Explore Ebooks
Categories
Explore Audiobooks
Categories
Explore Magazines
Categories
Explore Documents
Categories
&
, 2014
.
tsaknakisv@yahoo.gr / www.perevia.gr
, 2014
: .
.
, www.anistor.gr/greek/index.htm,
28 2013,
.
................................................................................................. 9
I. ..................................................................................................... 13
..................................................................................................... 13
. ........................................ 15
. ............................................. 27
II. ................................................................................... 41
..................................................................................................... 41
. ..................................................................................................... 47
i. ............................. 47
ii. ........................ 48
. ...................................................................................................... 51
i. ............................. 51
ii. ........................ 53
. ........................................................................................................ 58
i. ............................. 58
ii. ........................ 59
.......................................................................................................... 63
............................................................................................ 65
................................................................................................... 67
, ,
, ,
, .
, ,
.
, ,
.
,
, . ,
,
,
, . ,
,
,
.
(2013).
10
1: Part of Reference Map of Ancient Greece. Northern Part. Shepherd, W. R. 1911. Historical Atlas.
New York: Henry Holt and Company (http://goo.gl/g8GsK).1
11
12
I.
( . - ) . - - . -
. ,
,
. , ,
.
, :
,2 , ( ), (
), ( ), ,3 ,4 (
.
4 .
.
( )
.
[.
(2012), . 219-20].
( )
, .
,
(, , ).
. , ,
13
) , , .
: ,
, -. , ,
,
.5 , ,
.6
,7 (. 63 .. 24 ..)
(, V.19).8
, ,
. , ,
,
(1774-1863),
,9
,
[. (2012), . 219].
4
,
,
,
, . 5
4 . .., ,
. [. (2012), . 217].
. .
,
. . (1999), .. 145, 147.
( ). . . , . 738-740:
,/ , /
.
( ). , V.19. :
.
, . .
( ). .
14
, ,
.
Richard Buxton
. , , ,
,
,
, ,
.10 , ,
.
,
.
.
,
.
,
,
.11 . (1830-1915)
,
10
11
Graves (1979), . , . 3.
15
.12
,
.
.
, ,
.
. : ,
.
.13
.
,
.
,
.
, ,
,
.
.
,
. , , (
) (
), '
12
(1880), . 17.
13
16
. , '
(. 1.3).14
(464-3 ..) (. 524-455 ..)
. , , ,
, , ,
,
.
,
.
(. 256).15 , ,
,
,
.16 , ,
, , .
,
,
.17
14
(1880), .. 85-6.
15
16
(2008), . 157.
17
( ). , . 214-219:
/ .
/ /
/ , , / /
17
18
.19
(5 . ..)
.20
, (10 . .), ,
, .21 , ,
, /
.
,
,
(43 .. 17
.), .
,
- -
. 22
.
18
. , ,
. . ( 1) Part of Reference Map of Ancient
Greece.
(. ).
19
( ). , . .. 138, 172
, , ,
, ,
[]
,
.
20
( ), . (2004). , . 90.
21
22
( ), . (1886). ,
.. 142-64. . Graves (1979), . , .. 313-9.
18
2: ,
, , . 555 .. (Wikipedia,
http://goo.gl/09qpl)
. (, V.19) ,
,
,
,
.
,
.
.23
, ,
.
.
,
23
( ). , , V.19. :
,
[].
19
,24 , ,
. ,
,
, ,
. ,
, ,
.
,
.25 , ,
,
.
: .
,
.
,
.26
24
. ,
, ,
,
. . Graves (1979), . , . 240.
25
26
20
3: 7 . .
Jacques Carrey, 167827 (http://goo.gl/V3AwV7)
, ,
, ,
, 28
.
. ,
, i
.
, , 29
.
27
32
. . 7 , ,
, . . (2004), .. 41-47,
60.
28
29
. (
) ,
. , , Heuzey
, Kiepert
[. (1880), . 17].
