LTE Basics

Marius Pesavento - marius.pesavento@mimoOn.de Willem Mulder - willem.mulder@mimoOn.
de
LTE Tutorial part 1 LTE Basics
Marius Pesavento, Willem Mulder, Femto Forum Plenary, June 2010, Reading, UK
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Agenda
Part 1, LTE Basics

9:30 10:30
Introduction to LTE FDD/TDD frame structures and reference signals Physical channels, logical channels PHY signal processing architecture H-ARQ processing, H-ARQ timing UE categories
Part 2, Advanced topics in LTE

11:00 12:30
The LTE MIMO modes Codebook-based precoding Closed loop operation CQI reporting modes Using antenna port 5 (SDMA) techniques Simulation results Outlook LTE Advanced
Q&A
12:30 13:00
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3G Evolution
SPRING 2011
HSPA evolution Gradually improved performance at low additional cost in 5MHz spectrum allocation Next step: dual carrier allocation (10MHz) LTE LTE is new Radio Access Network (RAN) significantly improved performance in up to 20MHz allocation Peak data rates up to 300Mbps LTE-Advanced natural evolution of LTE, next major step toward IMT-Advanced support spectrum aggregation up to 100MHz and data rate up to 1Gbps
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LTE Targets
Cell-capacity (Control plane): 200 user per cell in 5MHz Peak data rate
DL: 300MBit/s UL: 75 MBit/s
Control plane latency: 50/100ms (idle to active) User Plane Latency: <5ms (unload condition) Interworking with UMTS, WCDMA, GSM/EDGE Access technology:
OFDMA in DL SC-FDMA in UL (reduced PAPR)
Basis antenna configuration:

eNB: Tx 1 to 4; Rx 1 UE: Tx = 1; Rx 2 (depending on UE category )
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E-UTRA frequency bands

E-UTRA Band Uplink (UL) eNode B receive UE transmit Downlink (DL) eNode B transmit UE receive UL-DL Band separation Duplex Mode
FUL_low FUL_high
FDL_low FDL_high
2110 MHz 1930 MHz 1805 MHz 2110 MHz 869 MHz 875 MHz 2620 MHz 925 MHz 1844.9MHz 2110 MHz 1475.9MHz [TBD] 746 MHz 758 MHz 2170 MHz 1990 MHz 1880 MHz 2155 MHz 894MHz 885 MHz 2690 MHz 960 MHz 1879.9 MHz 2170 MHz 1500.9 MHz [TBD] 756 MHz 768 MHz
FDL_low-FUL_high
130 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 355 MHz 20 MHz 35 MHz 50 MHz 10 MHz 60 MHz 340 MHz 23 MHz [TBD] 21 20 FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD
UMTS band
1 2 3 4 5 6
1920 MHz 1850 MHz 1710 MHz 1710 MHz 824 MHz 830 MHz 2500 MHz 880 MHz 1749.9MHz 1710 MHz 1427.9MH z [TBD] 777 MHz 788 MHz
1980 MHz 1910 MHz 1785 MHz 1755 MHz 849 MHz 840 MHz 2570 MHz 915 MHz 1784.9 MHz 1770 MHz 1452.9 MHz [TBD] 787 MHz 798 MHz
extension band
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ... 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
1900 MHz 2010 MHz 1850 MHz 1930 MHz 1910 MHz 2570 MHz 1880 MHz 2300 MHz
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD
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Basic Transmission Schemes
Transmission Bandwidth Sampling Frequency FFT Size #RBs

(12 subcarrier)
1.4 MHz 1.92 MHz 128
3 MHz
5 MHz
10 MHz 15.36 MHz 1024
15 MHz 23.04 MHz 1536
20 MHz 30.72 MHz 2048 100 (110)
3.84 MHz 7.68 MHz 256 512
15
25
50
75
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Frame Structure Type 1

