1F bel%,. t/at an(le s/ear ,a)e pr%bes are suitable-
4*: reep ,a)e pr%bes s/all be use* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ sub sur+a'e *e+e'ts 'l%se t% t/e s'annin( sur+a'e. unless
testin( 'an be per+%rme* +r%m %pp%site si*es-
Reference bloc.s for setting of reference levels
4)* In a**iti%n t% t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s as *es'ribe* in !#1=. !#1> an* !#1<. re+eren'e bl%'&s prepare* +r%m
t/e a'tual test material an* '%ntainin( ,el*s pr%*u'e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e a'tual @PS s/all be use* +%r
establis/in( t/e DA- T/ese re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all /a)e t/e ,el* (r%un* +lus/ an* t/e sur+a'e '%n*iti%n %+ t/e
'alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all be typi'al %+ t/e '%n*iti%n %+ t/e parent materialCs4 in t/e s'annin( areas-
4)) T/e re+eren'e bl%'& +%r '%nstru'ti%n %+ DA s/all /a)e si*e *rille* /%les ,it/ *imensi%ns a''%r*in( t%
Table D-# an* l%'ate* as s/%,n in Fi(ure "- T/e len(t/ an* ,i*t/ %+ t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be su++i'ient t%
all%, t/e s'annin( nee*e* +%r '%nstru'ti%n %+ t/e DA-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age &64
Fig're 4
Re+erence 6l!c0 +!r c!ns%r'c%i!n !+ DAC= "i$ensi!ns
N%tes0
14 Si*e *rille* /%les s/all be *rille* in t/e +usi%n line an* in t/e base material- H%les in t/e base material s/all be in t/e same relati)e
p%siti%n as t/e +usi%n line /%les-
"4 H%les s/all be *rille* in b%t/ +usi%n lines an* base material ,/en t,% *issimilar materials are ,el*e* t% ea'/ %t/er-
#4 F%r *%uble si*e* ,el*s. si*e *rille* /%les s/all be l%'ate* in t/e +usi%n line +%r t/e +ull t/i'&ness %+ t/e ,el*-
;4 F%r /%le p%siti%ns ,/en t =0 mm. see Table D-#-
4)4 T/e re+eren'e bl%'& +%r sensiti)ity settin( +%r 'reep ,a)e pr%bes s/all /a)e 0-=. 1-0 an* "-0 mm spar&
er%*e* n%t'/es ,it/ a minimum len(t/ %+ "0 mm as s/%,n in Fi(ure #- T/e l%'ati%n %+ n%t'/es s/all all%,
settin( a(ainst ea'/ in*i)i*ual n%t'/-
Fig're 8
Re+erence 6l!c0 +!r sensi%i-i%7 se%%ing +!r cree( 1a-e (r!6es= "i$ensi!ns
%onstruction of the reference curves /)%0 for angle compression wave probes
Ta6le D-8 Re+erence 3l!c0 Di$ensi!ns
$aterial thic.ness /t0 Thic.ness of reference
bloc. /T0 in
iameter of side drilled hole
in mm
Position of side drilled holes.
T M 1= mm 1= mm %r t "-; 0-"
TI;. TI" an* T#I; 1= mm t M #= mm "= mm %r t
#-0 0-"
#= mm t M =0 mm ;= mm %r t
=0 mm t M 100 mm <= mm %r t
#-0 0-"
T/e *istan'e bet,een t/e t,%
%uter /%les an* t/e nearest sur+a'e
s/all n%t e:'ee* 1" mm-
100 mm t M 1=0 mm
1"= mm %r t
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age &65
4)8 An(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes s/all an* 'an %nly be use* +%r s'annin( ,it/%ut s&ippin(- T/e
'%nstru'ti%n %+ t/e DA 'ur)es usin( an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%be s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t%0
1 ,/en t/e ultras%ni' beam is passin( t/r%u(/ t/e parent metal %nly
1 ,/en ultras%ni' beam is passin( t/r%u(/ t/e ,el* metal-
4)4 @/en t/e ultras%ni' beam is passin( t/r%u(/ t/e parent metal %nly t/e DA 'ur)e s/all be '%nstru'te* +r%m
t/e *rille* /%les in t/e parent material %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&s. see Fi(ure "- Ne:t. a ma:imum resp%nse s/all be
%btaine* +r%m t/e /%les in t/e ,el* +usi%n line an* i+ ne'essary. t/e (ain settin( s/all be a*Guste* su'/ t/at t/is
resp%nse rea'/ t/e DA '%nstru'te* a(ainst *rille* /%les in t/e parent material- T/is s/all be t/e primary (ain t%
be use* ,/en l%'atin( in*i'ati%ns %n t/e +usi%n line %n t/e si*e %+ t/e ,el* nearest t% t/e s'annin( si*e-
4)# @/en t/e ultras%ni' beam is passin( t/r%u(/ t/e ,el* metal. t/e DA 'ur)e s/all be '%nstru'te* +r%m
t/e /%les *rille* in t/e +usi%n line %n t/e si*e %+ t/e ,el* %pp%site t% t/e s'annin( si*e- See Fi(ure "- T/is DA
s/all be )eri+ie* a(ainst t/e /%les *rille* in t/e base material- Any )ariati%ns must be n%te* s% t/at e'/%es
re+le'te* +r%m in*i'ati%ns ,it/in t/e ,el* J%ne 'an be e)aluate* +%r amplitu*e resp%nse-
Transfer correction
4)5 Sin'e '%mpressi%n ,a)e an(le pr%bes 'an %nly be use* ,it/%ut s&ippin(. trans+er '%rre'ti%n 'an n%t be
per+%rme*- T/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&s must t/ere+%re /a)e a sur+a'e +inis/ similar t% t/e pr%*u'ti%n material-
Sensitivity setting for creep wave probes
4)& T/e re+eren'e bl%'& s/%,n in Fi(ure # s/all be use* +%r sensiti)ity settin( +%r 'reep ,a)e pr%bes- T/e
e'/% resp%nse +r%m t/e 1-0 mm n%t'/ s/all be set t% <=L %+ FSH-
Shear wave angle probes
4)2 I+ s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes are '%nsi*ere* +%r s&ippe* s'annin( %r in t/e r%%t area %+ sin(le si*e* ,el*s. it
must be )eri+ie* %n t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s ,it/ ,el*s. see Fi(ure ". i+ it is p%ssible t% %btain a DA ,it/ a s/ear
,a)e an(le pr%be t/at is '%mparable t% t/e DA %btaine* ,it/ an an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%be-
Preparation of weld and scanning surfaces for testing
4): Pri%r t% startin( t/e testin( t/e e:ternal ,el* 'ap s/all be (r%un* +lus/ ,it/ t/e a*Ga'ent base material-
T/e sur+a'e +inis/ %+ t/e ,el* an* t/e s'annin( areas s/all be as t/at %n t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s t% be use* %r better-
Probe selection
44* In a**iti%n t% t/e strai(/t beam pr%be minimum t,% an(le pr%bes s/all be use* +%r t/e testin(. see t/e
(ui*an'e (i)en in Table D-" an* !#"< t/r%u(/ !##1-
44) @/ere t/e ,el* '%n+i(urati%n %r a*Ga'ent parts %+ t/e %bGe't are su'/ t/at s'annin( +r%m b%t/ si*es is n%t
p%ssible. t,% a**iti%nal pr%bes s/all al,ays be use*-
3 #** Man'al $agne%ic (ar%icle %es%ing !+ 1el"s
General
#*) 6a(neti' parti'le testin( s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ ISO 1<>#F an* as re2uire* bel%,-
#*4 6a(neti' parti'le testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% a''epte* pr%'e*ures-
$agnetic particle testing procedures
#*8 6a(neti' parti'le testin( pr%'e*ures s/all be a''%r*in( t% !10" t/r%u(/ !10; an* in'lu*e0
1 type %+ ma(netisati%n
1 type %+ e2uipment
1 sur+a'e preparati%n
1 ,et %r *ry met/%*
1 ma&e an* type %+ ma(neti' parti'les an* '%ntrast paint
1 ma(netisin( 'urrent C+%r pr%* ma(netisin(. t/e pr%* type an* spa'in( s/all be state*4
1 *ema(netisati%n
1 *es'ripti%n %+ t/e testin( te'/ni2ue-
#*4 N% spe'ial pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n tests is re2uire*-
$agnetising e*uipment
#*# T/e e2uipment s/all be teste* at ma:imum > m%nt/s inter)al t% )eri+y t/at t/e re2uire* +iel* stren(t/ is
establis/e* at t/e ma:imum p%le *istan'eIpr%* spa'in( t% be use*- T/e results s/all be re'%r*e*-
#*5 Pr%*s s/all be s%+t tippe* ,it/ lea* %r similar- Spar&s bet,een t/e pr%*s an* t/e material teste* s/all be a)%i*e*-
#*& Ele'tr%ma(neti' A y%&es s/all *e)el%p a minimum li+tin( +%r'e %+ ;-= &( at ma:imum p%le *istan'e
%n a bl%'& ,it/ e2ui)alent ma(neti' pr%perties as t/e %bGe't t% be teste*- T/e li+tin( +%r'e s/all be '/e'&e* pri%r
t% start %+ any testin( an* at re(ular inter)als *urin( testin(-
#*2 8se %+ permanent ma(nets an* D y%&es may %nly be use* +%r spe'i+i' appli'ati%ns i+ re2uire* by
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age &66
nati%nal re(ulati%ns an* subGe't t% a(reement-
)pplication techni*ues
#*: 6a(neti' parti'le testin( s/all n%t be per+%rme* %n parts ,it/ sur+a'e temperatures e:'ee*in( #00]-
!et,een >0] an* #00]. %nly *ry ma(neti' parti'le testin( s/all be use*-
etection media
#)* F%r b%t/ ,et %r *ry parti'les. t/ey s/all pr%)i*e a*e2uate '%ntrast ,it/ t/e ba'&(r%un* %r t/e sur+a'e
bein( teste*-
;iewing conditions
#)) Testin( ,it/ +lu%res'ent ma(neti' parti'les s/all be '%n*u'te* in a *ar&ene* area ,it/ ma:imum "0 lu:
ba'&(r%un* li(/t. usin( +iltere* ultra)i%let li(/t ,it/ ,a)e len(t/s in t/e ran(e %+ #"00 t% #H00 f- T/e
minimum 8V li(/t intensity s/all be 1000 @I'm
"
- Operat%rsIinterpreters s/all all%, su++i'ient time +%r
eyesi(/t t% a*Gust t% t/e *ar& surr%un*in(s- Interpreters s/all n%t ,ear p/%t%-'/r%mati' )ie,in( ai*s-
F%r '%l%r '%ntrast te'/ni2ue. t/e minimum )ie,in( '%n*iti%ns s/all be 1000 l: ,/ite li(/t at t/e area %+
interest-
Reporting
#)4 Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10>- In a**iti%n t% t/e items liste* in ISO 1<>#F t/e
+%ll%,in( s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e testin( rep%rt0
1 I*enti+i'ati%n %+ t/e testin( pr%'e*ure use*-
3 5** Man'al li<'i" (ene%ran% %es%ing !+ 1el"s
General
5*) Bi2ui* penetrant testin( s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ ISO #;=" an* as re2uire* bel%,
5*4 Bi2ui* penetrant testin( s/%ul* %nly be use* %n n%n-+err%ma(neti' materials %r materials ,it/ (reat
)ariati%n in ma(neti' permeability-
5*8 Bi2ui* penetrant testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% a''epte* pr%'e*ures- Vie,in( '%n*iti%ns s/all
be minimum 1000 l: at t/e area %+ interest-
Procedures
5*4 Bi2ui* penetrant testin( pr%'e*ures s/all be a''%r*in( t% !10" t/r%u(/ !10; an* in'lu*e0
1 sur+a'e preparati%n
1 ma&e an* type %+ penetrant. rem%)er. emulsi+ier an* *e)el%per
1 *etails %+ pre-testin( 'leanin( an* *ryin(. in'lu*in( materials use* an* time all%,e* +%r *ryin(
1 *etails %+ penetrant appli'ati%n0 t/e time t/e penetrant remains %n t/e sur+a'e. t/e temperature %+ t/e sur+a'e an*
penetrant *urin( t/e testin( Ci+ n%t ,it/in t/e 1=] t% #=] ran(e4
1 *etails %+ *e)el%per appli'ati%n. an* *e)el%pin( time be+%re e)aluati%n
1 met/%* +%r p%st-test 'leanin(-
)pplication techni*ues
5*# T/e penetrati%n an* *e)el%pin( times s/all be l%n( en%u(/ t% all%, e++e'ti)e *ete'ti%n %+ t/e smallest
in*i'ati%ns all%,e*- T/e penetrati%n time s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e manu+a'turers re'%mmen*ati%n. minimum 1=
minutes- De)el%pment time s/%ul* be at least e2ual t% t/e penetrati%n time- T/e inspe'ti%n area s/all be
m%nit%re* *urin( *e)el%pin( time- Dem%nstrati%n %+ a*e2uate *ete'ti%n s/all be per+%rme* +%r s/%rt
penetrati%n times-
5*5 @/en t/e temperature %+ t/e sur+a'e an* t/e penetrant is ,it/in t/e ran(e 1=] t% #=]. n% spe'ial
pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n tests s/%ul* be re2uire*-
Outsi*e t/e temperature ran(e 10] t% =0]. t/e pr%'e*ure s/all be 2uali+ie* an* a suitable '%mparat%r bl%'&
s/all be use* t% '%mpare in*i'ati%ns +r%m sur+a'e *e+e'ts teste* ,it/in an* %utsi*e t/e ran(e *urin( t/e
pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n-
Reporting
5*& Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10>-
3 &** Man'al e""7 c'rren% %es%ing !+ 1el"s
General
&*) E**y 'urrent testin( s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ ISO 1<>;#- T/e limitati%ns (i)en in ISO
1<>;#. para(rap/ >-#. n%tes 1 an* " s/all apply-
&*4 E**y 'urrent testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% a''epte* pr%'e*ures-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '%%
Procedure
&*8 E**y 'urrent testin( pr%'e*ures s/all '%ntain t/e in+%rmati%n in !10" an*0
1 type %+ instrument
1 type %+ pr%be
1 +re2uen'y settin(
1 'alibrati%n bl%'&s an* 'alibrati%n *etails
1 sur+a'e '%n*iti%n re2uirements
1 s'annin( *etails
1 re'%r*in( *etails-
!*uipment
&*4 E**y 'urrent e2uipment. in'lu*in( pr%bes an* 'ables. s/all be 'alibrate* at ma:imum > m%nt/s inter)als
an* s/all /a)e 'alibrati%n 'erti+i'ati%n pertainin( t% t/e '/ara'teristi's %+ t/e e2uipment-
&*# Fun'ti%nal '/e'&s %+ t/e e**y 'urrent e2uipment s/all be 'arrie* %ut ,/ene)er it /as been %ut %+ +un'ti%n
+%r any reas%n in'lu*in( %nI%++. an* ,/ene)er t/ere is any *%ubt '%n'ernin( pr%per +un'ti%nin( %+ t/e
e2uipment-
&*5 All 'alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all be mar&e* ,it/ an i*enti+i'ati%n t/at relates t% t/e spe'i+i' appli'ati%n %+
ea'/ bl%'&-
Surface conditions
&*& E:'ess ,el* spatter. s'ale. rust an* l%%se paint s/all be rem%)e* be+%re t/e inspe'ti%n-
)pplication techni*ues
&*2 ISO 1<>;# s/all apply-
Reporting
&*: Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10>- In a**iti%n t% t/e items liste* in ISO 1<>;# t/e
+%ll%,in( s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e testin( rep%rt0
1 I*enti+i'ati%n %+ t/e testin( pr%'e*ure use*-
3 2** Dis'al e,a$ina%i!n !+ 1el"s
General
2*) Visual e:aminati%n %+ ,el*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1<>#< an* a''epte* pr%'e*ures-
2*4 Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1<>#<- In a**iti%n t% t/e items liste* in ISO 1<>#< t/e +%ll%,in(
s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e testin( rep%rt0
1 I*enti+i'ati%n %+ t/e testin( pr%'e*ure use*-
3 :** Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r $an'al n!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ 1el"s 1i%h n!$inal s%rains Q *.4B
an" n! ECA
General
:*) T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria (i)en in Table D-;. Table D-=. Table D-> an* Table D-< are appli'able +%r n%n-
*estru'ti)e testin( %+ ,el*s e:p%se* t% n%minal strains M 0-;L-
:*4 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria use t/e term *e+e't t% *e+ine an imper+e'ti%nIin*i'ati%n t/at /as e:'ee*e* (i)en
*imensi%ns an* t/us is *eeme* una''eptable-
:*8 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria (i)en in Table D-= assume t/at multi-pass ,el*s are use* an* t/at t/e /ei(/t %+
*e+e'ts ,ill n%t e:'ee* 0-"= t %r t/e /ei(/t %+ a ,el*in( pass- T/e /ei(/t %+ t/e ,el*in( pass s/all be assume*
n%t t% be m%re t/an # mm- I+ ,el*in( met/%*s resultin( in /i(/er ,el*in( passes are use* CSA@. S%ne-s/%tT
,el*in( et'-4. +la, in*i'ati%ns e2ual %r lar(er t/an t/e len(t/ limits (i)en in t/e tables s/all be /ei(/t
*etermine* ,it/ ultras%ni' testin(- I+ t/e /ei(/t e:'ee*s 0-" t. t/e *e+e't is n%t a''eptable unless pr%)en t% meet
t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r ultras%ni' testin( in Table D->-
Pipeline girth welds
:*4 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria (i)en in Table D-;. Table D-= an* Table D-> are (enerally appli'able +%r manual
n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% t%tal n%minal strains M 0-;L-
:*# A''eptan'e 'riteria appli'able +%r aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( CA8T4 %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t%
t%tal n%minal strains M 0-;L are (i)en in Appen*i: E-
:*5 I+ t/e all%,able *e+e't siJes are establis/e* by an EA +%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% t%tal n%minal
strains 0-;L. t/e pr%)isi%ns a''%r*in( t% !1000 s/all apply-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '%$
6elds in pipeline components
:*& T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria (i)en in Table D-;. Table D-= an* Table D-> are (enerally appli'able +%r manual
n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ ,el*s in pipeline '%mp%nents- F%r (irt/ ,el*s '%nne'tin( a '%mp%nent t% t/e pipeline
%r +%r pup-pie'es ,el*e* t% t/e '%mp%nent. t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s s/all apply. unless %t/er
a''eptan'e 'riteria are (i)en in t/e *esi(n. manu+a'ture an* testin( *ata +%r t/e '%mp%nent-
:*2 F%r ,el*s e:p%se* t% t%tal n%minal strains 0-;L. t/e all%,able *e+e't siJes s/all be establis/e* by an
EA an* t/e pr%)isi%ns a''%r*in( t% !1000 s/all apply-
3 )*** ECA 6ase" n!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing acce(%ance cri%eria +!r (i(eline gir%h 1el"s
General
)**) A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s 'an be base* %n an En(ineerin( riti'al Assessment CEA4-
)**4 @/ene)er a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r NDT are establis/e* by an EA. t/e EA s/all be per+%rme* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements (i)en in Appen*i: A-
)**8 I+ a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r ,el* *e+e'ts are base* %n an EA an* /en'e in)%l)es siJin( %+ in*i'ati%n
/ei(/t an* len(t/s. manual ultras%ni' testin( %r aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( s/all be per+%rme*-
)**4 SiJin( %+ in*i'ati%n /ei(/t an* len(t/ by manual %r aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( ,ill /a)e in/erent
ina''ura'ies- T/e all%,able *e+e't siJes *eri)e* +r%m an EA must a''%r*in(ly be '%rre'te* +%r t/e ultras%ni'
testin( un'ertainty CsiJin( err%r4 as +%ll%,s0
1 I+ t/e EA (i)es t/e all%,able *e+e't siJe t/e siJin( err%r s/all be subtra'te* +r%m t/e 'al'ulate* all%,able
*e+e't /ei(/t an* len(t/ t% establis/ t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r n%n-*estru'ti)e testin(-
1 I+ t/e EA (i)es t/e material pr%perties an* stressesIstrains all%,e* t% t%lerate a (i)en *e+e't siJe t/e siJin(
err%r s/all be a**e* t% t/e *e+e't /ei(/t an* len(t/ use* as input int% t/e EA t% establis/ t/e a''eptan'e
'riteria +%r n%n-*estru'ti)e testin(-
)**# I+ an embe**e* *e+e't is l%'ate* 'l%se t% a sur+a'e. su'/ t/at t/e li(ament /ei(/t is less t/an /al+ t/e
*e+e't /ei(/t. t/e li(ament /ei(/t bet,een t/e *e+e't an* t/e sur+a'e s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e *e+e't /ei(/t-
)utomated ultrasonic testing uncertainty data
)**5 I+ aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( CA8T4 is use* +%r testin( %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s. t/e un'ertainty *ata
use* s/all be %btaine* +r%m t/e 2uali+i'ati%n testin( %+ t/e aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( system re2uire* in
Appen*i: E-
$anual ultrasonic testing uncertainty data
)**& F%r manual ultras%ni' testin( t/e *ata use* +%r 2uantitati)e estimates %+ un'ertainty per+%rman'e an*
reliability in t/e siJin( %+ in*i'ati%n len(t/ an* /ei(/t. s/all pre+erably be %+ t/e Smeasure* resp%nse )ersus
a'tual +la, siJeT type- T/e estimates s/all be base* %n publis/e* results +r%m '%mpre/ensi)e stu*ies int% t/e
reliability %+ manual ultras%ni' testin(-
)**2 I+ a*e2uate *ata +%r manual ultras%ni' testin( are n%t a)ailable. t/e siJin( err%r s/all n%t be ta&en as less
t/an "-= mm-
)cceptance criteria based on !%) assessment
)**: Appen*i: A (i)es re2uirements +%r establis/in( all%,able *e+e't siJes base* %n an EA assessment-
)*)* A''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be establis/e* by '%rre'tin( t/e all%,able *e+e't siJes *eri)e* +r%m t/e EA ,it/
t/e ultras%ni' testin( un'ertainty in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 100= %r 100> an* 100<-
G'i"ance n!%eF
A''eptan'e 'riteria base* %n EA ,ill +re2uently all%, si(ni+i'antly lar(er in*i'ati%ns t/an ,%r&mans/ip base*
a''eptan'e 'riteria- In %r*er t% maintain a /i(/ stan*ar* %+ ,el*in( EA base* all%,able *e+e't siJes may be use* as
a ,el* repair 'riteri%n rat/er t/an as a''eptan'e 'riteri%n- riteria t/at are m%re restri'ti)e are t/en use* as a measure
%+ t/e ,el*in( stan*ar* %btaine*- I+ t/ese m%re restri'ti)e 'riteria are e:'ee*e*. it s/%ul* be re2uire* t/at pre)entati)e
%r '%rre'ti)e a'ti%ns are per+%rme* t% maintain t/e re2uire* ,el*in( stan*ar*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '%&
Ta6le D-4 Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r -is'al e,a$ina%i!n an" s'r+ace $e%h!" %es%ing !+ 1el"s
)/ 4/
;isual e"amination
E:ternal pr%+ile
Cn%t rele)ant +%r SA@B in pipe
mills4
@el*s s/all /a)e a re(ular +inis/ an* mer(e sm%%t/ly int% t/e base material an*
s/all n%t e:ten* bey%n* t/e %ri(inal G%int preparati%n by m%re t/an # mm C= mm
+%r SA@ ,el*s4-
Fillet ,el*s s/all be %+ spe'i+ie* *imensi%ns an* re(ular in +%rm-
ap an* r%%t rein+%r'ement /ei(/t
CB%n(itu*inal ,el*s4
E:ternal ,el*s0 F%r t M 1# mm0 ma:- #-0
mm-
F%r t 1# mm0 ma:- ;-0 mm
Internal ,el*s0 ma:- #-= mm
T/e ra*ial %++set %+ HF@ linepipe
s/all n%t re*u'e t/e t/i'&ness t% ,el*
t% less t/an t
min
-
@el* +las/ CHF@ pipe l%n(itu*inal
,el*s %nly4
T/e e:ternal +las/ s/all be trimme* essentially +lus/ ,it/ t/e pipe sur+a'e. ,it/
n% n%ti'eable ra*ial step-
T/e internal +las/ s/all n%t e:ten* ab%)e t/e '%nt%ur %+ t/e pipe by m%re t/an 0-#
mm W 0-0= t4- T/e trimmin( s/all n%t re*u'e t/e ,all t/i'&ness t% bel%, t
min
. an*
t/e (r%%)e resultin( +r%m t/e trimmin( s/all /a)e a sm%%t/ transiti%n t% t/e base
material ,it/%ut n%t'/es an* t/e *ept/ s/all be ma:- 0-0= t- Csee ISO #1F# Table
1=4
ap an* r%%t rein+%r'ement /ei(/t
CD%uble si*e* (irt/ ,el*s4
Hei(/t M 0-" t. but ma:- ;-0 mm
ap rein+%r'ement CSin(le si*e*
,el*s4
Hei(/t M 0-" t. but ma:- ;-0 mm
R%%t penetrati%n CSin(le si*e*
,el*s4
Hei(/t M 0-" t. but ma:- #-0 mm- Ben(t/ %+ e:'ess penetrati%n0 ma: "= mm
@el* interpenetrati%n C*%uble-si*e*
SA@ in pipe mills4
Opti%n 14 minimum 1-0 mm %)erlap in t/e ra*ial *ire'ti%n
Opti%n "4 @i*t/ %+ %)erlap t% be measure* ,it/ a strai(/t line perpen*i'ular t%
t/e ra*ial *ire'ti%n- T/e len(t/ s/all be minimum "0L %+ n%minal @T %r = mm.
,/i'/e)er is less-
ap '%n'a)ity N%t permitte*-
R%%t '%n'a)ity At n% p%int s/all t/e ,el* t/i'&ness be less t/an t
min
O++set %+ stripIplate e*(es
CB%n(itu*inal ,el*s4
F%r t 1= mm ma:- 1-# mm
F%r 1= mm M t "= mm ma:- 0-1 t
F%r t _ "= mm ma:- "-0 mm
F%r ,el*s in 'la*Iline* material t/e
%++set s/all n%t re*u'e t/e e++e'ti)e
t/i'&ness %+ t/e 'la**in(Ilinin( in t/e
r%%t area
Hi(/Il%, %n r%%t si*e %+ sin(le si*e*
(irt/ ,el*s
F%r t 1# mm ma:- 1-# mm
F%r 1# mm M t "0 mm ma:- 0-1 t
F%r t _ "0 mm ma:- "-0 mm
F%r ,el*s in 'la*Iline* material t/e
%++set s/all n%t re*u'e t/e e++e'ti)e
t/i'&ness %+ t/e 'la**in(Ilinin( in t/e
r%%t area
Trans)erse misali(nment %+ ,el*
bea*s +%r *%uble si*e* ,el*s
ma:- #-0 mm +%r t "0 mm ma:- ;-0 mm +%r t _ "0 mm
De)iati%n %+ ,el* t%e +r%m a strai(/t
line C*%uble-si*e* SA@ in pipe
mills4
T/e ,el* t%e s/all run parallel t% t/e ,el* l%n(itu*inal a:is- T/e ma:imum
*e)iati%n ,it/in any se'ti%n %+ #00 mm len(t/ is 0-"0 t. but n%t m%re t/an ;-0 mm-
A strai(/t line s/all be %riente* parallel t% t/e l%n(itu*inal a:is %+ t/e ,el* Ce-(-
t/e l%n(itu*inal a:is %+ t/e pipe4- T/e *istan'e +r%m t/is line t% t/e ,el* t%e s/all
be *etermine*. an* t/e *i++eren'e bet,een t/e p%int 'l%sest an* +art/est +r%m t/e
line s/all n%t e:'ee* t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria-
CO66ENT0 t/e intenti%n is t% *etermine t/e presen'e %+ b%t/ ,a)in( bea*I*%(-
le( an* ,i*enin(Inarr%,in( %+ t/e ,el* 'ap - b%t/ %+ ,/i'/ in*i'ates unstable
,el*in( pr%'ess- T/is s/%ul* n%t be a reas%n t% reGe't t/e pipe. sin'e t/e 'ap 'an
be (r%un*- !ut an inspe't%r s/all be in+%rme* be+%re any (rin*in(. an* measures
t% impr%)e t/e ,el*in( pra'ti'e s/all be implemente*4
8n*er'ut In*i)i*ual un*er'uts
A''umulate* len(t/ %+ un*er'uts in
any #00 mm len(t/ %+ ,el*0
Dept/ * Permitte* len(t/
* _ 1-0 mm N%t permitte* N%ne
1-0 mm * _ 0-= mm =0 mm
M ; t. ma:- 100 mm-
0-= mm * _ 0-" mm 100 mm
* M 0-" mm unlimite* unlimite*
ra'&s. Ar' burns. StartIst%p 'ratersI
p%%r restart. Sur+a'e p%r%sity
N%t permitte*-
Ba'& %+
penetrati%nIla'& %+
+usi%n
N%t permitte* +%r ,el*s in *uple: stainless steel. RAs an* 'la*Iline* steel
In*i)i*ual a''eptable len(t/0 t. ma:- "= mm-
A''umulate* len(t/ in any #00 mm len(t/ %+ ,el*0 t. ma:- =0 mm-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '%'
Systemati' imper+e'ti%ns Imper+e'ti%ns t/at are *istribute* at re(ular *istan'es %)er t/e len(t/ %+ t/e ,el*
are n%t permitte* e)en i+ t/e siJe %+ any sin(le imper+e'ti%n meets t/e
re2uirements ab%)e
!urn t/r%u(/ N%t permitte* +%r ,el*s in *uple: stainless steel. RAs an* 'la*Iline* steel-
A''eptable +%r ,el*s in -6n an* l%, all%y steels pr%)i*e* t/at ,el* t/i'&ness
at n% p%int is less t/an t an*0
1 In*i)i*ual len(t/I,i*t/0 tI;. ma:- ; mm in any *imensi%n-
1 A''umulate* len(t/ in any #00 mm len(t/ %+ ,el*0 tI". ma:- F mm-
Surface testing /$T+ PT and !T0
@all t/i'&ness
mm
Type %+ in*i'ati%ns
R%un*e* Binear
Number Dimensi%n mm Number Dimensi%n mm
1> " ;-0 " "-0
_ 1> " ;-0 " "-0
N%tes0
14 Any t,% imper+e'ti%ns separate* by a *istan'e smaller t/an t/e maG%r *imensi%n %+ t/e smaller imper+e'ti%n s/all be '%nsi*ere*
as a sin(le imper+e'ti%n-
"4 Dete'table imper+e'ti%ns are n%t permitte* in any interse'ti%n %+ ,el*s-
Ta6le D-# Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r ra"i!gra(hic %es%ing !+ 1el"s
Type of defect )cceptance criteria
14 "4 #4104114
'ndividual discontinuities $a"imum accumulated si,e of in any K== mm
weld length for each type of discontinuity
P%r%sity
14 "4
S'attere*
luster
=4
@%rm/%le
H%ll%, bea*
Is%late*
>4
On-line
<4
Diameter0 M tI;. but ma:- # mm
In*i)i*ual p%re0 M" mm. 'luster *iameter ma:-
1" mm
Ben(t/0 tI". but ma:- 1" mm. @i*t/0 tI10. but
ma:- # mm
Ben(t/0 t. but ma:- "= mm. @i*t/0 ma:- 1-= mm
Diameter0 M tI;. ma: # mm
Diameter0 M" mm (r%up len(t/0 "t. but ma:- =0
mm
See N%te ;
One 'luster %r t%tal len(t/ M 1" mm
" ,%rm/%les %r t%tal len(t/ M 1" mm
Ben(t/ " t. but ma:- =0 mm
-
Ben(t/ " t. but ma:- =0 mm
Sla(
14 "4 #4 F4
Is%late*
Sin(le lines
Parallel lines
@i*t/ M # mm
@i*t/0 ma: 1-=
In*i)i*ual ,i*t/0 ma: 1-=
Ben(t/ 1" mm. but ma:- ; %++ separate* by min
=0 mm
Ben(t/ " t. but ma:- =0 mm
Ben(t/ " t. but ma:- "= mm
In'lusi%ns
Tun(sten
%pper. ,ire
Diameter M 0-= t. but ma:- # mm
N%t permitte*
6a: " %++ separate* by min =0 mm
-
Ba'& %+
penetrati%n
14 "4 #4 F4
R%%t
Embe**e*
H4
N%t permitte* +%r ,el*s in *uple: stainless steel.
RAs an* 'la*Iline* steel -
Ben(t/0 t. but ma:- "= mm
Ben(t/0 "t. but ma:- =0 mm
Ben(t/ t. but ma:- "= mm
Ben(t/ " t. but ma:- =0 mm
Ba'& %+ +usi%n
14 "4 #4
F4
Sur+a'e
Embe**e*
N%t permitte* +%r ,el*s in *uple: stainless steel.
RAs an* 'la*Iline* steel
-
Ben(t/0 t. but ma:- "= mm
Ben(t/0 " t. but ma:- =0 mm
Ben(t/ t. but ma:- "= mm
Ben(t/ " t. but ma:- =0 mm
ra'&s N%t permitte* -
S/rin&a(e 'a)ities
an* 'rater pipes
N%t permitte* -
Ta6le D-4 Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r -is'al e,a$ina%i!n an" s'r+ace $e%h!" %es%ing !+ 1el"s
)/ 4/
.C!n%in'e"/
;isual e"amination
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '%1
R%%t '%n'a)ity Ben(t/0 "t. but ma:- =0 mm Ben(t/0 " t. but ma:- =0 mm
R%%t un*er'ut
E:'ess penetrati%n
!urn t/r%u(/
See Table D-> See Table D-;
T%tal a''umulati%n %+ *is'%ntinuities Ce:'lu*in( p%r%sity4
1 6a:imum a''umulati%n %+ *is'%ntinuities in any #00 mm ,el* len(t/ # t. ma: 100 mm-
1 6a:imum a''umulati%n %+ *is'%ntinuities0 1"L %+ t%tal ,el* len(t/-
1 Any a''umulati%n %+ *is'%ntinuities in any 'r%ss se'ti%ns %+ ,el* t/at may '%nstitute a lea& pat/ %r may re*u'e t/e
e++e'ti)e ,el* t/i'&ness ,it/ m%re t/an tI# is n%t a''eptable-
N%tes0
14 Re+er t% t/e a**iti%nal re2uirements in !H0# +%r ,el*in( met/%*s t/at pr%*u'e ,el*in( passes e:'ee*in( 0-"= t-
"4 V%lumetri' imper+e'ti%ns separate* by less t/an t/e len(t/ %+ t/e smallest *e+e't %r *e+e't (r%up s/all be '%nsi*ere* as %ne
imper+e'ti%n-
#4 El%n(ate* imper+e'ti%n situate* in a line an* separate* by less t/an t/e len(t/ %+ t/e s/%rtest *e+e't s/all be '%nsi*ere* as %ne
imper+e'ti%n-
;4 F%r sin(le layer ,el*s0 1-=L %+ pr%Ge'te* area. +%r multi layer ,el*s ,it/ t M 1= mm "L %+ pr%Ge'te* area. +%r multi layer ,el*s
,it/ t 1= mm #L %+ pr%Ge'te* area-
=4 6a:imum 10L p%r%sity in 'luster area-
>4 SIs%late*T p%res are separate* by m%re t/an = times t/e *iameter %+ t/e lar(est p%re-
<4 P%res are SIn a lineT i+ n%t SIs%late*T an* i+ ; %r m%re p%res are t%u'/e* by a line *ra,n t/r%u(/ t/e %uter p%res an* parallel t%
t/e ,el*- SOn-lineT p%res s/all be '/e'&e* by ultras%ni' testin(- I+ ultras%ni' testin( in*i'ates a '%ntinu%us *e+e't. t/e 'riteria +%r
la'& %+ +usi%n *e+e't s/all apply-
F4 Dete'table imper+e'ti%ns are n%t permitte* in any interse'ti%n %+ ,el*s-
H4 Appli'able t% *%uble si*e* ,el*in( ,/ere t/e r%%t is ,it/in t/e mi**le tI# %nly-
104 A''eptan'e 'riteria %+ Table D-; s/all als% be satis+ie*-
114 Systemati' imper+e'ti%ns t/at are *istribute* at re(ular *istan'es %)er t/e len(t/ %+ t/e ,el* are n%t permitte* e)en i+ t/e siJe %+
any sin(le imper+e'ti%n meets t/e re2uirements ab%)e-
Ta6le D-# Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r ra"i!gra(hic %es%ing !+ 1el"s .C!n%in'e"/
Type of defect )cceptance criteria
14 "4 #4104114
'ndividual discontinuities $a"imum accumulated si,e of in any K== mm
weld length for each type of discontinuity
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '%2
3 ))** Re(air !+ 1el"s
))*) A repaire* ,el* s/%ul* be subGe't t% t/e same testin( re2uirements an* a''eptan'e 'riteria as t/e %ri(inal
,el*-
))*4 In 'ases ,/en t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are base* %n an EA. spe'i+i' a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r repair ,el*s
s/all be establis/e* by an EA base* %n t/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness pr%perties %btaine* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e
repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ure-
))*8 Repair ,el*in( %+ 'ra'&s is n%t permitte* unless t/e 'ause %+ 'ra'&in( /as been establis/e* n%t t% be a
systemati' ,el*in( err%r- CI+ t/ere is a 'ra'& in t/e ,el*. t/e ,el* is per *e+initi%n '%nsi*ere* reGe'te*- T/is
means a te'/ni'al e)aluati%n %+ t/e 'ause %+ 'ra'&in( s/all be per+%rme*- I+ it 'an be *em%nstrate* t/at t/e
'ra'& is a S%ne %++T situati%n. t/en repair ,el*in( may be per+%rme* subGe't t% a(reement4-
C. Man'al N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing an" Dis'al E,a$ina%i!n !+ 9la%e= 9i(e an" Wel" O-erla7
C )** General
)*) All n%n-*estru'ti)e testin(. )isual inspe'ti%n %+ plate. pipe an* ,el* %)erlay s/all be a''%r*in( t%
a''epte* pr%'e*ures- N%te t/at t/e re2uirements %+ "00 are n%t appli'able t% plate %r pipe mills. see "01-
)*4 6anual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( an* )isual e:aminati%n pr%'e*ures s/all be prepare* as re2uire* in !10"
t/r%u(/ !10; t% re+le't t/e re2uirements %+ t/e applie* stan*ar*-
)*8 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( an* )isual e:aminati%n %+ plate. pipe an* ,el*
%)erlay are (i)en in >00-
Ta6le D-5 Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r $an'al 'l%ras!nic %es%ing !+ 1el"s
)/ 4/ 8/ 4/ #/ 5/ &/
-ase material thic.ness L mm t B <H mm -ase material thic.ness <H mm t <H= mm
$a". echo amplitude %orresponding acceptable
indication length+ # /mm0
$a". echo amplitude %orresponding acceptable
indication length+ # /mm0
Re+eren'e le)el CDA4 B t Cbut ma:- F mm4 DA W ; *! B 0-=t Cbut ma:- 1"-= mm4
DA E > *! B _ t Cbut ma:- F mm4 DA E " *! 0-= t M B t Cbut ma:- "= mm4
- - DA E > *! B _ t Cbut ma:- "= mm in b%t/ %uter
tI#4
- - DA E > *! B _ t Cbut ma:- =0 mm in mi**le tI#4
ra'&s are n%t permitte*-
&or welds in duple" stainless steel+ %R)s and clad/lined steel: Ba'& %+ +usi%n an* la'& %+ penetrati%n are n%t permitte*-
Transverse indications: In*i'ati%ns s/all be '%nsi*ere* as trans)erse i+ t/e e'/% amplitu*e trans)ersely e:'ee*s t/e e'/%
amplitu*e +r%m t/e same in*i'ati%n l%n(itu*inally ,it/ m%re t/an " *!- Trans)erse in*i'ati%ns are una''eptable unless
pr%)en n%t t% be planar. in ,/i'/ 'ase t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r l%n(itu*inal in*i'ati%ns apply-
&or indications approaching the ma"imum permitted length: It s/all be '%n+irme* t/at t/e in*i'ati%n /ei(/t is less t/an
0-" t %r ma:imum # mm Csee !H0#4-
I+ an embe**e* *e+e't is l%'ate* 'l%se t% a sur+a'e. su'/ t/at t/e li(ament /ei(/t is less t/an /al+ t/e *e+e't /ei(/t. t/e
li(ament /ei(/t bet,een t/e *e+e't an* t/e sur+a'e s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e *e+e't /ei(/t-
Total accumulation of discontinuities: T/e t%tal len(t/ %+ a''eptable in*i'ati%ns ,it/ e'/% amplitu*e %+ re+eren'e le)el
E > *! an* ab%)e s/all n%t e:'ee* # t. ma:imum 100 mm in any ,el* len(t/ %+ #00 mm n%r m%re t/an 1"L %+ t%tal
,el* len(t/- Any a''umulati%n %+ *e+e'ts in any 'r%ss se'ti%n %+ ,el* t/at may '%nstitute a lea& pat/ %r re*u'e t/e
e++e'ti)e t/i'&ness %+ ,el* m%re t/an tI# is n%t a''eptable-
I+ %nly %ne si*e %+ t/e ,el* is a''essible +%r testin( > *! s/all be subtra'te* +r%m t/e ma:imum e'/% permitte* ab%)e-
N%tes0
14 Re+eren'e le)el is *e+ine* as t/e e'/% amplitu*e '%rresp%n*in( t% t/e e'/% +r%m t/e re+le't%r in t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s *es'ribe*
in Fi(ure 1. Fi(ure " an* Fi(ure # %+ t/is appen*i:. %r e2ui)alent re+le't%r-
"4 All in*i'ati%ns e:'ee*in( "0L %+ t/e re+eren'e le)el s/all be in)esti(ate* t% t/e e:tent t/at t/e %perat%r *etermines t/e s/ape.
len(t/ an* l%'ati%n %+ t/e imper+e'ti%n-
#4 In*i'ati%ns t/at 'ann%t be establis/e* ,it/ 'ertainty s/all ,/ene)er p%ssible be teste* ,it/ ra*i%(rap/y- In*i'ati%ns t/at are type
*etermine* in t/is ,ay s/all meet t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria in Table D-=-
;4 B%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns ,/ere t/e e'/% /ei(/t intermittently is bel%, an* ab%)e t/e a''eptan'e le)el s/all i+ p%ssible be
in)esti(ate* ,it/ ra*i%(rap/y- In*i'ati%ns t/at are *etermine* in t/is ,ay s/all meet t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria in Table D-=- I+
ra*i%(rap/y 'ann%t be per+%rme*. t/e len(t/ s/all n%t e:'ee* # t. ma:imum 100 mm in any ,el* len(t/ %+ #00 mm-
=4 Ben(t/ an* *ept/ s/all be *etermine* by an appr%priate met/%*. see !##= an* !##>-
>4 Dete'table imper+e'ti%ns are n%t permitte* in any interse'ti%n %+ ,el*s-
<4 Systemati' imper+e'ti%ns t/at are *istribute* at re(ular *istan'es %)er t/e len(t/ %+ t/e ,el* are n%t permitte* e)en i+ t/e siJe %+
any sin(le imper+e'ti%n meets t/e re2uirements ab%)e-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '%3
)*4 6anual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ plate. pipe an* ,el* %)erlay s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/
t/e stan*ar*s liste* bel%, an* as re2uire* in t/e +%ll%,in(0
ISO 10FH#-F N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part F0 Aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( %+ seamless
an* ,el*e* steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns. App-A-
ISO10FH#-H N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part H0 Aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( +%r t/e
*ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns in stripIplate use* +%r t/e manu+a'ture %+ ,el*e* steel
tubes-
AST6 E1>= Stan*ar* Test met/%* +%r Bi2ui* Penetrant Inspe'ti%n
AST6 E#0H Stan*ar* Pra'ti'e +%r E**y-urrent E:aminati%n %+ Steel Tubular pr%*u'ts 8sin( 6a(neti'
Saturati%n
AST6 E;"> Stan*ar* Pra'ti'e +%r Ele'tr%ma(neti' CE**y urrent4 %+ @el*e* an* Seamless Tubular
Pr%*u'ts. Austeniti' Stainless Steel an* Similar All%ys
AST6 A=<FI=<F Stan*ar* Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r Strai(/t-!eam 8ltras%ni' E:aminati%n %+ Plain an* la* Steel
Plates +%r Spe'ial Appli'ati%ns
AST6 A=<<I=<< Stan*ar* spe'i+i'ati%n +%r 8ltras%ni' An(le-!eam E:aminati%n %+ Steel Plates
ISO HH#; all partsO N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( - 6a(neti' parti'le testin(
ISO #;=" all partsO N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( - Penetrant testin(-
C 4** 9la%e an" (i(e
General
4*) T/ese re2uirements are n%t appli'able +%r plate an* '%il e:amine* at t/e plateI'%il mill as '%)ere* by
subse'ti%n 3. %r +%r linepipe e:amine* at t/e pipe mill as '%)ere* by subse'ti%n H-
General re*uirements for ultrasonic testing
4*4 8ltras%ni' e2uipment s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in !#0< an* !#0F-
4*8 Pr%bes use* +%r testin( %+ pipe an* plate s/all be '/ara'terise* as re2uire* by ISO 10#<= an* ISO 1"<1=-
An(le s/ear-,a)e pr%bes %+ ;=] an* >0] s/all be use* +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels- An(le pr%bes +%r *uple:
stainless steel an* austeniti' steels s/all be t,in 'rystal CtransmitterIre'ei)er4 '%mpressi%n-,a)e pr%bes %+ ;=]
an* >0]- An(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes s/all an* 'an %nly be use* +%r s'annin( ,it/%ut s&ippin(-
Strai(/t beam pr%bes s/all be sin(le %r t,in 'rystal- T,in 'rystal pr%bes s/all be use* ,/en testin( is
per+%rme* %n material ,it/ n%minal t/i'&ness t M >0 mm- T/e +%'usin( J%ne %+ t/e t,in 'rystal pr%bes s/all
be a*apte* t% t/e material t/i'&ness t% be e:amine*-
Sin(le %r t,in 'rystal pr%bes 'an be use* ,/en testin( is per+%rme* %n material ,it/ n%minal t/i'&ness t >0
mm- T/e sin(le 'rystal pr%bes s/all /a)e a *ea* J%ne as small as p%ssible. e-(- 10L %+ t/e material t/i'&ness
%r 1= mm ,/i'/e)er is t/e smaller- Sele'te* pr%bes s/all /a)e a n%minal +re2uen'y in t/e ran(e %+ " 6HJ t%
= 6HJ an* *imensi%ns g 10 mm t% g "= mm-
4*4 T/e II@ %r ISO 'alibrati%n bl%'&s CK1 E K"4 a''%r*in( t% ISO ";00 %r ISO <H># s/all be use* +%r
'alibrati%n %+ ran(e s'ale an* +%r an(le *eterminati%n- T/ese 'alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all. as near as pra'ti'able.
