ASTM D1142 - 95 (R2012) - Water Vapor Content of Gaseous Fuels by Measurement of Dew-Point Temperature

Designation: D1142 95 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Water Vapor Content of Gaseous Fuels by

Measurement of Dew-Point Temperature1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1142; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water
vapor content of gaseous fuels by measurement of the dewpoint temperature and the calculation therefrom of the water
vapor content.
NOTE 1Some gaseous fuels contain vapors of hydrocarbons or other
components that easily condense into liquid and sometimes interfere with
or mask the water dew point. When this occurs, it is sometimes very
helpful to supplement the apparatus in Fig. 1 with an optical attachment
that uniformly illuminates the dewpoint mirror and also magnifies the
condensate on the mirror. With this attachment it is possible, in some
cases, to observe separate condensation points of water vapor,
hydrocarbons, and glycolamines as well as ice points. However, if the dew
point of the condensable hydrocarbons is higher than the water vapor dew
point, when such hydrocarbons are present in large amounts, they may
flood the mirror and obscure or wash off the water dew point. Best results
in distinguishing multiple component dew points are obtained when they
are not too closely spaced.
NOTE 2Condensation of water vapor on the dew-point mirror may
appear as liquid water at temperatures as low as 0 to 10F (18
to 23C). At lower temperatures an ice point rather than a water dew
point likely will be observed. The minimum dew point of any vapor that
can be observed is limited by the mechanical parts of the equipment.
Mirror temperatures as low as 150F (100C) have been measured,
using liquid nitrogen as the coolant with a thermocouple attached to the
mirror, instead of a thermometer well.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the

safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.1.1 saturated water vapor or equilibrium watervapor
contentthe water vapor concentration in a gas mixture that is
in equilibrium with a liquid phase of pure water that is
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D03 on Gaseous
Fuels and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D03.05 on Determination of
Special Constituents of Gaseous Fuels.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originally
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D1142 95(2006).
DOI: 10.1520/D1142-95R12.
saturated with the gas mixture. When a gas containing water

vapor is at the water dew-point temperature, it is said to be
saturated at the existing pressure.
2.1.2 specific volumeof a gaseous fuel, the volume of the
gas in cubic feet per pound.
2.1.3 water dew-point temperature of a gaseous fuel, the
temperature at which the gas is saturated with water vapor at
the existing pressure.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Generally, contracts governing the pipeline transmission
of natural gas contain specifications limiting the maximum
concentration of water vapor allowed. Excess water vapor can
cause corrosive conditions, degrading pipelines and equipment.
It can also condense and freeze or form methane hydrates
causing blockages. Watervapor content also affects the heating value of natural gas, thus influencing the quality of the gas.
This test method permits the determination of water content of
natural gas.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Any properly constructed dew-point apparatus may be
used that satisfies the basic requirements that means must be
provided:
4.1.1 To permit a controlled flow of gas to enter and leave
the apparatus while the apparatus is at a temperature at least
3F above the dew point of the gas.
4.1.2 To cool and control the cooling rate of a portion
(preferably a small portion) of the apparatus, with which the
flowing gas comes in contact, to a temperature low enough to
cause vapor to condense from the gas.
4.1.3 To observe the deposition of dew on the cold portion
of the apparatus.
4.1.4 To measure the temperature of the cold portion on the
apparatus on which the dew is deposited, and
4.1.5 To measure the pressure of the gas within the apparatus or the deviation from the known existing barometric
pressure.
4.1.6 The apparatus should be constructed so that the cold
spot, that is, the cold portion of the apparatus on which dew
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FIG. 1 Bureau of Mines Dew-Point Apparatus
is deposited, is protected from all gases other than the gas

under test. The apparatus may or may not be designed for use
under pressure.
4.2 The Bureau of Mines type of dew-point apparatus2
shown in Fig. 1 fulfills the requirements specified in 4.1.
Within the range of conditions in Section 1, this apparatus is
satisfactory for determining the dew point of gaseous fuels.
Briefly, this apparatus consists of a metal chamber into and out
of which the test gas is permitted to flow through control valves
A and D. Gas entering the apparatus through valve A is
deflected by nozzle B towards the cold portion of the apparatus,
C. The gas flows across the face of C and out of the apparatus
through valve D. Part C is a highly polished stainless steel
target mirror, cooled by means of a copper cooling rod, F.
The mirror, C, is silver-soldered to a nib on the copper
thermometer well fitting, I, which is soft-soldered to the
cooling rod, F. The thermometer well is integral with the
fitting, I. Cooling of rod F is accomplished by vaporizing a
refrigerant such as liquid butane, propane, carbon dioxide, or
some other liquefied gas in the chiller, G. The refrigerant is
throttled into the chiller through valve H and passes out at J.
The chiller body is made of copper and has brass headers on
2
Deaton, W. M., and Frost, E. M., Jr., Bureau of Mines Apparatus for
Determining the Dew Point of Gases Under Pressure, Bureau of Mines Report of
Investigation 3399, May 1938.

