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CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL

POCKET PAL
LECTURE 6 QUANTITATIVE 1
Practical, Integrated, Quantitative Petrophysical Log Analysis
Presented By:

E. R. (Ross) Crain, P.Eng. www.Spec2000.net c. 1978 2009

CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL OVERALL COURSE OUTLINE


01 Overview 02 Resistivity Logs 03 Porosity Logs 04 Log Response 05 Visual Log Analysis 14 Rock Properties 15 Closure Stress 16 Ancient Logs 17 Laminated Reservoirs 18 Dipmeter Tools 19 Structure 20 Stratigraphy 21 Seismic Petrophysics 22 Log Editing 23 Syn Seismograms 24 Inversion, VSP, AVO 25 Seismic Exercise 26 Cement Integrity
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06 Quantitative Models 1
07 Quantitative Models 2 08 Lithology Models 09 More Porosity Models 10 Gas Reservoirs 11 Radioactive Sands 12 Fractured Reservoirs 13 Carbonate Reservoirs

c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009

CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL 4.00 Quantitative Analysis THIS IS A SAMPLE LECTURE AND IS PURPOSELY INCOMPLETE THE FULL LECTURE CONTAINS 47 SLIDES.
Shale, Porosity, Water Saturation Permeability Cutoffs, Net Pay, Mappable Properties Productivity and Reserves Build Spreadsheet for Exercise #1
c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009
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CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL 4.00 Quantitative Analysis WHAT ANSWERS CAN LOG ANALYSIS PROVIDE?
Shale volume Effective porosity Lithology Water resistivity Water saturation Permeability Productivity Net pay Reservoir Volume (Vsh) (PHIe) (V1, V2, ...) (Rw) (Sw) (Perm) (Qo, Qg) (Hnet) (OIP, GIP)
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c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009

CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL 4.00 Shale Volume


SHALE VOLUME - Calibrate to core description,
thin section point counts, or X-ray diffraction data.

c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009

CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL 4.00 Shale Volume


SHALE VOLUME MATH
1: Vshg = (GR - GR0) / (GR100 - GR0) 2: Vshs = (SP - SP0) / (SP100 - SP0) 3: Vshx = (PHIN - PHID) / (PHINSH - PHIDSH) 4: Vsh = Min (Vshg, Vshs, Vshr, Vshx, Vshc)

c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009

CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL 5.04 Effective Porosity


EFFECTIVE POROSITY - Calibrate to core
analysis.

c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009

CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL 5.04 Porosity from Complex Lithology


COMPLEX LITHOLOGY MATH
1: PHIdc = PHID - (Vsh * PHIDSH) 2: PHInc = PHIN - (Vsh * PHINSH) 3: PHIxdn = (PHInc + PHIdc) / 2 PHIDSH and PHINSH are constants for each zone, and are picked only once.

c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009

CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL 8.00 Water Saturation


WATER SATURATION - Calibrate with capillary
pressure data. Typical Oil/Gas Zone: Actual Saturation = Irreducible Transition or Depleted Zone: Actual Saturation > Irreducible

c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009

CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL 8.01 Saturation Parameters A, M, & N


ARCHIES LAWS
F = R0 / Rw F = A / (PHIt ^ M)

F vs PHIcore
Slope = M Intercept = A

c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009

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CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL 8.01 Saturation Parameters A, M, & N


ARCHIES LAWS I = Rt / R0 Sw = ( 1 / I ) ^ (1 / N)
= (F * Rw / Rt) ^ (-N)

I vs SWcore
Slope = N
Intercept = 1.0
c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009
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CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL 8.02 Saturation from Archie


ARCHIE SATURATION MATH
1: PHIt = (PHID + PHIN) / 2 2: Rwa = (PHIt ^ M) * RESD / A 3: SWa = (RW@FT / Rwa) ^ (1 / N) PARAMETERS: for sandstone A = 0.62 M = 2.15 N = 2.00 for carbonates A = 1.00 M = 2.00 N = 2.00 for fractured zones M = 1.2 to 1.7 NOTE: A, M, and N should be determined from special core analysis if possible.
c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009
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CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL 8.03 Saturation from Simandoux


SIMANDOUX SATURATION MATH
1: C = (1 - Vsh) * A * RW@FT / (PHIe ^ M) 2: D = C * Vsh / (2 * RSH) 3: E = C / RESD 4: SWs = ((D ^ 2 + E) ^ 0.5 - D) ^ (2 / N) PARAMETERS: for sandstone A = 0.62 M = 2.15 N = 2.00 for carbonates A = 1.00 M = 2.00 N = 2.00 for fractured zones M = 1.2 to 1.7
c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009
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CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL 8.04 Saturation from Dual Water


DUAL WATER SATURATION MATH
0: BVWSH = (PHINSH + PHIDSH) / 2 1: RWSH = (BVWSH ^ M) * RSH / A 2: C = 1+(BVWSH * Vsh / PHIt*(RW@FT - RWSH)/RWSH) 3: Ro = A * RW@FT / (PHIt ^ M) * C 4: SWt = (Ro / RESD) ^ (1 / N) 5: SWd = (PHIt * SWt - Vsh * BVWSH) / PHIe

