FFT Aura Fence Installation Manual v1.1.2

FFT Aura Fence Installation Manual
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Future Fibre Technologies Pty. Ltd. Future Fibre Technologies Pty. Ltd. may have patents or pending patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. The furnishing of this document does not transfer rights or license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property except as expressly provided in any written license agreement from Future Fibre Technologies Pty. Ltd. 2013 Future Fibre Technologies Pty. Ltd. All rights reserved. Printed in Australia. Document Title: FFT Aura Fence Installation Manual Document Number: M902 3713 022, Version 1.1.2 Future Fibre Technologies Pty. Ltd., the Future Fibre Technologies logo, FFT, FFT Aura, FFT Secure Zone, FFT Secure Fence, FFT Secure Link, FFT Secure Pipe, FOSS, FOSL, FOSF, FOPSS, FFT CAMS, FFT TAZ, FFT Locator, FFT Microstrain/Locator and Foptic are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Future Fibre Technologies Pty Ltd. Incorporated in Australia, the USA and/or other countries. Microsoft, MS, MS-DOS and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Fujikura FSM-60S Fusion Splicer is a product of Fujikara Limited. Joint closure instructions reprinted with permission of Tyco International Limited (TE Electronics) and Channell Commercial Corporation, USA. Westover FM-C320 Fibre Microscope is a product of Westover Scientific (JDSU). Alazar is a trademark of AlazarTech, USA. Basik is a trademark of NKT Electronics Co. Ltd, China. NI is a trademark of National Instruments, USA. Adlink is a trademark of ADLINK Technology Inc. Helios Web Interface (HWI) is a product of Fotech Solutions Ltd.
Contents
1.0 Company information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Company overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Contact details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.0 FFT terminology and acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.0 Important product and safety information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1 FFT product disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.2 Laser safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.3 Reminders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.0 FFT Aura product overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.1 How it works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.2 Sensing distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.3 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.3.1 Zoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.3.2 Interference immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.3.3 Intrinsically safe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.3.4 Interfacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.3.5 Zone Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.0 Equipment list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6.0 FFT Aura general specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.0 System design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7.1 Importance of planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7.2 Distance that can be protected with a single FFT Aura system . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7.2.1 Minimum length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 7.2.2 Sensor cable type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 7.3 Covering longer distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 7.3.1 Optical power budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 7.4 Fence preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 8.0 Cable installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 8.1 Lead-in cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 8.2 Conduit from ground onto fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 8.3 Fence-mounted sensor cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 8.4 Installing the sensor chain link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 8.4.1 Attaching the sensor cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 8.4.2 Cabling past poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 8.4.3 Corners and bracing points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 8.4.4 Alternative cabling patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Contents iii
8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8
Installing the sensor weldmesh or expanded metal fences . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installing the sensor Steel palisade fences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installing the sensor Ameristar Impasse fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cabling of swing gates and drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8.1 Pedestrian gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8.2 Gate isolator units (GIU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 Rack installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9.1 Temperature-controlled rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32 34 37 39 40 41 42 42
9.0 Cable preparation and termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 9.1 Pits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 9.2 Cable terminations enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 9.3 Splicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 9.4 End sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 9.4.1 End sensor preparation and installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 9.5 Splicing gate isolator units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 9.5.1 Enclosure dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 9.5.2 GIU Logic installation example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 9.5.3 Number of cable entries per GIU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 9.5.4 Dual gate installation logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 9.5.5 Single gate installation logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 9.5.6 Physical layout of the Gate Isolator Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 9.6 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 9.7 Installing and terminating the fibre optic patch panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 9.7.1 Mounting the patch panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 9.7.2 Cable entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 9.7.3 Fusion splicing of tight buffered and loose tube cables . . . . . . . . . . . 59 10.0 Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 10.2 Recommended OTDR tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 10.2.1 Testing the installed fibre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 10.2.2 Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 10.3 Reflections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 10.4 Determining the sensor length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 11.0 Installing the UPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 12.0 FFT Aura sensing controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 12.1 Mounting and connecting cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 12.2 Connecting the sensor cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
iv
Appendix A Inspection and cleaning procedures for fibre optic connections . . . 71 A.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 A.2 Inspection and cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 A.3 Reminders and warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 A.3.1 Laser safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 A.3.2 Reminders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 A.4 General inspection and cleaning procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 A.5 Connector inspection technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 A.5.1 Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 A.6 Cleaning techniques for pigtails and patch cords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 A.6.1 Dry cleaning technique: Cartridge style cleaners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 A.6.2 Dry cleaning technique: Lint-free wipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 A.6.3 Wet cleaning technique: Lint-free wipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 A.7 Sample images of contamination conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Appendix B Sensor cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 B.1 Sensor cable type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 B.2 Handling fibre optic cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Appendix C Splice joint closure instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 C.1 12/24 Splice joint and 36/72 Splice joint closure instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 C.2 Method A Tyco (TE Electronics) Instruction Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 C.2.1 Kit contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 C.2.2 Closure preparation (entry ports) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 C.2.3 Cable preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 C.2.4 Cable installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 C.2.5 Fibre splicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 C.2.6 Sealing closure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 C.3 Method B Channell Instruction Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 C.3 Fibre Optic 12/24 Splice Heatshrink Openable Joint Closure (140001/140002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 C.3.1 Kit contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 C.3.2 Closure preparation (entry ports) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 C.3.3 Cable preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 C.3.4 Cable installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 C.3.5 Fibre splicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 C.3.6 Sealing closure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Contents
Appendix D Routine system maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 D.1 Air filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 D.2 Air conditioning maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 D.3 Field inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 D.4 File housekeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 D.4.1 Log file backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Appendix E System checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
vi
1.0
1.1
Company information
Company overview
Future Fibre Technologies (FFT) manufactures and markets a range of fibre optic intrusion detection and location systems for fences, pipelines, perimeters and other assets that are, quite simply, the worlds most effective solution for securing high value assets and critical infrastructure. FFTs core products include: FFT Aura FFT CAMS FFT Secure Fence FFT Secure Link FFT Secure Pipe FFT Secure Point FFT Secure Zone
Company information
1.2
Contact details
Washington DC Future Fibre Technologies (US) Inc. 11350 Random Hills Road, Suite 800 Fairfax, VA 22030 USA Toll free: +1 (877) 650 8900 Outside USA: +1 (650) 903 2222 Fax: +1 (435) 417 6671 Email: info@fft-usa.com Web: www.fftsecurity.com Europe Future Fibre Technologies Pty Ltd 3000 Hillswood Drive, Hillswood Business Park Chertsey, Surrey KT16 0RS England Phone: Fax: Email: Web: +44 (0)1932 895 317 +44 (0)1932 895 318 info.emea@fftsecurity.com www.fftsecurity.com
Americas Future Fibre Technologies (US) Inc 800 West El Camino Road Mountain View CA 94040 USA Toll free: +1 (877) 650 8900 Outside USA: +1 (650) 903 2222 Fax: +1 (435) 417 6671 Email: info@fft-usa.com Web: www.fftsecurity.com Australia Future Fibre Technologies Pty Ltd 10 Hartnett Close Mulgrave VIC 3170 Australia Phone: Fax: Email: Web: +61 (3) 9590 3100 +61 (3) 9560 8000 info.apac@fftsecurity.com www.fftsecurity.com
Middle East Future Fibre Technologies MENA FZ-LLC Building 11 Office G08 Dubai Internet City United Arab Emirates Phone: Fax: Email: Web: +971 4 4345361 +971 4 4393406 info.mena@fftsecurity.com www.fftsecurity.com
India Future Fibre Technologies M-12/23, DLF City Phase 2 Gurgaon, Haryana 122 002 India Phone: Fax: Email: Web: +91 124 4087020 +91 124 4087019 info.southasia@fftsecurity.com www.fft security.com
2.0
FFT terminology and acronyms

Description Application Programming Interface. Alarm Recognition and Discrimination. Can be made up of multiple zones. This term is used only for establishing views in FFT CAMS, for example, North Fence, Boundary Road Fence, etc. Refers to type of barrier on the perimeter or the various multiple lines of defence, for example, Chain mesh Outer Fence, Below Ground Sensor, Sterile Zone, Barbwire, Gates, Taut Wire Inner Fence, PIR, VMD, CCTV, etc. Below Ground Sensor. Each independent sensing cable monitored by a Controller. Microstrain/Locator has one channel. 408/408 systems have up to eight channels. The FFT Secure Zone system has up to 16 channels. The alarm channel has been disabled in FOSS, that is, the perimeter covered by that channel is no longer supervised. Control and Command. A single sensing controller (a PC running FOSS) that can control multiple zones. The sector may either be the complete perimeter or one section of the perimeter. It contains all the channels and zones monitored by an individual FOSS Controller. Distributed Acoustic System. An external device to FFT CAMS, for example, PLC, camera, etc. is not responding. Daylight Saving Time. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing. DWDM works by combining and transmitting multiple signals simultaneously at different wavelengths on the same fibre. Defines and terminates the end of the sensing cable for FFT Secure Zone systems. Defines and terminates the end of the sensing cable. Function Detect Event Locator. An insensitive singlemode lead-in cable connecting the sensing controller to the sensing cable. Used in all FFT products.
Acronym API ARaD Area Name (User defined) Barriers (User defined) BGS Channel
Channel Alarms Disabled Alarm CNCD Controller Sector (User defined)
DAS Device Not Responding Alarm DST DWDM
End Element End Sensor FDEL Feeder Cable
FFT CAMS
Central Alarm Monitoring System software that can be used on any computer on the sensing network. Used to integrate and centralise the information and signals from each of the sensing controllers on the network, including specific third-party equipment. Fibre optic perimeter security detection and location system. 8-channel fibre optic perimeter security detection system with a maximum range of 10 km for each individual channel. 8-channel fibre optic perimeter security detection system with a maximum range of 40 km for each individual channel. Fibre optic network security monitoring system. Fibre optic pipeline security monitoring system detecting third-party interference and tampering. Fibre optic perimeter protection of utility substations, solar farms, storage yards, pumping stations, block valve sites, etc. Fibre optic zone-based intrusion detection system for relatively short fence perimeters. An alarm that indicates that a fibre has been broken or cut. Fibre Optic Sensing System software used to operate the FFT sensing controller. An alarm that indicates that the FOSS software is running degraded. Normally this will require the FOSS PC to be restarted. The FOSS unit has been shut down. Gate isolator unit. Allows gates to be defined within the locating system as separate zones from the fence sensor; allows the gate to be isolated and not generate alarms. Graphical User Interface. Global Unique Identifier a unique identifier for an alarm. Keyboard, Video and Mouse console. An alarm that can be raised to indicate that the laser has been turned off. For example, this happens when an operator opens the configuration dialog on a FOSS unit configured as a locator. An alarm that indicates that the laser temperature has exceeded a set shutdown level. A technician should verify why the temperature in the room with the FOSS PC/unit has increased. An alarm that indicates that the laser temperature has exceeded a set warning level. It should be monitored from there on as it might keep increasing or it might decrease.
FFT Aura Fence Operations Manual
FFT Secure Fence FFT Secure Fence 108 FFT Secure Fence 408 FFT Secure Link FFT Secure Pipe FFT Secure Point FFT Secure Zone Fibre Break Alarm FOSS FOSS Degraded Alarm FOSS Unit Shutting Down GIU
GUI GUID KVM Laser Off Alarm
Laser Shutdown Alarm
Laser Temperature Warning
LED Locator Disabled For Channel Alarm Locator Fault Alarm Loss of Communications
Light Emitting Diode. FOSS indicates that the given channel is a locator channel, whereas FFT CAMS has it configured as an FFT Secure Zone channel. This is a configuration error. A system alarm that can be raised by a Locator system. This alarm type normally reflects that the installation of the FOSS unit is faulty. Please contact FFT. A system alarm that can be raised by either an FFT Secure Zone or a Locator system. It indicates that FOSS has not replied to the heartbeat sent by FFT CAMS within a set timeout period. The network connection should be verified between FOSS and FFT CAMS. Microstrain Locator. Multimode fibre optic cable. Optical Time Domain Reflectometer. An instrument used to test fibre systems and locate losses and reflections. Reserved for Future Use. The industrial computer that houses the FFT sensing hardware and software. Controls and monitors the fibre optic sensing cable, detecting events and intrusions. Software Development Kit. An interface provided to access the services of FFT CAMS. Singlemode fibre optic cable. Defines the beginning of the sensing cable for that zone for FFT Secure Zone systems. Defines the beginning of the sensing cable. Prior to the start sensor, the lead-in cable is insensitive. An intrusion alarm that normally reflects a short duration impact on the perimeter. FFT CAMS did not shutdown properly. An intrusion alarm that normally reflects a longer duration impact on the perimeter. Uninterruptable Power Supply. Coordinated Universal Time or Universal Time Coordinated. Refers to the localised breakdown of the individual sections of the barrier being monitored. Can be either (FFT Secure Zone, 8-channel, strain) hardware or software (M/L) zones.
M/L Multimode (MM) OTDR RFU
Sensing Controller
SDK Singlemode (SM) Start Element Start Sensor Stealth Alarm System Shutdown Error Alarm Threshold Count Alarm UPS UTC Zones (User defined)
3.0
3.1
Important product and safety information