either end. The lower header is connected with the upper

header by numerous small holes drilled in the copper body
through which the vaporized refrigerant passes. The chiller is
attached to the cooling rod, F, by means of a taper joint. The
temperature of the target mirror, C, is indicated by a calibrated
mercury-in-glass thermometer, K, whose bulb fits snugly into
the thermometer well. Observation of the dew deposit is made
through the pressure-resisting transparent window, E.
4.2.1 Note that only the central portion of the stainless steel
target mirror, C, is thermally bonded to the fitting, I, through
which C is cooled. Since stainless steel is a relatively poor
thermal conductor, the central portion of the mirror is thus
maintained at a slightly lower temperature than the outer
portion, with the result that the dew first appears on the central
portion of the mirror and its detection is aided materially by the
contrast afforded. The arrangement for measuring the temperature of the target mirror, C, also should be noted. The
temperature is read with a thermometer or RTD, K, inserted in
the cooling rod, F, so that the bulb of the temperature
measuring device is entirely within the thermometer well in
fitting, I. The stud to which the stainless steel mirror is
silver-soldered is a part of the base of the thermometer well,
and as there is no metallic contact between the thermometer
well and the cooling tube, other than through its base, the
thermometer or RTD indicates the temperature of the mirror
rather than some compromise temperature influenced by the
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D1142 95 (2012)
D1142 95 (2012)
temperature gradient along the cooling tube as would be the
case if this type of construction were not used. The RTD will
include suitable electronics and display.
4.2.2 Tests with the Bureau of Mines type of dew-point
apparatus are reported2 to permit a determination with a
precision (reproducibility) of 60.2F (60.1C) and with an
accuracy of 60.2F (60.1C) when the dew-point temperatures range from room temperature to a temperature of 32F
(0C). It is estimated that water dew points may be determined
with an accuracy of 60.5F (0.3C) when they are below 32F
(0C) and not lower than 0F (17.8C), provided ice crystals
do not form during the determination.
5. Procedure
5.1 General ConsiderationsTake the specimen so as to be
representative of the gas at the source. Do not take at a point
where isolation would permit condensate to collect or would
otherwise allow a vapor content to exist that is not in
equilibrium with the main stream or supply of gas, such as the
sorption or desorption of vapors from the sampling line or from
deposits therein. The temperature of the pipelines leading the
specimen directly from the gas source to the dew-point
apparatus, and also the temperature of the apparatus, shall be at
least 3F (1.7C) higher than the observed dew point. The
determination may be made at any pressure, but the gas
pressure within the dew-point apparatus must be known with
an accuracy appropriate to the accuracy requirements of the
test. The pressure may be read on a calibrated bourdon-type
pressure gage; for very low pressures or more accurate
measurements, a mercury-filled manometer or a dead-weight
gage should be used.
5.2 Detailed Procedure for Operation of Bureau of Mines
Dew-Point ApparatusIntroduce the gas specimen through
valve A (Fig. 1), opening this valve wide if the test is to be
made under full source pressure (Note 3), and controlling the
flow by the small outlet valve, D. The rate of flow is not critical
but should not be so great that there is a measurable or
objectionable drop in pressure through the connecting lines and
dew-point apparatus. A flow of 0.05 to 0.5 ft3/min (1.4 to 14
L/min) (measured at atmospheric pressure) usually will be
satisfactory. With liquefied refrigerant gas piped to the chiller
throttle valve, H, crack the valve momentarily, allowing the
refrigerant to vaporize in the chiller to produce suitable
lowering in temperature of the chiller tube, F, and target
mirror, C, as indicated by the thermometer, K. The rate of
cooling may be as rapid as desired in making a preliminary
test. After estimating the dew-point temperature, either by a
preliminary test or from other knowledge, control the cooling
or warming rate so that it does not exceed 1F/min (0.5C/min)
when this temperature is approached. For accurate results, the
cooling and warming rates should approximate isothermal
conditions as nearly as possible. The most satisfactory method
is to cool or warm the target mirror stepwise. Steps of about
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0.2F (0.1C) allow equilibrium conditions to be approached

