Professional Documents
Culture Documents
the patient.
turn foster the development of the patient’s trust. The nurse must
maintain an honest and open communication.
3. Concreteness and specificity
o this pertains to the nurse’s ability to identify the client’s feelings and make the
client be aware of them. Only when the nurse listens actively and
is sensitive enough can she help the patient to gain awareness and insight
from the past to the nurse. Ex. Client becomes overly dependent to
the nurse.
* Counter-transference – when nurse responds to the client emotionally on a
The nurse should discuss with the other members of the health team
any negative or strong feeling she has developed towards the client so she can be
helped to maintain her focus and perspective.
5. Immediacy of relationship
she deals and communicate with the patient. It also refers to the
• Planned absence of verbal remarks to allow patient and nurse to think over
what is being discussed and to say more.
6. Stating the observed
encourage discussion
• “You sound angry”
7. Encouraging comparisons
• stating what is real and what is not without arguing with the patient.
• “I know you hear these voices but I do not hear them”.
• “I am Lhynnelli, your nurse, and this is a hospital and not a beach resort.
14. Seeking clarification
• repeating the exact words of patients to remind them of what they said and
to let them know they are heard.
• Patient: I can’t sleep. I stay awake all night.
• Nurse: You can’t sleep at night?
18. General leads
• using neutral expressions to encourage patients to continue
talking.
• “Go on…”
• “You were saying…”
19. Asking question
• using open-ended questions to achieve relevance and depth in discussion.
• “How did you feel when the doctor told you that you are ready for discharge soon?”
20. Empathy
• practicing behaviors for specific situations, both the nurse and patient play
particular role.
• “I’ll play your mother, tell me exactly what would you say when we meet on Sunday”.
33. Rehearsing
• asking the patient for a verbal description of what will be
said or done in a particular situation.
• “Supposing you meet these people again, how would you respond to them when they ask
you to join them for a drink?”.
34. Feedback
1. Giving advise
2. Talking about your self
3. Telling client is wrong
4. Entering into hallucinations and delusions of client
5. False reassurance
6. Cliché
7. Giving approval
8. Asking WHY?
9. Changing subject
10. Defending doctors and other health team members.
Non-therapeutic Technique
1. Overloading
• talking rapidly, changing subjects too often, and asking for more information than can be
absorbed at one time.
• “What’s your name? I see you like sports. Where do you live?”
2. Value Judgments
• The nurse tells the patient “I’d like to spend time with you” and then
walks away.
4. Underloading
• remaining silent and unresponsive, not picking up cues, and failing to give feedback.
therapeutic community or
milieu therapy with young men with
schizophrenia in 1929 (although that term
was not used extensively until Maxwell Jones
published The Therapeutic Community in 1953). In the concept of therapeutic or
milieu therapy, the interaction among clients is seen as beneficial, and treatment
emphasizes the role of this client-to-client interaction. Until this time, it was believed that
the interaction between the client and psychiatrist was the one essential component to the
client’s treatment. Sullivan and later Jones observed that interactions among clients in
Milieu therapy was one of the primary modes of treatment in the acute
hospital setting. In today’s health care environment, however, inpatient hospital stays are
often too short for clients to develop meaningful relationships with one another.