Frame Structure Type 1
one radio frame, Tf = 307200*TS = 10 ms one slot, Tslot = 15360*TS = 0.5 ms #0 #1 #2 #3
TS
#18
#19
one subframe
Transmission Time Interval (TTI)= 1ms
basic time unit corresponding to sampling frequency 30.72MHz
frame structure type 1 is applicable to FDD (frequency division duplex), full-duplex and half-duplex
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Slot Structure
normal cyclic prefix
160*TS 2048*TS 144*TS 2048*TS 144*TS 2048*TS 144*TS 2048*TS 144*TS 2048*TS 144*TS 2048*TS 144*TS 2048*TS
#0 slot normal cyclic prefix #1
#6 normal cyclic prefix #2

512*TS 512*TS 512*TS
extended cyclic prefix, f = 15 KHz

512*TS 2048*TS 512*TS 2048*TS 512*TS 2048*TS 2048*TS 2048*TS 2048*TS
#0 slot
#5 extended cyclic prefix
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Frame Structure Type 2: TDD

Downlink subframe Uplink subframe
Special guard subframe for DL to UL switch
Special guard subframe or Downlink SF
Uplink or Downlink subframe
one radio frame, Tf = 307200*TS = 10 ms

DL #0
subframe 1 ms
S #1
UL #2
UL/DL #3
UL/DL #4
DL #5
S/DL #6
UL/DL #7
UL/DL #8
UL/DL #9
special subframe: DL to UL switching

S #1 or #6
DwPTS: DL pilot time slot shortend DL subframe (3,8,9,10,11, or 12 OFDM symbols) reference signals, primary sync and control, PDSCH
GP: Guard period (1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10 OFDM symbols)

RS and Control
DwPTS
PSS
SSS
GP UpPTS
UpPTS: UL pilot time slot

(1 or 2 OFDM symbols) sounding reference or RACH
0 1 2
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Frame Structure Type 2: TDD

DwPTS UpPTS Tx
DL
UL Tx #2
UL Tx #3
UL/DL switching must be accomplished within the CP length (e.g. if path delay is zero)
GP
path delay
DwPTS
UpPTS
Rx
DL DL Tx #0
UL Rx #2
UL Rx #3 DL Tx #4 DL Tx #5 DL Tx #6
DwPTS
GP GP
Tx
path delay
DwPTS
UpPTS
Rx
UpPTS
DL
DL Rx #4
DL Rx #5
DL Rx #6
GP
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DwPTS, GP, UpPTS length (in OFDM symbols)

Format
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Normal CP DwPTS
3 9 10 11 12 3 9 10 11
Extended CP UpPTS DwPTS

3 8 9 10 3 8 2 9 -
GP
10 4 3 2 1 9 3 2 1
GP
8
666.7s 200Km
UpPTS
3 2 1 7 2 1 mimoOn
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Resource Blocks
7 OFDM symbols
resource block DL N RB 1
DC frame structure 1 normal cyclic prefix f = 15 KHz 12 subcarriers
all subframes
resource block 0
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Physical Channels Downlink (DL)

Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) System Information (Master Information Block MIB) approx. every 40 ms Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) DL Control Information Format (DCI-format), DLgrants (current TTI), UL-grants (+4 TTI), uplink power control Physical DL Shared Channel (PDSCH) DL transport blocks (TBs), DL Control Information, System Information Block (SIB), Paging Channel (PCH), Multicast Channel (MCH) Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) location of the PDCCH Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) UL ACK/NACK Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH)
Marius Pesavento, Willem Mulder, Femto Forum Plenary, June 2010, Reading, UK mimoOn 13
Physical Channels Uplink (UL)

Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) UL timing estimation (path delay), UL scheduling request (SR) Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) Channel Quality Indicater (CQI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), Rank Indicator (RI), ACK/NACK, SR Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) UL TBs, ACK/NACK, CQI, PMI, RI, SR
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PHY Signals
Downlink Primary and Secondary Synchronization Signal
cell-search, DL-frame synchronization, time, frequency, drift,
Cell-specific reference signals (antenna port 0 - 3), orthogonal (non-overlapping) in time-frequency-domain

