Peninjauan Energi Indonesia

Medan, 2010

Garis Besar
Indonesia: Penjelasan Ringkas Permintaan dan suplai energi Kebijakan tenaga dan rencana nasional sekarang Isu-isu tentang energi dan lingkungan Status perkembangan nuklir

Multidisciplanary Engineering Background

Economic

Management Marketing

Science

Physic Science for Engineer

Engineering

Technology

Program Sarjana Power Engineering Program Magister Power Engineering Berorientasi Terapan

Arah pengembangan pendidikan tenaga profesional

Indonesia: A Brief Introduction

Maluku Sumatra Kalimantan Sulawesi Papua

Java

Nusa Tenggara

Suplai Energi Indonesia (1)

Deposit minyak
(As of January 1st, 2006)

Natuna
114

141

54

4,692

986

Maluku

Sumatra

Kalimantan
69

Sulawesi
875 720 61
97

149

Papua

23

Java

947

Nusa Tenggara

Proven : 4,370 MMSTB Potential : 4,558 MMSTB Total : 8,929 MMSTB

Source: DGOG, 2007

Suplai Energi Indonesia (2)

Deposit GAS
Natuna
4.57 53.57 1.38

(As of January 1st, 2006)

7.83

45.40

Maluku

Sumatra

Kalimantan
3.92

Sulawesi
24.30 6.04 2.37
0.006

24.47

Papua

0.79

Java

6.20

Nusa Tenggara
6.30

Proven : 93.95 TSCF Potential : 93.14 TSCF Total : 187.09 TSCF

Source: DGOG, 2007

Suplai Energi Indonesia (3)

Deposit Batubara
(As of January 1st, 2006)

Maluku Kalimantan Sumatra

4,809 4,671

Sulawesi Papua

Java

Nusa Tenggara Proven : 5,300 Million ton Potential : 4,180 Million ton Total : 9,480 Million ton

Sumber Non-Fossil
Type Hydro Geothermal(panas bumi) Mini/Micro Hydro Biomass Solar Wind(Angin) Uranium Sumber 845.00 juta BOE 219.00 juta BOE 0.45 GW 49.81 GW 9.29 GW 24.112 ton* e.q. 3 GW for 11 years Nilai Ekuivalen 75.67 GW 27.00 GW 0.45 GW 49.81 GW 4.80 kWh/m2/day 9.29 GW Penggunaan yg ada 4.2 GW 0.8 GW 0.084 GW 0.3 GW 0.008 GW 0.0005 GW -

* Resources only exist in Kalan region West Kalimantan

Source: Presentaion of MEMR, 2007

Potensi sumber Uranium

Permintaan dan Suplai Minyak

450 400

(Million BOE)

350

300

250

200 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Supply

Demand

Permintaan dan Suplai Gas Alam

600 550 500

(Million BOE)

450

400

350

300

250

200 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Supply

Demand

Permintaan dan Suplai Batubara

250 200

(Million BOE)

150

100

50

0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Supply

Demand

Permintaan Energi Indonesia : setiap jenis

1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 Coal 1995 Oil Fuels 1996 1997 1998 Electricity 1999 LPG 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

(Million BOE)

Natural Gas

Biomass

Permintaan Energi Indonesia : Setiap Sektor

1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 Industry 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Others 2002 2003 2004 2005

(Million BOE)

Households & Commercial

Transportation

Permintaan dan Suplai Energi

Listrik Kilang Minyak Distribusi dan Transmisi Gas alam

Permintaan dan Suplai Listrik

35,000 120 30,000 100

Electricity Capacity (MW)

25,000 80 20,000 60 15,000 40 10,000

5,000

20

0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Capacity

Consumption

Electricity Consumption (TWh)

Permintaan dan Suplai Bahan Bakar Minyak

450 400 350 300

(Million BOE)

250 200 150 100 50 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Production

Import

Consumption

Kilang Minyak & Transportasi

Infrastruktur Gas Alam

Natuna

Maluku Sumatra Kalimantan Sulawesi Papua

Java

Nusa Tenggara

LNG Plant LNG Plant (under construction)

Jaringan Tenaga Lintas ASEAN

Jaringan Pipa Gas Trans ASEAN

Kebijakan Energi Nasional

Types Policy Paper National Energy Policy (Presidential Decree 5/2006) National Coal Policy (MEMR Decree 1128/2004) Laws Law 30/2007 on Energy 10 August 2007 Road Map / Blueprints Blueprint of National Energy Industry 2005* Presidential Instruction 2/2006 on Coal Liquefaction as Alternative Fuel Other References Energy Coal Draft Law on Mineral and Coal Roadmap for Coal and Mineral Upstream Downstream Blueprint of Development and Utilization of National Natural Gas Roadmap Green Energy Included in Law 30/2007 on Energy Blueprint of Biofuel Development for Alleviation of Poverty & Unemployment December 2006 Blueprint of Development and Utilization of Geothermal Energy Roadmap for Nuclear Energy National General Plan on Electricity (RUKN) (MEMR Decree 2270/ 2006) General Plan on Electricity Development by State Electricity Utility Company (last revision: 2006)

Oil Natural Gas

National Oil and Gas Policy (Draft RUPPN 23 August 2006)

Law 22/2001on Oil and Gas 23 November 2001

Implementing regulations of Law 22/2001

Renewable Energy

Policy on Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation (MEMR Decree 2 January 2004)