/a)e t/e same a'%usti' pr%perties as t/e material t% be teste*-
$anual ultrasonic thic.ness measurements
4*# 6anual ultras%ni' t/i'&ness measurements s/all be *%ne in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 E<H< %r e2ui)alent
stan*ar*-
3ltrasonic testing for detection of laminar flaws
4*5 6anual ultras%ni' testin( +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar +la,s in steel %t/er t/an 'la*Iline* steel s/all be
per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-F App-A. ISO 10FH#-H App-A %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
4*& 6anual ultras%ni' testin( +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar +la,s in 'la*Iline* steel s/all be *%ne in a''%r*an'e
,it/ AST6 A=<FI=<F6 %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
4*2 T/e sur+a'e '%n*iti%n %+ t/e material s/all permit at least t,% su''essi)e ba'&-,all e'/%es t% be
*istin(uis/e* ,/en t/e pr%be is pla'e* %n any area +ree +r%m internal imper+e'ti%ns-
4*: T/e ran(e s'ale s/all be sele'te* su'/ t/at t/ere are al,ays at least t,% ba'&-,all e'/%es Cre+le'ti%ns4
%n t/e s'reen-
4)* T/e sensiti)ity s/all be base* %n e'/%es re+le'te* +r%m g > mm +lat b%tt%m /%les in re+eren'e bl%'&s %+
t/e material use* %r %+ a material ,it/ similar ,it/ a'%usti' pr%perties-
4)) D3S *ia(ram %r D3S- s'ales 'an be use* pr%)i*e* t/ey are *e)el%pe* +%r t/e pr%be use* an* 'an be
'%rrelate* t% a g > mm +lat b%tt%m /%le-
4)4 T/e pit'/ %+ t/e s'annin( (ri* s/all be small en%u(/ t% ensure *ete'ti%n %+ t/e smallest *e+e't all%,e*
a''%r*in( t% t/e appli'able a''eptan'e 'riteria-
4)8 SiJin( %+ in*i'ati%ns s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-H. App-A-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '%4
$anual ultrasonic testing for detection of transverse and longitudinal flaws
4)4 6anual ultras%ni' testin( +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse an* l%n(itu*inal +la,s in plate an* pipe s/all be
*%ne in (eneral a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 A=<< %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
4)# Pr%bes s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ "0#- A**iti%nal an(le pr%bes ,ill be re2uire* +%r testin( %+ pipe-
4)5 Sensiti)ity +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steel s/all be a DA 'ur)e base* %n re+eren'e bl%'&s ,it/ a
re'tan(ular n%t'/ ,it/ *ept/ #L %+ t/e material t/i'&ness %n b%t/ si*es-
4)& Re+eren'e bl%'&s +%r *uple: stainless steel an* austeniti' steels s/all /a)e %ne g # mm +lat b%tt%m /%le
perpen*i'ular t% t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e %+ t/e pr%be an* at t/e lar(est p%ssible *ept/ +r%m t/e s'annin( sur+a'e
%+ t/e bl%'&- Re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be %+ t/e a'tual material teste* %r %+ a material ,it/ similar ,it/ a'%usti'
pr%perties-
4)2 B%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes may be use* +%r *uple: stainless steel an* austeniti' steels
instea* %+ t,in 'rystal CtransmitterIre'ei)er4 '%mpressi%n-,a)e pr%bes- F%r a''eptan'e. it s/all be )eri+ie* %n
t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s t/at it is p%ssible t% %btain a DA ,it/ a s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%be t/at is '%mparable t% t/e
DA %btaine* ,it/ an an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%be-
4): T/e pit'/ %+ t/e s'annin( (ri* s/all be small en%u(/ t% ensure *ete'ti%n %+ t/e smallest *e+e't all%,e*
a''%r*in( t% t/e appli'able a''eptan'e 'riteria-
44* All re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be mar&e* ,it/ an i*enti+i'ati%n t/at relates t% t/e spe'i+i' appli'ati%n %+ ea'/
bl%'&-
$agnetic particle testing
44) 6anual ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+0
1 plate
1 pipe
1 e*(es
1 be)els
s/all be *%ne in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO HH#; %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
#i*uid penetrant testing
444 6anual li2ui* penetrant testin( %+0
1 plate
1 pipe
1 e*(es
1 be)els
s/all be *%ne in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO#;=" %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*- T/e penetrati%n an* *e)el%pin( times s/all
be l%n( en%u(/ t% all%, e++e'ti)e *ete'ti%n %+ t/e smallest in*i'ati%ns all%,e*-
!ddy current testing
448 6anual e**y 'urrent testin( %+ -6n steel Pipe s/all be *%ne in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 E#0H %r
e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
6anual e**y 'urrent testin( %+ *uple: stainless steels an* austeniti' stainless steels s/all be *%ne in a''%r*an'e
,it/ AST6 E;"> %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
C 8** Wel" !-erla7
8*) 6anual ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ +err%ma(neti' ,el* %)erlay *ep%sits s/all be per+%rme* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO HH#; %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
8*4 6anual li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ n%n-ma(neti' ,el* %)erlay *ep%sits s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e
,it/ ISO #;=" %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
8*8 6anual e**y 'urrent testin( %+ ,el* %)erlay *ep%sits s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 E#0H
%r e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
8*4 6anual ultras%ni' testin( %+ ,el* %)erlay s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-H. App-A %r
e2ui)alent stan*ar* an*0
1 Strai(/t beam pr%bes s/all be t,in 'rystal- T/e +%'usin( J%ne %+ t/e t,in 'rystal pr%bes s/all be a*apte* t%
t/e material t/i'&ness t% be e:amine*-
1 T/e sur+a'e '%n*iti%n %+ t/e material s/all permit at least t,% su''essi)e ba'&-,all e'/%es t% be
*istin(uis/e* ,/en t/e pr%be is pla'e* %n any area +ree +r%m internal imper+e'ti%ns-
1 T/e 'alibrati%n %+ ran(e s'ale s/all be 'arrie* %ut usin( an II@ 'alibrati%n bl%'&. a V" 'alibrati%n bl%'& %r
%n a *e+e't +ree area %+ &n%,n t/i'&ness in t/e material t% be e:amine*- T/e ran(e s'ale is t% be sele'te*
su'/ t/at t/ere are al,ays at least " ba'&-,all e'/%es Cre+le'ti%ns4 %n t/e s'reen-
1 T/e sensiti)ity s/all be base* %n e'/%es re+le'te* +r%m a g # mm +lat b%tt%m /%le in re+eren'e bl%'&s ma*e
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '%5
+r%m a base material ,it/ similar a'%usti' pr%perties %+ t/e a'tual base material ,it/ %)erlay *ep%site*
a''%r*in( t% t/e same @PS as t/e a'tual %)erlay- T/e g # mm +lat b%tt%m /%le s/all be pla'e*
appr%:imately at t/e +usi%n line bet,een %)erlay an* base material- I+ t/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* %+
ma'/ine* %)erlay. t/e s'annin( sur+a'e s/all be ma'/ine* t% t/e same sur+a'e re2uirements as t/e %)erlay-
1 All re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be mar&e* ,it/ an i*enti+i'ati%n t/at relates t% t/e spe'i+i' appli'ati%n %+ ea'/ bl%'&-
Reporting
8*# Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10>-
C 4** Dis'al e,a$ina%i!n
4*) Visual e:aminati%n s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a su++i'iently illuminate* areaO minimum 1000 l:- I+ re2uire*
t% %btain (%%* '%ntrast an* relie+ e++e't bet,een imper+e'ti%ns an* ba'&(r%un* a**iti%nal li(/t s%ur'es s/all
be use*-
4*4 F%r *ire't e:aminati%n t/e a''ess s/all (enerally permit pla'in( t/e eye ,it/in >00 mm %+ t/e sur+a'e t%
be e:amine* an* at an an(le %+ n%t less t/an appr%:imately #0]- I+ t/is is n%t p%ssible t/en t/e use %+ mirr%rs.
b%r%s'%pes. +ibre %pti's %r 'ameras s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
4*8 A su++i'ient am%unt %+ t%%ls. (au(es. measurin( e2uipment an* %t/er *e)i'es s/all be a)ailable at t/e
pla'e %+ e:aminati%n-
4*4 T/e %bGe'ts t% be e:amine* s/all be 'leane* t% rem%)e all s'ale an* pr%'essin( '%mp%un*s pri%r t%
e:aminati%n- T/e 'leanin( pr%'ess s/all n%t inGure t/e sur+a'e +inis/ %r mas& p%ssible imper+e'ti%ns-
4*# Rep%rtin( %+ )isual e:aminati%n s/all in'lu*e0
1 Name %+ manu+a'turer
1 Name %+ e:aminin( '%mpany
1 I*enti+i'ati%n %+ e:amine* %bGe'tCs4
1 6aterial
1 Imper+e'ti%ns e:'ee*in( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria an* t/eir l%'ati%n
1 E:tent %+ e:aminati%n
1 Supplementary s&et'/esI*ra,in(s-
C #** Resi"'al $agne%is$
#*) Resi*ual ma(netism s/all be measure* ,it/ a 'alibrate* Hall e++e't (auss meter %r e2ui)alent e2uipment-
F%ur rea*in(s s/all be ta&en H0] apart ar%un* t/e 'ir'um+eren'e %+ ea'/ en* %+ t/e pipe. an* at e2ual spa'in(
+%r plate en*s- T/e resi*ual ma(netism s/all n%t e:'ee* an a)era(e )alue C%ut %+ ; measurements4 %+ "-0 mT
C"0 3auss4. ,it/ a ma:imum sin(le )alue %+ "-= mT C"= 3auss4- S%me ,el*in( met/%*s may re2uire a m%re
strin(ent a''eptan'e 'riteri%n-
#*4 Any pr%*u't t/at *%es n%t meet t/e re2uirements %+ =01 s/all be '%nsi*ere* *e+e'ti)e-
#*8 All *e+e'ti)e pr%*u'ts s/all be *e-ma(netiJe* +ull len(t/. an* t/en t/eir ma(netism s/all be re-measure*
until at least t/ree '%nse'uti)e pipes meet t/e re2uirements %+ =01-
#*4 T/e re2uirements +%r resi*ual ma(netism s/all apply %nly t% testin( at t/e spe'i+i' l%'ati%n sin'e t/e
resi*ual ma(netism in pr%*u'ts may be a++e'te* by pr%'e*ures an* '%n*iti%ns imp%se* *urin( an* a+ter
/an*lin( an* s/ipment-
C 5** Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r $an'al n!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ (la%e= (i(e an" 1el" !-erla7
Thic.ness measurements
5*) F%r manual ultras%ni' t/i'&ness measurements a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be a''%r*in( t% appli'able
spe'i+i'ati%n %r pr%*u't stan*ar*-
#aminar flaws
5*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual ultras%ni' testin( +%r laminar +la,s in -6n. l%, all%y. *uple:. %t/er
stainless steels an* ni'&el base* '%rr%si%n resistant all%ys CRA4 are (i)en in Table D-1"-
5*8 A''eptan'e 'riteri%n +%r manual ultras%ni' testin( +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar +la,s in 'la* steel is (i)en in
AST6 A">#. A">; %r A">= an* s/all '%rresp%n* t% t/e lass 1 2uality le)el- In a**iti%n. n% areas ,it/
laminati%ns %r la'& %+ b%n*in( are all%,e* %)er a ,i*t/ e:ten*in( at least =0 mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture
,el* preparati%ns-
Transverse and longitudinal flaws
5*4 F%r manual ultras%ni' testin( +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse an* l%n(itu*inal +la,s in -6n an* l%, all%y
steel. t/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n s/all be t/at n% in*i'ati%ns e:'ee* t/e DA 'ur)e establis/e* a(ainst t/e
re'tan(ular n%t'/ ,it/ *ept/ #L %+ t/e t/i'&ness-
F%r manual ultras%ni' testin( +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse an* l%n(itu*inal +la,s in *uple: stainless steel. t/e
a''eptan'e 'riteri%n s/all be t/at n% in*i'ati%ns e:'ee* t/e DA 'ur)e establis/e* a(ainst t/e g # mm +lat
b%tt%m /%le-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '%6
$agnetic particle testing of plate / pipe bevels and edges
5*# A''eptan'e 'riteri%n +%r manual ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ plate I pipe be)els an* e*(es s/all be0
1 N% in*i'ati%ns l%n(er t/an > mm are permitte*-
#i*uid penetrant testing of plate / pipe bevels and edges
5*5 A''eptan'e 'riteri%n +%r manual li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ plate I pipe be)els an* e*(es s/all be0
1 n% in*i'ati%ns l%n(er t/an > mm are permitte*-
!ddy current testing of plate / pipe bevels and edges
5*& A''eptan'e 'riteri%n +%r manual e**y 'urrent testin( %+ pipe I pipe be)els an* e*(es s/all be0
1 n% in*i'ati%ns l%n(er t/an > mm are permitte*-
isposition of defects at plate / pipe bevels and edges
5*2 De+e'ts at pipe be)els an* e*(es s/all be e:amine* ultras%ni'ally as re2uire* in t/is subse'ti%n an* t/e
pipes 'ut ba'& until n% *e+e'ts are present in t/e teste* area-
6eld overlay
5*: A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r as-,el*e* sur+a'es %+ ma(neti' an* n%n ma(neti' ,el* %)erlay +%r )isual
e:aminati%n. ma(neti' parti'le testin(. li2ui* penetrant an* e**y 'urrent testin( are0
1 n% r%un* in*i'ati%ns ,it/ *iameter ab%)e " mm an* n% el%n(ate* in*i'ati%ns
1 in*i'ati%ns separate* by a *istan'e less t/an t/e *iameter %r len(t/ %+ t/e smallest in*i'ati%n. s/all be
'%nsi*ere* as %ne in*i'ati%n
1 a''umulate* *iameters %+ r%un* in*i'ati%ns in any 100 100 mm s/all n%t e:'ee* 10 mm-
5)* A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r ultras%ni' testin( %+ as-,el*e* sur+a'es %+ ma(neti' an* n%n-ma(neti' ,el*
%)erlay s/all be n% l%ss %+ ba'& ,all e'/% an* n% e'/% +r%m an in*i'ati%n s/all e:'ee* >>L %+ t/e e'/% re+le'te*
+r%m g # mm +lat b%tt%m /%les in re+eren'e bl%'&s-
5)) F%r ma'/ine* sur+a'es. a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be espe'ially a(ree* up%n-
5)4 De+e'ts s/all be (r%un* %ut. re-,el*e* an* re-teste* t% meet t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria ab%)e-
5)8 @/en any subse2uent pr%'ess re2uires /%m%(en%us material. i-e- ultras%ni' e:aminati%n. %t/er
a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all apply-
D. N!n-"es%r'c%i-e Tes%ing an" Dis'al E,a$ina%i!n !+ F!rgings
D )** General
)*) All n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ +%r(in(s s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% a''epte* pr%'e*ures-
)*4 6anual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( an* )isual e:aminati%n pr%'e*ures s/all be prepare* as re2uire* in !10"
t/r%u(/ !10; t% re+le't t/e re2uirements %+ t/e applie* stan*ar*-
)*8 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( an* )isual e:aminati%n +%r(in(s are (i)en in
D=00-
)*4 6anual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ +%r(in(s s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e stan*ar*s liste*
bel%, an* as re2uire* in t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 AST6 E1>= Stan*ar* Test met/%* +%r Bi2ui* Penetrant Inspe'ti%n
1 AST6 A#FF Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r 8ltras%ni' E:aminati%n %+ Hea)y Steel F%r(in(s
1 ISO HH#; N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( - 6a(neti' parti'le testin(
1 AST6 A H>1 Stan*ar* Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r %mm%n Re2uirements +%r Steel Flan(es. F%r(e* Fittin(s.
Val)es. an* Parts +%r Pipin( Appli'ati%ns
1 ISO #;=" N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( - Penetrant testin(-
D 4** Ul%ras!nic an" $agne%ic (ar%icle %es%ing !+ C-Mn an" l!1 all!7 s%eel +!rgings
3ltrasonic testing
4*) 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ +%r(in(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 A#FF an* t/e re2uirements
bel%,-
3ltrasonic testing procedures
4*4 8ltras%ni' testin( pr%'e*ures s/all '%ntain t/e in+%rmati%n in !10" an*0
1 type %+ instrument
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '$%
1 type an* *imensi%ns %+ pr%bes
1 ran(e %+ pr%be +re2uen'ies
1 *es'ripti%n %+ re+eren'e bl%'&s
1 'alibrati%n *etails. ran(e an* sensiti)ity
1 sur+a'e re2uirements. in'lu*in( ma:imum temperature
1 type %+ '%uplin( me*ium
1 s'annin( te'/ni2ues supplemente* ,it/ s&et'/es. s/%,in( t/e pr%bes use* an* area '%)ere* by ea'/ pr%be
1 *es'ripti%n %+ met/%*s +%r re'/e'& %+ areas ,it/ re*u'ti%n %r l%ss %+ ba'& re+le'ti%n
1 re'%r*in( *etails-
3ltrasonic )pparatus
4*8 Veri+i'ati%n %+ S'reen Hei(/t Binearity an* Amplitu*e Binearity s/all be per+%rme* at t/e be(innin( %+
ea'/ peri%* %+ e:ten*e* use C%r e)ery # m%nt/s. ,/i'/e)er is less4- Re'%r*s s/all be ma*e a)ailable up%n
re2uest-
Probes
4*4 Strai(/t beam pr%bes ,it/ +re2uen'y " t% = 6HJ an* *imensi%n g 10 t% #0 mm s/all be use*- T/e pr%bes
s/all be sin(le %r t,in 'rystal- T,in 'rystal pr%bes s/all be use* ,/en testin( is per+%rme* %n material ,it/
n%minal t/i'&ness t M >0 mm- T/e +%'usin( J%ne %+ t/e t,in 'rystal pr%bes s/all be a*apte* t% t/e material
t/i'&ness t% be e:amine*-
Sin(le %r t,in 'rystal pr%bes 'an be use* ,/en testin( is per+%rme* %n material ,it/ n%minal t/i'&ness t >0
mm- T/e sin(le 'rystal pr%bes s/all /a)e a *ea* J%ne as small as p%ssible. e-(- 10L %+ t/e material t/i'&ness
%r 1= mm ,/i'/e)er is t/e smaller-
4*# An(le beam pr%bes s/all be use* +%r testin( %n rin(s. /%ll%, an* 'ylin*ri'al se'ti%ns- An(le beam pr%bes
s/all be a)ailable in an(les. %r be pr%)i*e* ,it/ ,e*(es %r s/%es. ran(in( +r%m #0] t% <=]. measure* t% t/e
perpen*i'ular %+ t/e entire sur+a'e %+ t/e +%r(in( bein( teste*-
Reference bloc.s for straight beam testing
4*5 Supplementary re2uirement S1 %+ AST6 A#FF s/all apply. but ,it/ t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal
re2uirements0
1 F%r material t/i'&ness t #F mm t/e +lat b%tt%m /%les s/all be g 1-> mm
1 F%r material t/i'&ness #F mm M t M >0 mm t/e +lat b%tt%m /%les s/all be g # mm
1 F%r material t/i'&ness t >0 mm t/e +lat b%tt%m /%les s/all be g > mm-
Reference bloc.s for angle beam testing
4*& T/e re+eren'e n%t'/es s/all be re'tan(ular D an* ID n%t'/es ,it/ a *ept/ %+0
1 F%r material t/i'&ness t #F mm. #L %+ t/e t/i'&ness
1 F%r material t/i'&ness #F mm M t M 100 mm. =L %+ t/e t/i'&ness
1 F%r material t/i'&ness t 100 mm. 10L %+ t/e t/i'&ness-
4*2 A separate re+eren'e bl%'& s/all /a)e t/e same '%n+i(urati%n. n%minal '%mp%siti%n. +%r(in( rati%. /eat
treatment an* t/i'&ness as t/e +%r(in(s it represents-
4*: @/ere a (r%up %+ i*enti'al +%r(in(s is ma*e. %ne %+ t/e +%r(in(s may be use* as t/e separate re+eren'e
bl%'&-
4)* All re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be mar&e* ,it/ an i*enti+i'ati%n t/at relates t% t/e spe'i+i' appli'ati%n %+ ea'/
bl%'&-
Preparation of forgings for ultrasonic testing
4)) F%r +%r(in(s %+ un'%mpli'ate* (e%metry. t/e re2uirements %+ AST6 A#FF. '/apter > s/all apply-
&orgings of comple" geometry
4)4 F%r(in(s are re2uire* t% be +%r(e* an*I%r t% be r%u(/ ma'/ine* t% near +inal *imensi%ns pri%r t% /eat
treatment in %r*er t% %btain t/e re2uire* pr%perties- T/is ma'/inin( %+ +%r(in(s s/all '%nsi*er t/at 'ylin*ri'al
s/apes an* +a'es t/at are +lat an* parallel t% %ne an%t/er s/all be %btaine* in %r*er t% pr%)i*e a*e2uate
'%n*iti%ns +%r ultras%ni' testin(- In t/e 'ase %+ +%r(in(s ,it/ '%mple: (e%metry. ma'/inin( s/all pr%)i*e
interse'tin(
'ylin*ri'al an*I%r +lat +a'es- T/e ma'/inin( s/all be su'/ t/at areas ,/ere a*e2uate ultras%ni' testin( is n%t
p%ssible ,ill be rem%)e* *urin( t/e +inal ma'/inin(- A s&et'/ s/all be pr%)i*e* +%r a''eptan'e s/%,in( t/e
areas %+ t/e +%r(in( ,/ere a*e2uate ultras%ni' testin( ,ill n%t be a'/ie)e*-
%alibration of amplification and testing procedure
4)8 T/e II@ %r ISO 'alibrati%n bl%'&s CK1 E K"4 a''%r*in( t% ISO ";00 %r ISO <H># s/all be use* +%r
'alibrati%n %+ ran(e s'ale an* +%r an(le *eterminati%n- T/ese 'alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all. as near as pra'ti'able.
/a)e t/e same a'%usti' pr%perties as t/e material t% be teste*- alibrati%n %+ ran(e s'ale 'an alternati)ely be
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '$$
*%ne %n a *e+e't +ree area %+ &n%,n t/i'&ness in t/e material t% be e:amine*- T/e ran(e s'ale is t% be sele'te*
su'/ t/at t/ere are al,ays at least " ba'&-,all e'/%es Cre+le'ti%ns4 %n t/e s'reen-
4)4 T/e 'alibrati%n %+ t/e re2uire* ampli+i'ati%n s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% AST6 A#FF. '/apter <-
T/e pr%be siJe an* +re2uen'y t/at pr%)i*es %ptimum resp%nse s/all be use* +%r t/e testin(-
4)# N%tes " an* # %+. '/apter < in AST6 A#FF s/all be a*/ere* t%-
4)5 @/en s'annin(. t/e (ain s/all in'rease* by minimum > *! ab%)e t/e '%rre'te* primary (ain- F%r
e)aluati%n %+ in*i'ati%ns t/e (ain s/all be re*u'e* by t/e in'rease* *! le)el use* *urin( s'annin(-
4)& T/e met/%* +%r re-'/e'& %+ areas ,it/ re*u'ti%n %r l%ss %+ ba'& re+le'ti%n. AST6 A #FF. para(rap/
<-"-;. s/all be *es'ribe*-
4)2 Di++erent +re2uen'ies. types. an(les an* *iameter %+ pr%bes s/all be empl%ye* t% %btain a**iti%nal
in+%rmati%n ab%ut *ete'te* in*i'ati%n-
Si,ing of indications
4): In (eneral. t/e area '%ntainin( imper+e'ti%ns s/all be siJe* Carea an* len(t/4 usin( t/e > *! *r%p
te'/ni2ue- T/e area re+ers t% t/e sur+a'e area %n t/e +%r(in(s %)er ,/i'/ a '%ntinu%us in*i'ati%n e:'ee*s t/e
a''eptan'e 'riteria- T/is area ,ill be appr%:imately e2ual t% t/e area %+ t/e real *e+e't pr%)i*e* t/e *e+e't siJe
is lar(er t/an t/e > *! beam pr%+ile %+ t/e pr%be-
44* I+ t/e real imper+e'ti%n siJe is smaller t/an t/e > *! beam pr%+ile. t/e > *! *r%p te'/ni2ue is n%t suite*
+%r siJin(- T/e area measure* %n t/e sur+a'e ,ill be measure* t%% lar(e an* n%t represent t/e real in*i'ati%n
siJe- A (ui*e t% 'lassi+y i+ t/e re)eale* in*i'ati%ns are (reater %r smaller t/an t/e > *! *r%p pr%+ile is (i)en in
EN 10""F-#. part 1#-
44) I+ t/e siJe %+ t/e in*i'ati%n is e)aluate* t% be smaller t/an t/e > *! *r%p pr%+ile at t/e *ept/ %+
*is'%ntinuity a (rap/i' pl%t. t/at in'%rp%rates a '%nsi*erati%n %+ beam sprea* s/%ul* be use* +%r realisti' siJe
estimati%n-
Periodical chec.s of e*uipment
444 At appr%:imately +%ur-/%urly inter)als an* at t/e en* %+ testin(. t/e ran(e s'ale. pr%be an(le an* primary
(ain must be '/e'&e* an* i+ ne'essary. '%rre'te*- /e'&s s/all als% be 'arrie* %ut ,/ene)er a system parameter
is '/an(e* %r '/an(es in t/e e2ui)alent settin(s are suspe'te*- I+ *e)iati%n is +%un* t% be lar(er t/an "L %+
ran(e s'ale. %r # *! %+ primary (ain settin( %r "] %+ n%minal an(le pr%be. t/e testin( 'arrie* %ut ,it/ t/e
e2uipment %)er t/e pre)i%us peri%* s/all be repeate*-
Reporting
448 Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10> an* AST6 A#FF. '/apter H-
$anual magnetic particle testing of %($n steel forgings
444 6anual ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ -6n steel +%r(in(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO HH#;
%r e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
D 8** Ul%ras!nic an" li<'i" (ene%ran% %es%ing !+ "'(le, s%ainless s%eel +!rgings
3ltrasonic testing
8*) 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ D"00. but ,it/
t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%ns t% t/e re2uirements t%0
1 pr%bes
1 re+eren'e bl%'&s +%r an(le beam testin(
1 preparati%n %+ +%r(in(s +%r ultras%ni' testin(
1 testin( pr%'e*ure-
)ngle probes
8*4 An(le pr%bes +%r *uple: stainless steel s/all be t,in 'rystal CtransmitterIre'ei)er4 '%mpressi%n-,a)e
pr%bes- An(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes s/all an* 'an %nly be use* ,it/%ut s&ippin(-
8*8 B%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes may be use* +%r *uple: stainless steel instea* %+ t,in 'rystal
CtransmitterIre'ei)er4 '%mpressi%n-,a)e pr%bes. pr%)i*e* it is )eri+ie* %n t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s t/at it is
p%ssible t% %btain a DA ,it/ a s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%be t/at is '%mparable t% t/e DA %btaine* ,it/ an an(le
'%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%be-
8*4 reep ,a)e pr%bes s/all be use* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ sub sur+a'e *e+e'ts 'l%se t% t/e s'annin( sur+a'e. unless
testin( 'an be per+%rme* +r%m b%t/ si*es-
Reference bloc.s for angle beam testing
8*# Re+eren'e bl%'&s +%r an(le beam testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel ,it/ an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes
s/all /a)e si*e *rille* /%les an* a 1 mm *eep an* "0 mm ,i*e spar& er%*e* n%t'/ a''%r*in( t% Fi(ure ; an*
Table D-<-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '$&
Fig're 4
Re+erence 6l!c0 +!r c!ns%r'c%i!n !+ DAC= "'(le, s%ainless s%eel
Preparation of forgings for ultrasonic testing
8*5 T/e ma'/inin( %+ *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s +%r ultras%ni' testin( s/all ta&e int% a''%unt t/at an(le
'%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes s/all an* 'an %nly be use* ,it/%ut s&ippin(-
Testing procedure
8*& T/e testin( pr%'e*ure +%r *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s s/all ta&e int% a''%unt t/at an(le '%mpressi%n
,a)e pr%bes s/all an* 'an %nly be use* ,it/%ut s&ippin(- T/e testin( s/all /en'e be per+%rme* +r%m as many
+a'es t/at a''ess permits-
$anual li*uid penetrant testing of duple" stainless steel forgings
8*2 6anual li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/
ISO #;=" %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*- T/e penetrati%n an* *e)el%pin( times s/all be l%n( en%u(/ t% all%, e++e'ti)e
*ete'ti%n %+ t/e smallest in*i'ati%ns all%,e*-
8*: Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10> an* AST6 A#FF. '/apter H-
D 4** Dis'al e,a$ina%i!n !+ +!rgings
4*) Visual e:aminati%n %+ +%r(in(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ;00. ,it/ a''eptan'e 'riteria
a''%r*in( t% D=00-
D #** Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r +!rgings
#*) A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual ultras%ni' testin( %+ +%r(in(s s/all be0
Straight beam testing
1 N% sin(le in*i'ati%n s/all be lar(er t/an t/e in*i'ati%n re'ei)e* +r%m t/e +lat b%tt%m /%les in t/e re+eren'e
bl%'& re2uire* in D"00-
)ngle beam testing of %($n and low alloy steel forgings
1 N% sin(le in*i'ati%n s/all e:'ee* a DA 'ur)e establis/e* usin( t/e n%t'/es in t/e re+eren'e bl%'& re2uire*
in D"00-
)ngle beam testing of duple" stainless steel forgings
1 N% sin(le in*i'ati%n s/all e:'ee* a DA 'ur)e establis/e* usin( t/e si*e *rille* /%les in t/e re+eren'e
$ultiple indications
1 N% in*i'ati%ns ,it/in 1# mm %+ ea'/ %t/er in any *ire'ti%n s/all e:'ee* =0L %+ t/e re+eren'e 'ur)e-
Ta6le D-& Re+erence 3l!c0 Di$ensi!ns
$aterial thic.ness /t0 Thic.ness
of reference
bloc. /T0
iameter of
side drilled
hole mm
Position of
side drilled
holes
T M "0 mm 1= mm %r t "-; 0-"
TI;. TI" an* T#I; "0 mm t M #= mm "0 mm %r t
#-0 0-"
#= mm t M <= mm =0 mm %r t
<= mm t M 100 mm H0 mm %r t
>-0 0-"
T/e *istan'e bet,een t/e t,%
%uter /%les an* t/e nearest sur+a'e
s/all n%t e:'ee* 1" mm
100 mm t M 1=0 mm 1"= mm %r t
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '$'
)cceptance criteria for manual magnetic particle testing of %($n and low alloy steel forgings
#*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ -6n an* l%, all%y steel +%r(in(s s/all be
a''%r*in( t% Table D-F-
)cceptance criteria for manual li*uid penetrant testing of duple" stainless steel forgings
#*8 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s *%ne in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO #;=" %r e2ui)alent stan*ar* s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table D-F-
)cceptance criteria for visual e"amination
#*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r )isual e:aminati%n %+ +%r(in(s s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 A H>1. /apter
1=- I+ t/e sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns a''eptable un*er 1=-= are n%t s'attere*. i-e- m%re t/an # %++ in any 100 1=0
mm area. su'/ imper+e'ti%ns s/all be '%nsi*ere* inGuri%us-
E. N!n-"es%r'c%i-e Tes%ing an" Dis'al E,a$ina%i!n !+ Cas%ings
E )** General
)*) All n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ 'astin(s s/all be *%ne a''%r*in( t% a''epte* pr%'e*ures-
)*4 6anual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( an* )isual e:aminati%n pr%'e*ures s/all be prepare* as re2uire* in !10"
t/r%u(/ !10; t% re+le't t/e re2uirements %+ t/e applie* stan*ar*-
)*8 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( an* )isual e:aminati%n %+ 'astin(s are (i)en in
E>00-
)*4 6anual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ 'astin(s s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e stan*ar*s liste*
bel%, an* as re2uire* in t/e +%ll%,in(0
E 4** Ul%ras!nic an" $agne%ic (ar%icle %es%ing !+ C-Mn an" l!1 all!7 s%eel cas%ings
4*) 6anual ultras%ni' testin( %+ 'astin(s s/all be *%ne a''%r*in( t% AST6 A>0H. pr%'e*ure A. an*
Supplementary re2uirement S1- In a**iti%n t/e re2uirements bel%, apply-
3ltrasonic testing procedures
4*4 8ltras%ni' testin( pr%'e*ures s/all '%ntain t/e in+%rmati%n in !10" an*0
1 type %+ instrument
1 type an* *imensi%ns %+ pr%bes
1 ran(e %+ pr%be +re2uen'ies
1 *es'ripti%n %+ re+eren'e bl%'&s
1 'alibrati%n *etails. ran(e an* sensiti)ity
1 sur+a'e re2uirements. in'lu*in( ma:imum temperature
1 type %+ '%uplin( me*ium
1 s'annin( te'/ni2ues supplemente* ,it/ s&et'/es. s/%,in( t/e pr%bes use* an* area '%)ere* by ea'/ pr%be
1 *es'ripti%n %+ met/%*s +%r re-'/e'& %+ areas ,it/ re*u'ti%n %r l%ss %+ ba'& re+le'ti%n
1 re'%r*in( *etails-
3ltrasonic )pparatus
4*8 Veri+i'ati%n %+ S'reen Hei(/t Binearity an* Amplitu*e Binearity s/all be per+%rme* at t/e be(innin( %+
ea'/ peri%* %+ e:ten*e* use C%r e)ery # m%nt/s. ,/i'/e)er is less4- Re'%r*s s/all be ma*e a)ailable up%n re2uest-
Ta6le D-2 Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r $an'al $agne%ic (ar%icle an" li<'i" (ene%ran% %es%ing !+ +!rgings
A ra'&-li&e in*i'ati%ns0 n%t permitte*
! Binear in*i'ati%ns ,it/ len(t/ m%re t/an " mm %r t/ree times t/e ,i*t/0 n%t permitte*-
Binear in*i'ati%ns ,it/ len(t/ M 1-= mm may be *eeme* irrele)ant
R%un*e* in*i'ati%ns0 Diameter M # mm. a''umulate* *iameters in any 100 1=0 mm area M F mm-
AST6 E1>= Stan*ar* Test met/%* +%r Bi2ui* Penetrant Inspe'ti%n
AST6 A>0H Stan*ar* Pra'ti'e +%r astin(s. B%, All%y. an* 6artensiti' Stainless Steel. 8ltras%ni'
E:aminati%n T/ere%+-
ISO #;=" N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( - Penetrant testin(
ISO HH#; N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( - 6a(neti' parti'le testin(
AS6E !%iler an* Pressure Vessel %*e. Se'ti%n V. Arti'le ". 6an*at%ry Appen*i: VII-
6SSSP-== 5uality stan*ar* +%r steel 'astin(s +%r )al)es. +lan(es. an* +ittin(s an* %t/er pipin( '%mp%nents
C)isual met/%*4-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '$1
Probes
4*4 Strai(/t beam Cn%rmal4 pr%bes ,it/ +re2uen'y 1-= 6HJ an* *imensi%n g 10-#0 mm s/all be use*-
Strai(/t beam. n%rmal pr%bes s/all be sin(le %r t,in 'rystal- T,in 'rystal pr%bes s/all be use* ,/en testin( is
per+%rme* %n material ,it/ n%minal t/i'&ness t M "= mm- T/e +%'usin( J%ne %+ t/e t,in 'rystal pr%bes s/all
be a*apte* t% t/e material t/i'&ness t% be e:amine*-
4*# Sin(le %r t,in 'rystal pr%bes 'an be use* ,/en testin( is per+%rme* %n material ,it/ n%minal t/i'&ness
t >0 mm- T/e sin(le 'rystal pr%bes s/all /a)e a *ea* J%ne as small as p%ssible. e-(- 10L %+ t/e material
t/i'&ness %r 1= mm ,/i'/e)er is t/e smaller-
Reference bloc.s
4*5 All re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be mar&e* ,it/ an i*enti+i'ati%n t/at relates t% t/e spe'i+i' appli'ati%n %+ ea'/
bl%'&-
%asting conditions for ultrasonic testing
4*& astin(s s/all as +ar as p%ssible be ma'/ine* a''%r*in( t% D"11 an* D"1"-
%alibration of amplification and testing procedure
4*2 T/e II@ %r ISO 'alibrati%n bl%'&s CK1 E K"4 a''%r*in( t% ISO ";00 %r ISO <H># s/all be use* +%r
'alibrati%n %+ ran(e s'ale an* +%r an(le *eterminati%n- T/ese 'alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all. as near as pra'ti'able.
/a)e t/e same a'%usti' pr%perties as t/e material t% be teste*- alibrati%n %+ ran(e s'ale 'an alternati)ely be
*%ne %n a *e+e't +ree area %+ &n%,n t/i'&ness in t/e material t% be e:amine*- T/e ran(e s'ale is t% be sele'te*
su'/ t/at t/ere are al,ays at least " ba'&-,all e'/%es Cre+le'ti%ns4 %n t/e s'reen-
4*: T/e 'alibrati%n %+ t/e re2uire* ampli+i'ati%n s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% AST6 A>0H. '/apter F an*
S1- T/e pr%be siJe an* +re2uen'y t/at pr%)i*es %ptimum resp%nse s/all be use* +%r t/e testin(-
4)* N%te # %+ AST6 A>0H. '/apter F0 @/en s'annin(. t/e (ain s/all be in'rease* by minimum > *! ab%)e
t/e '%rre'te* primary (ain- F%r e)aluati%n %+ in*i'ati%ns t/e (ain s/all be re*u'e* by t/e in'rease* *! le)el
use* *urin( s'annin(-
4)) Re'/e'&s s/all be per+%rme* i+ t/e l%ss %+ ba'& re+le'ti%n is =0L %r (reater- T/e met/%* +%r +urt/er
in)esti(ati%n %+ areas ,it/ re*u'ti%n %r l%ss %+ ba'& re+le'ti%n. AST6 A >0H para(rap/ F-=. s/all be *es'ribe*-
4)4 Di++erent +re2uen'ies. types. an(les an* *iameter %+ pr%bes s/all be empl%ye* t% %btain a**iti%nal
in+%rmati%n ab%ut *ete'te* in*i'ati%n
Si,ing of indications
4)8 In (eneral. t/e area '%ntainin( imper+e'ti%ns. s/all be siJe* Carea an* len(t/4 usin( t/e > *! *r%p
te'/ni2ue- T/e area re+ers t% t/e sur+a'e area %n t/e 'astin(s %)er ,/i'/ a '%ntinu%us in*i'ati%n e:'ee*s t/e
a''eptan'e 'riteria- T/is area ,ill be appr%:imately e2ual t% t/e area %+ t/e real *e+e't pr%)i*e* t/e *e+e't siJe
is lar(er t/an t/e > *! beam pr%+ile %+ t/e pr%be-
4)4 I+ t/e real imper+e'ti%n siJe is smaller t/an t/e > *! beam pr%+ile. t/e > *! *r%p te'/ni2ue is n%t suite*
+%r siJin(- T/e area measure* %n t/e sur+a'e ,ill be measure* t%% lar(e an* n%t represent t/e real in*i'ati%n
siJe- A (ui*e t% 'lassi+y i+ t/e re)eale* in*i'ati%ns are (reater %r smaller t/an t/e > *! *r%p pr%+ile is (i)en in
EN 10""F-#. part 1#-
4)# I+ t/e siJe %+ t/e in*i'ati%n is e)aluate* t% be smaller t/an t/e > *! *r%p pr%+ile at t/e *ept/ %+
*is'%ntinuity. a (rap/i' pl%t t/at in'%rp%rates a '%nsi*erati%n %+ beam sprea* s/%ul* be use* +%r realisti' siJe
estimati%n-
Periodical chec.s of e*uipment
4)5 At appr%:imately +%ur-/%urly inter)als an* at t/e en* %+ testin(. t/e ran(e s'ale. pr%be an(le an* primary
(ain must be '/e'&e* an* '%rre'te*- /e'&s s/all als% be 'arrie* %ut ,/ene)er a system parameter is '/an(e*
%r '/an(es in t/e e2ui)alent settin(s are suspe'te*- I+ *e)iati%n is +%un* t% be lar(er t/an "L %+ ran(e s'ale. %r
# *! %+ primary (ain settin( %r "] %+ n%minal an(le pr%be. t/e testin( 'arrie* %ut ,it/ t/e e2uipment %)er t/e
pre)i%us peri%* s/all be repeate*-
Reporting
4)& Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10=. !10>. an* AST6 A>0H. '/apters H an* 1H- All in*i'ati%ns
e:'ee*in( =0L %+ t/e DA s/all be rep%rte*-
$anual magnetic particle testing of %($n and low alloy steel castings
4)2 6anual ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ -6n steel 'astin(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO HH#;
%r e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
4): Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10>-
E 8** Ul%ras!nic an" li<'i" (ene%ran% %es%ing !+ "'(le, s%ainless s%eel cas%ings
3ltrasonic testing
8*) 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel 'astin(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ E"00. but ,it/
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '$2
t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%ns t% t/e re2uirements t%0
1 pr%bes
1 re+eren'e bl%'&s +%r an(le beam testin(
1 'astin( '%n*iti%ns +%r ultras%ni' testin(
1 testin( pr%'e*ure-
)ngle probes
8*4 An(le pr%bes +%r *uple: stainless steel s/all be t,in 'rystal CtransmitterIre'ei)er4 '%mpressi%n-,a)e
pr%bes- An(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes s/all an* 'an %nly be use* ,it/%ut s&ippin(-
8*8 B%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes may be use* +%r *uple: stainless steel instea* %+ t,in 'rystal
CtransmitterIre'ei)er4 '%mpressi%n-,a)e pr%bes. pr%)i*e* it is )eri+ie* %n t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s t/at it is
p%ssible t% %btain a DA ,it/ a s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%be t/at is '%mparable t% t/e DA %btaine* ,it/ an an(le
'%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%be-
8*4 reep ,a)e pr%bes s/all be use* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ sub sur+a'e *e+e'ts 'l%se t% t/e s'annin( sur+a'e. unless
testin( 'an be per+%rme* +r%m b%t/ si*es-
Reference bloc.s for angle beam testing
8*# Re+eren'e bl%'&s +%r an(le beam testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel ,it/ an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes
s/all /a)e si*e *rille* /%les an* a 1 mm *eep an* "0 mm ,i*e spar& er%*e* n%t'/ a''%r*in( t% Fi(ure ; an*
Table D-<-
%asting conditions for ultrasonic testing
8*5 Duple: steel stainless 'astin(s s/all be ma'/ine* a''%r*in( t% D"11 an* D"1"-
8*& T/e ma'/inin( %+ *uple: stainless steel 'astin(s +%r ultras%ni' testin( s/all ta&e int% a''%unt t/at an(le
'%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes s/all an* 'an %nly be use* ,it/%ut s&ippin(-
Testing procedure
8*2 T/e testin( pr%'e*ure +%r *uple: stainless steel 'astin(s s/all ta&e int% a''%unt t/at an(le '%mpressi%n
,a)e pr%bes s/all an* 'an %nly be use* ,it/%ut s&ippin(- T/e testin( s/all /en'e be per+%rme* +r%m as many
+a'es t/at a''ess permits-
$anual li*uid penetrant testing of duple" stainless steel castings
8*: 6anual li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel 'astin(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/
ISO #;=" %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*- P%st-emulsi+ie* penetrants s/%ul* be use* %n pre'isi%n 'astin(s %nly- T/e
penetrati%n an* *e)el%pin( times s/all be l%n( en%u(/ t% all%, e++e'ti)e *ete'ti%n %+ t/e smallest in*i'ati%ns
all%,e*-
8)* Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10>-
E 4** Ra"i!gra(hic %es%ing !+ cas%ings
General
4*) Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ 'astin(s s/all be *%ne a''%r*in( t% AS6E !%iler an* Pressure Vessel %*e.