MIMO channel estimation, fine frequency estimation, UL-CQI estimation
UE-specific reference signals

implicit signaling of DL-transmit beamforming weights
Uplink Demodulaton Reference Signal Sounding Reference Signal

UL wideband CQI estimation
Random-Access Sequence
for UL timing synchronization
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Cell-Specific Reference Signals

Tx Tx Port 0 Port 0 Port 1
one antenna port (frame structure 1, normal cyclic prefix)
two antenna ports (frame structure 1, normal cyclic prefix)
reference signal 0 reference signal 1 not used for transmission on this antenna port
pilot spacing in frequency coherence bandwidth B 6x15KHz B 1 / (2 ) delay spead : 1 / (2 B) =1.77sec ( 54 smpls; corresp. to 531 meter )
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reference signal 0
slot
carrier frequency: 2.6GHz LTE requirement max speed: 350km/h max Doppler frequency: 843Hz Clarke's model coherence time: T > 9/(16 fm) approx. 3 OFDM symbols
slot
slot
Cell-Specific Reference Signals

Tx Port 0 Port 1 Port 2 Port 3
four antenna ports (frame structure 1, normal cyclic prefix) reference signal 0 reference signal 1 reference signal 2 reference signal 3 slot slot even slot odd slot even slot odd slot not used for transmission on this antenna port
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DL time-frequency structure
DL payload on DL Shared Channel Primary synchronization signal Secondary synchronization signal Broadcast Channel DL Control Channel Reference signal
20MHz
30.72MHz
guard band
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UL time-frequency structure
demodulation reference signal (DRS) frequency sounding reference signal (SRS) PUSCH PUCCH
time / OFDM symbol number

PDSCH Tx
Channel Coding Turbo CB Concatenation
Scrambling
CB Segmentation
CB CRC
TB CRC
MAC PDU
HARQ Support & Rate Matching HARQ hard buffer for S1, P1, P2 Subblock interleaver Rate Matcher, RVs
number of Transport Blocks (TBs)
Layer Mapping
number of antennas
number of streams
MIMO Precoding
P/S Sync Signals
Modulation
IFFT Frame Builder
CP Adding
Pulse Shape
to DACs
Ref Signal
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PDSCH Rx
antenna ports
Layer Demapper MIMO Detector
From ADCs
Rotator Freq. Off.
CP Removal Measurements
Downsampling filter
FFT
frame/RB demapper Channel Estimation
smple drift
Rotator Samp.D.
other CWs
P/S-Sync Processing
Fine Frequency estimation
TB CRC
MAC PDU
HARQ Support & Rate Matching: HARQ soft buffer for S1, P1, P2, Subblock interleaver Soft-Combiner 8 bit, RVs
CB sementation: transition from OFDM wise to CB-wise processing
CB Concatenation
Descrambling
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Soft Demodulator 8 bit
Turbo Decoder
CB CRC
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PUSCH Tx
CQI and/or PMI report CQI <= 11 bit Length 32 block code 32bit ACK RI CQI and/or PMI report CQI > 11 bit
CB CRC
Channel Conv. Coding
Rate Matching
control TS36.212Figure 5.2.2-1 Data & Control Mux
Scrambling
Channel Turbo Coding
CB Segmentation
CB CRC
TB CRC
MAC PDU
HARQ Support & Rate Matching HARQ hard buffer for S1, P1, P2 Subblock interleaver Rate Matcher, RVs
CB Concatenation
Demod. Ref. Signal
number of Transport Blocks (TBs) of different users
Transform Precoding Mixed-Radix DFT
RB Resource Mapper
Rotator Samp. Drift
IFFT
CP Adding
Rotator Freq. Cor.
Pulse Shape
DAC
to reduce PAPR
Sound. Ref. Signal
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Modulation
Channel Interleaving
PUSCH Rx
Frame timing
From ADCs
CP Removal Measurements
FFT
frame/RB Demapper MultiAntenna Receiver
Demod. Ref. Channel Estimation
Sounding Ref. Processing Rate DeMatching: Subblock interleaver Soft-Combiner 8 bit, RVs Block decoder control (32,11) TS36.212Figure 5.2.2-1 HARQ Support & Rate Matching: HARQ soft buffer for S1, P1, P2, Subblock interleaver Soft-Combiner 8 bit, RVs
CB Segmentation: Transition from OFDM- to CB-wise processing
Tranform (De)Precoding (mixed-Radix DFT)
CB CRC
Viterbi
ACK
RI
CB Concatenation
Descrambling
Data & Control Demux
MAC PDU
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Soft demodulator 8.bit
Channel deinterleaver
Turbo Decoder
CB CRC
TB CRC
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Downlink Control Indicator Format (DCI format)