FFT product disclaimers
Please read this document and any attached notes carefully before proceeding with installation and operation.
Future Fibre Technologies Pty. Ltd. (FFT) shall have no liability for incidental or consequential damages of any kind arising out of the sale, installation, or use of its products. All software described in this document is furnished under license. The software may only be used and copied in accordance with the terms of the licence. FFT or its affiliated companies or representatives assume no responsibility for the use or the reliability of the software, firmware or any equipment that is not supplied by FFT. The application software supplied with the fibre optic sensing system will perform in accordance with the performance specifications outlined in this manual only if it is used with hardware supplied by FFT. The specified performance of the application software is in no way guaranteed if it is used with hardware other than that supplied or specified by FFT.
3.2
Laser safety
The FFT Aura system is a Class 1 M Laser product as defined in ANSI Z136.1 2000 and AS/ NZS 2211.2:2006. Class 1 Lasers are low-power devices, which emit radiation levels lower than the Maximum Permissible Exposure. The maximum peak power level at the output ports of the FFT Aura system is below the maximum permissible exposure level.
At no time should the laser be turned on while there is no fibre connected to the controllers output port. Doing so will potentially cause serious damage to the optical transmission circuit. If this type of damage occurs, the controller must be returned to FFT for repair.
FFT always recommends that best practice is adhered to when dealing with optical fibre systems. These are listed below as a number of reminders and warnings.
3.3

Reminders
Always turn off the laser and sensing controller whenever installation or maintenance on the fibre is taking place or whenever a connector is disconnected or a fibre broken. Before you inspect fibre connectors, ensure that the laser LED is OFF. Never inspect fibre connectors with a fibre scope with laser on. Always inspect the connectors or adapters before you clean them. Always clean then reinspect the connector before making the connection. Always use the connector housing to plug or unplug a fibre never pull on the fibre. Always keep a protective cap on any unplugged fibre connectors. Always store unused protective caps in a resealable container to prevent the possibility of transferring dust to the fibre. Locate the containers near the connectors for easy access. Never use alcohol or wet cleaning without a way to insure that it does not leave residue on the endface. This residue can cause performance degradation of the system. Never look into a fibre while the system lasers are on. Never clean bulkheads or receptacle devices without a way to inspect them. Never touch the endface of the fibre connectors.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and may not be construed in any way as a commitment by FFT. While FFT makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and contents of the document it assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear.
Important product and safety information
4.0
FFT Aura product overview
A major issue for security service providers is confidence in the integrity of the monitoring systems at their disposal. Security service providers require systems that are able to operate easily and reliably under a wide variety of operational and environmental conditions and that are not prone to false alarms. In response to this, Future Fibre Technologies developed FFT Aura a significant and highly cost-effective intrusion detection technology for fences, employing advanced distributed fibre optic sensors. FFT Aura is a monitoring system that detects the first signs of intrusion at the fence line, performing easily and reliably under a wide variety of operational and environmental conditions with an extremely low false alarm rate. The FFT Aura system has been primarily designed to work on chain link fences. These fences have an inherent flex and movement in their construction that provides optimal sensitivity, performance and intrusion detection for the sensing controller. The FFT Aura sensor can also be employed as a shallow buried sensor, buried at the base of a fence to detect an intruder before they commence the climb. This technology provides a new dimension in detecting intrusions. FFT Aura continuously monitors for any physical disturbances or activity on the fence in real-time. It also locates where the disturbance is along a perimeter fence protected with up to 16 kilometres of sensor cable quickly, reliably and accurately to within 6 metres. This unique feature allows end users to pinpoint an intrusion on long perimeter sites, such as airports and military bases. While the technology behind FFT Aura is sophisticated, its application in a system context is very simple. The basic system operates over a total optical distance of up to 16 kilometres with an industrial hardware platform (sensing controller) and a passive termination device (end sensor) at the remote end. The only system component between these two ends is the fibre optic sensing cable itself. There are no electronics, power or maintenance requirements in the field. By employing FFT CAMS to manage multiple FFT Secure Fence systems networked together, hundreds, if not thousands of kilometres of perimeter fence line can be monitored and protected. The information contained in this document relates to installing FFT Aura onto chain link fences. FFT Aura can be installed onto other types of fence constructions, but physical cable attachment and installation would be dependent on the physical characteristics, such as fence flexibility, rigidity, and so on, in order to deliver a comparable detection performance to chain link. Contact FFT for further information and specific recommendations.
4.1
How it works
FFT Aura is effectively a fibre optic microphone designed to detect disturbances generated by direct contact intrusions and attempted intrusions on a fence, while discriminating between normal ambient conditions. FFT Aura is a phase-sensitive OTDR-based sensing system employing one single mode fibre is used within a sensing cable. Using a coherent laser, pulses of light are propagated down the fibre. The natural Rayleigh scattering process in optical fibres causes a small portion of this light to scatter or reflect back towards a detector which is also appropriately placed at the source to receive the scattered signals. Using this technique a series or array of distributed sensing channels or microphones are sequentially set up along the sensing fibre. By detecting and monitoring the backscattered signal as well as its pulse timing information, a perturbation on the sensing cable can be detected and located to high precision. The system does not require specially manufactured fibre and can operate with a standard telecommunications grade fibre optic cable. FFT Aura is distributed, providing detection at every point along the fibre. When deployed as a fence-mounted sensing system, it is capable of highly accurate sensing with accuracy of up to 6 metres over an optical range of 16 kilometres from the sensing controller. The FFT Aura system is very sensitive to minute movements of the cable and the fence fabric the cable is attached to. Through the use of intelligent signal processing, these movements can be isolated from other environmental signals for clear identification, with minimal false alarm rates. As shown in the basic FFT Aura layout (Figure 4-1), the system is comprised of an optical fibre cable attached to the fence fabric and an FFT Aura sensing controller containing the optoelectronics, data acquisition hardware and signal processing software. The system connects to FFT CAMS (Central Alarm Monitoring System) which can integrate numerous FFT Aura systems into the one central monitoring unit for ease of operation. Note that the figure is indicative and actual cable patterns used will vary.
Figure 4-1 Basic FFT Aura layout
FFT Aura uses singlemode optical fibres as its sensor, detecting movement and vibration acting on the cable, and the fence it is attached to. Contact FFT for further information and specific recommendations for fence constructions. Power is not required along the fence line for FFT Aura, nor is the sensing cable at risk of damage from electrical interference, lightning strikes, EMI or RFI.
4.2
Sensing distances
The standard sensing controller may protect up to 16 kilometres of total optical path length. The actual distance achievable with a single controller is limited by a system power budget of 6 dB and a maximum length of 16 kilometres. Note that large point losses or reflections within the sensor path are unacceptable and will need to be rectified before commencing the commissioning process. The optical path length comprises the lead-in and the sensing fibre lengths.
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4.3
4.3.1
Features
Zoning
Using FFT CAMS, the FFT Aura system has the flexibility to be configured as a large singlezone or with multiple smaller zones as these lengths are software configurable. One sensor cable can be divided into multiple zones of varying lengths to correspond with the positions of CCTVs, lights, and so on. A matrix switcher interface is also optionally available within FFT CAMS to interface and control Pelco D series cameras using ASCII Protocol.
4.3.2
Interference immunity
One specific benefit of fibre optic based systems is their immunity to electromagnetic interference. This is particularly important for installations near high-voltage electrical equipment, or in areas subject to lightning strikes, electromagnetic pulses, strong magnetic fields or RFI.
4.3.3
Intrinsically safe
Another important aspect of FFT Aura is that no power, external electronics or control hardware is required in the field. There is no power applied to or near the fence itself, and the end sensor is a passive optical device that does not require power.
4.3.4
Interfacing
FFT Aura systems have a powerful integration capability offering interfaces to a wide range of security devices and technologies such as cameras, lights, PLCs, high level security management systems and access control. This is achieved using FFT CAMS.
4.3.5
Zone Isolation
FFT Aura systems have the ability to isolate areas or zones without any impact on the remaining parts of the sensor. Some examples include high noise areas such as air-conditioning in plant rooms, riverbeds, culverts or roads for buried systems.
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5.0
Equipment list
The FFT Aura sensing controller is shipped with the following standard components:
Table 5-1 Standard system components
Item 1 2 3 4 Description FFT Aura Operations Manual FFT Aura Installation Manual FFT Aura utility software on DVD Industrial grade rack-mounted sensing controller: i7 Quad Core @ 3.0 GHz CPU 12 GB RAM 500 GB HDD System drive 1 TBHDD Data drive Optoelectronic card/s including the laser module Data acquisition cards Linux Fedora 16 operating system HWI web-served configuration utility Keyboard (unless KVM supplied) Mouse (unless KVM supplied) Accessory box with software drivers and keys E2000 fibre patch lead Power cord Qty 1 1 1 1
5 6 7 8 9
1 1 1 2 1
The FFT sensing controller will normally not require any assembly. It is strongly advised that only FFT qualified and approved personnel should perform any assembly. If the sensing controller is opened, disassembled, assembled or in any other way tampered with, FFT shall take no responsibility for any defects in or damage to the products however caused. This includes defects in or damage to the products caused by abuse, misuse, accident, casualty, alteration, negligent use on current or voltages other than those specified by FFT, application or installation not in accordance with published instruction manuals, or repair or alterations not authorised by FFT.
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6.0
FFT Aura general specifications