closely and favor an accurate determination. When dew has
been deposited, allow the target mirror to warm up at a rate
comparable to the recommended rate of cooling. The normal
warming rate usually will be faster than desired. To reduce the
rate, crack valve H momentarily at intervals to supply
cooling to the cooling tube, F. Repeat the cooling and warming
cycles several times. The arithmetic average of the temperatures at which dew is observed to appear and disappear is
considered to be the observed dew point.
NOTE 3If the watervapor content is to be calculated as described in
6.2, the gas specimen should be throttled at the inlet valve, A, to a pressure
within the apparatus approximately equal to atmospheric pressure. The
outlet valve may be left wide open or restricted, as desired. The pressure
existing within the apparatus must, however, be known to the required
accuracy.
6. Calculation
6.1 If an acceptable chart showing the variation of watervapor content with saturation or water dew-point temperatures
over a suitable range of pressures for the gas being tested is
available, the water-vapor content may be read directly, using
the observed water dew-point temperature and the pressure at
which the determination was made.
6.2 If such a chart is not available, the watervapor content
of the gas may be calculated from the water dew-point
temperature and the pressure at which it was determined (see
Note 3), as follows:
FIG. 2 Equilibrium Water Vapor Content of Natural Gases
D1142 95 (2012)
W 5 w 3 10 6 3 ~ P b /P 3 ~ T/T
!!
(1)
where:
W = lb of water/million ft3 of gaseous mixture at pressure
Pb and temperature Tb;
w = weight of saturated water vapor, lb/ft3, at the water
dew-point temperature, that is, the reciprocal of the
specific volume of saturated vapor (see Table 1);
Pb = pressure-base of gas measurement, psia;
P
= pressure at which the water dew point of gas was
determined, psia;
t
= observed water dew-point temperature, F;
T
= Rankine (absolute Fahrenheit scale) water dew point, t
+ 460, at pressure P; and
Tb = base temperature of gas measurement, tb + 460.
NOTE 4Example 1:
Given: Water dew point = 37F at 15.0-psia pressure.
What is the watervapor content million ft3 of gas (gas measurement
base of 60F and 14.7-psia pressure)?
From Table 1 the specific volume of saturated water at 37F is 2731.9
ft3/lb, from which:
w = (1/2731.9) = 0.000 366 0 lb/ft3
and
W = 0.000 366 0 10 6 (14.7/15.0) [(460 + 37)/(460 + 60)]
= 342.8 lb/million ft3
Example 2:
Given: Water dew point = 5F at 14.4 psia.
From Table 2, the specific volume of saturated water vapor with respect
to ice at 5F is 11 550 ft3/lb from which Wice, 5F = 0.000 086 6, but the
observed water dew point was in equilibrium with subcooled liquid water
at 5F. From Table 2 (data from International Critical Tables3), the vapor
pressures of subcooled liquid water and of ice at 5F (15C) are 1.436
mm and 1.241 mm Hg, respectively.
Since the vapor pressure of subcooled liquid water is greater than ice at
the same temperature, the weight per cubic foot of water vapor in
equilibrium with liquid water will be proportionately larger than the value
calculated from the specific volume read from the table, which is for
equilibrium with ice.
Hence,
Wliq., 5F
= W ice 5F (1.436/1.241)
= 0.000 086 6 1.157
= 0.000 100 2 and
W = 0.000 100 2 10 6
(14.7/14.4) [(460 + 5)/[460 + 60)]
= 91.5 lb/million ft3
3
International Critical Tables, Vol III, National Research Council, McGraw-Hill
Book Co., Inc., New York, 1928, pp. 210211.
6.3 A correlation of the available data on the equilibrium

water content of natural gases has been reported by Bukacek.4
This correlation is believed to be accurate enough for the
requirements of the gaseous fuels industry, except for unusual
situations where the dew point is measured at conditions close
to the critical temperature of the gas. The correlation is a
modified form of Raoults law having the following form:
W 5 ~ A/P ! 1B
where:
W = watervapor content, lb/million ft3;
P
= total pressure, psia;
A
= a constant proportional to the vapor pressure of water;
and
B
= a constant depending on temperature and gas
composition.
NOTE 5Values of B were computed from available data on methane,
methane-ethane mixtures, and natural gases.
6.3.1 Table 2 lists values of the constants A and B for natural