DCI format 0 is used for the transmission of UL-SCH assignments DCI format 1 is used for the transmission of DL-SCH assignments for single antenna operation DCI format 1A is used for a compact transmission of DL-SCH assignments for single antenna operation DCI format 1B is used to support closed-loop single-rank transmission with possibly contiguous resource allocation DCI format 1C is for downlink transmission of paging, RACH response and dynamic BCCH scheduling DCI format 2 is used for the transmission of DL-SCH assignments for MIMO operation DCI format 3 is used for the transmission of TPC commands for PUCCH and PUSCH with 2-bit power adjustments DCI format 3A is used for the transmission of TPC commands for PUCCH and PUSCH with single bit power adjustments
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PDCCH processing chain

other DCIs DCI
User specific search space (aggregation level) 1-CCE (2x6attempts) 2-CCE (2x6attempts) 4-CCE (2x2attempts), 8-CCE (2x2attempts) Cell specific search space (aggregation level) 4-CCE (2x4attempts) 8-CCE (2x2attempts)
CRC generation L=16 other DL channels CRC scrambling with RNTI / (UE Tx port) specific tail bit convolutional encoder, rate 1/3 antenna ports 0,...,3 sub-block interleaver (on quadruples of modulated symbols), remove <NULL> elements layer mapping, pre-coding: single antenna port or transmit diversity interleaver, rate-matching PDCCH multiplexing <NIL>element insertion
Resource Mapper, (mapping to RE groups) time first then frequency
QPSK modulation
cell-specific scrambling
IFFT and CP attachment
MIMO channel
FFT and CP removal, frequency and timing correction
Resource demapper (1-3 OFDM symbols, according to CFI)
sub-block de-interleaver
equalizer, MIMO detector, (requires channel estimation)
DCI
code bit extraction CRC calculation CRC extraction
Viterbi decoder
ratedematching, deinterleaving
44 blind decoding attempts (commonand UE-specificsearch-space),
cell specific descrambling
softdemodulator
44 PDCCH candidates XOR RNTI skip some decodes if RNTI is found
RNTI: radio network temporary identifier Marius Pesavento, Willem Mulder, Femto Forum Plenary, June 2010, Reading, UK mimoOn 25
PUCCH processing chain Tx

all formats
(2) N RB (1) N cs (2) resource index nPUCCH cell ncs (ns , l )
determines cyclic shift
Pseudo-Random sequence generator

cell cinit = N ID
include demodulation reference signals for format 2 (see below)
never simultaneously with PUSCH

