Can Ban Ve Dia Chi IP PDF

Su t!p b%i Nghim Ph C(ng, http://www.diachiweb.com, email: cuonngp@diachiweb.
com
1
Cu trc $%a ch( trn Internet
(+%a ch( IP)
I. Gi-i thi0u chung
II. Cu trc $%a ch( IP
Thnh ph2n, hnh d4ng c5a $%a ch( v cc l-p $%a ch(
1. +%a ch( l-p A (A Class)
!a ch$ m'ng (Net ID)
!a ch$ cc my ch) trn m+t m'ng (Host ID)

2. +%a ch( l-p B (B Class)
!a ch$ cc my ch) trn m+t m'ng (Host ID

3. +%a ch( l-p C (C Class)
*!a ch$ cc my ch) trn m+t m'ng (Host ID)

4. +%a ch( m4ng con c5a Internet (IP Subnetting)
Nguyn nhn v ph./ng php chia 0!a ch$ m'ng con
Default Mask (gi tr! tr1n 0!a ch$ m'ng)
Subnet Mask (gi tr! tr1n c)a t1ng m'ng con)
a) !a ch$ m'ng con c)a 0!a ch$ l3p C
2 m'ng con
6 m'ng con
b) !a ch$ m'ng con t5 0!a ch$ l3p B
5. Ph7 l7c tham kh8o $%a ch( m4ng con l-p B
Su t!p b%i Nghim Ph C(ng, http://www.diachiweb.com, email: cuonngp@diachiweb.com
2

Ph2n I - Gi-i thi0u chung
Nh. chng ta 0 bi7t Internet l m+t m'ng my tnh ton c1u , do hng nghn m'ng my tnh t5
kh:p m<i n/i n=i l'i t'o nn. Khc v3i cch t> ch@c theo cc cAp: n+i h't, lin t$nh, qu=c t7 c)a m+t
m'ng viBn thng nh. m'ng tho'i chDng h'n, m'ng Internet t> ch@c ch$ c m+t cAp, cc m'ng my
tnh d nhE, d to khi n=i vo Internet 0Fu bnh 0Dng v3i nhau. Do cch t> ch@c nh. vGy nn trn
Internet c cAu trc 0!a ch$, cch 0nh 0!a ch$ 0Hc biIt, trong khi cch 0nh 0!a ch$ 0=i v3i m'ng viBn
thng l'i 0/n giJn h/n nhiFu.
=i v3i m'ng viBn thng nh. m'ng tho'i chDng h'n, khch hng K cc vng khc nhau hon ton
c thL c cng s= 0iIn tho'i, phn biIt v3i nhau bMng m vng, m t$nh hay m qu=c t7. =i v3i
m'ng Internet , do cch t> ch@c ch$ c m+t cAp nn mNi m+t khch hng hay m+t my ch) ( Host )
hoHc Router 0Fu c m+t 0!a ch$ internet duy nhAt m khng 0.Oc php trng v3i bAt kP ai. Do vGy
m 0!a ch$ trn Internet thRc sR l m+t ti nguyn.
Hng chSc triIu my ch) trn hng trTm nghn m'ng. L 0!a ch$ khng 0.Oc trng nhau c1n phJi c
cAu trc 0!a ch$ 0Hc biIt quJn l th=ng nhAt v m+t T> ch@c c)a Internet g<i l Trung tm thng tin
m'ng Internet - Network Information Center ( NIC ) ch) tr phn ph=i, NIC ch$ phn 0!a ch$ m'ng (
Net ID ) cn 0!a ch$ my ch) trn m'ng 0 ( Host ID ) do cc T> ch@c quJn l Internet c)a t5ng qu=c
gia m+t tR phn ph=i. (Trong thRc t7 0L c thL 0!nh tuy7n (routing ) trn m'ng Internet ngoi 0!a ch$
IP cn c1n 07n tn ring c)a cc my ch) (Host) - Domain Name ). Cc ph1n ti7p theo chng ta hy
nghin c@u cAu trc 0Hc biIt c)a 0!a ch$ Internet.
Ph2n II: Cu trc $%a ch( IP
a/ Thnh ph2n v hnh d4ng c5a $%a ch( IP
!a ch$ IP 0ang 0.Oc sV dSng hiIn t'i (IPv4) c 32 bit chia thnh 4 Octet ( mNi Octet c 8 bit, t./ng
0./ng 1 byte ) cch 07m 0Fu t5 tri qua phJi bt 1 cho 07n bt 32, cc Octet tch biIt nhau bMng
dAu chAm (.), bao gWm c 3 thnh ph1n chnh.

Bit 1................................................................................... 32

Bit nhGn d'ng l3p ( Class bit )

!a ch$ c)a m'ng ( Net ID )

!a ch$ c)a my ch) ( Host ID ).
Ghi ch: Tn l !a ch$ my ch' nh)ng th*c t+ khng ch$ c my ch' m t/t c1 cc my con
(Workstation), cc c2ng truy nh5p v.v..67u c9n c 6!a ch$.
Bit nhGn d'ng l3p (Class bit) 0L phn biIt 0!a ch$ K l3p no.
1/ - !a ch$ Internet biLu hiIn K d'ng bit nh! phn:
x y x y x y x y. x y x y x y x y. x y x y x y x y. x y x y x y x y
x, y = 0 hoHc 1.
V dS:
0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0. 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1. 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0. 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
3
bit nhGn d'ng Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4
2/ - !a ch$ Internet biLu hiIn K d'ng thGp phn: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
x l s= thGp phn t5 0 07n 9
V dS: 146. 123. 110. 224
D'ng vi7t 01y 0) c)a 0!a ch$ IP l 3 con s= trong t5ng Octet. V dS: 0!a ch$ IP th.Xng thAy trn thRc
t7 c thL l 53.143.10.2 nh.ng d'ng 01y 0) l 053.143.010.002.
b / Cc l-p $%a ch( IP
!a ch$ IP chia ra 5 l3p A,B,C, D, E. HiIn t'i 0 dng h7t l3p A,B v g1n h7t l3p C, cn l3p D v E
T> ch@c internet 0ang 0L dnh cho mSc 0ch khc khng phn, nn chng ta ch$ nghin c@u 3 l3p
01u.

Qua cAu trc cc l3p 0!a ch$ IP chng ta c nhGn xt sau:

Bit nhGn d'ng l nhYng bit 01u tin - c)a l3p A l 0, c)a l3p B l 10, c)a l3p C l 110.
4

L3p D c 4 bit 01u tin 0L nhGn d'ng l 1110, cn l3p E c 5 bt 01u tin 0L nhGn d'ng l 11110.

