CHAPTER 3

MATTER
a)

Understand that matter has mass and occupies space

b) c) d)

Understand the three states of matter

Understand the concept of density Appreciate the use of the properties of matter in everyday life

3.1 MATTER HAS MASS AND OCCUPIES SPACE

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter

1. ________________ __ Living things 2. ________________ __ 1. ________________ Non __ - living things 2. ________________ __

3. ________________
__ 4. ________________ __ 5. ________________

3. ________________
__ 4. ________________ __ 5. ________________

EXAMPLE OF NON MATTER

1)

______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________

2)

3)

4)

5)

______________________

3.2 THE THREE STATES OF MATTER

Matter consists of tiny discrete particles. Particles (atom) are basic unit of matter. Matter exists in three states:
a) b) c)

Solid Liquid Gas

THE ARRANGEMENT AND MOVEMENT OF

PARTICLES
1.

Solid

Very close together, tightly packed, orderly arranged Cannot move

2.

Liquid

Moderately close together, not well packed, not orderly arranged Can move freely

3.

Gas

Far apart, loosely packed, not orderly arranged Can move freely in any direction

 The

random movement of particles of matter is known as the Brownian movement.

PROPERTIES STATE OF MATTER

Properties Shape Solid Fix shape Liquid Follow container shape Fix mass Fix volume Gas Follow container shape Fix mass Doesnt has fix volume Can be compress

Mass Volume

Fix mass Fix volume

Compressibility

Cannot be compress

Difficult to compress

Selasa

30/4/13

EXERCISE 3.1
Mark () in the box wherever appicable. Has mass (a)Sunlight (b) Smoke (c) Wood Occupies space

(d) Light energy

(e) Sea water

Fill in the blanks using the words given below.

volume weight mass space matter

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies ________________. _________________ Soil, air and water they are have

because

________________ under the influence of gravitational pull

and they also have __________________ which can be measured. The __________________ of matter can be measured using a lever balance whereas the volume of matter can be measured using appropriate apparatus.

__________________

Classify the following _ into two groups based on their common characteristics.
Steam

Cells Electricity Common characteristic

Clouds Lightning __________________ Metals Rubber

_ Bones Vacuum Have _______________ __________________ Occupy _____________ _

Soil

Air

Light Hearts

Sound Fire

Have no ____________ Do not occupy _______ ___________________

__________________
_ Examples __________________ _ __________________

___________________
___________________ ___________________

Complete the following diagram with the words given below to show the states of matter.
Sugar Air Mercury Liquid Table Petrol Carbon dioxide Gas

Matter
(a) ___________ Examples Water

Solid Examples Ice

(b) __________

Examples Steam

(c) _____________
(d) _____________

(e) ____________
(f) ____________

(g) ____________
(h) ____________

Draw a line to indicate the state of matter of each object.

Umbrella Solid Liquid Gas

Oil
Book Paint

Cooking gas

Tick () where is appropriate to show some of the characteristics of the different states of matter.

Characteristic

State of matter Solid Liquid Gas

(a) Can be weighed (b) Occupies space (c) Has a fixed shape

(d) Has a fixed volume

The following table shows the properties of particles in the different states of matter. Movement of particles Space between particles Arrangement of particles

a) Cannot move freely

b) Move freely and fast c) Move freely but slowly

d) Very small
e) Small f) Very big

g) Packed quite closely

h) Packed very close together i) Not arranged at all

Indicate the properties of each item in the following table by following table by writing down the letter for each property given in the above table. Matter (i) Particles in solid (ii) Particles in liquid (iii) Particles in gas

Properties

3.3 THE CONCEPT OF DENSITY

Why metal spoon, rubber eraser and glass marble

sink
while plastic cup, styrofoam cup and wooden block

float?

This is because they have different densities.

Mass (g) Density (g/cm) = Volume (cm)

Take a look at the two boxes below. Each box has the same volume. If each ball has the same mass, which box would weigh more? Why?

The box that has more balls has more mass per unit of volume. This property of matter is called density. The density of a material helps to distinguish it from other materials.

PROBLEMS RELATED TO DENSITY (TEXT BOOK PG13)

Mass (g)
Density (g/cm) =

Volume (cm)

Example 1: The mass of 5 cm of copper is 44.5 g. What is its density? Example 2: The density of water is 1.0 g/cm . What is the mass of 150 cm of water? Example 3: A 12cm wooden block has a mass of 9.6 g. Find out whether it floats or sinks in cooking oil. ( The density of cooking oil = 0.7 g/cm )

Example 4: The mass of 5 cm of iron is 39.5 g. What is its density? Example 5: The density of glass is 2.6 g/cm. What is the mass of 15 cm of glass? Example 6: An 8 cm ice cube has a mass of 7.2 g. Predict whether it floats or sinks in cooking oil (0.7 g/cm). Example 7: 8 cm of silver has a mass of 84 g. 5 cm of gold has a mass 96.5 g. Which substance is denser?

The Importance of Density

1.

2.

3.

Density of an object( solid or liquid) can be decided whether the object float or sink. A less dense object floats in denser liquid while a denser object sink in a less dense liquid. Density of water is1 g/cm3 .
Cork ( 0.25 g/cm3) Petrol ( 0.75 g/cm3)

Wood( 0.8 g/cm3)

Water ( 1.0 g/cm3) Lead ( 11.4 g/cm3) Mercury ( 13.6 g/cm3)

Across
2. If a stone is immersed in a container of water, the water level .

4. If the density of a substance is the same as the density of the liquid in which it is immersed, the substance will be in the liquid. 8. Density is mass divided by 10. Unit of density is grams per Down . .

1. Measure of how close and how heavy are the

particles of matter in an object. 3. Substances that are more dense than water will . 5. Liquid with a density less than water. 6. Density of water is gram per millilitre. metre.

7. Unit of density is kilograms per

9. Substance whose density is less than that of water will .

11. Very dense metal used in fishing sinkers.