Se'-=. arti'le ". man*at%ry appen*i: VII %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*- In a**iti%n. t/e appli'able re2uirements %+
!"00 an* t/e re2uirements bel%, s/all apply-
Procedures
4*4 Ra*i%(rap/i' pr%'e*ures s/all in a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements %+ !"0#. (i)e t/e +%ll%,in( in+%rmati%n0
1 s/%%tin( s&et'/es
1 '%)era(e
1 s%ur'e l%'ati%n
1 l%'ati%n %+ I5I
1 a''eptan'e 'riteria-
E #** Dis'al e,a$ina%i!n !+ cas%ings
#*) Visual e:aminati%n %+ 'astin(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ;00 an* 6SS SP-==-
#*4 Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ;0=-
E 5** Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r cas%ings
3eneral
5*) A''eptan'e 'riteria s/all apply +%r t/e entire 'astin( %r p%rti%ns %+ t/e 'astin(- I+ *i++erent a''eptan'e
'riteria s/all apply +%r *i++erent p%rti%ns %+ t/e 'astin(. t/e 'riti'al areas %+ t/e 'astin( s/all be *e+ine*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '$3
G'i"ance n!%eF
riti'al areas s/all in'lu*e abrupt '/an(es %+ se'ti%ns an* at t/e Gun'ti%ns %+ risers. +ee*ers an* (ates t% t/e 'astin(-
Hi(/ly stresse* areas su'/ as ,el* ne'&s s/all be '%nsi*ere* as 'riti'al areas-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
5*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual ultras%ni' strai(/t beam testin( %+ 'astin(s s/all be0
1 N% 'ra'&-li&e in*i'ati%ns are a''eptable. an*
1 A''%r*in( t% Table D-H-
5*8 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ 'riti'al areas %+ 'astin(s s/all be a''%r*in( t%
Table D-100
5*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual ma(neti' parti'le testin( an* manual li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ 'astin(s
s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table D-11-
5*# A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r )isual inspe'ti%n %+ 'astin(s s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 6SS SP-0==-
1 Type 10 N%t a''eptable
1 Types " t% 1"0 A an* !-
Repairs by welding
5*5 %mplete rem%)al %+ t/e *e+e't s/all be '%n+irme* by ma(neti' parti'le testin(. %r li2ui* penetrant
testin( +%r n%n-+err%ma(neti' materials. be+%re re-,el*in(-
5*& Repair ,el*s %+ 'astin(s s/all meet t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria *esi(nate* +%r t/e parti'ular p%rti%n %+ t/e
'astin(-
F. A'%!$a%e" N!n-Des%r'c%i-e Tes%ing
F )** General
)*) T/ese re2uirements are appli'able t% all aut%mate* NDT pr%'esses e:'ept aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin(
%+ (irt/ ,el*s ,/ere spe'i+i' re2uirements are (i)en in Appen*i: E- T/e re2uirements (i)en in t/is subse'ti%n
are a**iti%nal t% t/e re2uirements %+ any '%*e %r stan*ar* ,/ere aut%mate* NDT met/%*s are pres'ribe* %r
%pti%nal-
)*4 Aut%mate* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( 'an repla'e manual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %r %ne aut%mate* n%n-
*estru'ti)e testin( met/%*Isystem 'an repla'e an%t/er aut%mate* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( met/%*Isystem pr%)i*e*
Ta6le D-: Ul%ras!nic %es%ing acce(%ance cri%eria +!r cas%ings
Strai(/t beam testin(
AST6 A>0H. 10-"-1. 10-"-" an* 10-"-#
riti'al areas Ot/er areas
Table ". 5uality Be)el 1 Table ". 5uality Be)el #
An(le beam testin(
AST6 A>0H S1-;-1 an* Table "
riti'al areas Ot/er areas
Table ". 5uality Be)el 1 Table ". 5uality Be)el #
Ta6le D-)* Ra"i!gra(hic acce(%ance cri%eria +!r cas%ings
Type of defect )cceptance criteria
Standard $a"imum Severity #evel
3as p%r%sity
AST6 E"F0
"
In'lusi%ns "
S/rin&a(e "
ra'&s 0
H%t tears 0
Inserts 0
Ta6le D-)) Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r $an'al $agne%ic (ar%icle an" li<'i" (ene%ran% %es%ing !+ cas%ings
A ra'&-li&e *e+e'ts0 n%t permitte*
! Binear in*i'ati%ns ,it/ len(t/ m%re t/an t/ree times t/e ,i*t/0 n%t permitte*-
Binear in*i'ati%ns ,it/ len(t/ M 1-= mm may be *eeme* irrele)ant-
R%un*e* in*i'ati%ns0 Diameter M # mm. a''umulate* *iameters in any 100 1=0 mm area M F mm-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '$4
t/e e2ui)alen'e %+ systems is *%'umente* ,it/ re(ar* t% +un'ti%n. %perati%n. ability in *ete'ti%n an* siJin( an*
per+%rman'e-
)*8 D%'umentati%n %+ 'apabilityIper+%rman'e an* 2uali+i'ati%n %+ aut%mate* NDT systems in pipe mills
s/%ul* n%t be re2uire* +%r systems meetin( t/e *%'umentati%n re2uirements (i)en in H;0;-
F 4** D!c'$en%a%i!n !+ +'nc%i!n an" !(era%i!n
T/e aut%mate* NDT e2uipment s/all be *%'umente* ,it/ re(ar* t% +un'ti%n an* %perati%n- Items subGe't t%
*%'umentati%n in'lu*e0
1 brie+ +un'ti%nal *es'ripti%n %+ t/e e2uipment
1 *etaile* e2uipment *es'ripti%n
1 %perati%n manual in'lu*in( type an* +re2uen'y %+ +un'ti%nal '/e'&s
1 'alibrati%n
1 limitati%ns %+ t/e e2uipment ,it/ re(ar* t% material %r ,el* +eatures in'lu*in( siJe. (e%metry. type %+
+la,s. sur+a'e +inis/. material '%mp%siti%n et'-
1 repeatability-
F 8** D!c'$en%a%i!n !+ (er+!r$ance
8*) T/e 'apability an* per+%rman'e %+ aut%mate* NDT e2uipment s/all be *%'umente* by statisti'al re'%r*s
'%)erin(. as rele)ant0
1 a''ura'y in in*i'ati%n siJin( Cran*%m an* systemati' *e)iati%n4
1 a''ura'y in p%siti%nin( I l%'ati%n
1 *e+e't '/ara'terisati%n abilities '%mpare* t% t/e results %+ %t/er NDT per+%rme*
1 repeatability. an*
1 pr%bability %+ *ete'ti%n )alues %r *ata +%r *i++erent t/res/%l* settin(s t% *etermine t/e t/res/%l* t% be use*
+%r re2uire* *ete'ti%n *urin( testin(-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Aut%mate* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( e2uipment 'an (enerally be *i)i*e* int% t,% (r%ups- One (r%up '%nsists %+
e2uipment inten*e* +%r *ete'ti%n. siJin( an* p%siti%nin( %+ in*i'ati%ns Ctypi'ally real time ra*i%(rap/y4 an* %ne
(r%up '%nsistin( %+ e2uipment inten*e* +%r *ete'ti%n %nly an* ,/ere siJin( an* p%siti%nin( %+ in*i'ati%ns is
per+%rme* by %t/er means Ctypi'ally ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e ,el* seam a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-114- F%r t/e latter
types %+ e2uipment. *%'umentati%n %+ per+%rman'e may be limite* t% *em%nstrati%n %+ a*e2uate *ete'ti%n %+ *e+e'ts
typi'al +%r t/e manu+a'turin( pr%'ess. t/res/%l* settin( parameters an* repeatability-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
F 4** E'ali+ica%i!n
4*) A +ull 2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme +%r aut%mate* NDT e2uipment ,ill in (eneral '%mprise t/e +%ll%,in(
sta(es0
1 initial e)aluati%n an* '%n'lusi%ns base* %n a)ailable in+%rmati%n
1 i*enti+i'ati%n an* e)aluati%n %+ si(ni+i'ant parameters an* t/eir )ariability
1 plannin( an* e:e'uti%n %+ a per+%rman'e test pr%(ramme
1 re+eren'e in)esti(ati%ns-
F #** E-al'a%i!n !+ (er+!r$ance "!c'$en%a%i!n
#*) As a minimum a 2uali+i'ati%n ,ill in)%l)e an assessment %+ t/e aut%mate* NDT e2uipment te'/ni'al
*%'umentati%n. in'lu*in( t/e 2uality assuran'e system. an* a)ailable in+%rmati%n %n e2uipment 'apability an*
per+%rman'e- Bimite* pra'ti'al tests must be per+%rme* in many 'ases-
G. N!n-Des%r'c%i-e Tes%ing a% 9la%e an" C!il Mill
G )** General
)*) T/e n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( *urin( manu+a'ture %+ plate an* '%il s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t%
*%'umente* pr%'e*ures-
)*4 T/e testin( s/all in'lu*e testin( %+ a ban* al%n( t/e +%ur e*(es %+ plate +%r laminar imper+e'ti%ns- A
suitable all%,an'e in t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ban* s/all be ma*e t% '%mpensate +%r p%ssible %)ersiJe* plates an*
subse2uent e*(e millin( an* en* be)ellin(-
)*8 Testin( %+ '%il. e-(- +%r HF@ pipe. may alternati)ely be substitute* ,it/ testin( %+ +inis/e* pipe at t/e
pipe mill-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '$5
)*4 T/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ban* at t/e l%n(itu*inal plate e*(es s/all e:ten*0
1 at least =0 mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns +%r SA@ l%n(itu*inal ,el*s
1 At least 1= mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns +%r HF@ l%n(itu*inal ,el*s-
)*# T/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ban* at t/e trans)erse plate e*(es s/%ul* e:ten*0
1 at least =0 mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns +%r (irt/ ,el*s-
)dditional non(destructive testing
)*5 Any a**iti%nal n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( s/all be spe'i+ie* by t/e pur'/aser-
)*& I+ aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( %+ (irt/ ,el*s *urin( installati%n ,ill be per+%rme* t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ban*
s/%ul* e:ten* at least 1=0 mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns +%r (irt/ ,el*s-
)*2 I+ all%,an'e +%r re-be)ellin( %+ pipe s/all be in'lu*e*. t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ban* s/%ul* e:ten* at least 100
mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns +%r (irt/ ,el*s-
)*: F%r *ete'ti%n %+ 'ra'&s an(le pr%bes s/all be use* t% supplement t/e strai(/t beam pr%bes- Testin( s/all
be in (eneral a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 A=<< %r e2ui)alent stan*ar* an*0
1 Pr%bes s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ "0#-
1 Sensiti)ity +%r -6n steel s/all be a DA 'ur)e base* %n re+eren'e bl%'&s ,it/ a re'tan(ular n%t'/ ,it/
*ept/ #L %+ t/e material t/i'&ness %n b%t/ si*es-
1 Re+eren'e bl%'&s +%r *uple: stainless steel an* austeniti' steels s/all /a)e %ne g# mm +lat b%tt%m /%le
perpen*i'ular t% t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e %+ t/e pr%be an* at t/e lar(est p%ssible *ept/ +r%m t/e s'annin(
sur+a'e %+ t/e bl%'&- Re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be %+ t/e a'tual material teste* %r %+ a material ,it/ similar
,it/ a'%usti' pr%perties-
1 B%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes may be use* +%r RA material instea* %+ t,in 'rystal CtransmitterI
re'ei)er4 '%mpressi%n-,a)e pr%bes- F%r a''eptan'e. it s/all be )eri+ie* %n t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s t/at it is
p%ssible t% %btain a DA ,it/ a s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%be t/at is '%mparable t% t/e DA %btaine* ,it/ an
an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%be-
))* T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 N% in*i'ati%ns s/all e:'ee* t/e DA-
G 4** Ul%ras!nic %es%ing !+ C-Mn s%eel an" CRA (la%es
4*) 8ltras%ni' testin( +%r laminar imper+e'ti%ns s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 10FH#-H amen*e* as +%ll%,s0
1 t/e *istan'e bet,een a*Ga'ent s'annin( tra'&s s/all be su++i'iently small t% ensure *ete'ti%n %+ t/e minimum
imper+e'ti%n siJe t% be '%nsi*ere* in t/e plate b%*y an* all +%ur aut%mate* systems s/all in'%rp%rate la'& %+
'%uplin( alarm-
)utomated 3T(systems with automatic routines for scan interpretation of plates
4*4 8ltras%ni' inspe'ti%n systems ,it/ +ully aut%mate* r%utines +%r a''eptIreGe't %+ plates s/all in'%rp%rate
%pti%ns +%r manual e)aluati%n %+ all rep%rte* in*i'ati%ns an* manual %)erri*e %+ t/e system-
4*8 Any manual %)erri*in( %+ a''eptIreGe't '%n'lusi%ns +r%m a +ully aut%mati' plate e)aluati%n system s/all
be *%'umente* in t/e s'an rep%rt-
4*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r ultras%ni' testin( %+ -6n an* RA plate +%r laminar imper+e'ti%ns are (i)en in
Table D-1"-
Ta6le D-)4 Ul%ras!nic %es%ing= acce(%ance cri%eria +!r la$inar i$(er+ec%i!ns
)cceptance criteria for body
Service $a"imum allowed
imperfection
$inimum imperfection si,e to
be considered
Si,e of
reference area
$a"imum population
density
N%n-s%ur Area01 000 mm
"
Area0 #00 mm
"
Ben(t/0 #= mm
@i*t/0 F mm
1 000 mm
1 000 mm
10 ,it/in t/e
re+eren'e area
S%ur Area0 =00 mm
"
Area0 1=0 mm
"
Ben(t/0 1= mm
@i*t/0 F mm
=00 mm
=00 mm
= ,it/in t/e
re+eren'e area
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '$6
4*# SubGe't t% a(reement t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r t/e b%*y %+ plate an* '%il 'an be limite* t% an all%,e*
permitte* area %+ 100 mm
"
an* a p%pulati%n *ensity %+ = an* ,it/ t/e minimum imper+e'ti%n siJe area #0 mm
"
.
len(t/ an* ,i*t/ = mm- All %t/er re2uirements in Table D-1" s/all apply-
G 8** Ul%ras!nic %es%ing !+ CRA cla" C-Mn s%eel (la%e
8*) F%r ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e ba'&in( material t/e re2uirements %+ 3100 an* 3"00 s/all apply-
8*4 8ltras%ni' testin( +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ la'& %+ b%n* bet,een t/e -6n ba'&in( material an* RA s/all
be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 A=<F. S< amen*e* as +%ll%,s0
1 t/e *istan'e bet,een a*Ga'ent s'annin( tra'&s s/all be su++i'iently small t% ensure *ete'ti%n %+ t/e
minimum imper+e'ti%n siJe t% be '%nsi*ere* in t/e plate b%*y an* all +%ur e*(es-
8*8 A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 AST6 A=<F. S<- In a**iti%n. n% areas ,it/ laminati%ns %r la'& %+ b%n* are all%,e* in t/e plate e*(e areas-
G 4** Al%erna%i-e %es% $e%h!"s
4*) I+ a(ree* alternati)e met/%*s %+ testin( may be a''eptable. i+ t/e alternati)e test met/%* is *%'umente*
as re2uire* in H;0" an* t/e alternati)e test met/%* is *em%nstrate* t% (i)e at least t/e same sensiti)ity an*
'apability in *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns-
4*4 T/e *em%nstrati%n %+ t/e alternati)e test met/%* s/all be base* %n t/e prin'iples (i)en in Subse'ti%n F
an* usin( samples %+ plate similar t% t/%se %r*ere*- T/e plates s/all '%ntain a representati)e an* a(ree* siJe
ran(e %+ natural an*I%r arti+i'ial *e+e'ts %+ types t/at are typi'al +%r t/e manu+a'turin( pr%'ess in 2uesti%n-
G #** Dis(!si%i!n !+ (la%e an" c!il 1i%h 'nacce(%a6le la$ina%i!ns !r incl'si!ns
#*) Plates an* '%il t/at '%ntain una''eptable laminati%ns %r in'lusi%ns s/all be reGe'te* %r. i+ p%ssible. be 'ut
ba'& until n% laminati%n %r in'lusi%n e:'ee*in( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria is present in t/e plateI'%il-
G 5** Dis'al e,a$ina%i!n !+ (la%e an" c!il
5*) Visual e:aminati%n s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a su++i'iently illuminate* area. minimum 1000 l: %n t/e area
%+ interest is re'%mmen*e*- I+ re2uire* t% %btain (%%* '%ntrast an* relie+ e++e't bet,een imper+e'ti%ns an*
ba'&(r%un* a**iti%nal li(/t s%ur'es s/all be use*-
5*4 F%r *ire't e:aminati%n t/e a''ess s/all (enerally permit pla'in( t/e eye ,it/in >00 mm %+ t/e sur+a'e t%
be e:amine* an* at an an(le %+ n%t less t/an appr%:imately #0]-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e pr%*u'ti%n pr%'ess %+ '%il 'an ma&e it *i++i'ult %r imp%ssible t% per+%rm )isual inspe'ti%n- T/e '%il 'an be t%%
/%t. m%)in( t%% +ast an* n%t be su++i'iently 'lean t% be able t% )isually inspe't- In su'/ 'ases t/e )isual inspe'ti%n. i+
re2uire*. must be per+%rme* at a later sta(e %+ t/e pipe pr%*u'ti%n pr%'ess-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
5*8 A su++i'ient am%unt %+ t%%ls. (au(es. measurin( e2uipment an* %t/er *e)i'es s/all be a)ailable at t/e
pla'e %+ e:aminati%n-
5*4 T/e %bGe'ts t% be e:amine* s/all be 'leane* t% rem%)e all s'ale an* pr%'essin( '%mp%un*s pri%r t%
e:aminati%n- T/e 'leanin( pr%'ess s/all n%t inGure t/e sur+a'e +inis/ %r mas& p%ssible imper+e'ti%ns-
)cceptance criteria for edges
Service
$a"imum allowed
imperfection
$inimum si,e of imperfection
to be considered
Si,e of
reference area
$a"imum population
density
All
Area0 100 mm
"
@i*t/0 > mm
Ben(t/0 10 mm 1 000 mm len(t/
# ,it/in t/e
re+eren'e area
N%tes0
14 F%r an imper+e'ti%n t% be lar(er t/an t/e minimum imper+e'ti%n t% be '%nsi*ere*. all *imensi%ns. e-(- min area. min len(t/ an*
min ,i*t/. ,ill /a)e t% be e:'ee*e* C+%r b%*y4-
"4 T,% %r m%re a*Ga'ent imper+e'ti%ns s/all be '%nsi*ere* as %ne imper+e'ti%n i+ t/ey are separate* by less t/an t/e smaller
*imensi%n %+ eit/er in*i'ati%n-
#4 T/e p%pulati%n *ensity s/all be t/e number %+ imper+e'ti%ns smaller t/an t/e ma:imum all%,e* an* lar(er t/an t/e minimum
imper+e'ti%n siJe t% be '%nsi*ere*
;4 T/e re+eren'e area +%r plateI'%il ,/en t/e plate ,i*t/ is less t/an %ne si*e %+ t/e s2uare re+eren'e area s/all be 1-00 m
"
+%r n%n-
s%ur an* 0-"= m
"
+%r s%ur ser)i'e-
=4 T/e ,i*t/ %+ an imper+e'ti%n is t/e *imensi%n trans)erse t% t/e l%n(itu*inal e*(e %+ t/e plateI'%il %r +%r pipe t/e l%n(itu*inal a:is-
Ta6le D-)4 Ul%ras!nic %es%ing= acce(%ance cri%eria +!r la$inar i$(er+ec%i!ns .C!n%in'e"/
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '&%
G &** Acce(%ance cri%eria an" "is(!si%i!n !+ s'r+ace i$(er+ec%i!ns
)cceptance criteria
&*) PlateI'%il s/all meet t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria spe'i+ie* by t/e pipe mill- T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all un*er
n% 'ir'umstan'e be less strin(ent t/an t/e appli'able re2uirements +%r pipe. as spe'i+ie* in H=00-
&*4 Imper+e'ti%ns s/all be *resse* %ut by (rin*in(- 3r%un* areas s/all blen* sm%%t/ly int% t/e surr%un*in(
material- %mplete rem%)al %+ *e+e'ts s/all be )eri+ie* by l%'al )isual inspe'ti%n an* s/all be supplemente*
,it/ a suitable sur+a'e inspe'ti%n met/%* T/e remainin( ,all t/i'&ness in t/e (r%un* area s/all be '/e'&e* by
ultras%ni' ,all t/i'&ness measurements t% )eri+y t/at t/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e remainin( material is m%re t/an t/e
spe'i+ie* minimum- Imper+e'ti%ns t/at en'r%a'/ %n t/e minimum permissible ,all t/i'&ness a+ter (rin*in(
s/all be 'lassi+ie* as *e+e'ts-
isposition of plate with defects
&*8 Plate an* '%il t/at '%ntain *e+e'ts s/all be reGe'te* %r. i+ p%ssible. be 'ut ba'& until n% *e+e't is present
in t/e plateI'%il-
H. N!n-Des%r'c%i-e Tes%ing !+ ine(i(e a% 9i(e Mills
H )** General
)*) T/e e:tent %+ n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( *urin( manu+a'ture %+ linepipe s/all be as re2uire* in Se'-< F-
)*4 T/e types %+ testin( re2uire* are *e+ine* as0
1 ultras%ni' testin(
1 sur+a'e imper+e'ti%n testin(
1 ra*i%(rap/i' testin(-
@/ene)er t/e '/%i'e %+ n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( met/%*s is %pti%nal. t/is is in*i'ate* in t/is subse'ti%n-
)*8 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e stan*ar*s liste* bel%, an* as re2uire*
in t/is subse'ti%n0
!lectromagnetic /flu" lea.age0
ISO 10FH#-# N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part #0 Aut%mate* +ull perip/eral +lu: lea&a(e testin(
%+ seamless an* ,el*e* Ce:'ept submer(e* ar'-,el*e*4 +err%ma(neti' steel tubes +%r t/e
*ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an*I%r trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns
!lectromagnetic /eddy current0
ISO 10FH#-" N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part "0 Aut%mate* e**y 'urrent testin( %+ seamless an*
,el*e* Ce:'ept submer(e* ar'-,el*e*4 steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns
Radiographic
ISO 10FH#-> N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part >0 Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ t/e ,el* seam %+ ,el*e*
steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns
ISO 10FH#-< N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part <0 Di(ital ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ t/e ,el* seam %+
,el*e* steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns
3ltrasonic
ISO 10FH#-F N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part F0 Aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( %+ seamless an*
,el*e* steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns
ISO 10FH#-10 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part 100 Aut%mate* +ull perip/eral ultras%ni' testin( %+
seamless an* ,el*e* Ce:'ept submer(e* ar'-,el*e*4 steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+
l%n(itu*inal an*I%r trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns
ISO 10FH#-11 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part 110 Aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e ,el* seam
%+ ,el*e* steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an*I%r trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns
ISO 10FH#-1" N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part 1"0 Aut%mate* +ull perip/eral ultras%ni' t/i'&ness
testin( %+ seamless an* ,el*e* Ce:'ept submer(e* ar'-,el*e*4 steel tubes
#i*uid penetrant
ISO 10FH#-; N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part ;0 Bi2ui* penetrant inspe'ti%n %+ seamless an*
,el*e* steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns
$agnetic particle
ISO 10FH#-= N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part =0 6a(neti' parti'le inspe'ti%n %+ seamless an*
,el*e* +err%ma(neti' steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '&$
)*4 All NDT s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% *%'umente* pr%'e*ures t/at. as a minimum. (i)e in+%rmati%n
%n t/e +%ll%,in( aspe'ts0
1 appli'able '%*eCs4 %r stan*ar*Cs4
1 ,el*in( met/%* C,/en rele)ant4
1 G%int (e%metry an* *imensi%ns C,/en rele)ant4
1 material
1 NDT met/%*
1 te'/ni2ue
1 e2uipment. main an* au:iliary
1 '%nsumables ,/en rele)ant Cin'lu*in( bran* name4
1 '%)era(e 'al'ulati%n supplemente* ,it/ s&et'/es
1 sensiti)ity
1 'alibrati%n re+eren'es an* te'/ni2ue
1 tri((er %r alarm settin(s
1 +%r ultras%ni' testin( e2uipment t/e pr%'e*ure s/all *es'ribe t/e met/%* +%r settin( an* '/e'&in( t/e la'&
%+ '%uplin( alarm
1 assessment %+ imper+e'ti%ns
1 met/%* +%r *em%nstratin( '%mplian'e %+ e2uipment ,it/ t/e assumpti%ns in t/e pr%'e*ure
1 rep%rtin( an* *%'umentati%n %+ results
1 assessment %+ imper+e'ti%ns. in'lu*in( S*e'isi%n treeT '%rresp%n*in( ,it/ internal %r(aniJati%n-
)*# Pers%nnel per+%rmin( NDT s/all be 2uali+ie* a''%r*in( t% A=00-
)*5 All NDT +%r +inal a''eptan'e %+ pipe s/all be per+%rme* a+ter '%mpleti%n %+ any '%l* e:pansi%n an* /eat
treatment %perati%ns-
F%r seamless pipe. t/e NDT +%r +inal a''eptan'e may be per+%rme* pri%r t% 'r%ppin(. be)ellin( an* en* siJin(-
%l* strai(/tenin( an* '%l* siJin( %+ seamless pipe en*s imp%sin( a ma:imum strain %+ 1-=L may be
per+%rme* a+ter sur+a'e testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y but pri%r t% testin( %+ pipe en*s-
All NDT +%r Sin-/%useT purp%ses may be per+%rme* at any time at t/e 6anu+a'turerAs *is'reti%n-
)*& I+ NDT %+ plate in a''%r*an'e ,it/ subse'ti%n 3 is per+%rme* at t/e plate mill. ultras%ni' testin( +%r
laminar imper+e'ti%ns may be %mitte* at t/e pipe mill-
)*2 Rep%rtin( %+ NDT s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e re2uirements %+ t/e appli'able ISO stan*ar* unless %t/er,ise
a(ree*-
H 4** S's(ec% (i(e
4*) In all 'ases ,/en pipe inspe'ti%n results in t/e aut%mate* NDT system is (i)in( si(nals e2ual t% %r
(reater t/an t/e t/res/%l* le)el %r ,/en sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns are *is'l%se* by )isual e:aminati%n. t/e pipe
s/all be *eeme* suspe't-
Suspe't pipe 'an be *ealt ,it/ a''%r*in( t% %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in( %pti%ns0
1 t/e suspe't pipe 'an be re-inspe'te* usin( t/e aut%mate* NDT e2uipment in t/e stati' m%*e- Pipes passin(
t/ese tests are *eeme* a''eptable
1 t/e suspe't area %+ t/e pipe 'an be re-teste* by manual NDT usin( t/e same NDT met/%* an* sensiti)ity
as t/e aut%mate* NDT. an* usin( appr%priate te'/ni2ues- Pipes passin( t/ese tests are *eeme* a''eptable
1 t/e suspe't area %+ ,el*s. e:'ept HF@ ,el*s. 'an be ra*i%(rap/e* t% *etermine i+ t/e in*i'ati%n is 'ause*
by sla( %r p%r%sity type in*i'ati%ns- Pipes meetin( t/e re2uirements %+ ISO 10FH#-> are *eeme* a''eptable
1 *e+e'ti)e ,el*s. e:'ept HF@ ,el*s. 'an be repaire* by ,el*in( a''%r*in( t% H#01 t/r%u(/ #0<
1 *e+e'ts 'an be rem%)e* by (rin*in( a''%r*in( t% H#0F
1 t/e suspe't area 'an be 'ut %++ i+ t/e minimum spe'i+ie* len(t/ is met a+ter 'uttin(
1 t/e pipe 'an be s'rappe*-
I+ t/e suspe't area is 'ut %++. t/en all NDT re2uirements pertainin( t% pipe en*s s/all be per+%rme* %n t/e ne,
pipe en*-
H 8** Re(air !+ s's(ec% (i(e
Repair welding
8*) Repair ,el*in( %+ pipe b%*y %r repair ,el*in( %+ ,el*s in HF@ pipe is n%t permitte*-
8*4 Repair ,el*in( %+ 'ra'&s is n%t permitte* unless t/e 'ause %+ 'ra'&in( /as been establis/e* n%t t% be a
systemati' ,el*in( err%r- CI+ t/ere is a 'ra'& in t/e ,el* t/e pipe is per *e+initi%n '%nsi*ere* reGe'te*-4 T/is
means a te'/ni'al e)aluati%n %+ t/e 'ause %+ 'ra'&in( s/all be per+%rme*- I+ it 'an be *em%nstrate* t/at t/e
'ra'& is a S%ne %++T situati%n. repair ,el*in( may be per+%rme* subGe't t% a(reement4
8*8 Repair ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% 2uali+ie* repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures- Ea'/ repair s/all
be per+%rme* ,it/ a minimum %+ t,% passes %)er a len(t/ n%t less t/an =0 mm-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '&&
8*4 T/e t%tal len(t/ %+ ,el* repair in any sin(le pipe s/all n%t e:'ee* =L %+ t/e ,el* len(t/-
8*# @el* *e+e'ts separate* by less t/an 100 mm s/all be repaire* as a sin(le '%ntinu%us repair-
8*5 Re-inspe'ti%n %+ repair ,el*s s/all be 100L )isual e:aminati%n an* 100L ultras%ni' an*I%r 100L
ra*i%(rap/i' testin( as re2uire* +%r t/e %ri(inal ,el*-
8*& A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r ,el* repairs s/all be as +%r t/e %ri(inal ,el*-
Repair of welds by grinding
8*2 Sur+a'e *e+e'ts may be *resse* %ut by '%smeti' (rin*in(- 3r%un* areas s/all blen* sm%%t/ly int% t/e
surr%un*in( material- %mplete rem%)al %+ *e+e'ts s/all be )eri+ie* by l%'al )isual inspe'ti%n an* s/all be
supplemente* ,it/ a suitable sur+a'e inspe'ti%n met/%* T/e remainin( ,all t/i'&ness in t/e (r%un* area s/all
be '/e'&e* by ultras%ni' ,all t/i'&ness measurements t% )eri+y t/at t/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e remainin( material is
m%re t/an t/e spe'i+ie* minimum- Imper+e'ti%ns t/at en'r%a'/ %n t/e minimum permissible ,all t/i'&ness
an*I%r ,el* t/i'&ness s/all be 'lassi+ie* as *e+e'ts-
Repair of pipe body by grinding
8*: Repair %+ pipe b%*y by (rin*in( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% H="= t/r%u(/ ="<-
isposition of pipe containing defects
8)* Disp%siti%n %+ pipe '%ntainin( *e+e'ts a+ter repair s/all be a''%r*in( t% H="F-
H 4** General re<'ire$en%s +!r a'%!$a%e" NDT s7s%e$s
)lternative methods of testing
4*) SubGe't t% a(reement. alternati)e met/%*s %+ testin( may be a''epte* i+ t/e alternati)e test met/%* is
*%'umente* as re2uire* in H;0" an* t/e alternati)e test met/%* is *em%nstrate* t% (i)e at least t/e same
sensiti)ity an* 'apability in *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns-
4*4 T/e *em%nstrati%n %+ t/e alternati)e test met/%* s/all be base* up%n t/e prin'iples (i)en in Subse'ti%n
F an* usin( sample len(t/s %+ pipe similar t% t/%se %r*ere*- T/e pipes s/all '%ntain a representati)e an* a(ree*
siJe ran(e %+ natural an*I%r arti+i'ial *e+e'ts %+ types t/at are typi'al +%r t/e manu+a'turin( pr%'ess in 2uesti%n-
System calibration
4*8 All aut%mate* NDT systems s/all /a)e a +ull system 'alibrati%n ,it/ inter)als n%t e:'ee*in( 1" m%nt/s-
D%'umentati%n s/all be a)ailable-
ocumentation of system capabilities
4*4 D%'umentati%n %+ aut%mate* NDT systems s/all be a)ailable t% *em%nstrate t/at t/e systems are 'apable
%+ *ete'tin( t/e re+eren'e in*i'at%rs use* t% establis/ t/e spe'i+ie* test sensiti)ity- T/e *%'umentati%n s/all. as
a minimum '%)er0
1 NDT system %peratin( pr%'e*ures
1 'apability +%r t/e inten*e* ,all t/i'&ness
1 'apability +%r t/e inten*e* material
1 repeatability
1 *ete'ti%n %+ *e+e'ts typi'al +%r t/e manu+a'turin( pr%'ess ,it/ t/e e2uipment in 2uesti%n
1 t/res/%l* le)el settin( parameters
1 *ynami' test *ata *em%nstratin( t/e systems 'apability un*er pr%*u'ti%n test '%n*iti%ns-
Reference standards for ultrasonic and electromagnetic inspection
4*# Re+eren'e stan*ar*s s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ t/e appli'able ISO stan*ar* an* t/e re2uirements
(i)en in t/is appen*i:-
4*5 T/e re+eren'e stan*ar* s/all be a len(t/ %+ pipe ,it/ t/e same %utsi*e *iameter an* ,all t/i'&ness
t%leran'es an* ,it/ similar a'%usti' pr%perties as t/e pipe teste* *urin( pr%*u'ti%n- F%r ,el*e* pipe t/e
re+eren'e stan*ar* s/all '%ntain a ,el* typi'al +%r t/e pr%*u'ti%n ,el* t% be teste*-
4*& Re+eren'e stan*ar*s may be %+ any '%n)enient len(t/ as *e'i*e* by t/e manu+a'turer-
4*2 Re+eren'e stan*ar*s s/all '%ntain re+eren'e in*i'at%rs as re2uire* by t/is Appen*i: +%r t/e pipe t% be
teste*-
4*: Veri+i'ati%n %+ t/e *imensi%ns an* s/ape %+ all re+eren'e in*i'at%rs s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% a
*%'umente* pr%'e*ure- D%'umentati%n s/all be a)ailable- All re+eren'e stan*ar*s s/all be mar&e* ,it/ an
i*enti+i'ati%n t/at relates t% t/e spe'i+i' appli'ati%n %+ ea'/ re+eren'e stan*ar*-
;alidation of length of pipe tested
4)* @/en aut%mate* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( e2uipment is use*. a s/%rt area at b%t/ pipe en*s ,ill n%rmally
n%t be teste*- A sample pipe s/all be +itte* ,it/ %ne h #-0 mm t/r%u(/ *rille* /%le at t/e ,el* 'enterline at
ea'/ en*- T/e *istan'e +r%m t/e pipe en* t% t/e /%le s/all be e2ual t% t/e len(t/ n%t '%)ere* by t/e aut%mate*
testin( e2uipment *urin( pr%*u'ti%n testin(- Pri%r t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n t/e pipe s/all be passe* t/r%u(/ t/e
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '&'
ultras%ni' testin( e2uipment at t/e %perati%nal s'annin( )el%'ity- F%r a''eptan'e %+ t/e e2uipment. b%t/ /%les
s/all be *ete'te* by all pr%besI+%'al la,- T/ese /%les 'an be intr%*u'e* in t/e re+eren'e bl%'&- I+ h #-0 mm
t/r%u(/ *rille* /%le at t/e ,el* 'enterline at ea'/ en* is unsuitable t% re(ister at s'annin( sensiti)ity +%r t/e
te'/ni2ue intr%*u'e* t% t/e inspe'ti%n Set 8p. alternati)e re+eren'e re+le't%rs s/all be pr%p%se* an* a(ree* %n-
Scanning velocity
4)) T/e s'annin( )el%'ity s/all be sele'table- T/e s'annin( )el%'ity s/all be set l%, en%u(/ s% t/at t/e
len(t/ bet,een t/e a'ti)ati%n %+ ea'/ pr%be Cspatial res%luti%n4 is su++i'iently s/%rt. i-e- t/e *istan'e t/e pr%be
tra)els ,/ile ina'ti)e. s/all be si(ni+i'antly less t/an t/e ma:imum len(t/ %+ all%,able imper+e'ti%ns-
4)4 T/e s'annin( )el%'ity V
is t/e narr%,est - > *! e++e'ti)e beam ,i*t/ at t/e appr%priate *istan'e %+ all pr%bes ,it/in t/e
array an* PRF is t/e e++e'ti)e pulse repetiti%n +re2uen'y per pr%be-
4)8 T/e 'ir'um+erential s'annin( )el%'ity +%r inspe'ti%n %+ seamless pipe an* /eli'al ,el*s s/all be *e'i*e*
*epen*in( %n e++e'ti)e pulse spa'in( Cpulse *ensity4 an* %n 'ir'um+erential s'annin( spee* an* /eli'al pit'/-
T/e e++e'ti)e pulse spa'in( CEPS4 is spe'i+ie* as +%ll%,s0
1 EPS ? 'ir'um+erential s'annin( spee*IPRF
1 EPS s/all n%t e:'ee* 1 mmIpulse-
1 T/e /eli'al pit'/ CmmIre)%luti%n4 s/all n%t e:'ee* t/e narr%,est - > *! e++e'ti)e beam ,i*t/ %+ all pr%bes ,it/in
t/e array-
#ac. of coupling
4)4 Aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( systems s/all in'%rp%rate a system +%r *ete'ti%n %+ la'& %+ '%uplin(- T/e
settin(s +%r la'& %+ '%uplin( alarm an* '/e'& %+ t/e settin(s s/all be *es'ribe* in t/e manu+a'turerNs ,ritten
pr%'e*ure-
'nitial sensitivity and threshold settings /calibration0
4)# T/e sensiti)ity an* t/res/%l* settin(s s/all be establis/e* a''%r*in( t% a *%'umente* pr%'e*ure- T/e
system s/all be %ptimise* in t/e stati' m%*e- @/en t/e settin(s are %ptimise*. t/e rele)ant parameters s/all be
re'%r*e* an* t/e re+eren'e stan*ar* s/all be passe* # times t/r%u(/ t/e e2uipment at t/e %perati%nal )el%'ity-
Any '/an(e in settin(s re2uire* t% maintain t/e stati' m%*e settin(s s/all be re'%r*e* as an a)era(e %+ t/e #
runs- F%r a''eptan'e %+ t/e settin(s. all re+eren'e re+le't%rs nee* t% be *ete'te* at %r ab%)e t/e t/res/%l*-
4)5 Durin( pr%*u'ti%n testin( t/e relati)e spee* %+ m%)ement bet,een t/e pipe an* t/e test assembly s/all
n%t e:'ee* t/at use* +%r t/e sensiti)ity an*I%r alarm settin(s *urin( *ynami' 'alibrati%n-
;erification of sensitivity and threshold settings /calibration0
4)& T/e sensiti)ity an*I%r alarm settin(s s/all be )eri+ie* e)ery +%urt/ /%ur %r %n'e e)ery 10 pipes teste*.
,/i'/e)er is t/e l%n(er peri%*. an*0
1 at t/e start an* en* %+ ea'/ s/i+t
1 at any '/an(e %+ e2uipment %perat%r C+%r '%ntinu%us s/i+ts t/e en* an* start )eri+i'ati%n 'an be '%mbine*4
1 ,/ene)er a mal+un'ti%n %+ t/e e2uipment is suspe'te*-
T/e )eri+i'ati%n +re2uen'y ,/en manu+a'turin( HF@ pipe +r%m '%il s/all be a(ree* up%n- As a minimum t/e
+re2uen'y s/all be at t/e be(innin( an* en* %+ an inspe'ti%n an* at any st%ps in pr%*u'ti%n-
Resetting of sensitivity and threshold settings /recalibration0
4)2 Resettin( %+ sensiti)ity an* t/res/%l* settin(s s/all be per+%rme* ,/ene)er0
1 t/e stan*ar* re+le't%rs *% n%t tri((er t/e alarm *urin( )eri+i'ati%n %+ sensiti)ity an* t/res/%l* settin(s
1 a '/an(e %+ '%mp%nent a++e'tin( t/e sensiti)ity an*I%r alarm settin( is ma*e in t/e system
1 t/e )eri+i'ati%n %+ sensiti)ity an*I%r alarm settin(s +ails t% meet t/e re2uirements +%r t/e parti'ular
e2uipment-
F%r re-settin( %+ sensiti)ity an* t/res/%l* settin(s *urin( pr%*u'ti%n t/e settin(s s/all be %ptimise* in t/e stati'
m%*e- @/en t/e settin(s /a)e been %ptimise*. t/e re+eren'e stan*ar* s/all be passe* %n'e t/r%u(/ t/e
e2uipment at t/e %perati%nal )el%'ity- Any '/an(e in settin(s re2uire* t% maintain t/e stati' m%*e settin(s s/all
be re'%r*e*- F%r a''eptan'e %+ t/e settin(s. all re+eren'e re+le't%rs nee* t% be *ete'te* at %r ab%)e t/e t/res/%l*-
Retesting of pipes
4): I+ t/e )eri+i'ati%n %+ sensiti)ity an* t/res/%l* settin(s +ails t% meet t/e re2uirements +%r t/e parti'ular
e2uipment. all pipes inspe'te* sin'e t/e pre)i%us su''ess+ul )eri+i'ati%n s/all be reteste*-
V
PRF #
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '&1
Specific re*uirements for ultrasonic testing e*uipment for welds
44* T/e e2uipment s/all be 'apable %+ inspe'tin( t/e entire t/i'&ness %+ t/e ,el* seam-
44) !e+%re startin( pr%*u'ti%n testin(. t/e ran(e s'ale an* an(le %+ all pr%bes s/all be *em%nstrate* t%
'%mply ,it/ t/e *%'umente* pr%'e*ure-
444 E2uipment +%r testin( %+ ,el*s s/all /a)e a ,el* tra'&in( system- T/e system s/%ul* be 'apable %+
tra'&in( t/e ,el* 'entreline ,it/ an a''ura'y %+ [ " mm %r better- F%r systems n%t meetin( t/is re2uirement it
s/all be *%'umente* t/at0
1 t/e sensiti)ity *urin( pr%*u'ti%n testin( ,ill n%t be a++e'te* by t/e l%,er a''ura'y %+ t/e tra'&in( system
1 t/at t/e l%,er a''ura'y is '%mpensate* by system sensiti)ity an* (ate settin(s-
448 T/e (ates s/all be set ,i*e en%u(/ t% '%)er # mm %+ t/e base material %utsi*e t/e +usi%n line an* t%
'%mpensate +%r0
1 t/e t%leran'es %+ ,el* tra'&in( system
1 )ariati%ns in t/e ,i*t/ %+ e:ternal an* internal 'aps
1 %++sets bet,een t/e e:ternal an* internal ,el* bea*-
3ltrasonic testing of %R) pipes and welds with %R) weld deposits
444 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ ,el*s ,it/ RA C*uple:. %t/er stainless steels an* ni'&el all%y steel4 ,el* *ep%sits
,ill in %r*er t% a'/ie)e an a*e2uate *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns. n%rmally re2uire t/at spe'ial re+eren'e bl%'&s
an* pr%bes are use* +%r testin( %+ t/ese materials-
44# An(le pr%bes +%r *uple: stainless steel an* austeniti' steels s/all be t,in 'rystal CtransmitterIre'ei)er4
'%mpressi%n-,a)e pr%bes- An(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes s/all an* 'an %nly be use* +%r s'annin( ,it/%ut
s&ippin( an* 'reep ,a)e pr%bes must t/ere+%re be use* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ sub-sur+a'e *e+e'ts 'l%se t% t/e
s'annin( sur+a'e-
445 Re+eren'e bl%'&s +%r *uple: stainless steel an* austeniti' steels materials an* t/e ,el* *ep%sits s/all
/a)e a spe'i+i' l%'ati%n an* type %+ re+eren'e re+le't%rs in (eneral '%mplian'e ,it/ !;00- Sur+a'e n%t'/es ,ill
n%t be suitable *ue t% t/e m%*e '%n)ersi%ns at base material an* a sur+a'e n%t'/- T/is ,ill result in multiple
e'/%es ,it/ *i++erent arri)al time appearin( +r%m t/e same n%t'/- T/e a'tual re+le'ti%n +r%m t/e re+le't%r ,ill
be ,ea& an* *istin(uis/in( t/is e'/% +r%m %t/er si(nals ,ill %+ten n%t be p%ssible-
44& Spe'i+i' ultras%ni' testin( pr%'e*ures s/all be *e)el%pe* +%r t/is testin(- T/e pr%'e*ures s/all be
*e)el%pe* '%nsi*erin( t/e re2uirements !;00 an* a**ressin( t/e spe'i+i' +eatures an* '/ara'teristi's %+ t/e
e2uipment t% be use*-
442 It is re'%(nise* t/at n%t all e2uipment ,ill be a*aptable t% meet t/e re2uirements ab%)e-
44: B%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes may be use* +%r *uple: stainless steel an* austeniti' steels
instea* %+ t/e an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes. pr%)i*e* it is )eri+ie* %n re+eren'e bl%'&s ma*e in a''%r*an'e
,it/ !;00 t/at it is p%ssible t% %btain a DA ,it/ s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%beCs4 t/at is '%mparable t% a DA
%btaine* +r%m an(le '%mpressi%n-,a)e pr%bes- T/e s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes use* +%r t/is )eri+i'ati%n s/all be
i*enti'al t% t/e pr%bes use* in t/e pr%*u'ti%n testin( e2uipment-
48* I+ it is n%t p%ssible t% *em%nstrate a*e2uate per+%rman'e %+ l%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes +%r
ultras%ni' testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel an* austeniti' steels. %t/er met/%*s %r '%mbinati%n %+ met/%*s s/all
be use* an* t/e a*e2ua'y %+ t/e met/%*Cs4 *em%nstrate*-
48) N%t'/es an* t/r%u(/ *rille* /%les are n%t '%nsi*ere* a suitable re+le't%r +%r '%mpressi%n ,a)e an(le
pr%bes *ue t% t/e m%*e '%n)ersi%n an* unpre*i'table arri)al times %+ m%*e '%n)erte* si(nals- @/en
'%mpressi%n ,a)e an(le pr%bes are use*. %t/er types %+ re+le't%rs s/all be use* an* t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria
spe'i+ie* a''%r*in(ly-
Specific re*uirements for radiographic testing
484 Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 10FH#->. ima(e 'lass ! usin( ,ire type
Ima(e 5uality In*i'at%rs CI5I4 in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1H"#"-1 %r stepI/%le type %n ISO 1H"#"-"-
488 Di(ital Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( te'/ni2ues in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 10FH#-< 'an be use* pr%)i*e* t/e
e2uipment /as been *em%nstrate*. in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n F. t% (i)e sensiti)ity an* *ete'ti%n e2ui)alent
t% '%n)enti%nal :-ray a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#->-
484 I+ ra*i%s'%pi' testin( te'/ni2ues are use*. t/e 2uality %+ t/e ray ima(e /as t% be )eri+ie* as re2uire* in
;1<-
H #** Dis'al e,a$ina%i!n an" resi"'al $agne%is$
General
#*) Visual e:aminati%n s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a su++i'iently illuminate* areaO minimum 1000 l:. I+ re2uire*
a**iti%nal li(/t s%ur'es s/all be use* t% %btain (%%* '%ntrast an* relie+ e++e't bet,een imper+e'ti%ns an*
ba'&(r%un*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '&2
#*4 In a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-<. Table <-1>. ea'/ linepipe s/all be subGe't t% 100L )isual inspe'ti%n- T/is
implies 100L )isual inspe'ti%n %+ t/e %utsi*e %+ t/e pipe b%*y- T/e interi%r %+ t/e pipe s/all be inspe'te* +r%m
b%t/ en*s as +ar as a''ess permits- T/e interi%r %+ *uple: stainless steel an* 'la*Iline* material s/%ul* be 100L
)isually inspe'te*-
#*8 A su++i'ient am%unt %+ t%%ls. (au(es. measurin( e2uipment an* %t/er *e)i'es s/all be a)ailable at t/e
pla'e %+ e:aminati%n-
#*4 T/e pipes t% be e:amine* s/all be 'leane* t% rem%)e l%%se s'ale an* pr%'essin( '%mp%un*s t/at may
inter+ere ,it/ t/e e:aminati%n- T/e 'leanin( pr%'ess s/all n%t a++e't t/e sur+a'e +inis/ %r mas& p%ssible
imper+e'ti%ns-
#*# SubGe't t% a(reement. alternati)e met/%*s %+ testin( may be a''epte*- It s/all be *em%nstrate* t/at t/e
alternati)e test met/%* (i)e at least t/e same sensiti)ity an* 'apability in *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns- T/e
*em%nstrati%n %+ t/e alternati)e test met/%* s/all be base* up%n t/e prin'iples (i)en in Subse'ti%n F %n similar
pipes t% t/%se %r*ere*- T/e pipes s/all '%ntain a representati)e an* a(ree* siJe ran(e %+ natural an*I%r arti+i'ial
*e+e'ts %+ types t/at are typi'al +%r t/e manu+a'turin( pr%'ess in 2uesti%n-
;isual e"amination of all linepipe
#*5 En* preparati%n su'/ as be)ellin( s/all meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements-
#*& T/e internal ,el* bea* s/all be rem%)e* by (rin*in( +%r a *istan'e %+ at least 100 mm +r%m ea'/ pipe
en*- T/e transiti%n bet,een base material an* ,el* metal s/all be sm%%t/ an* t/e /ei(/t %+ t/e remainin( ,el*
bea* s/all n%t e:ten* ab%)e t/e a*Ga'ent pipe sur+a'e by m%re t/an 0-= mm-
#*2 I+ spe'i+ie*. t/e e:ternal ,el* bea* s/all be rem%)e* by (rin*in( +%r a *istan'e %+ at least "=0 mm +r%m
ea'/ pipe en*- T/e transiti%n bet,een base material an* ,el* metal s/all be sm%%t/ an* t/e /ei(/t %+ t/e
remainin( ,el* bea*s s/all n%t e:ten* ab%)e t/e a*Ga'ent pipe sur+a'e by m%re t/an 0-= mm-
;isual e"amination of welds in linepipe
#*: Ea'/ linepipe ,el* s/all be subGe't t% 100L )isual e:aminati%n in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1<>#<- F%r -
6n steel linepipe ,it/ internal *iameter CID4 >10. t/e internal ,el* s/all be 100L )isually inspe'te*- T/e
internal ,el* %+ -6n linepipe ,it/ ID M >10 mm s/all be inspe'te* +r%m b%t/ en*s as +ar as a''ess permits-
#)* T/e internal ,el* an* a*Ga'ent sur+a'es in *uple: stainless steel. RA an* 'la* linepipe s/all be
inspe'te* +ull len(t/- I+ ne'essary. t/e inspe'ti%n %+ t/e internal ,el* s/all be assiste* by a b%r%s'%pe. )i*e%
en*%s'%pe %r similar e2uipment-
#)) @el*s s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ Table D-;-
#)4 Bine pipe '%ntainin( ,el*s n%t meetin( t/e re2uirements ab%)e s/all be 'lassi+ie* as suspe't pipe
a''%r*in( t% H"00. an* treate* a''%r*in( t% H#00-
Surface conditions+ imperfections and defects
#)8 T/e sur+a'e +inis/ pr%*u'e* by t/e manu+a'turin( pr%'ess s/all be su'/ t/at sur+a'e *e+e'ts 'an be
*ete'te* by )isual inspe'ti%n-
#)4 All pipes s/all be +ree +r%m *e+e'ts in t/e +inis/e* '%n*iti%n- T/e manu+a'turer s/all ta&e a*e2uate
pre'auti%ns t% pre)ent pipe *ama(e an* minimise t/e presen'e %+ imper+e'ti%ns-
#)# ra'&s. s,eats %r lea&s are n%t a''eptable an* s/all be 'lassi+ie* as *e+e'ts-
#)5 Sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns e)i*ent by )isual inspe'ti%n s/all be in)esti(ate*. 'lassi+ie* an* treate* as
a''%r*in( t% H=1< t% H=""- H=1H applies t% sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns at t/e internal sur+a'e %+ 'la* %r line* pipes-
#)& Imper+e'ti%ns ,it/ *ept/ =L %+ t/e spe'i+ie* ,all t/i'&ness. %r 0-= mm. ,/i'/e)er is (reater. but
ma:imum 0-< mm +%r t "= mm. an* ma:imum 1-0 mm +%r t _ "= mm. an* ,/i'/ *% n%t en'r%a'/ up%n t/e
spe'i+ie* minimum ,all t/i'&ness. s/all be 'lassi+ie* as a''eptable imper+e'ti%ns- T/e imper+e'ti%ns may
remain in t/e pipe %r be *resse* %ut by '%smeti' (rin*in(-
#)2 Imper+e'ti%ns ,it/ *ept/ lar(er t/an state* in H=1<. an* ,/i'/ *% n%t en'r%a'/ up%n t/e spe'i+ie*
minimum ,all t/i'&ness. s/all be 'lassi+ie* as *ressable *e+e'ts an* s/all eit/er be rem%)e* by (rin*in( in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ H="= %r treate* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ H="F. as appr%priate-
#): F%r t/e internal sur+a'e %+ 'la* %r line* pipes t/e +%ll%,in( applies0 Imper+e'ti%ns ,it/ *ept/ 0-= mm.