!a ch$ l3p A: !a ch$ m'ng t v 0!a ch$ my ch) trn t5ng m'ng nhiFu.

!a ch$ l3p B: !a ch$ m'ng v5a phJi v 0!a ch$ my ch) trn t5ng m'ng v5a phJi.

!a ch$ l3p C: !a ch$ m'ng nhiFu, 0!a ch$ my ch) trn t5ng m'ng t.
!a ch$ l:p Vng 6!a ch$ l thuy+t
S= m>ng
t=i 6a s? d@ng
S= my ch' t=i 6a
trn tAng m>ng
A T5 0.0.0.0 07n 127.0.0.0 126 16777214
B T5 128.0.0.0 07n 191.255.0.0 16382 65534
C T5 192.0.0.0 07n 223.255.255.0 2097150 254
D T5 224.0.0.0 07n 240.0.0.0 Khng phn
E T5 241.0.0.0 07n 255.0.0.0 Khng phn

!a ch$ l:p Vng 6!a ch$ s? d@ng Bit nh5n d>ng
S= bit dng 6C
phn cho m>ng
A T5 1 07n 127 0 7
B T5 128.1 07n 191.254 10 14
C T5 192.0.1 07n 223.255.254 110 21
D 1110 ---
E 11110 ---
Nh. vGy n7u chng ta thAy 1 0!a ch$ IP c 4 nhm s= cch nhau bMng dAu chAm, n7u thAy nhm s=
th@ nhAt nhE h/n 126 bi7t 0!a ch$ ny K l3p A, nMm trong khoJng 128 07n 191 bi7t 0!a ch$ ny K l3p
B v t5 192 07n 223 bi7t 0!a ch$ ny K l3p C.
Ghi nh: !a ch$ th*c t+ khng phn trong tr)Dng hEp t/t c1 cc bit trong mFt hay nhi7u Octet s?
d@ng cho 6!a ch$ m>ng hay 6!a ch$ my ch' 67u bGng 0 hay 67u bGng 1. i7u ny 6ng cho t/t c1
cc l:p 6!a ch$.
i / $%a ch( L-p A
T>ng qut chung:

Bit th@ nhAt l bit nhGn d'ng l3p A = 0.

7 bit cn l'i trong Octet th@ nhAt dnh cho 0!a ch$ m'ng.

3 Octet cn l'i c 24 bit dnh cho 0!a ch$ c)a my Ch).
Class A: ( 0 - 126 )

- net id: 126 m4ng
- host id:16.777.214 my ch5 trn m9t m4ng
a/ +%a ch( m4ng (Net ID)
5
1/ Kh8 n;ng phn $%a ch(
Khi 07m s= bit chng ta 07m t5 tri qua phJi, nh.ng khi tnh gi tr! thGp phn 2
n
c)a bit l'i tnh t5
phJi qua tri, b:t 01u t5 bit 0. Octet th@ nhAt dnh cho 0!a ch$ m'ng, bit 7 = 0 l bit nhGn d'ng l3p A.
7 bit cn l'i t5 bit 0 07n bit 6 dnh cho 0!a ch$ m'ng ( 2
7
) = 128. Nh.ng trn thRc t7 0!a ch$ khi tAt cJ
cc bit bMng 0 hoHc bMng 1 0Fu khng phn cho m'ng. Khi gi tr! cc bit 0Fu bMng 0, gi tr! thGp
phn 0 l khng c ngh[a, cn 0!a ch$ l 127 khi cc bit 0Fu bMng 1 dng 0L thng bo n+i b+, nn
trn thRc t7 cn l'i 126 m'ng.
Octet 1

Cch tnh 0!a ch$ m'ng l3p A.

S= th@ tR Bit (n)- tnh t5 phJi qua tri: 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Gi tr! nh! phn (0 hay 1) c)a Bit: x x x x x x x

Gi tr! thGp phn t./ng @ng khi gi tr! bit = 1 s] l 2
n

Gi tr! thGp phn t./ng @ng khi gi tr! bit = 0 khng tnh.

Gi tr! thGp phn l3n nhAt khi gi tr! c)a 7 bit 0Fu bMng 1 l 127.
Xin xem bJng tnh tr<n v^n gi tr! c)a tAt cJ cc Bit
Nh= v>y kh8 n;ng phn $%a ch( c5a l-p A cho 126 m4ng -

2/ Bi?u hi0u $%a ch( trn thAc tB: TC 001 $Bn 126

b / +%a ch( c5a cc my ch5 trn m9t m4ng
Ba Octet sau gWm 24 bit 0.Oc tnh t5 bit 0 07n bit 23 dnh cho 0!a ch$ my ch) trn t5ng m'ng.

V3i cch tnh nh. trn, 0L 0.Oc t>ng s= my ch) trn m+t m'ng ta c.

6
Ga tr! t);ng Ing v:i Bit n
23.22.21.20.19.18.16.|15.14.13.12.11.10.9.8.|7.6.5.4.3.2.1.0
Gi tr! 2n !a ch$
..0...0...0...0...0...0...0.|.0...0...0...0...0...0..0.0.|0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0 000
..0...0...0...0...0...0...0.|.0...0...0...0...0...0..0.0.|0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0 2
0
001
..0...0...0...0...0...0...0.|.0...0...0...0...0...0..0.0.|0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0 2
1
002
................................... . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................... . . . . . . . . . . . .
..1...1...1...1...1...1...1.|.1...1...1...1...1...1..1.1.|1.1.1.1.1.1.1.0 2
23
+...+2
1
16777214
..1...1...1...1...1...1...1.|.1...1...1...1...1...1..1.1.|1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 16777215
<------Octet2-------><-------Octet3--------->|<--Octet4---->

!a ch$ khi cc bit 0Fu bMng 0 hay bMng 1 bE ra. Trn thRc t7 cn l'i 224-2 = 16 777 214
Nh. vGy khJ nTng phn 0!a ch$ cho 16 777 214 my ch).
2/ Bi?u hi0n $%a ch( trn thAc tB
Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4

Octet 2

Ga tr! t);ng Ing v:i
thI t* bit (n)
76543210

Gi tr! 2n

!a ch$ my ch'
00000000 000
00000001 2
0
001
00000010 2
1
002
00000011 2
1
+2
0
003
................ ........... ......
................ ........... ......
11111111 2
7
+2
6
+2
5
+2
4
+2
3
+2
2
+2
1
+2
0
255
7
Nh= v>y gi tr% th>p phn E Octet 2 tnh tC 000 t-i 255.