CQI, PMI, RI report (2) <= 4bit Block code Length 20 for mapping to outer RBs
20bit
ACK/NACK (1a,1b) 1 or 2 bit
to map on CQI resource concatenation: only CQI (2: 20 bit) CQI + ACK/NACK (2a: 21 bit, 2b: 22bit)
UE specific cell specific scrambling
12 symbols
to map on ACK/NACK resource ACK/NACK w/o CQI or SR, 1a: d(0)= 1,-1 1b: d(0)= 1,j,-1,-j to map on SR resource w/o ACK/NACK (1);d(0)=1 w ACK/NACK d(0) = 1,-1 d(0) = 1,j,-1,-j for mapping to in RBs spreading with sequence ) ru(, v ( n)
PUCCH N seq = 12
modulation: d(0),d(19) on QPSK spreading (BPSK) with 36.211, 7.1 d sequence d(20), d(21) ) ru(, Resourcem v ( n) according to apper 36.211, Table PUCCH N seq = 12 z (k,l,slot#) 5.4.2-1 12 symbols IFFT spreading with orthogonal sequence wnoc (i )
PUCCH N SF =4
CP attach
Scheduling request (SR) (presence/absence)
(1) resource index nPUCCH
include demodulation reference signals for format 1 (see below)
determines cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence
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PUCCH processing Rx
format 2, 2a, 2b
format 2,2a,2b (CQI,PMI,RI)
determines cyclic shift QPSK matched filtering with tap M coef. vector hard demodulator IDFT length 12 multiplication with conjugate of
) ru(, v ( n)
PUCCH N seq = 12
separate user m users according to cyclic shift in timedomain
UE specific cell specific descrambling
CP removal FFT (2048)
Resource de-mapper (k,l,slot#)
format 1,1a,1b ACK/NCK w or w/o SR (see next page) multiplication with conjugate of
) ru(, v ( n)
PUCCH N seq = 12
user m
segmentation SR w/o ACK/NACK (1);d(0)=1 w ACK/NACK d(0) = 1,-1 d(0) = 1,j,-1,-j
IDFT length 12
channel estimation separate users according to cyclic shift in timedomain tap M(<12) channel coefficient vector M depends on number of shifts in use
Block decoding (bit-level matched filter)
ACK/NACK (1a,1b)
CQI, PMI, RI report (2)
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PUCCH processing Rx
format 1
format 1,1a,1b (SR and ACK/NACK)
determines cyclic shift despreading separate usere according to orthogonal sequence
) ru(, v ( n)
PUCCH N seq = 12
matched filtering with tap M coef. vector user m
hard demodulator
IDFT length 12
multiplication with conjugate of
Resource de-mapper (k,l,slot#) on SR resource
format 2,2a,2b (CQI,PMI,RI) channel estimation 1 IDFT length 12 multiplication with conjugate of
) ru(, v ( n)
PUCCH N seq = 12
channel estimation2 separate users according to orthogonal cover sequence (despreading)
separate users according to cyclic shift in time-domain tap M(<12) channel coefficient vector M depends on number of shifts in use
SR
ACK/NACK
resource
(2) index nPUCCH
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PUCCH processing Rx
format 1a, 1b
format 1,1a,1b (SR and ACK/NACK)
(2) resource index nPUCCH determines cyclic shift
) ru(, v ( n)
PUCCH N seq = 12
matched filtering with tap M coef. vector
hard demodulator
IDFT length 12
multiplication with conjugate of
despreading separate usere according to orthogonal sequence
Resource de-mapper (k,l,slot#) on ACK/NACK resource
format 2,2a,2b (CQI,PMI,RI) channel estimation 1 IDFT length 12 multiplication with conjugate of
) ru(, v ( n)
PUCCH N seq = 12
user m channel estimation2 separate users according to orthogonal cover sequence (despreading)
separate users according to cyclic shift in time-domain tap M(<12) channel coefficient vector M depends on number of shifts in use
ACK/NACK
resource
(2) index nPUCCH
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Demodulation reference signals

for PUCCH format 2
(2) N RB (1) N cs
Pseudo-Random sequence generator

cell cinit = N ID
cell ncs (ns , l )
input sequence for format 1
for mapping to outer RBs
UE specific cell specific scrambling
modulation: d(0),d(19) on QPSK 36.211, 7.1 d(20), d(21) according to 36.211, Table 5.4.2-1
) ru(, v ( n)
PUCCH N seq = 12
12 symbols
spreading with sequence
Resourcem apper (k,l,slot#) IFFT
12 symbols
input sequence for format 2
for mapping to in RBs
spreading with sequence ) ru(, v ( n)

PUCCH N seq = 12
spreading with orthogonal sequence wnoc (i )