gases in the temperature range from 40 to 460F (40 to
238C).
6.3.2 Tables 3-5 list values of watervapor content
from 40 to 250F (40 to 121C) and from 14.7 to 5000 psia
(101 to 34 475 kPa), covering the range of most natural gas
processing applications.
6.3.3 A convenient graphical representation of the data in
Tables 3-5 is illustrated in Fig. 2.5 The moisture content values
given can be corrected to base conditions other than 14.7 psia
(101 kPa) and 60F (15.5C) by the same equations given in
Table 2.
7. Precision and Bias
7.1 No precision data is available for this test method,
however, the Committee is interested in conducting an interlaboratory test program and encourages interested parties to
contact the Staff Manager, Committee D03, ASTM Headquarters.
8. Keywords
8.1 gaseous fuels; natural gas
4
Bukacek, R. F., Equilibrium Moisture Content of Natural Gases, Research
Bulletin 8, Institute of Gas Technology, 1955. Reports work sponsored by the
Pipeline Research Committee of the American Gas Association.
5
Complete sets of these charts covering the entire range of pressures and
temperatures of Tables 3-5 may be purchased from the Institute of Gas Technology,
1700 S. Mount Prospect Rd., Des Plaines, IL 60018.
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(2)
D1142 95 (2012)
TABLE 1 Vapor Pressures and Specific Volumes of Saturated Water Vapor at Various TemperaturesA
Vapor Pressure of Liquid Water
Specific
Volume of
Saturated
Water Vapor
ft3/lb
Vapor Pressure of Ice
Temperature,
F
Temperature,
F
Vapor
Pressure of
Liquid Water,
psia
Specific Volume of
Saturated Water
Vapor, ft3/lb
mm Hg
psia
mm Hg
psia
1.139
0.022 02
0.958
0.018 52
14 810
1
2
3
4
5
1.195
1.251
1.310
1.373
1.436
0.023
0.024
0.025
0.026
0.027
11
19
33
55
77
1.010
1.063
1.120
1.180
1.241
0.019
0.020
0.021
0.022
0.024
53
56
66
82
00
14
13
12
12
11
080
400
750
140
550
51
52
53
54
55
0.184
0.191
0.199
0.206
0.214
85
82
01
44
11
1
1
1
1
1
644.2
587.6
533.2
480.9
430.6
6
7
8
9
10
1.505
1.573
1.647
1.723
1.807
0.029
0.030
0.031
0.033
0.034
10
42
85
32
94
1.308
1.374
1.446
1.521
1.599
0.025
0.026
0.027
0.029
0.030
29
57
96
41
92
11
10
9
9
9
000
480
979
507
060
56
57
58
59
60
0.222
0.230
0.238
0.247
0.256
03
21
65
36
35
1
1
1
1
1
382.2
335.6
290.9
247.8
206.3
11
12
13
14
15
1.883
1.970
2.057
2.149
2.247
0.036
0.038
0.039
0.041
0.043
41
09
78
56
45
1.681
1.767
1.856
1.950
2.050
0.032
0.034
0.035
0.037
0.039
51
17
89
71
64
8
8
7
7
7
636
234
851
489
144
61
62
63
64
65
0.265
0.275
0.285
0.295
0.305
62
19
06
24
73
1
1
1
1
1
166.4
128.0
091.0
055.4
021.1
16
17
18
19
20
2.345
2.450
2.557
2.607
2.785
0.045
0.047
0.049
0.051
0.053
35
37
44
63
85
2.151
2.260
2.373
2.489
2.610
0.041
0.043
0.045
0.048
0.050
59
70
89
13
47
6
6
6
5
5
817
505
210
929
662
66
67
68
69
70
0.316
0.327
0.339
0.351
0.363
55
70
20
05
26
988.03
956.19
925.51
895.94
867.44
21
22
23
24
25
2.907
3.032
3.163
3.299
3.433
0.056
0.058
0.061
0.063
0.066
21
63
16
79
38
2.740
2.872
3.013
3.160
3.310
0.052
0.055
0.058
0.061
0.064
98
54
26
10
01
5
5
4
4
4
408
166
936
717
509
71
72
73
74
75
0.375
0.388
0.402
0.415
0.430
84
79
14
88
04
839.97
813.48
787.94
763.31
739.55
26
27
28
29
30
3.585
3.735
3.893
4.054
4.224
0.069
0.072
0.075
0.078
0.081
32
22
28
39
68
3.471
3.636
3.810
3.989
4.178
0.067
0.070
0.073
0.077
0.080
12
31
67
14
79
4
4
3
3
3
311
122
943
771
608
76
77
78
79
80
0.444
0.459
0.475
0.490
0.507
61
61
05
94
29
716.62
694.51
673.16
652.56
632.68
31
32
33
34
35
4.397
4.579
...
...
...
0.085
0.088
0.092
0.096
0.099
02
66
30
07
98
4.373
4.579
...
...
...
0.084 56
0.088 54
...
...
...
3
3
3
3
2
453
301.9
178.0
059.2
945.5
81
82
83
84
85
0.524
0.541
0.559
0.577
0.596
11
42
22
53
36
613.48
594.95
577.05
559.76
543.07
36
37
38
39
40
...
...
...
...
...
0.104
0.108
0.112
0.117
0.121
04
23
58
08
73
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
2
2
2
2
836.4
731.9
631.7
535.7
443.5
86
87
88
89
90
0.615
0.635
0.656
0.677
0.698
73
63
09
13
74
526.94
511.35
496.29
481.73
467.66
41
42
43
44
45
...
...
...
...
...
0.126
0.131
0.136
0.142
0.147
55
54
70
04
56
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
2
2