21
30 ,31
, , .32
, ,
,
, .33
,
, ,
30
. .
31
. , ,
. . ( 1) Part of Reference Map of Ancient
Greece.
32
( ). . . , . 738-55:
,/ , /
/ /
/ , /
/ , /
/ . /
/
/ /
/ , /
, / /
.
33
( ). . . , 233-5:
/ , /
. (5 . ..)
[. , . , (2004).
]. (10 . ..), ,
[. , . Bekerri (1854). , . 943].
(
1928 ,
[ , 156/1928, . 1229, .
( ), ],
,
'
, , ,
.
22
.
. , ,
,
.34
, ,
(460-403 ..), (485-406 ..),
, .
, ,
, ,
, .35
, ,
,
.36
, ,
, , ,
128 ( )
34
( ). , V.20. : []
,
,
, []
. , V.22:
,
, ,
.
35
, ,
.
, . , ,
.
.
. . Buxton
(2005), . 89 Graves (1979), . , . 240.
36
(2008), . 157.
23
. , ,
. ,
,
,
.37 .
. (
) . , ,
Raymond Williams
. , ,
.38
.
.
,
(4 . ..)39
, .40
,
37
38
39
. . ( ), .
(2004). , . 234, . 304.
40
(2008), . 173.
24
,
,
.41
, , ,
. ,
(5 . ..)
. ,
, ,
.
, .
(325-260 ..),
,
.42
/
,
. . , ,
, (.. )
41
( ). , VII.12. :
, ,
.
,
,
.
42
( ), . (2004). ,
, . 157 . 234, . 1.
25
. (Glaubry)
.
, , (Mionnet),
.43
,
,
.44
, ,
. ,
,
.
43
(1880), . 273.
44
( ). .
26
,
,
,
,
,
,45
.
.
, ,
, . , ,
. , ,
,
.
,
45
27
, , .
, , ,
, , ,
.
, ,
,
( ..).
,
,
,
, ,
,
.
8 7 .. .46
, - o . .
- ,
.
46
(2012), .. 26-7.
28
.
.47
, 7 . ..,
.
,48
.49 , , 6 . ..
: ,
, ,
.
,
.50 ,
. ,
, ,
, 5 . ..
.51
47
48
(2012), . 28.
49
50
. .
(2012), . 33.
51
29
(2012), . 32.
53
(2012), . 33.
54
(2012), . 33.
55
( ). :
.
.
24
.
.
.
, 24 12
( ), ,
.
. ,
. (590 ..),
, ,
( ) ( ).
, 6 . ..
, 5 4 . .. 371 .. .
, 346 .., , 3 . .. 168 ..
, ,
.
30
, ,
, , ,
, , , .
,
.56
480
.. ,
,
, ,
.
56
(2012), . 29.
31
. ,
,
.57 , ,
, ,
(7, 132).58 , , 481 ..,
, ,
.59
.60
(4, 78)
, (431-404 ..),
, , .
,
,
, ,
,
57
(2000), . 178.
58
( ), . (1875). . . .
gutenberg.org: 131:
,
.
, . 132: ,
.
,
,
, .
.
59
60
(2000), . 179.
32
,
.61
,
423 ..62 5 . .., ,
,
,63
4
.64
4 . ..
,
,
.65
, :
, .
.
.
4 . .., ,
, ( ),
, , ,
61
( ), . . . , . 78.
: [4.78] .
, , ,
, .
62
63
[. Mosse (2009), . 339].
64
65
(2012), . 30.
33
.66 , , 346
.67
3 ..
, . 279
.. . ,
4 . .. ,
,
,
,
, ,
239-229 .. 220-217 .. . 229 ..
. 206 ..
,
, .
,
3 2 . ..
( ),
,
, .68
(215 205 ..),
(211 .).69
,
66
- ( , 2012), .
.
67
68
(2004), .. 227-9.
69
34
,
,70
, 199 ..71
(64 .. 17 ..), ,
(200 197 ..)