Octet 3

thI t* bit (n)
76543210

Gi tr! 2n

!a ch$ my ch'
00000000 000
00000001 2
0
001
00000010 2
1
002
00000011 2
1
+2
0
003
................ ........... ......
................ ........... ......
11111111 2
7
+2
6
+2
5
+2
4
+2
3
+2
2
+2
1
+2
0
255

Octet 4

thI t* bit (n)
76543210

Gi tr! 2n

!a ch$ my ch'
00000000 000 Khng phn
00000001 2
0
001
00000010 2
1
002
00000011 2
1
+2
0
003
................ ........... ......
................ ........... ......
11111110 2
7
+2
6
+2
5
+2
4
+2
3
+2
2
+2
1
254
11111111 2
7
+2
6
+2
5
+2
4
+2
3
+2
2
+2
1
+2
0
255 Khng phn
8
T>ng qut l'i t'i 0!a ch$ c)a m+t m'ng, khi l1n l.Ot thay 0>i cc gi tr! c)a cc Octet 2, 3, 4.ta s] c
16 777 216 khJ nTng thay 0>i m cc con s= khng trng lHp nhau ( Combinations ) c nghi l 16
777 216 0!a ch$ c)a my ch) trn m'ng, nh.ng thRc t7 phn ch$ l
(256 x 256 x 256) - 2 =16 777 214
BiLu hiIn trn thRc t7 l ba s= thGp phn trong 3 Octet cch nhau dAu.
TC 000. 000. 0001 $Bn 255. 255. 254
K#t lu'n: !a ch$ l:p A c thC phn cho 126 m>ng v mJi mFt m>ng c 16 777 214 my ch'. Ni
cch khc 6!a ch$ th*c t+ sL t* 001.000.000.001 -#n 126.255.255.254
V dS: M+t 0!a ch$ 01y 0) c)a l3p A: 124. 234. 200. 254. Trong 0:

!a ch$ m'ng: 124

!a ch$ my ch): 234.200.254
II / $%a ch( L-p B
T>ng qut chung:

2 bit 01u tin 0L nhGn d'ng l3p B l 1 v 0.

14 bit cn l'i trong 2 Octet 01u tin dnh cho 0!a ch$ m'ng.

2 Octet cn l'i gWm 16 bit dnh cho 0!a ch$ my Ch).
- net id:
16.382 m4ng
- host id: 65.534 my ch5 trn m9t m4ng
a/ *+a ch- m/ng
Octet 1 Octet 2

Hai Octet 01u tin c 16 bit 0L phn cho 0!a ch$ m'ng, 2 bit ( bit 1 v bit 2 ) kL t5 tri sang c gi tr!
l1n l.Ot l 1 v 0 dng 0L nhGn d'ng 0!a ch$ l3p B. Nh. vGy cn l'i 14 bit 0L cho Net ID - 0!a ch$
m'ng.
9

Theo cch tnh nh. c)a 0!a ch$ m'ng L3p A ta c.
Ga tr! bit
13.12.11.10.9.8 7.6.5.4.3.2.1.0
Gi tr! 2n !a ch$ m>ng
..0...0...0...0..0.0 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0 000
..0...0...0...0..0.0 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1 2
0
001
..0...0...0...0..0.0 0.0.0.0.0.0.1.0 2
1
002
....................... . . . . . . . . . . . .
....................... . . . . . . . . . . . .
..1...1...1...1..1.1 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.0 2
13
+...2
1
16 382
..1...1...1...1..1.1 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 2
13
+... 2
0
Khng phn
<-----Octet1-----> <--Octet2----->
T./ng tR nh. 0!a ch$ L3p A, cc bit 0Fu bMng 0 v cc bit 0Fu bMng 1 0.Oc bE ra, nn thRc t7 gi tr!
thGp phn ch$ t5 1 07n 16 382 c ngh[a phn 0.Oc cho 16 382 m'ng.
2/ Bi?u hi0n trn thAc tB.
BiLu hiIn 0!a ch$ trn thRc t7 thL hiIn s= thGp phn trong 2 Octet cch nhau bMng dAu chAm (. ).
Cch tnh s= thGp phn cho t5ng Octet m+t.
Octet 1

thI t* bit (n)
76543210

Gi tr! 2n
Net ID
!a ch$ m>ng
10000000 2
7
128
10000001 2
7
+2
0
129
10000010 2
7
+2
1
130
10000011 2
7
+2
1
+2
0
131
................ ........... ......
10111111 2
7
+2
6
+2
5
+2
4
+2
3
+2
2
+2
1
+2
0
191
10
!a ch$ m'ng c)a L3p A t5 001 07n 126. ( khng phn 127 ). Nh. vGy 0!a ch$ m'ng c)a L3p B K
Octet th@ nhAt s] t5 128 cho 07n 191.
Nh= v>y gi tr% th>p phn c5a Octet 1 tC 128 $Bn 191.
Octet 2

thI t* bit (n)
76543210

Gi tr! 2n

Net ID
!a ch$ m>ng
00000000 000 Khng phn
00000001 2
0
001
00000010 2
1
002
00000011 2
1
+2
0
003
................ ........... ......
................ ........... ......
11111110 2
7
+2
6
+2
5
+2
4
+2
3
+2
2
+2
1
254
11111111 2
7
+2
6
+2
5
+2
4
+2
3
+2
2
+2
1
+2
0
255 Khng phn
Nh. vGy: !a ch$ m'ng l3p B biLu hiIn trn thRc t7 gWm 2 Octet
tC 128.001 cho $Bn 191. 254
c ngh[a phn 0.Oc cho 16 382 m'ng ( 214 - 2 ).

b / +%a ch( cc my ch5 trn m9t m4ng
1 / Kh8 n;ng phn $%a ch(
Octet 3 v 4 gWm 16 bit 0L dnh cho 0!a ch$ c)a cc my ch) trn t5ng m'ng.
11

Ga tr! Bit
.15.14.13.12.11.10..9.8.|7.6.5.4.3.2.1.0
Gi tr! 2
n
!a ch$
..0...0...0...0...0...0..0.0.|0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0 000
..0...0...0...0...0...0..0.0.|0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1 2
0
001
..0...0...0...0...0...0..0.0.|0.0.0.0.0.0.1.0 2
1
002
..0...0...0...0...0...0..0.0.|0.0.0.0.0.0.1.1 2
1
+2
0
003
................................... . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................... . . . . . . . . . . . .
..1...1...1...1...1...1..1.1.|1.1.1.1.1.1.1.0 2
15
+...2
1
65534
..1...1...1...1...1...1..1.1.|1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 2
15
+... 2
0
65535
<--------Octet 3------->|<---Octet 4-->