an* ,/i'/ *% n%t en'r%a'/ up%n t/e spe'i+ie* minimum ,all t/i'&ness. s/all be 'lassi+ie* as a''eptable
imper+e'ti%ns- T/e imper+e'ti%ns may remain in t/e pipe %r be *resse* %ut by '%smeti' (rin*in(- Imper+e'ti%ns
,it/ lar(er *ept/. an* ,/i'/ *% n%t en'r%a'/ up%n t/e spe'i+ie* minimum ,all t/i'&ness. s/all be 'lassi+ie*
as *ressable *e+e'ts an* s/all eit/er be rem%)e* by (rin*in( in a''%r*an'e ,it/ H="= %r treate* in a''%r*an'e
,it/ H="F. as appr%priate-
#4* Imper+e'ti%ns ,/i'/ en'r%a'/ up%n t/e spe'i+ie* minimum ,all t/i'&ness s/all be 'lassi+ie* as *e+e'ts-
#4) T,% %r m%re a*Ga'ent imper+e'ti%ns s/all be '%nsi*ere* as %ne imper+e'ti%n i+ t/ey are separate* by less
t/an t/e smaller *imensi%n %+ eit/er in*i'ati%n-
#44 Imper+e'ti%ns ,it/ *ept/ a''%r*in( t% H=1< %r H=1H %+ ,/i'/ t/e *ept/ 'an n%t be assesse* by suitable
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '&3
(au(es %r alternati)e means. s/all eit/er be rem%)e* by (rin*in( in a''%r*an'e ,it/ H="= %r treate* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ H="F. as appr%priate-
ents
#48 F%r *ents ,it/%ut any '%l* +%rme* n%t'/es an* s/arp b%tt%m (%u(es. t/e len(t/ in any *ire'ti%n s/all be
0-= D an* t/e *ept/. measure* as t/e (ap bet,een t/e e:treme p%int %+ t/e *ent an* t/e pr%l%n(ati%n %+ t/e
n%rmal '%nt%ur %+ t/e pipe. s/all n%t e:'ee* >-; mm-
1 F%r *ents ,it/ '%l*-+%rme* n%t'/es an* s/arp b%tt%m (%u(es ,it/ *ept/ a''%r*in( t% H=1< t/e *ept/ %+
*ents s/all n%t e:'ee* #-" mm-
1 Dents _ 1 mm are n%t a''eptable at t/e pipe en*s. i-e- ,it/in a len(t/ %+ 100 mm at ea'/ %+ t/e pipe
e:tremities-
1 Dents e:'ee*in( t/ese *imensi%ns s/all be 'lassi+ie* as *e+e'ts-
1ard spots
#44 Har* sp%ts. as i*enti+ie* e-(- *ue t% irre(ularities in t/e pipe 'ur)ature %+ '%l*-+%rme* ,el*e* linepipe.
s/all be in)esti(ate* t% *etermine t/e /ar*ness an* *imensi%ns %+ t/e area-
F%r linepipe inten*e* +%r n%n s%ur ser)i'e t/e /ar*ness s/all n%t e:'ee*0
1 #00 HV10 +%r -6n steels
1 t/e )alues (i)en in Se'-< Table <-11. +%r t/e material in 2uesti%n-
F%r linepipe inten*e* +%r s%ur ser)i'e CSupplementary re2uirement S4 t/e /ar*ness s/all n%t e:'ee*0
1 "=0 HV10 -6n steel unless a /i(/er /ar*ness /as been 2uali+ie* a''%r*in( t% Se'-> !"0" an* App-! ;00-
1 +%r %t/er steels. ma:imum all%,able /ar*ness a''%r*in( t% ISO 1=1=>-#-
Har* sp%ts %utsi*e t/e /ar*ness re2uirements +%r t/e appli'able material lar(er t/an =0 mm in any *ire'ti%n
an* ,it/in 100 mm %+ t/e pipe en*s re(ar*less %+ siJe s/all be 'lassi+ie* as *e+e'ts-
Grinding
#4# Imper+e'ti%ns %r *e+e'ts a''%r*in( t% H=1F %r H=1H may be *resse*-%ut by (rin*in(- 3r%un* areas s/all
blen* sm%%t/ly int% t/e surr%un*in( material- %mplete rem%)al %+ *e+e'ts s/all be )eri+ie* by l%'al )isual
inspe'ti%n an* s/all be supplemente* ,it/ a suitable sur+a'e inspe'ti%n met/%* T/e remainin( ,all t/i'&ness
in t/e (r%un* area s/all be '/e'&e* by ultras%ni' ,all t/i'&ness measurements t% )eri+y t/at t/e t/i'&ness %+
t/e remainin( material is m%re t/an t/e spe'i+ie* minimum-
#45 T/e sum %+ t/e (r%un* area s/all n%t e:'ee* 10L %+ t/e sum %+ t/e e:ternal an* internal sur+a'e area %+
ea'/ pipe- 3r%un* areas ,/i'/ /a)e been sm%%t/ly blen*e* int% t/e surr%un*in( material an* 'lassi+ie* as
'%smeti' (rin*in( s/all n%t be '%unte* in t/e 'al'ulati%n-
#4& Full len(t/ ma'/inin( %+ pipes is a''eptable i+ ma'/inin( is per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% a 2uali+ie* pr%'e*ure
t/at ensures +ree*%m +r%m 'ir'um+erential (r%%)es %r %t/er *e+e'ts ,it/ *ept/ _ 0-= mm- H="> *%es n%t apply
t% pipe t/at are ma'/ine* +ull len(t/-
isposition of pipe containing defects
#42 Binepipe '%ntainin( *e+e'ts s/all be reGe'te* %r t/e area '%ntainin( *e+e'ts 'an be 'ut %++- I+ pipes are
'ut. t/e minimum spe'i+ie* len(t/ s/all be met a+ter 'uttin( an* all NDT pertainin( t% pipe en*s s/all be
per+%rme* %n t/e ne, pipe en*-
Residual magnetism
#4: T/e l%n(itu*inal ma(neti' +iel* s/all be measure* %n pipe ,it/ D 1>F-# mm an* all smaller pipes t/at
are inspe'te* +ull len(t/ by ma(neti' met/%*s %r are /an*le* by ma(neti' e2uipment pri%r t% l%a*in(-
1 T/e measurements s/all be ta&en %n t/e r%%t +a'e %r s2uare 'ut +a'e %+ +inis/e* pipe- 6easurements ma*e
%n pipe in sta'&s are n%t '%nsi*ere* )ali*-
1 6easurements s/all be ma*e %n ea'/ en* %+ a pipe. +%r =L %+ t/e pipes pr%*u'e* but at least %n'e per ; /r
per %peratin( s/i+t usin( a Hall-e++e't (auss-meter %r %t/er type %+ 'alibrate* instrument- In 'ase %+ *ispute.
measurements ma*e ,it/ a Hall-e++e't (auss-meter s/all (%)ern- 6easurements s/all be ma*e in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ a ,ritten pr%'e*ure *em%nstrate* t% pr%*u'e a''urate results-
1 Pipe ma(netism s/all be measure* subse2uent t% any inspe'ti%n t/at uses a ma(neti' +iel*. pri%r t% l%a*in(
+%r s/ipment +r%m t/e pipe mill-
1 F%ur rea*in(s s/all be ta&en H0] apart ar%un* t/e 'ir'um+eren'e %+ ea'/ en* %+ t/e pipe-
#8* T/e a)era(e %+ t/e +%ur rea*in(s s/all be less %r e2ual t% "-0 mT C"0 3auss4. an* n% sin(le rea*in( s/all
e:'ee* "-= mT C"= 3auss4- Any pipe t/at *%es n%t meet t/is re2uirement s/all be '%nsi*ere* *e+e'ti)e-
#8) All pipes pr%*u'e* bet,een t/e *e+e'ti)e pipe an* t/e last a''eptable pipe s/all be in*i)i*ually measure*
unless t/e pr%)isi%ns %+ H=#0 'an be applie*-
#84 I+ t/e pipe pr%*u'ti%n se2uen'e is *%'umente*. pipe may be measure* in re)erse se2uen'e. be(innin(
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '&4
,it/ t/e pipe pr%*u'e* imme*iately pri%r t% t/e *e+e'ti)e pipe. until at least t/ree '%nse'uti)ely pr%*u'e* pipes
meet t/e re2uirements-
1 Pipe pr%*u'e* pri%r t% t/ese t/ree a''eptable pipes nee* n%t be measure*
1 Pipe pr%*u'e* a+ter t/e *e+e'ti)e pipe s/all be measure* in*i)i*ually until at least t/ree '%nse'uti)e pipes
meet t/e re2uirements-
#88 All *e+e'ti)e pipe s/all be *e-ma(netiJe* +ull len(t/. an* t/en t/eir ma(netism s/all be re-measure* until
at least t/ree '%nse'uti)e pipes meet t/e re2uirements %+ H=#0-
#84 F%r pipe /an*le* ,it/ ele'tr%ma(neti' e2uipment a+ter measurement %+ ma(netism. su'/ /an*lin( s/all
be per+%rme* in a manner *em%nstrate* n%t t% 'ause resi*ual ma(netism e:'ee*in( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria in
H=#0-
#8# T/e re2uirements +%r resi*ual ma(netism s/all apply %nly t% testin( ,it/in t/e pipe mill sin'e t/e
resi*ual ma(netism in pipe may be a++e'te* by pr%'e*ures an* '%n*iti%ns imp%se* %n t/e pipe *urin( an* a+ter
s/ipment-
H 5** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ (i(e en"s n!% %es%e" 67 a'%!$a%e" NDT e<'i($en%
3ntested pipe ends
5*) @/en aut%mate* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( e2uipment is use*. a s/%rt area at b%t/ pipe en*s ,ill n%rmally
n%t be teste* Csee H;104- Eit/er t/e unteste* area %+ t/e pipe s/all be 'ut %++ %r t/e en*s subGe'te* t% manual %r
aut%mate* NDT t% t/e same e:tent as re2uire* +%r t/e +ull len(t/ %+ pipe
5*4 T/e met/%*s. sensiti)ity an* a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r testin( %+ unteste* en*s s/all be t/e same as use* +%r
retestin( %+ pipes /a)in( si(nals e2ual t% %r (reater t/an t/e t/res/%l* le)el +r%m t/e aut%mate* n%n-*estru'ti)e
testin( e2uipment-
5*8 T/e manu+a'turer s/all pri%r t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n present +%r a''eptan'e t/e pr%p%se* e:tent. met/%*s.
sensiti)ity an* a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r testin( %+ unteste* en*s ,it/ re+eren'e t% appli'able pr%'e*ures-
H &** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ (i(e en"s
General
&*) T/ese re2uirements apply t% b%t/ seamless an* ,el*e* pipe- Pipes n%t meetin( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria
bel%, s/all be *eeme* as Ssuspe't pipeT a''%r*in( t% H"00 an* s/all be treate* a''%r*in( t% H#00-
Testing of pipe ends for laminar imperfections
&*4 !%t/ en*s %+ ea'/ pipe s/all be teste* +%r laminar imper+e'ti%ns in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 10FH#-F an* t/e
a**iti%nal re2uirements in H;00 %)er a ban* at least =0 mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns
+%r (irt/ ,el*s-
&*8 I+ a**iti%nal n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( is spe'i+ie* by t/e pur'/aser. t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ban* s/%ul* be0
1 at least 1=0 mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns +%r (irt/ ,el*s i+ aut%mate* ultras%ni'
testin( %+ (irt/ ,el*s *urin( installati%n ,ill be per+%rme*
1 at least 100 mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns +%r (irt/ ,el*s i+ all%,an'e +%r re-
be)ellin( %+ pipe s/all be in'lu*e*-
&*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 a''%r*in( t% Table D-1" %r. i+ a(ree*. 3"0#
1 3#00 +%r 'la* pipe-
Testing of end face or bevel for laminar imperfections
&*# 6a(neti' parti'le testin( %r e**y 'urrent testin(. manual %r aut%mate*. %+ b%t/ en* +a'es %r be)els %+ ea'/
pipe in +err%ma(neti' steel +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e
re2uirements in H;00 an*0
1 ISO 10FH#-= +%r ma(neti' parti'le testin(
1 ISO 10FH#-" +%r e**y 'urrent testin(-
&*5 Bi2ui* penetrant %r e**y 'urrent testin(. manual %r aut%mate*. %+ t/e en* +a'e %r be)el %+ ea'/ pipe in
n%n-+err%ma(neti' steel +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e
re2uirements in H;00 an*0
1 ISO 10FH#-; +%r li2ui* penetrant testin(
1 ISO 10FH#-" +%r e**y 'urrent testin(-
&*& T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 Imper+e'ti%ns l%n(er t/an > mm in t/e 'ir'um+erential *ire'ti%n are n%t permitte*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '&5
H 2** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ sea$less (i(e
Pipe ends
2*) Pipe en*s s/all be teste* as re2uire* by H>00 an* <00-
3ltrasonic inspection for laminar imperfections in the pipe body
2*4 8ltras%ni' inspe'ti%n %+ t/e pipe b%*y s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00
an* ISO 10FH#-F amen*e* as +%ll%,s0
1 t/e *istan'e bet,een a*Ga'ent s'annin( tra'&s s/all be su++i'iently small t% ensure *ete'ti%n %+ t/e
minimum all%,e* imper+e'ti%n siJe-
2*8 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 a''%r*in( t% Table D-1" %r. i+ a(ree*. 3"0#-
3ltrasonic inspection for longitudinal imperfections in the pipe body
2*4 8ltras%ni' inspe'ti%n %+ t/e pipe b%*y s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00
an* ISO 10FH#-10- T/e pr%be an(les s/all be '/%sen t% %btain t/e best test result +%r t/e ,all t/i'&nessI*iameter
rati% %+ t/e pipe t% be teste*-
F%r pipes in RA materials it s/all be )eri+ie* t/at t/e presen'e %+ any p%ssible '%arse. anis%tr%pi' J%nes ,ill
n%t impe*e t/e testin(. see H;"; t/r%u(/ H;#1-
2*# T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 A''eptan'e le)el 8"I a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-10-
3ltrasonic inspection for transverse imperfections in the pipe body
2*5 8ltras%ni' inspe'ti%n %+ t/e pipe b%*y s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00
an* ISO 10FH#-10- T/e pr%be an(les s/all be '/%sen t% %btain t/e best test result +%r t/e ,all t/i'&nessI*iameter
rati% %+ t/e pipe t% be teste*-
F%r pipes in RA materials it s/all be )eri+ie* t/at t/e presen'e %+ any p%ssible '%arse. anis%tr%pi' J%nes ,ill
n%t impe*e t/e testin(. see H;"; t/r%u(/ H;#1-
2*& T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 A''eptan'e le)el 8"I a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-10-
3ltrasonic thic.ness testing of the pipe body
2*2 8ltras%ni' t/i'&ness testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in
H;00 an* ISO 10FH#-1"-
2*: T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 T/e spe'i+ie* ma:imum an* minimum ,all t/i'&ness s/all be met-
Surface testing for longitudinal and transverse imperfections in the pipe body of ferromagnetic pipe
2)* Testin( %+ +err%ma(neti' seamless pipe +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse sur+a'e
imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in( stan*ar*s0
1 ISO 10FH#-" Ce**y 'urrent testin(4
1 ISO 10FH#-# C+lu: lea&a(e testin(4
1 ISO 10FH#-= Cma(neti' parti'le testin(4-
2)) F%r *ete'ti%n %+ internal in*i'ati%ns ISO 10FH#-" %r ISO 10FH#-# s/all be pre+erre* pr%)i*e* a*e2uate
si(nal amplitu*es +r%m t/e internal sur+a'e re+le't%r are *%'umente* an* use* +%r sensiti)ity settin(-
2)4 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 ISO 10FH#-"0 Alarm le)elIa''eptan'e le)el E"
1 ISO 10FH#-#0 Alarm le)elIa''eptan'e le)el F"
1 ISO 10FH#-=0 Alarm le)elIa''eptan'e le)el Table ". 6"-
Surface testing for longitudinal and transverse indications in pipe body of non(magnetic pipe
2)8 Testin( %+ n%n-ma(neti' seamless pipe +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse sur+a'e
imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in(
stan*ar*s0
1 ISO 10FH#-" Ce**y 'urrent testin(4
1 ISO 10FH#-; Cli2ui* penetrant testin(4-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '&6
2)4 F%r *ete'ti%n %+ internal in*i'ati%ns ISO 10FH#-" s/all be pre+erre* pr%)i*e* a*e2uate si(nal amplitu*es
+r%m t/e internal sur+a'e re+le't%r are *%'umente* an* use* +%r sensiti)ity settin(-
2)# T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 ISO 10FH#-"0 Alarm le)elIa''eptan'e le)el E"
1 ISO 10FH#-;0 Alarm le)elIa''eptan'e le)el P"-
Suspect pipe
2)5 Pipes n%t meetin( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria ab%)e s/all be *eeme* as Ssuspe't pipeT a''%r*in( t% H"00
an* s/all be treate* a''%r*in( t% H#00-
H :** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ HFW (i(e
Pipe ends
:*) Pipe en*s s/all be teste* as re2uire* by H>00 an* H<00
3ltrasonic testing of the pipe body for detection of laminar imperfections
:*4 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns nee* n%t be per+%rme* at t/e
pipe mill i+ testin( %+ t/e '%il e*(es ,as per+%rme* at t/e '%il mill a''%r*in( t% subse'ti%n 3-
:*8 I+ per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill. ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns
s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO 10FH#-F amen*e* as +%ll%,s0
1 t/e *istan'e bet,een a*Ga'ent s'annin( tra'&s s/all be su++i'iently small t% ensure *ete'ti%n %+ t/e
minimum all%,e* imper+e'ti%n siJe-
:*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 a''%r*in( t% Table D-1" %r. i+ a(ree*. 3"0#-
3ltrasonic testing of the area adTacent to the weld seam for detection of laminar imperfections
:*# 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e area a*Ga'ent t% t/e ,el* seam b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns s/all
be per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill i+ t/e strip is ma*e by splittin( %+ '%il- I+ t/e strip is n%t ma*e by splittin( %+ '%il
an* is teste* +%r laminar imper+e'ti%ns at t/e '%il mill a''%r*in( t% subse'ti%n 3. n% testin( +%r *ete'ti%n %+
laminar imper+e'ti%ns nee* t% be per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill
:*5 I+ per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill. t/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% t/e re2uirements in H;00 an*
ISO 10FH#-F-
:*& A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 a''%r*in( t% Table D-1" %r. i+ a(ree* 3"0#-
3ltrasonic testing for longitudinal imperfections in the weld seam
:*2 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e +ull len(t/ %+ t/e ,el* seam %+ HF@ pipe +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal
imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO 10FH#-11 ,it/
m%*i+i'ati%ns as *es'ribe* in H0H t/r%u(/ H1F-
:*: A''urate ,el* tra'&in( ,it/ a t%leran'e [ " mm ,it/ respe't t% t/e 'entreline %+ t/e ,el* is essential *ue
t% t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ,el*-
:)* T/e re+eren'e stan*ar* s/all '%ntain a typi'al ,el*. ,it/ t/e e:ternal +las/ rem%)e* an* in'lu*in( tra'&s
resultin( +r%m rem%)al %+ t/e internal +las/-
T/e re+eren'e re+le't%rs s/all be0
1 e:ternal an* internal re+eren'e n%t'/es l%'ate* parallel t% an* in t/e 'entre %+ t/e ,el*- T/e n%t'/es s/all
be SNT type ,it/ a *ept/ %+ =L %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness n%t'/es ,it/ a *ept/ %+ minimum 0-# mm an*
ma:imum 1-" mm-
:)) One %r m%re %+ t/e +%ll%,in( pr%be '%n+i(urati%ns s/all be use*0
1 Sin(le pulse e'/% pr%bes s/all be sele'te* su'/ as t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e is as perpen*i'ular t% t/e ra*ial
'entreline %+ t/e ,el* as p%ssible-
1 Tan*em pr%bes %n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e ,el* ,it/ t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e as perpen*i'ular t% t/e ra*ial 'entreline
%+ t/e ,el* as p%ssible-
1 Pr%bes alternatin( as transmitter-re'ei)er ,it/ t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e as perpen*i'ular t% t/e ra*ial
'entreline %+ t/e ,el* as p%ssible-
T/e pr%be '%n+i(urati%n s/all pr%)i*e a su++i'ient number %+ pr%bes t% '%)er t/e entire ,all t/i'&ness +r%m b%t/
si*es %+ t/e ,el*-
:)4 T/e e2uipment s/all in'lu*e *e)i'es +%r ,el* tra'&in(I 'enterin( an* pr%)i*e '/e'&in( %+ a*e2uate
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age ''%
'%uplin( +%r all pr%bes-
:)8 Ea'/ pr%be s/all be 'alibrate* a(ainst t/e re+eren'e re+le't%r l%'ate* in t/e area %+ t/e ,el* t% be '%)ere*
by t/at pr%be-
:)4 F%r sin(le pulse e'/% pr%bes an* tan*em pr%bes t/e t/res/%l* settin(s s/all be as +%ll%,s0
1 I+ t/e testin( is per+%rme* ,it/ %ne pr%be pair '%)erin( t/e entire ,all t/i'&ness. t/e resp%nse +r%m t/e
interse'ti%ns bet,een t/e re+eren'e n%t'/es an* t/e e:ternal an* internal pipe sur+a'e s/all %ptimise* an*
t/e t/res/%l* le)el set at F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t %+ t/e l%,est %+ t/e %btaine* resp%nses-
1 I+ t/e testin( is per+%rme* ,it/ pr%be pairs ea'/ '%)erin( a part %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness. t/e t/res/%l* le)el
s/all be set at F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t-
:)# F%r pr%bes alternatin( as transmitter-re'ei)er t/e t/res/%l* le)el s/all be set '%rresp%n*in( t% a l%ss %+
<=L %+ t/e transmitte* si(nal-
:)5 F%r ea'/ pr%be. t/e +%ll%,in( s/all be re'%r*e*0
1 type. +re2uen'y. an(le an* *imensi%n
1 t/e *istan'e +r%m t/e in*e: p%int t% t/e ,el* 'entreline
1 t/e an(le bet,een t/e ultras%un* *ire'ti%n an* t/e maG%r pipe a:is-
1 amplitu*es an* (ain settin(s-
:)& 3ates s/all be set su'/ t/at re+le'ti%ns +r%m t/e tra'&s resultin( +r%m rem%)al %+ t/e internal +las/ are
a)%i*e* but su++i'iently ,i*e t% ensure t/at t/e t%leran'es in t/e ,el* tra'&in( system ,ill result in resp%nses
+r%m in*i'ati%ns insi*e t/e ,el* an* t/e HAU-
:)2 T/e settin(s +%r la'& %+ '%uplin( alarm s/all be set an* '/e'&e*-
:): T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 Pipes pr%*u'in( si(nals bel%, t/e t/res/%l* s/all be *eeme* t% /a)e passe* t/e test-
Plate/strip end welds
:4* Testin( %+ plateIstrip en* ,el*s C,/en su'/ ,el*s are all%,e*4 s/all. unless %t/er,ise a(ree* be
per+%rme* by ultras%ni' testin( a''%r*in( t% t/is stan*ar*- T/e testin( s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+
t/is stan*ar* an* met/%*s an* a set-up suitable +%r t/e applie* ,el*in( met/%* s/all be use*-
Suspect pipe
:4) Pipes n%t meetin( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria ab%)e s/all be *eeme* as Ssuspe't pipeT a''%r*in( t% H"00
an* s/all be treate* a''%r*in( t% H#00-
H )*** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ CRA liner (i(e
)**) Testin( %+ RA pipe +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns an* t/e
l%n(itu*inal ,el* s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO 10FH#-" Ce**y
'urrent testin(4-
1 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n +%r e**y 'urrent testin( is0
1 T/e resp%nse s/all n%t e:'ee* /al+ t/e resp%nse %+ alarm le)elIa''eptan'e le)el E" a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-"-
)**4 Testin( %+ t/e ,el* seam 'an alternati)ely be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00
an* ISO 10FH#-> Cra*i%(rap/i' testin(4- Di(ital ra*i%(rap/y testin(. i+ appli'able. s/all be per+%rme* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 10FH#-<. 'lass !-
)**8 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r ra*i%(rap/i' testin( are0
1 N% 'ra'&s. la'& %+ +usi%n. la'& %+ penetrati%n %r p%re 'lusters- In*i)i*ual 'ir'ular imper+e'ti%ns s/all n%t
e:'ee* 1-= mm %r i t. ,/i'/e)er is smaller- A''umulate* *iameters %+ permitte* imper+e'ti%ns s/all n%t
e:'ee* # mm %r e t. ,/i'/e)er is smaller- N% %t/er *is'ernable in*i'ati%ns are all%,e*-
3ntested pipe ends
)**4 8nteste* pipe en*s s/all be teste* as re2uire* by H>00-
Suspect pipe
)**# Pipes n%t meetin( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria ab%)e s/all be *eeme* as Ssuspe't pipeT a''%r*in( t% H"00
an* s/all be treate* a''%r*in( t% H#00-
H ))** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ line" (i(e
4on(destructive testing of the bac.ing pipe
))*) N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ t/e %uter -6n steel ba'&in( pipe s/all be per+%rme* pri%r t% inserti%n %+
t/e RA liner pipe- T/e ba'&in( pipe s/all be subGe'te* t% t/e same testin( ,it/ t/e same a''eptan'e 'riteria
t/at are re2uire* in t/is Appen*i: +%r t/e type %+ ba'&in( pipe use*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age ''$
Pipe ends
))*4 A+ter inserti%n %+ t/e liner pipe an* per+%rmin( seal an*I%r 'la* ,el*in( t/e en*s %+ line* pipe s/all be
teste* +%r laminar imper+e'ti%ns in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO 10FH#-F %r AST6 A=<F
S< in a ban* at ea'/ pipe en*- F%r 'la* ,el*e* pipe en*s t/is in'lu*es testin( +%r b%n*in( *e+e'ts- T/e ban*
s/all be su++i'iently ,i*e t% '%)er t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e sealI'la* ,el* bet,een t/e -6n steel ba'&in( pipe an* t/e
RA liner pipe- 6anual %r aut%mate* met/%*s may be use*-
))*8 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 N% in*i'ati%ns are all%,e* ,it/in t/e teste* areas-
Seal and clad welds
))*4 T/e seal an*I%r 'la* ,el*s at pipe en*s s/all be subGe't t% manual li2ui* penetrant testin( a''%r*in( t%
!>00 %r e**y 'urrent testin( a''%r*in( t% !<00-
))*# T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 N% r%un* in*i'ati%ns ,it/ *iameter ab%)e 1 mm an* n% el%n(ate* in*i'ati%ns-
1 In*i'ati%ns separate* by a *istan'e less t/an t/e *iameter %r len(t/ %+ t/e smallest in*i'ati%n. s/all be
'%nsi*ere* as %ne in*i'ati%n-
1 A''umulate* *iameters %+ r%un* in*i'ati%ns in any 100 mm len(t/ %+ ,el* s/all n%t e:'ee* > mm-
H )4** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ cla" (i(e
Pipe ends
)4*) Pipe en*s s/all be teste* as re2uire* by H>00 an* H<00-
3ltrasonic testing of the pipe body for detection of laminar imperfections
)4*4 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns in t/e ba'&in( pipe nee* n%t
be per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill i+ testin( %+ t/e plate ,as per+%rme* at t/e plate mill a''%r*in( t% subse'ti%n 3-
)4*8 I+ per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill. ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns
s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO 10FH#-F amen*e* as +%ll%,s0
1 T/e *istan'e bet,een a*Ga'ent s'annin( tra'&s s/all be su++i'iently small t% ensure *ete'ti%n %+ t/e
minimum all%,e* imper+e'ti%n siJe-
)4*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 a''%r*in( t% Table D-1" %r. i+ a(ree*. 3"0#-
)4*# 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ la'& %+ b%n* bet,een t/e 'la**in( an* ba'&in( pipe
s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* AST6 =<F S< amen*e* as +%ll%,s0
1 T/e *istan'e bet,een a*Ga'ent s'annin( tra'&s s/all be su++i'iently small t% ensure *ete'ti%n %+ t/e
minimum all%,e* imper+e'ti%n siJe-
)4*5 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 AST6 A=<F - S<- In a**iti%n. n% areas ,it/ laminati%ns %r la'& %+ b%n* are all%,e* in t/e plate e*(e areas-
3ltrasonic testing for longitudinal and transverse imperfections in the weld seam
)4*& F%r ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e RA part %+ t/e ,el* seam it must be *em%nstrate* t/at l%, +re2uen'y
s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes are a*e2uate +%r *ete'ti%n as re2uire* in H;"; t/r%u(/ H;#1- I+ it is n%t p%ssible t%
*em%nstrate a*e2uate per+%rman'e %+ l%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes %t/er met/%*s %r '%mbinati%n
%+ met/%*s s/all use* an* t/e a*e2ua'y %+ t/e met/%*%l%(y *em%nstrate*-
8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e ,el* seam %+ 'la* pipe +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns.
,/en *em%nstrate* t% (i)e a''eptable results. s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO
10FH#-11 ,it/ m%*i+i'ati%ns as *es'ribe* in 1"0F t/r%u(/ 1"1H-
)4*2 T/e re+eren'e stan*ar* s/all '%ntain a typi'al pr%*u'ti%n ,el*- T/e ,el* sur+a'e s/all be (r%un* +lus/
,it/ t/e %ri(inal pipe '%nt%ur in an area ar%un* ea'/ re+eren'e re+le't%r su++i'ient t% %btain si(nals ,it/%ut
inter+eren'e +r%m un-(r%un* ,el* rein+%r'ements-
)4*: T/e re+eren'e re+le't%rs s/all be0
1 One 1-> mm *iameter t/r%u(/-*rille* /%le at t/e ,el* 'entreline +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse in*i'ati%ns-
1 B%n(itu*inal e:ternal an* internal n%t'/es %n b%t/ si*es. parallel an* a*Ga'ent t% t/e ,el* seam +%r
*ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns %utsi*e t/e r%%t area- T/e n%t'/ s/all be t/e SNT type ,it/ =L %+
t/e ,all t/i'&ness. but n%t m%re t/an 1-= mm %r less t/an 0-# mm-
1 One n%t'/ %n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e internal ,el* 'ap l%'ate* imme*iately a*Ga'ent t% an* parallel ,it/ t/e ,el*
+%r *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns in t/e r%%t area- T/e n%t'/ s/all be t/e SNT type ,it/ #L %+ t/e
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age ''&
,all t/i'&ness. but n%t m%re t/an 1-" mm %r less t/an 0-# mm-
1 I+ a(ree*. t/e re+eren'e re+le't%rs +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns 'an be internal an* e:ternal
n%t'/es. SNT type ,it/ #L %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness. p%siti%ne* at ri(/t an(les t%. an* 'entre* %)er. t/e ,el*
seam-
1 A**iti%nal re+le't%rs may be use* t% *e+ine t/e ,el* e:tremities an* ai*in( in t/e (ate settin(s- T/e use.
type an* numbers %+ su'/ re+le't%rs s/all be at t/e manu+a'turerNs %pti%n-
T/e len(t/ %+ t/e n%t'/es s/all be 1-= times t/e pr%be C'rystal4 element siJe %r "0 mm. ,/i'/e)er is s/%rter-
T/e len(t/ *%es n%t in'lu*e any r%un*e* '%rners- T/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e n%t'/es s/all n%t e:'ee* 1 mm-
)4)* T/e pr%be an(les s/all be '/%sen t% %btain t/e best p%ssible test result +%r ,all t/i'&ness an* *iameter
%+ t/e pipe t% be teste*- T/e pr%be an(le s/all be '/%sen su'/ t/at t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e is as perpen*i'ular as
p%ssible t% t/e ,el* be)el in t/e area '%)ere* by t/e pr%be-
)4)) T/e +re2uen'y %+ t/e pr%bes use* in t/e r%%t area s/all be as l%, as p%ssible an* n%t ab%)e " 6HJ-
)4)4 T/e pr%be '%n+i(urati%n +%r *ete'ti%n %+ t/e l%n(itu*inal in*i'ati%ns s/all pr%)i*e a su++i'ient number
%+ %pp%sin( pr%be pairs t% '%)er t/e entire ,all t/i'&ness- E-(- %ne pair %+ pr%bes +%r t/e e:ternal an* internal
N= n%t'/es an* %ne pair +%r t/e internal N# n%t'/es in t/e r%%t area-
)4)8 T/e pr%be '%n+i(urati%n +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse in*i'ati%ns s/all be t,% ,i*e beam. %pp%sin(
pr%bes tra)ellin( S%n bea*T- An P type '%n+i(urati%n %+ t/e pr%bes +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse in*i'ati%ns may
be use*. subGe't t% a(reement-
)4)4 T/e (ates s/all be set ,i*e en%u(/ t% '%mpensate +%r0
1 T/e t%leran'es %+ ,el* tra'&in( system
1 Variati%ns in t/e ,i*t/ %+ e:ternal an* internal 'aps
1 O++sets bet,een t/e e:ternal an* internal ,el* bea*-
)4)# Ea'/ pr%be s/all be 'alibrate* a(ainst t/e re+eren'e re+le't%r l%'ate* in t/e area %+ t/e ,el* t% be
'%)ere* by t/at pr%be- T/e resp%nse +r%m t/e re+eren'e re+le't%rs s/all be %ptimise* +%r ea'/ pr%be an* pr%be
pair0
1 F%r *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns in t/e r%%t area t/e %ptimise* resp%nse +%r ea'/ pr%be s/all be
%btaine* +r%m t/e internal n%t'/ %n t/e %pp%site si*e %+ t/e ,el*- T/e t/res/%l* le)el +%r ea'/ %+ t/e internal
n%t'/es s/all be set n% /i(/er t/an =0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t +r%m t/e ma:imise* resp%nse-
1 F%r *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns %utsi*e t/e r%%t area t/e resp%nse +r%m t/e e:ternal an* internal
n%t'/es s/all %ptimise* an* t/e t/res/%l* le)el set t% F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t +%r ea'/ %+ t/e ma:imise*
resp%nses-
1 F%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns t/e t/res/%l* le)el +%r t/e 1-> mm t/r%u(/ *rille* /%le %r
trans)erse n%t'/es s/all be set n% /i(/er t/an F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t-
1 I+ t/e use %+ trans)erse n%t'/es is a(ree* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse in*i'ati%ns. t/e resp%nse +r%m t/e
e:ternal an* internal n%t'/es s/all %ptimise* an* t/e t/res/%l* le)el set t% F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t +%r
ea'/ %+ t/e ma:imise* resp%nses-
1 T/e a**iti%nal re+le't%rs all%,e* in 1"0H s/all n%t be use* +%r t/res/%l* settin(s-
)4)5 F%r ea'/ pr%be. t/e +%ll%,in( s/all be re'%r*e*0
1 type. +re2uen'y. an(le an* *imensi%n
1 t/e *istan'e +r%m t/e in*e: p%int t% t/e ,el* 'entreline
1 t/e an(le bet,een t/e ultras%un* *ire'ti%n an* t/e maG%r pipe a:is
1 amplitu*es an* (ain settin(s-
)4)& 3ates s/all be set su'/ t/at re+le'ti%ns +r%m t/e ,el* 'aps are a)%i*e* but su++i'iently ,i*e t% ensure
t/at. ,it/ t/e (i)en t%leran'es %+ t/e ,el* tra'&in( system. resp%nses are %btaine* +r%m in*i'ati%ns l%'ate*
insi*e t/e ,el* an* t/e HAU-
)4)2 T/e settin(s +%r la'& %+ '%uplin( alarm s/all be set an* '/e'&e*-
)4): T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n ,/en usin( s/ear ,a)e pr%bes is0
1 Pipes pr%*u'in( si(nals bel%, t/e t/res/%l* s/all be *eeme* t% /a)e passe* t/e test-
@/en '%mpressi%n ,a)e an(le pr%bes are use*. %t/er types %+ re+le't%rs s/all be use* an* t/e a''eptan'e
'riteria s/all be spe'i+ie* an* a(ree* a''%r*in(ly-
3ltrasonic testing of the area adTacent to the weld seam for detection of laminar imperfections
)44* 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e area a*Ga'ent t% t/e ,el* seam b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns
nee* n%t be per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill i+ testin( %+ t/e plate e*(es ,as per+%rme* at t/e plate mill a''%r*in( t%
subse'ti%n 3-
)44) I+ per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill. t/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% t/e re2uirements in H;00 an*
ISO 10FH#-F-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '''
)444 A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 a''%r*in( t% Table D-1" %r. i+ a(ree*. 3"0#-
Testing for the detection of surface imperfections in the weld area
)448 Testin( +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns in t/e ,el* area s/all be
per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in( stan*ar*s0
1 ISO 10FH#-" Ce**y 'urrent testin(4
1 ISO 10FH#-# C+lu: lea&a(e testin(4
1 ISO 10FH#-= Cma(neti' parti'le testin(4-
)444 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 ISO 10FH#-"0 Alarm le)elIa''eptan'e le)el E"
1 ISO 10FH#-#0 Alarm le)elIa''eptan'e le)el F"
1 ISO 10FH#-=0 Alarm le)elIa''eptan'e le)el Table #. 6"-
Radiographic testing of welds
)44# Full len(t/ ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ t/e ,el* s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in
H;00 an* ISO 10FH#->-
)445 F%r pipe subGe't t% +ull len(t/ ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e ,el*. ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ t/e ,el* at ea'/
pipe en* s/all in'lu*e t/e area n%t '%)ere* by t/e aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( an* s/all at least '%)er a ,el*
len(t/ %+ #00 mm- T/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO 10FH#-
>- F%r *i(ital ra*i%(rap/i' systems. re+eren'e is ma*e t% 'lause H;##-
)44& T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-> %r ISO 10FH#-<-
Suspect pipe
)442 Pipes n%t meetin( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria ab%)e s/all be *eeme* as Ssuspe't pipeT a''%r*in( t% H"00
an* s/all be treate* a''%r*in( t% H#00-
H )8** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ SAW an" SAWH (i(e
Pipe ends
)8*) Pipe en*s s/all be teste* as re2uire* by H>00 an* H<00-
3ltrasonic testing of the pipe body for detection of laminar imperfections
)8*4 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns nee* n%t be per+%rme* at t/e
pipe mill i+ testin( %+ t/e plateI'%il e*(es ,as per+%rme* at t/e plateI'%il mill a''%r*in( t% subse'ti%n 3-
)8*8 I+ per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill. ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns
s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO 10FH#-F amen*e* as +%ll%,s0
1 t/e *istan'e bet,een a*Ga'ent s'annin( tra'&s s/all be su++i'iently small t% ensure *ete'ti%n %+ t/e
minimum all%,e* imper+e'ti%n siJe-
)8*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 a''%r*in( t% Table D-1" %r. i+ a(ree*. 3"0#-
3ltrasonic testing of the area adTacent to the weld seam for detection of laminar imperfections
)8*# 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e area a*Ga'ent t% t/e ,el* seam b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns
nee* n%t be per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill i+ testin( %+ t/e plateI'%il e*(es ,as per+%rme* at t/e plateI'%il mill
a''%r*in( t% subse'ti%n 3-
)8*5 I+ per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill. t/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% t/e re2uirements in H;00 an*
ISO 10FH#-F-
)8*& A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 a''%r*in( t% Table D-1" %r. i+ a(ree*. 3"0#-
3ltrasonic testing for longitudinal and transverse imperfections in the weld seam
)8*2 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e ,el* seam %+ SA@ pipe +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse
imper+e'ti%ns s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO 10FH#-11 ,it/ m%*i+i'ati%ns as
(i)en in 1#0H t/r%u(/ 1#"0-
T/e e2uipment s/all all%, +%r t/e '%mplete e:aminati%n %+ t/e ,el* an* its a*Ga'ent area +%r b%t/ l%n(itu*inal
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age ''1
an* trans)erse *e+e'ts- T/e e2uipment s/all be +itte* ,it/ an aut%mati' paint spray system C%r alternati)e
system. e-(- re'%r*in(4 +%r mar&in( t/e areas (i)in( ultras%ni' in*i'ati%ns an* areas ,/ere a l%ss %+ ultras%ni'
'%uplin( ,it/ t/e pipe /as %''urre*-
T% )eri+y t/at n% *e+e'ts %ri(inatin( +r%m /y*r%(en is present. a minimum %+ "L %+ t/e pipes s/all be e:amine*
by an %ptimiJe* manual 8T pr%'e*ure +%r 'ra'&s- T/is in)esti(ati%n s/all be *%ne minimum ;F /%urs a+ter
,el*in(- I+ pipe '%ntains su'/ *e+e'ts all pipes pr%*u'e* pri%r t% t/is pipe an* t/e last teste* s/all be
2uarantine*-
)8*: T/e re+eren'e stan*ar* s/all '%ntain a typi'al pr%*u'ti%n ,el*- T/e ,el* sur+a'e s/all be (r%un* +lus/
,it/ t/e %ri(inal pipe '%nt%ur in an area ar%un* re+eren'e re+le't%rs use* +%r settin( inspe'ti%n sensiti)ity +%r
t/e inspe'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns in %r*er t% %btain si(nals ,it/%ut inter+eren'e +r%m un-(r%un*
,el* rein+%r'ements- T/e ,el* sur+a'e s/all stay un(r%un* in t/e area %+ re+eren'e re+le't%r +%r settin(
sensiti)ity %n +%r t/e inspe'ti%n %+ trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns-
)8)* T/e re+eren'e re+le't%rs s/all be0
1 One 1-> mm *iameter t/r%u(/ *rille* /%le at t/e ,el* 'entreline +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse in*i'ati%ns
1 B%n(itu*inal e:ternal an* internal n%t'/es %n b%t/ si*es. parallel an* a*Ga'ent t% t/e ,el* seam +%r
*ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns- T/e n%t'/ s/all be t/e SNT type ,it/ =L %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness. but
n%t m%re t/an 1-= mm %r less t/an 0-# mm- T/e len(t/ %+ t/e n%t'/es s/all be 1-= times t/e pr%be C'rystal4
element siJe %r "0 mm. ,/i'/e)er is s/%rter- T/e len(t/ *%es n%t in'lu*e any r%un*e* '%rners- T/e ,i*t/
%+ t/e n%t'/es s/all n%t e:'ee* 1 mm-
1 F%r ,all t/i'&ness 1H mm a l%n(itu*inal re+eren'e re+le't%r. e-(- a si*e-*rille* /%le. s/all be l%'ate* at
mi* t/i'&ness %+ t/e ,el* an* parallel t% t/e ,el*- T/is re+le't%r s/all pr%)i*e a return si(nal '%mparable
t% t/at +r%m a N= n%t'/- T/e 6anu+a'turer s/all pr%p%se a type %+ re+le't%r suitable +%r t/e purp%se. an*
t/e type %+ re+le't%r use* is subGe't t% a(reement-
1 I+ a(ree*. t/e re+eren'e re+le't%rs +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns 'an be internal an* e:ternal
n%t'/es. p%siti%ne* at ri(/t an(les t%. an* 'entre* %)er. t/e ,el* seam-
1 A**iti%nal re+le't%rs may be use* t% *e+ine t/e ,el* e:tremities an* ai*in( in t/e (ate settin(s- T/e use.
type an* numbers %+ su'/ re+le't%rs s/all be at t/e manu+a'turerNs %pti%n an* s/all be *es'ribe* in t/e
*%'umente* pr%'e*ure-
)8)) T/e inspe'ti%n an(les s/all be '/%sen t% %btain t/e best p%ssible test result +%r ,all t/i'&ness an*
*iameter %+ t/e pipe t% be teste*- T/e inspe'ti%n an(le s/%ul* be '/%sen su'/ t/at t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e is as
perpen*i'ular as p%ssible t% t/e ,el* be)el in t/e area '%)ere* by t/e pr%be-
)8)4 T/e pr%be '%n+i(urati%n +%r *ete'ti%n %+ t/e l%n(itu*inal in*i'ati%ns s/all pr%)i*e a su++i'ient number
%+ %pp%sin( pr%be pairs %r +%'al la,s t% '%)er t/e entire ,all t/i'&ness- Ea'/ re+eren'e re+le't%r s/all /a)e a
*e*i'ate* pr%be pairI+%'al la,-
)8)8 T/e pr%be '%n+i(urati%n +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse in*i'ati%ns s/all be t,% ,i*e beam. %pp%sin(
pr%bes tra)ellin( S%n bea*T- An P type '%n+i(urati%n %+ t/e pr%bes +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse in*i'ati%ns may
be use* instea* %+ ,i*e beam pr%bes S%n bea*T. subGe't t% a(reement-
)8)4 Ea'/ pr%be %r +%'al la, s/all be 'alibrate* a(ainst t/e re+eren'e re+le't%r l%'ate* in t/e area %+ t/e ,el*
t% be '%)ere* by t/at pr%be- T/e resp%nse +r%m t/e re+eren'e re+le't%rs s/all be %ptimise* +%r ea'/ pr%be an*
pr%be pair0
1 F%r *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns t/e %ptimise* resp%nse +r%m t/e l%n(itu*inal e:ternal an*
internal n%t'/es s/all be set t% F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t +%r ea'/ %+ t/e %btaine* resp%nses- T/e reGe'ti%n
t/res/%l* s/all be set t% n% /i(/er t/an F0L +ull s'reen /ei(/t-
1 I+ a separate re+le't%r is p%siti%ne* at mi* t/i'&ness. +%r instan'e a si*e *rille* /%le. t/e %ptimise* resp%nse
+r%m t/is re+le't%r s/all be set t% F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t +%r ea'/ %+ t/e %btaine* resp%nses- T/e reGe'ti%n
t/res/%l* s/all be set t% n% /i(/er t/an F0L +ull s'reen /ei(/t-
1 F%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns t/e %ptimise* resp%nse +r%m t/e 1-> mm t/r%u(/ *rille* /%le %r
trans)erse n%t'/es s/all be set n% /i(/er t/an F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t- T/e reGe'ti%n t/res/%l* s/all be set
t% n% /i(/er t/an F0L +ull s'reen /ei(/t-
1 I+ t/e use %+ trans)erse n%t'/es is a(ree* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns. t/e resp%nse +r%m t/e
trans)erse e:ternal an* internal n%t'/es s/all be %ptimise* an* set t% F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t +%r ea'/ %+
t/e %btaine* resp%nses- T/e reGe'ti%n t/res/%l* s/all be set t% n% /i(/er t/an F0L +ull s'reen /ei(/t-
1 T/e a**iti%nal re+le't%rs all%,e* in 1#10 s/all n%t be use* +%r t/res/%l* settin(s-
F%r ea'/ pr%be %r +%'al la,. t/e +%ll%,in( s/all be re'%r*e*0
1 type. +re2uen'y. an(le an* *imensi%n
1 t/e *istan'e +r%m t/e in*e: p%int t% t/e ,el* 'entreline
1 t/e an(le bet,een t/e ultras%un* *ire'ti%n an* t/e maG%r pipe a:is
1 amplitu*es an* (ain settin(s-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age ''2
T/e +%ll%,in( parameters s/all be rep%rte* an* a print %ut s/all be ma*e a)ailable at t/e A8T stati%n0
1 A '%mpre/ensi)e *etaile* list %+ pr%besI'/annels. l%n(itu*inalItrans)erse. IDIODI6i*. +la, *ete'ti%nI
'%uplin(-
1 A matri: s/%,in( all '/annels in'lu*in( '%uplin( '/annels. ,it/ resp%nse +r%m t/e *i++erent re+le't%rs
in'lu*in( 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs s/all be ma*e ,it/ *! le)els. (ain. si(nal /ei(/t. tri((er t/res/%l*- T/e
table S'/annelsIre+le't%rs CIR4T. s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e A8T pr%'e*ureI,%r&in( instru'ti%ns an*
submitte* t% O6PANR +%r appr%)al-
1 Date. time. %perat%r name an* si(nature. inspe't%r name an* si(nature-
)8)# T/e (ates s/all be set ,i*e en%u(/ t% '%mpensate +%r0
1 t/e t%leran'es %+ ,el* tra'&in( system
1 )ariati%ns in t/e ,i*t/ %+ e:ternal an* internal 'aps
1 %++sets bet,een t/e e:ternal an* internal ,el* bea*-
)8)5 T/e settin(s +%r la'& %+ '%uplin( alarm s/all be set an* '/e'&e*-
)8)& @/en t/e settin(s are %ptimise*. t/e rele)ant parameters s/all be re'%r*e* an* t/e re+eren'e stan*ar*
s/all be passe* # times t/r%u(/ t/e e2uipment at t/e %perati%nal )el%'ity- Any '/an(e in settin(s re2uire* t%
maintain t/e stati' m%*e settin(s s/all be re'%r*e* as an a)era(e %+ t/e # runs- F%r a''eptan'e %+ t/e settin(s.
t/e *e)iati%n in resp%nse +r%m ea'/ 'alibrati%n re+le't%r s/all n%t be m%re t/an # *! +r%m t/e primary re+eren'e
le)el CF0L FSH4- 3ate settin(s s/all n%t *e)iate m%re t/an "-= mm +r%m t/e re+eren'e p%siti%n-
One *ynami' 'alibrati%n )eri+i'ati%n s'an %+ t/e re+eren'e stan*ar* s/all be 'arrie* %ut at t/e start %+ ea'/ s/i+t.