Table 6-1 FFT Aura general specifications
Fibre Optic Sensor
UV-stabilised standard singlemode fibre optic sensor cable Standard singlemode optical fibre (ITU-T G.652) Expected life > 15 years Distributed sensor with a sensor length of up to 16 km (10 miles) per controller. Actual distance is limited by optical power budget of 6 dB and a cable length of 16 km (10 miles), and also depends on the quality of the fibre optic cable and the number and quality of the splices and general installation. The optical path length comprises the lead-in and the sensing cable. Multiple systems can be cascaded together to protect longer fence lines. Sensing controller: +5C to +40C (+40F to +104F) and 80% relative humidity for temperatures up to 31C, non-conditioning FFT Aura sensor cables: 30C to +70C (22F to +158F) 177 mm H 482 mm W 500 mm D 7" H 19" W 20" D Weight 24 kg / 53 lbs 19" rack mounted, 4U high Note: Rack must be at least 710 mm / 28" deep to house the sensing controller Input voltage 110240 V AC, 5060 Hz, auto ranging Power consumption 300 W (typical), 450 W (max.) Power supply cULus listed, FCC and CE compliant Note: All field-installed components are passive and require no power, communications or electronics along the network. Optical output Class 1M laser @ 1550 nm Optical pulse lengths (m) 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 50 Spatial sampling rate (m) 0.67 Minimum detection frequency 1 Hz Note: All field-installed components are passive and require no power, communications, or electronics along the network. Front panel user interface, 2-line display, 4 soft buttons Web based configuration utility Alarms via TCP/IP when used with FFT CAMS (Central Alarm Monitoring System) 1 eSata port, 4 USB ports for data logging 1 E2000/APC optical port for optical sensor 1 FC/APC optical port for diagnostics 1 TCP/IP Ethernet port 1 VGA port 2 BNC ports for diagnostics
Sensing Configuration
Operating Temperature Range Dimensions/Weight
Electrical Specifications
Optical Specifications
System Interfaces
Input/Output ports
FFT Aura general specifications
13
Alarm Monitoring
Real-time distributed monitoring of frequency and time. GUI screen output, with system status and alarm indicators FFT CAMS for single or multiple systems. Provides an intuitive map-based operator GUI, and interfaces to CCTV systems, email systems, external SMS systems, lighting, gates, etc. via TCP/IP
The FFT Aura sensing controller and fibre terminating equipment are in rack-mount configuration and must be installed in a suitable cabinet in a temperature-controlled environment, typical of modern control rooms. The required operating temperature of the sensing controller is +5C to 40C (40F to 104F). Alternatively, the sensing controller can be housed in a temperature-controlled 19" cabinet.
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7.0
7.1
System design
Importance of planning
Detailed site and installation planning is essential for a smooth and successful installation and to avoid costly pitfalls. A proper site layout is required to determine where best to place the controller(s), fibre optic sensing cables, lead-in cable, fibre enclosures, and the end sensor. Various site configurations are possible and will vary with regards to the type of system employed, the site terrain, as well as the number of zones required. Optical power budgets also need to be addressed on long sites, and OTDR fibre testing at the completion of each stage of the installation must be carried out.
7.2
Distance that can be protected with a single FFT Aura system
Each FFT Aura sensing controller is typically capable of operating with a total optical path length of up to 16 kilometres (or 10 miles). Actual distance is limited by optical power budget of 6 dB and a maximum cable length of 16 km (10 miles), and also depends depending on the quality of the fibre optic cable and the number and quality of the splices and general installation. The optical path length comprises the lead-in and the sensing fibre lengths. As shown in Figure 7-1, this total optical path length is the distance that the light must travel from the controller, out over the lead-in then the sensing section.
Figure 7-1 FFT Aura sensor path logic
System design
15
7.2.1
Minimum length
The FFT Aura system is designed for use in medium to long applications. The optical path length must be 1 km (3000 ft) or greater for the system to work effectively. The system can be used on shorter distances and will alarm correctly, however, the optical path must still be 1 km (3000 ft) or greater. This can be achieved by having a long lead-in cable that is run up and down within the sensor cable using the spare unused optical fibres.
7.2.2
Sensor cable type
The mechanical construction of the singlemode sensing cable attached to the network is critical to the performance of the system. Not only does this cable have the correct optical characteristics, but it also has to have optimal physical and mechanical characteristics to deliver maximum detection sensitivity. You cannot use cable that it too rigid (such as aerial fibre optic cable) or armoured cable as these result in significant loss of sensitivity when used as a sensor. The construction of the cable required is also very dependent on the application, and FFT is able to provide guidance and recommendations for your specific installation.
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7.3
Covering longer distances
Multiple FFT Aura controllers can be networked together to protect extremely long or complex perimeters. The outputs from each of these sensing controllers can feed back into one centralised alarm monitoring system such as FFT CAMS. A typical long-distance multisystem configuration using FFT sensor cable would look similar to that shown in Figure 7-2.
Figure 7-2 Covering longer distances
7.3.1
Optical power budget
Light travelling through an optical fibre experiences loss or attenuation over a given distance. This attenuation is measured in decibels per kilometre (dB/km) and needs to be considered when installing an FFT Aura system. The FFT Aura system begins with an optical power budget of 6 dB and is limited to16 km maximum length. The losses for every connector, splice or kilometre of cable in the installation contribute to this value. Remember that the connector on the back of the sensing controller must also be included in the loss calculation.
System design
17
Figure 7-3 Power loss graph Optical loss
The FFT Aura system employs singlemode fibre at a wavelength of 1550 nm, giving a total cable loss of approximately 0.25 dB per kilometre. Fusion splices should have a loss of 0.05 dB per splice or less. Any large point losses or reflections must be repaired as they impact upon the commissioning process. SC/APC connectors have a loss of 0.2 to 0.4 dB per connector. To estimate the total power losses in the system, use the following values as shown in Table 7-1 on page 19.
Any splicing required to the gate isolator units (GIU) is already included in the supplied values.
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Power loss calculations Table 7-1 Power losses

Attenuation per km for singlemode fibre Fusion splices maximum loss SC/APC connectors Gate isolator pair < 0.25 dB/km 0.05 dB each 0.3 dB each 0.2 dB each
Example 1 An 8-kilometre long system with eight fusion splices and two connectors has the following total loss: Cable Attenuation (CA) Splice Losses (SL) Connector Losses (CL) Total Power Loss 8 0.25 = 2.0 dB 8 0.05 = 0.4 dB 2 0.3 = 0.6 dB 3.0 dB
The maximum loss allowed including any safety margin is 6 dB total, so this calculated figure is well within specification. However, once the cable is installed, take OTDR readings to confirm that the system losses are minimal and to ensure that the maximum distance can be covered with a single controller. All calculations must take into account a total cable attenuation of less than 0.25 dB/km. This value is measured across straight sections of fibre, such as the lead-in or the sensor sections, and will include any interim splice joints. Note that all major point losses or reflections must be investigated and removed before commissioning can commence.
7.4
Fence preparation
The FFT Aura system has been primarily designed to work on chain link fences. These fences have an inherent flex and movement in their construction that provides optimal sensitivity, performance and intrusion detection for the sensing controller. All of the following installation information relates to installing FFT Aura onto chain link fences. FFT Aura can be installed onto other types of fence constructions, but physical cable attachment and installation would be highly dependent on the physical characteristics such as fence flexibility, rigidity, and so on, in order to deliver a comparable detection performance to chain link. If the sensing cable is to be installed onto a more rigid type of fence structure, such as weld-mesh, expanded metal, steel palisade or similar, the cable may have to be installed in
System design
19
conduit or in a serpentine pattern to enhance the sensitivity to movement. Contact FFT for further information and specific installation and configuration recommendations. In order to maintain optimal performance for fence sensors, it is imperative that the fence and the fence fabric be in good condition. The chain link fence should be well constructed with tight tensioning maintained throughout the fence line. Loose fence posts and fence fabric must be repaired and tightened to meet national codes. Applicable codes include US Federal Specifications RR-F-191 and RR-F-183, ASTM F 567, AS 1725-2003, or according to the fence fabric manufacturers specifications. If a sensor cable is installed on a fence in poor condition, nuisance alarms will occur and FFT will not certify the installation or the performance of the system. Vegetation growing through the chain link fence may prove to be a source of nuisance alarms during windy conditions. Make sure any vegetation is cleared and maintained so that none comes to within 200 mm (8") of the FFT Aura sensor cable. Any shrubs, trees and branches that could contact the fence during windy weather should be removed. Debris that has come into contact with the fence must also be removed. Best practice is to ensure there is a vegetation-free exclusion zone outside the fence line. Signs must be solidly connected to the fence and must not be able to flap or bang against the fence in windy conditions. Preferably, signs should not be mounted directly on the fence, but instead placed on freestanding poles adjacent to the fence. Never run cable over a sign.
Figure 7-4 Cable should never go over a sign
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8.0
Cable installation
In a typical installation, to establish a protected fence line, a single continuous FFT Aura optical fibre sensing cable is attached directly to a perimeter fence using cable ties. For example, in the typical FFT Aura configuration shown in Figure 8-1, a chain link fence has the sensing cable attached horizontally halfway up the fence. An inactive (non-sensitive) lead-in cable is installed in conduit underground between the sensing controller and the sensing cable on the fence.
Figure 8-1 Typical FFT Aura configuration
8.1
Lead-in cable
One fibre optic core is required to run to the sensitive area and is known as the lead-in. Only singlemode loose-tube fibre optic cable is used for the lead-in cable between the sensing controller and the perimeter fence line (see Figure 8-2). The lead-in should be installed underground in conduit and should not be installed overhead. If the lead-in cable is to be installed in conduit, the conduit itself should be designed to include only large radius (greater than 50 mm or 2" inner radius) angled joiners. This reduces the pulling force required and prevents stress points on the cable that may cause performance issues later. FFT recommends a minimum of 32 mm (1") conduit be used. The the conduit
Cable installation 21
must also be suitable for the required location. Conduit buried in the ground should be well sealed using a suitable sealant such as PVC pipe cement to prevent water ingress. Never have coils of excess cable in the lead-in section that is exposed to stress, vibration, shock or frequent temperature fluctuations (that is, in contact with heating ducts). Note also that the lead-in section of the cable is generally set to be insensitive to intrusions but will still provide a fibre break alarm with a location.
Figure 8-2 Pit showing lead-in cable in PVC conduit
8.2
Conduit from ground onto fence
It is important to protect the sensing cable from potential damage, so installation in steel or metal conduits from the pit to the middle of the fence is required (see Figure 8-3). In areas where grass and weeds may be at the fence line, maintenance equipment, such as lawn mowers and Weed Eaters, can quickly slice through or damage an unprotected cable.
Figure 8-3a Steel conduit where cable comes out of the ground
22 FFT Aura Fence Installation Manual
Figure 8-3b Steel conduit where cable comes out of the ground
Ensure that the top of the steel conduit is plugged to prevent the ingress of water into the pit.
Cable installation
23
8.3
Fence-mounted sensor cable
There are many variables in the installation of the FFT Aura cable, and these may have an impact on the systems sensitivity to third-party interference, or TPI. As such, each installation needs to be carefully assessed based on the individual installation conditions and the clients prime aims and detection requirements. Some of these variables include the following: 1 Positioning of the sensing cable in relation to the fence and the desired area to be protected The type of fence will determine where and how the cable will be attached. For chain link fences, the sensing cable should be installed approximately halfway up the fence firmly (but not tightly) attached to the fence fabric with the supplied UV-stabilised nylon cable ties every 300 mm (12"). For ease of installation, the cable may be attached to the side of the fence without the vertical posts (if applicable and depending on the site requirements). Ideally, the cable should always be installed on the secure side of the fence.
Figure 8-4 Cable secured to the middle of the fence
If the sensing cable is attached too high, it will not provide adequate coverage to detect intruders carefully squeezing under the fence. If the sensing cable is attached too low, it
may not provide adequate coverage to detect climbers. The sensor cable must not be attached to any straining wires, only to the fence fabric. Other fence types are covered in the preceding sections. 2. Corner posts and braced vertical posts Most corner posts and some braced vertical posts are very rigid and provide excellent climbing points for intruders. To detect this climbing, where there is little fence movement, the cable must be routed and attached as shown in the corner cabling (Figure 8-5). By increasing the amount of cable installed in these rigid areas, the sensitivity of these points is increased, aiding intrusion detection.
Figure 8-5 Corner cabling
Cable installation
25
3. Cabling gates Gates through the perimeter fence need to be identified and importantly determined whether they are frequently used or not as these gates may require the use of a separate FFT system such as FFT Secure Point. It may be a customer requirement for the gate to be isolated during business hours so that their operations do not generate an alarm. A separate system can be used or gate isolator units (GIU) can be used to protect infrequently used gates. Zone isolations are possible from within FFT CAMS. There are a number of major types of gates and the type is determined by the way that they open, for example, swing, slide or lift. The gate type will determine how it is to be cabled. If the gate is a swing type, identify if it is a single- or double-type gate. If a sliding-type gate is to be protected, the FFT Secure Point product should be used to protect it. FFT recommend the use of the eChain system for this purpose.
8.4
1 2
Installing the sensor chain link