!a ch$ c)a cc bit bMng 0 v bMng 1 bE ra, KhJ nTng thRc t7 cn l'i 65534 $%a ch( ( 2
16
- 2)0L phn
cho cc my ch) trn m+t m'ng.
2/ Bi?u hi0n $%a ch( trn thAc tB
Octet 3

thI t* bit (n)
76543210

Gi tr! 2
n

!a ch$ my ch'
00000000 000
00000001 2
0
001
00000010 2
1
002
00000011 2
1
+2
0
003
........... ......
................ ........... ......
11111111 2
7
+2
6
+2
5
+2
4
+2
3
+2
2
+2
1
+2
0
255
12

Octet 4

thI t* bit (n)
76543210

Gi tr! 2
n

!a ch$ my ch'
00000000 000 Khng phn
00000001 2
0
001
00000010 2
1
002
00000011 2
1
+2
0
003
................ ........... ......
................ ........... ......
11111110 2
7
+2
6
+2+2
5
+2
4
+2
3
+2+2
2
+2
1
254
11111111 2
7
+2
6
+2
5
+2
4
+2
3
+2
2
+2
1
+2
0
255 Khng phn
BiLu hiIn 0!a ch$ my ch) trn thRc t7 c)a L3p B l
tC 000. 001 $Bn 255. 254
K#t lu'n: !a ch$ L:p B c thC phn cho 16 382 m>ng v mJi m>ng c 6+n 65 534 my ch'. Ni
cch khc 6!a ch$ phn trong th*c t+ sL
tA 128. 001. 000. 001 6+n 191. 254. 255. 254
V dS: M+t 0!a ch$ 01y 0) c)a l3p B l 130.130.130.130. Trong 0:

!a ch$ m'ng: 130.130

!a ch$ my ch): 130.130

13
III/ $%a ch( L-p C
T>ng qut chung.

3 bit 01u tin 0L nhGn d'ng l3p C l 1,1,0.

21 bit cn l'i trong 3 Octet 01u dnh cho 0!a ch$ m'ng.

Octet cu=i cng c 8 bit dnh cho 0!a ch$ my ch).

- net id: 2.097.150 m4ng
- host id: 254 mych5/1 m4ng
a / +%a ch( m4ng
21 bit cn l'i c)a 3 Octet 01u dnh cho 0!a ch$ m'ng

Gi tr! t);ng Ing v:i bit n
20.19.18.17.16.|15.14.13.12.11.10.9.8.|7.6.5.4.3.2.1.0
Gi tr! 2
n

!a ch$
m>ng
.0...0...0...0...0..|.0...0...0...0...0...0..0.0.|0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0. 0
.0...0...0...0...0..|.0...0...0...0...0...0..0.0.|0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1. 20 1
.0...0...0...0...0..|.0...0...0...0...0...0..0.0.|0.0.0.0.0.0.1.0. 21 2
......................... . . .
......................... . . .
.1...1...1...1...1..|.1...1...1...1...1...1..1.1.|1.1.1.1.1.1.1.0. 2
20
+...+2
1
2097150
.1...1...1...1...1..|.1...1...1...1...1...1..1.1.|1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. 2
20
+...+2
0
2097151
<--Octet 1---->|<------Octet 2-------->|<----Octet 3-->

Cc bit 0Fu bMng 0 hay bMng 1 khng phn, nn khJ nTng phn 0!a ch$ cho m'ng K l3p C l 2 097
150 hoHc bMng 2
21
- 2.
2/ Bi?u hi0n trn thAc tB
Octet 1
14

thI t* bit (n)
76543210

Gi tr! 2
n

Net ID
!a ch$ m>ng
11000000 2
7
+2
6
192
11000001 2
7
+2
6
+2
0
193
11000010 2
7
+2
6
+2
1
194
11000011 2
7
+2
6
+2
1
+2
0
195
................ ........... ......
................ ........... ......
11011111 2
7
+2
6
+2
5
+2
4
+2
3
+2
2
+2
1
+2
0
223

Octet 2

thI t* bit (n)
76543210

Gi tr! 2
n

Net ID
!a ch$ m>ng
00000000 000
00000001 2
0
001
00000010 2
1
002
00000011 2
1
+2
0
003
................ ........... ......
................ ........... ......
11111111 2
7
+2
6
+2
5
+2
4
+2
3
+2
2
+2
1
+2
0
255

Octet 3
15

thI t* bit (n)
76543210

Gi tr! 2
n

Net ID
!a ch$ m>ng
00000000 000 Khng phn
00000001 2
0
001
00000010 2
1
002
00000011 2
1
+2
0
003
................ ........... ......
................ ........... ......
11111110 2
7
+2
6
+2+2
5
+2
4
+2
3
+2+2
2
+2
1
254
11111111 2
7
+2
6
+2
5
+2
4
+2
3
+2
2
+2
1
+2
0
255 Khng phn
K#t lu'n: !a ch$ dnh cho m>ng c'a l:p C c kh1 nNng phn cho 2097150 m>ng, ni cch khc
trn th*c t+ sL
tA 192. 000. 001 6+n 223. 255. 254

b / $%a ch( my ch5 trn tCng m4ng
Octet 4 c 8 bit 0L phn 0!a ch$ cho cc my ch) trn m+t m'ng.
Octet 4

thI t* bit (n)
76543210

Gi tr! 2
n

!a ch$ my ch'
16
00000000 000 Khng phn
00000001 2
0
001
00000010 2
1
002
00000011 2
1
+2
0
003
................ ........... ......
................ ........... ......
11111110 2
7
+2
6
+2+2
5
+2
4
+2
3
+2+2
2
+2
1
254
11111111 2
7
+2
6
+2
5
+2
4
+2
3
+2
2
+2
1
+2
0
255 Khng phn
Nh. vGy khJ nTng cho my ch) trn t5ng m'ng c)a 0!a ch$ l3p C l 254 hay 2
8
- 2.
2/ Bi?u hi0n trn thAc t: TC 001 $Bn 254.
K#t lu'n: !a ch$ l:p C c thC phn cho 2 097 150 m>ng v mJi mFt m>ng c 254 my ch'. Ni
cch khc sL t* 192. 000. 001. 001 -#n 223. 255. 254.254
V dS m+t 0!a ch$ Internet l3p C 01y 0): 198. 010. 122. 230. Trong 0:

!a ch$ m'ng: 198.010.122

!a ch$ my ch): 230
V dS: Trung tm thng tin m'ng Internet vng Chu - Thi bnh d./ng ( APNIC ) phn cho VDC 8
0!a ch$ c)a l3p C c thL phn cho 8 m'ng t5 203.162.0.0 cho 07n 203.162.7.0. Nhm s= th@ nhAt l
203 cho bi7t 0y l nhYng kh=i 0!a ch$ K l3p C.
!a ch$ 01y 0) c)a m+t kh=i 0!a ch$ 203.162.0.0 phJi l 203.162.000.000, chng ta 0.Oc sV dSng
tr<n v^n octet cu=i cng c ngh[a l 0.Oc 254 0!a ch$ my ch) v 01u cu=i trn m+t m'ng. V dS
m'ng 203.162.0 s] c 0!a ch$ 01u cu=i t5 203.162.0.000 07n 203.162.0. 255. Nh. vGy t>ng c+ng
VDC c 8x254=2032 0!a ch$ l thuy7t 0L phn cho cc my ch) v 01u cu=i trn 8 m'ng 203.162.0 ;
203.162.1;.....203.162.7 v.v..

Nh. vGy 0!a ch$ m'ng l c= 0!nh, chng ta ch$ 0.Oc quyFn phn 0!a ch$ cho my ch) trn m'ng 0.

9.
17

Iv / +%a ch( m4ng con c5a Internet (IP subnetting)
a/ Nguyn nhn
Nh. 0 nu trn 0!a ch$ trn Internet thRc sR l m+t ti nguyn, m+t m'ng khi gia nhGp Internet 0.Oc
Trung tm thng tin m'ng Internet ( NIC) phn cho m+t s= 0!a ch$ v5a 0) dng v3i yu c1u lc 0,
sau ny n7u m'ng pht triLn thm l'i phJi xin NIC thm, 0 l 0iFu khng thuGn tiIn cho cc nh
khai thc m'ng.
H/n nYa cc l3p 0!a ch$ c)a Internet khng phJi hon ton ph hOp v3i yu c1u thRc t7, 0!a ch$ l3p
B chDng h'n, mNi m+t 0!a ch$ m'ng c thL cAp cho 65534 my ch), ThRc t7 c m'ng nhE ch$ c vi
chSc my ch) th s] lng ph rAt nhiFu 0!a ch$ cn l'i m khng ai dng 0.Oc . L kh:c phSc vAn 0F
ny v tGn dSng t=i 0a 0!a ch$ 0.Oc NIC phn, b:t 01u t5 nTm 1985 ng.Xi ta ngh[ 07n !a ch$ m'ng
con.
Nh. vGy phn 0!a ch$ m'ng con l mK r+ng 0!a ch$ cho nhiFu m'ng trn c/ sK m9t $%a ch( m4ng
m NIC phn cho, ph hOp v3i s= l.Ong thRc t7 my ch) c trn t5ng m'ng.
b/ Ph=.ng php phn chia $%a ch( m4ng con
Tr.3c khi nghin c@u ph1n ny chng ta c1n phJi hiLu qua m+t s= khi niIm lin quan t3i viIc phn
0!a ch$ cc m'ng con.
1/ - Default Mask: (Gi tr! tr1n 0!a ch$ m'ng) 0.Oc 0!nh ngh[a tr.3c cho t5ng l3p 0!a ch$ A,B,C. ThRc
chAt l gi tr! thGp phn cao nhAt (khi tAt cJ 8 bit 0Fu bMng 1) trong cc Octet dnh cho 0!a ch$ m'ng
- Net ID.
Default Mask:
L3p A 255.0.0.0
L3p B 255.255.0.0
L3p C 255.255.255.0
2/ - Subnet Mask: ( gi tr! tr1n c)a t5ng m'ng con)
Subnet Mask l k7t hOp c)a Default Mask v3i gi tr! thGp phn cao nhAt c)a cc bit lAy t5 cc Octet
c)a 0!a ch$ my ch) sang ph1n 0!a ch$ m'ng 0L t'o 0!a ch$ m'ng con.
Subnet Mask bao giF cGng $i km v-i $%a ch( m4ng tiu chuIn $? cho ng=Fi $Jc biBt $%a ch(
m4ng tiu chuIn ny dng c8 cho 254 my ch5 hay chia ra thnh cc m4ng con. MKt khc n
cn gip Router trong vi0c $%nh tuyBn cu9c gJi.
Nguyn tMc chung:

LAy b3t m+t s= bit c)a ph1n 0!a ch$ my ch) 0L t'o 0!a ch$ m'ng con.

LAy 0i bao nhiu bit phS thu+c vo s= m'ng con c1n thi7t (Subnet mask) m nh khai thc m'ng
quy7t 0!nh s] t'o ra.
V 0!a ch$ l3p A v B 0Fu 0 h7t, h/n nYa hiIn t'i m'ng Internet c)a T>ng cng ty do VDC quJn l
0ang 0.Oc phn 8 0!a ch$ m'ng l3p C nn chng ta s] nghin c@u k_ phn chia 0!a ch$ m'ng con K
l3p C.
18

10

I / +%a ch( m4ng con c5a $%a ch( l-p C
Class c:

!a ch$ l3p C c 3 octet cho 0!a ch$ m'ng v 1 octet cu=i cho 0!a ch$ my ch) v vGy ch$ c 8 bit l
thuy7t 0L t'o m'ng con, thRc t7 n7u dng 1 bit 0L mK m'ng con v 7 bit cho 0!a ch$ my ch) th v`n
ch$ l m+t m'ng v ng.Oc l'i 7 bit 0L cho m'ng v 1 bit cho 0!a ch$ my ch) th m+t m'ng ch$ 0.Oc
m+t my, nh. vGy khng logic, t nhAt phJi dng 2 bit 0L mK r+ng 0!a ch$ v 2 bit cho 0!a ch$ my ch)
trn t5ng m'ng. Do vGy trn thRc t7 ch$ dng nh. bJng sau.

