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Engineering Guide
Product Fundamentals
Fan coils are a type of air handling unit designed to supply conditioned air to a room or zone. The basic components that make up a fan coil unit are a nned-tube heat exchanger, fan section and lter. The fan produces forced convection across the heat exchanger, which circulates either hot or cold water to provide conditioned air to the space. Individual zone thermostats are coupled to the fan coils fan speed controller and hydronic controls to maintain room temperature. A well-designed fan coil unit will have low air and water pressure drops across the coil to reduce fan and pump power requirements as well as an efcient fan and motor assembly for quiet operation. Also, any fan coil unit equipped with a cooling coil should have a drain pan installed to capture condensate, regardless of whether or not the entering air is preconditioned. Fan coils are located in or near the space to be conditioned for free delivery of air into the zone or with minimal duct work. Units generally operate with a blow-through arrangement where the coil is downstream of the fan. Most fan coil units are supplied with a direct drive fan/motor assembly. Most manufacturers certify their fan coil units cooling performance to the AirConditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute standard AHRI Standard 4402008: Performance Ratings for Room Fan Coils. The purpose of the standard is to provide classications, test requirements, and minimum data requirements for the published ratings of fan coil units delivering up to 1500 cfm. Fan coils can be used in decentralized HVAC systems or in conjunction with a central air handling unit. The major advantages of using fan coil units are that they allow for local control of individual zones and reduce the overall footprint of the system by replacing ductwork with water piping in a large portion of the system. They also reduce the amount of cross-contamination between zones and allow for unused areas to be shut down. To receive ventilation air, fan coils can either be ducted to a central air handler or to a mixing plenum. When attached to a mixing plenum, care must be taken as fan coils do not typically have provisions for controlling the amount of outdoor air admitted, and the coil must be protected from freezing in cold climates. Figure 1: View of Fan Coil Unit Coil Connections Fan Assembly
Discharge Opening
Coils
Drain Pan
Fan Coil Components Access Panel Removable sheet metal section allows access to internal mechanical and electrical components. Belt Drive The motor turns the blower by a belt connected to pulleys on each shaft end. Each motor revolution will usually not be equal to one blower revolution. Blower/Fan Multi-bladed, driven rotor enclosed so that air from an inlet is compressed to a higher discharge pressure. Casing Structural sheet metal box or shell to which all components are secured. Coil A heat exchanger in which liquid is circulated to provide heating or cooling to the air which passes through the heat sink ns. Control Enclosure Sheet metal shroud which houses the electrical connections, speed controller and transformer. The enclosure cover prevents accidental electrical shock as well as protects the contents from the environment. Direct Drive The motor shaft is directly secured to the blower shaft. Each motor revolution is equal to one blower revolution. Discharge Collar Rectangular tting attached to the unit outlet allowing for quick attachment of downstream ductwork. Drain Pan Pan located under the cooling coil to catch condensate formed during cooling. Filter Rack Tray in which a lter can be pulled out for maintenance or replacement. Liner Internal blanket adhered to the casing that is used to reduce the radiated and/ or discharge sound levels. Materials used vary based on application and performance required. Motor Electrical component of an air movement device that provides work to turn the blade assembly.
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All Metric dimensions ( ) are soft conversion. Imperial dimensions are converted to metric and rounded to the nearest millimetre.
Supply Air Zone 1 Fan Coil Unit Return Air Fan Coil Unit
T T
CLASSROOM
CLASSROOM
Zone 1
Zone 2
AHU
All Metric dimensions ( ) are soft conversion. Imperial dimensions are converted to metric and rounded to the nearest millimetre.
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Fan Filter Return Air Opening Duct Coils Ceiling Fan Filter
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All Metric dimensions ( ) are soft conversion. Imperial dimensions are converted to metric and rounded to the nearest millimetre.