,
.72
198 .. ,
,
,
.73 , (. 50
120 ..) ,
(197 ..)
, . , ,
196
..,
,
, ,
, , , , ,
, , (10,
5-6).74 ,
70
71
72
73
74
( ), . (1993). .
, .. 104-7.
35
. ,
,
,
.75
, 196 ..
.
.76
, ,
. ,
(Elimia), (Cambunian)
: , .
, ,
. , ,
,
, .77
, ,
, ,
, , ,
(. )
75
76
(2012), . 31.
77
36
(Lapathus, Phila).78
(171-168 ..)
.
,
.
()
. , ,
, ,
.
. .
, ,
.
.
,
.
78
37
.
.79
5: (Wikipedia,
http://goo.gl/6uwjC8)
168 ..
, ,
.
,
. , ,
( )
.80
, ,
.81 , ,
79
(1931), .. 5-10.
80
(1931), . 13.
81
( ), . (1993). .
, .. 60-3.
38
168 ..,
.
F. Gschnitzer ,
3 . ..,
(284-305 ..),
.82
,
.83 , ,
.84
,
,
.
, ,
.85
82
(2004), . 63.
83
(2006), .. 389-90 2: ,
, 4,3,8. J. Haury G. Wirth (. , 1964), .
.
84
(2004), . 64.
85
(2006), . 489.
39
40
II.
. , ,
,
. ,
(.. ),
, (.. , ,
, , ,
, ).
,
.86
,
. ,
86
41
, ,
.
.
,
, .87
: ,
.
,
(
).
. ,
, ,
(
),
( , -. ),
,
- .
,
.88 ' , ,
,
87
88
(2012), . 222.
42
,
.
375 350 ..
,
,
),
),
),
(
(
), ( ) .
(, , ) .89
,
, 4 . ..,
, (390370 ..), ,
, .90
,
,
, 5 3
. .. , ,
, , , .91
( 6), 4 . ..
89
(2012), . 219.
90
91
( ).
. . ., , (2012), . 222.
43
.92
6: ( 4 . ..)
(1874-1942) ,
, .93
(, ). , ,
1913,
. ,
.
.
,
,
.
92
( ).
. . .
"".
93
(1929), .. 198-219.
44
,
( - . -..
- - -.. - -.. )
- . ,
(..
), ,
(.. ).94
, ,
, .95
196 ..
.96 ,
2 . ..
.97
, , ,
(XXVIII, 13,1)
98
94
(1913), . 107
(1913), . 246, . ,
.
95
96
(2004), . 87.
97
(2012), . 222.
98
45
168 ..,
.
, , ,
,
.99 , ,
.100
1995 7
.
,
,
.101 , ,
.102
.
99
( ), . (1993). .
, .. 60-3. ,
.
,
,
. [] ,
,
.
. .
100
101
(2010), . 553.
102
(2006), .. 389-90 2: ,
, 4,3,8. [J. Haury G. Wirth (. , 1964), .
.
46
i.
.103
103
104
1984
( , 36/1984, . 391). .
( ). .
105
Leake (1835), . 342. If Pythium was in the situation which I have indicated (. .
), we may with some probability place Azorus at Vouvala; for, as Strabo
remarks that Azorus was 120 stades distant from Oxyneia on Ion, which was a branch of the
Peneius, it may be inferred, whether the distance be correct or not, that Azorus was the most
south-westerly of the towns of Tripolitis which agrees with the position of Vuvala.
47
.106
ii.
.107
( ).
5 . .., ' 4 . ..
. '
3 . .. , (
, XIX.52.6)
.108
, 3 . .. ,
.109
, ,
5 . ..,
(
, 1995),
.
106
(2004), . 86.
107
(2010), . 550.
108
(2012), .. 222-3.
109
( ).
. .
48
3 . ..
. , ,
.110
,
,
. ,
,
. .
,
.
, .111
7 ,
1996,
,
,
.
(5 . ..)112 ,
, ,
110
(2012), .. 222-3.