Default Mask c5a l-p C : 255.255.255.0
!a ch$
my ch'
<-------->
255.255.255.1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ; 192 ( 2 bit / ch! m$ng con 6 bit /ch!
my ch')
255.255.255.1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 ; 224 ( 3 bit /ch! m$ng con 5 bit /ch!
my ch')
my ch')
my ch')
my ch')
<---------------> <--------->
Default Mask !a ch$
m)ng con

Tr+,ng Subnetmask S/ l+3ng S/ my ch' tr4n
h3p m)ng con t6ng m)ng

1 255.255.255.192 2 62
19
2 255.255.255.224 6 30
3 255.255.255.240 14 14
4 255.255.255.248 30 6
5 255.255.255.252 62 2

B8ng 1: Kh8 n;ng chia m4ng con c5a $%a ch( L-p C
Nh. vGy m+t 0!a ch$ m'ng K l3p C ch$ c 5 tr=Fng hNp lAa chJn trn (Hay 5 Subnet Mask khc
nhau), tuP t5ng tr.Xng hOp cS thL 0L quy7t 0!nh s= m'ng con.
1/ Tr=Fng hNp 1 - Hai m4ng con
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.192.
T5 m+t 0!a ch$ tiu chuan t'o 0.Oc 0!a ch$ cho hai m'ng con, mNi m+t m'ng c 62 my ch).
SV dSng hai bit (bit 7 v 6) c)a ph1n 0!a ch$ my ch) 0L t'o m'ng con. Nh. vGy cn l'i 6 bit 0L phn
cho my ch).
a/ Tnh 0!a ch$ m'ng
Octet 4
Bit 7
6
5 4 3 2 1 0

xxx.xxx.xxx. 0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 = xxx.xxx.xxx.0

xxx.xxx.xxx. 0
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 = xxx.xxx.xxx.64

xxx.xxx.xxx. 1
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 =
xxx.xxx.xxx.128

xxx.xxx.xxx. 1
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 =
xxx.xxx.xxx.192

Ghi ch: xxx.xxx.xxx l 0!a ch$ m'ng tiu chuan c)a l3p C.
!a ch$ c)a m'ng l gi tr! c)a bit 7 v 6 l1n l.Ot bMng 0 v 1. Trong tr.Xng hOp chia 0!a ch$ m'ng
con khng bao giX 0.Oc dng 0!a ch$ khi cc bit 0Fu bMng 0 hay bMng 1. Do vGy tr.Xng hOp 2 m'ng
con ni trn, 0!a ch$ m'ng con s] l:

M'ng con 1: !a ch$ m'ng xxx.xxx.xxx.64

M'ng con 2: !a ch$ m'ng xxx.xxx.xxx.128
b/ Tnh 0!a ch$ cho my ch) cho m'ng con 1
Chng ta ch$ cn 6 bit cho 0!a ch$ my ch) trn t5ng m'ng.
20
Octet 4

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0

xxx.xxx.xxx. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0
= xxx.xxx.xxx.64 !a ch$ m'ng
xxx.xxx.xxx. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
1
= xxx.xxx.xxx.65
xxx.xxx.xxx. 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
0
= xxx.xxx.xxx.66
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
xxx.xxx.xxx. 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
0
= xxx.xxx.xxx.126
xxx.xxx.xxx. 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
=xxx.xxx.xxx.127 Khng phn
!a ch$ m'ng con 1

MNi m'ng cn l'i 62 0!a ch$ cho my ch).
M'ng 1: T5 xxx.xxx.xxx. 065 07n xxx.xxx.xxx.126
c/ Tnh 0!a ch$ cho my ch) cho m'ng con 2
T./ng tR nh. cch tnh trn ta c
Octet 4

Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

xxx.xxx.xxx. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = xxx.xxx.xxx.128 !a ch$ m'ng
xxx.xxx.xxx. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 = xxx.xxx.xxx.129
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
xxx.xxx.xxx. 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 = xxx.xxx.xxx.191 Khng phn
!a ch$ m'ng con 2

M'ng 2: !a ch$ my ch) trn m'ng 2.
T5 xxx.xxx.xxx.129 07n xxx.xxx.xxx.190.
TOng qut l4i:
Subnet ID Hosts
0 1-62
64 65-126
128 129-190
192 193-254
a/ M'ng con th@ nhAt
* / !a ch$ m'ng con: xxx.xxx.xxx.064
* / !a ch$ cc my ch) trn m'ng con ny t5.
xxx.xxx.xxx. 065
xxx.xxx.xxx. 066
xxx.xxx.xxx. 067
..............
07n xxx.xxx.xxx. 126
b/ M'ng con th@ 2
*/ !a ch$ m'ng con: xxx.xxx.xxx. 128
*/ !a ch$ cc my ch) trn m'ng con ny t5.
xxx.xxx.xxx. 129
xxx.xxx.xxx. 130
.............
07n xxx.xxx.xxx. 190
!a ch$ my ch) t5 1 07n 62 v t5 193 07n 254 v 127 ; 191 b! mAt, ngh[a l mAt 130 0!a ch$.
V d.: !a ch$ tiu chuan l3p C l 196. 200. 123
22
Subnetmask 255.255.255.192
T5 0!a ch$ ny ta c 2 m'ng con l:
* M'ng 1: !a ch$ m'ng 196.200.123.064
!a ch$ My ch) trn m'ng ny.
T5 196.200.123.065 07n 196. 200. 123. 126.
* M'ng 2: !a ch$ m'ng 196.200.123.128
!a ch$ my ch) trn m'ng ny.
T5 196.200.123.129 07n 196.200.123. 190
2/ Tr=Fng hNp 2 - Su m4ng con
Subnetmask: 255.255.255.224.
T'o 0.Oc 6 m'ng con, mNi m'ng con c 30 my ch)
a/ Tnh 0!a ch$ M'ng con
Tr.ng hOp ny sV dSng 3 bit ( bit 7,6,5) c)a 0!a ch$ my ch) (Octet 4) b> sung cho 0!a ch$ m'ng
tiu chuan 0L t'o m'ng con.
Octet 4

Bit 7 6
5
4 3 2 1
0

xxx.xxx.xxx. 0 0
0
0 0 0 0
0
= xxx.xxx.xxx.0
xxx.xxx.xxx. 0 0
1
0 0 0 0
0
= xxx.xxx.xxx.32
xxx.xxx.xxx. 0 1
0
0 0 0 0
0
= xxx.xxx.xxx.64
xxx.xxx.xxx. 0 1
1
0 0 0 0
0
= xxx.xxx.xxx.96
xxx.xxx.xxx. 1 0
0
0 0 0 0
0
= xxx.xxx.xxx.128
xxx.xxx.xxx. 1 0
1
0 0 0 0
0
= xxx.xxx.xxx.160
xxx.xxx.xxx. 1 1 0 0 0 0 = xxx.xxx.xxx.192
23
0 0
xxx.xxx.xxx. 1 1
1
0 0 0 0
0
= xxx.xxx.xxx.224
BE tr.Xng hOp cc bit 0Fu bMng 0 hay 1, chng ta cn l'i 0!a ch$ c)a 6 m'ng con sau.
xxx.xxx.xxx.32 ; M'ng con 1
b / Tnh 0!a ch$ my ch) cho m'ng con 1
Octet 4