Check that the supplied cable is the correct one specified for the sensor attached to the fence and the lead-in cable. Carefully examine each spool of cable for damage check that the cable visible on the drum has not suffered any damage during transport; look carefully for signs of cuts, abrasion or bruising. If in doubt cut that section off. Check also that the correct numbers of fibres are present in the cable against what was ordered. A drum test of each spool of cable should now be performed. OTDR readings should be taken for each fibre in the spool to confirm that the cable deeper within the spool is not damaged. These readings shall be taken at 1550 nm for all cables. Refer to the testing section for more information. Use cable spool supports to raise the spool to an appropriate height and always unroll the cable off the cable drum NEVER pull the cable off from one end of the cable drum as the twists induced in the cable will create many problems with the system due to stresses set up in the cable. Never overpull the cable from the spool, only pull short distances at a time. If too much length is pulled, the cable may be stretched. The maximum pulling tension that can be applied to the cable is 1.0 kN (225 lb) of force. Lift the sensor cable onto the fence fabric and attach with the supplied UV stabilised cable ties. The sensor cable should be attached to the fence fabric, not the horizontal strainer or tension wires.
26
Allow at least 5 metres (16 ft) of extra cable at each end of the run to allow for splicing in the pits before cutting the cable. Never have coils of excess cable in the sensor section as it may expose to the system to noise, vibration, shock or frequent temperature fluctuations. If for some reason coils of cable remain, ensure that they are buried a minimum of 1 metre (3 ft) deep in the ground. Backfill the hole at least half-way with sand, then cover with soil. Coils should not exceed 10 metres (30 ft) in length. When using conduit to house the sensor cable to run it under gate openings or roads, the conduit should be 50 mm or 2" in diameter as a minimum. The conduit must be buried at least 1 metre (3 ft) deep below the road or gate. Also ensure that the conduit being used is suitable for the required location. Conduit buried in the ground should be well sealed using a suitable sealant such as PVC pipe cement to prevent water ingress. The installed sensor cable should have OTDR testing carried out at this point to determine if there are any problem areas, breaks, high loss points, and so on. This MUST be carried out before the cable is spliced once the cable is spliced, it can be difficult to detect installation problems.
The installation shown in Figure 8-6 is protected by a single run of FFT fibre optic sensing cable on the outside of the fence with a single sensing controller. This provides a high level of protection against moderate risks, and provides a very cost-effective and simple installation that is easy to maintain and monitor.
Figure 8-6 Sensor cable installation
Cable installation
27
8.4.1
Attaching the sensor cable
The sensor cable is attached to the chain link fence using the FFT-supplied UV-protected cable ties. Depending on the quantity ordered, FFT will supply Panduit PLT2S-M120 ties in bags of 1000, or Thomas & Betts TYC525MX in bags of 100 ties. Both types are made from nylon 12 and are 180 mm long (7.4") and 5 mm 3 16 " wide. These cable ties have an operating range of 60to 90C. When tightening the cable tie, the cable should be held snugly to prevent sideways movement, but not tightly. Avoid sharp bends or pressure points on the cable as they will cause losses and become potential fracture points in the future. Note in UV-protected cable tie (Figure 8-7) that the fibre sits in the grooves or indents formed in the weaving of the mesh fabric 300 mm (or 1 ft) in about every five of these indents, depending on the diamond size.
Figure 8-7 UV-protected cable tie
It is important that to minimise nuisance alarms, the fence posts are securely mounted in the ground and the fence and fence fabric is in good taut condition.
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8.4.2
Cabling past poles
Where the cable is installed on the secure side of the chain link fence, loop the cable around the vertical support poles and allow enough slack so that if an intruder pulls on the fence fabric, the fibre optic sensing cable is not stretched and/or damaged. Allow the cable to flow past each fence pole. Cable tie approximately two diamonds away from the pole, as shown in Figure 8-8.
Figure 8-8 Cable passing the pole
Note that two cable ties hold the cable loosely as it passes the pole.
Figure 8-9 Attachment of cable to vertical post

8.4.3
Corners and bracing points
At each fence corner or bracing point, loop the fibre up the pole to provide additional detection at this point. Cable loops increase the level of sensitivity in areas where the fence fabric and structure are more rigid. These loops should finish at the top of the fence fabric. The radius of the bends should not exceed 170 mm (6.7"). Use cable ties to attach the loop so that it is not allowed to move or sag. Note that cable loops are not required at every pole, only at corners and brace points.
Figure 8-10 Cable loops at a corner
30
Figure 8-11 Cables looping on rigid fence bracing points
8.4.4
Alternative cabling patterns
While the cable patterns shown in the previous figures are standard configuration for FFT Aura systems, alternative cabling patterns, such as looping up and down every pole or looping onto the barbed wire, can also be implemented where a higher level of security is required or lower sensitivity fences are used. Contact FFT for more information or recommendations on these cable patterns.
Cable installation
31
8.5
Installing the sensor weldmesh or expanded metal fences
Weldmesh or expanded metal fences are of a completely different construction and mechanical characteristic from chain link fences. As they are generally rigid and offer little fabric movement, the sensitivity of a single cable run as typically used for chain link fences may not be adequate to detect and locate all intrusion attempts.
If installing onto a fence other than chain link, contact FFT for further detailed assistance for cable installation and sensing controller configuration. Very few weldmesh fence constructions are the same, so each installation must be tailored to the specific site to ensure optimal operation.
Figure 8-12 Loop up all poles
It should be noted that too much cable (see Figure 8-13) can be just as much of a problem as poorly installed cable.
Figure 8-13 Too much cable
32
The recommended method used to install the sensing cable on a fence is run the cable horizontally across the fence panels, then run the cable in a loop fashion up every support pole. The cable loops are shown in Figure 8-14.
Figure 8-14 Cable loops
Cable installation
33
8.6
Installing the sensor Steel palisade fences
The steel palisade fence is a strong, rigid and imposing barrier against would-be intruders. An FFT Aura sensor installed on this type of fence affords a greater level of perimeter security by adding intelligent intrusion-detection capabilities.
Figure 8-15 Steel palisade fence
For these types of fences, the sensor cable must be installed in conduit. Installing the sensor cable in conduit allows the maximum amount of mechanical noise generated by a climbing intruder to be translated into the sensor cable while providing the system with an added level of mechanical defence. Any tampering with the conduit will be detected and located before the sensor cable can be harmed. The conduit may be steel or plastic but must have an outer diameter of 25 mm (1"). Steel conduit provides more mechanical protection, though it is more expensive. If plastic conduit is used, ensure that it is UV stabilised.
Fixing the sensor cable directly to the horizontal rail is not recommended.
Figure 8-16 Steel and plastic conduit 25 mm (1")

The conduit should be affixed to the uppermost horizontal rail with a bracket similar to that shown in Figure 8-17. This example bracket is not supplied by FFT and will need to be custom fabricated as each application may be unique.
Figure 8-17 Mounting bracket
If using steel conduit, three evenly spaced angle brackets will be required per fence panel; if using plastic conduit, four evenly spaced angle brackets will be required per fence panel (see Figure 8-18).
Figure 8-18 Spacing the brackets
Where there are corners in the fence, corrugated flexible conduit or preformed conduit bends are required to protect and guide the sensor cable. At the locations where the cable is fed onto the fence from a buried pit or enclosure, ensure that it is run in steel conduit. This will protect the sensor cable from harm that can be caused by lawn mowing or other grass trimming devices.
Figure 8-19 shows the sensor cable leaving the fence and entering a buried pit. Figure 8-20 shows a cable installation as it passes a corner.
Figure 8-19 Cable is protected as it leaves the fence
Angle bracket conduit mountings
Figure 8-20 Field example
During the installation of the FFT Secure Fence system on a steel palisade fence, be aware of the following issues: Any loose movement within the fence will create metal-to-metal contact which may generate nuisance alarms. Ensure that the fence has been installed at the correct standard and is sufficiently rigid with no excessive movement. No part of the lead-in or sensor cable should be under any form of tension. This is of paramount importance as it will affect the stability of the sensing in a changing environment. Make sure all bends and loops are relaxed, following a natural curve in the cable, and that they do not introduce any tension in any part of the cable.
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8.7
Installing the sensor Ameristar Impasse fence
To detect the climbing and cutting intrusion attempts upon the Ameristar Impasse Fence, it is necessary to install the FFT Aura Sensor cable (i.e. FFT-custom 12-fibre SM Tight Buffer cable P012-2) within a 1 inch plastic conduit. This conduit is the same diameter as the steel arrestor rope used in the anti-ram Ameristar Impasse application (see Figure 8-21). The conduit should be mounted within the top horizontal Impasse rail clipped into place with the Ameristar cable clips, C-clips (see Figures 8-22 and 8-23) or the plastic trough strips. The conduit will easily pass through the vertical posts. If the installation utilises vertical concretefilled bollards, these will need to be ported before the concrete is poured to facilitate ease of the installation. A retrofit solution may call for flexible conduit to be used to pass these obstacles. Cable ties can be used periodically, through the drainage holes in the rail, to retain the conduit within the Impasse rail if required (see Figure 8-24).
Figure 8-21 Ameristar Impasse Anti-Ram
Cable installation
37
Figure 8-22 One-inch conduit in top IMPASSE rail
Figure 8-23 Ameristar Cclips
Figure 8-24 Conduit in IMPASSE rail
38
8.8
Cabling of swing gates and drains
Swing gates are protected by running the sensing cable around the gates outer edge. FFT recommends running the cable 200 mm/8 in. from the edge of the gate. It is important to use flexible steel conduit, such as Sealtite, where the cable passes the gate hinge. This will provide a level of mechanical protection when the gate opens and closes. If a sliding gate is to be protected, it is advised that an FFT Secure Point controller be used. For more information, see the eChain sliding gate installation manual. Where FFT Aura is to be used to protect a drain, ensure that the cable cannot be easily damaged during storm conditions by floating debris. It may be necessary to mount the sensor cable in steel conduit for this application. The sensing cable should be installed in a pattern that will best cover the gate or drain. An example of a protected gate is shown in Figure 8-25.
Figure 8-25 Cable installation on double gates
As shown in Figure 8-25, the sensor cable emerges from a pit located by the gatepost (on the inside of the fence), through a flexible conduit onto the gate itself. The sensor cable is attached to the gate, and then feeds back down into the same pit. If used, the pit may contain gate isolator units. For dual swinging gates, the cable may be directly buried or in conduit between the two sides of the gate. The other side of the gate is cabled in a similar fashion.
Cable installation
39
Figure 8-26 Gate cable pattern
8.8.1
Pedestrian gates
Typically, pedestrian gates are installed within a fence and in most cases, will not require a gate isolator or hardware zone. Best practice is to continue the fence cable onto the gate. The cable will be run around the outside of the gate and will require protective conduit where it leaves the fence. It should be possible to protect a pedestrian gate without cutting the sensing cable. A diagram of the cable installation on a single gate is shown in Figure 8-27.
Figure 8-27 Pedestrian gate

8.8.2
Gate isolator units (GIU)
Frequently used gates can be defined within FFT Aura as separate zones within the fence sensor, allowing the gate to be isolated and not to generate alarms. Gates fitted with GIUs can be isolated within FFT CAMS during certain hours so that legitimate movements and activities do not generate alarms. Gate isolator units, as shown in Figure 8-28, allow a physical zone to be clearly defined within a perimeter using the location capability offered by the FFT Aura system. As the length of the gate zone is quite short compared to the length on the perimeter, and due to the location accuracy of the system, this small zone must be delineated for isolation purposes. To achieve this, a gate isolation unit is installed and fusion spliced on each side of the gate (see Figure 8-29).
Figure 8-28 Gate isolation unit
Figure 8-29 Gate isolator layout
The gate isolator consists of two identical spools of fibre, 20 metres contained in each, which are installed on either side of the protected gate. The spools are supplied in splice enclosures that should be buried in pits on either side of the gate. One side of the isolator is spliced to the fence cable and the other side is spliced to the gate mounted cable.
Cable installation
41
8.9
8.9.1
Rack installation
Temperature-controlled rack
The Sensing Controller is sensitive to temperature variations, and for this reason, the Sensing Controller must be kept within the temperature range of +5C to 40C (40F to 104F in a temperature-controlled cabinet. FFT supplies and recommends Rittal cabinets and cooling units as they are readily available anywhere in the world, with global after-sales service. These Rittal racks can handle up to three FFT controllers and could be laid out as shown in Figure 8-30. Note that each controller will require its own shelf. If more than three FFT controllers are to be installed in a cabinet or if the surrounding temperature is excessive, an up-rated air-conditioning unit can be supplied.
Figure 8-30 Suggested Rittal cabinet layout
42
Installing the rack