PUCCH N SF =4
CP attach
determines cyclic shift and orthogonal sequence
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PHICH
(DL HARQ)
Selection depends on the index of the first RB of the corresponding PUSCH transmission 3 symbols symbol level Spreading, length 4 orthogonal sequence 12 symbols Location depends on the index of the first RB of the corresponding PUSCH transmission
ACK/NACK 3x 1 bit repetition
BPSK (I or Q)
12 symbols
3bit
Max. 8 different sequences

other ACK/NACK 1 bit
super-position of different ACK/NACKS
scrambling
layer mapper SISO or MIMO TD
resource mapper, PHICH group is mapped to 3 groups of 4 REs
FFT / CP insertion
MIMO channel ACK/NACK 1 bit other ACK/NACK 1 bit
matched filter length(12)
descrambling
MIMO detector
resource demapper
CP removal/IFFT
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PBCH
MIB CRC attach CRC mask antenna config
PBCH carries important PHY information: system bandwidth, number of transmit antennas, PHICH configuration and system frame number,
cell specific scrambling QPSK modulation
tail bit convolutional encoder, rate 1/3
interleaver, rate-matching
scrambling
MIMO channel
IFFT CP inclusion
resource mapping
precoding SFD frame no 0,1,2,3
layer mapping for single antenna or transmit diversity
channel estimates CP removel FFT Equalization (SISO, MISO, or TD) soft demodulator (QPSK) MIB
rate matching buffer
Viterbi decoder
After successful reception of PBCH, UE can read D-BCH in PDSCH (including PCFICH and PDCCH) which carries system information not including in PBCH
antenna config
XOR
code bit extraction, CRC masked computation CRC mask CRC extaction
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PRACH
RACH sequence extends over several slots
Zadoff-Chu sequence (L=839), selectec from set of 64 sequences), different root-sequences or different cyclic shifts, Create in 839 sequence in frequency domain
Zero padding to 1024
IDFT of length 1024
Upsampling by 24, LP filtering
Rotator, frequency shift
CP inclusion (3168, 21024, 6240)
possible cell specific root-sequences,(conjugate)
UL Tx signal in time domain: PUSCH, PUCCH,DRS,SRS, including CP
add to OFDM frame in time domain
Multiplication
DFT 1024
decimation 1/24
LP filter 1/24
phase rotation, (mixing,frequency shift to DC)
Channel
correlation (convolution) in time domain replaced by multiplication in frequency domain
IDFT 1024 (results in change of sampling rate)
Peak dection, path delay estimation
RACH sequence, associated timing-advance
RACH sequence, associated timing-advance
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PCFICH
DL Control Format
power control cell ID
2 bits block code L=16
scambling cell and subframe dependent
modulator QPSK
layer mapping
precoding SISO or Tx diversity
power boosting
resource mapper (4 blocks of 4REs = 1RE group)
FFT / CP insertion
MIMO channel
number of OFDM symbols reserve for control 1,2,3
block detection
descrambling
demodulator
MIMO detection
resource demap
CP removalII FFT
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Rate matching and HARQ processing

write-in row-wise systematic parity 1 parity 2 S1 sub-block interleaver
RV1
RV0
column permutation
read-out column-wise P1 P2
S1
RV2
MUX
P1/P2
RV3
HARQ timing
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UE Categories
synchronous HARQ in UL, ACK/NACK in 4 TTI after UL reception, re-transmission (UL) in 8 TTI after initial transmission, total of 8 HARQ processes asynchronous HARQ in DL, ACK/NACK in 4 TTI after DL reception, retransmission with DL scheduling grant, total number of 8 HARQ processes
Downlink physical layer parameter values set by UE Category

UE Category Maximum number of DL-SCH transport block bits received within a TTI Maximum number of bits of a DL-SCH transport block received within a TTI Total number of soft channel bits Maximum number of supported layers for spatial multiplexing in DL
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5

UE Category
10296 51024 102048 150752 302752
10296 51024 75376 75376 151376
250368 1237248 1237248 1827072 3667200

