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John Rawls
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John Rawls (1921- 2002) , .



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Isaiah Berlin Stuart Hampshire. MIT. 1962


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6.
Rawls , Rawls
Hume, Leibniz, Kant Hegel (LHMP)
Hobbes, Locke, Hume, Mill,
Marx, Sidgwick Butler (LHPP)
Rawls
. Reath, Herman
Korsgaard (1997) Rawls
.
Freeman (2007)
Rawls,

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(
Pogge 1989). .
Freeman (2003) Rawls.

Rawls. Daniels
(1975). Griffin Solum
(1994), Lloyd (1994), Davion Wolf (1999).
Martin and Reidy (2006)
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Rawls
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26

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7.
1971 A Theory of Justice [TJ], Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press.
1993 Political Liberalism [PL], New York:
Columbia University Press.
1999 The Law of Peoples [LP], Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press.
1999 Collected Papers [CP], S. Freeman (ed.),
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
1999 Lectures on the History of Moral
Philosophy [LHMP], B. Herman (ed.), Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press.
2001 Justice as Fairness: A Restatement [JF],
E. Kelly (ed.), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press.
2007 Lectures on the History of Political
Philosophy [LHPP], S. Freeman (ed.), Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press.


Daniels, N., (ed.), 1975, Reading Rawls: Critical
Studies on John Rawls A Theory of Justice, New
York: Basic Books.
Davion, V. and Wolf, C. (eds.) 1999, The Idea of
a Political Liberalism: Essays on Rawls, Lanham,
MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
Fleming, J., (ed.), 2004, Rawls and the Law,
Fordham Law Review 72 (special issue).
Freeman, S., (ed.), 2003, The Cambridge
Companion to Rawls, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
, 2007, Rawls, London, Routledge.
Griffin, S., and Solum, L. (eds.) 1994,
Symposium of John Rawlss Political Liberalism,
Chicago Kent Law Review 69: 549-842.
Hobbes, T., 1651, Leviathan, 1994 edition, E.
Curley (trans.), London: Hackett.
Kukathas, C., (ed.), 2003, John Rawls: Critical
Assessments of Leading Political Philosophers, 4
vol., London, Routledge.
Lloyd, S., (ed.), 1994, John Rawlss Political
Liberalism, Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 75.
Martin, R. and Reidy, D. (eds.), 2006, Rawlss
Law of Peoples: A Realistic Utopia?, Oxford:
Blackwell.
Nozick, R., 1974, Anarchy, State, and Utopia,
New York: Basic Books.

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Pogge, T., 1989, Realizing Rawls, Ithaca, NY:
Cornell University Press.
, 2007, John Rawls: His Life and Theory of
Justice, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Reath, A., Herman, B., and Korsgaard, C.,
(eds.), 1997, Reclaiming the History of Ethics:
Essays for John Rawls, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Richardson, H., and Weithman, P. (eds.), 1999,
The Philosophy of Rawls: A Collection of Essays, 5
vol., New York: Garland.
Vatican Council II, 1965, Dignitas Humanae
(Declaration on Religious Freedom), in Documents
of Vatican II, W. Abbott (ed.), New York: Herder
and Herder, 1966.


H. Richardson, John Rawls, Internet
Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
M. Nussbaum, The Enduring Significance of
John Rawls, Chronicle of Higher Education July
20, 2001.

K
.

Leif Wenar
O Leif Wenar Kings College .
Stanford,
Harvard
Robert Nozick T. M. Scanlon.

Princeton, Murphy Carnegie .
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