1 2 3
Unpack the rack and cooling unit. Inspect both for damage. The FFT-supplied Rittal rack is assembled from the factory with the cooling unit supplied separately. Mount the rack to the floor using appropriate fixings such as 10 mm dynabolts. If the rack is to be mounted on a false computer floor, the bottom cable plinth can be removed. Attach the cooling unit to the rack as per the assembly instructions that were shipped with the unit. FFT provides one side panel that has holes and cut-outs ready for the airconditioning unit. Ensure the foam creates an adequate seal, so that there is no excess condensation generated.
The rack is configured from the factory for the cooling unit to sit on the righthand side. This can be reconfigured to the left-hand side by swapping the side panels. The supplied T30 Torx driver is necessary for this.
Position the rack in its final location and ensure it is both stable and level. Ensure that the unit has good ventilation around it (at least 200 mm) and that the environment should be free from excessive dirt. In dirty applications, a filter may be needed for the cooling unit. This is available from FFT. The cooling unit is supplied with a pre-terminated mains connector from the factory for the country of destination. Prior to connecting, confirm that it is set for the correct voltage. Fit a length of hose to the drain pipe on the cooling unit to ensure safe removal of excess condensation. Refer to the manual for more details. The rack is now ready to be fitted out as per Figure 8-30. When complete turn on the cooling unit. This is preset at the factory to 25C.
Maintenance
The cooling unit is virtually maintenance-free. Periodically, the components of the external air circuit should be cleaned with compressed air. If installed, the filter mat should also be periodically inspected and cleaned.
Cable installation
43
9.0
9.1
Cable preparation and termination

Pits
FFT Aura systems require all splice joints and end sensors to be buried. FFT supplies plastic pits that are to be buried before the cable runs commence and before the cable splicing occurs. The minimum pit dimensions are shown in Figure 9-1. This pit size is known as P5. Cable entry to the pit will be through the side walls either via conduit or directly from the soil. The supplied pit lids are solid concrete slabs that are not lockable. If non-FFT pits are used, ensure that they are P5 size at a minimum.
Figure 9-1 FFT-supplied plastic pit
44
9.2
Cable terminations enclosures
Whenever fibre optic cables need to be joined together or where the end sensor is installed, fibre optic enclosures are required. When correctly installed, these enclosures protect the exposed fibre from moisture and contaminants. These enclosures are housed in buried telecommunication pits.
Figure 9-2 Fibre enclosure mounted to wall of buried pit
Refer to Appendix C Splice joint closure instructions of this manual for detailed instructions regarding the preparation of a cable and enclosure for termination.
45
9.3
Splicing
Fusion splicing is a process that connects two glass optical fibres together to create one continuous fibre optic path. This process is required where cables need to be joined or to install the end sensor or gate isolator units. These joints are created with a machine known as a fusion splicer. These joints give the lowest attenuation, so signal loss is reduced and the maximum sensor length can be achieved. A good fusion splicer typically costs about US$25,000 and must be used by a qualified and experienced fibre technician. The fusion splicer used shall be a singlemode splicer with multiple axis alignment no other type is acceptable. The fusion splicer must also be able to splice fibre cores with an outer coating diameter of 250 m and 900 m. FFT recommends the Fujikara FSM-60S, as shown in Figure 9-3. Mechanical splicing or direct connectorisation is unacceptable for use in FFT Aura systems.
Figure 9-3 Fujikura FSM-60S Fusion Splicer
The typical fusion splice loss for singlemode cable should be 0.02 dB or better, with an acceptable maximum of 0.05 dB.
46
9.4
End sensor
The end sensor is a passive optical device that defines the end of the sensitive section of the cable. It requires no power. The end sensor must be housed in FFT-supplied buried enclosures. Ensure that the sensor is attached to the splice tray with the supplied screws and that the fibres point down towards the bottom of the enclosure. It is crucial that no fibres protrude past the top of the splice tray as they will become crushed when the enclosure is replaced. Crushing will greatly increase the optical loss of the system, potentially affecting its operation. The end sensor is sensitive to noise and should be buried in the ground in a quiet location. It is not acceptable to house it in a rack with the controller or in any noisy environment.
9.4.1
End sensor preparation and installation
When preparing to splice the end sensor into a sensing system, the following procedure should be used.
1
Mount the sensor as shown onto the back of the splice tray (see Figure 9-4).
Figure 9-4 End sensor mounted on a splice tray

Cable preparation and termination 47
2 3 4 5
Measure the yellow jackets of the sensor cables to the appropriate positions indicated in the figures. Mark, then remove the outer yellow jacket and Kevlar leaving the fibre only. Form the fibre into the splice tray to create two loops, then remove the excess fibre. Splice the sensor to the incoming cable as per Figure 9-4.
All fibres must directly enter the bottom of the splice tray. No fibres are to be run in the top of the enclosure.
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9.5
Splicing gate isolator units
Gate isolator units (GIU) are used to clearly define a physical zone within a perimeter protected by an FFT Aura controller. They do this by adding a defined length of fibre (120 m) to each side of an obstacle. Any disturbances that occur between the GIUs are then easily associated to the assigned obstacle. GIUs are supplied as a pair and are installed on either side of the physical zone that is to be defined. An example of a physical zone that may require a GUI is a gate that needs to be clearly and exactly identified within a protected perimeter. Using GIUs also allows a gate to be isolated in FFT CAMS so that it will not generate alarms when access is legitimately granted.
It is not recommended or necessary to use these devices to pass under roadways, railways or other traffic obstacles or at all gates.
Each unit contains two identical loops of fibre, each 20 metres in length that are spliced into the sensor section. Note that FFT Aura only uses one loop is per side of the obstacle.
Figure 9-5 GIU Logic
The coils of fibre are supplied in a splice enclosure, (see Figure 9-6), which should be housed in a buried pit to the side of the gate. The second GUI will be installed at the other side of the gate. One side of each loop is spliced to the fence cable and the other side is spliced to the gate mounted cable.
49
Figure 9-6 FFT Gate Isolation Unit
Due to the size of the GIU, FFT require the use of the following pit: A090-1 Extra-large underground pit and lid All connections into or out of the GIUs are to be fusion spliced. The splice logic can be seen in Figure 9-8 and Figure 9-9.
9.5.1
Enclosure dimensions
Each GIU is supplied in a Tyco FOSC-A type enclosure that is 420 mm in length and 205 mm wide (inclusive of the mounting bracket). An extra 400 mm of length should be provided for the optical fibre cables to enter the enclosure. If it is necessary to install two or more GIUs in the same pit, please ensure that a sufficiently sized pit has been ordered and installed.
9.5.2
GIU Logic installation example
The GIU example in Figure 9-7 shows a 20-metre section of perimeter that includes a 5-metre wide gate using a dual coil GIU. One coil is installed into the cable path before the gate and the other coil is installed after the gate. These coils are shown in red. (Note that individual sensor arms are not visible in this diagram.) We have physically used 20 metres of cable to protect this gate; however, due to each GIU coil containing 20 extra metres of fibre, the gate is actually protected by 60 metres of optical fibre. The extra fibre allows the gate width, in terms of optical fibre length, to be larger than it actually is.
50
Figure 9-7 GIU example
When there is a fence disturbance, FFT Aura will determine the position of this disturbance in metres. In this example, if the reported location were between 5 metres and 75 metres, the disturbance must have been at the gate. Within FFT CAMS, the alarm will be shown to have been generated at the defined gate and not at any adjoining zones! If we would like to open and close this gate without any alarms being generated, such as during business hours, we can isolate this gate within FFT CAMS in the following way: 1 Isolate the gate/zone within FFT CAMS. 2 Open the gate. 3 Allow vehicles through. 4 Close the gate. 5 Reactivate the gate within FFT CAMS. For further information regarding the Locating Controller and FFT CAMS, please refer to the appropriate system manuals.
51
9.5.3
Number of cable entries per GIU
Depending on the type of gate, there may be up to four cables that need to enter the GIU enclosure: Cable coming from the fence or Cable coming from the first GIU (double gate applications only) Cable leaving towards the gate Cable coming from the gate (Single gate applications only) Cable returning to the fence. GIUs are supplied with enough heat shrinks to install up to four cables.
9.5.4
Dual gate installation logic
If there is a double gate, GIU pairs will be required, one unit at either side of the gate opening. Figure 9-8 shows the splice logic for this type of installation and all fibre cores required. The cable path for a double gate is as follows: Fence mounted cable will run from the fence down into the first buried pit. Ensure that steel conduit is used to protect the cable any time it leaves the fence or a buried pit. Splice this cable into the first GIU coil. The sensor cable will then run from the GIU up onto the first gate in the pattern recommended by FFT. With the first gate cabled, the sensor cable will run back into the first buried pit then under the roadway to the second buried pit at the other side of the road. The cable will leave this pit, protected in steel conduit, and mount to the fence. From here the cable will run around the second section of gate in the pattern recommended by FFT. With the second gate cabled, run the sensor cable back into the second buried pit. The cable from the gate will be spliced into the second single coil GIU at this position The cable exiting the GIU will then run from the second buried pit back onto the fence to continue around the perimeter.
52
Figure 9-8 GIUs applied to a double swing gate
9.5.5
Single gate installation logic
If there is a single-sided gate, one dual coil GIU will be required. Figure 9-9 shows the splice logic for this type of installation and all fibre cores required. The cable path for a single gate is as follows: Fence mounted cable will run from the fence down into the buried pit. Ensure that steel conduit is used to protect the cable any time it leaves the fence or a buried pit. Splice this cable into the first coil of the dual coil GIU. The sensor cable will then run from the GIU up onto the gate in the pattern recommended by FFT. With the gate cabled, the sensor cable will run back into the buried. The cable from the gate will be spliced into the second coil of the Dual Coil GIU at this position. The cable exiting the GIU will then run from the buried pit back onto the fence to continue around the perimeter.
In Figure 9-8 and Figure 9-9, the GIU fibre loops are shown as aqua and yellow for extra clarity. Loop one, shown as aqua, is actually blue. Loop 2, shown as yellow, is actually orange.
53
Figure 9-9 GIU applied to a single gate
9.5.6
Physical layout of the Gate Isolator Unit

incoming connection point
outgoing connection point
Figure 9-10 GIU splice tray with loops
54
splicing tray
fibre coil section
Figure 9-11 GIU trays
55
9.6
Connectors
Use only the FFT-supplied patch lead to connect the controller to the patch panel. One end of this cable uses E2000 connectors while the other end uses SC/APC connectors. It is critical that only FFT-supplied 8 angled connectors are used in the patch panel as using flat or poor quality connectors or connectors angled at other than 8 will create parasitic noise or major reflections leading to the system not working correctly. All field connections and splicing of these must be performed by trained and certified technicians to ensure optimum transmission of signals .
FFT will not certify installations that do not use FFT-supplied or approved connectors throughout.
Figure 9-12 E2000 connector as found on the rear of the controllers
Figure 9-13 Typical 8-degree SC/APC connectors
56
9.7
Installing and terminating the fibre optic patch panel
The fibre optic patch panel supplied by FFT comes fully loaded with the correct 8 degree SC/ APC connectors fitted, and pigtail leads in a fibre splice tray ready for fusion splicing (see Figure 9-14).
Figure 9-14 12-port FFT fibre optic patch panel
9.7.1
1
Mounting the patch panel

Position the enclosure in the top of the rack ensuring that the incoming cable is of adequate length. Allow a minimum of 3.0 m (or 10 ft) of cable from point of entry into the enclosure. Additional cable slack stored elsewhere is recommended. It is best practice to mount the patch panel at the highest position within the rack. Place rack nuts and mount the fibre optic patch panel enclosure in rack at appropriate height.
FFT Loose Tube Gel Filled Sensor Cable (P/No. P011, P012, P013 & P016)
Refer to Figure 9-15 on page 58.