Bit 7 6
5
4 3 2 1
0

xxx.xxx.xxx. 0 0
1
0 0 0 0
0
= xxx.xxx.xxx. 32 !a ch$ m'ng
xxx.xxx.xxx. 0 0
1
0 0 0 1
1
= xxx.xxx.xxx.33
xxx.xxx.xxx. 0 0
1
0 0 0 0
0
= xxx.xxx.xxx.34
xxx.xxx.xxx. 0 0
1
0 0 0 1
1
= xxx.xxx.xxx.35
xxx.xxx.xxx. 0 0
1
0 0 1 0
0
= xxx.xxx.xxx.36
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xxx.xxx.xxx. 0 0
1
1 1 1 1
0
= xxx.xxx.xxx.62
xxx.xxx.xxx. 0 0
1
1 1 1 1
1
= xxx.xxx.xxx.63 Khng phn
Nh. vGy 0!a ch$ my ch) c)a m'ng con 1 s] t5 33 07n 62.
24
T./ng tR nh. cch tnh 0 nu trn chng ta c thL tnh 0.Oc cho tAt cJ cc tr.Xng hOp cn l'i
(xem bJng 1) v 0.Oc t>ng hOp l'i nh. sau.
1/ Tr=Fng hNp 1: Subnetmask 255.255.255.192

2 m'ng con.

62 my ch) mNi m'ng.

6 m'ng con.

30 my ch) mNi m'ng.

14 m'ng con.

14 my ch) mNi m'ng

30 m'ng con.

6 my ch) mNi m'ng.
5/ Tr=Fng hNp 5: Subnetmask 255.255.255.252.

62 m'ng con.

2 my ch) mNi m'ng.
Xem bJng tnh 0!a ch$ cho cc tr.Xng hOp trn
V d7: !a ch$ m'ng l3p C m NIC phn cho VDC l 203.162.4.0. Trn 0!a ch$ ny phn ra 2 m'ng
con th 0!a ch$ s] l.
M'ng 1: !a ch$ m'ng 203.162.4.64.
!a ch$ my ch) trn m'ng 0 t5 203.162.4.65 07n 203.162.4.126
M'ng 2: !a ch$ m'ng 203.162.4.128.
!a ch$ my ch) trn m'ng 0 t5 203.162.4.129 07n 203.162.4.190

11.

II / +%a ch( m4ng con tC $%a ch( l-p B
Default Mask c)a l3p B l 255.255.0.0
class b:
25

Net ID - Khi phn 0!a ch$ m'ng con sV dSng Octet 3
!a ch$ l3p B c 2 Octet th@ 3 v th@ 4 dnh cho 0!a ch$ my ch) nn vF nguyn l c thL lAy 0.Oc
cJ 16 bit 0L t'o 0!a ch$ m'ng . N7u t5 m+t 0!a ch$ m'ng 0.Oc NIC phn chng ta 0!nh mK r+ng ln
254 m'ng v mNi m'ng s] c 254 my ch). Tr.Xng hOp ny s] lAy h7t 8 bit c)a octet th@ 3 b> sung
vo 0!a ch$ m'ng v ch$ cn l'i 8 bit thRc t7 cho 0!a ch$ my ch), theo cch tnh s= thGp phn 2
n
gi
tr! c)a 8 bit nh. 0 nu K ph1n l3p C, chng ta s] c:
B8ng phn chia $%a ch( m4ng con E l-p B
Class B
Subnetting (Default
Subnet mask)
255.255.0.0
Subnet Mask
#of subnets
S= m>ng con
#of hosts per
subnet
S= my ch' trn
mJi m>ng con
255.255.192.0 2 16382
255.255.224.0 6 8190
255.255.240.0 14 4094
255.255.248.0 30 2460
255.255.252.0 62 1022
255.255.254.0 126 510
SV dSng Octet 3 0L mK
r+ng m'ng con
255.255..255.0 254 254
255.255.255.128 510 126
255.255.255.192 1022 62
255.255.255.224 2046 30
255.255.255.240 4094 14
255.255.255.248 8190 6
SV dSng cJ Octet 4 0L
mK r+ng m'ng con
255.255.255.252 16382 2
!a ch$ l3p B vF l thuy7t c 2 octet 01u cho 0!a ch$ m'ng, khi chia m'ng con theo ph./ng php sV
dSng tAt cJ 8 bit trong 3 octet cho 0!a ch$ m'ng, trn thRc t./ng @ng v3i l3p C, nh. vGy vF 0!a ch$
NIC phn l l3p B nh.ng cch t> ch@c 0!a ch$ l'i K l3p C ( Xem BJng phS lSc phn 0!a ch$ m'ng con
K l3p B ).
Trong bJng ny c1n ch K c+t 6 - khoJng cch 0!a ch$ giYa 2 m'ng con gi3i thiIu cho chng ta
cch tnh 0!a ch$ cc m'ng con, 0!a ch$ cc my ch) trn t5ng m'ng lin quan t3i c+t 7,8,9,10.
26
V dS: Tr.Xng hOp Subnetmask 255.255.240.0 l r nhAt.
Chia 0.Oc 14 m'ng con, mNi m'ng con c 4094 my ch), khoJng cch 0!a ch$ giYa hai m'ng con l
16.0 c ngh[a.

M'ng con 1 c 0!a ch$ l xxx.yyy.16.0 ; M'ng con 2 s] c 0!a ch$ l xxx.yyy.16.0 + 16.0 =
xxx.yyy.32.0 c@ ti7p tSc nh. vGy ta s] tnh 0.Oc 0!a ch$ c)a t5ng m'ng con v m'ng con 14 l
xxx.yyy. 224.0.

!a ch$ my ch) 01u tin trn m'ng con 1 l xxx.yyy.16.1 ; 0!a ch$ my ch) 01u tin trn m'ng
con 2 s] l xxx.yyy.16.1 + 16.0 = xxx.yyy.32.1. Ti7p tSc nh. vGy ta s] tnh 0!a ch$ 0.Oc my ch)
01u tin c)a m'ng con 14 l xxx.yyy.224.1 v.v..

T./ng tR chng ta bi7t 0.Oc 0!a ch$ cu=i cng c)a cc my ch) trn m+t m'ng con.
Theo h.3ng d`n ny chng ta s] tm 0.Oc cc tr.Xng hOp khc.
Tm l'i chia 0!a ch$ m'ng con cbng phJi theo m+t quy luGt nhAt 0!nh ngoi mu=n c)a chng ta, khi
chia m'ng con cbng b! mAt kh nhiFu 0!a ch$, mAt t hay nhiFu tuP thu+c vo cc tr.Xng hOp cS thL.