,/ene)er t/ere is an e2uipment '/an(e %)er. ,/ene)er t/ere is an %perat%r '/an(e. a+ter e)ery 10 pipe teste*
%r e)ery ; /%urs. ,/i'/e)er is t/e +irst e)ent met-
)8)2 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
Pipes pr%*u'in( si(nals bel%, t/e reGe'ti%n t/res/%l* s/all be *eeme* t% /a)e passe* t/e test-
)dditional re*uirements for S)61 pipe strip/plate end welds
)8): F%r SA@H pipe t/e +ull len(t/ %+ stripIplate en* ,el*s C,/en su'/ ,el*s are all%,e*4 s/all be
ultras%ni'ally teste* as re2uire* ab%)e +%r t/e /eli'al seam- Alternati)ely manual ultras%ni' testin( in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n H1;00 may be use* +%r testin( %+ test stripIplate en* ,el*s-
In a**iti%n. t/e G%ints ,/ere t/e e:tremities %+ t/e /eli'al an* stripIplate en* ,el*s meet s/all be subGe't t%
ra*i%(rap/i' testin( in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO ISO 10FH#->- F%r use %+ *i(ital
ra*i%(rap/i' e2uipment. re+eren'e is ma*e t% 'lause H;##-
)84* A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r t/ese tests are0
1 F%r aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin(0 a''%r*in( t% H1#1H ab%)e
1 F%r manual ultras%ni' testin(0 a''%r*in( t% H1;00
1 F%r ra*i%(rap/i' testin(0 A''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#->-
)dditional re*uirements for testing of S)6 %R) pipes and welds with %R) weld deposits
)84) 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ ,el*s in RA materials ,it/ RA C*uple:. %t/er stainless steels an* ni'&el all%y
steel4 ,el* *ep%sits ,ill. in %r*er t% a'/ie)e an a*e2uate *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns. n%rmally re2uire t/at
spe'ial re+eren'e bl%'&s an* pr%bes are use*-
)844 T/e re2uirements (i)en in H;"; t/r%u(/ H;#1 s/all be +ul+ille* an* spe'ial re+eren'e is ma*e t% H;#0
an* H;#1-
)848 @/en '%mpressi%n ,a)e an(le pr%bes are use*. %t/er types %+ re+le't%rs s/all be use* an* t/e
a''eptan'e 'riteria spe'i+ie* a''%r*in(ly-
Testing of ferromagnetic pipe for the detection of surface imperfections in the weld area
)844 Testin( %+ +err%ma(neti' pipe +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns
s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in( stan*ar*s0
1 ISO 10FH#-" Ce**y 'urrent testin(4
1 ISO 10FH#-# C+lu: lea&a(e testin(4
1 ISO 10FH#-= Cma(neti' parti'le testin(4-
T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 ISO 10FH#-"0 Alarm le)elIa''eptan'e le)el E"
1 ISO 10FH#-#0 Alarm le)elIa''eptan'e le)el F"
1 ISO 10FH#-=0 Alarm le)elIa''eptan'e le)el Table #. 6"-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age ''3
Testing of non magnetic pipe for the detection of surface imperfections in the weld area
)84# Testin( %+ n%n-ma(neti' SA@ pipe +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse sur+a'e
imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in(
stan*ar*s0
1 ISO 10FH#-" Ce**y 'urrent testin(4
1 ISO 10FH#-; Cli2ui* penetrant testin(4-
T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 ISO 10FH#-"0 A''eptan'e le)el E"
1 ISO 10FH#-;0 A''eptan'e le)el P"-
Radiographic testing
)845 Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ t/e ,el* at ea'/ pipe en* s/all in'lu*e t/e area n%t '%)ere* by t/e aut%mate*
ultras%ni' testin( an* s/all at least '%)er a ,el* len(t/ %+ #00 mm- T/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e
,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO 10FH#->-
T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#->-
Suspect pipe
)84& Pipes n%t meetin( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria ab%)e s/all be *eeme* as Ssuspe't pipeT a''%r*in( t% H"00
an* s/all be treate* a''%r*in( t% H#00-
H )4** Man'al NDT a% (i(e $ills
General
)4*) In all 'ases ,/en t/e aut%mate* NDT system (i)e si(nals e2ual t% %r (reater t/an t/e t/res/%l* le)el.
%r sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns are *is'l%se* by )isual e:aminati%n. manual NDT may be per+%rme* in %r*er t%
'%n+irm t/e presen'e %r absen'e %+ a *e+e't- Aut%mate* %r semi-aut%mate* NDT may be use* as substituti%n
%+ t/e manual NDT re2uire* in H1;00 pr%)i*e* t/e met/%* is *em%nstrate* t% pr%)i*e t/e same %r better
sensiti)ity in *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns-
)4*4 In a**iti%n. manual NDT may be per+%rme* %n pipe en*s t/at are n%t teste* by t/e aut%mate*
e2uipment- See H>00-
)4*8 T/e re2uirements in H1;00 are %nly appli'able t% manual NDT per+%rme* at pipe mills %nly-
Radiographic testing
)4*4 Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO 10FH#-
> t% '%)er t/e +ull ,el* len(t/ %r t% supplement %t/er NDT met/%*s ,/en t/e type %+ %r se)erity %+ an
in*i'ati%n in ,el* 'an n%t be *etermine* ,it/ 'ertainty-
T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#->-
)ll pipe7 manual ultrasonic testing for laminar imperfections and thic.ness testing
)4*# 6anual ultras%ni' t/i'&ness testin( an* testin( +%r laminar imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* %n
unteste* pipe en*s an* t% '%n+irm t/e presen'e %r absen'e %+ a *e+e't ,/en aut%mate* NDT systems (i)es
si(nals e2ual t% %r (reater t/an t/e t/res/%l* le)el-
$anual ultrasonic testing of pipe ends+ laminar imperfections
)4*5 Any a**iti%nal n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( s/all be as spe'i+ie* by t/e pur'/aser-
)4*& I+ aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( %+ (irt/ ,el*s *urin( installati%n ,ill be per+%rme* t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ban*
s/%ul* e:ten* at least 1=0 mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns +%r (irt/ ,el*s-
)4*2 I+ all%,an'e +%r re-be)ellin( %+ pipe s/all be in'lu*e*. t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ban* s/%ul* e:ten* at least 100
mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns +%r (irt/ ,el*s-
)4*: A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 a''%r*in( t% Table D-1" %r. i+ a(ree*. 3"0#-
$anual ultrasonic testing of pipe ends+ radial crac.s
)4)* F%r *ete'ti%n %+ 'ra'&s an(le pr%bes s/all be use* t% supplement t/e strai(/t beam pr%bes- Testin( s/all
be in (eneral a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 A=<< %r e2ui)alent stan*ar* an*0
1 Pr%bes s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ "0#-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age ''4
1 Sensiti)ity +%r -6n steel s/all be a DA 'ur)e base* %n re+eren'e bl%'&s ,it/ a re'tan(ular n%t'/ ,it/
*ept/ #L %+ t/e material t/i'&ness %n b%t/ si*es-
1 Re+eren'e bl%'&s +%r *uple: stainless steel an* austeniti' steels s/all /a)e %ne g # mm +lat b%tt%m /%le
perpen*i'ular t% t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e %+ t/e pr%be an* at t/e lar(est p%ssible *ept/ +r%m t/e s'annin(
sur+a'e %+ t/e bl%'&- Re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be %+ t/e a'tual material teste* %r %+ a material ,it/ similar
,it/ a'%usti' pr%perties-
1 B%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes may be use* +%r RA material instea* %+ t,in 'rystal CtransmitterI
re'ei)er4 '%mpressi%n-,a)e pr%bes- F%r a''eptan'e. it s/all be )eri+ie* %n t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s t/at it is
p%ssible t% %btain a DA ,it/ a s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%be t/at is '%mparable t% t/e DA %btaine* ,it/ an
an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%be-
)4)) T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 n% in*i'ati%ns s/all e:'ee* t/e DA-
$anual ultrasonic testing of the pipe body for detection of laminar imperfections
)4)4 6anual ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns nee* n%t be per+%rme*
at t/e pipe mill i+ testin( %+ t/e plateI'%il e*(es ,as per+%rme* at t/e plateI'%il mill a''%r*in( t% subse'ti%n 3-
)4)8 I+ per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill. manual ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar
imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ISO 10FH#-F. App-A amen*e* as +%ll%,s0
1 t/e *istan'e bet,een a*Ga'ent s'annin( tra'&s s/all be su++i'iently small t% ensure *ete'ti%n %+ t/e
minimum all%,e* imper+e'ti%n siJe-
)4)4 A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 a''%r*in( t% Table D-1" %r. i+ a(ree*. 3"0#-
$anual ultrasonic testing of the area adTacent to the weld seam for detection of laminar imperfections
)4)# 6anual ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e area a*Ga'ent t% t/e ,el* seam b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar
imper+e'ti%ns nee* n%t be per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill i+ testin( %+ t/e plateI'%il e*(es ,as per+%rme* at t/e plateI
'%il mill a''%r*in( t% Subse'ti%n 3-
)4)5 I+ per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill. t/e manual NDT s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-F. App-A-
)4)& A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 a''%r*in( t% Table D-1" %r. i+ a(ree*. 3"0#-
$anual ultrasonic thic.ness testing of the pipe body
)4)2 6anual ultras%ni' t/i'&ness testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements
ISO 10FH#-1"-
)4): T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 t/e spe'i+ie* ma:imum an* minimum ,all t/i'&ness s/all be met-
Seamless pipe7 manual ultrasonic testing for longitudinal and transverse imperfections
)44* 6anual ultras%ni' testin( an* testin( %+ seamless pipe +%r l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns
s/all per+%rme* %n unteste* pipe en*s an* t% '%n+irm t/e presen'e %r absen'e %+ a *e+e't ,/en aut%mate* NDT
systems (i)es si(nals e2ual t% %r (reater t/an t/e t/res/%l* le)el-
)44) F%r pipes in RA materials it s/all be )eri+ie* t/at t/e presen'e %+ any p%ssible '%arse. anis%tr%pi'
J%nes ,ill n%t impe*e t/e testin(. see H;"; t/r%u(/ H;#1-
)444 6anual ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 10FH#-10- T/e pr%be an(les s/all be '/%sen t% %btain t/e best test result +%r t/e ,all
t/i'&nessI*iameter rati% %+ t/e pipe t% be teste*-
T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 a''eptan'e le)el 8"I a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-10-
)448 6anual ultras%ni' inspe'ti%n %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in ISO 10FH#-10- T/e pr%be an(les s/all be '/%sen t% %btain t/e best test
result +%r t/e ,all t/i'&nessI*iameter rati% %+ t/e pipe t% be teste*-
T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 a''eptan'e le)el 8"I a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-10-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age ''5
6elded pipe7 manual ultrasonic testing of welds
)444 6anual ultras%ni' testin( an* testin( %+ ,el*s in ,el*e* pipe +%r l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse
imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* %n unteste* pipe en*s an* t% '%n+irm t/e presen'e %r absen'e %+ a *e+e't ,/en
aut%mate* NDT systems (i)es si(nals e2ual t% %r (reater t/an t/e t/res/%l* le)el-
)44# 6anual ultras%ni' testin( %+ ,el*s in -6n steel material ,it/ -6n steel ,el* *ep%sits s/all be
per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !#00 e:'ept t/at !#1;. !#1<. !#"1. !#"" an* !##F s/all n%t apply-
$anual ultrasonic testing of welds in 1&6 pipe
)445 T/e re+eren'e bl%'& s/all be a''%r*in( t% HH10-
)44& One %r m%re %+ t/e +%ll%,in( pr%be '%n+i(urati%ns s/all be use*0
1 Sin(le pulse e'/% pr%bes ,it/ t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e as perpen*i'ular t% t/e ra*ial 'entreline %+ t/e ,el*
as p%ssible-
1 Tan*em pr%bes ,it/ t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e as perpen*i'ular t% t/e ra*ial 'entreline %+ t/e ,el* as p%ssible-
)442 T/e pr%be an(le +%r t/e initial s'annin( s/all be '/%sen t% %btain t/e best p%ssible test result +%r ,all
t/i'&ness an* *iameter %+ t/e pipe t% be teste* an* su'/ t/at t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e is as perpen*i'ular as
p%ssible t% t/e ,el* be)el-
)44: T/e DA s/all be '%nstru'te* usin( t/e n%t'/es in t/e re+eren'e bl%'&- A "-p%int DA s/all %nly be
use* i+ s'annin( is limite* t% %ne +ull s&ip %r less- I+ s'annin( is per+%rme* usin( m%re t/an %ne +ull s&ip. a #-
p%int DA s/all be establis/e* as a minimum-
)48* T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 n% ma:imise* e'/% +r%m any pr%be s/all e:'ee* t/e DA-
$anual ultrasonic testing of welds in %R) materials and in 'lad pipe
)48) 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ ,el*s in RA materials ,it/ RA C*uple:. %t/er stainless steels an* ni'&el all%y
steel4 ,el* *ep%sits ,ill in %r*er t% a'/ie)e an a*e2uate *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns n%rmally re2uire t/at
spe'ial re+eren'e bl%'&s an* pr%bes are use* +%r testin( %+ t/ese materials- 8nless it 'an be *em%nstrate* as
re2uire* in !;1F an* H;"H t/at use %+ l%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes (i)es a''eptable *ete'ti%n.
manual ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e RA ,el* *ep%sit in t/e r%%t s/all be per+%rme* as re2uire* in !;00
)484 An(le beam pr%bes s/all be a)ailable in an(les. %r be pr%)i*e* ,it/ ,e*(es %r s/%es. ran(in( +r%m #0]
t% <=]. measure* t% t/e perpen*i'ular %+ t/e sur+a'e %+ t/e pipe bein( teste*- Pr%be an(les s/all be sele'te* as
re2uire* in !#00- T/e pr%be an(les s/all be '/%sen t% %btain t/e best p%ssible test result +%r ,all t/i'&ness an*
*iameter %+ t/e pipe t% be teste* an* su'/ t/at t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e is as perpen*i'ular as p%ssible t% t/e ,el*
be)el in t/e area '%)ere* by t/e pr%be- I+ s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes are use* +%r testin( %+ t/e r%%t t/e +re2uen'y
s/all be " 6HJ %r l%,er-
)488 T/e re+eren'e stan*ar* +%r testin( ,it/ s/ear an(le pr%bes s/all be a''%r*in( t% H1"0F an* H1"0H-
Testin( sensiti)ities s/all be establis/e* as +%ll%,s0
1 F%r testin( %+ l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns in t/e ,el* )%lume %utsi*e t/e r%%t area. t/e DA s/all be
'%nstru'te* usin( t/e l%n(itu*inal e:ternal an* internal n%t'/es- A "-p%int DA s/all %nly be use* i+
s'annin( is limite* t% %ne +ull s&ip %r less- I+ s'annin( is per+%rme* usin( m%re t/an %ne +ull s&ip. a #-p%int
DA s/all be establis/e* as a minimum-
1 F%r testin( %+ t/e r%%t area l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns sensiti)ity settin( s/all be a(ainst t/e n%t'/ in t/e
r%%t area %n t/e %pp%site si*e %+ t/e ,el* an* t/e resp%nse set t% =0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t-
1 F%r testin( %+ trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns. t/e DA s/all be '%nstru'te* usin( t/e 1-> mm *iameter t/r%u(/
*rille* /%les at t/e ,el* 'entreline ,it/ " p%ints Ce-(- e an* +ull s&ip4-
)484 S'annin( +%r trans)erse in*i'ati%ns s/all be per+%rme* S%n bea*T- Pr%bes ,it/ beam an(les %+ ;=] an*
>0] s/all be a)ailable-
)48# T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 N% ma:imise* in*i'ati%ns e:'ee*in( DA +%r l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse in*i'ati%ns-
1 N% ma:imise* in*i'ati%ns in t/e r%%t area e:'ee*in( =0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t-
@/en '%mpressi%n ,a)e an(le pr%bes are use*. %t/er types %+ re+le't%rs are use* an* t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria
s/all be spe'i+ie* an* a(ree* a''%r*in(ly-
$anual ultrasonic testing of welds in S)6# and S)61 pipe
)485 T/e re+eren'e stan*ar* s/all be a''%r*in( t% H1#0H an* H1#10-
)48& An(le beam pr%bes s/all be a)ailable in an(les. %r be pr%)i*e* ,it/ ,e*(es %r s/%es. ran(in( +r%m #0]
t% <=]. measure* t% t/e perpen*i'ular %+ t/e sur+a'e %+ t/e pipe bein( teste*- Pr%be an(les s/all be sele'te* as
re2uire* in !#00-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age ''6
)482 Testin( sensiti)ities s/all be establis/e* as +%ll%,s0
1 F%r testin( %+ l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns in t/e ,el* )%lume. t/e DA s/all be '%nstru'te* usin( t/e
l%n(itu*inal e:ternal an* internal n%t'/es- A "-p%int DA s/all %nly be use* i+ s'annin( is limite* t% %ne
+ull s&ip %r less- I+ s'annin( is per+%rme* usin( m%re t/an %ne +ull s&ip. a #-p%int DA s/all be establis/e*
as a minimum
1 F%r testin( %+ trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns. t/e DA s/all be '%nstru'te* usin( t/e 1-> mm *iameter t/r%u(/
*rille* /%les at t/e ,el* 'entreline ,it/ " p%ints Ce-(- e an* +ull s&ip4-
)48: S'annin( +%r trans)erse in*i'ati%ns s/all be per+%rme* S%n bea*T- Pr%bes ,it/ beam an(les %+ ;=] an*
>0] s/all be a)ailable- 8se %+ ; 6HJ pr%bes s/all be pre+erre*-
)44* A''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 n% ma:imise* in*i'ati%ns e:'ee*in( DA
$anual ultrasonic testing of welds in %R) materials and %R) weld deposits/materials.
)44) Re+er t% H;"; t/r%u(/ H;#1- 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ RA materials an* ,el*s ,it/ RA C*uple:. %t/er
stainless steels an* ni'&el all%y steel4 ,el* *ep%sits ,ill in %r*er t% a'/ie)e an a*e2uate *ete'ti%n %+
imper+e'ti%ns re2uire t/at spe'ial 'alibrati%n bl%'&s an* pr%bes are use* +%r testin( %+ ,el*s in t/ese materials-
An(le pr%bes (eneratin( '%mpressi%n ,a)es s/%ul* be use* in a**iti%n t% strai(/t beam pr%bes. an(le s/ear
,a)e pr%bes an* 'reep ,a)e pr%bes-
)444 8nless it 'an be *em%nstrate* as re2uire* in !;1F an* H;"H t/at use %+ l%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le
pr%bes %nly (i)es a''eptable *ete'ti%n. manual ultras%ni' testin( %+ RA materials an* ,el*s ,it/ RA ,el*
*ep%sits s/all be per+%rme* as re2uire* in !;00-
)448 A''eptan'e 'riteria manual ultras%ni' testin( %+ RA materials an* ,el*s ,it/ RA ,el* *ep%sits
per+%rme* ,it/ an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes are0
1 a''%r*in( t% Table D->-
$anual magnetic particle testing
)444 6anual ma(neti' parti'le sur+a'e testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !=00 an* ISO 10FH#-=-
)44# 6anual ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ pipe en*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !=00 an*
ISO 10FH#-=-
)445 6anual ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ ,el*s s/all be per+%rme* as re2uire* by !=00-
)44& A''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e rele)ant re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n-
$anual li*uid penetrant testing
)442 6anual li2ui* penetrant sur+a'e testin( an* testin( %+ pipe en*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/
ISO 10FH#-;-
)44: 6anual li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ ,el*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !>00. para(rap/s >0"
t/r%u(/ >0=-
)4#* A''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e rele)ant re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n-
$anual eddy current testing
)4#) 6anual e**y 'urrent sur+a'e testin( an* testin( %+ pipe en*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO
10FH#-"-
)4#4 6anual e**y 'urrent testin( %+ ,el*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !<00. para(rap/s <0"
t/r%u(/ <0F an* ISO 10FH#-" Ce**y 'urrent testin(4
)4#8 A''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e rele)ant re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n-
H )#** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ 1el" re(air in (i(e
)#*) @el* repair %+ t/e b%*y %+ any pipe an* %+ t/e ,el* in HF@ pipe is n%t permitte*-
)#*4 A repaire* ,el* s/all be '%mpletely re-teste* usin( appli'able NDT met/%*s in a''%r*an'e ,it/ HF00
t/r%u(/ 1#00-
Alternati)ely. manual NDT may be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ H1;00 an* ,it/ a''eptan'e 'riteria in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H1;00- In t/is 'ase. manual ultras%ni' testin( s/all be (%)ernin( +%r
embe**e* *e+e'ts-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '1%
A99END;M E
AUTOMATED UTRASON;C G;RTH WED TEST;NG
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is Appen*i: *etails t/e e:aminati%n re2uirements +%r t/e aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s-
A 4** A((lica6ili%7
4*) T/e Appen*i: applies ,/en aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( CA8T4 is per+%rme* %n pipeline (irt/ ,el*s-
A 8** Re+erences
a4 Ameri'an S%'iety +%r Testin( 6aterials - E #1<-H;0 Stan*ar* Pra'ti'e +%r E)aluatin( Per+%rman'e
/ara'teristi's %+ Pulse E'/% Testin( Systems @it/%ut t/e 8se %+ Ele'tr%ni' 6easurement Instruments
b4 EN1">>F-1 N%n *estru'ti)e testin( - /ara'terisati%n an* )eri+i'ati%n %+ ultras%ni' e:aminati%n
e2uipment- Part 10 Instruments
'4 EN1">>F-" N%n *estru'ti)e testin( - /ara'terisati%n an* )eri+i'ati%n %+ ultras%ni' e:aminati%n
e2uipment- Part "0 Trans*u'ers
*4 EN1">>F-# N%n *estru'ti)e testin( - /ara'terisati%n an* )eri+i'ati%n %+ ultras%ni' e:aminati%n
e2uipment- Part0 #0 %mbine* e2uipment
e4 EN=F#-> N%n *estru'ti)e testin( - 8ltras%ni' e:aminati%n Part > - Time-%+-+li(/t *i++ra'ti%n as a met/%*
+%r *e+e't *ete'ti%n an* siJin(
+4 DNV-RP-F11F Pipe 3irt/ @el* A8T System 5uali+i'ati%n an* Pr%Ge't Spe'i+i' Pr%'e*ure Vali*ati%n
3. 3asic Re<'ire$en%s
3 )** General
)*) T/e primary re2uirement t% any A8T system is t/at its per+%rman'e is *%'umente* in terms %+ a*e2uate
*ete'ti%n an* siJin(. %r reGe'ti%n abilities. in relati%n t% spe'i+ie* I *etermine* a''eptable *e+e'ts- T/e
per+%rman'e %+ t/e A8T system /as t/r%u(/ t/e 2uali+i'ati%n t% be *em%nstrate* t% meet %r e:'ee* t/e
re2uirements in terms %+ *ete'ti%n %r reGe'ti%n set by t/e appli'able a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r any pr%Ge't-
)*4 T/e ultras%ni' system t% be use* s/all be a''epte* t/r%u(/ 2uali+i'ati%n. see Subse'ti%n H-
)*8 T/e ultras%ni' system may use pulse e'/%. tan*em. time-%+-+li(/t *i++ra'ti%n CTOFD4 an*I%r t/r%u(/
transmissi%n te'/ni2ues empl%yin( eit/er +i:e* %r p/ase* arrays- It s/all /a)e a +ully aut%mati' re'%r*in(
system t% in*i'ate t/e l%'ati%n %+ *e+e'ts an* t/e inte(rity %+ a'%usti' '%uplin(- A J%nal appr%a'/ s/all be
'%mbine* ,it/ r%%t an* ,el* )%lume mappin( '/annels. an* pre+erably TOFD- T/e J%nal '%n'ept may be
*e)iate* +r%m- T/is re2uires an a*e2uate te'/ni'al *es'ripti%n %+ t/e alternati)e appr%a'/. an* a system
2uali+i'ati%n a''%r*in( t% Subse'ti%n H-
)*4 T/e in+%rmati%n pr%)i*e* by all A8T '/annel types s/all be a'ti)ely use* in %r*er t% ensure a*e2uate
*e+e't *ete'ti%n an* siJin(-
)*# T/e ultras%ni' system may in'lu*e s'anner /ea*s an* system set-up spe'i+i'ally '%n+i(ure* +%r testin(
%+ repairs ,/ere t/e primary +un'ti%n is t% '%n+irm t/e '%mplete rem%)al %+ reGe'te* +la,- As a minimum t/e
A8T system ,it/ its n%rmal set-up. but ,it/ (ates ,i*e en%u(/ t% en'%mpass t/e repair area an* '%n+irm t/at
t/e A8T *e+e'ts /a)e been rem%)e*- Durin( t/is spe'ial attenti%n s/all als% be ma*e t% TOFD '/annel
in*i'ati%ns. an* in*i'ati%ns %utsi*e t/e n%rmal (ate settin(s-
Due t% t/e ,i*e )ariati%n in repair ,el* (r%%)e s/apes t/at may limit t/e *ete'ti%n 'apabilities %+ t/e system.
manual 8T. %r a *e*i'ate* semi-aut%mati' 8T system. s/all supp%rt t/e A8T %n ,el* repairs unless t/e (r%%)e
s/ape is '%ntr%lle* t% be ,it/in (i)en t%leran'es an* t/e s'anner /ea* is '%n+i(ure* a''%r*in(ly- F%r
supplementary 8T. t/e pr%)isi%ns %+ Appen*i: D apply-
)*5 T/e ultras%ni' system s/all in'%rp%rate +a'ilities +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse *e+e'ts. ,/en it is 'learly
i*enti+ie* t/at t/e ,el* pr%'ess. parent material. appli'ati%n an* en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%n may in'rease t/e ris&
+%r trans)ersal type +la,s-
)*& F%r A8T. all%,able ,all t/i'&ness )ariati%ns +r%m n%minal t/i'&ness is [1-= mm appli'able +%r pipes
e:p%se* +%r a t%tal n%minal strain %+ less t/an 0-;L. an* [1-0 mm appli'able +%r t%tal n%minal strains e2ual t%
an* ab%)e 0-;L- F%r )ariati%ns +r%m n%minal ,all t/i'&ness %utsi*e t/is. a**iti%nal )ali*ati%ns %r 2uali+i'ati%n
tests are re2uire*- T/ese tests s/all re+le't t/e t%tal e:pe'te* ,all t/i'&ness )ariati%n. an* pr%)i*e e)i*en'e %+
100L '%)era(e %+ t/e +usi%n +a'e an* t/e r%%t area-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '1$
)*2 %unter b%res may be use* t% '%mpensate +%r lar(e t/i'&ness )ariati%ns i+ t/e '%unter b%re is ma'/ine*
t% pr%)i*e parallel e:ternal an* internal sur+a'es be+%re t/e start %+ t/e taper- T/e len(t/ %+ t/e parallel sur+a'es
s/all at least be su++i'ient t% all%, s'annin( +r%m t/e e:ternal sur+a'e an* su++i'ient +%r t/e re2uire* re+le'ti%n
%++ t/e parallel internal sur+a'e-
)*: @el* *ep%sits in *uple:. austeniti' stainless steels an* ni'&el all%ys /a)e a '%arse (rain stru'ture ,it/
)ariati%ns in (rain siJe an* stru'ture resultin( in unpre*i'table +lu'tuati%ns in attenuati%n- Duple: an*
austeniti' stainless steel base materials ,ill /a)e t/e same '/ara'teristi's- 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ ,el*s ,it/ RA
C*uple:. %t/er stainless steels an* ni'&el all%y steel4 ,el* *ep%sits ,ill in %r*er t% a'/ie)e an a*e2uate
*ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns re2uire t/at spe'ial 'alibrati%n bl%'&s an* trans*u'ers are use* +%r testin( %+ ,el*s
in t/ese materials-
))* An %peratin( 5uality Assuran'e system s/all be use* '%)erin( t/e *e)el%pment %+ ultras%ni'
e:aminati%n systems. testin(. )eri+i'ati%n an* *%'umentati%n %+ t/e system an* its '%mp%nents an* s%+t,are
a(ainst (i)en re2uirements. 2uali+i'ati%n %+ pers%nnel an* %perati%n %+ ultras%ni' e:aminati%n systems- T/e
5uality Assuran'e system empl%ye* s/all be *%'umente* in su++i'ient *etail t% ensure t/at A8T systems use*
+%r +iel* inspe'ti%n ,ill be *esi(ne*. assemble* an* %perate* ,it/in t/e essential )ariables establis/e* *urin(
t/e 2uali+i'ati%n an* in all si(ni+i'ant aspe'ts ,ill be e2ual t% t/e 2uali+ie* A8T system- ISO H000 an* AST6
E 1"1" s/all apply as basi' re2uirements t% t/e 5uality Assuran'e system-
T/e +%ll%,in( s/all be *%'umente*0
1 *%'ument '%ntr%l
1 system *e)el%pment in'lu*in( establis/in( per+%rman'e
1 re2uirements t% t/e system. its '%mp%nents an* 'alibrati%n bl%'&s
1 sele'ti%nI2uali+i'ati%nI+%ll%,-upIau*itin( %+ suppliersIsub'%ntra't%rs
1 pr%'urement %+ system '%mp%nents an* 'alibrati%n bl%'&s
1 )eri+i'ati%n %+ *eli)ere* system '%mp%nents an* 'alibrati%n bl%'&s a(ainst (i)en re2uirements
1 mar&in(Ii*enti+i'ati%n %+ system '%mp%nents an* 'alibrati%n bl%'&s '%mplyin( ,it/ (i)en re2uirements
1 '%ntr%l an* )eri+i'ati%n %+ s%+t,are *e)el%pmentI'/an(es
1 *esi(n %+ A8T systemCs4 set-up +%r spe'i+i' +iel* %perati%n '%n*iti%nsIre2uirements
1 assembly %+ A8T systems +%r +iel* %perati%n +r%m )eri+ie* '%mp%nents in st%'&. in'lu*in( i*enti+i'ati%n
%+ t/e system an* i*enti+i'ati%nI*%'umentati%n %+ its '%mp%nents. 'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4 an* spare parts
1 )eri+i'ati%nItestin( %+ A8T systems +%r +iel* %perati%n
1 %perati%nal '/e'&s an* +iel* maintenan'e %+ A8T systems
1 *%'umentati%nI)eri+i'ati%n %+ in +iel* m%*i+i'ati%ns %+ A8T systems
1 return %+ +iel* systems. *ismantlin(. '/e'&IrepairIup(ra*in( %+ system '%mp%nents
1 )eri+i'ati%n %+ repaire*Iup(ra*e* system '%mp%nents a(ainst (i)en re2uirements
1 A8T %perat%r trainin( an* 2uali+i'ati%n-
Pr%Ge't spe'i+i' set-up +iles. t% be in'lu*e* in pr%Ge't spe'i+i' pr%'e*ures0
1 P/ase* array +%'al la,s Ci+ appli'able4
1 Pr%be stan* %++
1 S%un* an(les
1 Tar(et *ept/
1 Re2uire* %)er tra'e
1 Applie* t/res/%l*s-
))) I+ an embe**e* *e+e't is l%'ate* 'l%se t% a sur+a'e. su'/ t/at t/e li(ament /ei(/t is less t/an /al+ t/e
*e+e't /ei(/t. t/e li(ament /ei(/t bet,een t/e *e+e't an* t/e sur+a'e s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e *e+e't /ei(/t-
3 4** D!c'$en%a%i!n
4*) T/e '%n+i(urati%n %+ t/e ultras%ni' system s/all +%r e)aluati%n purp%ses be *es'ribe* an* *%'umente*
,it/ re(ar* t%0
1 brie+ +un'ti%nal *es'ripti%n %+ t/e system
1 re+eren'e t% t/e '%*e. stan*ar* %r (ui*eline use* +%r *esi(n an* %perati%n %+ t/e system
1 *es'ripti%n %+ t/e 5uality Assuran'e system
1 e2uipment *es'ripti%n
1 limitati%ns %+ t/e system ,it/ re(ar* t% material %r ,el* +eatures in'lu*in( s%un* )el%'ity )ariati%ns.
(e%metry. ,all t/i'&ness. siJe. sur+a'e +inis/. material '%mp%siti%n. et'-
1 number an* type %+ trans*u'ers. %r p/ase* array set up ,it/ *es'ripti%n %+ '/ara'teristi's an* set-up
1 number %+ an* /ei(/t %+ e:aminati%n J%nes. ,/ere rele)ant
1 (ate settin(s
1 +un'ti%n %+ s'annin( *e)i'e
1 ultras%ni' instrument. number %+ '/annels an* *ata a'2uisiti%n system
1 re'%r*in( an* pr%'essin( %+ *ata
1 'alibrati%n bl%'&s
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '1&
1 '%uplin( m%nit%rin( met/%*
1 temperature ran(e +%r testin( an* limitati%ns
1 '%)era(e a'/ie)e*
1 ma:imum s'annin( spee*. PRF an* *ire'ti%n
1 rep%rtin( %+ in*i'ati%ns an* *%'umentati%n %+ 'alibrati%n an* sensiti)ity settin(s-
3 8** Sc!(e !+ <'ali+ica%i!n
8*) Aut%mate* ultras%ni' systems use* +%r linepipe (irt/ ,el* inspe'ti%n s/all be 2uali+ie* an* t/e
per+%rman'e %+ t/e system s/all be *%'umente*-
T/e 2uali+i'ati%n s/all be a''%r*in( t% DNV-RP-F11F. +urt/er (ui*an'e is (i)en in Subse'ti%n H-
F%r appli'ati%ns %t/er t/an +erriti' steel (irt/ ,el* e:aminati%ns. spe'i+i' re2uirements 'an apply an* s/%ul*
be a(ree* up%n-
On'e an A8T system is 2uali+ie*. %nly a limite* A8T Vali*ati%n ,ill be re2uire* +%r +uture pr%Ge'ts i+ t/e
system is ,it/in t/e 2uali+ie* ran(e %+ )ali*ity. as spe'i+ie* in se'ti%n I- T/e s'%pe %+ A8T )ali*ati%n s/all be
a''%r*in( t% DNV-RP-F11F. se'ti%n H- A re*u'e* s'%pe %+ )ali*ati%n may be a(ree* +%r ,el*s e:p%se* t%
n%minal strains M 0-;L. but s/all '%mprise at least 1" *e+e'ts. in'lu*in( " %bser)ati%ns +%r ea'/ (r%up Cr%%t.
+ill. 'ap an* )%lumetri'4 an*I%r 'riti'al +la, type-
3 4** Ul%ras!nic s7s%e$ e<'i($en% an" c!$(!nen%s
3eneral re2uirements
4*) T/e system s/all be 'apable %+ e:aminin( a '%mplete ,el* in'lu*in( t/e /eat a++e'te* J%ne in %ne
'ir'um+erential s'an- T/is re2uirement may. as a(ree*. be *e)iate* +r%m +%r )ery t/i'& I small *iameter pipe.
i+ it is n%t p%ssible t% '%)er t/e ,/%le *ept/ ran(e in %ne s'an-
4*4 T/ere s/all be re'%r*able si(nal %utputs +%r at least ea'/ 1 mm %+ ,el* len(t/ +%r ea'/ inspe'ti%n '/annel-
4*8 T/e ultras%ni' instrument s/all pr%)i*e a linear A-s'an presentati%n- T/e instrument linearity s/all be
*etermine* a''%r*in( t% t/e pr%'e*ures *etaile* in AST6-#1<-01 %r EN1">>F- Instrument linearity s/all n%t
*e)iate by m%re t/an =L +r%m i*eal-
T/e assessment %+ ultras%ni' instrument linearity s/all /a)e been per+%rme* ,it/in > m%nt/s %+ t/e inten*e*
en* use *ate- F%r pr%*u'ti%n A8T ,it/ an e:pe'te* *urati%n e:'ee*in( > m%nt/s. but less t/an %ne year. t/e
assessment %+ instrument linearity may be per+%rme* imme*iately be+%re t/e start %+ ,%r&-
A 'alibrati%n 'erti+i'ate s/all be ma*e a)ailable up%n re2uest-
Spe'i+i' re2uirements +%r ultras%ni' instruments usin( multiple '/annels. pulse e'/%. tan*em an*I%r t/r%u(/
transmissi%n te'/ni2ues-
4*4 T/e instrument s/all pr%)i*e an a*e2uate number %+ inspe'ti%n '/annels t% ensure t/e e:aminati%n %+
t/e '%mplete ,el* t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness in %ne 'ir'um+erential s'an. i+ p%ssible Csee !;014- Ea'/ inspe'ti%n
'/annel s/all pr%)i*e0
1 pulse e'/% %r t/r%u(/ transmissi%n m%*es
1 %ne %r m%re (ates. ea'/ a*Gustable +%r start p%siti%n an* len(t/
1 (ain a*Gustment
1 re'%r*in( t/res/%l* bet,een = an* 100L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t
1 re'%r*in( %+ eit/er t/e +irst %r t/e lar(est si(nal in t/e (ate* re(i%n
1 si(nal *elay t% enable '%rrelati%n t% *istan'e mar&er p%siti%ns Creal time anal%(ue re'%r*in( %nly4
1 re'%r*able si(nal %utputs representin( si(nal amplitu*e an* s%un* tra)el *istan'e
1 spe'i+i' re2uirements t% ultras%ni' instruments usin( t/e T%FD te'/ni2ue
4*# T/e instrument s/all pr%)i*e a T%FD !-s'an ima(e- T%FD +un'ti%n s%+t,are s/all in'%rp%rate a*e2uate
+a'ilities +%r %nline in*i'ati%n assessment usin( ran(e 'alibrate* 'urs%rs- A-s'an re+eren'e an* numeri'al
translati%n %+ time %+ +li(/t p%siti%ns s/all be in'%rp%rate*-
Dept/ ran(e e++i'ien'y s/all be i*enti+ie* +%r ea'/ T%FD set up- It may be re2uire* t% empl%y t,% %r m%re
T%FD '/annels in %r*er t% in'rease reliability %)er t/e t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness ran(e bein( inspe'te*- F%r t/i'&nesses
ab%)e =0 mm at least t,% TOFD '/annels are re'%mmen*e*-
4*5 T/e instrument s/all +ul+il t/e re2uirements t% ultras%ni' instruments *es'ribe* in EN1">>F-1 an*
EN=F#->. /apter > SE2uipment re2uirementsT
Spe'i+i' re2uirements t% ultras%ni' instruments usin( p/ase* arrays-
4*& T/e p/ase* array system s/all in'%rp%rate means +%r peri%*i'al )eri+i'ati%n %+ t/e +un'ti%n %+ re2uire*
a'ti)e elements ne'essary t% maintain a spe'i+i' +%'al la,-
4*2 A system pre)entin( any un2uali+ie* alterati%ns t% a(ree* +%'al la,s s/all be implemente* +%r t/e p/ase*
array A8T system-
4*: I+ a**iti%nal '%n)enti%nal trans*u'ers t% t/e p/ase* array %nes are use*. +%r e:ample +%r trans)erse
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '1'
inspe'ti%n an* T%FD. t/e in+%rmati%n +%r all trans*u'ers s/all be a)ailable in t/e same set up an* re'%r*in(
system-
The recording system
4)* T/e re'%r*in( %r mar&in( system s/all 'learly in*i'ate t/e l%'ati%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns relati)e t% t/e 1"
%A'l%'& p%siti%n %+ t/e ,el*. ,it/ a 1L a''ura'y %r 10 mm. ,/i'/e)er is (reater- T/e system res%luti%n s/all
be su'/ t/at ea'/ se(ment %+ re'%r*e* *ata +r%m an in*i)i*ual inspe'ti%n '/annel *%es n%t represent m%re t/an
" mm %+ 'ir'um+erential ,el* *istan'e-
)coustic coupling
4)) A'%usti' '%uplin( s/all be a'/ie)e* by '%nta't %r '%uplant '%lumn usin( a li2ui* me*ium suitable +%r
t/e purp%se- An en)ir%nmentally sa+e a(ent may be re2uire* t% pr%m%te ,ettin(. /%,e)er. n% resi*ue s/all
remain %n t/e pipe sur+a'e a+ter t/e li2ui* /as e)ap%rate*-
T/e met/%* use* +%r a'%usti' '%uplin( m%nit%rin( an* t/e l%ss in si(nal stren(t/ *e+inin( a Sl%ss %+ return
si(nalT Cl%ss %+ '%uplin(4 s/all be *es'ribe*-
Transducers
4)4 Pri%r t% t/e start %+ +iel* ,el* e:aminati%n. *etails %+ t/e types an* numbers %+ trans*u'ers %r +%'al la,s
s/all be spe'i+ie*- On'e a(ree*. t/ere s/all n%t be any trans*u'er %r +%'al la, *esi(n '/an(es ma*e ,it/%ut
pri%r a(reement- Trans*u'ers %t/er t/an p/ase* arrays s/all be '/ara'terise* a''%r*in( t% EN1">>F-"-
Trans*u'ers s/all be *%'umente* ,it/ respe't t% manu+a'turer. type. '/ara'teristi's an* uni2ue i*enti+i'ati%n
Cserial number4-
Trans*u'er '/ara'teristi's s/all in'lu*e Cn%t all parameters are appli'able t% p/ase* array trans*u'ers40
1 +re2uen'y
1 beam an(le
1 ,e*(e '/ara'teristi's
1 beam siJe CN%t rele)ant +%r PA pr%bes4
1 pulse s/ape
1 pulse len(t/
1 si(nal t% n%ise
1 +%'us p%int an* len(t/ +%r +%'use* trans*u'ers-
In a**iti%n. t/e +%ll%,in( '/ara'teristi's s/all be in'lu*e* +%r p/ase* array pr%bes0
1 Number %+ elements
1 pit'/-
4)8 Trans*u'ers use* +%r J%nal *is'riminati%n s/all (i)e si(nals +r%m a*Ga'ent J%nes C%)ertra'e4. (i)en t/at
t/ere is n% s/i+t in ,el* be)el an(le bet,een t/e J%nes- F%r a*Ga'ent J%nes %+ '%mparable siJe an* ,it/ e2ual
'alibrati%n sensiti)ity. t/e %)ertra'e s/all be ,it/in =L FSH t% ;0L FSH ,/en t/e pea& si(nal +r%m t/e
'alibrati%n re+le't%r representin( t/e J%ne %+ interest is set t% F0L FSH-
4)4 TOFD trans*u'ers s/all be %ptimise* +%r t/e ,all t/i'&ness t% be teste* an* t/e re+ra'te* an(le s/all be
t/e same +%r transmitter an* re'ei)er- Fre2uen'y. *ampin( an* in'i*ent an(le s/all be '/%sen t% limit t/e *ea*
J%ne +%rme* by t/e lateral ,a)e-
4)# @/en re2uire*. trans*u'ers s/all be '%nt%ure* t% mat'/ t/e 'ur)ature %+ t/e pipe-
3 #** Cali6ra%i!n .re+erence/ 6l!c0s
#*) alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all be use* t% set A8T system sensiti)ity. an* t% )eri+y t/e inspe'ti%n system +%r
+iel* inspe'ti%n an* t% m%nit%r t/e %n(%in( system per+%rman'e- alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all be manu+a'ture*
+r%m a se'ti%n %+ pipeline spe'i+i' linepipe- T/e ,all t/i'&ness %+ t/e pipe use* +%r 'alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all
pre+erably '%rresp%n* t% t/e n%minal ,all t/i'&ness %+ t/e pipes use*. unless a number %+ 'alibrati%n bl%'&s
are nee*e* t% '%)er ,all t/i'&ness )ariati%ns %utsi*e t/e limitati%ns (i)en in !10<-
#*4 @/en a ,el* is re2uire* in t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&. t/e ,el* s/all be 100L e:amine* t% ensure t/at it is
'%mpletely *e+e't +ree- T/e ,el* s/all be ma*e +r%m representati)e pr%*u'ti%n material usin( pr%Ge't spe'i+i'
appr%)e* ,el*in( pr%'e*ure-
#*8 A'%usti' )el%'ity an* attenuati%n measurements s/all be per+%rme* %n material +r%m all s%ur'es %+ pipe
material supply t% be use*- T/ese measurements s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% Subse'ti%n 7100 unless an
e2ui)alent met/%* is a(ree*- I+ *i++eren'es in a'%usti' )el%'ity +%r t/e same n%minal ,all t/i'&ness +r%m any
s%ur'e %+ supply results in a beam an(le )ariati%n %+ m%re t/an 1-=]. spe'i+i' 'alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all be ma*e
+%r material +r%m ea'/ s%ur'e %+ supply s/%,in( su'/ )ariati%ns-
#*4 Details %+ t/e spe'i+i' ,el* be)el (e%metries in'lu*in( rele)ant *imensi%ns an* t%leran'es s/all be
pr%)i*e* in %r*er t% *etermine t/e parti'ulars an* numbers %+ 'alibrati%n bl%'&s re2uire*-
#*# Type an* siJe %+ 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs s/all be *etermine* by t/e re2uire* sensiti)ity t% a'/ie)e t/e
ne'essary Pr%bability %+ Dete'ti%n CP%D4 an* siJin( 'apability as *etermine* by t/e smallest all%,able *e+e't
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '11
*eri)in( +r%m t/e a(ree* a''eptan'e 'riteria- T/e pre+erre* prin'ipal 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs are +lat b%tt%m /%les
CF!Hs4 an* sur+a'e n%t'/es- Ot/er re+le't%r *imensi%ns an* types may be use*. i+ it is *em%nstrate* *urin( t/e
system 2uali+i'ati%n t/at t/e *e+e't *ete'ti%n an* siJin( 'apabilities %+ t/e system is a''eptable- Spe'i+i'
n%t'/es +%r T%FD may be in'%rp%rate*. t% '/e'& TOFD system +un'ti%nality-
#*5 T/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all be *esi(ne* ,it/ su++i'ient sur+a'e area s% t/at t/e '%mplete trans*u'er array
,ill tra)erse t/e tar(et areas in a sin(le pass-
#*& Dra,in(s s/%,in( t/e *esi(n *etails +%r ea'/ type %+ 'alibrati%n bl%'& s/all be prepare*- T/e *ra,in(s
s/all s/%,0
1 t/e spe'i+i' ,el* be)el (e%metry. *imensi%ns an* t%leran'es
1 t/e /ei(/t an* p%siti%n %+ e:aminati%n J%nes
1 t/e 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs re2uire* an* t/eir relati)e p%siti%ns
1 s&et'/ %+ t/e inten*e* ultras%ni' pat/ ass%'iate* ,it/ ea'/ re+le't%r-
#*2 T/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& s/all be i*enti+ie* ,it/ a /ar* stampe* uni2ue serial number pr%)i*in( tra'eability
t% t/e e:aminati%n ,%r& an* t/e material s%ur'e %+ supply +%r ,/i'/ t/e stan*ar* ,as manu+a'ture*- Re'%r*s
%+ t/e '%rrelati%n bet,een serial number an* ,all t/i'&ness. be)el *esi(n. *iameter. an* ultras%un* )el%'ity
s/all be &ept an* be a)ailable-
T/e ma'/inin( t%leran'es +%r 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs are0
#*: T/e lateral p%siti%n %+ all 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs s/all be su'/ t/at t/ere ,ill be n% inter+eren'e +r%m
a*Ga'ent re+le't%rs. %r +r%m t/e e*(es %+ t/e bl%'&s-
#)* H%les s/all be pr%te'te* +r%m *e(ra*ati%n by '%)erin( t/e /%le ,it/ a suitable sealant- I+ it 'an be pr%)en
t/at +illin( %+ sur+a'e n%t'/es an* %t/er near sur+a'e re+le't%rs may in+luen'e t/e re+le'tin( ability %+ t/e
re+eren'e re+le't%r. a)%i*an'e %+ +illin( 'an be subGe't t% a(reement-
#)) Dimensi%nal )eri+i'ati%n %+ all 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs an* t/eir p%siti%n s/all be per+%rme* an* re'%r*e*
a''%r*in( t% a *%'umente* pr%'e*ure- Ea'/ re+le't%r s/all be )eri+ie* by ultras%ni' testin( t% ensure t/at t/e
re+eren'e re+le't%r pairs yiel* re+le'ti)e si(nals ,it/in ["*!-
#)4 @/ene)er p%ssible. an A8T system similar t% t/at use* *urin( +iel* inspe'ti%n s/all be su''ess+ully
'alibrate* a(ainst t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& a+ter *imensi%nal )eri+i'ati%n %+ t/e bl%'&- T/e set-up *ata s/all be
re'%r*e* an* t/e same *ata use* t% )eri+y t/at any a**iti%nalIspare 'alibrati%n bl%'&s ,ill n%t (i)e si(ni+i'antly
*i++erent 'alibrati%n results-
#)8 A 'alibrati%n bl%'& re(ister s/all be establis/e*- T/e re(ister s/all in'lu*e all 'alibrati%n bl%'&s.
in'lu*in( spare bl%'&s. t% be use*. i*enti+ie* ,it/ a uni2ue serial number an* in'lu*e t/e *ra,in(s.