1 2 3 4
Slide the cable gland onto the cable and remove 2.5 m (or 8 ft) of sheath material(s). Cut away any interstitial fillers or Kevlar yarn. Leave 200 mm (8") of central tension member from fibre breakout point, if applicable. Remove cable gel using approved cable cleaner such as 3M Scotchcast.
57
5 6
Use rubber vulcanising tape (recommended) at the cable breakout point to prevent tube kinking. Optional: Remove and replace loose tubes with polyethylene splicing tubing (transit tube) in this enclosure.
Figure 9-15 Cable preparation
9.7.2
Cable entry
Cable entry is through the right-hand side of the chassis as viewed from the front as shown in Figure 9-16.
1
Feed the prepared cable through the desired position, through the gland and secure the locking nut. The cable sheath should pass through the gland by approximately 20 mm (3/4"). While positioning the cable in the gland, guide the central tension member (if applicable) or twisted Kevlar through the brass cable anchor. Trim excess. Tighten the tension member anchor screw to secure. Loop the loose tube 1 times around the chassis in the cable outer support clips as shown in Figure 9-17.
58
Figure 9-16 Loose tube cable entry details
Figure 9-17 Loose tube cable path
9.7.3
1 2
Fusion splicing of tight buffered and loose tube cables

Open both fibre retention arms on the organiser. A minimum of one loop of loose tubes or tight-buffered fibres is recommended from the breakout point to the entry point of the organiser.
59
The supplied 200 mm (8") organiser can accommodate up to 24 splices.
Mark the entry point into the organiser, cut and remove tubes. Clean the fibres with alcohol and lint free wipes. Using the supplied cable ties, load into organiser entry slot before fixing the tube(s). Three-millimetre cord pigtails can be loaded the same way. A maximum of 6 3 mm singlemode pigtails or 8 3 mm multimode pigtails can exit at any one exit point. Ensure cable tie pressure is just adequate to hold pigtails. Do not over tighten. Do not use cable ties directly on 0.9 mm tight-buffered fibre. Protective tubing or tape wrap-around is recommended at the organiser entry point.
Within the organiser, 2 loops of incoming fibre and 1 loops of pigtail fibre are required. Extra fibre length on the incoming cable side will allow for any future resplicing.
5 6
Splice the fibres together ensuring they enter at opposite corners of the organiser (see Figure 9-18). Do not use the central group of splice protector holders: use only the outer holders. This aids in maintaining fibre bending radii.
Ensure that the fusion splicer is able to splice fibres with an outer coating dimension of 250 m and 900 m.
The fibre arrangement within the organiser is shown in Figure 9-18.
Figure 9-18 Tube entry front right and pigtail exit front left and rear right
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10.0 Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) testing

10.1 Introduction
The Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) is an instrument that is used to characterise a length of optical fibre. It works by sending a series of light pulses down an optical fibre and measures the light that is scattered (Rayleigh backscattering) or reflected back from different points along the fibre. From these measurements, the fibres length, attenuation profile (dB/km) and loss-points, such as splice losses and connector losses, can be calculated. Fibre faults caused by breaks or tight bends can be measured or located.
10.2 Recommended OTDR tests

OTDR testing should be carried out several times during the FFT fibre optic cable installation process: Before unrolling any cable off the spool, OTDR readings should be taken for each fibre in the spool to confirm that the cable on the spool is not damaged. This is known as a drum test. Once the cable is installed, but before splicing, OTDR testing should be carried out to determine if there are any problem areas, breaks, high loss points, etc. Once the cable has been installed, it can be very difficult to fix cable installation problems. This test is recommended where the total sensor path may be greater than 10 km or where there may be many intermediate splice joints. Test when all of the fusion splicing, including the end sensor, has been completed.
Testing confirms that the FFT Aura cable does not exceed the acceptable power budget stipulated by FFT, and ensures that the system will meet FFTs performance and distance specifications. It also provides documentation that will be used to benchmark a sensor and to assist with the configuration of the FFT software.
10.2.1 Testing the installed fibre

The installation must be checked with an OTDR to ensure continuity and minimal losses at each splice, connector, and the end sensor. If the OTDR figures are not correct, the problems must be rectified before proceeding. Issues highlighted in the OTDR trace will provide an indicator that the system may operate poorly or not at all. As there are a large number of OTDRs on the market, the following steps are a generic guide to facilitate the measuring of the FFT sensor.
Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) testing
61
It is strongly recommended that a launch lead be used to enable a full evaluation of the sensor path. When setting up the OTDR, it is not recommended to have any auto-configuration options enabled, as some OTDRs may struggle with the configuration of the FFT sensor. Ensure that all testing is performed at 1550 nm with a fibre refractive index of 1.4682. Ensure your distance setting is set to a distance longer than the total expected length of the cable. This length is the sum of the launch lead, the lead-in and the sensor. If a distance option exists that is marginally longer than the sensor path length, use the longer setting. When setting the pulse width you may find it necessary to slightly increase the pulse width to allow for the excess losses from the end sensor. A short pulse width on a long fibre will result in a signal that attenuates before the end of the cable run, and reduces the quality of the trace. Using too long a pulse width on a very short sensor will mask small fibre errors and reduce the visual appearance for larger losses. Some examples of traces using incorrect OTDR settings are displayed later in this section.
Figure 10-1 Drum test before removing any cable
62
Figure 10-2 Sensor testing
10.2.2 Losses
The total loss of the fibre sensor will be the sum of a number of individual losses. There are known losses of the sensor cable. Each splice in the system adds another loss to the overall figure. An OTDR trace shows steps in the trace; these represent optical loss over distance. Some of the known values are as follows: Attenuation for singlemode fibre sensor is typically around 0.25 dB/km or better. Once the sensor has been installed, compare this figure to the attenuation figure that was determined by the drum test. There will be an increase in attenuation but it should not have increased markedly, for example, an increase of 0.02 dB/km is acceptable. As an example, if a cable on the drum returns a 0.25 dB/km figure and when installed returns 0.35 dB/km, this would be considered to be inappropriate. Any large point losses or reflections must be identified and rectified before the commissioning process commences. Losses for each of the fusion splices should be less than 0.05 dB at a maximum. If losses different from these are seen, they must be rectified before proceeding. A good optical technician with an appropriate machine will regularly create splices that have between 0.00 dB to 0.03 dB loss.
Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) testing
63
Figure 10-3 OTDR trace with too short distance length
In Figure 10-4, the entire sensor has been squashed up into the start of the trace. This does not provide sufficient resolution to allow for adequate analysis of the sensor data to occur. If possible, the distance range should be decreased.
Figure 10-4 OTDR trace with too long distance length
64
In Figure 10-5, the trace is very noisy and any features on the trace are unreadable. To rectify this, the pulse width and/or averaging time must be increased.
Figure 10-5 OTDR trace with too short pulse width or not enough averaging time
Figure 10-6 shows the pulse width set too high, causing the event dead zones to increase dramatically. This is best exhibited by the fact that the loss from the launch lead can barely been seen as the reflection at the start of the OTDR is so large. To rectify this, the pulse width of the OTDR must be decreased. A long pulse width can mask various fibre losses and make analysis unreliable.
Figure 10-6 OTDR trace with too long pulse width

Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) testing 65
10.3 Reflections
Incorrect splices or poorly terminated joins may create reflections. The FFT Aura system performance will be greatly hampered by reflections and they should be repaired or removed. A reflection will appear on the OTDR trace as a gain.
Figure 10-7 Reflections need to be removed and repaired
10.4 Determining the sensor length

Make sure you record the length of the lead-in and the sensor cable in this manual, ensuring that you subtract the length of any launch lead that is used. The correct measurement and recording of this length is critical to the accuracy of the system. These length figures are entered in the FFT Aura configuration menu of FOSS and into FFT CAMS. Place soft and hard copies of your OTDR traces in this manual for future reference. Soft copies can also be sent to FFT for verification and archiving.
Lead-in length: Sensor length: ________________ m ________________ m
66
11.0 Installing the UPS

An uninterruptable power supply (UPS) is provided as an integral part of the FFT Aura system so that in the event of an electrical disturbance, including voltage surges, dips, spikes, subcycle outages and complete blackouts, the sensing controller hardware is fully protected. Failure to install a UPS on the sensing controller can cause system lockups, hardware failure and data corruption. These events are not covered by the FFT warranty.
Figure 11-1 Uninterruptable power supply
To install the UPS:

1 2 3
Place the unit on a shelf within your rack. Plug the power lead from the sensing controller into the back of the UPS, and plug the UPS power lead into the supply socket. Connect the USB cable from the UPS to the controller.
In the event of a complete power blackout, the UPS provides sufficient time to run the system for some minutes (the actual run time depends on the hardware configuration). If the power has not come back after this backup time, the UPS will safely shut down the FFT Aura system in an orderly manner so as to prevent data loss or corruption.
Installing the UPS
67
12.0 FFT Aura sensing controller

The FFT Aura sensing controller is an industrial-grade appliance that houses optoelectronics and data acquisition cards. The controller is supplied as a complete unit and there are no user serviceable parts within the controller. Removal of the controllers lid, unless specifically requested by FFT, will void the warranty.
Figure 12-1 FFT Aura controller
12.1 Mounting and connecting cables
Under no circumstances should the laser be turned on while there is no fibre connected to the output port. Doing so may damage the laser resulting in damage to the optical transmission circuit.
FFT Aura systems must be installed in a temperature-controlled environment of +5C to +40C (40F to 104F). If a temperature-controlled environment is not available, the system must be installed in a temperature-controlled rack.
68
The FFT Aura is a Class 1M Laser product as defined in ANSI Z136.1 2000 and AS/NZS 2211.2:2006. Class 1 Lasers are low-power devices, which emit radiation levels lower than the Maximum Permissible Exposure. The maximum peak power level at the output ports of the FFT Aura system is below the maximum permissible exposure level. No part of the laser output ports or laser assembly should ever be tampered or interfered with during any maintenance. FFT always recommends that best practice is adhered to when dealing with optical fibre systems. Refer to Important product and safety information on page 6.
1 2 3
Install and secure the sensing controller in the equipment rack on a shelf. Do not secure the chassis by only the rack-mounting ears as they will bend. Connect the Ethernet connector to the rear of the controller. An Ethernet cable must be connected to allow the HWI utility to start. Importantly, ensure the USB cable between the upper and lower sections of the controller has been connected. If this cable is missing, the display on the laser module will be red. Connect keyboard, video and mouse connections.
Figure 12-2 Sensing controller rear connections
FFT Aura sensing controller
69
Turn the Laser Lockout key to the vertical position to disable the laser (see Figure 12-3).
Figure 12-3 Laser locked out

6
Finally, connect the two power cables.
12.2 Connecting the sensor cable

Before the patch cable is connected from the patch panel to the rear of the sensing controller, the connector must be carefully cleaned and inspected. Failure to do so will result in poor performance and/or sensitivity of the system, and poor Locator performance. See Appendix A "Inspection and cleaning procedures for fibre optic connections" for detailed cleaning information.
Connect the E2000 fibre patch lead to the Optical Fibre port on the rear of the
controller.
Figure 12-4 Sensor cable connections
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Appendix A Inspection and cleaning procedures for fibre optic connections