Presidential Instruction 1/2006 on Biofuel as Alternative Fuel

Geothermal

Geothermal Policy

Law 27/2003 on Geothermal 22 October 2003 Law 10/1997 on Nuclear Energy

Draft implementing regulations

Nuclear

Nuclear Policy

Electricity

Power Sector Restructuring Policy 25 August 1988

Law 15/1985 & Draft Law on Electricity

: Under preparation Includes roadmap for brown coal liquefaction, geothermal, wind, nuclear, biodiesel technology, gasohol, bio oil, solar, fuel cell

Rencana Energi Nasional

Energy Mix 2005
Hydro 3% Coal 15% Geothermal 1%

Natural Gas 29%

Oils 52%

Energy Mix 2025 (BAU Scenario)

Hydro 2% Geothermal 1%

Energy Mix 2025 (National Energy Policy 2006)

Coal 33%

Coal 35%

Bio-fuels 5% Geothermal 5% Biomass, Nuclear, Hydro, Solar, Wind 5% Coal liquifaction 2% Oils 20%

Oils 41%

OPTIMIZATION

RE 17%

Natural Gas 30%

Natural Gas 21%

Source: National Energy Policy, 2006

Isu-isu tentang Energi dan Lingkungan

350
7,000 6,000

12.0 %

300
(MtCO2e)

5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000

10.0 %

Million Metric Tonnes of CO2

250

8.0 %
AS Cina Indonesia Brazil Rusia India

200

0 -1,000

Energy

Agriculture

Forestry

Waste

6.0 %

150 4.0 % 100 2.0 %

50

0 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Total CO2 emission from energy utilization Ratio between CO2 emission from energy utilization and total CO2 emission (incl. LULUCF)

0.0 %

Status Perkembangan Nuklir

Updates on the road map: The plan on nuclear development option is part of PEN 2005 Socialization is still in progress until now The rest of the plan is consequently delayed, but GOI still tries to push the decision by the end of 2007 Resistency from the public: Local community protests Decree of the NU moslem leaders: disadvantages of nuclear power overshadowed its benefits.

Berita tentang Perkembangan Nuklir

IIEEs memperkirakan pada tahun2016 ada sekitar 7,000 MW dari uap batubara(6 Pertumbuhan Permintaan listrik: 6 - 7 % /tahun Kapasitas Suplai: PLN : Percepatan Program pembangkit batubara IPP : Panas Bumi (Pertambahan 470 MW) Kapasitas sistem yg ada(termasuk Gas PPs) Cadangan Keuntungan kira-kira 36% di tahun 2015 Suplai dari energi nuklir tidak dibutuhkan performa sistem akan rusak karena cadangan dan penurunan dari semua faktor kapasitas

ENERGI (FINAL) INDONESIA 2006 dan 2010

Sektor Rumah Tangga dan Komersial 2006
BBM 53.1% Batubara (Briket) 0.1% Biofuel (Biooil) 0.0% BBG (Tabung) 1.5% BBG (Pipa) 6.4%

Sektor Rumah Tangga dan Komersial 2010

BBM 28.1% Batubara (Briket) 1.2% Biofuel (Biooil) 3.7%

BBG (Tabung) 0.0% BBG (Pipa) 0.1% LPG 10.6%

Listrik 36.1%

LPG 19.0% Listrik 40.1%

Sektor Transportasi 2006

Biofuel (BioDiesel) 0.0% Listrik 0.0% Biofuel (Bio-Oil) 0.0% BBG (Pipa) 0.0% Biofuel (BioEtanol) 0.0%

Sektor Transportasi 2010

Biofuel (Bio- Biofuel (BioEtanol) Diesel) 7.6% 0.4% Biofuel (Bio-Oil) 1.9% Listrik 0.0% BBG (Pipa) 1.4% BBM (Minyak Solar) 42.3%

BBM (Minyak Solar) 45.9%

BBM (Premium) 54.0%

BBM (Premium) 46.5%

ENERGI (FINAL) INDONESIA 2006 dan 2010

(Lanjutan)
Sektor Industri 2006
Gas 19.6% Listrik 13.1%

Sektor Industri 2010

Gas 20,4% Listrik 12,4%

BBM 27,8%

Batubara 22.5% BBM 43.8% LPG 1.1%

Batubara 34,9% Biofuel 3,1% LPG 1,4%

Sektor Pembangkit Listrik 2006

Gas 14.3% Batubara-Hybrid 0.0% BBM 23.7% Biofuel 0.9%

Sektor Pembangkit Listrik 2010

Batubara 71.4%

Batubara-Hybrid 2.2% Gas 8.3% BBM 2.7% Biofuel 0.8% Panas Bumi 6.8%

Panas Bumi 5.3%

Hydro 9.6% Batubara 46.2%

Hydro 7.8%

Terima Kasih

Perkembangan dari sumber energi baru dan terbarukan

Jenis Bahan Bakar
Gas BBG LPG Batubara Batubara Briket Gas Batubara Batubara Cair Biofuel Bio-Etanol Bio-Diesel Bio-Oil Panas Bumi EBT Lain Biomassa Nuklir Air Surya Angin CBM Hidrogen / Fuel Cell Oil Shale Biogenic Gas

Rumah Tangga dan komersial

Transportasi

Industri

Pembangkit Listrik