PARAMETERS: for sandstone A = 0.62 M = 2.15 N = 2.00 for carbonates A = 1.00 M = 2.00 N = 2.00 for fractured zones M = 1.2 to 1.7
c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009
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CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL Exercise #1 Quantitative Log Analysis

c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009

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CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL 8.06 Irreducible Water Saturation


IRREDUCIBLE WATER SATURATION (SWir) the fraction of the effective porosity that contains water that will not flow out of the rock.

c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009

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CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL 8.06 Buckles Number


BUCKLES NUMBER the product of porosity
and water saturation is a constant, if pore geometry does not change.
From core data: KBUCKL = PHIcore * SWmin From log data: KBUCKL = PHIe * SWa in good oil zone

c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009

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CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL 8.06 Irreducible Water Saturation


IRREDUCIBLE WATER SATURATION MATH
1: KBUCKL = PHIe * SWe (in a CLEAN zone that produced initially with no water, or from core data)

2: SWbuckle = KBUCKL / PHIe / (1 Vsh) 3: SWir = Min (SWactual, SWbuckle)


4: IF SWactual >> SWir 5: THEN Zone will make some water

c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009

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CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL 9.01 Permeability from Wyllie-Rose


PERMEABILITY MATH from Wyllie-Rose
1: PERMw = CPERM * (PHIe^DPERM) / (SWir^EPERM)

PARAMETERS: RESEARCHER CPERM * OIL or WATER GAS Morris-Biggs 65000 6500 Timur 6500 650

DPERM 6.0 4.5

EPERM 2.0 2.0

c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009

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CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL 9.01 Permeability from Wyllie-Rose


PERMEABILITY MATH from Wyllie-Rose
PHIe SWir Crossplot

c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009

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CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL 9.02 Permeability from Porosity


PERMEABILITY MATH from Porosity
1: PERMp = 10 ^ (HPERM * PHIe + JPERM) PARAMETERS: Sandstones Carbonates Very fine grain Chalky Fine grain CryptocrystallineMedium grain Intercrystalline Coarse grain SucrosicConglomerate Fine vuggy Unconsolidated Coarse vuggy Fractured Fractured

JPERM -3.00 -2.50 -2.20 -2.00 -1.80 -1.50 -1.00

HPERM 16 18 20 22 24 26 30

c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009

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CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL 9.02 Permeability from Porosity


PERMEABILITY MATH from Porosity
PHIe Kmax Crossplot
Core Porosity - fractional

META/LOG ANALYSIS
Hangingstone - 2 Wells
0. 40 0. 30 0. 20 0. 10 0. 00 0. 1 1 10 10 0 10 00 10 000

Core P erme ability - mD R -square = 0. 966 # pts = 156


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P e rm = 1 2009 0 ^ (1 8 . 3 * P H I e -3 . 0 0 ) c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978

CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL


Exercise #1 Quantitative Analysis Spreadsheet

c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009

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CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL QUIZ #6: Quantitative Methods 1


1. Use the shale corrected complex lithology model to calculate porosity for the following cases, assume all zones are clean (no shale) and oil bearing: a. Limestone rock, Sandstone units log PHIN = 0.19 PHID = 0.12 ___________ b. Sandstone rock, Sandstone units log PHIN = 0.16 PHID = 0.15 ___________ c. Dolomite rock, Limestone units log PHIN = 0.20 PHID = 0.11 ___________ d. Limestone rock, Limestonestone units log PHIN = 0.16 PHID = 0.15 ___________ e. Sandstone rock, Limestone units log PHIN = 0.12 PHID = 0.19 ___________ 2. Assume water bearing sandstone with total porosity of 0.25 and deep resistivity of 2.5 ohm-m. Show all steps and calculate water resistivity, RW@FT. 3. Assume a water catalog value. RW@25C, of 0.20 ohm-m. What is the RW@FT if surface temperature is 20C, formation temperature is 70C. Show all mathematical steps.
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Assume a clean sandstone has a total porosity of 0.20 and deep resistivity of 25 ohm-m. Use the RW@FT from Question #2. Show all steps and calculate water saturation SWa from the Archie equation.

5. Assume the zone in Question #4 is at irreducible water saturation. What is Buckles Number for this zone. Using this value, what is the irreducible water saturation for the sandstone in 24 c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009 Question #2.

CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL POCKET PAL QUIZ #6: Quantitative Methods 1


6. Formation Factor (F) is: a. resistivity of a water filled rock divided by resistivity of the water in the rock (R0/Rw) b. porosity divided by resistivity of the water filled rock (PHIe/R0) c. porosity raised to the power of M (PHIe^M) d. resistivity of partially saturated rock divided by resistivity of same rock full of water (Rt/R0) 7. Resistivity Index ( I ) is: a. resistivity of a water filled rock divided by resistivity of the water in the rock (R0/Rw) b. porosity divided by resistivity of the water filled rock (PHIe/R0) c. porosity raised to the power of M (PHIe^M) d. resistivity of partially saturated rock divided by resistivity of the rock full of water (Rt/R0) 8. Define Irreducible Water Saturation. 9. Define Absolute Permeability. 10. Define Productivity.
c. E. R. Crain, P.Eng. 1978 - 2009
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CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL

POCKET PAL
LECTURE 6 QUANTITATIVE 1
Practical, Integrated, Quantitative Petrophysical Log Analysis
Presented By:

E. R. (Ross) Crain, P.Eng. www.Spec2000.net c. 1978 2009

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