*imensi%nal )eri+i'ati%n re'%r*s. ultras%un* )el%'ity. name %+ t/e plateIpipe manu+a'turer an* t/e /eat
number-
3 5** Rec!r"er se%-'(
5*) /annel %utput si(nals s/all be arran(e* %n t/e re'%r*in( me*ia in an a(ree* %r*er- T/e +un'ti%n %+ ea'/
'/annel s/all be 'learly i*enti+ie*- T/e /ar* '%py re'%r*in( s/all be '%rre'te* t% a''%unt +%r any *i++eren'e
intr%*u'e* *ue t% *i++erent 'ir'um+erential p%siti%ns %+ t/e trans*u'ers-
5*4 Distan'e mar&ers s/all be pr%)i*e* %n t/e re'%r*in( at inter)als n%t e:'ee*in( 100 mm %+
'ir'um+erential ,el* len(t/-
5*8 T/e s'annin( *ire'ti%n C'l%'&,ise %r anti-'l%'&,ise4 s/all be 'learly *es'ribe* an* re+erre* t% an
i*enti+iable *atum. an* s/all be maintaine* t/r%u(/%ut t/e *urati%n %+ t/e +iel* ,el* e:aminati%n-
3 &** Circ'$+eren%ial scanning -el!ci%7
&*) T/e ma:imum all%,able 'ir'um+erential s'annin( )el%'ity s/all be *etermine* s% t/at t/ere are at least
# pulse +irin(s ,it/in ea'/ > *! beam ,i*t/ at t/e appr%priate %peratin( *istan'e %+ all trans*u'ers ,it/in t/e
an array. as *es'ribe* in Appen*i: D. H;1"-
3 2** 9!1er s'((l7
2*) %nstant p%,er supply s/all be ensure* +%r t/e ultras%ni' system- T/ere s/all be pr%)isi%ns +%r
Ca4 H%le *iameters [ 0-" mm
Cb4 Flatness %+ F!H [ 0-1 mm
C'4 All pertinent an(les [ 1]
C*4 N%t'/ *ept/ [ 0-1 mm
Ce4 N%t'/ len(t/ [ 0-= mm
C+4 entral p%siti%n %+ re+eren'e re+le't%rs [ 0-1 mm
C(4 H%le *ept/ [ 0-" mm
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '12
alternati)e p%,er supply in 'ase %+ +ailure in t/e main p%,er supply- T/ere s/all be n% l%ss %+ inspe'ti%n *ata
as a result %+ a p%ssible p%,er +ailure-
3 :** S!+%1are
:*) All re'%r*in(. *ata /an*lin( an* presentin( s%+t,are. in'lu*in( '/an(es t/eret%. s/all be '%)ere* by t/e
5uality Assuran'e system an* all s%+t,are )ersi%ns s/all be i*enti+iable by a uni2ue )ersi%n number-
:*4 T/e s%+t,are )ersi%n number. an* +%r p/ase* array e2uipment als% ea'/ i*enti+ie* set-up Ce:e'utable
+%'al la, pr%(ramme4 in use. s/all be 'learly %bser)able %n all *isplay an* print%ut presentati%ns %+ 'alibrati%n
an* e:aminati%n results-
:*8 F%r p/ase* array e2uipment. ea'/ i*enti+ie* set-up Ce:e'utable +%'al la, pr%(ramme4 s/all be a)ailable
+%r re)ie,-
:*4 S%+t,are up*ates s/all n%t be per+%rme* %n systems *urin( +iel* e:aminati%n use-
3 )*** Re+erence line= 6an" (!si%i!n an" c!a%ing c'%-6ac0
Reference line
)**) Pri%r t% ,el*in( a re+eren'e line s/all be s'ribe* %n t/e pipe sur+a'e at a +i:e* *istan'e +r%m t/e
'entreline %+ t/e ,el* preparati%n %n t/e inspe'ti%n ban* si*e- T/is re+eren'e line s/all be use* t% ensure t/at
t/e ban* is a*Guste* t% t/e same *istan'e +r%m t/e ,el* 'entreline as t% t/at %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&-
Guiding band positioning
)**4 T/e t%leran'e +%r ban* p%siti%nin( is 1 mm relati)e t% t/e ,el* 'entreline-
T/e ban* 'an be p%siti%ne* eit/er ,/%lly %n t/e bare pipe %r %n t/e '%rr%si%n '%atin(-
P%siti%nin( %+ t/e ban* %n t/e '%rr%si%n '%atin( ,ill re2uire t/at t/e '%atin( t/i'&ness is n%t e:'essi)e an* t/at
t/e '%atin( is su++i'iently +lat an* ,ill remain /ar* en%u(/ at t/e temperatures in t/e pipe resultin( +r%m pre/eat
an* ,el*in( t% a)%i* t/at t/e ban* supp%rts slips %r penetrates t/e '%atin(-
P%siti%nin( %+ t/e ban* partly %n bare pipe an* partly %n t/e '%rr%si%n '%atin( may result in instability
pr%blems +%r t/e s'anner an* s/%ul* be a)%i*e*-
%oating cut bac.
)**8 T/e 'ut-ba'& %+ t/e '%rr%si%n '%atin( t% bare pipe s/all be ,i*e en%u(/ t% a''%mm%*ate t/e +%%tprint
%+ all trans*u'ers at t/e re2uire* stan*-%++ *istan'e W minimum "0 mm- T/e 'ut-ba'& %+ any ,ei(/t '%atin(
s/all all%, pla'in( t/e ban* ,/%lly %n t/e bare pipe %r %n t/e '%rr%si%n '%atin(. as appli'able. an* su++i'ient
t% a)%i* inter+eren'e bet,een ,ei(/t '%atin( an* s'anner-
T/e '%atin( 'ut ba'& re2uire* all%,in( +%r s'anner m%untin( an* m%)ement s/all be 'learly i*enti+ie* in t/e
%peratin( manuals-
3 ))** Re+erence line %!!ls
))*) T/e t%%l use* t% ali(n t/e s'annin( ban* t% t/e re+eren'e line s/all be a*Guste* t% a''%unt +%r ,el*
s/rin&a(e- S/rin&a(e is *etermine* by mar&in( t/e re+eren'e line %n b%t/ pipe en*s *urin( @P5 %r +%r t/e +irst
"= ,el*s. an* t/en measurin( t/e *istan'e bet,een t/em a+ter ,el*in(-
T/e t%%ls use* +%r mar&in( t/e re+eren'e line +%r ban* p%siti%nin(. s/all (i)e a''ura'y in t/e p%siti%n %+ t/e
s'ribe line %+ [ 0-= mm relati)e t% t/e be)el r%%t +a'e- T/e a''ura'y %+ ea'/ s'ribe line t%%l s/all be *%'umente*
an* ea'/ t%%l s/all be uni2uely i*enti+ie*-
3 )4** O(era%!rs
)4*) Details %+ ea'/ A8T %perat%r s/all be pr%)i*e* pri%r t% start %+ +iel* ,el* e:aminati%n-
)4*4 Operat%rs per+%rmin( interpretati%n s/all be 'erti+ie* t% Be)el " by a erti+i'ati%n b%*y %r Aut/%rise*
2uali+yin( b%*y in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO H<1" %r t/e ASNT entral erti+i'ati%n Pr%(ram CAP4- In a**iti%n
t/ey s/all *%'ument a*e2uate trainin( an* +iel* e:perien'e ,it/ t/e e2uipment in 2uesti%n. by passin( a
spe'i+i' an* pra'ti'al e:aminati%n- I+ re2ueste*. t/ey s/all be able t% *em%nstrate t/eir 'apabilities ,it/ re(ar*
t% 'alibratin( t/e e2uipment. per+%rmin( an %perati%nal test un*er +iel* '%n*iti%ns an* e)aluatin( siJe. nature
an* l%'ati%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns-
)4*8 Operat%rs ,/% are n%t a''epte* s/all n%t be use*. an* %perat%rs s/all n%t be substitute* ,it/%ut pri%r
appr%)al- In 'ase a**iti%nal %perat%rs are re2uire*. *etails %+ t/ese s/all be a''epte* be+%re t/ey start t% ,%r&-
)4*4 One in*i)i*ual s/all be *esi(nate* t% be resp%nsible +%r t/e '%n*u't %+ t/e ultras%ni' pers%nnel. t/e
per+%rman'e %+ e2uipment. spare part a)ailability an* inspe'ti%n ,%r&. in'lu*in( rep%rts an* re'%r*s-
)4*# T/e %perat%rs s/all /a)e a''ess t% te'/ni'al supp%rt +r%m %ne in*i)i*ual 2uali+ie* t% Be)el # at any time
*urin( e:e'uti%n %+ t/e e:aminati%n ,%r&-
3 )8** S(ares
)8*) T/ere s/all be a su++i'ient number %+ spare parts a)ailable at t/e pla'e %+ e:aminati%n t% ensure t/at t/e
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '13
,%r& 'an pr%'ee* ,it/%ut interrupti%ns-
3 )4** Sla-e $!ni%!rs
)4*) T/e system s/all in'lu*e t/e p%ssibility t% pr%)i*e sla)e m%nit%rs +%r use by super)isin( pers%nnel. i+
a(ree*-
C. 9r!ce"'re
C )** General
)*) A *etaile* A8T Pr%'e*ure s/all be prepare* +%r ea'/ ,el* G%int (e%metry t% be e:amine* pri%r t% t/e
start %+ any ,el*in(- T/e pr%'e*ure is as a minimum. an* as rele)ant +%r t/e e2uipment in 2uesti%n. t% in'lu*e0
1 +un'ti%nal *es'ripti%n %+ e2uipment
1 re+eren'e stan*ar*s an* (ui*elines '%ntr%llin( e2uipment maintenan'e
1 instru'ti%ns +%r s'annin( *e)i'e. ultras%ni' instrument. ultras%ni' ele'tr%ni's. /ar*- an* s%+t,are +%r
re'%r*in(. pr%'essin(. *isplay. presentati%n an* st%ra(e %+ inspe'ti%n *ata
1 number %+ e:aminati%n J%nes +%r ea'/ ,all t/i'&ness t% be e:amine*. as rele)ant
1 trans*u'er '%n+i(urati%nCs4. '/ara'teristi's. types. '%)era(eO an*I%r +%'al la, *etails
1 *es'ripti%nI*ra,in(s %+ 'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4. in'lu*in( type. siJe an* l%'ati%n %+ all 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs
1 pre-e:aminati%n '/e'&s %+ e2uipment
1 met/%*%l%(y +%r sensiti)ity settin( an* +%r +usi%n J%ne trans*u'ersO %)ertra'e Csi(nal amplitu*e +r%m
a*Ga'ent J%nes4 re2uirements '%nsistent ,it/ t/e %)ertra'e use* as basis +%r establis/in( /ei(/t siJin(
'%rre'ti%ns +%r amplitu*e siJin(
1 (ate settin(s
1 e2uipment settin(s
1 t/res/%l* settin(s
1 t/e a**e* (ain ab%)e PRB CD10"4 t% be use* +%r mappin( '/annels
1 *ynami' )eri+i'ati%n %+ set-up
1 si(nal stren(t/ *e+inin( a Sl%ss %+ return si(nalT Cl%ss %+ '%uplin(4
1 )isual e:aminati%n %+ s'annin( area. in'lu*in( sur+a'e '%n*iti%n an* preparati%n
1 i*enti+i'ati%n %+ inspe'ti%n startin( p%int. s'annin( *ire'ti%n. an* in*i'ati%n %+ len(t/ inspe'te*
1 met/%* +%r s'anner ali(nment an* maintenan'e %+ ali(nment
1 )eri+i'ati%n %+ re+eren'e line an* (ui*e ban* p%siti%nin(
1 ma:imum all%,e* temperature ran(e
1 '%ntr%l %+ temperature *i++erentials Cpipe an* 'alibrati%n bl%'&4
1 'alibrati%n inter)als
1 'alibrati%n re'%r*s
1 '%uplant. '%uplin( an* '%uplin( '%ntr%l
1 %perati%nal '/e'&s an* +iel* maintenan'e
1 trans*u'er an* %)erall +un'ti%nal '/e'&s
1 /ei(/t. *ept/ an* len(t/ siJin( met/%*%l%(y
1 a''eptan'e 'riteria. %r re+eren'e t/eret%
1 instru'ti%ns +%r rep%rtin( in'lu*in( e:ample %+ re'%r*er '/art an* +%rms t% be use*
1 spare part p/il%s%p/y-
)*4 T/e A8T pr%'e*ure s/all be submitte* +%r a''eptan'e-
D. Cali6ra%i!n .Sensi%i-i%7 Se%%ing/
D )** ;ni%ial s%a%ic cali6ra%i!n
Transducer positioning and Primary Reference Sensitivity
)*) T/e system s/all be %ptimise* +%r +iel* inspe'ti%n in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e *etails (i)en in t/e A8T
pr%'e*ure an* usin( t/e rele)ant 'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4- T/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& s/all /a)e t/e same %rientati%n
C)erti'alI/%riJ%ntal4 as t/e pipe t% be teste*. unless it /as been pr%)en t/r%u(/ t/e 2uali+i'ati%n tests t/at
*i++eren'es in resp%nse are ne(li(ible-
)*4 T/e (ain le)el re2uire* t% pr%*u'e t/e pea& si(nal resp%nse is t/e Primary Re+eren'e Be)el CPRB4 +%r
t/at re+le't%r-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '14
&usion ,one channels
)*8 Pulse e'/% an* tan*em trans*u'ers s/all be p%siti%ne* at its %peratin( Cstan*-%++4 p%siti%n an* a*Guste*
t% pr%)i*e a pea& si(nal +r%m its 'alibrati%n re+le't%r- In t/e 'ase %+ p/ase* arrays. t/e +%'al la,s s/all be
*esi(ne* t% pr%)i*e a pea& si(nal +r%m ea'/ %+ t/e 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs as appr%priate- T/is si(nal s/all be
a*Guste* t% t/e spe'i+ie* per'enta(e %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t CFSH4-
T5& channels
)*4 F%r sin(le TOFD '/annels. t/e trans*u'er spa'in( s/all be sele'te* t% pla'e t/e t/e%reti'al 'r%ssin( %+
beam 'entres at t/e ,el* 'entreline at >> t% H=L %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness-
F%r *%uble TOFD '/annels t/e t/e%reti'al 'r%ssin( %+ beam 'entres at t/e ,el* 'entreline s/all be at >> t% H=L
%+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness +%r %ne '/annel an* appr%:imately ##L %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness +%r t/e %t/er '/annel-
T/e amplitu*e %+ t/e lateral ,a)e s/all be bet,een ;0 an* F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t CFSH4- In 'ases ,/en use
%+ t/e lateral ,a)e is n%t appli'able. e-(- sur+a'e '%n*iti%ns an* steep beam an(les. t/e amplitu*e %+ t/e ba'&
,all si(nal s/all be set at bet,een 1" t% "; *! ab%)e FSH- @/en use %+ neit/er t/e lateral ,a)e n%r t/e ba'&
,all si(nal is appli'able. t/e sensiti)ity s/%ul* be set su'/ t/at t/e n%ise le)el is bet,een = an* 10L %+ FSH-
$apping channels
)*# Ea'/ trans*u'er s/all be p%siti%ne* at its %peratin( Cstan*-%++4 p%siti%n an* a*Guste* t% pr%)i*e a pea&
si(nal +r%m its 'alibrati%n re+le't%r- In t/e 'ase %+ p/ase* arrays. t/e +%'al la,s s/all be *esi(ne* t% pr%)i*e a
pea& si(nal +r%m ea'/ %+ t/e 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs as appr%priate- T/is si(nal s/all be a*Guste* t% t/e spe'i+ie*
per'enta(e %+ FSH-
N%rmally a (ain in'rease in t/e ran(e %+ ; t% 10 *! %)er t/e (ain ne'essary t% %btain t/e spe'i+ie* per'enta(e
%+ FSH is re2uire* t% %btain t/e pr%*u'ti%n s'annin( sensiti)ity- T/is (ain s/all n%t be a**e* *urin( sensiti)ity
settin(. *ynami' 'alibrati%n an* 'alibrati%n )eri+i'ati%n *urin( +iel* e:aminati%n-
D 4** Ga%e se%%ings
4*) @it/ ea'/ trans*u'er p%siti%ne* +%r a pea& si(nal resp%nse +r%m t/e 'alibrati%n re+le't%r t/e *ete'ti%n
(ates s/all be set as *etaile* in t/e a(ree* A8T pr%'e*ure an* as *etaile* bel%,-
&usion ,one channels
4*4 T/e *ete'ti%n (ates are t% be set ,it/ ea'/ trans*u'er I +%'al la, p%siti%ne* +%r t/e pea& si(nal resp%nse
+r%m t/e 'alibrati%n re+le't%r- T/e (ate s/all start be+%re t/e t/e%reti'al ,el* preparati%n an* a suitable
all%,an'e s/all be in'lu*e* t% all%, +%r t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e /eat a++e'te* J%ne. s% t/at '%mplete '%)era(e %+ t/e
/eat a++e'te* J%ne is a'/ie)e*- T/e (ate en*s s/all at least be a+ter t/e t/e%reti'al ,el* 'entreline. in'lu*in( a
suitable all%,an'e +%r %++set %+ t/e ,el* 'entreline a+ter ,el*in(-
4*8 F%r spe'i+i' appli'ati%ns. e-(- +%r austeniti'I*uple: ,el*ments ,it/ an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)es ,it/ t/e
re+eren'e re+le't%rs p%siti%ne* at t/e +ar si*e %+ t/e ,el*. an e:tensi%n %+ t/e (ate %nt% t/e +ar be)el an* HAU
may be re2uire*-
Similar '%nsi*erati%ns may apply in t/e r%%t area relate* t% m%nit%rin( %+ (ui*an'e ban* %++set-
To& techni*ue
4*4 I*eally t/e time (ate start s/%ul* be at least 1 s pri%r t% t/e time %+ arri)al %+ t/e lateral ,a)e. an* s/%ul*
at least e:ten* up t% t/e +irst ba'& ,all e'/%- !e'ause m%*e '%n)erte* e'/%es 'an be %+ use in i*enti+yin(
*e+e'ts. it is re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e time (ate als% in'lu*es t/e time %+ arri)al %+ t/e +irst m%*e '%n)erte* ba'&
,all e'/%-
4*# As a minimum re2uirement. t/e time (ate s/all at least '%)er t/e *ept/ re(i%n %+ interest-
4*5 @/ere a smaller time (ate is appr%priate. it ,ill be ne'essary t% *em%nstrate t/at t/e *e+e't *ete'ti%n
'apabilities are n%t impaire*-
$apping channels
4*& T/e mappin( '/annels s/all en'%mpass t/e HAU an* t/e t%tal ,el* )%lume *e*i'ate* t% t/e trans*u'er
%r +%'al la,-
D 8** Rec!r"ing %hresh!l"
Threshold level
8*) It s/all be )eri+ie* t/at t/e t/res/%l* le)el. base* %n *ata +r%m t/e A8T system 2uali+i'ati%n. is set l%,
en%u(/ t% *ete't t/e minimum /ei(/t 'riti'al *e+e't i*enti+ie* in t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria Csee Subse'ti%n H#004-
8*4 T/e t/res/%l* le)els s/all in any 'ase n%t be set /i(/er t/an re2uire* in t/e +%ll%,in(-
&usion ,one channels
8*8 T/e re'%r*in( t/res/%l* +%r +usi%n J%ne '/annels s/all be at least > *! m%re sensiti)e t/an t/e re+eren'e
re+le't%r. unless a *i++erent sensiti)ity is re2uire* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ in*i'ati%ns *epen*in( up%n t/e siJe %+
re+le't%rs use* an* t/e appli'able a''eptan'e 'riteria-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '15
8*4 T5& techni*ue T/e re'%r*in( t/res/%l* +%r T%FD is n%t re'%mmen*e* t% be '/an(e* +r%m t/e
'alibrati%n t/res/%l*- H%,e)er. a '/an(e %+ t/res/%l* may be pres'ribe* in t/e pr%'e*ure-
$apping channels
8*# T/e re'%r*in( t/res/%l* +%r mappin( '/annels s/all be at least 1; *! m%re sensiti)e t/an t/e re+eren'e
re+le't%r si(nal-
D 4** D7na$ic cali6ra%i!n
etection channels
4*) @it/ t/e system %ptimise*. t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& s/all be s'anne*- T/e p%siti%n a''ura'y %+ t/e re'%r*e*
re+le't%rs relati)e t% ea'/ %t/er s/all be ,it/in " mm. an* ,it/ respe't t% t/e Jer% start ,it/in 10 mm-
4*4 F%r all p/ase* array +%'al la,s %r trans*u'ers t/e re'%r*in( me*ia s/all in*i'ate t/e re2uire* per'enta(e
%+ FSH an* l%'ate si(nals +r%m ea'/ 'alibrati%n re+le't%r in its '%rre'tly assi(ne* p%siti%n- T/e %)ertra'e s/all
be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements (i)en in t/e A8T pr%'e*ure-
%oupling monitor channels
4*8 T/e '%uplin( m%nit%r '/annels s/all in*i'ate n% l%ss %+ return si(nal as re2uire* by t/e pr%'e*ure-
D #** Rec!r"ing !+ se%-'( "a%a
#*) Su++i'ient *ata s/all be re'%r*e* %n a Sset-up s/eetT t% enable a *upli'ati%n %+ t/e %ri(inal set-up at any
sta(e *urin( +iel* inspe'ti%n-
As a minimum t/e PRB. t/e si(nal t% n%ise CSIN4 rati%. t/e stan*-%++ *istan'e +%r ea'/ trans*u'er. an* settin(s
+%r (ate start an* (ate len(t/ +%r ea'/ '/annel s/all be re'%r*e*-
#*4 T/e 'alibrati%n 2uali+i'ati%n '/art s/all be use* as t/e inspe'ti%n 2uality stan*ar* t% ,/i'/ subse2uently
pr%*u'e* 'alibrati%n '/arts may be Gu*(e* +%r a''eptability- T/is re'%r*in( s/all be &ept ,it/ t/e system B%(
!%%&- F%r p/ase* array e2uipment als% t/e i*enti+ie* set-up Ce:e'utable +%'al la, pr%(ramme4 use* s/all be
re'%r*e*-
#*8 In a**iti%n t% t/e 2uali+i'ati%n '/art re2uire* ab%)e. any '/an(es in t/e *ata re'%r*s ma*e in a''%r*an'e
,it/ D=01 ab%)e s/all be re'%r*e*-
T/e Sset-up s/eetT s/all a+ter *ynami' 'alibrati%n in'lu*e as a minimum0
1 PRB an* t/e si(nal t% n%ise CSIN4 rati% +%r ea'/ trans*u'er
1 t/e stan*-%++ *istan'e +%r ea'/ trans*u'er an* ali(nment %+ tan*em trans*u'ers
1 t/e settin(s +%r (ate start an* (ate len(t/ +%r ea'/ '/annel
1 t/e (ain t% be a**e* t% any '/annel *urin( +iel* e:aminati%n
1 +ilterin( settin(s. ,/en appli'able
1 t/e %r*er %+ transmitters an* re'ei)ers
1 'alibrati%n bl%'& i*enti+i'ati%n-
E. Fiel" ;ns(ec%i!n
E )** ;ns(ec%i!n re<'ire$en%s
General re*uirements
)*) T/e ultras%ni' system use* +%r e:aminati%n *urin( pr%*u'ti%n s/all in all essential aspe'ts be in
'%mplian'e ,it/ t/e set-up an* '%n+i(urati%n %+ t/e system use* +%r system 2uali+i'ati%n Csee Subse'ti%n H4-
ocumentation
)*4 T/e +%ll%,in( *%'umentati%n s/all be a)ailable at t/e pla'e %+ +iel* e:aminati%n0
An A8T system *%ssier +%r ea'/ %peratin( A8T system in'lu*in( per+%rman'eI'/ara'teristi's *ata an*
i*enti+i'ati%n %+ at least0
1 pulserIre'ei)er
1 trans*u'ers
1 umbili'al
1 en'%*er
1 s%+t,are )ersi%n an* e:e'utable +%'al la, pr%(rammes C,/en appli'able4
1 %t/er essential e2uipment-
An A8T system spare parts *%ssier in'lu*in(0
1 per+%rman'eI'/ara'teristi's *ata an* i*enti+i'ati%n %+ essential spare parts-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '16
A 'alibrati%n bl%'& re(ister in'lu*in(0
1 t/e *%'umentati%n +%r ea'/ 'alibrati%n bl%'&. in'lu*in( spares. as re2uire* by !=1#-
An A8T pers%nnel 2uali+i'ati%n *%ssier in'lu*in(0
1 'erti+i'ates +%r all A8T pers%nnel-
An A8T pr%'e*ures *%ssier in'lu*in(0
1 A8T pr%'e*ures t% be applie*
1 A8T system '/e'& an* maintenan'e instru'ti%ns
1 ,%r& instru'ti%ns +%r A8T pers%nnel-
A**iti%nal in+%rmati%n in'lu*in(0
1 %t/er NDT pr%'e*ures
1 A8T an* NDT a''eptan'e 'riteria-
)*8 T/e A8T system *%ssier s/all be up*ate* ,/en '/an(es %+ partsI'%mp%nents are ma*e an* s/all at all
times re+le't t/e 'urrent '%n+i(urati%n %+ t/e A8T system in use-
T/e A8T system spare parts *%ssier s/all be up*ate* ,/ene)er partsI'%mp%nents are repla'e* %r ne, partsI
'%mp%nents arri)e an* s/all at all times re+le't t/e number %+ spares a)ailable-
System #og -oo.
)*4 T/e System B%( !%%& s/all be &ept at t/e pla'e %+ inspe'ti%n. an* be ma*e a)ailable +%r re)ie, up%n
re2uest-
T/e system l%( b%%& s/all be '%ntinu%usly up*ate* an* at least in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in( in+%rmati%n0
1 set-up *ata as re2uire* in D=00
1 t/e 'alibrati%n 2uali+i'ati%n '/artCs4
1 repla'ement %+ main '%mp%nents ,it/ spares +r%m st%'&
1 repla'ement %+ 'alibrati%n bl%'&
1 results +r%m %perati%nal '/e'&s
1 results %+ peri%*i'al )eri+i'ati%ns Clinearity '/e'&s. 'alibrati%n bl%'& ,ear. element )eri+i'ati%n +%r p/ase*
array trans*u'ers et'-4
)*# Har* '%py re'%r*in(s +%r ea'/ 'alibrati%n s'an Can* p/ase* array set up +ile. i+ appr%priate4 s/all be
in'lu*e* se2uentially ,it/ t/e ,el* inspe'ti%n '/arts- T/e last ,el* number e:amine* be+%re 'alibrati%n an*
t/e time at ,/i'/ t/e 'alibrati%n ,as per+%rme* s/all appear %n ea'/ 'alibrati%n '/art-
Pre( e"amination tests
)*5 !e+%re t/e ultras%ni' system is use* +%r +iel* e:aminati%n %+ pr%*u'ti%n ,el*s t/e system s/all be teste*-
A+ter 'alibrati%n %+ t/e '%mplete system usin( t/e appli'able Sset-up s/eetT parameters. t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&
s/all be s'anne*- I+ any %+ t/e e'/% amplitu*es +r%m t/e re+le't%rs %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& *e)iate m%re t/an "
*! +r%m t/e initial 'alibrati%n. '%rre'ti%ns s/all be ma*e-
T/e system s/all n%t be use* until = su''essi)e satis+a't%ry s'ans are %btaine*-
T/e t%tal n%ise le)el +r%m trans*u'er. material in'lu*in( ,el*. ele'tr%ni's an* any %t/er s%ur'es s/all n%t
e:'ee* t/e sin(le %utput representin( t/e smallest all%,able 'riti'al +la,-
At least %ne s'an s/all be per+%rme* ,it/ t/e s'annin( sur+a'e ,ipe* *ry- T/e '%uplin( m%nit%r '/annels s/all
in*i'ate l%ss %+ return si(nal as re2uire* by t/e pr%'e*ure-
In a**iti%n. a p%,er +ailure s/all be simulate* an* %perati%n %+ t/e system %n t/e alternati)e p%,er s%ur'e ,it/
n% l%ss %r '%rrupti%n %+ e:aminati%n *ata s/all be )eri+ie*-
;erification of %alibration
)*& T/e 'alibrati%n %+ t/e system s/all be )eri+ie* by s'annin( t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& be+%re an* a+ter
inspe'ti%n %+ ea'/ ,el*- T/e (ain a**e* t% any '/annel +%r +iel* e:aminati%n s/all be rem%)e* *urin(
)eri+i'ati%n s'ans-
)*2 I+ a(ree*. t/e +re2uen'y %+ 'alibrati%n s'ans may be re*u'e* t% a minimum %+ 1 s'an +%r ea'/ 10
'%nse'uti)e ,el*s- I+ a 'alibrati%n +ails. t/e pre'e*in( ,el*s '%untin( ba'& t% last a''eptable 'alibrati%n s/all
be re-inspe'te*-
)*: T/e )eri+i'ati%n s'ans s/all n%t s/%, amplitu*e '/an(es in any '/annel %utsi*e [ " *! +r%m t/e re+eren'e
'alibrati%n '/art Csee D=014-
))* T/e pea& si(nal resp%nses +r%m ea'/ )eri+i'ati%n s'an s/all be re'%r*e*- Any (ain '/an(es re2uire* t%
maintain t/e PRB in t/e set-up s/eet Csee D=0"4 s/all be re'%r*e*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '2%
Re(calibration
))) T/e system s/all be re-'alibrate* an* a ne, re+eren'e 'alibrati%n '/art s/all be establis/e* a''%r*in( t%
Subse'ti%n D i+ a )eri+i'ati%n s'ans s/%,s amplitu*e '/an(es in any '/annel %utsi*e [ " *! +r%m t/e re+eren'e
'alibrati%n '/art %r i+ (ain '/an(es %utsi*e [ " *! are re2uire* t% maintain t/e PRB in t/e set-up s/eet-
))4 T/e system s/all als% be re-'alibrate* an* a ne, re+eren'e 'alibrati%n '/art an* a ne, set-up s/eet
establis/e*0
1 at any '/an(e %+ 'alibrati%n bl%'&
1 at any '/an(e %+ n%minal ,all t/i'&ness
1 at any '/an(e %+ '%mp%nents. trans*u'ers. ,e*(es %r a+ter resur+a'in( %+ trans*u'ers
1 be+%re an* a+ter e:aminati%n %+ repairs. i+ system is %utsi*e initial t%leran'es
1 a+ter any a*Gustments t% s'anner /ea* %r trans*u'ers
1 a+ter any '/an(e in t/e %r*er %+ transmitters an* re'ei)ers an* +ilterin( settin(s-
6eld identification
))8 Ea'/ ,el* s/all be numbere* in t/e se2uen'e use* in t/e pipe tra'&in( system-
))4 T/e startin( p%int +%r ea'/ s'an s/all be 'learly mar&e* %n t/e pipe an* t/e s'an *ire'ti%n s/all be 'learly
mar&e* usin( an arr%,- I+ t/e s'annin( *ire'ti%n is '/an(e* +r%m t/e re(ular *ire'ti%n. t/is s/all be n%te* %n
t/e re'%r*s %+ t/e s'an-
E 4** O(era%i!nal chec0s
4*) Operati%nal '/e'&s s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% a *%'umente* pr%'e*ure- T/e e:e'uti%n %+ an* t/e
results %+ t/e %perati%nal '/e'&s s/all be re'%r*e* in t/e system l%( b%%&-
4*4 T/e +%ll%,in( %perati%nal '/e'&s s/all be per+%rme* +%r e)ery ,el* inspe'te*0
1 re+eren'e line s/all be ,it/in re2uire* t%leran'e an* 'learly mar&e* ar%un* t/e pipe 'ir'um+eren'e
1 t/e s'annin( sur+a'e s/all be +ree %+ ,el* spatter an* %t/er t/at may inter+ere ,it/ t/e m%)ement %+
trans*u'ers
1 p/ysi'al *ama(e an* l%%se '%nne'ti%ns in t/e ban*- ban* p%siti%n s/all be ,it/in a t%leran'e %+ ma:imum
[ 1-0 mm
1 t/e pipe sur+a'e temperature an* t/e *i++eren'e bet,een 'alibrati%n bl%'& temperature an* pipe temperature
s/all be ,it/in t/e re2uire* t%leran'e-
4*8 T/e +%ll%,in( %perati%nal '/e'&s s/all be per+%rme* *aily %r at least %n'e per s/i+t0
1 t/e s'anner /ea* s/all be '/e'&e* +%r p/ysi'al *ama(e an* l%%se '%nne'ti%ns
1 t/e be)el prepare* at t/e be)ellin( stati%n s/all be %+ t/e spe'i+i' ,el* be)el (e%metry. *imensi%ns an*
t%leran'es s/%,n %n t/e *ra,in(s %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& in use
1 t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& in use s/all be '/e'&e* +%r p/ysi'al *ama(e an* s'annin( tra'&s
1 trans*u'ers s/all n%t be r%'&in( in t/e s'anner an* s/all be in +irm '%nta't ,it/ t/e s'annin( sur+a'e- t/e
trans*u'ers s/all be +irmly s're,e* %nt% t/e ,e*(es- t/e trans*u'er ,ear +a'es C,e*(es4 s/all be '/e'&e*
+%r s'%res ,/i'/ may 'ause l%'al l%ss %+ '%nta't
1 t/e trans*u'er stan*-%++ *istan'e s/all be as re'%r*e* in t/e set-up s/eet ,it/in [ 0-= mm
1 t/e p%siti%n a''ura'y %+ t/e '/art *istan'e mar&ers s/all be s/all be 1 'm %r better-
4*4 Ot/er %perati%nal '/e'&s su'/ as linearity '/e'&s an* trans*u'er element )eri+i'ati%n '/e'&s C,/en
appli'able4 an* +iel* maintenan'e s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% t/e A8T system '/e'& an* maintenan'e
instru'ti%ns-
G'i"ance n!%eF
/e'&in( %+ trans*u'er an(les may re2uire a 'ust%m ma*e bl%'& sin'e t/e stan*ar* V1 bl%'& may n%t be ,i*e en%u(/
t% in'lu*e t/e 'arbi*e tips *urin( '/e'&s an* *ue t% t/at t/e (ap bet,een t/e V1 bl%'& an* trans*u'ers ,it/ ra*iuse*
sur+a'es ,ill be t%% lar(e +%r a*e2uate '/e'&s-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*# A )eri+i'ati%n s'an s/all be per+%rme* pri%r t% resumin( inspe'ti%n a+ter t/e %perati%nal '/e'&s re2uire*
in E"0# an* any +iel* maintenan'e- T/e )eri+i'ati%n s'an s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in E10H-
I+ ne'essary. a re-'alibrati%n s/all be per+%rme* an* a ne, re+eren'e 'alibrati%n '/art s/all be establis/e*
a''%r*in( t% Subse'ti%n D-
E 8** A"A's%$en%s !+ %he AUT s7s%e$
8*) A*Gustments t% t/e A8T system %t/er t/an '%rre'tin( *e)iati%ns +r%m t/e 2uali+ie* set-up s/eet
+%ll%,in( %perati%nal '/e'&s an* maintenan'e s/all n%t be per+%rme*- Fine a*Gustments t% t/e sensiti)ity
settin(s by '/an(in( t/e (ain settin(s t% %ptimise t/e pea& si(nal resp%nse t% a''%mm%*ate me'/ani'al ,ear
'an be ma*e ,it/in a ,in*%, %+ [ 1-0 *!-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '2$
8*4 Pra'ti'es su'/ as '/an(in( trans*u'er an(les by li+tin( trans*u'er +r%nt an* ba'& by a*Gustin( %+
'arbi*es. '/an(in( stan*-%++ *istan'es an* '/an(in( t/e %r*er %+ transmitterIre'ei)ers et'- are n%t permitte*-
E 4** Acce(%ance cri%eria
4*) A''eptan'e 'riteria appli'able +%r aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( CA8T4 %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t%
t%tal n%minal strains M0-;L are (i)en in Table E-1- It is n%t appli'able t% -6n pipes an* l%, all%y steel
subGe'te* t% s%ur ser)i'e '%n*iti%ns- T/e A8T system s/all be 2uali+ie* a''%r*in( t% t/is appen*i:- T/e
a''eptan'e 'riteria %+ Table E-1 assumes a /ei(/t siJin( a''ura'y ,it/in [1 mm. as e)aluate* a''%r*in( t%
'lause H#0"- T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria %+ Table E-1 are t/ere+%re %nly )ali* as l%n( as t/e /ei(/t siJin( a''ura'y
is *%'umente* t% be ,it/in [1mm up%n t/e 2uali+i'ati%n- T/e inspe'ti%n t/res/%l* is re'%mmen*e* set at ;0L
FSH +%r pulse e'/% J%nes- In a**iti%n. 'lause H#01 s/all be satis+ie* +%r ma:imum a''eptable *e+e't /ei(/ts
spe'i+ie* in Table E-1-
4*4 F%r A8T system use* +%r inspe'ti%n %+ (irt/ ,el*s in pipelines %+ *uple: stainless steel. RA an* 'la*I
line* materials. a pr%bability %+ reGe'ti%n %+ F=L at a H=L '%n+i*en'e le)el %r /i(/er s/all be *%'umente*
t/r%u(/ t/e 2uali+i'ati%n +%r *e+e'ts in t/e r%%t %+ /ei(/ts smaller t/an 1-0 mm. '%nsi*erin( t/e applie* A8T
reGe'ti%n 'riteria +%r r%%t *e+e'ts-
Ta6le E-) Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r a'%!$a%e" 'l%ras!nic %es%ing !+ gir%h 1el"s
-ase material efect location )cceptance criteria
14 "4 #4 ;4
In*i)i*ual *e+e't in*i'ati%ns
6a:imum a''umulate* len(t/ %+ *e+e't
in*i'ati%ns in any #00 mm ,el* len(t/
-6n an* l%, all%y
steels
>.F4
R%%t
Hei(/t0 t/e lesser %+ ,el* pass /ei(/t an* 0-" t.
but ma:- # mmO Ben(t/0 t. but ma:- "= mm
=4
Sur+a'e
Embe**e*
<4
Hei(/t0 t/e lesser %+ ,el* pass /ei(/t an* 0-" t.
but ma:- # mmO Ben(t/0 "t. but ma:- =0 mm
Duple: stainless steel.
RAs an* 'la*Iline*
steel
R%%t
H4
8p t% # mm +r%m insi*e sur+a'e. an* up t%
1-= mm ab%)e 'la*Iliner t/i'&ness +%r 'la*I
line* steel
Hei(/t0 ma:- 1 mm. t/e lesser %+ a t/ir* %+ 'la*I
liner t/i'&ness an* 1 mm +%r 'la*Iline* steelO
Ben(t/0 t. but ma:- "= mm
Sur+a'e
Hei(/t0 t/e lesser %+ ,el* pass /ei(/t an* 0-" t.
but ma:- # mmO Ben(t/0 t. but ma:- "= mm
Embe**e*
<4
At least # mm +r%m insi*e sur+a'e. an* at
least 1-= mm ab%)e 'la*Iliner t/i'&ness +%r
'la*Iline* steel
Hei(/t0 t/e lesser %+ ,el* pass /ei(/t an* 0-" t.
but ma:- # mmO Ben(t/0 "t. but ma:- =0 mm
ra'&s are n%t permitte*-
P%r%sity0
A''umulate* len(t/ %+ p%r%sity si(nals e:'ee*in( "0L FSH amplitu*e in t/e )%lumetri' '/annels0 F%r sin(le layer
,el*s0 1-=L %+ t/e +ull 'ir'um+erential len(t/. +%r multi layer ,el*s ,it/ t M 1= mm "L %+ t/e +ull 'ir'um+erential len(t/.
+%r multi layer ,el*s ,it/ t 1= mm #L %+ t/e +ull 'ir'um+erential len(t/- SIs%late*T p%res are separate* by m%re t/an
= times t/e *iameter %+ t/e lar(est p%re-
N%tes0
14 V%lumetri' *e+e'ts separate* by less t/an t/e len(t/ %+ t/e smallest *e+e't %r *e+e't (r%up s/all be '%nsi*ere* as %ne imper+e'ti%n-
"4 Planar *e+e'ts intera'ti%n s/all be assesse* a''%r*in( t% t/e 'riteria %+ !S <H10- Intera'tin( planar *e+e'ts s/all be attribute*
e2ui)alent *e+e't *imensi%ns a''%r*in( t% !S <H10. an* t/e e2ui)alent *e+e'ts s% %btaine* s/all meet t/e ab%)e a''eptan'e
'riteria-
#4 Dete'table imper+e'ti%ns are n%t permitte* in any interse'ti%n %+ ,el*s-
;4 Systemati' imper+e'ti%ns t/at are *istribute* at re(ular *istan'es %)er t/e len(t/ %+ t/e ,el* are n%t permitte* e)en i+ t/e siJe %+
any sin(le imper+e'ti%n meets t/e re2uirements ab%)e-
=4 A''eptan'e 'riteria %+ Table D-; s/all als% be satis+ie*-
>4 T/is table is n%t appli'able +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels in s%ur ser)i'e-
<4 I+ an embe**e* *e+e't is l%'ate* 'l%se t% a sur+a'e. su'/ t/at t/e li(ament /ei(/t is less t/an /al+ t/e *e+e't /ei(/t. t/e li(ament
/ei(/t bet,een t/e *e+e't an* t/e sur+a'e s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e *e+e't /ei(/t. an* t/e *e+e't s/all be '%nsi*ere* as a r%%t %r
sur+a'e *e+e't. as appli'able-
F4 POD an* siJin( a''ura'y %+ t/e A8T system s/all be a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: E. 'lause E;01-
H4 T/e Pr%bability %+ ReGe'ti%n CP%R4 +%r a 1 mm /i(/ +la, s/all be 2uali+ie* t% be /i(/er %r e2ual t% F=L at H=L '%n+i*en'e le)el-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '2&
F. Re-e,a$ina%i!n !+ Wel"s
F )** General
)*) @el*s s/all be re-e:amine* ,/ene)er any %+ t/e +%ll%,in( %''ur0
Sensitivity
)*4 @el*s e:amine* at a sensiti)ity %utsi*e [ " *! +r%m t/e PRB s/all be re-e:amine*-
%oupling loss
)*8 @el*s e:/ibitin( a l%ss %+ a'%usti' '%uplin( %)er a 'ir'um+erential *istan'e ,/i'/ e:'ee*s t/e minimum
all%,able *e+e't len(t/ +%r t/e a++e'te* '/annel s/all be re-e:amine*- %uplin( l%ss in t,% a*Ga'ent J%nes at
t/e same p%siti%n re2uires re-e:aminati%n- In 'ases ,/ere t/e minimum all%,able *e+e't /ei(/t a''%r*in( t%
appli'able a''eptan'e 'riteria is smaller t/an t/e J%ne /ei(/t +%r t/e a++e'te* '/annel. t/e ,el* s/all be re-
e:amine*-
5ut of calibration
)*4 I+ a )eri+i'ati%n s'an s/%,s t/at t/e system is in any ,ay S%ut %+ 'alibrati%nT. all ,el*s e:amine* sin'e
t/e last su''ess+ul )eri+i'ati%n s'an s/all be re-e:amine*-
G. E-al'a%i!n an" Re(!r%ing
G )** E-al'a%i!n !+ in"ica%i!ns
)*) In*i'ati%ns +r%m ,el* imper+e'ti%ns s/all be e)aluate* a(ainst t/e *e+e't a''eptan'e 'riteria-
)*4 In*i'ati%ns s/all be e)aluate* +%ll%,in( t/e /ei(/t. *ept/ an* len(t/ siJin( met/%*%l%(y (i)en in t/e
A8T pr%'e*ure- All in+%rmati%n a)ailable s/all be use* in t/e e)aluati%n t% a)%i* un*ersiJin(. - an* e:'essi)e
%)ersiJin( %+ in*i'ati%ns-
)*8 In*i'ati%ns re'%r*e* +r%m s%ur'es %t/er t/an ,el* imper+e'ti%ns s/all be e)aluate*- T/eir nature s/all
be 'learly i*enti+ie* in t/e e:aminati%n rep%rt-
)*4 All e)aluati%ns s/all be '%mplete* imme*iately a+ter e:aminati%n %+ t/e ,el*-
G 4** E,a$ina%i!n re(!r%s
4*) T/e e:aminati%n results s/all be re'%r*e* %n a stan*ar* ultras%ni' rep%rt +%rm- T/e rep%rts s/all be ma*e
a)ailable %n a *aily basis %r %n *eman*-
4*4 T/e +%ll%,in( items are as a minimum t% be rep%rte* +%r ea'/ in*i'ati%n +%un* t% be n%t a''eptable0
1 pr%Ge't re+eren'e
1 pipeline i*enti+i'ati%n
1 ,el* i*enti+i'ati%nInumber
1 *ate
1 ultras%ni' pr%'e*ure number ,it/ ass%'iate* re)isi%n
1 'ir'um+erential p%siti%n %+ in*i'ati%n
1 /ei(/t. *ept/ an* len(t/ %+ in*i'ati%n
1 trans)erse l%'ati%n %+ *e+e'tsIin*i'ati%ns C8S. DS. entral4
1 ma:imum amplitu*e +%r ea'/ rep%rte* in*i'ati%n
1 in*i'ati%n type-
G 8** ;ns(ec%i!n rec!r"s
8*) T/e +%ll%,in( inspe'ti%n re'%r*s s/all be pr%)i*e*0
1 a /ar* '%py re'%r* %+ ea'/ ,el* e:amine*
1 an assessment %+ t/e ,el* 2uality a''%r*in( t% t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria
1 /ar* '%py re'%r*s %+ all 'alibrati%n s'ans
1 e:aminati%n *ata in ele'tr%ni' +%rm-
8*4 In lieu %+ /ar* '%py re'%r*s an alternati)e re'%r*in( me*ia is a''eptable- @/ere ,el* interpretati%n /as
been per+%rme* usin( *i(itally pr%'esse* si(nals. t/e *ata +iles s/all be st%re* an* ba'&e* up imme*iately
+%ll%,in(
t/e e:aminati%n %+ ea'/ ,el*- T/e st%re* *ata s/all be in t/e same +%rmat as use* by t/e %perat%r t% assess t/e
a''eptability %+ ,el*s at t/e time %+ e:aminati%n-
8*8 I+ a(ree*. a s%+t,are pa'&a(e an* %ne set %+ '%mpatible /ar*,are s/all be pr%)i*e* in %r*er t% all%, t/e
,el* *ata +ile t% be retrie)e* in t/e same manner as t/e %perat%r )ie,e* t/e *ata at t/e time %+ inspe'ti%n-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '2'
H. E'ali+ica%i!n
H )** General
)*) T/e A8T system s/all be 2uali+ie* a''%r*in( t% DNV-RP-F11F +%r t/e appli'ati%ns it is inten*e* use*
+%r- T/e 2uali+i'ati%n s/all be base* %n t/e re2uire* per+%rman'e as i*enti+ie* by t/e re2uirements +%r
Pr%bability %+ Dete'ti%n CP%D4 an* siJin( abilityO %r. alternati)ely a re2uirement t% *e+e't reGe'ti%n-
)*4 T/e 2uali+i'ati%n is A8T system spe'i+i' an* s/all %nly be )ali* ,/en all essential )ariables remain
n%minally t/e same as '%)ere* by t/e *%'umente* 2uali+i'ati%n- T/is stan*ar* *%es n%t re2uire a ne,
2uali+i'ati%n t% be per+%rme* pr%)i*e* t/at t/e *%'umente* per+%rman'e i-e- P%D an* siJin( ability meets %r
e:'ee*s t/e re2uirements +%r t/e spe'i+i' appli'ati%n bein( '%nsi*ere*-
)*8 5uali+i'ati%n in)%l)es a te'/ni'al e)aluati%n %+ t/e A8T system an* appli'ati%n in 2uesti%n '%mbine*
,it/ any re2uire* pra'ti'al tests-
)*4 T/e 2uali+i'ati%n s/all be base* %n a *etaile* an* a(ree* 2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme. t/at '%)ers t/e
+%ll%,in(0
1 5uali+i'ati%n %bGe'ti)e. i-e- materials. ,el* pr%'ess. (r%%)e (e%metries an* per+%rman'e re2uirement CP%D
an* SiJin( a''ura'y4-
1 Details %+ trials t% establis/ an* *%'ument en)ir%nmental an* appli'ati%n relate* t%leran'es su'/ as
temperature '%nsisten'y. beam an* +%'al la, '%nsisten'y. me'/ani'al stability an* ele'tr%ni' inter+eren'e
sensiti)ity-
1 Details %+ reliability trials an* trial ,el*s-
)*# T/e a(ree* 2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme an* its implementati%n s/all be super)ise* an* en*%rse* by a
re'%(nise* an* '%mpetent in*epen*ent #r* party-
H 4** Sc!(e
4*) A 2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme s/all *%'ument t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 +ul+ilment %+ t/e re2uirements t% A8T systems a''%r*in( t% t/is Appen*i:
1 t/e repeatability %+ t/e A8T system un*er )ariable e:aminati%n '%n*iti%ns
1 t/e sensiti)ity %+ t/e A8T system t% t/e temperature %+ teste* %bGe'ts
1 t/e ability %+ t/e A8T system t% *ete't *e+e'ts %+ rele)ant types an* siJes in rele)ant l%'ati%ns
1 t/e a''ura'y in siJin( an* l%'atin( *e+e'ts-
H 8** Re<'ire$en%s
etection
8*) T/e *ete'ti%n ability %+ an A8T system s/all be *eeme* su++i'ient i+ t/e pr%bability %+ *ete'tin( a *e+e't
%+ t/e smallest all%,able /ei(/t *etermine* by an En(ineerin( riti'al Assessment CEA4 %r by %t/er
'%nsi*erati%ns is H0L s/%,n at a H=L '%n+i*en'e le)el Ci-e- a H0LVH=L P%D4-
Si,ing accuracy
8*4 SiJin( a''ura'y s/all be establis/e* *urin( t/e 2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme- F%r t/is purp%se it is re2uire*
t% *em%nstrate t/e a''ura'y %)er t/e ran(e %+ e:pe'te* *e+e't siJes- !ase* %n t/e *etermine* siJin( err%rs. t/e
un*er siJin( err%r t%leran'es (i)in( less t/an %r e2ual t% =L pr%bability %+ un*er siJin( s/all be *etermine*
an* use* in relati%n t% any EA spe'i+ie* *e+e't siJes-
N% spe'i+i' t%leran'e is re2uire* +%r %)er siJin( %+ in*i'ati%ns- O)er siJin( %+ in*i'ati%ns s/%ul* /%,e)er be
,it/in reas%nable limits sin'e e:'essi)e %)ersiJin( ,ill result in unne'essary repairs *urin( pipeline
'%nstru'ti%n- A systemati' %)er siJin(. i-e- %)er siJin( %n a)era(e. %+ 0-F mm %r ab%)e s/all lea* t%
in)esti(ati%ns an* '%rre'ti)e a'ti%ns t% re*u'e t/e %)er siJin( in t/e a++e'te* parts %+ t/e A8T set-up-
ReTection
8*8 T/e *ete'ti%n 'riteri%n %+ H#01 an* t/e un*ersiJin( t%leran'e spe'i+ie* in H#0" may be '%mbine* int%
%ne reGe'ti%n 'riteri%n0 T/ere s/all be m%re t/an F=L pr%bability %+ reGe'tin( a *e+e't. ,/i'/ is n%t a''eptable
a''%r*in( t% *etermine* EA 'riteria- T/is s/all be s/%,n at a H=L '%n+i*en'e le)el. i-e- a Pr%bability %+
ReGe'ti%n CP%R4 %+ F=LVH=L is re2uire*- T/is reGe'ti%n 'riteri%n appr%a'/ may be pre+erable ,/en t/e t,% step
pr%'ess *ete'ti%n-siJin( is n%t +%ll%,e*. e-(- ,/en a''eptan'e %r reGe'ti%n is base* *ire'tly %n e'/% amplitu*es.