A.1 Introduction
It is important that every fibre connector in the installation be inspected and cleaned prior to mating. This document describes basic inspection techniques and cleaning procedures for fibre optic cables and adapters used by FFT in fibre optic connections of its intrusion detection systems.
This document is intended for use by service personnel, field service technicians and hardware installers.
A.2
Inspection and cleaning
Clean fibre optic components are a requirement for quality fibre optic connections on FFT equipment. Cleaning the fibre optic equipment is one of the most basic yet most important procedures for maintaining the system. A significant number of system performance problems FFT responds to in the field are due to dirty connectors. Any contamination in a fibre connection can cause failure of the system to perform to FFTs specifications or the customers expectations. Even microscopic dust particles can cause a variety of problems for any type of optical connection. A particle that partially or completely blocks the core generates strong attenuations or back reflections. Dust particles trapped between two fibre faces can scratch the glass surfaces. Even if a particle is only on the cladding or the edge of the end face, it can cause an air gap or misalignment between the fibre cores which will significantly degrade the optical signal and the system performance. A 9 micrometre speck is still too small to see without a microscope, but it could completely block the fibre core. These contaminants can be more difficult to remove than dust particles. By comparison, a typical human hair is 50 to 75 micrometres in diameter, as much as eight times larger. So, even though dust may not be visible, it is still present in the air and can deposit onto the connector. In addition to dust, other types of contamination must also be cleaned off the end face. Such materials include: oils (frequently from human hands, although you must never touch a fibre connector end face) film residues (condensed from vapours in the air) powdery coatings (left after water or other solvents evaporate away).
71
These contaminants can be more difficult to remove than dust particles and can degrade system performance if not removed. When cleaning fibre components, always follow the procedures carefully. The goal is to eliminate any dust or contamination and to provide a clean environment for the fibre optic connection. Remember that inspection, cleaning and re-inspection are critical steps which must be done before making any fibre optic connection. These fibre optic connections can never be too clean!
A.3
Reminders and warnings
Review these reminders and warnings before inspecting and cleaning your fibre optic connections.
A.3.1 Laser safety

The FFT Aura system is a Class 1 M Laser product as defined in ANSI Z136.1 2000 and AS/NZS 2211.2:2006. Class 1 Lasers are low-power devices, which emit radiation levels lower than the Maximum Permissible Exposure. The maximum peak power level at the output ports of the system is below the maximum permissible exposure level. No part of the laser output ports or laser assembly should ever be tampered or interfered with during any maintenance.
FFT always recommends that best practice is adhered to when dealing with optical fibre systems. These are listed below as a number of reminders and warnings.
A.3.2 Reminders
Always turn off the laser and sensing controller whenever installation or maintenance on the fibre is taking place or whenever a connector is disconnected or a fibre broken. Before you inspect fibre connectors, ensure the laser operating LED is unlit and the laser is locked out with the key on the front of the controller. Never inspect fibre connectors with a fibre scope with the laser on. Always inspect the connectors or adapters before you clean them. Always clean then reinspect the connector before making the connection. Always use the connector housing to plug or unplug a fibre never pull on the fibre. Always keep a protective cap on any unplugged fibre connectors. Always store unused protective caps in a resealable container to prevent dust transferring to the fibre. Locate the containers near the connectors for easy access.
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Never use alcohol or wet cleaning without a way to insure that it does not leave residue on the end face. This residue can cause performance degradation of the system. Never look into a fibre while the system lasers are on. Never clean bulkheads or receptacle devices without a way to inspect them. Never touch the end face of the fibre connectors.
A.4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
General inspection and cleaning procedures

Make sure the laser is off first. Inspect the fibre connector with a fibrescope If the connector is dirty, clean it with a dry cleaning technique - either with a cartridge type cleaner, or with lint-free wipes. Inspect the connector. If the connector is still dirty, repeat the dry cleaning technique. Inspect the connector. If the connector is still dirty, clean it with a wet cleaning technique followed immediately with a dry clean to ensure no residue is left on the end face. Inspect the connector, again. If the contaminate still cannot be removed, repeat the cleaning procedure until the end face is clean.
Never use alcohol or wet cleaning without a way to ensure that it does not leave residue on the end face. This residue can cause performance degradation of the system.
The following describes the connector cleaning process.
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Figure A-1 Connector cleaning process

A.5
Connector inspection technique
This inspection technique is performed using fibre scopes to view the end face of SC/APC connectors. To view the end face of an E2000 connector, a special adaptor will be required. A fibre scope is a customised microscope used to inspect optical fibre components. The fibre scope should provide 320 total magnification. FFT uses the Westover FM-C320 fibre microscope.
A.5.1 Tools
Clean, resealable container or bag for the end caps Fibre microscope
Figure A-2 Westover FM-C320 Fibre Microscope
To inspect the connector:

1
Make sure that the lasers are turned off before beginning the inspection. Always completely turn off and remove power from the sensing controller before you inspect fibre connectors. Remove the protective cap and store it in a clean resealable bag or container. Insert the fibre connector into the fibrescope, press the light source button and adjust the focus ring so that you see a clear end face image. Figure A-3 shows how a clean singlemode connector end face should look.
2 3
Figure A-3 Clean singlemode end face connector

4 5
Clean the end face and reinspect, as necessary. Refer to the following appropriate sections. Immediately reconnect the clean connector into the appropriate port to reduce the risk of recontamination.
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A.6
Cleaning techniques for pigtails and patch cords
The following section describes cleaning techniques for pigtails and patch cords.
No known cleaning methods are 100% effective; therefore, it is imperative that inspection is included as part of the cleaning process. Improper cleaning can cause degradation of system performance.
A.6.1 Dry cleaning technique: Cartridge style cleaners

This section describes dry cleaning techniques using the CLETOP-S cartridge style cleaner, part no. 14110501.
Figure A-4 Cletop-S cleaner

1
Make sure that the laser is turned off before beginning the inspection. Always completely turn off and remove power from the sensing controller before you inspect fibre connectors. Remove the protective end cap from the connector and store it in a small resealable container. Inspect the connector with a fibrescope. If the connector is dirty, clean with a cartridge cleaner. Press down and hold the thumb lever, the shutter will slide back and expose a new cleaning area.
2 3 4
Hold the fibre tip lightly against the cleaning area. For APC connector end faces, hold cleaning area at the same angle as the end face. Pull the fibre tip lightly down the exposed cleaning area in the direction of the arrow.
Do not scrub the fibre against the fabric or clean over the same surface more than once. This may contaminate or damage the connector.
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7 8 9 10
Repeat the cleaning process in the second clean slot (Step 5 and Step 6). Release the thumb lever to close the cleaning window. Inspect the connector again with the fibrescope. Repeat the inspection and cleaning processes, as necessary.
A.6.2 Dry cleaning technique: Lint-free wipes

This section describes dry cleaning techniques using lint-free wipes (preferably clean room quality) such as Kimwipes or any lens-grade, lint-free tissue.
Figure A-5 Lint-free wipes

1
Make sure that the laser is turned off before beginning the inspection. Always completely turn off and remove power from the sensing controller before you inspect fibre connectors. Remove the protective endcap and store it in a small resealable container. Fold the wipe into a square (about 4 to 8 layers thick), as shown in Figure A-5. Inspect the connector with a fibrescope. If the connector is dirty, clean it with a lint-free wipe.
Be careful not to contaminate the cleaning area of the wipe with your hands or on a surface during folding.
2 3 4
Lightly wipe the ferrule tip in the central portion of the wipe with a figure-8 motion.
Do not scrub the fibre against the wipe; doing so could cause scratches and more contamination.
6 7 8 9
Repeat the figure-8 wiping action on another clean section of the wipe. Dispose of the wipe properly. Inspect the connector again with the fibrescope. Repeat this process as necessary.
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A.6.3 Wet cleaning technique: Lint-free wipes

If a dry cleaning procedure does not remove the dirt from the fibre end face, try the wet cleaning method.
Improper cleaning can cause performance degradation of the system. The primary concern with using isopropyl alcohol is that it is removed completely from the connector or adapter. Residual liquid alcohol will act as an adhesion mechanism for loose dirt on the end face. If the alcohol is allowed to evaporate slowly off the ferrule, it can leave residual material on the cladding and fibre core. This is extremely difficult to clean off without another wet cleaning and usually more difficult to remove than the original contaminant. Liquid alcohol can also remain in small crevices or cavities where it can re-emerge during fibre connection.
Tools required
99% isopropyl alcohol Lint-free wipes such as Kimwipes or any lens-grade, lint-free tissue.
Figure A-6 Lint-free wipes

1
Make sure that the laser is turned off before beginning the inspection. Always completely turn off and remove power from the sensing controller before you inspect fibre connectors. Remove the protective endcap and store it in a small resealable container. Inspect the connector with a fibrescope. Fold the wipe into a square (about 4 to 8 layers thick), as shown in Figure A-6. Moisten one section of the wipe with one drop of 99% alcohol. Be sure that a portion of the wipe remains dry. Lightly wipe the ferrule tip in the alcohol moistened portion of the wipe with a figure-8 motion. Immediately repeat the figure-8 wiping action on the dry section of a wipe to remove any residual alcohol.
Do not scrub the fibre against the wipe. Doing so can cause scratches.
2 3 4 5 6
78
7 8 9
Properly dispose of the wipe. Never reuse a wipe. Inspect the connector again with a fibrescope. Repeat the process as necessary.
A.7
Sample images of contamination conditions
The following images describe various contamination conditions you may find on the connectors. Figure A-7 shows a clean singlemode ceramic end face at 200 magnification. This is the ideal when cleaning and inspecting. Note: Sometimes the core is not illuminated.
Figure A-7 A clean connector
Figure A-8 shows a connector with dust particles spread across the surface of the end face that needs cleaning. This is what we most commonly see in the field during installation.
Figure A-8 Connector with dust
Figure A-9 shows a connector with liquid contamination that needs cleaning.
Figure A-9 Connector with liquid contamination
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Figure A-10 shows a connector with alcohol residue that needs cleaning.
Figure A-10 Connector with alcohol residue contamination
Figure A-11 shows a connector with small droplets of liquid contamination that needs cleaning.
Figure A-11 Connector with liquid contamination
Figure A-12 shows a connector with a dry residue that needs cleaning.
Figure A-12 Connector with dry residue
Figure A-13 shows a connector with an oil residue that needs cleaning.
Figure A-13 Connector with oil residue
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Figure A-14 shows a connector with scratches. These scratches are not detrimental to the end face and will not clean off. However, deep scratches that appear to cross the fibre optic core can cause signal loss.
Figure A-14 Connector with scratches
Figure A-15 shows a connector with damage to the cladding. Damaged cladding cannot be removed by cleaning. A small amount of epoxy around the cladding is allowable, but this shows excessive epoxy around the cladding that will not clean off.
Figure A-15 Connector with chipped cladding and excessive epoxy
This connector must be replaced.
81
82
Appendix B Sensor cable

B.1 Sensor cable type
This is not a common fibre optic data cable, but a specifically constructed fibre optic sensor.
In order to guarantee the performance and sensitivity of the system and achieve the distance figures quoted, FFTs sensor cable must be used. While the optical fibres are standard telecommunications-grade singlemode fibres, this sensor cable is specifically designed and manufactured to work as a FFT Aura sensor, and is the result of many years of research and experience. If FFTs sensor cable is not used, FFT will not guarantee or be responsible for the performance of the complete installation. Normal data cable cannot be substituted for use as a sensor and expect the same system performance, regardless of the information from the cable supplier! For full technical details of the recommended cable, contact FFT directly. This same sensor cable can also be used as the lead-in cable, and can carry regular data and communication traffic. The mechanical construction of the loose tube singlemode sensor cable attached to the fence is critical to the operation of the system. Not only does this cable have the correct optical characteristics, but it also has the optimal physical and mechanical characteristics to deliver maximum detection sensitivity. Cable that is too rigid (such as aerial fibre optic cable) or armoured cable should not be used as they are highly rigid that there may be a significant loss in sensitivity.
Figure B-1 Loose tube singlemode sensing cable for FFT Aura
Appendix B Sensor cable 83
B.2
Handling fibre optic cables
Fibre optic cable can be easily damaged if not handled properly. Although it can look like copper cable, the fibre can be broken or fractured. Breakage will reduce the transmission quality of the fibre and may require the cable to be repaired or replaced. This is a significant expense that can be avoided with proper training. Fibre optic cable can be pulled or ploughed for various applications. This is not a difficult procedure, since the manufacturer takes great pains to ensure the cable design protects the fibres during installation. Fibre cable can be pulled with much greater force than copper wire, if it is pulled correctly and the following rules are obeyed. Do not exceed the maximum pulling load rating. On long runs through conduit, use proper lubricants and make sure they are compatible with the cable jacket. If possible, use an automated puller with tension controls. A cable that has been pulled too tight will cause problems that will affect the location accuracy of the system. Do not pull the cable over long distances. In high temperature environments extra care must be taken when pulling the cable as it is more malleable in higher ambient temperatures and therefore is easier to strain. Do not exceed the cable bend radius. Fibre is stronger than steel when you pull it straight, but it breaks easily when it is bent too tightly. A kink in the cable will harm the fibres, and the cable must be removed and discarded. The bend radius must be greater than 10 times the diameter of the cable when installed. Do not twist the cable. Putting a twist in the cable can stress the fibres too. Always roll the cable off the spool instead of spinning it off the spool end. This will put a twist in the cable for every turn on the spool. If laying cable out over a long distance, use a figure-8 on the ground to prevent twisting (the figure-8 puts a half twist in on one side of the 8 and takes it out on the other, preventing twists). And always use a swivel-pulling eye, because pulling tension will cause twisting forces on the cable. Try to minimise the number of splices required in the cable. The longer the cable run, the fewer splices required. Splicing takes up time and money and adds to signal loss in the system.
84
Appendix C Splice joint closure instructions