111
(2004), .. 86-9.
112
406 .. [. (2010), . 553].
49
. , , 7
.
, ,
.113
7 1998
, .
.
, ,
.
, .
646 ..114
.
(, ).
2002,
.115
113
(2000), .. 189-195.
(2004), .. 64-70. (2006), .. 636-7,
(2006), .. 390-2, .
. , . ( ). ,
.
114
.
(2010), . 553.
115
(2006), . 637,
. (2006), ..
50
i.
Leake
, (.. ),116
,
. ,
, . ,
,
, .117 Smith
.118 Lon Heuzey (1831 1922)
, ,
,
, ,
.119 ,
392-3, . .
116
, 1928
( , 156/1928, . 1229). .
( ). .
117
Leake (1835), . 344. At the northen extremity of this ridge are some remains of a fortress on th
summit of a peaked hill, which we leave a little on our right, and a few minutes afterwards
arrive at the small village of Duklista, situated at the foot of the same heights, where in a ruined
church are two fragments of Doric columns 2 feet 8 inches in diameter, and in the burying
ground a sepulchral stone, together with some square blocs. These remains, combined with the
name Duklista, seem to indicate the site of Doliche, the third city of the Tripolitis.
118
Smith (1854), . 797. Doliche (), a town in Perrhaebia in Thessaly, situated at the foot of
Mount Olympus. Doliche, with the two neighbouring towns of Azorus and Pythium, formed a
Tripolis. Leake identifies it with the small village Duklista., where in a ruined church are two
fragments of Doric columns 2 feet 8 inches in diameter, and in the burying ground a
sepulchral stone, together with some square blocs.
119
Heuzey (1860), .. 41-4. En meme temps, des ruines beaucoup plus recentes nous montrent
51
: ,
. ,
,
, . Heuzey
,
,
(..
)
.
(
) .
(.. ), ,
, Heuzey ,
.121
que Doliche, citee une seule fois dans l histoire, resta pourtant, au moins jusqu a la fin de l
empire romain, un des remparts de la province.
120
Sthlin (1924), . 21. Wenn Azoros bei Vuvla lag, so mu Deliehe stlich davongesucht
werden, da ja ungefhr bei Lakudi die Wege wischen beiden Stdten sich trennten, Ferner lag
Deliehe im N der Tripolis. Denn es grenzte an die Elimiotis.
121
(1880), . 272.
52
ii.
G. Cohen, ,
. Duluk, ,
, ,
, , ( 7).122
7: (Google maps)
122
53
,126 2002,127
2006
. ,
,
, 6 . ..
3 2 . ..,
[] .
123
124
( ).
. . .
125
(2004), .. 90-1.
126
, ,
- . , ,
.
127
54
.128
.
( 8),
. : []
[] [] [ ]
,
. 2006 7 ,
,
. ,
.129
8: , : [] []
128
(2007), .. 33-64.
129
(2006), .. 638-42,
. (2006), ..
393-6, . .
55
,
. , ,
,
. ,
,
.
, 3 . ..
.
,
. , ,
( 8) 130
-
- 7
, .
.
, , ' 7
.
, , ,
5 ,
2012,
, ,
,
.
, , ,
130
(2012), . 224.
56
.131 , ,
.
, ,
,132
(867-1204
..). , ,
,
.
,
.
1516. ,
( ) ,
,
,
.133
131
( , 2012).
. .
132
O , 1985,
16 . .. ( , 647/1985, . 6330). .
( ). .
133
(1990), .. 73-4.
57
i.
Smith
.
, , .
,
,
, .