12.

ph7 l7c tham kh8o $%a ch( m4ng con l-p b
Subnet
bit
s= bit
dnh
cho
m'ng
con
Subnet mask No, of
networks
S= m'ng
con
No, of
hosts
S= my
ch) trn
t5ng
m'ng
Net no.
Th@ tR
m'ng
con
Net step
khoJng
cch 0!a
ch$ giYa
2 m'ng
con
Net id
!a ch$ cc
m'ng con
First host
!a ch$ 01u tin
c)a my ch)
trn t5ng m'ng
con
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2 255.255.192.0 2 16382 0* 64.0

1

xxx.yyy.64.0 xxx.yyy.64.1

2


3*

3 255.255.224.0 6 8190 0* 32.0

1


2

xxx.yyy.64.0

27

3

xxx.yyy.96.0

4

xxx.yyy.128.0 +32.0

5

xxx.yyy.140.0

6


7*

4 255.255.240.0 14 4094 0* 16.0

1


2


.

.

.

+16.0 +16.0

.

.

13


14

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5 255.255.248.0 30 2046 0* 8.0

1


.

.

.

+8.0 +8.0

.

.

29


30


31*

28
6 255.255.252.0 62 1022 0* 4.0

1


.

.

+4.0 +4.0

.

62


63*

7 255.255.254.0 126 510 0* 2.0

1


.

.

+2.0 +2.0

126


127*

8 255.255.255.0 254 254 0* 1.0

1


.

.

+1.0 +1.0

.

254


255*

Ghi ch : NhYng gi tri XXX* l nhYng gi tr! c tAt cJ cc bit 0Fu bTng 0 c ngh[a 0y l m'ng con
v bMng 1 0L dng n+i b+ , thRc t7 khng phn .

Bai tap
1
29
Cau hoi so 1
V sao dia ch Internet lai c cau trc khc voi dia ch cua mang vien thong?
nmlkj
A. V to chc Internet muon the
nmlkj
B. V mang Internet c to chc bnh dang, chi c mot cap .
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C. V dia chi phan cho ngi su dung Internet khong doc trng nhau.
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D. ng o trng hop B v C
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E. Khong c cau tra li no tren day dng

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N. Bo qua, khong tra li.

Cau hoi so 2
Phan phoi dia ch Internet?
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A. Bo Bu dien vien thong M
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B. Lien minh vien thong quoc te (ITU)
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C. Hiep hoi Internet quoc te
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D. Trung tam thong tin mang Internet (NIC)

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Cau hoi so 3
30
Mot dia ch Internet doc ghi l 48.20.109.4. ia ch viet nh the ny c dng
khong?
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A. Khong dng
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B. ng
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C. ng, nhng khong viet o dang day du
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D. ay khong phai dia chi Internet

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Cau hoi so 4
Neu chng ta muon mot dia ch Internet de to chc mot mang loi tham gia
mang Internet voi qui mo 150 my tnh v 50 cong truy nhap khc nhau,
chng ta chon lop dia ch no?
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A. Lp A
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B. Lp B
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C. Lp C
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D. Lp D
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E. Lp E

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31

Cau hoi so 5
ia ch IP: 225.010.14.32. ia ch ny o lop dia ch no?
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A. Lp A
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B. Lp B
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C. Lp C
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D. Lp D
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E. Lp E

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Cau hoi so 6
ia ch IP: 180.30.20.10. au l dia ch mang (Net ID)?
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A. 180
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B.180.30
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C. 30.20
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D. 180.30.20
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E. 20.10

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32

Cau hoi so 7
ia ch IP: 203.162.12.10. au l dia ch cua my chu?
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A. 10
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B. 203
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C. 12.10
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D. 162.12.10
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E. 203.162

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Cau hoi so 8
Muon biet kha nang phan dia ch (khong gian dia ch) cua mang (Net ID)
trong mot lop chng ta can c vo:
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A. So octet dnh cho Net ID
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B. So bit trong class bit
33
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C. So bit cn lai trong octet (cc octet) dnh cho Net ID
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D. So octet dnh cho my chu (Host ID)

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Cau hoi so 9
Tao dia ch mang con dua tren nguyen tac no?
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A. ia chi mang m NIC phan cho
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B. Tren lp dia chi
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C. Tren dia chi cua my chu
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D. Tren bit nhan dang lp (class bit)
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E. Lay bt mot so bit cua phan dia chi my chu

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Ch : Cau tra li Ban d chon cho cau hoi ny l

Cau hoi so 10
34
255.255.0.0. Day so ny l:
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A. ia chi Internet lp B
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B. ia chi Internet lp C
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C. Gi tri tran (Default Mask) lp A
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D. Gi tri tran (Default Mask) lp B
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E. ia chi mang lp B

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Cau hoi so 11
Subnet Mask (gi tri tran cua tng mang con) ni len dieu g?
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A. So mang con doc tao ra t dia chi mang NIC phan
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B. So mang con doc tao ra t dia chi lp A, B hoac C
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C. So my chu (Host ID) doc tao ra t dia chi mang NIC phan
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D. Khong ni dieu g ca, day l gi tri quy c

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35

Cau hoi so 12
Mot dia ch mang lop C c the chia ra toi da cho bao nhieu mang con?
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A. Bao nhieu tuy
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B. 5
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C. 30
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D. 62
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E. Khong c cau tra li dng

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Cau hoi so 13
Chng ta c bao nhieu kha nang lua chon khi chia dia ch mang con o mot dia
ch mang lop C?
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A. Chia thoai mi
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B. 256
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C. 5
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D. 14
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E. 62

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36

Cau hoi so 14
Khi nhn thay o dia ch lop C c Subnet Mask l 255.255.255.224 chng ta
hieu the no?
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A. Su dung 3 bit cua dia chi my chu cho dia chi mang con
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B. Su dung 6 mang con tren dia chi lp C d
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C. Hai cau tra li tren deu dng
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D. Hai cau tra li tren deu sai

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Ch : Cau tra li Ban d chon cho cau hoi ny l

Cau hoi so 15
37
To chc quan l mang Internet cua tng quoc gia doc php phan chia phan
no trong dia ch Internet (dia ch IP)?
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A. oc phan dia chi mang (Net ID) trong tng lp.
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B.oc phan dia chi cc my chu tren tng mang (Host ID)
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C. oc phan ca Net ID lan Host ID
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D. Khong doc quyen phan chia

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