Duct
ENGINEERING GUIDE - FAN COILS & BLOWER COILS
Supply Return
Corridor CLASSROOM
Typical Applications High performance fan coils are an excellent choice for applications where a high level of individual zone temperature control and low noise is required. This makes them an ideal candidate for schools, hotels, apartments and ofce buildings. Higher air volume and static pressure capability also make them ideal for larger spaces and applications requiring longer duct runs and multiple air outlets such as labs, meeting rooms, halls, lecture theaters, etc.
The high cooling capacity available with high performance fan coils meets the needs of high load spaces such as labs, perimeter zones with high solar loads, and high occupancy spaces. High performance fan coils are also well-suited for hospitals and laboratories because of their constant ow programmability and their ability to use higher efciency lters. The high efciency and VAV capability of ECM technology, coupled with the energy efcient benets of hydronic cooling or heating and the IAQ benets of a DOAS system lends well to LEED certication and green building design.
All Metric dimensions ( ) are soft conversion. Imperial dimensions are converted to metric and rounded to the nearest millimetre.
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Outdoor Air
Supply Air
Return Air
Filter
Coils
Fan
Ceiling
Duct
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All Metric dimensions ( ) are soft conversion. Imperial dimensions are converted to metric and rounded to the nearest millimetre.
Access Panel Removable sheet metal section allows access to internal mechanical and electrical components. Belt Drive The motor turns the blower by a belt connected to pulleys on each shaft end. Each motor revolution will usually not be equal to one blower revolution. Blower/Fan Multi-bladed, driven rotor enclosed so that air from an inlet is compressed to a higher discharge pressure. Casing Structural sheet metal box or shell to which all components are secured. Coil A heat exchanger in which liquid is circulated to provide heating or cooling to the air which passes through the sink ns. Control Enclosure Sheet metal shroud in which houses the electrical connections, speed controller, and transformer. The enclosure cover prevents accidental electrical shock as well as protects the contents from the environment.
Direct Drive The motor shaft is directly secured to the blower shaft. Each motor revolution is equal to one blower revolution. Discharge Collar Rectangular tting attached to the unit outlet allowing for quick attachment of downstream ductwork. Filter Rack Tray in which a lter can be pulled out for maintenance or replacement. Liner Internal blanket adhered to the casing that is used to reduce the radiated and/or discharge sound levels. Materials used vary based on application and performance required. Motor Electrical component of an air movement device that provides work to turn the blade assembly.
All Metric dimensions ( ) are soft conversion. Imperial dimensions are converted to metric and rounded to the nearest millimetre.
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Insulation
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All Metric dimensions ( ) are soft conversion. Imperial dimensions are converted to metric and rounded to the nearest millimetre.
Fan Coil U
ENGINEERING GUIDE - FAN COILS & BLOWER COILS
Fan Coil U
Fan Coil Unit Fan Coil Unit Fan Coil Unit Fan Coil Unit
water ow rate should be selected. Pumps with very at curves should be avoided as small changes in pressure would lead to large changes in ow, creating system control issues.
All Metric dimensions ( ) are soft conversion. Imperial dimensions are converted to metric and rounded to the nearest millimetre.
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Fan Coil Unit Heating Coil Cooling Coil Fan Coil Unit Common Coil
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All Metric dimensions ( ) are soft conversion. Imperial dimensions are converted to metric and rounded to the nearest millimetre.
Figure 22: Typical Wiring Diagram - Basic Electric Neutral Low Med High Line 1 L Operating Voltage G1 Fan Speed I (Low) G2 Fan Speed II (Med) G3 Fan Speed III (High) W/Y Control Output Fan Coil Terminal Block
On
Valve Signal
High
SR Jumpers Factory Electrical Wiring Field Electrical Wiring SR1 SR2 Thermostat Terminals
Figure 23: Sequence of operation for manually selected fan speed and manual heat-cool changeover
3 Speed Fan Flow Heating ON Dead Band Cooling ON
High
Med
Off
Cool
Warm
All Metric dimensions ( ) are soft conversion. Imperial dimensions are converted to metric and rounded to the nearest millimetre.