2
2
355.1
270.3
188.9
110.8
035.8
91
92
93
94
95
0.720
0.743
0.767
0.791
0.816
95
77
22
30
04
454.06
440.91
428.19
415.89
403.99
46
47
48
49
50
...
...
...
...
...
0.153
0.159
0.165
0.171
0.178
28
18
28
59
12
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
1
1
1
1
963.8
894.6
828.2
764.4
703.1
96
97
98
99
100
0.841
0.867
0.894
0.921
0.950
44
53
31
80
03
392.48
381.35
370.58
360.15
350.06
A
The values for vapor pressure, from 0 to 32F, were calculated from data in the International Critical Tables.3 All other values were taken from Harr, Gallagher, and Kell,
NBS/NRC Steam Tables, National Standard Reference Data System, 1984, p. 9. Data on specific volumes of saturated water vapor from 0 to 32F were obtained from
Goff, J. A., and Gratch, S., Low-Pressure Properties of Water from 160 to 212F, Heating, Piping, and Air Conditioning, Vol 18, No. 2, Feb. 1946, pp. 125136.
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D1142 95 (2012)
TABLE 2 Values of Constants A and B
(Base Conditions = 14.7 psia, 60F)
Temperature,
F
Temperature,
F
Temperature,
F
40
38
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
131
147
165
184
206
230
256
285
317
352
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.33
0.36
0.39
0.42
0.45
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
17
18
19
21
22
24
25
27
29
31
200
500
700
100
500
100
700
400
200
100
7.17
7.85
8.25
8.67
9.11
9.57
10.0
10.5
11.1
11.6
180
182
184
186
188
190
192
194
196
198
357
372
390
407
425
443
463
483
504
525
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
74.8
77.2
79.9
82.7
85.8
88.4
91.4
94.8
97.7
101
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
390
434
479
530
586
648
714
786
866
950
0.48
0.52
0.56
0.60
0.64
0.69
0.74
0.79
0.85
0.91
90
92
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
108
33
35
37
39
42
45
47
50
53
57
200
300
500
900
400
100
900
800
900
100
12.2
12.7
13.3
14 .0
14 .6
15 .3
16 .0
16 .7
17 .5
18 .3
200
202
204
206
208
210
212
214
216
218
547
570
594
619
644
671
698
725
754
785
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
104
108
111
115
119
122
126
130
134
139
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
143
148
152
157
162
166
171
177
182
187
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
050
150
260
380
510
650
810
970
150
350
0.97
1.04
1.11
1.19
1.27
1.35
1.44
1.54
1.64
1.74
110
112
114
116
118
120
122
124
126
128
60
64
67
71
76
80
84
89
94
100
500
100
900
800
000
400
900
700
700
000
19
20
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
28
.1
.0
.9
.8
.7
.7
.7
.8
.9
.0
220
222
224
226
228
230
232
234
236
238
1
1
1
1
816
848
881
915
950
987
020
060
100
140
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
560
780
030
290
570
880
210
560
940
350
1.85
1.97
2.09
2.22
2.36
2.50
2.65
2.81
2.98
3.16
130
132
134
136
138
140
142
144
146
148
106
111
117
124
130
137
144
152
160
168
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
29
30
31
32
34
35
37
38
40
41
.1
.3
.6
.9
.2
.6
.0
.5
.0
.6
240
242
244
246
248
250
252
254
256
258
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
190
230
270
320
370
420
470
520
570
630
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
192
198
204
210
216
222
229
235
242
248
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
5
6
6
7
7
8
9
9
10
11
780
240
740
280
850
460
110
800
500
300
3.34
3.54
3.74
3.96
4.18
4.42
4.66
4.92
5.19
5.48
150
152
154
156
158
160
162
164
166
168
177
186
195
205
215
225
236
248
259
272
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
43
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
.2
.9
.6
.4
.2
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
1
2
3
4
5
7
9
11
14
18
680
340
180
260
610
270
300
700
700
100
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
255
333
430
548
692
869
1090
1360
1700
2130
60
62
64
66
68
12
13
14
15
16
200
100
000
000
100
5.77
6.08
6.41
6.74
7.10
170
172
174
176
178
285
298
312
326
341
000
000
000
000
000
62
64
67
69
72
.5
.8
.1
.5
.0
460
22 200 000
NOTE 1To correct A and B to other base conditions, multiply each by:
~ P b /14.7! 3 @ 519.6/ ~ t b 1459.6! # 3 ~ 0.998/Z b !

