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    Fatigue Analysis of Welded Components: Designer’s Guide to the Structural Hot-Spot Stress Approach
    Fatigue Analysis of Welded Components: Designer’s Guide to the Structural Hot-Spot Stress Approach
    Fatigue Analysis of Welded Components: Designer’s Guide to the Structural Hot-Spot Stress Approach
    Ebook123 pages40 minutes

    Fatigue Analysis of Welded Components: Designer’s Guide to the Structural Hot-Spot Stress Approach

    By E. Niemi, W Fricke and S J Maddox

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    About this ebook

    This report provides background and guidance on the use of the structural hot spot stress approach to the fatigue design of welded components and structures. It complements the IIW recommendations for 'Fatigue Design of Welded Joints and Components' and extends the information provided in the IIW recommendations on 'Stress Determination for Fatigue Analysis of Welded Components'. This approach is applicable to cases of potential fatigue cracking from the weld toe. It has been in use for many years in the context of tubular joints. The present report concentrates on its extension to structures fabricated from plates and non-tubular sections.Following an explanation of the structural hot spot stress, its definition and its relevance to fatigue, the authors describe methods for its determination. Stress determination from both finite element analysis and strain gauge measurements is considered. Parametric formulae for calculating stress increases due to misalignment and structural discontinuities are also presented. Special attention is paid to the use of finite element stress analysis and guidance is given on the choice of element type and size for use with either solid or shell elements. Design S-N curves for use with the structural hot spot stress are presented for a range of weld details. Finally, practical application of the recommendations is illustrated in two case studies involving the fatigue assessment of welded structures using the structural hot spot stress approach.
    • Provides practical guidance on the application of the structural hot-spot stress approach
    • Discusses stress determination from both finite element analysis and strain gauge measurements
    • Practical application of the recommendations is illustrated in two case studies
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherElsevier Science
    Release dateSep 27, 2006
    ISBN9781845696665
    Fatigue Analysis of Welded Components: Designer’s Guide to the Structural Hot-Spot Stress Approach
    Author

    E. Niemi

    Professor Erkki Niemi is Emeritus Professor of Steel Structures in Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland.

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      Book preview

      Fatigue Analysis of Welded Components - E. Niemi

      Fatigue Analysis of Welded Components

      Designer’s guide to the structural hot-spot stress approach (IIW-1430-00)

      First Edition

      E. Niemi

      W. Fricke

      S.J. Maddox

      CRC

      Boca  Raton  Boston  New York  Washington, DC

      Woodhead Publishing Limited

      Cambridge  England

      Table of Contents

      Cover image

      Title page

      Copyright page

      Preface

      Abstract

      1: Introduction

      1.1 General

      1.2 Safety aspects

      2: The Structural Hot Spot Stress Approach to Fatigue Analysis

      2.1 Field of application

      2.2 Types of hot spot

      2.3 Definition of the structural stress at a Type ‘a’ hot spot

      2.4 Use of stress concentration factors

      2.5 Effect of component size on the fatigue resistance

      3: Experimental Determination of the Structural Hot Spot Stress

      3.1 General

      3.2 Type ‘a’ hot spots

      3.3 Type ‘b’ hot spots

      4: Structural Hot Spot Stress Determination Using Finite Element Analysis

      4.1 General

      4.2 Choice of element type

      4.3 Methods for determination of structural hot spot stress

      4.4 Use of relatively coarse element meshing for analysing Type ‘a’ hot spots

      4.5 Use of relatively fine element meshing for analysing Type ‘a’ hot spots

      4.6 Modelling fillet welds in shell element models for analysing Type ‘a’ hot spots

      4.7 Analysis of Type ‘b’ hot spots

      5: Parametric Formulae

      5.1 Misalignment

      5.2 Structural discontinuities

      6: Structural Hot Spot S-N Curves

      6.1 General principles

      6.2 Recommended S-N curves

      7: Case Study 1: Box Beam of a Railway Wagon

      7.1 Introduction

      7.2 Materials and methods

      7.3 Results

      7.4 Discussion and conclusions

      8: Case Study 2: Hatch Corner Design for Container Ships

      8.1 Introduction

      8.2 Materials and methods

      8.3 Fatigue assessment

      8.4 Conclusion

      9: References

      Appendix 1: Symbols

      Appendix 2: Recommendations for Enhanced Accuracy in Stress Determination

      A2.1 Need for enhanced accuracy

      A2.2 Alternative procedures for enhanced accuracy

      A2.3 Quadratic extrapolation

      Appendix 3: Commentary on the S-N Curves with Reference to Variable Amplitude Loading

      Appendix 4: Hot Spot S-N Curves for Welded Aluminium Components

      Copyright

      Published by Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington Hall, Abington

      Cambridge CB21 6AH, England

      www.woodheadpublishing.com

      Published in North America by CRC Press LLC, 6000 Broken

      Sound Parkway NW Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487, USA

      First published 2006, Woodhead Publishing Limited and CRC Press LLC

      © 2006, The International Institute of Welding

      The authors have asserted their moral rights.

      This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publishers cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials. Neither the author nor the publishers, nor anyone else associated with this publication, shall be liable for any loss, damage or liability directly or indirectly caused or alleged to be caused by this book.

         Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from Woodhead Publishing Limited.

         The consent of Woodhead Publishing Limited does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from Woodhead Publishing Limited for such copying.

      Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe.

      British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

      A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

      Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

      A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

      Woodhead Publishing ISBN 978-1-84569-124-0

      CRC Press ISBN 978-1-4200-5117-9

      CRC Press order number: WP5117

      The publishers’ policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp which is processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publishers ensure that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards.

      Printed by Victoire Press, Cambridge, England

      Preface

      S.J. Maddox, Chairman, IIW Commission XIII

      This ‘Designer’s Guide’ follows previous recommendations published in 1995 by the International Institute of Welding (IIW), ‘Stress Determination for Fatigue Analysis of Welded Components’ edited by E. Niemi. It represents the latest product of the continuing joint-activity of Commissions XIII (Fatigue) and XV (Design) to develop better fatigue design and analysis procedures for welded structures. The Guide focuses on one particular aspect, namely the hot spot stress approach. It is intended to provide practical guidance on the application of that approach, based on the current state-of-the-art. However, it is also hoped that it will promote wider use of the approach, assist code-writers in its introduction into design Standards and encourage further research.

      A shortcoming of current fatigue design rules for welded components and structures is that they have not kept pace with computing developments in design, notably stress determination by finite element analysis (FEA). The basic design method embodied in the rules was actually developed over 30 years ago, when computers were something

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