Support for 64QAM in UL
1 2 2 2 4
Uplink physical layer parameter values set by UE Category

Maximum number of bits of an UL-SCH transport block transmitted within a TTI
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5
5160 25456 51024 51024 75376
No No No No Yes
8HARQ buffer x(3(S1,P1,P2)x10296+ 12(termination))
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UE Categories
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TDD:
DL grants and ACK/NACK reporting FDD: only one DL (and one UL) grant per TTI. Corresponding DL TBs need to be ACK/NACK 4 TTIs after reception (1 or 2 bits). TDD: ACK/NACK required for detected PDSCH and for DL SPS release on PDCCH. TDD: usually one DL grant (but up to 2 DL grants, in special case of UL-DL config. 0) can be received within one TTI.
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TDD ACK/NACK
Recall: Frame Structure Type 2: TDD

Downlink subframe Uplink subframe
Special guard subframe for DL to UL switch
Special guard subframe or Downlink SF
Uplink or Downlink subframe
one radio frame, Tf = 307200*TS = 10 ms

DL #0
subframe 1 ms
S #1
UL #2
UL/DL #3
UL/DL #4
DL #5
S/DL #6
UL/DL #7
UL/DL #8
UL/DL #9
special subframe: DL to UL switching

S #1 or #6
DwPTS: DL pilot time slot shortend DL subframe (3,8,9,10,11, or 12 OFDM symbols) reference signals, primary sync and control, PDSCH
GP: Guard period (1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10 OFDM symbols)

RS and Control
DwPTS
PSS
SSS
GP UpPTS
UpPTS: UL pilot time slot

(1 or 2 OFDM symbols) sounding reference or RACH
0 1 2
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TDD: UE ACK/NACK procedure

(PUSCH transmission and PHICH reception)
UE Rx Perspective
ACK/NACK received on PHICH in subframe i for UL transmission in subframe i - k, where the values for k are given in the table. k for TDD configurartion 0-6
TDD UL/DL Configuration 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 4 7 4 6 subframe number i 0 6,7 1 4 4 6 6 2 3 4 5 6,7 6 7 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 9
UE Tx Perspective
for UL transmission in subframe i, ACK/NACK received on PHICH in subframe i + k, where the values for k are given in the table. k for TDD configurartion 0-6
TDD UL/DL Configuration 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 subframe number i 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 4 7 6 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 6 6 4 7 4 7 6 4 6 6
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DL control issues in TDD DL HARQ

UE Rx Perspective
reception of PDSCH in subframe n ACK/NACK on PUSCH or PUCCH in subframe n + k k for TDD configurartion 0-6
TDD UL/DL Config. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 DL subframe number n 0 4 7 7 4 12 12 7 1 6 6 6 11 11 11 7 9 8 8 4 4 8 2 3 4 5 4 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 7 6 6 5 4 5 5 4 4 8 5 4 13 5 7 8 9
UE Tx Perspective
ACK/NACK on PUSCH or PUCCH in subframe n for reception of PDSCH insubframe n - k
k for TDD configurartion 0-6

TDD UL/DL Config. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 DL subframe number n 0 1 2 6 7,6 8,7,4,6 7,6,11 12,8,7,11 13,12,9,8,7,5,4,11 7 7 5 7 7 6,5 6,5,4,7 5,4 4 3 4 4 5 6 7 6 7,6 8,7,4,6 4 8 9 4
Multiple ACK/NACK in one subframe: Requieres ACK/NACK bundling (logical AND of codewords) or ACK/NACK multiplexing.
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TDD: Downlink Assignment Index DAI