where:
P b = absolute base pressure, psia;
= base temperature, F; and
tb
Zb = compressibility factor under base conditions.
--``,`,``,,`,,,```,,,`,````,,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

D1142 95 (2012)
TABLE 3 Equilibrium Water Vapor Contents of Natural Gases Above the Critical Temperatures
(lb/million ft3 where Pb = 14.7 psia, tb = 60F)
Temperature,
Total Pressure, psia
--``,`,``,,`,,,```,,,`,````,,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,
14.7
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
40
38
36
34
32
9.1
10.2
11.5
12.8
14.4
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.4
0.88
0.98
1.1
1.2
1.3
0.66
0.73
0.80
0.90
0.99
0.55
0.61
0.68
0.74
0.82
0.49
0.54
0.59
0.65
0.72
0.44
0.49
0.54
0.59
0.65
0.41
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.39
0.43
0.47
0.51
0.57
0.37
0.41
0.45
0.49
0.54
0.36
0.39
0.43
0.47
0.51
30
28
26
24
22
16.0
17.8
19.8
22.0
24.4
2.6
2.9
3.2
3.6
4.0
1.5
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.6
0.91
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
0.79
0.87
0.96
1.1
1.2
0.72
0.79
0.86
0.95
1.0
0.66
0.72
0.79
0.87
0.95
0.62
0.68
0.74
0.81
0.89
0.59
0.64
0.70
0.77
0.84
0.56
0.61
0.67
0.73
0.80
20
18
16
14
12
27.0
30.0
33.1
36.7
40.5
4.4
4.9
5.4
5.9
6.5
2.4
2.7
3.0
3.3
3.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
1.5
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.1
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.5
0.97
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
0.92
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
0.87
0.95
1.0
1.1
1.2
10
8
6
4
2
44.8
49.3
54.6
59.8
65.7
7.2
7.9
8.7
9.5
10.4
4.0
4.3
4.7
5.2
5.7
2.9
3.1
3.4
3.7
4.1
2.3
2.5
2.8
3.0
3.3
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.3
2.5
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.3
1.5
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.1
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.0
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.9
0
2
4
6
8
72.1
79.1
86.8
95.1
104
11.4
12.5
13.7
15.0
16.4
6.2
6.8
7.4
8.1
8.8
4.5
4.9
5.3
5.8
6.3
3.6
3.9
4.3
4.6
5.1
3.1
3.3
3.6
4.0
4.3
2.7
3.0
3.2
3.5
3.8
2.5
2.7
2.9
3.2
3.4
2.3
2.5
2.7
2.9
3.2
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.7
3.0
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
10
12
14
16
18
114
124
136
148
161
17.9
19.5
21.3
23.2
25.2
9.6
10.5
11.4
12.4
13.5
6.9
7.5
8.1
8.8
9.6
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.6
4.7
5.1
5.5
5.9
6.4
4.1
4.5
4.8
5.2
5.7
3.7
4.0
4.5
4.7
5.1
3.4
3.7
4.0
4.3
4.7
3.2
3.5
3.7
4.0
4.4
3.0
3.3
3.5
3.8
4.1
20
22
24
26
28
176
191
208
226
246
27.4
29.8
32.4
35.1
38.1
14.6
15.9
17.2
18.7
20.2
10.4
11.3
12.2
13.2
14.3
8.2
8.9
9.7
10.5
11.3
7.0
7.5
8.2
8.8
9.5
6.1
6.6
7.2
7.7
8.3
5.5
5.9
6.4
6.9
7.5
5.1
5.5
5.9
6.3
6.8
4.7
5.1
5.5
5.9
6.3
4.4
4.8
5.1
5.5
5.9
30
32
34
36
38
276
289
313
339
367
41.3
44.7
48.4
52.4
56.6
21.9
23.7
25.6
27.7
29.9
15.4
16.7
18.0
19.4
20.1
12.2
13.2
14.2
15.3
16.5
10.3
11.1
11.9
12.9
13.9
9.0
9.7
10.4
11.2
12.1
8.0
8.7
9.3
10.0
10.8
7.4
7.9
8.5
9.2
9.8
6.8
7.3
7.9
8.5
9.1
6.4
6.9
7.4
7.9
8.5
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
396
428
462
499
538
80
624
672
721
776
61.1
66.0
71.2
76.7
82.6
89.0
95.7
103
111
119
32.2
34.8
37.5
40.3
43.4
46.7
50.2
54.0
57.9
62.1
22.6
24.4
26.2
28.2
30.3
32.6
35.0
37.6
40.3
43.2
17.8
19.2
20.6
22.2
23.8
25.6
27.4
29.4
31.5
33.8
14.9
16.0
17.2
18.5
19.9
21.3
22.9
24.5
26.7
28.1
13.0
13.9
15.0
16.1
17.3
18.5
19.8
21.3
22.8
24.4
11.6
12.5
13.4
14.4
15.4
16.5
17.7
18.9
20.3
21.7
10.6
11.3
12.2
13.1
14.0
15.0
16.1
17.2
18.3
19.6
9.8
10.5
11.2
12.0
12.9
13.8
14.8
15.8
16.9
18.0
9.1
9.8
10.5
11.2
12.0
12.9
13.8
14.7
15.7
16.8
60
62
64
66
68
834
895
960
1030
1100
128
137
147
157
168
66.6
71.4
76.5
81.8
87.6
46.3
49.6
53.1
56.8
60.7
36.2
38.7
41.4
44.3
47.3
30.1
32.2
34.4
36.8
39.3
26.1
27.9
29.8
31.8
33.9
23.2
24.7
26.4
28.2
30.1
21.0
22.4
23.9
25.5
27.2
19.3
20.6
22.0
23.4
25.0
17.9
19.1
20.4
21.8
23.2
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
1180
1260
1350
1440
1540
1650
1760
1870
180
192
206
220
235
250
267
285
93.7
100
107
114
122
130
138
148
65.0
69.4
74.0
79.0
84.2
89.8
95.6
102
50.6
54.0
57.6
61.4
65.5
69.7
74.2
79.0
42.0
44.8
47.7
50.9
54.2
57.5
61.4
65.3
36.2
38.6
41.1
43.8
46.7
49.7
52.8
56.2
32.1
34.2
36.4
38.8
41.3
44.0
46.7
49.7
29.0
30.9
32.9
35.0
37.3
39.7
42.1
44.8
26.6
28.4
30.2
32.1
34.2
36.3
38.6
41.0
24.7
26.3
28.0
29.8
31.7
33.6
36.7
37.9

D1142 95 (2012)
TABLE 3
Continued
Temperature,
14.7
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
86
88
2000
2130
303
323
157
167
108
115
84.1
89.4
69.5
73.8
59.7
63.5
52.8
56.1
47.6
50.5
43.5
46.2
40.3
42.7
90
92
94
96
98
2270
2410
2570
2730
2900
344
366
389
413
439
178
189
201
214
227
123
130
138
147
156
95.0
101
107
114
121
78.5
83.3
88.4
93.8
99.5
67.4
71.5
75.9
80.5
85.3
59.5
63.1
67.0
71.0
75.2
53.6
56.8
60.3
63.9
67.6
49.0
51.9
55.0
58.3
61.8
45.3
48.0
50.9
53.9
57.0
100
102
104
106
108
3080
3270
3470
3680
3900
466
495
525
557
589
241
256
271
287
304
166
176
186
197
209
128
136
144
152
161
105
112
118
125
133
90.4
95.8
101
107
114
79.7
84.4
89.3
94.5
99.9
71.6
75.9
80.2
84.9
89.7
65.4
69.2
73.1
77.4
81.7
...
...
...
...
...
110
112
114
116
118
4130
4380
4640
4910
5190
624
661
700
740
783
322
341
360
381
403
221
234
247
261
276
170
180
191
201
213
140
148
157
165
175
120
127
134
142
149
106
112
118
124
131
94.7
100
106
112
118
86.3
91.2
96.2
102
107
...
...
...
...
...
120
122
124
126
128
5490
5800
6130
6470
6830
828
874
923
974
1030
426
449
474
500
528
292
308
325
343
361
225
237
250
264
278
185
195
205
216
228
158
166
175
185
195
139
146
154
162
171
124
131
138
145
153
113
119
125
132
139
...
...
...
...
...
130
132
134
136
138
7240
7580
7990
8470
8880
1090
1140
1200
1270
1330
559
585
617
653
684
382
400
422
446
468
294
308
324
343
359
241
252
266
281
294
206
215
227
240
251
181
189
199
210
220
162
169
178
188
197
147
154
162
171
179
...
...
...
...
...
140
142
144
146
148
9360
9830
10 400
10 900
11 500
1410
1480
1560
1640
1720
721
757
799
840
882
492
517
545
573
602
378
397
419
440
462
310
325
343
360
378
264
277
292
307
322
231
243
256
269
282
207
217
229
240
252
188
197
207
218
229
...
...
...
...
...
--``,`,``,,`,,,```,,,`,````,,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