%r s%lely %n A8T rep%rte* *e+e't siJes-
8*4 T/e A8T system s/all be *eeme* un2uali+ie* +%r its purp%se ,it/ respe't t% EA *etermine* n%n-
a''eptable *e+e'ts i+ it is n%t p%ssible t% *%'ument a*e2uate *ete'ti%n an* siJin( abilities a''%r*in( t% H#01
an* H#0". %r a*e2uate reGe'ti%n abilities a''%r*in( t% H#0#-
H 4** Daria6les
4*) Variables. ,/i'/ must be ta&en int% a''%unt *urin( a 2uali+i'ati%n. in'lu*e. but are n%t ne'essarily
limite* t%0
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '21
1 ,el*in( met/%* an* (r%%)e (e%metry
1 ,el*in( '%nsumables
1 base material CDistin'ti%n is ma*e %n materials ,it/ substantially *i++eren'es in ultras%ni' resp%nse. +%r
instan'e bet,een 6n. 1#L r. *uple: %r austeniti' steels4-
1 ,all t/i'&ness limitati%ns
1 pipe *iameter limitati%ns
1 temperature '%nsisten'y
1 r%%t an* 'ap '/annels trans*u'er set-up
1 trans*u'er set-up +%r %t/er '/annels Ct/e number %+ t/ese '/annels may be in'rease* %r *e'rease* pr%)i*e*
t/ere are n% set-up '/an(es4
1 +%'al la, *esi(n pr%'e*ure CP/ase* array pr%bes %nly4
1 re+eren'e re+le't%rs
1 system. *ata a'2uisiti%n an* *ata treatment
1 s%+t,are )ersi%n Ce:'ept '/an(es a++e'tin( )ie,in( %r *isplay %nly4-
1 A8T %perat%rIinterpreter trainin( an* 2uali+i'ati%n-
H #** E'ali+ica%i!n (r!gra$$e
General
#*) A +ull 2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme +%r a spe'i+i' appli'ati%n %+ an A8T system ,ill in (eneral '%mprise t/e
+%ll%,in( sta(es0
14 Re)ie, %+ t/e te'/ni'al *%'umentati%n %+ t/e A8T system
"4 Re)ie, %+ t/e %peratin( met/%*%l%(y +%r t/e A8T system
#4 Re)ie, %+ t/e 2uality assuran'e system +%r *e)el%pment. )eri+i'ati%n. maintenan'e an* %perati%n %+ t/e
A8T system-
;4 Re)ie, %+ a)ailable per+%rman'e *ata +%r t/e A8T system-
=4 E)aluati%n an* '%n'lusi%ns base* %n t/e in+%rmati%n ma*e a)ailable-
>4 I*enti+i'ati%n an* e)aluati%n %+ si(ni+i'ant parameters an* t/eir )ariability-
<4 Plannin( an* e:e'uti%n %+ a repeatability test pr%(ramme. see H<0= an* H<0>-
F4 Plannin( an* e:e'uti%n %+ a temperature sensiti)ity test pr%(ramme. see H<0< an* H<0F-
H4 Plannin( an* e:e'uti%n %+ a reliability test pr%(ramme. see H<0H an* H<10-
104 D%'umentati%n %+ results +r%m t/e repeatability an* reliability test pr%(rammes-
114 Re+eren'e in)esti(ati%ns by supplementary NDT an* *estru'ti)e testin(-
1"4 E)aluati%n %+ results +r%m repeatability. temperature sensiti)ity an* *ete'ti%n ability an* siJin( a''ura'y
trials-
#*4 T/e e:tent %+ t/e 2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme ,ill re+le't t/e ran(e +%r ,/i'/ t/e A8T system is inten*e*
t% be use*. as *es'ribe* in t/e (eneral A8T pr%'e*ure-
#*8 Pra'ti'al tests %+ t/e A8T system is a re2uirement- In+%rmati%n pertainin( t% t/ese pra'ti'al tests is (i)en
in H<00-
F%r a +ull 2uali+i'ati%n /ist%ri'al 2uali+i'ati%n *ata. in '%mplian'e t% t/e re2uirements %+ se'ti%ns H>00 an*
H<00. 'an be utilise* i+ t/ese *ata 'an be 'learly i*enti+ie* an* supp%rte* ,it/ all rele)ant *%'umentati%n-
H%,e)er t/e minimum am%unt %+ ne, *ata s/all at least represent =0L %+ t/e t%tal minimum re2uire*
2uali+i'ati%n %bser)ati%ns a''%r*in( t% H>0;- It s/all be n%te* t/at %n'e un*er(%ne a +ull 2uali+i'ati%n. t/e
results are )ali* as /ist%ri'al *ata +%r use a''%r*in( t% t/is stan*ar* %n similar '%n+i(urati%n. ,it/ re+eren'e t%
I101- Vali*ity +%r spe'i+i' '%n+i(urati%ns 'an be *%'umente* t/r%u(/ )ali*ati%n s'%pes in'lu*in( a limite*
number %+ *e+e'ti)e ,el*s an* *e+e'ts i+ *eeme* rele)ant-
H 5** Tes% 1el"s
5*) 5uali+i'ati%n testin( s/all be per+%rme* usin( test ,el*s '%ntainin( intenti%nally in*u'e* *e+e'ts typi'al
%+ t/%se e:pe'te* t% be present in ,el*s pr%*u'e* ,it/ t/e ,el*in( met/%*s t% be use*- T/e pre+erre* met/%*
+%r see*in( intenti%nal +la,s are by )aryin( ,el*in( pr%'ess parameters t% in*u'e natural +la,s- H%,e)er.
ED6 n%t'/ te'/ni2ue may substitute <0L %+ t/e t%tal number %+ +la,s in ea'/ +la, (r%up- Re+ tables E-". E-#
an* E-;- Hen'e a minimum %+ #0L natural +la,s s/all be part %+ t/e *ata p%pulati%n-
5*4 T/e material an* t/e ,el* (e%metry s/all be as +%r t/e a'tual use %+ t/e e2uipment- 6in%r )ariati%ns t%
+%r instan'e t/e ,el* r%%t (r%%)e. ,/i'/ are re(ar*e* irrele)ant in relati%n t% t/e A8T system. may be
a''eptable-
I+ repair ,el*s are t% be '%)ere* by t/e 2uali+i'ati%n. a representati)e sele'ti%n %+ t/ese s/%ul* als% be in'lu*e*-
5*8 T/e intenti%nally intr%*u'e* *e+e'ts s/all )ary in len(t/. /ei(/t an* l%'ati%n- T%% 'l%se spa'in( an*
sta'&in( %+ t/e *e+e'ts s/all be a)%i*e*- I+ a POD analysis s/all be per+%rme*. it is re2uire* als% t% in'lu*e
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '22
siJes. ,/i'/ are smaller t/an. %r ar%un* t/%se e:pe'te* usin( anti'ipate* A8T t/res/%l* settin(s- I+ a POR
analysis s/all be per+%rme*. *e+e'ts %+ )erti'al siJes bel%, t/e reGe'ti%n t/res/%l* is re2uire*-
5*4 As a minimum "H *e+e'ts. %r ultras%ni'ally in*epen*ent parts %+ *e+e'ts. is re2uire* +%r ea'/ (r%up %+
*e+e'ts- 8ltras%ni'ally in*epen*ent parts %+ *e+e't are t/%se se)eral beam ,i*t/s apart- In %r*er t% s/%,
su++i'ient *ete'ti%n ability CH0L POD4 at t/e re2uire* '%n+i*en'e le)el CH=L4 t/e number %+ *e+e'ts an* t/eir
)ariati%n in *e+e't types an* l%'ati%n is re+eren'e* in tables E-". E-# an* E-;-
5*# T/e l%'ati%ns ,/ere *e+e'ts ,ere intenti%nally in*u'e* s/all be re'%r*e*- T/e presen'e an* siJes %+ t/e
in*u'e* *e+e'ts in t/e test ,el*s s/all be '%n+irme*- F%r t/is purp%se t/e test ,el*s s/all be subGe't t%
supplementary NDT- Supplementary NDT may en'%mpass in*epen*ent semi aut%mati' PA8TITOFD systems
%r I8T- Sur+a'e te'/ni2ues are re'%mmen*e*- T/e re+eren'e p%int +%r all testin( s/all be t/e same an* s/all be
in*i'ate* by /ar* stampin( %n t/e test ,el*s- T/e te'/ni2ues use* +%r t/is testin( s/all be %ptimise* +%r t/e
,el* (e%metries in 2uesti%n-
5*5 T/e rep%rt s/all i*enti+y t/e i*enti+ie* *e+e'ts +r%m t/e supplementary NDT in t/e test ,el*s ,it/ respe't
t% 'ir'um+erential p%siti%n. len(t/. an* /ei(/t- T/e rep%rt s/all be &ept '%n+i*ential-
Ta6le E-4 N'$6er !+ "eli6era%e +la1s +!r GMAW > (re( 1el"s
efect type group 4o of &laws %omment
R%%t "H C<Y4 I+ r%%t '/annels an* HPIra*ius '/annels are uni2ue it may be p%ssible t%
'%mbine +la,s +r%m r%%t an* HP an* re*u'e t/e t%tal n% in t/is area-
HPIra*ius "H C>Y4
Fill "H C<Y4
ap "H C<Y4 T/is +la, (r%up s/all als% en'%mpass subsur+a'e +la,s ,it/ b%tt%m part
ma:imum = mm +r%m sur+a'e
u " u type +la,s s/all n%t be in'lu*e* in P%D analyses but are in'lu*e* t%
*em%nstrate *ete'ti%n an* re'%(niti%n
Inter run " C1Y4 Inter run +la,s s/all n%t be in'lu*e* in P%D analyses but are in'lu*e* t%
*em%nstrate *ete'ti%n an* re'%(niti%n
luster p%r%sity " C1Y4 luster p%r%sity +la,s s/all be ma*e as small as p%ssible an* t/en in t/e
upper re(i%ns %+ t/e 'r%ss se'ti%n- luster p%r%sity s/all n%t be in'lu*e* in
t/e P%D analyses but are in'lu*e* t% *em%nstrate *ete'ti%n an* re'%(niti%n-
T%tal 6in N% %+ Fla,s 1"" C"HY4 Re+ R%%tIHP '%mment
Y Number %+ *e+e'ts +%r pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T pr%'e*ure )ali*ati%n-
Ta6le E-8 N'$6er !+ "eli6era%e +la1s +!r SAW M (re( 1el"s
efect type group 4o of &laws %omment
U%ne 1 D ap "H CHY4 U%ne 1 D is en'%mpassin( t/e 'r%ss se'ti%n +r%m D 'ap t% t%p %+ P re(i%n-
T/is (r%up s/all in'lu*e sur+a'e brea&in( +la,s an* min 10 sub sur+a'e
+la,s ,it/ b%tt%m part ma:imum = mm +r%m PIr%%t
U%ne " P Cr%%t4 "H CHY4 Fla,s s/all be l%'ate* at t/e 'r%ss penetrati%n in'lu*in( areas ,/ere a s/i+t
in (r%%)e (e%metry is ma*e- Fla,s t% be ma*e %n t/e P. bel%, an* %)er
P
U%ne # ID ap Internal
,el*
"H CHY4 T/is J%ne s/all in'lu*e sur+a'e an* sub sur+a'e +la,s
u " u type +la,s s/all n%t be in'lu*e* in P%D analyses but are in'lu*e* t%
*em%nstrate *ete'ti%n an* re'%(niti%n
luster p%r%sity " C"Y4 luster p%r%sity s/all be in'lu*e* +%r *em%nstrati%n an* re'%(niti%n %nly-
N%t be in'lu*e* in P%D analyses-
T%tal 6in N% %+ Fla,s H1 C"HY4
Y Number %+ *e+e'ts +%r pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T pr%'e*ure )ali*ati%n-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '23
H &** E'ali+ica%i!n %es%ing
&*) T/e testin( *es'ribe* in t/e +%ll%,in( is re2uire* +%r a +ull 2uali+i'ati%n- I+ )ali*ati%n testin( is
per+%rme*. t/e testin( an* *%'umentati%n re2uirements (i)en s/all apply as appli'able t% t/e a'tual testin(
per+%rme*-
&*4 T/e test ,el*s s/all be subGe'te* t% testin( by t/e A8T system-
F%r testin(. a l%, e'/% amplitu*e re'%r*in( t/res/%l* s/all be use*- T/is t/res/%l* s/%ul* be sele'te*
s%me,/at ab%)e t/e n%ise le)el- P%D analysis ,ill *etermine t/e a'tual *ete'ti%n 'apability an* s/all be
e:presse* as t/e smallest *ete'table +la, /ei(/t at H0IH=L P%D at t/e a(ree* rep%rtin( t/res/%l*-
&*8 T/e re+eren'e p%int +%r 'ir'um+erential p%siti%nin( s/all be a /ar* stampe* %n t/e test ,el*s-
&*4 T/e A8T system s/all be set-up. 'alibrate* an* subGe't t% test runs be+%re startin( t/e +%rmal
2uali+i'ati%n-
Repeatability testing
&*# T/e testin( s/all in'lu*e0
1 %ne initial s'an %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& in t/e /%riJ%ntal C=34 p%siti%n
1 minimum 10 s'ans %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4 ,it/ t/e 'entre %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4 in t/e 1" %N'l%'&
an* > %N'l%'& p%siti%ns
1 i+ rele)ant +%r t/e appli'ati%n %+ t/e A8T system. series %+ # '%nse'uti)e s'ans s/all be repeate* ,it/ t/e
'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4 in t/e )erti'al C"34 p%siti%n an*I%r in t/e ;=j C>34 p%siti%n-
1 minimum # s'ans %+ a *e+e'ti)e ,el* ,it/ t/e ban* %++set 1 mm t% t/e DS si*e
1 minimum # s'ans %+ a *e+e'ti)e ,el* ,it/ t/e ban* %++set 1 mm t% t/e 8S si*e
1 T/e *e+e'ti)e ,el* sele'te* +%r t/e ban* %++set s'ans s/all in'lu*e at least > *e+e'ts. an* '%ntain at least 1
*e+e't in ea'/ t/e 'ap. r%%t an* +ill areas-
&*5 All s'ans s/all be (i)en a uni2ue number an* t/e *%'umentati%n %+ t/e test s'ans s/all in'lu*e0
1 /ar* '%py an* ele'tr%ni' %utput %+ all s'ans
1 a table +%r repeatability test s'ans s/%,in( +%r ea'/ s'an t/e ma:imum amplitu*e resp%nse %+ ea'/
trans*u'er t% its *e*i'ate* 'alibrati%n re+le't%r an* t/e *e)iati%n +%r ea'/ s'an +r%m t/e initial 'alibrati%n
s'an-
Temperature sensitivity testing
&*& Typi'al test ,el*s '%ntainin( at least > 'learly i*enti+iable an* *istin't A8T in*i'ati%ns ea'/ s/all be
use* +%r s'annin( ,it/ t/e pipe a:is in t/e /%riJ%ntal p%siti%n-
T/e test ,el*s s/all a+ter t/e initial s'ans be /eate* t% t/e ele)ate* temperature e:pe'te* *urin( +iel* ,%r& an*
maintaine* at t/is temperature *urin( s'annin(- T/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4 s/all be &ept at en)ir%nmental
temperature %r be /eate* t% an a(ree* temperature an* maintaine* at t/is temperature *urin( s'annin(-
Ta6le E-4 N'$6er !+ "eli6era%e +la1s +!r SMAWHFCAW D (re( 1el"s
efect type group 4o of &laws %omment
R%%t "H CHY4 T/is (r%up s/all in'lu*e +la,s e:ten*in( int% HP
Fill "H CHY4 T/is (r%up assumes la'& %+ si*e ,all +usi%n %r sla( entrapment l%'ate* %n
be)elI,el* metal transiti%n
ap "H CHY4 T/is +la, (r%up s/all als% en'%mpass subsur+a'e +la,s ,it/ b%tt%m part
ma:imum = mm +r%m sur+a'e
u " u type +la,s s/all n%t be in'lu*e* in P%D analyses but are in'lu*e* t%
*em%nstrate *ete'ti%n an* re'%(niti%n
Sla(IIn'lusi%n ,el*
'entre line
; C1Y4 Fla,s t% be l%'ate* at t/e ,el* 'entreline- N%t t% be in'lu*e* +%r POD
analyses but +%r *em%nstrati%n %+ *ete'ti%n an* re'%(niti%n-
Inter run COnly i+
*eeme* rele)ant +%r
,el* pr%'ess4
" Inter run +la,s s/all n%t be in'lu*e* in t/e POD analyses but are in'lu*e*
t% *em%nstrate *ete'ti%n an* re'%(niti%n-
luster p%r%sity " C1Y4 luster p%r%sity s/all be ma*e as small as p%ssible an* t/en in t/e upper
part %+ t/e 'r%ss se'ti%n- luster p%r%sity s/all n%t be in'lu*e* in t/e P%D
analyses. but are in'lu*e* t% *em%nstrate *ete'ti%n an* re'%(niti%n-
T%tal 6in N% %+ Fla,s H1 C"HY4
Y Number %+ *e+e'ts +%r pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T pr%'e*ure )ali*ati%n-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '24
T/e testin( s/all in'lu*e0
1 %ne initial s'an %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&
1 %ne initial s'an %+ t/e n%n-/eate* ,el*
1 %ne s'an %+ t/e /eate* test ,el* imme*iately +%ll%,e* by a s'an %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4
1 ,it/in = minutes repeat %ne s'an %+ t/e /eate* test ,el* imme*iately +%ll%,e* by a s'an %+ t/e 'alibrati%n
bl%'&Cs4- Repeat t/is se2uen'e +%r at least 1= 'y'les-
I+ t/e A8T system s/%,s una''eptable temperature sensiti)ity t/e test 'an be repeate* ,it/ a(ree* *i++erent
test '%n*iti%ns-
&*2 All s'ans s/all be (i)en a uni2ue number an* t/e *%'umentati%n %+ t/e test s'ans s/all in'lu*e0
1 /ar* '%py an* ele'tr%ni' %utput %+ all s'ans
1 a table +%r t/e temperature sensiti)ity test s'ans s/%,in( t/e ma:imum amplitu*e resp%nse +%r ea'/
i*enti+ie* in*i'ati%n +%r ea'/ s'an-
etection ability and si,ing accuracy testing
&*: T/e test ,el*s s/all be s'anne* ,it/ t/e pipe a:is /%riJ%ntal- I+ t/e A8T system s/all be 2uali+ie* +%r
s'annin( ,it/ t/e pipe a:is )erti'al. t/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* in t/is p%siti%n %nly %r in b%t/ p%siti%ns-
T/e s'annin( *ire'ti%ns i*enti+ie* as 'l%'&,ise %r '%unter 'l%'&,ise C@ %r @4 s/all be /ar* stampe* %n
t/e test ,el*- T/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& s/all be in t/e least +a)%urable p%siti%n as *etermine* by t/e repeatability
testin(- See H<0=- T/e ,el*s s/all be s'anne* an* all in*i'ati%ns ab%)e *e+ine* t/res/%l*s s/all be e)aluate*-
T/e testin( s/all in'lu*e0
1 %ne initial s'an %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&
1 %ne s'an %+ t/e test ,el* in t/e @ *ire'ti%n
1 %ne s'an %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4
1 %ne s'an %+ t/e test ,el* in t/e @ *ire'ti%n
1 %ne s'an %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4
1 assessment an* siJin( %+ in*i'ati%ns-
1 S'ans per+%rme* by se)eral teams %+ %perat%rs s/all be present in t/e +inal *ata material +r%m t/e reliability
trials- It is re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e +ull test pr%(ramme *es'ribe* ab%)e s/%ul* be per+%rme* t,i'e. ,it/ t,%
in*epen*ent sets %+ %perat%rs-
&)* All s'ans s/all be (i)en a uni2ue number in*i'atin( ,el* number. t/e s'an se2uen'e an* t/e s'annin(
*ire'ti%n an* t/e *%'umentati%n %+ t/e test s'ans s/all in'lu*e0
a4 /ar* '%py an* ele'tr%ni' %utput %+ all s'ans
b4 *e+e'tIin*i'ati%n number ,it/ re+eren'e t% siJin( met/%* an* +%r ea'/ *e+e'tIin*i'ati%n t/e *imensi%ns0
1 'ir'um+erential p%siti%n
1 len(t/
1 /ei(/t
1 *ept/ t% b%tt%m %+ in*i'ati%n
1 trans)erse l%'ati%n %+ *e+e'tsIin*i'ati%ns C8S. DS. Central44
1 ma:imum amplitu*e +%r ea'/ s'an an* )ariati%ns in ma:imum amplitu*e bet,een s'ans
1 main A8T J%ne
1 *e+e't type-
It may +urt/er be re2uire* t% rep%rt /ei(/t. l%'ati%n. *ept/ an* e'/% amplitu*e at 'ertain a**iti%nal l%'al *e+e't
p%siti%ns Csee als% H>0#4-
In a**iti%n t/e +%ll%,in( in+%rmati%n s/all be pr%)i*e*0
1 ,el* i*enti+i'ati%n
1 pipe material
1 pipe t/i'&nessI*iameter
1 ,el*in( met/%*
1 (r%%)e (e%metry
1 'alibrati%n bl%'& *%'umentati%n-
;erification of coupling alarm settings
&)) S'ans s/all be per+%rme* %n *i++erent test ,el*s- T/e '%uplant +l%, s/all be re*u'e* an* t/e sur+a'e
,ipe* *ry bet,een s'ans until t/e '%uplin( alarm le)elI'%uplin( m%nit%r '/annels in*i'ates l%ss %+ return
si(nal- T/e le)el at ,/i'/ t/e '%uplin( alarmI '%uplin( m%nit%r '/annels in*i'ates l%ss %+ return si(nal s/all
be re'%r*e*- T/e +inal le)el +%r '%uplin( alarm I'%uplin( m%nit%r '/annels settin(s s/all be at least ; *! l%,er
t/an t/e re'%r*e* )alue-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '25
H 2** Re+erence "es%r'c%i-e %es%ing
2*) T/e rep%rts +r%m t/e A8T 2uali+i'ati%n testin( s/all be )ali*ate* +%r a''ura'y in t/e *eterminati%n %+
*e+e't 'ir'um+erential p%siti%n. len(t/. /ei(/t an* *ept/ by re+eren'e *estru'ti)e testin(-
2*4 T/e testin( s/all be by 'r%ss-se'ti%nin(. pre+erably by t/e Ssalami met/%*T. by ma&in( m%re 'r%ss-
se'ti%ns ar%un* ea'/ l%'ati%n '/%sen- T/e *e+e'ts as rep%rte* in t/e A8T rep%rts s/all be use* ,/en sele'tin(
t/e areas +%r 'r%ss se'ti%nin(-
In a**iti%n. l%'ati%ns ,/ere t/e A8T s/%,s in*i'ati%ns near t/e a(ree* rep%rtin( t/res/%l* le)el. l%'ati%ns
,/ere in*i'ati%ns are i*enti+ie* by t/e supplementary NDT Csee H>0=4. l%'ati%ns ,/ere intenti%nally in*u'e*
*e+e'ts ,as planne* but n%t rep%rte* an* ran*%mly '/%sen l%'ati%ns s/all be in'lu*e*-
2*8 6ar&-up %+ ,el*s s/%ul* be per+%rme* usin( t/e A8T s'anner- Ea'/ p%siti%n +%r a 'r%ss se'ti%n s/%ul*
pre+erably be /ar* stampe* 'l%se t% t/e ,el* 'ap. '%nsistently at t/e same si*e C8S %r DS4 +%r t/e ,/%le ,el*-
r%ss se'ti%n in*i'ati%n number an* 'l%'&,ise s'annin( p%siti%n s/%ul* be /ar* stampe* +%r ea'/ p%siti%n-
2*4 T/e 'r%ss se'ti%ns s/all be re+eren'e* t% an* )ali*ate* a(ainst t/e re'%r*in( '/art p%siti%ns-
2*# T/e ,el* se'ti%ns '%ntainin( *e+e'ts s/all be ma'/ine* in in'rements %+ ma:imum "-0 mm- Ea'/
ma'/ine* 'r%ss se'ti%n %+ t/e ,el* s/all be p%lis/e* ,it/ F00 (rit an* et'/e* an* t/e *e+e't l%'ati%n. /ei(/t
an* *ept/ measure* ,it/ a''ura'y better t/an 0-1 mm-
2*5 Ea'/ 'r%ss se'ti%n s/all be *%'umente* by a p/%t%(rap/ ,it/ = - 10: ma(ni+i'ati%n. an* t/e p/%t%(rap/
s/all in'lu*e0
1 @el* number
1 Spe'imen number
1 De+e'tIin*i'ati%n number
1 ir'um+erential p%siti%n
1 8S an* DS si*e %+ t/e ,el*
1 A millimetre re+eren'e s'ale-
2*& T/e e:tent %+ ma'r% se'ti%nin( s/all in'lu*e0
1 F%r *eterminati%n %+ *ete'ti%n an* siJin( 'apabilities t/e p%siti%n %+ a 'learly *e+ine* l%'al %r t%tal
ma:imum /ei(/t %+ t/e *e+e't. as *e+ine* by A8T. s/all be sele'te* +%r SsalamiT 'r%ss se'ti%nin(-
1 Areas ,/ere t/e A8T s/%,s in*i'ati%ns near %r bel%, t/e a(ree* rep%rtin( t/res/%l* le)el s/all be sele'te*
+%r se'ti%nin(-
1 Areas ,it/ sin(le *e+e't in*i'ati%ns at ,el* be)el s/%ul* be pre+erre* as 'r%ss se'ti%n p%siti%ns- Sta'&e*
*e+e'ts s/%ul* be a)%i*e*-
1 Areas %+ uni+%rm *e+e't /ei(/t s/%ul* be t/e pre+erre* p%siti%ns +%r 'r%ss se'ti%nin(-
1 De+e'ts +r%m ea'/ %+ t/e main *e+e't (r%ups a''%r*in( t% Tables E1-E# Ci-e- r%%t. +ill. 'ap. )%lumetri'4 s/all
be ma'r% se'ti%ne* at en*s +%r len(t/ siJin( a''ura'y e)aluati%n- 6a'r% se'ti%nin( s/all start at least = mm
+r%m ea'/ en* %+ t/e *e+e't as *e+ine* by A8T an* t/e appli'able re'%r*in( t/res/%l*. an* '%ntinue until
n% in*i'ati%n %+ t/e *e+e't 'an be +%un* at t/e ma'r%-
1 I+ t/e supplementary NDT in*i'ates presen'e %+ *e+e'ts n%t i*enti+ie* in t/e A8T rep%rts. t/ese areas s/all
als% be sele'te* +%r se'ti%nin(-
1 Areas ,it/%ut any %bser)ati%ns +r%m supplementary NDE %r A8T s/all be ran*%mly subGe't t% se'ti%nin(-
I+ I8T /as been per+%rme* t/is re2uirement 'an be %mitte*-
H :** Anal7sis
Repeatability
:*) T/e *ata +r%m t/e repeatability test pr%(ramme s/all be analyse* ,it/ respe't t% system repeatability an*
stability- T/e ma:imum *e)iati%ns in amplitu*e +r%m ea'/ re+eren'e re+le't%r bet,een t/e initial s'an an*0
1 t/e s'ans per+%rme* ,it/ ea'/ 'alibrati%n bl%'& p%siti%n
1 t/e s'ans per+%rme* ,it/ t/e ban* %++set
1 t/e s'ans per+%rme* ,it/ rem%)al an* resettin( %+ t/e ban*-
s/all be *etermine*-
T/e a''eptable )ariati%n in amplitu*e %n repeate* 'alibrati%n bl%'& s'ans is [ " *!- F%r ban* %++set s'ans %n
*e+e'ti)e ,el*s. t/e )ariati%ns in siJe* *e+e't /ei(/ts s/all n%t e:'ee* t/e siJin( a''ura'y establis/e* *urin(
t/e 2uali+i'ati%n-
Temperature sensitivity
:*4 T/e *ata +r%m t/e temperature sensiti)ity test pr%(ramme s/all be analyse* ,it/ respe't t% t/e in+luen'e
%+ temperature buil*-up in t/e trans*u'ers %)er time- T/e ma:imum )ariati%ns in amplitu*e +r%m ea'/ sele'te*
in*i'ati%n bet,een t/e initial s'an an* t/e s'ans per+%rme* ,it/ /eate* test ,el* an* ,it/ %r ,it/%ut %r /eate*
'alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all be *etermine*-
!ase* up%n an a''eptable )ariati%n in amplitu*e %+ [ " *! %r in /ei(/t siJin( n%t e:'ee*in( t/e siJin( a''ura'y
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '26
*eri)e* at t/e analysis *es'ribe* in para(rap/ HH0#. t/e analysis s/all *etermine t/e0
1 a''eptable ma:imum temperature %+ ,el*s
1 t/e sum %+ trans*u'er ina'ti)e time %n ,el* an* s'annin( time
1 t/e minimum time bet,een s'annin( %+ /%t ,el*s
1 t/e ma:imum temperature *i++eren'e bet,een ,el* an* 'alibrati%n bl%'&-
etection ability and si,ing accuracy
:*8 T/e *ata re'%r*e* *urin( t/e tests an* re+eren'e in)esti(ati%ns s/all be analyse* ,it/ respe't t%0
1 a''ura'y in /ei(/t siJin( Cran*%m an* systemati' *e)iati%n. an* =L +ra'tile4
1 a''ura'y in len(t/ siJin(
1 a''ura'y in 'ir'um+erential p%siti%nin( I l%'ati%n
1 A8T *e+e't '/ara'terisati%n abilities '%mpare* t% t/e results %+ t/e *estru'ti)e tests an* t/e %t/er NDT per+%rme*
1 as rele)ant. *eterminati%n %+ P%DIP%R )alues %r 'ur)es +%r *i++erent assume* e'/% amplitu*e %r %t/er
empl%ye* t/res/%l* settin(s t% *etermine t/e t/res/%l* t% be use* *urin( e:aminati%n-
:*4 T/e analysis s/all be per+%rme* by re'%(nise* an* appli'able statisti'al met/%*s. e-(- a''%r*in( t%
N%r*test NT Te'/n- Rep%rt #H; C3ui*elines +%r NDE Reliability Determinati%n an* Des'ripti%n. Appr%)e*
1HHF-0;4- T/e %missi%n %+ any rep%rte* in*i'ati%n in t/e analysis s/all be Gusti+ie*-
H )*** Re(!r%ing
)**) A 2uali+i'ati%n rep%rt s/all as a minimum '%ntain0
1 a te'/ni'al *%'umentati%n %+ t/e A8T system
1 %ut'%me %+ t/e te'/ni'al e)aluati%n %+ t/e A8T system a''%r*in( t% t/is Appen*i:
1 *es'ripti%n %+ t/e spe'imens an* tests per+%rme*. in'lu*in( sensiti)ities use*
1 *e+initi%ns %+ t/e essential )ariables Csee I"004 +%r t/e ,el*s an* e2uipment use* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n
testin(
1 *ata re'%r*e* +%r ea'/ *e+e't an* ea'/ *e+e't 'r%ss-se'ti%n CsiJes. l%'ati%ns. types. measure* an*
*etermine* *urin( re+eren'e in)esti(ati%n. e'/% amplitu*es4
1 %ut'%me %+ t/e analysis %+ *ata CHH004
1 '%n'lusi%n %+ t/e 2uali+i'ati%n-
;. 9r!Aec% S(eci+ic AUT 9r!ce"'re Dali"a%i!n
; )** Sc!(e
)*) Pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T pr%'e*ure )ali*ati%n s/all be per+%rme* in %r*er t% *em%nstrate t/at t/e pr%Ge't
spe'i+i' A8T pr%'e*ure 'an a''%mplis/ t/e 2uali+ie* per+%rman'e 'apabilities- T/e pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T
)ali*ati%n s/all n%rmally %nly '%mprise t/e reliability aspe'ts pr%)i*e* t/at all essential )ariables remain
,it/in reas%n e2ui)alent t% ,/at /as been 2uali+ie*- T/e reliability aspe't s/all n%t in'lu*e any ne, P%D
analysis-
T/e )ali*ati%n s'%pe s/all '%mprise ,el*s ,it/ at least "H *eliberately in*u'e* *e+e'ts A re*u'e* s'%pe %+
)ali*ati%n may be a(ree* +%r ,el*s e:p%se* t% n%minal strains M 0-;L. but s/all '%mprise at least 1" *e+e'ts.
in'lu*in( " %bser)ati%ns +%r ea'/ (r%up Cr%%t. +ill. 'ap an* )%lumetri'4-
A pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T pr%'e*ure )ali*ati%n s/all '%nsist %+ t/e +%ll%,in( minimum a'ti)ities0
1 Re)ie, %+ pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T pr%'e*ure in'lu*in( any pertainin( ITP. 'al bl%'& *esi(n rep%rts C@PS4.
A8T set up +iles an* pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T a''eptan'e 'riteria in'lu*in( supp%rtin( EA %r +ati(ue rep%rts-
1 A '%mplian'e assessment %+ t/e pr%p%se* pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T pr%'e*ure an* A8T system 2uali+i'ati%n
results an* pre re2uisites-
1 Veri+i'ati%n %+ /ar*,are an* s%+t,are in'lu*in( 'alibrati%n bl%'& +abri'ati%n t%leran'es-
1 Veri+i'ati%n %+ A8T set up %n rele)ant 'alibrati%n bl%'&-
1 Re)ie, *eliberately in*u'e* *e+e't ,el* plan an* )eri+y t/at ,el*s are ma*e ,it/ rele)ant pr%'ess an*
(e%metries-
1 Per+%rm supplementary NDT as per 'lause H>0=-
1 Per+%rm A8T inspe'ti%n %n *eliberately in*u'e* *e+e't ,el*s
1 Per+%rm ,el* e)aluati%n at rele)ant interpretati%nIrep%rtin( t/res/%l*. rep%rt *e+e't /ei(/t. *ept/ an* len(t/-
1 Sele't minimum "H ultras%ni'ally in*epen*ent areas +%r ma'r% )ali*ati%n testin( an* per+%rm ma'r%
se'ti%nin( an* rep%rtin(-
; 4** Assess$en%
4*) T/e per+%rman'e re2uirement i-e A8T system 'apabilities in terms %+ P%D an* siJin( a''ura'y s/all be
)eri+ie* a*e2uate in relati%n t% t/e smallest all%,able ,el* *e+e't permitte* by eit/er EAI+ati(ue analysis
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '3%
*eri)e* a''eptan'e 'riteria %r %t/er 2uality stan*ar* *es'ripti%n- I+ t/e A8T system per+%rman'e results as
'%n'lu*e* in t/e A8T system 2uali+i'ati%n are n%t in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e pr%Ge't spe'i+i' *eman*s t/en t/is
situati%n s/all lea* t% a ne, 2uali+i'ati%n as per t/is *%'ument-
T/e pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T pr%'e*ure s/all be )eri+ie* a(ainst t/e )ali*ity ran(e an* pre re2uisites state* in t/e
A8T system 5uali+i'ati%n- Reas%nable Gu*(ment s/all be ma*e t% min%r )ariati%ns n%t *eeme* t% impa't %n
P%D an* SiJin(-
A8T e2uipment in'lu*in( s'anner me'/ani's. pr%beItrans*u'er arraysItypes an* pulser type s/all be
essentially e2ui)alent as use* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n- S%+t,are up(ra*es n%t impa'tin( %n *ata '%lle'ti%n %r
si(nal pr%'essin( are permitte*- /an(es s/all be *%'umente*-
T/e pr%p%se* A8T set up s/all be )eri+ie* %n t/e pr%Ge't spe'i+i' 'alibrati%n bl%'&- 8ltras%ni' resp%nses +r%m
re+le't%rs s/all be a'/ie)e* in an e2ui)alent manner as empl%ye* *urin( A8T system 2uali+i'ati%n-
T/e number %+ test ,el*s '%ntainin( *eliberately in*u'e* *e+e'ts s/all be su++i'ient t% ensure t/at a minimum
%+ "H representati)e *e+e'ts *istribute* as per tables E1. E" an* E# 'an be %btaine*- T/e *e+e'ts s/all e:/ibit
*imensi%ns %n %r 'l%se t% t/e smallest all%,able *e+e't as per t/e pr%Ge't spe'i+i' a''eptan'e 'riteria-
Per+%rman'e %+ t/e A8T s'annin( s/all be '%n*u'te* at ambient temperature unless %t/er,ise a(ree* an* at
pr%Ge't spe'i+i' rep%rtin( t/res/%l* in '%mplian'e ,it/ pre re2uisites (i)en by t/e A8T system 5uali+i'ati%n
rep%rt- S'annin( s/all be per+%rme* ,it/ n%minal ban* settin( unless %t/er,ise a(ree*- Re)erse s'annin( s/all
be per+%rme* unless %t/er,ise a(ree*- All rele)ant A8T in*i'ati%ns e:'ee*in( n%ise le)el s/all be rep%rte* %n
a suitable +%rmat '%ntainin( all rele)ant si(nal in+%rmati%n-
A minimum %+ "H ultras%ni'ally in*epen*ent l%'ati%ns s/all be sele'te* +%r )ali*ati%n testin( by ma'r%
se'ti%nin( in a''%r*an'e t% se'ti%n = %+ t/is *%'ument- T/e sele'ti%n 'riteria s/all be as +%ll%,s0
De+e't in*i'ati%ns e:/ibitin( *imensi%ns e2ui)alent %r lar(er t/an t/e A8T system P%D but smaller %r
e2ui)alent t% t/e pr%Ge't spe'i+i' smallest all%,able *e+e't as i*enti+ie* in t/e pr%Ge't spe'i+i' a''eptan'e
'riteria a*Guste* +%r siJin( a''ura'y-
One )%lumetri' in*i'ati%n s/all be in'lu*e* +%r )eri+i'ati%n-
A summary rep%rt '%ntainin( all '%lle'te* *ata s/all be prepare* an* a '%mparis%n bet,een supplementary
NDT. A8T an* ma'r% se'ti%n *ata s/all be ma*e- E)aluati%n %+ siJin( a''ura'y a''%r*in( t% 'lause H#0" s/all
be per+%rme*-
T/e purp%se %+ t/e )ali*ati%n is n%t t% per+%rm a P%D analysis but t% )eri+y t/at t/e pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T
pr%'e*ure 'apability is a*e2uate +%r *ete'ti%n %+ t/e smallest pr%Ge't spe'i+i' 'riti'al *e+e't- T/is is %btaine*
by *em%nstratin( *ete'ti%n %+ all "H *e+e'ts an* t/at t/ese "H *e+e'ts /as been siJe* an* p%siti%ne* ,it/in t/e
2uali+ie* a''ura'y- I+ t/is is a'/ie)e*. t/e pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T pr%'e*ure is )ali*ate* an* s/all be a''epte*-
>. Dali"i%7 !+ E'ali+ica%i!n
> )** Dali"i%7
)*) A 2uali+i'ati%n is A8T system. ,el* met/%* an* (r%%)e (e%metry spe'i+i'-
8p%n su''ess+ul '%mpleti%n %+ t/e 2uali+i'ati%n s'%pe it is assume* t/at t/e A8T system ,ill remain 2uali+ie*
,it/in t/e ran(e %+ 2uali+i'ati%n +%r an in+inite time peri%* pr%)i*e* t/at t/e A8T system remains )irtually
un'/an(e*. i-e- ,it/ n% '/an(es t/at are Gu*(e* t% /a)e an impa't %n t/e per+%rman'e parameters-
> 4** Essen%ial -aria6les
4*) T/e +%ll%,in( essential )ariables apply0
1 ,el*in( met/%* an* (r%%)e (e%metry Cin'lu*in( repair ,el*s. i+ rele)ant4
1 r%%t an* 'ap trans*u'er set-up
1 ,all t/i'&ness C,all t/i'&ness )ariati%n re2uirin( any '/an(e in +%'al la, set up. a**in( %r rem%)in( le(s-
1 *iameter C*iameter )ariati%n re2uirin( trans*u'er 'ur)ature ,/i'/ may impa't %n len(t/ a''ura'y- Systems
2uali+ie* %n sample lar(er t/an 1"T may n%t be rea*ily 2uali+ie* %n smaller *iameter- !eam pr%+ile an*
e++e't %+ trans*u'er 'ur)ature s/all be *etermine*-
1 base material an* ,el*in( '%nsumables CT/e *istin'ti%n is ma*e %n materials ,it/ substantially *i++eren'es
in ultras%ni' resp%nse. +%r instan'e bet,een 6n. 1#L r. *uple: %r austeniti' steels-4
1 trans*u'er set-up +%r %t/er '/annels Ct/e number %+ t/ese '/annels may be in'rease* %r *e'rease* t%
a''%mm%*ate '/an(es in ,all t/i'&ness pr%)i*e* t/ere are n% set-up '/an(es4
1 +%'al la,s
1 re+eren'e re+le't%rs
1 ,%r&in( temperature ran(e
1 system. *ata a'2uisiti%n an* *ata treatment
1 s%+t,are )ersi%n Ce:'ept '/an(es a++e'tin( )ie,in(. *isplay %r bu(-+i:in( %nly4-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '3$
4*4 /an(es in t/e essential )ariables +%r an e:istin( 2uali+ie* system ,ill re2uire )ali*ati%n trials %+ t/e
m%*i+ie* system. in %r*er t% *em%nstrate )ali*ity %+ t/e 2uali+i'ati%n results- Vali*ati%n trials s/all be a''%r*in(
t% DNV-RP-F11F-
?. De%er$ina%i!n !+ Wa-e Del!ci%ies in 9i(e S%eels
? )** General
)*) T/e pr%'e*ure *e+ine* '%)ers met/%*s t/at may be use* t% *etermine a'%usti' )el%'ity %+ ultras%ni'
,a)es in linepipe steels- E2ui)alent met/%*s may be use* subGe't t% a(reement-
Binepipe use* in %il an* natural (as transmissi%n e:/ibit )aryin( *e(rees %+ anis%tr%py ,it/ )aryin( a'%usti'
)el%'ities *epen*in( %n t/e pr%pa(ati%n *ire'ti%n ,it/ resultant '/an(es in t/e re+ra'te* an(le %+ t/e s%un* in t/e
steel- T/is is espe'ially 'riti'al ,/ere +%'use* beams are use* +%r J%nal *is'riminati%n- It is t/us re2uire* t%
*etermine t/e ultras%ni' s/ear %r l%n(itu*inal Cas appr%priate4 ,a)e )el%'ity +%r pr%pa(ati%n in *i++erent *ire'ti%ns-
? 4** E<'i($en%
4*) T% *etermine t/e ,a)e )el%'ity Cs/ear %r '%mpressi%n4 *ire'ti%nal *epen*en'y an ultras%ni' ,a)e
trans*u'er %+ t/e same +re2uen'y use* in t/e inspe'ti%n ,it/ a 'rystal *iameter %+ > - 10 mm s/%ul* be use* in
'%mbinati%n ,it/ an ultras%ni' apparatus ,it/ ban*,i*t/ at least up t% 10 6HJ an* a re'%mmen*e* 'apability
%+ measurin( ultras%ni' pulse transit times ,it/ a res%luti%n %+ 10 ns an* an a''ura'y %+ "= ns- De)i'es +%r
measurin( me'/ani'al *imensi%n %+ t/e spe'imens s/%ul* /a)e a re'%mmen*e* a''ura'y %+ 0-1 mm- As
'%uplant an easily rem%)able (lue %r spe'ial /i(/ )is'%sity s/ear %r '%mpressi%n ,a)e '%uplant Cas
appr%priate4 is re'%mmen*e*-
? 8** S(eci$ens
8*) A spe'imen is 'ut +r%m a se'ti%n %+ pipe t% be teste* an* t/e '%rresp%n*in( results are spe'i+i' +%r a parti'ular
pipe *iameter. ,all t/i'&ness an* manu+a'turer- Spe'imen *imensi%ns s/%ul* be a minimum %+ =0 =0 mm-
A similar arran(ement 'an als% be use* +%r measurin( )el%'ities in a plane n%rmal t% pipe a:is-
Fig're )
Tes% s(eci$en an" %rans"'cer (lace$en%
A minimum %+ t/ree parallel sur+a'es are ma'/ine* +%r t/e plane t% be e)aluate*O %ne pair %+ sur+a'es is ma*e
in t/e ra*ial *ire'ti%n Cperpen*i'ular t% t/e D sur+a'e4 an* t/e %t/er pair ma*e "0] +r%m t/e perpen*i'ular t% t/e
D sur+a'e. see Fi(ure 1- A**iti%nal pairs %+ parallel sur+a'es may be ma'/ine* at %t/er an(les in t/e plane t%
be e)aluate* i+ m%re *ata p%ints are *esire*-
T/e ma'/ine* sur+a'es s/%ul* be sm%%t/ t% a "0 m +inis/ %r better- 6inimum ,i*t/ %+ t/e spe'imen sur+a'e
t% be measure* s/%ul* be "0 mm an* t/e minimum t/i'&ness bet,een t/e parallel sur+a'es t% be measure*
s/%ul* be 10 mm- Verti'al e:tent %+ t/e test sur+a'e ,ill be limite* by t/e pipe ,all t/i'&ness-
? 4** Tes% $e%h!"
