Benchmarking
Dr Marios Leonardos
Public Power Corporation, Greece
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: s ?
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/Gcal (8)
3 of 26
(R)
O " " (R m/t) m
t . :
C = (C1/1.2) + C2 *R
C /t
C1 /m
C2 /m
R m/t
1.2 t/m
C1C2 C1 =C2=Caver
C= (0.83+R)*Caver
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:
C . 2000
3.5 ,
, 5,5.
C , ,
, .
C , , .
,
.
(
).
5 of 26
;
C
/Gcal,
.
, ( ) ,
( ).
C /t.
R (. . 2.1), (
) ,
R ( ).
C /m.
(, , & )
(, , ).
( ) ,
.
.
""
.
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: /m
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UUU
UU
UU
UUU
U
UU
UU
U
U
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . y
/m ( 5, 2008 - 2012) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z
2,75
2,34
1,86
2,42
3,13
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&
(M.O. 2008 - 2012)
/m
x
(Dif)
y
(Size)
z
(Cexcav)
2,75
2,34
1,86
2,42
3,13
Cexcav=2.38+0.29*Dif-0.15*Size
2008 - 2012 (/m3)
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2,85
2,69
2,51
1,71
1,92
1,73
1,47
2,00
2,02
2,07
2,33
2,61
2,84
3,06
2,92
2,05
2,33
2,51
2,40
2,82
2,19
2,24
2,48
2,34
2,43
3,04
3,43
2,80
3,17
3,21
2,29
2,37
2,52
2,42
2,50
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(9/12)
25% 45%,
1550 kcal / kg ,
- 2,4%
2011
33 Mt/
9,8 /t
6.3 /Gcal
42,8 %
9,8/(4+0.76)=9.8/4.76=
2.06 /m
2.06 /m
1
3
2,22 /m (=2.38+1*0,29-3*0,15=2,22 /m3)
2,22 /m
M. LEONARDOS - PPC lignite cost Benchmarking v3/26.2.2014
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KOLUBARAewsletter,September2013,issue2
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
3,83 /m
, .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,37 /m
. 2,37 /m
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14 of 26
8.
9.
2.30 /m
: , 0 - 1
: 3, ""
: 1.93 - 2.22 /m
. 2,22 /m
M. LEONARDOS - PPC lignite cost Benchmarking v3/26.2.2014
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The Belchatow basin, situated in the central part of Poland, incorporates two lignite fields: Belchatow and Szczercw.
In 2010, the Bechatw mine produced 32.8 million tonnes (8.8 Mtce) of lignite, representing 58 % of Polands total lignite production.
This required the removal of some 101.9 million cubic metres of overburden, which equates to an overburden-to-lignite ratio of 3.1
cubic metres per tonne.
The depth of the mining operation in the Belchatow field is about 300 metres and the average calorific value of the fuel is 7,960 kJ/kg.
Bechatw mine is expected to remain in operation until 2038. The lignite output is supplied entirely to a mine-mouth power plant, with
a capacity of 4,440 MW. The power plant generates 27-28 TWh per year, covering about 20% of domestic power requirements. Built
between 1981 and 1988, it presently generates the cheapest electricity in Poland. A new 858 MW unit is under construction at
Belchatow
"Lignite costs some 6.5 zlotys ($2.05) per gigajoule and hard coal 10 to 11 zlotys," said Maciej Hebda, equity analyst at Espirito Santo.
[31.7.2013 2.05 $/GJ= 8.6 $/Gcal =6.4 /Gcal)
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http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/31/usenergypol
andligniteanalysisidUSBRE96U0L920130731
2.92 /m
, , 1
: 3, ""
: 2.22 /m
()
. . . . . . 2,22 /m
M. LEONARDOS - PPC lignite cost Benchmarking v3/26.2.2014
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Location: Saxony
Production fields: Schleenhain, Peres, Groitzscher Dreieck
Age of coal: 45 to 20 million years
Coal production: 10 to 11 million tonnes/year
Tailings: 25 to 30 million m/year
Water drainage: 35 to 40 million m/year
M. LEONARDOS - PPC lignite cost Benchmarking v3/26.2.2014
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2012
. . . . . . . 35y
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,0 m/t
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,0 /t
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Mt/y
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11000 kJ/kg - 2625 kcal/kg
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,6 /Gcal
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,19 /m
12/(3+0.76)=12/3,76= 3,19 /m
3,19 /m
, , 1
: 2
: 2.37 /m
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,37 /m
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Offering Memorandum
EP Energy, a.s.
500,000,000 5.875% Senior Secured Notes due 2019
Guaranteed on a senior secured basis by certain subsidiaries of EP Energy, a.s.
MIBRAG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2011
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.8 m
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.6 Mt
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.02 m/t
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.1 Mm
* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195.2 M
. . . . . . . . . . 9.96 /t
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 %
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11000 kJ/kg - 2625 kcal/kg
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 /Gcal
. . . . . . . . . . . 2.05 /m
195.2/95.1= 2.05 /m
2.05 /m
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Rovinari / Romania
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2010
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CNL Oltenia Tg.Jiu
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,3 Mt/y
. . . . . . . . 20y
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,3 m/t
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,8 /t
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6800 kJ/kg - 1600kcal/kg
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,2 /Gcal
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,44 /m
14,8/(5,3+0.76)=14,8/6,06= 2,44 /m
2,44 /m
, , 1
: 2
: 2.37 /m
. . 2,37 /m
M. LEONARDOS - PPC lignite cost Benchmarking v3/26.2.2014
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2005
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matra - RWE AG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,15 Mt/y
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,9 m/t
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,0 /t
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7150 kJ/kg - 1700kcal/kg
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,8 /Gcal
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,44 /m
15/(6,9+0.76)=15,0/7,66= 1,96 /m
1,96 /m
, , 1
: 3
: 2.22 /m
. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,22 /m
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1/2
, G
/
/t
R t/m
/m
/Gcal
Mt/y
33
9.8
2.06
6.3
Kolubara, Serbia
30
13.3
2.2
3.83
15
13
5.24
2.2
3.5
Belchatow, Poland
40
9.55 + Depr
2.6
2.92 + Depr
6.4
11
12
3,19
4.6
19.6
9.96
4.02
2.05
3.8
Rovinari / Romania
6.3
14.8
5.3
2.44
9.2
Visonta/Bkkabany / Hungary
8.15
15
6.9
1.96
8.8
/m
2008 - 2012
2,75
2,34
1,86
2,42
3,13
. :10 - 13/Gcal
M. LEONARDOS - PPC lignite cost Benchmarking v3/26.2.2014
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2/2
Mt/y
/m
33
42,8
600
2.06
6.5
Kolubara, Serbia
30
49,2
600
3.83
13.3
15
2.2
2.2
40
25
820
2.92
5.4
11
36,7
3800
3,19
3.1
19.6
44
3800
2.05
Rovinari / Romania
6.3
48,9
420
2.44
11.5
Visonta/Bkkabany / Hungary
8.15
26
1000
1.96
3.3
/m
( ): 3600.00
2008 - 2012
2,75
2,34
1,86
2,42
3,13
. :10 - 13/Gcal
M. LEONARDOS - PPC lignite cost Benchmarking v3/26.2.2014
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/m.
(, , & )
(, , ).
( )
, .
C
/m .
.
C ,
.
C , /Gcal,
(Gcal/t)
.
C
, , , .
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