D1142 95 (2012)
14.7
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
150
152
154
156
158
12
12
13
14
14
100
700
300
000
700
1810
1910
2000
2100
2200
928
975
1020
1070
1130
633
665
697
732
767
486
510
534
561
588
397
417
437
458
480
338
355
372
390
409
296
311
325
341
357
264
277
290
305
319
240
252
263
276
289
160
162
164
166
168
15 400
...
...
...
...
2300
2410
2540
2650
2780
1180
1230
1300
1350
1420
802
841
883
922
967
615
644
676
706
740
502
526
552
576
604
427
447
469
490
514
374
391
410
428
449
333
349
366
382
400
302
316
332
346
363
170
172
174
176
178
...
...
...
...
...
2910
3040
3190
3330
3480
1490
1550
1630
1700
1780
1010
1060
1110
1160
1210
775
810
847
885
925
633
661
691
722
754
538
562
587
613
640
470
491
513
535
559
419
437
457
477
498
379
396
414
432
451
180
182
184
186
188
...
...
...
...
...
3640
3800
3980
4150
4340
1860
1940
2030
2120
2210
1260
1320
1380
1440
1500
967
1010
1060
1100
1150
789
821
860
897
936
670
697
730
761
794
585
609
637
664
693
521
542
567
591
617
471
491
513
535
558
190
192
194
196
198
...
...
...
...
...
4520
4720
4920
5140
5350
2300
2410
2510
2620
2730
1570
1630
1700
1780
1850
1200
1250
1300
1360
1410
974
1020
1060
1110
1150
827
863
900
938
976
721
753
785
818
851
642
670
698
728
757
581
606
631
658
684
200
202
204
206
208
...
...
...
...
...
5570
5810
6050
6310
...
2840
2960
3080
3210
3340
1930
2010
2090
2180
2270
1470
1530
1600
1660
1730
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1020
1060
1100
1150
1190
885
922
960
999
1040
788
821
854
889
924
712
741
771
803
835
210
212
214
216
218
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
3480
3620
3760
3910
4060
2360
2450
2550
2650
2760
1800
1870
1950
2020
2100
1460
1520
1580
1640
1710
1240
1290
1340
1390
1450
1080
1120
1160
1210
1260
961
999
1040
1080
1120
868
902
937
973
1010
220
222
224
226
228
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
4220
4390
4560
4730
4910
2860
2980
3090
3200
3330
2180
2270
2350
2440
2540
1780
1840
1910
1990
2060
1500
1560
1620
1680
1750
1310
1360
1410
1460
1520
1160
1200
1250
1300
1350
1050
1090
1130
1170
1220
230
...
...
5100
3460
2630
2140
1810
1580
1400
1260
240
...
...
...
4160
3170
2570
2180
1890
1680
1510
250
...
...
...
...
3770
3060
2590
2250
2000
1800