.134 Leake
,
, ,
.135
. ,
, ,
134
Smith (1856), . 688-9. Pytihium (), a town in Perrhaebia in Thessaly, situated at the
foot of Mount Olympus. and forming a Tripolis with the two neighbouring towns of Azorus
and Doliche. Pytium derived its name from a temple of Apollo Pythius situated on one of the
summits of Olympus, as we learn from an epigram of Xeinagoras, a greek mathematician, who
measured the height of Olympus from these parts. Games were also celebrated here in honour
of Apollo. Pythium commanded an important pass across Mount Olympus. This pass and that
of Tempe are the only two leading from Macedonia into the north-east of Thessaly. Leake
therefore places Pythium on the angle of the plain between Kokkinoplo and Livadhi, through
no remains of the ancient town have been discovered there.
135
Leake (1835), . 341. Of these (towns of Tripolis), Pythium appears to have stood exactly at the
foot of Olympus, as well from its having been the point from which Xenagoras, a geometrician
and poet, measured the perpendicular height of Olympus, as from its having been in the road
across the mountain Petra, since both Livy and Plutarch couple Pythium with Petra in
describing the route by which Scipio Nasica crossed Mount Olympus into the rear of the
position of Perseus on the Enipeus.
58
,
,
.
, ,
. .
,
,
:
.
.136
,
. .
(.. ),137
,
,
.138
ii.
,
, ,
136
(1880), .. 269-70.
137
1928 ( ,
156/1928, . 1229). . (
). .
138
(1880), .. 270-1.
59
- .139
.
,
,140
,
: , .
,
.141
,
.
.142 ,
,
.143 , .
,
.144 , ,
, .
139
(2004), . 71. ., ,
( ). .
.
140
(2012), . 222.
141
- ( , 2012), .
.
142
( ).
. .
143
(2004), . 72.
144
( ).
. .
60
, ,
. ,
.145
,
. . ,
, ,
, .
, 1339
.146
(1081-1204). ,
'
(1208-1222) .
.
,
,
,
.
(
, , )
145
146
(2006), . 396, .
.
61
13 .147
147
(2009), .. 489-495.
62
,
,
- - ,
, . ,
, ,
, ,
. . ,
, ,
, ,
,
.
.
, ,
,
. 4 . ..
196 ..
, , , . ,
.
63
,
, , , ,
,
.
.
, ,
,
.
.
,
7
, ,
.
.
64
1: Part of Reference Map of Ancient Greece. Northern Part. Shepherd, W.
R. 1911. Historical Atlas. New York: Henry Holt and Company
(http://goo.gl/g8GsK)............................................................................................ 11
2:
, , , .
555 .. (Wikipedia, http://goo.gl/09qpl).............................................................. 19
3: 7 .
. Jacques Carrey, 1678
(http://goo.gl/V3AwV7) ........................................................................................ 21
4: . 1814. Leonidas at Thermopylae. Oil on
canvas, 395 x 531 cm. Muse du Louvre, Paris (Wikipedia, http://goo.gl/SFZjXk) 31
5:
(Wikipedia, http://goo.gl/6uwjC8) ........................................................................ 38
6: ( 4 . ..)...................... 44
7: (Google maps)....................... 53
8: , : []
[]...................................................................................................... 55
65
66
:
http://standardlibrary.com/authors/l/titus_livius/00012582_history_of_rome
_vol_iii/00012582_english_ascii_p026.htm
[
:
12.9.2012].
Titus Livius. Roman History From The Building of the City. The Supplement of
John Freinsheim. Translated into English, and illustrated with notes
historical and geographical, 1761. Vol. VIII. Edinburgh: Printed by A.
Donaldson and J. Reid. For Alexander. Donaldson.
. . . , ., 2007. :
.
. 4. , , , .
( 9,55-56). . ., 2000. . 4.
: .
. . . ,
1992. . 4, ( 7,22,5). : .
. , . 4.
. , 1997. : .
. . . . 131-2. .
, ., 1875. . . : ,
. : www.gutenberg.org/files/38213/38213h/38213-h.htm [ : 31.8.2013].
. , , - -.
. 1 5. . , 2004. : .
. . . . 78. . , .
:
www.mikrosapoplous.gr/thucy/vivlia/vivlio4.htm
[
: 27.8.2012].
67
.