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+24V Hot 1 -24V Com 2 -24V Com +24V Open +24V Closed
GREEN TIP PI control and modulating water valves minimize room temperature overshoot providing energy savings.
2
Neutral
3
Oparating Voltage 24 VAC
4
3 Position Valve, Open Signal
6
3 Position Valve, Close Signal
7
Changeover Sensor Input
8
Measuring Neutral
9
Return Air Temp Input
10
Fan Speed III (High)
11 12 D1 GND
Potential-Free Operating Mode Changeover Switch Input Fan Speed II (Medium) Fan Speed I (Low)
Thermostat Terminals
Figure 26: Sequence of operation for automatic heat-cool changeover and modulating control of heating and cooling
3 Speed Fan Flow Open
Valve Signal
Heating ON
High
Cooling ON
High
Med
Closed
Cool
Warm
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All Metric dimensions ( ) are soft conversion. Imperial dimensions are converted to metric and rounded to the nearest millimetre.
Figure 28: Sequence of operation for automatic heat /cool changeover and modulating control of heating and cooling, with discharge air temperature control of the cooling ow.
Heating ON
High
Cooling ON
High
Med
0 Volts
Cool
Warm
Figure 29: Sequence of operation for automatic heat /cool changeover, modulating control of heating and cooling with discharge air temperature control of the cooling and heating ow and variable fan speed. Dead Band 10 Volts
Valve Signal
Heating ON
0 Volts
2 oF 1oF 1oF
Cool
Warm
All Metric dimensions ( ) are soft conversion. Imperial dimensions are converted to metric and rounded to the nearest millimetre.
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Digital Controller
Reciever
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All Metric dimensions ( ) are soft conversion. Imperial dimensions are converted to metric and rounded to the nearest millimetre.
Low Pressure Fan Coils High Performance Fan Coils Blower Coils
Noise Sensitive Applications Public Use Broadcast Studios Theaters Unit Type
Low Pressure Fan Coils High Performance Fan Coils Blower Coils
Shopping Centers
Often Used for this application Not Recommended for this application - Sometimes used for this application (restrictions may apply)
All Metric dimensions ( ) are soft conversion. Imperial dimensions are converted to metric and rounded to the nearest millimetre.
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References
AHRI (2001a). AHRI standard 260-2001: Sound ratings of ducted air moving and conditioning equipment. Arlington, VA: Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute. AHRI (2001b). AHRI standard 410-2001: Forced circulation air-cooling and air- heating coils. Arlington, VA: Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute. AHRI (2008a). AHRI standard 440-2008: Performance rating of room fan-coils. Arlington, VA: Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute.
ENGINEERING GUIDE - FAN COILS & BLOWER COILS
AHRI (2008b). AHRI standard 885-2008: Procedure for estimating occupied space sound levels in the application of air terminals and air outlets. Arlington, VA: Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute. AHRI (2009). AHRI standard 430-2009: Performance rating of central station air- handling units. Arlington, VA: Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute. ASHRAE (2001). Standard 62-2001Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers. ASHRAE (2007a). ASHRAE handbookHVAC applications. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers. ASHRAE (2007b). Standard 52.2-2007Method of testing general ventilation air-cleaning devices for removal efciency by particle size. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers. ASHRAE (2008a). ASHRAE handbookHVAC systems and equipment (SI edition). Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers. ASHRAE (2008b). Standard 130-2008Methods of testing air terminal units. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers. ASHRAE (2009). ASHRAE handbookFundamentals. Atlanta, GA: American Society for Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc. Price Industries (2011). Price engineer's HVAC handbookA comprehensive guide to HVAC fundamentals. Winnipeg, MB: Price Industries Limited.
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All Metric dimensions ( ) are soft conversion. Imperial dimensions are converted to metric and rounded to the nearest millimetre.