4*) 8sin( t/e ma'/ine* sl%ts as re+le't%rs +%r t/e ,a)e pulses ,it/ t/e trans*u'er in t/e appr%priate p%siti%ns
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '3&
an* measurin( t/e pulse transit times *etermines t%(et/er ,it/ t/e me'/ani'ally measure* pulse tra)ellin(
*istan'es t/e ,a)e )el%'ities in t/e a:ial an* "0] *ire'ti%n CFi(ure 14-
A similar measurement in t/e t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness *ire'ti%n *etermines t/e ra*ial )el%'ity- Pulse transit times
s/all be measure* bet,een t/e +%re+r%nt parts %+ 1
st
an* "
n*
ba'& ,all e'/%. %r. alternati)ely. usin( m%re
multiple e'/%es-
A minimum %+ t/ree rea*in(s s/all be ma*e +%r ea'/ plane in ,/i'/ testin( s/all be *%ne-
? #** Acc'rac7
Err%rs in )el%'ity *eterminati%n s/all n%t be (reater t/an "0 mIs-
? 5** Rec!r"ing
Values +%r t/e )el%'ities *etermine* 'an be tabulate* an* (rap/e*- !y pl%ttin( )el%'ities %n a t,% *imensi%nal
p%lar (rap/ +%r a sin(le plane. )el%'ities at an(les %t/er t/an t/%se ma*e *ire'tly 'an be estimate*-
T/e e++e't %+ temperature %n )el%'ity 'an be si(ni+i'ant un*er e:treme test '%n*iti%nsO t/ere+%re t/e
temperature at ,/i'/ t/ese rea*in(s /a)e been ma*e s/%ul* als% be re'%r*e*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.# /eAuirements for !hore *pproach and nshore !ections - 0age '3'
A99END;M F
REEU;REMENTS FOR SHORE A99ROACH AND ONSHORE SECT;ONS
A. A((lica%i!n
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/e %bGe'ti)e %+ t/is appen*i: is t% pr%)i*e t/e '%mplementary re2uirements t% t/e %ns/%re part %+ t/e
submarine pipeline system '%mpliant ,it/ t/e sa+ety p/il%s%p/y +%r t/e %++s/%re part- T/is appen*i: spe'i+ies
t/e re2uirements +%r *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n an* %perati%n %+ parts %+ pipeline systems (%in( %ns/%re-
T/is appen*i: is meant t% ease t/e pr%Ge't e:e'uti%n %+ submarine pipeline *e)el%pments ,/ere parts are (%in(
%ns/%re-
G'i"ance n!%eF
A submarine pipeline system is *e+ine* t% en* at ,el* bey%n* t/e +irst +lan(eI)al)e %ns/%re %r t% t/e pi((in( terminal-
T/is implies t/at a. s%metimes si(ni+i'ant. part %+ t/e pipeline system 'an be l%'ate* %ns/%re- T/is part %+ t/e pipeline
system may /a)e *i++erent le(islati%ns. +ailure m%*es an* +ailure '%nse2uen'es '%mpare* t% t/e submarine part-
T/e e:a't limit %+ t/e submarine pipeline system at t/e %ns/%re en* may *i++er +r%m t/is *e+initi%n /erein base* %n
*i++erent statut%ry re(ulati%ns ,/i'/ may (%)ern-
Ons/%re '%*es may als% ta&e pre'e*en'e %+ t/is part *ue t% le(islati%n aspe'ts-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*4 T/e appen*i: als% '%)ers re2uirements t% s/%re appr%a'/-
A 4** Sc!(e an" li$i%a%i!n
4*) T/e limitati%ns +%un* in Se'-1 A#00 are in (eneral als% appli'able +%r t/is Appen*i:-
4*4 T/e %ns/%re se'ti%n is limite* by t/e *e+initi%n %+ submarine pipeline system-
4*8 T/is appen*i: *%es n%t '%)er re(ular %ns/%re pipelines. i-e- pipelines startin( an* en*in( %ns/%re n%t
/a)in( any submarine parts- Ri)er 'r%ssin(s %r 'r%ssin( %+ +res/ ,ater la&es are n%t '%nsi*ere* as submarine
se'ti%ns-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/is appen*i: is n%t meant t% repla'e 'urrent in*ustry pra'ti'e %ns/%re '%*es %r any nati%nal re2uirements-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 Spe'i+i' re2uirements +%r t/e %ns/%re parts (i)en in t/is appen*i: %)errule re2uirements (i)en else,/ere
in t/e stan*ar*-
A 8** O%her c!"es
8*) T/is Appen*i: is +ully ali(ne* ,it/ t/e re2uirements (i)en in ISO 1#>"#
G'i"ance n!%eF
ISO 1#>"# re2uires a spe'i+i' utilisati%n +%r lan*+all- A''%r*in( t% t/is '%*e t/e assessment %+ ris& ,ill '%nstitute
sele'ti%n %+ sa+ety 'lass +%r ea'/ spe'i+i' pipeline an* pipeline se'ti%ns- T/e sa+ety 'lass 'lassi+i'ati%n +%r a lan*+all
,ill n%rmally (i)e t/e same utilisati%n as re2uire* by ISO 1#>"# /%,e)er t/is *%es n%t al,ays nee* t% be t/e 'ase-
T/is implies t/at t/e utilisati%n in lan*+all may *i++er +r%m t/e ISO 1#>"# re2uirements an* 'are s/%ul* be ta&en ,/en
statin( '%mplian'e ,it/ ISO 1#>"# +%r a spe'i+i' pipeline *e)el%pment-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*4 Ons/%re pipelines are n%rmally re(ulate* by nati%nal re(ulati%ns an* '%)er a ,i*e ran(e %+ areas +r%m
publi' sa+ety. tra++i' an* r%a*s. ,ater ,ays. en)ir%nmental impa't. et'- S%me %+ t/ese re(ulati%ns may be
stri'ter t/an t/e re2uirements (i)en in t/is '%*e an* 'are s/all be e:er'ise* ,/en assurin( '%mplian'e ,it/
*i++erent nati%nal re(ulati%ns-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.# /eAuirements for !hore *pproach and nshore !ections - 0age '31
Fig're )
Ma,i$'$ a((lica%i!n e,%en% !+ OS-F)*) 1i%h A((en"i, F
A 4** De+ini%i!ns
4*) -attery limit - t/e limit at ,/i'/ t/e s'%pe %+ ,%r& en*s- T/e battery limit 'an be *i++erent +%r *esi(ner.
installati%n '%ntra't%r. )eri+ier an* %perat%rs- N%rmally *e+ine* at as Qin'lu*in(N %r Qup t%N a 'ertain ,el*-
4*4 %ode brea. - t/e e:a't p%int at ,/i'/ t/e *esi(n '%*e '/an(e* +r%m submarine t% %ns/%re '%*e-
N%rmally *e+ine* at as Qin'lu*in(N %r Qup t%N a 'ertain ,el*- T/is is %+ten *e+ine* at t/e l%'ati%n %+ t/e +irst
+lan(e %r )al)e %ns/%re- N%te t/at t/is may *i++er base* %n *i++erent statut%ry re(ulati%ns-
4*8 &irst /or last0 valve onshore - )al)e separatin( t/e %++s/%re an* %ns/%re pipeline- O+ten t/e p%siti%n %+
t/e battery limit an* t/e '%*e brea&- O+ten an emer(en'y s/ut *%,n )al)es CESDV4
4*4 'solation Toint - a spe'ial '%mp%nent separatin( Cis%latin(4 t/e %++s/%re 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n +r%m t/e
%ns/%re 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n system an* installe* ,it/in t/e %ns/%re part %+ t/e %++s/%re pipeline- It is n%rmally
p%siti%ne* )ery 'l%se t% t/e lan*+all as t/e %++s/%re 'at/%*i' pr%te'tin( system /as limite* pr%te'ti%n
'apabilities ,/en t/e pipeline is n%t submer(e* in ,ater-
4*# #andfall - ,/ere t/e pipeline '%mes %n s/%re-
4*5 4ear shore - t/e transiti%n +r%m t/e %++s/%re pipeline t% t/e s/%re appr%a'/ area- O+ten n%t ,ell *e+ine*.
but 'an be t/e area in ,/ere t/e pipeline (%es +r%m layin( %n t/e sea-be* t% bein( p%siti%ne* in an %pen tren'/
t% ,/ere it is burie*- S%metimes t/e e:tent %+ t/e areas is *e+ine* by t/e rea'/ %+ t/e installati%n )essel %r
tren'/in( e2uipment. an* s%metimes t/is area is (i)en spe'ial attenti%n by t/e +is/in( in*ustry-
4*& 5nshore part of offshore pipeline - t/e +irst part %+ t/e pipeline %n s/%re- It is *istin't as t/e %++s/%re
*esi(n '%*e is still applie*. ,/ile t/e pipeline is n%t %++s/%re- T/e len(t/ is n%rmally s/%rt. up t% s%me
&il%metres-
4*2 5nshore pipeline - t/e pipeline %n s/%re +%ll%,in( %ns/%re '%*es an* n%rmally subGe't t% *i++erent
aut/%rity re(ulati%ns
4*: Right(of(way E '%rri*%r %+ lan* ,it/in ,/i'/ t/e pipeline %perat%r /as t/e ri(/t t% '%n*u't a'ti)ities in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e a(reement ,it/ t/e lan* %,ner-
4)* Shore approach - t/e last part %+ t/e pipeline be+%re it '%mes %n s/%re- T/e nee* +%r buryin( t/e pipeline
in t/e s/%re appr%a'/ area s/%ul* be e)aluate* an* in'lu*e0
1 en)ir%nmental l%a*in( Cbrea&in( ,a)es. 'urrent an* ti*e4.
1 re2uirements t% a Q'lean bea'/N +%r re'reati%n.
1 s/ippin( a'ti)ity %r
1 pr%te'ti%n Cre*u'e* a''ess by #r* parties4-
3. Sa+e%7 9hil!s!(h7
3 )** General
)*) T/e *esi(n p/il%s%p/y +%r t/e s/%re appr%a'/ an* t/e %ns/%re pipeline s/all '%mply ,it/ Se'-"- T/is
implies t/at t/e '%nse2uen'es %+ +ailure Ce'%n%mi'al. en)ir%nmental an* /uman4 s/all be 2uanti+ie* by t/e
'%n'ept %+ sa+ety 'lass- T/e sa+ety 'lass s/%ul* be *etermine* by +lui* 'ate(%ry. l%'ati%n 'lass an* p/ase
C'%nstru'ti%n. %perati%n4 %+ t/e pipeline-
ffshore section
Nearshore section !hore approach
nshore section
;
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*pplication of !"#$%$ with
*ppendi> #
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.# /eAuirements for !hore *pproach and nshore !ections - 0age '32
)*4 T/e presen'e %+ pe%ple an* +a'ilities ne'essitates a +urt/er re+inement %+ t/e l%'ati%n 'lasses use*
%++s/%re- In /i(/ly p%pulate* areas t/e '%nse2uen'es may be m%re se)ere t/an +%r %++s/%re. re2uirin( a /i(/er
sa+ety 'lass. Very Hi(/-
T/ese '%mplementary issues are *es'ribe* in t/is sub-se'ti%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
It s/%ul* be n%te* t/at ISO 1#>"# '%ntain e)en m%re strin(ent utilisati%n re2uirements t/an sa+ety 'lass Very Hi(/-
H%,e)er. as t/is '%*e is meant t% %nly '%)er %ns/%re parts %+ an %++s/%re pipeline system it is n%t +%reseen t/at su'/
a line ,ill be l%'ate* in areas ,it/ e)en /i(/er p%pulati%n *ensities-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
3 4** Sa+e%7 (hil!s!(h7
4*) T/e sa+ety p/il%s%p/y %utline* in Se'-" ! is appli'able +%r s/%re appr%a'/ an* %ns/%re se'ti%ns-
G'i"ance n!%eF
In parti'ular is it imp%rtant t% per+%rm a systemati' re)ie, %+ all /aJar*s t% i*enti+y '%nse2uen'es as t/ir* party
presen'e is m%re si(ni+i'ant %ns/%re-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e 2uality assuran'e %utline* in Se'-" ! is appli'able +%r s/%re appr%a'/ an* %ns/%re se'ti%ns-
4*8 T/e /ealt/. sa+ety an* en)ir%nmental aspe'ts %utline* in Se'-" ! is appli'able +%r s/%re appr%a'/ an*
%ns/%re se'ti%ns als%-
3 8** E'an%i+ica%i!n !+ c!nse<'ence
8*) Flui*s s/all be 'ate(%rise* in line ,it/ Se'-" %+ t/is stan*ar*-
8*4 A l%'ati%n 'lass s/all be *etermine* +%r ea'/ part %+ t/e pipeline as s/%,n in Table F-1-
8*8 T/e p%pulati%n *ensity in Table F-1. e:presse* as t/e number %+ pers%ns per s2uare &il%metre. s/all be
*etermine* by layin( %ut J%nes al%n( t/e pipeline r%ute. ,it/ t/e pipeline in t/e 'entreline %+ t/is J%ne /a)in(
a ,i*t/ %+0
1 ;00 m +%r 'ate(%ry D +lui*s. an*
1 t% be *etermine* +%r 'ate(%ry E +lui* pipelines. but n%t less t/an ;00 m- T/e *eterminati%n s/all in'lu*e
t/e p%ssibility %+ )ery l%, temperature *urin( a lea&a(e %+ /i(/ pressure pipelines. (i)in( /i(/ *ensity (as
t/at may S+l%atT si(ni+i'ant *istan'e pri%r t% i(niti%n-
8*4 Hal+ t/e J%ne ,i*t/ s/all n%t be less t/an t/e e++e'ti)e *istan'e %+ +lui* release-
8*# T/e len(t/ %+ t/e J%nes s/all be 1-= &m an* l%'ate* at any l%'ati%n al%n( t/e pipeline- T/e len(t/ %+ t/e
ran*%m se'ti%ns may be re*u'e* ,/ere p/ysi'al barriers %r %t/er +a't%rs e:ist. ,/i'/ ,ill limit t/e e:tensi%n
%+ t/e m%re *ensely p%pulate* area t% a *istan'e less t/an 1-= &m-
8*5 T/e p%ssible in'rease in p%pulati%n *ensity an* le)el %+ /uman a'ti)ity +r%m planne* +uture
*e)el%pments s/all be *etermine* an* a''%unte* +%r ,/en *eterminin( p%pulati%n *ensity-
Ta6le F-) !ca%i!n Classes Onsh!re
#ocation %lass escription
1
CE2ui)alent t% B%'ati%n 'lass 1
as *e+ine* in Se'-"4
B%'ati%ns subGe't t% in+re2uent /uman a'ti)ity ,it/ n% permanent /uman /abitati%n-
B%'ati%n lass 1 is inten*e* t% re+le't ina''essible areas su'/ as *eserts an* tun*ra
re(i%ns
"
B%'ati%ns ,it/ a p%pulati%n *ensity %+ less t/an =0 pers%ns per s2uare &il%metre-
B%'ati%n lass " is inten*e* t% re+le't su'/ areas as ,astelan*. (raJin( lan*. +armlan*
an* %t/er sparsely p%pulate* areas
#
CE2ui)alent t% B%'ati%n 'lass "
as *e+ine* in Se'-"4
B%'ati%ns ,it/ a p%pulati%n *ensity %+ =0 pers%ns %r m%re but less t/an "=0 pers%ns per
s2uare &il%metre. ,it/ multiple *,ellin( units. ,it/ /%tels %r %++i'e buil*in(s ,/ere n%
m%re t/an =0 pers%ns may (at/er re(ularly an* ,it/ %''asi%nal in*ustrial buil*in(s-
B%'ati%ns lass # is inten*e* t% re+le't areas ,/ere t/e p%pulati%n *ensity is
interme*iate bet,een l%'ati%n lass " an* B%'ati%n lass ;. su'/ as +rin(e areas ar%un*
'ities an* t%,ns. an* ran'/es an* '%untry estates-
;
B%'ati%ns ,it/ a p%pulati%n *ensity %+ "=0 pers%ns %r m%re per s2uare &il%metre. e:'ept
,/ere a B%'ati%n lass = pre)ails- A B%'ati%ns lass ; is inten*e* t% re+le't areas su'/
as suburban /%usin( *e)el%pments. resi*ential areas. in*ustrial areas an* %t/er
p%pulate* areas n%t meetin( B%'ati%n lass =-
=
B%'ati%n ,it/ areas ,/ere multi-st%rey buil*in(s C+%ur %r m%re +l%%rs ab%)e (r%un*
le)el4 are pre)alent an* ,/ere tra++i' is /ea)y %r *ense an* ,/ere t/ere may be
numer%us %t/er utilities un*er(r%un*-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.# /eAuirements for !hore *pproach and nshore !ections - 0age '33
8*& A**iti%nal '%nsi*erati%ns s/all be (i)en t% t/e p%ssible '%nse2uen'es %+ a +ailure near a '%n'entrati%n
%+ pe%ple su'/ as +%un* in a '/ur'/. s'/%%l. multiple-*,ellin( unit. /%spital. %r re'reati%nal area %+ an
%r(anise* '/ara'ter in l%'ati%n 'lasses " an* #-
8*2 Pipeline *esi(n a''%r*in( t% t/is stan*ar* is base* %n p%tential +ailure '%nse2uen'e an* is 2uanti+ie* by
t/e '%n'ept %+ sa+ety 'lass- T/ese may )ary +%r *i++erent p/ases an* l%'ati%ns an* are *e+ine* in Table F-"-
8*: T/e a''eptable +ailure pr%bability %+ sa+ety 'lass Very Hi(/ is %ne %r*er %+ ma(nitu*e l%,er t/an +%r
sa+ety 'lass Hi(/ as (i)en in Se'-" %+ t/is stan*ar*-
8)* T/e sa+ety 'lass *etermine* by t/e 'r%ssin( s/all apply +r%m0
1 +%r r%a* 'r%ssin(s
1 t/e r%a* ri(/t-%+-,ay b%un*ary
1 i+ t/is b%un*ary /as n%t been *e+ine*. t% 10 m +r%m t/e e*(e %+ t/e /ar* sur+a'e %+ maG%r r%a*s an* = m +%r
min%r r%a*s
1 +%r rail,ays
1 = m bey%n* t/e rail,ay b%un*ary %r
1 i+ t/is b%un*ary /as n%t been *e+ine*. t% 10 m +r%m t/e rail-
8)) T/e sa+ety 'lass 'an %+ten be *etermine* base* %n t/e l%'ati%n 'lass an* +lui* 'ate(%ry- Typi'al sele'ti%n
%+ sa+ety 'lass is (i)en in Table F-#-
C. Design 9re$ise
C )** General
)*) T/e basis +%r *esi(n premises +%r t/e s/%re appr%a'/ s/all be as (i)en in Se'-#- Spe'ial attenti%n s/all
be (i)en t% aspe'ts relate* t% installati%n. %n-b%tt%m stability. +ati(ue *ue t% *ire't ,a)e l%a*in( an* #r* party
a'ti)ities- Statut%ry re2uirements apply-
)*4 T/e s/%re appr%a'/ s/%ul* be '%nstru'te* by eit/er
1 tren'/.
1 *re*(in(.
1 Getty.
1 trusse* beam supp%rt.
1 /%riJ%ntal *ire'ti%nal *rille* CHDD4 (ui*e tube.
1 '%++er*am.
1 tunnel. %r
1 '%mbinati%ns %+ t/e ab%)e-
C 4** R!'%ing
4*) T/e re2uirements in Se'-# apply t% t/e s/%re appr%a'/ se'ti%n- A**iti%nal re2uirements are (i)en bel%,-
Ta6le F-4 De+ini%i!n !+ sa+e%7 classes
Safety %lass escription
B%, @/ere +ailure implies l%, ris& %+ /uman inGury an* min%r en)ir%nmental an* e'%n%mi'
'%nse2uen'es
6e*ium @/ere +ailure implies ris& %+ /uman inGury. si(ni+i'ant en)ir%nmental p%lluti%n %r )ery /i(/
e'%n%mi' %r p%liti'al '%nse2uen'es
Hi(/ @/ere +ailure *urin( %peratin( '%n*iti%ns implies /i(/ ris& %+ /uman inGury. si(ni+i'ant
en)ir%nmental p%lluti%n %r )ery /i(/ e'%n%mi' %r p%liti'al '%nse2uen'es
Very Hi(/ @/ere +ailure *urin( %peratin( '%n*iti%ns implies )ery /i(/ ris& %+ /uman inGury-
Ta6le F-8 Classi+ica%i!n !+ sa+e%7 classes
Phase &luid
%ategory
#ocation %lass
< J K > H
J
Temp%rary
1
All B%, -
Operatin(
Ons/%re
A. B%, 6e*ium -
! 6e*ium 6e*ium Hi(/ Very Hi(/ -
D.E 6e*ium 6e*ium Hi(/ Very Hi(/ -
14 Installati%n until '%mmissi%nin( Ctemp%rary4 ,ill n%rmally be 'lassi+ie* as sa+ety lass l%,-
Durin( temp%rary '%n*iti%ns a+ter '%mmissi%nin( %+ t/e pipeline. spe'ial '%nsi*erati%ns s/all
be ma*e t% t/e '%nse2uen'es %+ +ailure. i-e- (i)in( a /i(/er sa+ety 'lass t/an B%,-
"4 T/is '%*e is n%t appli'able +%r areas in l%'ati%n lass =-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.# /eAuirements for !hore *pproach and nshore !ections - 0age '34
4*4 T/e r%utin( s/all be sele'te* an* prepare* s% t/at ris& %+ +ire. e:pl%si%ns an* un-inten*e* %''urren'es is
at an a''eptable le)el- Spa'in( bet,een pipelines. ass%'iate* e2uipment. /arb%urs. s/ip tra++i' an* buil*in(s
s/all be e)aluate* by ris& assessments '%nsi*erin( t/e ser)i'e %+ t/e pipeline-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e pre+erre* means %+ r%utin( +%r s/%re appr%a'/ pipeline ,ill be t% bury t/em- E:amples %+ a**iti%nal pr%te'ti)e
means are %n'rete '%atin( %r '%)er. a**iti%nal steel ,all t/i'&ness. *eeper tren'/in(. a**iti%nal mar&in( an* means
t% minimiJe t/e p%ssibility +%r impa'ts +r%m s/ip tra++i' an* )e/i'les-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*8 Spe'ial +%'us s/all be %n0
1 sa+ety %+ publi'
1 pr%te'ti%n %+ en)ir%nment
1 #r* party a'ti)ities
1 a''ess
1 %t/er pr%perty an* +a'ilities-
4*4 Pipeline '%n)eyin( 'ate(%ry !. . D an* E +lui*s s/%ul* a)%i* built-up areas %r areas ,it/ +re2uent
/uman a'ti)ity-
4*# In absen'e %+ publi' sa+ety statut%ry re2uirements. a sa+ety e)aluati%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e
,it/ t/e (eneral re2uirements +%r0
1 Pipeline '%n)eyin( 'ate(%ry D +lui*s in l%'ati%ns ,/ere multi-st%rey buil*in(s are pre)alent. ,/ere tra++i'
is /ea)y %r *ense. an* ,/ere t/ere may be numer%us %t/er utilities un*er(r%un*
1 Pipelines '%n)eyin( 'ate(%ry E +lui*s-
4*5 An En)ir%nmental Impa't Assessment CEIA4 s/all be per+%rme*- T/e EIA s/all '%nsi*er as a minimum0
1 temp%rary ,%r&s *urin( '%nstru'ti%n an* %perati%n Ce-(- repair. m%*i+i'ati%ns et'-4
1 t/e l%n(-term presen'e %+ t/e pipeline
1 lea&a(e-
4*& T/e r%ute s/all permit t/e re2uire* a''ess an* ,%r&in( ,i*t/ +%r t/e '%nstru'ti%n an* %perati%n
Cin'lu*in( any repla'ement4. %+ t/e pipeline- T/e a)ailability %+ utilities ne'essary +%r '%nstru'ti%n an*
%perati%n s/%ul* als% be re)ie,e*-
4*2 T/e r%ute s/all be ti*y an* +ree +r%m +lammable materials %n an* in t/e )i'inity %+ t/e pipeline system- A
sa+ety area al%n( t/e pipeline s/all be *e+ine* ,/i'/ may restri't publi' a''ess an* a'ti)ities- T/e e:tent %+ t/e
area s/all be establis/e* base* %n ris& analyses an* s/%,n %n t/e plan +%r t/e pipeline system-
4*: Fa'ilities al%n( t/e pipeline r%ute s/%ul* be i*enti+ie* an* t/eir impa't e)aluate* in '%nsultati%n ,it/ t/e
%perat%r %+ t/ese +a'ilities- Fa'ilities s/%ul* n%t be all%,e* 'l%ser t/an ; m +r%m t/e pipeline-
4)* A ,i*er restri'ti%n J%ne '%mpare* t% publi' a''ess may apply t% +uture *e)el%pment Cbuil*in(s et'-4-
C 8** En-ir!n$en%al "a%a
8*) En)ir%nmental *ata s/all be '%lle'te* as *es'ribe* in Se'-#- B%n( term s/%re pr%+ile s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
Spe'ial attenti%n s/all be (i)en t% ti*al )ariati%ns-
C 4** S'r-e7
4*) R%ute an* s%il sur)eys s/all be 'arrie* %ut t% i*enti+y an* l%'ate ,it/ su++i'ient a''ura'y t/e rele)ant
(e%(rap/i'al. (e%l%(i'al. (e%te'/ni'al. '%rr%si)e. t%p%(rap/i'al an* en)ir%nmental +eatures. an* %t/er
+a'ilities su'/ as %t/er pipelines. 'ables an* %bstru'ti%ns. ,/i'/ may impa't t/e pipeline r%ute sele'ti%n- T/e
sur)eys s/all be '%ntinu%us. an* t/e a''ura'y an* t%leran'e s/%ul* be sele'te* ,it/ re(ar* t% t/e a*G%inin( lan*
an* %++s/%re sur)eys-
4*4 Ins/%re sur)ey '%)era(e s/%ul* be '%ntinu%us an* in a(reement ,it/in spe'i+ie* t%leran'es an*
a''ura'ies %+ b%t/ a*G%inin( lan* an* %++s/%re r%ute sur)eys-
C #** Mar0ing
#*) T/e pipeline system s/all be mar&e* in su'/ a ,ay t/at its l%'ati%n in t/e terrain is 'learly )isible-
Pr%)isi%ns s/all be ma*e t% restri't publi' a''ess t% pipelines t/at are n%t burie*-
#*4 @arnin( si(ns s/all be pla'e* ,it/in )isible *istan'e an* at ea'/ si*e %+ 'r%ssin(s ,it/ ri)ers. r%a*s an*
rail ,ays (i)in( in+%rmati%n %n0
1 '%ntent
1 %perat%r
1 p/%ne number t% nearest manne* stati%n ,/i'/ may be alerte* in t/e e)ent %+ +ault %n t/e pipeline-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.# /eAuirements for !hore *pproach and nshore !ections - 0age '35
D. Design
D )** General
)*) T/e pi((in( re2uirements in Se'-# D10" applies t% t/e pipeline system-
D 4** S7s%e$ "esign
4*) Any ele'tri'al e2uipment ,it/in t/e l%'ati%n 'lass areas s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e l%'ati%n 'lass
re2uirements-
4*4 T/e nee* +%r li(/tenin( r%* an* means t% a)%i* buil* up %+ stati' ele'tri'ity s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
4*8 !ran'/ '%nne'ti%ns +%r pipelines %n lan* s/all be supp%rte* by '%ns%li*ate* ba'&+ill %r pr%)i*e* ,it/ a*e2uate
+le:ibility-
4*4 !ra'es an* *ampin( *e)i'es re2uire* t% pre)ent )ibrati%n %+ pipin( s/all be atta'/e* t% t/e pipe by +ull
en'ir'lement members-
4*# F%r stru'tural items. *%ubler plates an* rin(s ,el*e* *ire'tly t% pressure '%ntainin( parts. t/e +%ll%,in(
apply0
1 Desi(n s/all be per+%rme* +%r all rele)ant +ailure m%*es. e-(- yiel*in(. +ati(ue an* +ra'ture-
1 F%r *uple: stainless steels an* 1#r martensiti' stainless steels a stress analysis s/all be per+%rme* in ea'/
'ase t% *etermine t/at l%'al stresses ,ill n%t initiate HIS- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r *esi(n %+ *uple:
stainless steels is (i)en in DNV-RP-F11"-
1 @el*in( *ire'tly t% t/e pressure '%ntainin( parts s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 2uali+ie* ,el*in(
pr%'e*ures a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: -
1 NDT s/all be per+%rme* t% ensure stru'tural inte(rity %+ t/e pressure '%ntainin( parts-
1 T/e t%e-t%-t%e *istan'e +r%m %t/er ,el*s s/all be minimum " Z t %r =0 mm. ,/i'/e)er is lar(er-
4*5 F%r *%ubler plates %r rin(s t/e +%ll%,in( apply0
1 Desi(n s/all be per+%rme* +%r all rele)ant +ailure m%*es-
1 D%ubler plates s/%ul* be 'ir'ular-
1 @el*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ures-
1 D%ubler rin(s s/all be ma*e as +ully en'ir'lin( slee)es ,it/ t/e l%n(itu*inal ,el*s ma*e ,it/ ba'&in(
strips. an* a)%i*in( penetrati%n int% t/e main pipe material-
1 Ot/er ,el*s s/all be '%ntinu%us. an* ma*e in a manner minimisin( t/e ris& %+ r%%t 'ra'&in( an* lamellar
tearin(-
D 8** Design l!a"s
8*) T/e l%a*s s/all be establis/e* as *es'ribe* in Se'-;- Spe'ial attenti%n s/all be (i)en 'al'ulati%ns %+ l%a*s
+r%m #r* party a'ti)ities su'/ as tra++i' Cp%tential 'y'li' l%a*in(4 an* %t/er '%nstru'ti%n ,%r&-
8*4 T/e l%a*s s/all be 'lassi+ie* int% +un'ti%nal. en)ir%nmental. inter+eren'e %r a''i*ental l%a*s as per Se'-;
%+ t/is stan*ar* ,it/ t/e a**iti%nal re2uirements bel%,-
8*8 Tra++i' a:le l%a*s an* +re2uen'y s/all be establis/e* in '%nsultati%n ,it/ t/e appr%priate aut/%rities %r
%t/er rele)ant s%ur'es an* ,it/ re'%(niti%n %+ e:istin( an* +%re'ast resi*ential. '%mmer'ial an* in*ustrial
*e)el%pments-
D 4** Design cri%eria
4*) T/e *esi(n s/%ul* '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements in Se'-=- Spe'ial attenti%n s/all be (i)en t% statut%ry
re2uirements-
4*4 F%r sa+ety 'lass Very Hi(/ t/e sa+ety 'lass +a't%rs in Table F-; apply-
Ta6le F-4 9ar%ial sa+e%7 class resis%ance +ac%!r +!r sa+e%7 class Der7 High
#imit state
S%
Pressure '%ntainment 1-=H#
Ot/er limit states 1-=
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.# /eAuirements for !hore *pproach and nshore !ections - 0age '36
4*8 !urie* pipelines %n lan* s/%ul* be installe* ,it/ a '%)er *ept/ n%t less t/an s/%,n in Table F-=-
4*4 T/e e++e't %+ '%)er *ept/ s/all be '%nsi*ere* in t/e e:pansi%n e)aluati%ns-
4*# I+ t/e pipeline is n%t lai* at a +r%st +ree *ept/. t/e mass bel%, t/e pipeNs 'entre line must be +r%st pr%%+-
4*5 Pipelines may be installe* ,it/ less '%)er *ept/ t/an in*i'ate* in Table F-=. pr%)i*e* a similar le)el %+
pr%te'ti%n is pr%)i*e* by alternati)e met/%*s- T/e *esi(n %+ alternati)e pr%te'ti%n met/%*s s/%ul* ta&e int%
a''%unt0
1 any /in*ran'e 'ause* t% %t/er users %+ t/e area
1 s%il stability an* settlement
1 pipe stability 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n
1 pipeline e:pansi%n
1 a''ess +%r maintenan'e-
4*& Pipelines runnin( parallel t% a r%a* %r rail,ay s/%ul* be r%ute* %utsi*e t/e '%rresp%n*in( ri(/t-%+-,ay-
4*2 T/e )erti'al separati%n bet,een t/e t%p %+ t/e pipe an* t/e t%p %+ t/e rail s/%ul* be a minimum %+ 1-; m
+%r %pen-'ut 'r%ssin(s an* 1-F m +%r b%re* %r tunnelle* 'r%ssin(s-
4*: Pr%te'ti%n re2uirements +%r pipeline 'r%ssin(s %+ 'anals. ri)ers an* la&es s/%ul* be *esi(ne* in
'%nsultati%n ,it/ l%'al ,ater an* ,ater,ays aut/%rities-
4)* r%ssin(s %+ +l%%* *e+en'es 'an re2uire a**iti%nal *esi(n measures +%r pre)enti%n %+ +l%%*in( an*
limitin( t/e p%ssible '%nse2uen'es-
4)) r%ssin( pipelines an* 'ables s/%ul* be &ept separate* by a minimum )erti'al *istan'e %+ 0-# m-
4)4 Pipeline bri*(es may be '%nsi*ere* ,/en burie* 'r%ssin(s are n%t pra'ti'able- Pipe bri*(es s/all be
*esi(ne* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ stru'tural *esi(n stan*ar*s. ,it/ su++i'ient 'learan'e t% a)%i* p%ssible *ama(e
+r%m t/e m%)ement %+ tra++i'. an* ,it/ a''ess +%r maintenan'e- Inter+eren'e bet,een t/e 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n
%+ t/e pipelines an* t/e supp%rtin( bri*(e stru'ture s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
4)8 Pr%)isi%ns s/all be ma*e t% restri't publi' a''ess t% pipe bri*(es-
4)4 I+ %t/er 'riteria are use*. t/e n%minal +ailure pr%babilities s/all be *em%nstrate* t% be as spe'i+ie* in
Se'-"-
E. C!ns%r'c%i!n
E )** General
)*) T/e same re2uirements as +%r t/e O++s/%re part %+ t/e pipeline system s/all be applie* t% t/e %ns/%re
part. i+ appli'able- @/ere t/is is n%t appli'able. t/e re2uirements %+ ISO 1#>"# s/%ul* be '%mplie* ,it/-
E 4** ine(i(e
4*) T/e manu+a'ture %+ linepipe s/%ul* '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements in Se'->-
E 8** C!$(!nen%s an" asse$6lies
8*) T/e re2uirements t% '%mp%nents an* stru'tural items as ,ell as assemblies s/%ul* '%mply ,it/ Se'-<-
Ta6le F-# Mini$'$ c!-er "e(%h +!r 6'rie" (i(elines !n lan" .al%erna%i-e= (re+erre"
+!r$'la%i!n %! %he %a6le a6!-e/
Sa+ety lass
#4
%)er *ept/ `ma
14 "4 ;4 =4 >4 <4
Tren'/ blaste* in r%'& Ot/er
B%,
0-=
0-F
6e*ium 0-F
Hi(/ 1-"
Very Hi(/ 1-"
14 %)er *ept/ s/all be measure* +r%m t/e l%,est p%ssible (r%un* sur+a'e le)el t% t/e t%p %+ t/e pipe. in'lu*in(
'%atin(s an* atta'/ments-
"4 Spe'ial '%nsi*erati%n +%r '%)er may be re2uire* in areas ,it/ +r%st /ea)e-
#4 Ri)er 'r%ssin(s. r%a* 'r%ssin(s an* rail,ay 'r%ssin( s/all in t/is '%nte:t be 'lassi+ie* as sa+ety 'lass Hi(/-
;4 %)er s/all n%t be less t/an t/e *ept/ %+ n%rmal 'ulti)ati%n W0-# m-
=4 F%r ri)er 'r%ssin(sO t% be measure* +r%m t/e l%,est anti'ipate* be*-
>4 F%r r%a*s an* rail,ay 'r%ssin(sO t% be measure* +r%m t/e b%tt%m %+ t/e *rain *it'/es
<4 T/e t%p %+ pipe s/all be at least 0-1= m bel%, t/e sur+a'e %+ t/e r%'&-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
*pp.# /eAuirements for !hore *pproach and nshore !ections - 0age '4%
E 4** C!rr!si!n (r!%ec%i!n an" c!a%ings
4*) T/e '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n s/all '%mply ,it/ Se'-F-
4*4 All metal pipelines s/%ul* be pr%)i*e* ,it/ an e:ternal '%atin( an*. +%r burie* %r submer(e* se'ti%ns.
'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n- %rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n s/%ul* be pr%)i*e* by impresse* 'urrent-
4*8 T/e *esi(n %+ t/e impresse* 'urrent pr%te'ti%n system s/all stri)e +%r a uni+%rm 'urrent *istributi%n al%n(
t/e pipelines an* s/all *e+ine t/e permanent l%'ati%n +%r t/e measurement %+ t/e pr%te'ti%n p%tentials-
4*4 Pr%te'te* pipelines s/%ul* be ele'tri'ally is%late* +r%m %t/er stru'tures. su'/ as '%mpress%r stati%ns an*
terminals. by suitable in-line is%lati%n '%mp%nents-
4*# Is%lati%n G%ints s/%ul* be pr%)i*e* ,it/ pr%te'ti)e *e)i'es t% pre)ent *ama(e +r%m li(/tnin( %r /i(/-
)%lta(e eart/ 'urrent ,/ere p%ssible- B%,-resistan'e (r%un*in( t% %t/er burie* metalli' stru'tures s/all be
a)%i*e*- Ele'tri'al '%ntinuity s/all be pr%)i*e* a'r%ss '%mp%nents. %t/er t/an '%uplin(sI+lan(es. ,/i'/ ,%ul*
%t/er,ise in'rease t/e l%n(itu*inal resistan'e %+ t/e pipeline- Spar& (aps s/all be installe* bet,een pr%te'te*
pipelines an* li(/tnin( pr%te'ti%n systems-
4*5 Test p%ints +%r t/e r%utine m%nit%rin( an* testin( %+ t/e 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n s/%ul* be installe* at t/e
+%ll%,in( l%'ati%ns0
1 'r%ssin(s ,it/ D tra'ti%ns systems
1 r%a*. rail an* ri)er 'r%ssin(s an* lar(e emban&ments
1 se'ti%ns installe* in slee)e pipes %r 'asin(s
1 is%late* '%uplin(s
1 ,/ere t/e pipeline runs parallel t% /i(/-)%lta(e 'ables
1 s/eet piles
1 'r%ssin(s ,it/ %t/er maG%r metalli' stru'tures ,it/. %r ,it/%ut. 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n-
4*& T/e primary '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l +%r internal '%rr%si%n is i*enti'al ,it/ t/e submarine part. see Se'-F-
F. O(era%i!n
F )** General
)*) T/e re2uirements t% sa+e an* reliable %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline systems an* t/e pipeline inte(rity
mana(ement CPI64 as *es'ribe* in Se'-11 apply-
)*4 T/e ,/%le r%ute s/all re(ularly be '/e'&e* +%r0
1 any re2uire* re-'lassi+i'ati%n %+ l%'ati%n 'lass *ue t% '/an(es in premises li&e p%pulati%ns et'-
1 ne, +a'ilities
1 ne, intru*ers %r '/an(e* '%n+i(urati%ns t/at may 'ause in'rease ris& %+ t/reats-
G. D!c'$en%a%i!n
G )** General
)*) In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements in Se'-1". t/e +%ll%,in( apply0
1 'r%ssin( l%'ati%ns relate* t% la&es. straits. ri)ers. streams. transp%rt '%mmuni'ati%n arteries an* similar
1 maps ne'essary t% e)aluate t/e pr%p%se* r%ute 'lassi+i'ati%n
1 rele)ant *ra,in(s %n bri*(es et'-
1 maps ,it/ any 'r%ssin( ser)i'es C'ables. se,a(e et'-4-
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
()*N+,! - );!T/;( - 0age '4$
CHANGES H;STOR;C
N%te t/at /ist%ri' '/an(es %l*er t/an t/e e*iti%ns s/%,n bel%, /a)e n%t been in'lu*e*- Ol*er /ist%ri' '/an(es
Ci+ any4 may be retrie)e* t/r%u(/ /ttp0II,,,-*n)-'%m-
A'g's% 4*)4 e"i%i!n
Main Changes
Sec.) General
1 6in%r e*it%rial '/an(es an* up*ates
1 !0 Re+eren'e list up*ate*
1 Intr%*u'ti%n in'lu*e*- Pre)i%us A>00 m%)e* t% !100
1 0 8p*ate* *e+initi%ns-
Sec.4 Sa+e%7 9hil!s!(h7
1 6in%r e*it%rial '/an(es an* up*ates
1 lari+i'ati%n %+ a''eptan'e tar(et )alues
1 !0 T/e (eneral re2uirements t% a systemati' re)ie,. !#00. /as been +urt/er implemente* as a ne, A#00
in se'ti%ns # t% 11
1 "010 O
"
pipelines '%mmente*. re'%mmen*e* *e)iati%n +r%m ISO-
Sec.8 C!nce(% an" Design 9re$ise De-el!($en%
1 Re-%r(anise* in a timeline manner
1 6in%r e*it%rial '/an(es an* up*ates
1 D"000 Pressure pr%te'ti%n system Cin'lu*in( pressure sa+ety system an* pressure '%ntr%l system4 /as been
rename* as pipeline '%ntr%l an* pipeline sa+ety system in line ,it/ IE >1=11-
Sec.4 Design !a"s
1 6in%r e*it%rial '/an(es an* up*ates
1 >000 @eat/er restri'te* ,eat/er %perati%ns ali(ne* ,it/ DNV-OS-H101-
Sec.# Design i$i% S%a%e Cri%eria
1 6in%r e*it%rial '/an(es an* up*ates
1 D"000 Pressure '%ntainment limit state*O in+luen'e %+ mill test an* system test 'lari+ie*
1 D1#000 Dent a**e* as limit state Cm%)e* +r%m tra,lin(4
1 E0 Spe'ial '%nsi*erati%nsO le)els %+ *etails are ali(ne* bet,een t/e *i++erent sub-se'ti%ns
1 EF000 Re2uirements t% eart/ 2ua&e e:ten*e*
1 F0 %mp%nent *esi(n up*ate* re+le'tin( re)isi%ns %+ ISO an* +urt/er ali(ne* ,it/ se'ti%n F
1 F1000 A*)i'e +%r '%*e brea&s in'lu*e*-
Sec.5 Design Ma%erials Engineering
1 6in%r e*it%rial '/an(es an* up*ates-
Sec.& C!ns%r'c%i!n ine(i(e
1 8p*ate* t% re+le't ne, ISO #1F# re)isi%n
1 3eneral up*ate base* %n +ee*-ba'& +r%m in*ustry
1 3"000 riteria t% *imensi%nal t%leran'es 'lari+ie*-
Sec.2 C!ns%r'c%i!n - C!$(!nen%s an" 9i(eline Asse$6lies
1 Re-stru'ture* t% impr%)e 'larity
1 !#00 t% =000 8p*ate* t% re+le't ne, ISO 1==H0 re)isi%n
1 =000 Se'ti%n %n b%lts up*ate*
1 F0 Se'ti%n %n pipeline assemblies partly re-,ritten-
Sec.: C!ns%r'c%i!n C!rr!si!n (r!%ec%i!n an" Weigh% C!a%ing
1 Re-,ritten t% ali(n ,it/ ISO "1F0H
Sec.)* C!ns%r'c%i!n - O++sh!re
1 Se'ti%n /ea*in( '/an(e* t% re+le't '%ntents
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
()*N+,! - );!T/;( - 0age '4&
1 %mpletely re-stru'ture* an* m%*i+ie*-
Sec.)) O(era%i!ns an" A6an"!n$en%
1 8p*ate* t% re+le't ali(nment ,it/ DNV-RP-F11>-
Sec.)4 D!c'$en%a%i!n
1 6in%r '/an(es
A((.A Frac%'re i$i% S%a%e !+ Gir%h Wel"s
1 !10<0 Rules +%r /%, *i++erent l%a* 'ases s/all be '%mbine* /a)e been in'lu*e*
1 D0 Fra'ture t%u(/ness testin( %n SENT spe'imens als% a''eptable +%r bi-a:ial stress '%n*iti%n C%perati%n4
1 D0 Ne, *e+initi%n %+ B
r
'ut-%++ Cplasti' '%llapse4 ,/i'/ ,ill all%, /i(/er l%'al stresses an* strains in t/e
li(ament ,it/ a +la,
1 E0 8se %+ FE analysis amen*e*
1 F0 N% sa+ety +a't%r %n t/e 'al'ulate* +ati(ue li+e-
A((.3 Mechanical Tes%ing an" C!rr!si!n Tes%ing
1 3eneral up*ate base* %n +ee*-ba'& +r%m in*ustry an* 'lari+i'ati%ns-
A((.C Wel"ing
1 3eneral up*ate base* %n +ee*-ba'& +r%m in*ustry
1 6%re pre'ise *e+initi%ns a**e* t% ma&e se)eral %+ t/e re2uirements 'learer
1 #00 an* F#000 /an(es t% re2uirement %+ ,el* +iller metal yiel* stren(t/-
A((.D N!n-Des%r'c%i-e Tes%ing .NDT/
1 Re+eren'e* stan*ar*s up*ate*- @it/*ra,n re+eren'e* stan*ar*s repla'e* ,it/ ne, stan*ar*s
1 Ali(ne* re2uirements +%r 6T an* PT ,it/ %t/er internati%nal a''epte* stan*ar*s
1 !"000 Re+eren'es +%r '%mpute* ra*i%(rap/y implemente*
1 !#000 Re+eren'es t% DNV lassi+i'ati%n N%te < implemente*-
A((.E A'%!$a%e" Ul%ras!nic Gir%h Wel" Tes%ing
1 3eneral up*ate base* %n +ee*-ba'& +r%m in*ustry an* 'lari+i'ati%ns
1 DNV-RP-F11F implemente* as re+eren'e +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ A8T systems
1 Re2uirements in DNV-OS-F101 is ali(ne* ,it/ re2uirements in DNV-RP-F11F-
A((.F Re<'ire$en%s +!r Sh!re A((r!ach an" Onsh!re Sec%i!ns
1 6in%r '/an(es-
Ac0n!1le"ge$en%
T/e present re)isi%n %+ DNV-OS-F101 is mainly re+le'tin( +ee*-ba'& +r%m e:perien'e by se)eral '%mpanies
t/at are /ereby a'&n%,le*(e*-
T/is re)isi%n in'lu*es a re-stru'turin( %+ Se'ti%n 10 SO++s/%re E '%nstru'ti%nT base* %n 'l%se )aluable
*is'ussi%ns +r%m Stat%il. /ereby a'&n%,le*(e*-
A /earin( )ersi%n ,as issue* De'ember "011- l%se t% 1000 )ery ,ell +%un*e* '%mments ,ere re'ei)e* %+
,/i'/ m%st ,ere eit/er a''epte* %r partly a''epte*- 6any %+ t/e '%mments n%t a''epte* ,ere typi'ally
re2uestin( e:tensi%n %+ t/e s'%pe. e-(- parameter limitati%ns. re2uirin( +urt/er *e)el%pments- T/%se '%mments
/a)e been n%te* as lea*s an* may results in +uture 7%int In*ustry pr%p%sals-
T/e '%mments impr%)e* t/e 2uality an* '%ntent %+ t/is stan*ar* si(ni+i'antly an* t/e e++%rt spent by t/e
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