Wesleyan University Philippines Mabini Extension Cabanatuan City, N.

E College of Nursing

A CASE STUDY ON

OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS

Submitted By: BJ ADETTE J. HILARIO BSN III- Blk.3

Submitted To: Clinical Instructor Fe Adriano RN, MAN.

I. Introduction

Oligohydramnios is a condition in pregnancy characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid. The common clinical features are smaller symphysio fundal height, fetal malpresentation, undue prominence of fetal parts and reduced amount of amniotic fluid. It is typically caused by fetal urinary tract abnormalities such as unilateral renal agenesis ( Potter's syndrome ), fetal polycystic kidneys, or genitourinary obstruction. Uteroplacental insufficiency is another common cause. Most of these abnormalities can also be detected by obstetric ultrasound. It may also occur simply due to dehydration of the mother, maternal use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, or without a determinable cause (idiopathic).

II. History Taking

a. Information i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. xi. xii. xiii. Name: Jocelyn Tapang Japones Age: 32 years old Gender: Female Birthday: August 17, 1980 Birth place: General Natividad Marital Status: Married Address: 149, Balangkare Norte, General Natividad, Nueva Ecija Occupation: N/A Religion: Iglesia Ni Cristo Nationality: Filipino Spouse Name: Herb Japones Fathers Name: Alfredo Tapang Mothers Name: Adelina Tapang

b. Admission Record Admitting Date: 22-Nov-2012 Admitting Time: 2:35am Attending Physician: Amorin, Edeliza MD c. Initial diagnosis: G4P1, (1021), PU 36 5/7 weeks AOG, Oligohydramnios d. Final diagnosis: G4P2 (1102) delivered operatively to a live, preterm baby girl/ BW= 1.9kg, APAS, uterine varicosities; Oligohydramnios e. Operation Performed: Lower Transverse Cesarean Section (LTCS) (midline) f. History of Present Illness G4P1 (1021). Known case of APAS during this pregnancy. On regular PNCU today, (+) Oligohydramnios noted on ultrasound. Advised primary LTCS. g. Past Medical/ Health History Unremarkable (+) Hypertension (+) Diabetes Mellitus h. OB-Gyne History G4P1 (1021) AOG 36 5/7 weeks LMP 3/10/2012 i. Allergies: SMC, Celecoxib

III. Collecting Objective Data a. Course of Confinement i. Medications administered since date of admission METRONIDAZOLE 500mg every 8 hours intravenously KETOROLAC 30mg every 8 hours as necessary for pain intravenously METRONIDAZOLE 500mg/tablet 1 tablet 3x a day per orem CEFUROXIME 5oomg/capsule 1 capsule 2x a day per orem TRAMADOL 37.5, PARACETAMOL 325mg (Algesia)/tablet 1 tablet 3x a day round the clock per orem

Physicians Order:

ii.

IVF, BT and other parenteral medication infused/administered since date of admission IVF: D5LRS 1L for 8 hours 41-42 gtts/min

iii.

All diagnostic tests made to patient since date of admission Normal Value Male: 130-170 g/L Female: 120-150 g/L Male: 0.40-0.50 Female: 0.37-0.45 Male: 4.5-5.5 x10 12/L Female: 4.6-5.2 x10 12/L 5-10 x10g/L Manual: 150-400 x10/L Machine: 130-500 x10/L Adult: 0.5%-1.5% Newborn: 2.0%-6.0% Result 135 0.43 6.02 x10 1/L 18.52 x10g/L __ x10/L

Variables Hemoglobin Hematocrit Red Cell Count White Cell Count Platelet Count Nucleated RBC/100WBC Reticulocyte CT

MCV MCH MCHC RDW CV Differential Count Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils Stabs Others

80-100fl 27-31 32-36 g/dL 11.6-14.6%

72.8fl 22.4 30.8 g/dL 17.1%

0.55-0.65 0.25-0.35 0.02-0.06 0.02-0.04 0-0.005 0-0.05

0.89 0.09 0.02

iv.

Other relevant events during hospitalization None.

b. Physical Assessment i. General Appearance: Ambulatory Coherent Weight and Vital Signs Weight-58 kg. Vital Signs Blood Pressure- 110/80 mmHg Temperature- 36.8 C Pulse Rate- 72 bpm Respiratory Rate- 18 bpm HEENT: Pink, PC, AS

ii.

iii.

iv.

Neurologic Exam: E/N Chest and Lungs: SCE, CBS Heart: AP NRRR Abdomen: Soft, round, FHT Extremities: Pulses, full and equal

v.

vi.

vii.

viii.

IV. Anatomy and Physiology

Amniotic fluid is a clear, slightly yellowish liquid that surrounds the unborn baby (fetus) during pregnancy. It is contained in the amniotic sac. While in the womb, the baby floats in the amniotic fluid. The amount of amniotic fluid is greatest at about 34 weeks (gestation) into the pregnancy, when it averages 800 mL. Approximately 600 mL of amniotic fluid surrounds the baby at full term (40 weeks gestation). The amniotic fluid constantly moves (circulates) as the baby swallows and "inhales" the fluid, and then releases it. The amniotic fluid helps:

The developing baby to move in the womb, which allows for proper bone growth

The lungs to develop properly Keep a relatively constant temperature around the baby, protecting from heat loss Protect the baby from outside injury by cushioning sudden blows or movements

An excessive amount of amniotic fluid is called polyhydramnios. This condition can occur with multiple pregnancy (twins or triplets), congenital anomalies (problems that exist when the baby is born), or gestational diabetes. An abnormally small amount of amniotic fluid is known as oligohydramnios. This condition may occur with late pregnancies, ruptured membranes, placental dysfunction, or fetal abnormalities. Abnormal amounts of amniotic fluid may cause the health care provider to watch the pregnancy more carefully. Removal of a sample of the fluid, through amniocentesis, can provide information about the sex, health, and development of the fetus.

V. Treatment

Close medical supervision of the mother and fetus. Fetal monitoring Amnioinfusion (infusion of warmed sterile normal saline or lactated Ringers solution) to treat or prevent variable decelerations during labor.

VI. Nursing Intervention

1. Monitor maternal and fetal status closely, including vital signs and fetal heart rate patterns. 2. Monitor maternal weight gain pattern, notifying the health care provider if weight loss occurs. 3. Provide emotional support before, during, and after ultrasonography. 4. Inform the patient about coping measures if fetal anomalies are suspected. 5. Instruct her about signs and symptoms of labor, including those shell need to report immediately. 6. Reinforce the need for close supervision and follow up. 7. Assist with amnioinfusion as indicated. 8. Encourage the patient to lie on her left side. 9. Ensure that amnioinfusion solution is warmed to body temperature. 10. Continuously monitor maternal vital signs and fetal heart rate during the amnioinfusion procedure. 11. Note the development of any uterine contractions, notify the health care provider, and continue to monitor closely. 12. Maintain strict sterile technique during amnioinfusion.