These procedures should only be carried out by an FFT-trained or approved installer.
C.1
12/24 Splice joint and 36/72 Splice joint closure instructions
Follow the instructions supplied with the equipment. For more information, contact the equipment manufacturer: Tyco (TE Electronics) (http://www.tycoelectronics.com) Method A Channell Commercial Corporation (http://www.channellcomm.com) Method B
85
C.2
Method A Tyco (TE Electronics) Instruction Guide
C.2.1 Kit contents

Check the contents of the kit against Figure C-1 and the list below.
1 Base fitted with splice cassette and covers Dome cover O-Ring for sealing Mounting bracket with retaining pin Sealing clamp fitted with mounting block Heatshrink tubes (2 off) Foil for flame protection (2 off) Safety mittens Cable ties
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Figure C-1 Kit contents
10 Instruction sheets 11 Splice tray identification stickers 12 Abrasive strip
C.2.2 Closure preparation (entry ports)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
86
Select suitable ports. Remove the port seal using a suitable tool. Clean the ports using a cleaning pad from the sachet. Abrade the port using the abrasive strip. Using an approved heat source, pre-heat (flame brush) the port for 10 seconds. Place heat shrink sleeve onto prepared port making sure that the directional arrow is pointing towards the base. Using an approved heat source, re-cover the sleeve 40 mm from the base taking care not to apply the heat above the length of the port (50 mm). Allow the sleeve to cool for 10 minutes before installing the cable(s).
C.2.3 Cable preparation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Allow enough cable to meet your usual methods of practice and mark sheath cut point. If it is hard jacketed (nylon), remove the jacket using a sheath removal tool, allowing an extra 120 mm for the main port and 95 mm for auxiliaries from the sheath cut point. Place a mark 125 mm towards cut end this is the sheath removal point. Use a sheath removal tool to score around the cable at the sheath removal mark and longitudinally along the cable to the open end (do not remove the sheath yet). Make another mark at 50 mm from sheath cut point, away from cut end. Clean the cable 300 mm from sheath cut mark with cloth from the cleaning sachet, away from cut end. Using the abrasive strip, and starting at the 50 mm mark, abrade the cable up to the 125 mm mark. Fit the protection foil to the cable over the nylon jacket from where the jacket has been removed. Smooth the foil using a knife or screwdriver handle. Using an approved heat source, pre-heat (flame brush) for 10 seconds, where the cable has been abraded.
C.2.4 Cable installation

1 2 3
Secure the closure base as per your normal practices. Slide the cable through the sleeve until the sheath cut mark is in line with the bottom of the closure base. Using an approved heat source, re-cover the sleeve starting at the port end of the sleeve (do not reheat the sleeve on the port), continue heating towards the open end of the sleeve until fully re-covered and the heat sensitive paint has converted. Allow the sleeve to cool for 15 minutes before moving the closure for splicing.
C.2.5 Fibre splicing

1 2 3 4
Remove sheath to expose the fibre tubes. Remove the splice protection covers. Route and terminate as per your standard methods and practices into splice cassette. Replace the splice protection cover.
87
C.2.6 Sealing closure

1 2 3 4 5
Clean all sealing surfaces of the closure (base and cover) using a clean cloth. Clean and fit the closure sealing O-ring (3) to the base making sure that the O-ring is seated correctly. Fit the cover to base making sure that no conductors are trapped between the base and cover. Fit the closure sealing clamp (5) to the base and cover and draw together by pushing on the open ends of the clamp. Slip the U section locking ring over the locking notch of the clamp, and with the palm of your hand, push the locking lever shut.
88
C.3
Method B Channell Instruction Guide Fibre Optic 12/24 Splice Heatshrink Openable Joint Closure (140001/140002)
C.3.1 Kit contents

Check the contents of the kit against Figure C-2 and the list below.
1 Base fitted with splice cassette and covers Dome cover O-Ring for sealing Mounting bracket with retaining pin Sealing clamp fitted with mounting block Heatshrink tubes (2 off) Foil for flame protection (2 off) Safety mittens Cable ties
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Figure C-2 Kit contents
10 Instruction sheets 11 Splice tray identification stickers 12 Abrasive strip
C.3.2 Closure preparation (entry ports)

1 2 3 4 5 6
Select suitable ports. Remove the port seal using a suitable tool. Clean the ports using a cleaning pad from the sachet. Abrade the port using the abrasive strip (see Figure C-3). Using an approved heat source, pre-heat (flame brush) the port for 10 seconds. Place heat shrink sleeve onto prepared port making sure that the directional arrow is pointing towards the base.
89
7 8
Using an approved heat source, re-cover the sleeve 40 mm from the base taking care not to apply the heat above the length of the port (50 mm) (see Figure C-4). Allow the sleeve to cool for 10 minutes before installing the cable(s).
Clean
Abrade
Pre-heat (flame brush)
Figure C-3 Abrading and flame brushing the port
Heat this area only
Figure C-4 Flame brushing the port
90
C.3.3 Cable preparation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Allow enough cable to meet your usual methods of practice and mark sheath cut point (see Figure C-5). If it is hard jacketed (nylon), remove the jacket using a sheath removal tool, allowing an extra 120 mm for the main port and 95 mm for auxiliaries from the sheath cut point. Place a mark 125 mm towards cut end this is the sheath removal point. Use a sheath removal tool to score around the cable at the sheath removal mark and longitudinally along the cable to the open end (do not remove the sheath yet). Make another mark at 50 mm from sheath cut point, away from cut end. Clean the cable 300 mm from sheath cut mark with cloth from the cleaning sachet, away from cut end. Using the abrasive strip, and starting at the 50 mm mark, abrade the cable up to the 125 mm mark (see Figure C-6). Fit the protection foil to the cable over the nylon jacket from where the jacket has been removed. Smooth the foil using a knife or screwdriver handle. Using an approved heat source, pre-heat (flame brush) for 10 seconds, where the cable has been abraded (see Figure C-6).
Heatshrink tube Sheath cut position Main port
Protective foil
Fibre striplength to splicers procedure
A ports
Figure C-5 Cable preparation (1)
91
Nylon sheath cut point

Protective foil
125 mm
Sheath cut mark

Abraded 50 mm area
Figure C-6 Cable preparation (2)
C.3.4 Cable installation

1 2 3
Secure the closure base as per your normal practices. Slide the cable through the sleeve until the sheath cut mark is in line with the bottom of the closure base (see Figure C-5). Using an approved heat source, re-cover the sleeve starting at the port end of the sleeve (do not reheat the sleeve on the port), continue heating towards the open end of the sleeve until fully re-covered and the heat sensitive paint has converted (see Figure C-7a). Allow the sleeve to cool for 15 minutes before moving the closure for splicing.
a b c
Figure C-7 Cable installation
C.3.5 Fibre splicing

1 2 3 4
92
Remove sheath to expose the fibre tubes. Remove the splice protection covers. Route and terminate as per your standard methods and practices into splice cassette. Replace the splice protection cover.
C.3.6 Sealing closure

1 2 3 4 5
Clean all sealing surfaces of the closure (base and cover) using a clean cloth. Clean and fit the closure sealing O-ring (3) to the base making sure that the O-ring is seated correctly (see Figure C-8). Fit the cover to base making sure that no conductors are trapped between the base and cover (see Figure C-9a). Fit the closure sealing clamp (5) to the base and cover, and draw together by pushing on the open ends of the clamp (see Figure C-9b). Slip the U section locking ring over the locking notch of the clamp, and with the palm of your hand, push the locking lever shut (see Figure C-9c).
O-ring position
Figure C-8 Seating the O-ring
Push with palm of hand to lock
Push to close in
Direction of arrows
Figure C-9 Sealing closure
93
94
Appendix D Routine system maintenance

Although the FFT Aura system is specifically designed with durability and reliability as key factors, there are several simple yet essential maintenance activities that need to be carried out regularly to maximise system performance, reliability and operational up-time. These activities are to be carried out at least every six months (more often in dirty or dusty environments).
D.1
Air filter
Air filters are located on the left and right sides of the front panel on the sensing controller. The filter should be removed and cleaned every six months and replaced every year. (In dirty or dusty environments, the filter should be cleaned monthly and replaced every three months.)
Figure D-1 Air filters
Failure to clean this filter could result in the Controller overheating. The laser temperature could exceed safe limits, resulting in inaccurate intrusion locations, and possibly system failure and/or shutdown.
Appendix D Routine system maintenance
95
D.2
Air conditioning maintenance
The cooling unit is virtually maintenance-free. Periodically, the components of the external air circuit should be cleaned with compressed air. If installed, the filter mat should also be periodically inspected and cleaned.
D.3
Field inspection
If time permits, open up the pits and check for water ingress. If water is evident, it is advisable to check that no water has entered the fibre closure at all. Where applicable, generate an alarm in each zone and confirm the systems operation and accuracy.
D.4
File housekeeping
D.4.1 Log file backup

All the Event log files and subdirectories should be backed up at least every six months and preferably stored off-site. Once the files are backed up, the originals can be deleted from the system to free up disk space. Periodically free up disk space the hard disk will eventually fill up and the system will stop. For more information regarding log file back-up, refer to the FFT Aura Fence Operations Manual.
96
Appendix E System checks
Visual checks Check for objects that may hit the fence including gates, signs, shrubs and trees that will cause nuisance alarms. Check that all fibre closures are properly sealed against water ingress and pit lids are fitted correctly. Check that gates do not rattle when they are closed to avoid nuisance alarms. Check that in all locations where the cable comes up out of the ground onto the fence that is enclosed in protective conduit. Check that the lead-in cable is installed underground in conduit, and that there is a minimum of excess lead-in cable present and this excess is housed in a pit. Check that there are no connectors in the field.
OTDR testing OTDR test the fibres before splicing, send a copy the results to FFT, and place the test results in the back of this manual. OTDR test the fibres after splicing, send a copy of the results to FFT for final checking, ensure that there are no unexpected results, and then place the test results in the back of this manual. Ensure that a launch lead is used for the final trace. Record the length of the lead-in and sensor cables in this manual, ensuring that the length of the launch lead is deducted if used.
Appendix E System checks
97
Sensing controller installation Check that the controller climate is stable within +5 to +40C (+40 to +104F). Note the controller number from the sticker on the side of the controller. Ensure the controller is mounted securely in the rack on a shelf. Never support the controller by the mounting ears alone. Check that the controller is connected to a LAN connection to interface to FFT CAMS. Ensure all fibre optic connectors have been cleaned and inspected prior to connecting the controller to the patch panel. Power up and configure the system. Simulate a power outage to check that the UPS works correctly and sustains the system for at least 15 minutes prior to shutting down the controller. Shut down the system and make sure FOSS restarts automatically. Carry out system acceptance procedure and get customer sign-off. Take a backup of all the settings files and store off-site.
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