--``,`,``,,`,,,```,,,`,````,,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Temperature,
F
D1142 95 (2012)
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
100
102
104
106
108
60
63
67
71
75
.4
.9
.5
.4
.4
45
47
50
53
56
.4
.9
.6
.4
.4
37
40
42
44
46
.9
.0
.1
.5
.9
33
35
37
39
41
.3
.5
.0
.1
.1
30
32
33
35
37
.3
.0
.6
.5
.3
28
29
31
32
34
.2
.7
.2
.9
.6
26
28
29
31
32
.6
.0
.4
.0
.6
25
26
28
29
31
.3
.6
.0
.5
.0
24
25
26
28
29
.3
.6
.9
.3
.7
110
112
114
116
118
79
84
88
93
98
.6
.1
.7
.6
.7
59
62
66
69
73
.4
.7
.1
.7
.4
49
52
54
57
60
.4
.1
.8
.7
.7
43
45
48
50
53
.3
.6
.0
.5
.1
39
41
43
45
48
.3
.4
.4
.7
.0
36
38
40
42
44
.4
.3
.2
.3
.4
34
36
37
39
41
.2
.0
.8
.8
.7
32
34
35
37
39
.5
.2
.9
.8
.6
31
32
34
36
37
.2
.8
.4
.2
.9
120
122
124
126
128
104
110
116
122
128
77
81
85
89
94
.3
.3
.6
.9
.7
63
67
70
74
78
.9
.2
.7
.2
.0
55
58
61
64
68
.9
.7
.7
.7
.0
50
53
55
58
61
.5
.0
.7
.4
.3
46
49
51
53
56
.7
.0
.4
.9
.6
43
45
48
50
53
.8
.9
.2
.5
.0
41
43
45
47
50
.6
.6
.7
.8
.2
39
41
43
45
48
.8
.7
.7
.7
.0
130
132
134
136
138
135
141
149
157
164
99
104
110
116
121
.8
82
85
90
94
99
.1
.8
.1
.9
.2
71
74
78
82
86
.5
.7
.4
.5
.2
64
67
70
74
77
.4
.3
.6
.2
.5
59
62
65
68
71
.4
.0
.0
.3
.3
55
58
60
63
66
.6
.1
.9
.9
.7
52
55
57
60
63
.6
.0
.6
.3
.1
50
52
55
57
60
.3
.5
.0
.7
.2
140
142
144
146
148
173
181
191
200
210
127
133
140
147
154
104
109
115
120
126
90
94
99
104
109
.4
.6
.3
81
85
89
93
97
.3
.0
.2
.0
.6
74
78
81
85
89
.7
.1
.9
.7
.6
69
73
76
80
83
.9
.0
.5
.0
.6
66
69
72
75
78
.0
.0
.3
.6
.9
63
65
68
72
75
.0
.8
.9
.0
.6
150
152
154
156
158
220
231
242
253
265
161
169
177
185
194
132
138
144
151
158
114
119
125
130
136
102
107
112
117
122
93
98
102
107
112
.8
.0
87
91
95
100
104
.5
.4
.4
82
86
89
94
98
.5
.2
.9
.0
.0
78
82
85
89
93
.6
.1
.6
.4
.2
160
162
164
166
168
277
290
304
317
332
202
211
221
231
242
165
172
180
188
196
142
149
155
162
169
127
133
139
145
151
116
122
127
132
138
108
113
118
123
128
102
107
111
116
121
97
101
106
110
115
.1
170
172
174
176
178
348
363
379
396
413
253
263
275
287
299
205
214
223
233
243
177
184
192
200
208
158
165
171
178
186
144
150
156
163
169
134
139
145
151
157
126
131
136
142
148
120
124
130
135
140
180
182
184
186
188
432
449
470
490
511
313
325
340
354
369
253
263
275
286
298
217
226
236
245
256
194
201
210
218
227
177
184
191
199
207
164
170
177
184
192
154
160
167
173
180
146
152
158
164
171
190
192
194
196
198
200
202
204
206
208
531
554
578
602
626
651
678
705
734
763
384
400
417
434
451
469
488
507
528
548
310
323
336
350
364
378
393
408
425
441
266
277
288
299
311
323
336
349
363
377
236
246
256
266
276
286
298
309
321
334
215
224
233
242
251
260
271
281
292
303
199
207
215
224
232
241
251
260
270
280
187
194
202
210
218
226
235
243
253
262
177
184
191
199
206
213
222
230
238
248
210
212
214
216
218
793
824
856
889
924
569
591
614
637
662
458
475
493
512
532
390
405
420
436
453
346
359
372
386
401
314
325
337
350
363
290
301
312
323
335
271
281
291
302
313
256
266
275
285
296
220
222
959
996
687
713
551
572
469
487
415
431
376
390
347
360
324
336
306
318

10
Licensee=BP International/5928366101
--``,`,``,,`,,,```,,,`,````,,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Temperature,
F
D1142 95 (2012)
TABLE 5
Continued

1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
224
226
228
1030
1070
1110
739
767
795
593
615
637
504
523
542
446
462
479
404
418
433
372
386
400
348
360
373
328
340
352
230
1150
824
660
561
495
448
413
385
363
240
1380
985
787
668
589
532
490
456
430
250
1640
1170
932
790
695
628
577
538
506
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--``,`,``,,`,,,```,,,`,````,,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Temperature,
F

ASTM D1142 - 95 (R2012) - Water Vapor Content of Gaseous Fuels by Measurement of Dew-Point Temperature

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ASTM D1142 - 95 (R2012) - Water Vapor Content of Gaseous Fuels by Measurement of Dew-Point Temperature

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Designation: D1142 95 (Reapproved 2012)

Standard Test Method for

Water Vapor Content of Gaseous Fuels by

1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the

saturated with the gas mixture. When a gas containing water

FIG. 1 Bureau of Mines Dew-Point Apparatus

is deposited, is protected from all gases other than the gas

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either end. The lower header is connected with the upper

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0.2F (0.1C) allow equilibrium conditions to be approached

FIG. 2 Equilibrium Water Vapor Content of Natural Gases

6.3 A correlation of the available data on the equilibrium

6.3.1 Table 2 lists values of the constants A and B for natural

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Vapor Pressure of Ice

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~ P b /14.7! 3 @ 519.6/ ~ t b 1459.6! # 3 ~ 0.998/Z b !

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Total Pressure, psia

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Total Pressure, psia

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Total Pressure, psia

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