H thng bc x thng l h thng m tm cc phn t bc x nm trn 1 ng thng, gi l trc ca h thng. Trng hp = 0, ngha l h thng bc x thng ng pha.

. Ta c *) Hm phng hng ca h thng N phn t anten : , ) = , ) = , ) Vi = kd Trong - , ) l hm phng hng ca 1 phn t - l gc sai pha ca trng to bi cc dng trong cc phn t *) Hng cc i chnh th phng hng trong na mt phng th nht c xc nh bng biu thc : kd m = 0 => +=0 = 0 =>

*) Hm phng hng bin t hp trng hp ny c dng

T ta c c biu thc hm phng hng bin t hp chun ha bng cch chia cho N l gi tr cc i ca |

*) Li c Bin cng bc x c tnh bng biu thc |E| = | | Vi = | => |E| = N |

Trong , |E| l bin trng bc x tng theo hng vun gc, N l s phn t, | l bin trng bc x ca 1 phn t . Nh vy ta nhn thy, khi cc im kho st nm trn hng v nm xa v cng, c th coi cc tia bc x t cc phn t ca h thng n im M l song song v c di bng nhau, t sai pha khong cch =0 . y chng ta xt = 0, tc l cc dng in ng pha nn sai pha dng in cng = 0. Vy tng trng theo hng vung gc s l tng i s bin trng bc x ca cc phn t ring r v c gi tr cc i bng N ln trng bc x ca 1 phn t. *) Hng bc x khng ca th phng hng c xc nh t iu kin : kd ta c: vi m = 1,2, Xt trng hp y h gm 8 anten chn t i xng, N = 8, d = =>

 TH CA HM PHNG HNG BIN T HP CHUN HA Xt trn th phng hng, ta thy c cc i chnh hng v nhiu cc i ph. rng ca cc mi sng chnh v s cc i ph thuc vo khong cch d v s phn t bc x N. Khi N v d cng ln, mi sng chnh cng hp, s cc i ph thuc cng nhiu v ngc li. rng mi sng chnh trong trng hp ny l : 2
[ ]

Cc hng bc x khng ca th phng hng trong 1 phn 4 mt phng (ng vi m = 1 ,2 ,3 ,4) ln lt l :

[ ]

*) Vi trng hp N ln v phn b vi chiu di ln, ta dng cng thc gn ng tnh rng mi sng chnh :

[ ] [ ] [ ]

2 Vi L

[ ]

Nd l chiu di ca h thng.

T ta nhn thy, khi chiu di tng i L ca h thng cng ln so vi bc sng th h thng bc x ng pha c hng tnh cng cao. *) Cc cc i ph nm trong khong gii hn gia 2 hng bc x khng ca th phng hng. Khi khong cch tng i gia cc phn t ( ) nh, c th b qua s bin i mu s ca cng thc

Khi thay i trong phm vi 1 bp sng ph. Bi vy, hng cc i c th c xc nh gn ng t cng thc :
[ ]

=
vi m = 1,2,3 ...

[ ]

Thay vo cng thc tnh | cc i ph :

[ ]
(

trn ta nhn c gi tr ca cc

Vi N ln, gi tr ca cc i ph u tin c tnh gn ng :

[ ]

tc l bng khong gi tr ca cc i chnh.

- Vi cc chn t t song song nhau v mt khng kho st l H ( xoz ) ta c :

(1(1-

) )

- Vi cc chn t t thng hng nhau v mt khng kho st l E ( xoz hoc 1 mt phng cha trc x) ta c :

x| |