to prevent ACK/NACK errors due to bundling
k for TDD configurartion 0-6 and DAI in DCI format 0 (UL assignments)
TDD UL/DL Config. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 DAI DAI DAI DL subframe number n 0 1 DAI DAI 2 6 6 4 4 4 4 7 7 5 DAI DAI 7 4 DAI 4 4 4 3 4 4 DAI 5 6 DAI DAI 7 6 6 4 4 DAI DAI DAI DAI 7 DAI DAI DAI 8 9 4 DAI
DAI indicates the number of subframes with PDSCH receptions and SPS releases detected within n-k and n (k 2 K) that need to be bundeled in the UL ACK/NACK signaling. DAI is used only for TDD
k for TDD configurartion 0-6 and DAI in DCI formats 1/1A/1B/1D/2/2A (DL)
TDD UL/DL Config. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 DAI DAI DAI DL subframe number n 0 DAI 1 DAI DAI 2 6 7,6 8,7,4,6 7,6,11 12,8,7,11 13,12,9,8,7,5,4,11 7 7 5 DAI DAI 7 4 DAI 6,5 6,5,4,7 5,4 DAI DAI DAI 7 DAI 3 4 4 DAI 5 DAI 6 DAI DAI 7 6 7,6 8,7,4,6 4 DAI DAI DAI 8 9 4 DAI
DAI MSB, LSB 0,0 0,1 1,0 1,1
UL DL VDAI or V DAI
Number of subframes with PDSCH transmission 1 or 5 or 9 2 or 6 3 or 7 0 or 4 or 8
1 2 3 4
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End of Part 1
Thank you!!!
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Backup slides
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3GPP LTE roadmap
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LTE Basics

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LTE Basics

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Marius Pesavento - marius.pesavento@mimoOn.de Willem Mulder - willem.mulder@mimoOn.

LTE Tutorial part 1 LTE Basics

Part 2, Advanced topics in LTE

Basis antenna configuration:

E-UTRA frequency bands

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD

Basic Transmission Schemes

Transmission Bandwidth Sampling Frequency FFT Size #RBs

1.4 MHz 1.92 MHz 128

10 MHz 15.36 MHz 1024

15 MHz 23.04 MHz 1536

20 MHz 30.72 MHz 2048 100 (110)

3.84 MHz 7.68 MHz 256 512

Frame Structure Type 1

basic time unit corresponding to sampling frequency 30.72MHz

#0 slot normal cyclic prefix #1

#6 normal cyclic prefix #2

extended cyclic prefix, f = 15 KHz

#5 extended cyclic prefix

Frame Structure Type 2: TDD

Special guard subframe or Downlink SF

Uplink or Downlink subframe

one radio frame, Tf = 307200*TS = 10 ms

special subframe: DL to UL switching

GP: Guard period (1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10 OFDM symbols)

UpPTS: UL pilot time slot

Frame Structure Type 2: TDD

DwPTS, GP, UpPTS length (in OFDM symbols)

Extended CP UpPTS DwPTS

DC frame structure 1 normal cyclic prefix f = 15 KHz 12 subcarriers

Physical Channels Downlink (DL)

Physical Channels Uplink (UL)

Cell-specific reference signals (antenna port 0 - 3), orthogonal (non-overlapping) in time-frequency-domain

UE-specific reference signals

Uplink Demodulaton Reference Signal Sounding Reference Signal

Cell-Specific Reference Signals

one antenna port (frame structure 1, normal cyclic prefix)

two antenna ports (frame structure 1, normal cyclic prefix)

Cell-Specific Reference Signals

time / OFDM symbol number

number of Transport Blocks (TBs)

P/S Sync Signals

IFFT Frame Builder

Layer Demapper MIMO Detector

Rotator Freq. Off.

frame/RB demapper Channel Estimation

Fine Frequency estimation

CB sementation: transition from OFDM wise to CB-wise processing

Soft Demodulator 8 bit

Channel Conv. Coding

control TS36.212Figure 5.2.2-1 Data & Control Mux

Channel Turbo Coding

Demod. Ref. Signal

number of Transport Blocks (TBs) of different users

Transform Precoding Mixed-Radix DFT

Rotator Samp. Drift

Rotator Freq. Cor.

Sound. Ref. Signal

frame/RB Demapper MultiAntenna Receiver

Demod. Ref. Channel Estimation

Tranform (De)Precoding (mixed-Radix DFT)

Data & Control Demux

Soft demodulator 8.bit