.
, . , .,
.
.
.
1886. :
. . -. , .
tritsibidas.gr. : http://goo.gl/mW86CG [
: 23.8.2012].
. . . , . .
: www.mikrosapoplous.gr/iliada [ : 13.9.2012].
. . . .
, 1993. . 10. : .
. . . .
, 1993. . 14. : .
.
.
http://goo.gl/kK424 [ : 3.9.2012].
. . 7. (
). . , . : ,
1994. : .
. . 9. ( ). .
, . : , 1994. :
.
. , . . , .,
. : .
Cohen, G.., 2006. The Hellenistic settlements in Syria, the Red Sea Basin, and
North Africa. California: The Regents of the University of Califonia.
68
Leake, W. M., 1835. Travels In Northern Greece. Vol. III. London: J. Rodwell,
New Bond Street.
Smith, W., 1854. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Vol. I. Boston:
Little, Brown and Company.
Smith, W., 1856. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Vol. II. Michigan:
University of Michigan Libraries.
, ., 1913. .
. .
, 1913. 2 224 .
: .. , . 107.
69
, ., 1913. .
, .
1912. :
.. , .. 234-246.
, ., 1929. .
1925-1926. :
.
, ., 2008. :
. 1o &
. 9-11 2006. . I. :
, .. 169-175.
, ., 2009. .
2, 2006, . : . :
, , .. 489-504.
, ., 2000. ( -). . 3. :
.
, ., 1880. . :
. . 2.
. , ., 2000.
,
.
..
(1990-1998), 1 . : ,
, .. 189-195.
. , ., 2004.
. ,
. :
, .. 63-74.
. , ., 2006.
. 1o
& . 9-11
2006. . II. : , .. 632-643.
. , ., 2006. .
.
, 2003, . : . : ,
, .. 389-401.
70
. , ., 2007.
.
. . . 51. :
, .. 33-64.
. , ., 2009.
.
-.
2, 2006, . :
. : , ,
.. 475-487.
, ., 2008. :
5 . .. 1o &
. 9-11 2006. . I.
: , .. 153-159.
, ., 2010.
.
(3-7 . ..), 2006, . '. :
,
- , .. 548-562.
, ., 2012. .
. : ,
.. 13-36.
, ., 2012. : , , .
. :
, .. 222-224.
, ., 2012. .
. : ,
.. 217-222.
, ., 2009. . 5.
. : ..
, ., 1990.
.
. .
: , .. 73-74.
, . , ., 2004.
. . . . : .
71
, ., 1931.
168 .. .
. . 4.
: : 46, :
. . , 52, .. 5-14.
, . , ., 1999.
: .
(1994):
. :
, .. 143-152.
, ., 2004.
. .
:
:
, .. 223-232.
, ., 2004. . :
.
Shepherd, W. R., 1911. Historical Atlas. New York: Henry Holt and
Company. The University Of Texas At Austin, Reference Map of
Ancient
Greece.
Northern
Part.
:
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/greece_ancient_n_ref_
1926.jpg [ : 22.8.2012].
().
.
:
http://www.et.gr/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid
=104&lang=el [ 25.8.2012].
. . :
http://odysseus.culture.gr/a/5/ga50.jsp?fletter=1 [
24.8.2012].
, . . .
:
http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/3/gh352.jsp?obj_id=9442
[ : 25.8.2012].
. . :
72
http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/3/gh351.jsp?obj_id=2365
: 16.9.2012].
.
. . :
http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/3/gh351.jsp?obj_id=6766
[
: 25.8.2012].
-, ., 2012.
.
( ). .
: http://goo.gl/ajPeL8 [ : 24/8/2012].
. .
:
http://www.ekebi.gr/frontoffice/portal.asp?cpage=NODE&cnode=462&t=17
89 [ 23.8.2012].
. 2012.
. 5 .
:
http://dolihi.gr/politistika/festival-perraiviki-tripolis
[
: 4/9/2012].
73
74