Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By
MICHELLE O’CARROLL
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
2008
1
Copyright 2008
by
Michelle O’Carroll
2
To those who have inspired
me to reflect upon the inherent unity
of the life that I am.
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 7
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 15
CHAPTER
An Overview ........................................................................................................... 17
The Four Domains of the Manifest World .............................................................. 17
The Correlative Nature of Interior and Exterior Domains ..................... 17
The Correlative Nature of Individual and Collective Domains .............. 18
The “Sentient Being” ............................................................................. 18
On Holons and Holarchy ......................................................................................... 18
The Patterns that Connect .................................................................... 18
An Evolutionary Impulse ......................................................................................... 18
The Great Chain of Being: From Matter to Life to Mind to Spirit ........... 19
The Four Faces of Spirit-in-Action......................................................... 19
4
Ontology ............................................................................................... 31
Ideology ................................................................................................ 34
Morphology ........................................................................................... 36
4.2 Magical MUTATION
Physiology ............................................................................................ 40
Ontology ............................................................................................... 41
Ideology ................................................................................................ 44
Morphology ........................................................................................... 47
4.3 Magical/Mythic MUTATION
Physiology ............................................................................................ 51
Ontology ............................................................................................... 52
Ideology ................................................................................................ 55
Morphology ........................................................................................... 57
4.4 Mythic/Rational MUTATION
Physiology ............................................................................................ 64
Ontology ............................................................................................... 65
Ideology ................................................................................................ 68
Morphology ........................................................................................... 72
4.4 Scientific/Rational MUTATION
Physiology ........................................................................................... 82
Ontology ............................................................................................... 83
Ideology ................................................................................................ 86
Morphology ........................................................................................... 91
4.6 Pluralistic MUTATION
Physiology ........................................................................................... 98
Ontology ............................................................................................... 99
Ideology .............................................................................................. 102
Morphology ......................................................................................... 106
5
LIST OF REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 139
6
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank Dr. Bejleri for agreeing to chair a rather unconventional
project, Dr. Isenberg for introducing me to the works of Ken Wilber and continuing to
mentor me well into his retirement, and Professor Sanders for her guidance and
expertise in the field of architecture. I would also like to thank my parents- Sam and Lori
Conable- as well as my dearest friend John Begeman, whose unconditional support has
helped me through this challenging but greatly rewarding process.
7
LIST OF TABLES
Figure page
8
4.4E Mythic/Rational Cosmology: Celestial ........................................................... 69
4.4F Mythic/Rational Deity: Father God .............................................................. 70
4.4G Mythic/Rational Identity (Collective): Socio/World-Centric ........................... 71
4.4H Mythic/Rational Urban Morphology: Feudal Empires/Early Nations .............. 72
4.4I Mythic/Rational Architectural Morphology .................................................... 73
4.4J Case Study- The Greek Temple (The Celestial Object) ............................... 74
4.4K Case Study- The Gothic Cathedral (The Celestial Object) ........................... 77
9
4.7I Integral Urban Morphology: Supranational Organization of Planetary
Consciousness ............................................................................................ 125
4.7J Integral Architectural Morphology ............................................................... 126
4.7K Case Study- Genetic Architecture (The Morphogenetic Event) .................. 127
APPENDIX
A.1 Comparison: The Genetic Code and the I Ching......................................... 137
10
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure page
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1A The Spectrum of Consciousness ................................................................ 142
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
3A Focus of Study ............................................................................................ 152
3B An Adaptation of the Four Quadrant’s Model. ............................................. 153
3C Each Quadrant will be evaluated through Pre-Modern, Modern, Post-
Modern, and Integral MUTATIONS of Consciousness. ............................... 154
11
4.2G Interior Rotunda of Hall of Bulls. Lascaux, France ..................................... 165
12
4.6A Dominated by Right Hemisphere of Neocortex .......................................... 182
4.6B Contextualized Knowledge Claims ............................................................. 182
4.6C The Subject Co-creates Reality................................................................... 182
4.6D The Deconstruction of Euclidian Space ..................................................... 183
4.6E Plasticized Time ......................................................................................... 183
4.6F The Relativistic Cosmos .............................................................................. 183
4.6G A Representation of Time at 5mph.............................................................. 183
4.6H A Representation of Space at 5mph .......................................................... 184
4.6I An Object Observed at 5mph ...................................................................... 184
4.6J A Representation of Time as an Observer Approaches the Speed of Light 185
4.6K A Representation of Space as an Observer Approaches the Speed of
Light ............................................................................................................ 185
4.6L An Object Observed while approaching the Speed of Light ........................ 186
4.6M Piazza d’Italia (Charles Moore) .................................................................. 187
4.6N Sony Building (Philip Johnson and John Burgee) ....................................... 187
4.6O Portland Service Building (Michael Graves) ............................................... 188
4.6P Vitra Design Museum (Frank Gehry) ........................................................... 188
4.6Q Santa Monica Residence (Frank Gehry) ..................................................... 189
4.6R Wexner Center for the Arts (Peter Eisenman) ............................................ 189
4.6S The Mobius House (Stephen Perrella and Rebecca Carpenter .................. 190
4.6T City of Culture of Galicia (Eisenman Architects).......................................... 190
4.6U BMW Event and Delivery Center (Asymptote) ............................................ 190
4.6V Yokohama International Port Terminal (Foreign Office Architects) ........... 191
4.6W Taekwando Park (Weiss/Manfredi) ............................................................. 191
APPENDIX A
13
A.1 The Fundamental Structure of the Genetic Code ....................................... 201
A.2 Genetic Codons (“Words”) and their Corresponding Amino Acids .............. 202
A.3 The Two Polarities of Yin and Yang ............................................................ 203
A.4 The Four “Letters” of the I Ching ................................................................. 203
A.5 The Four “Letters” of the I Ching Correspond to the Four “Letters” of the
Genetic Code .............................................................................................. 204
A.6 The 64 Hexagrams of the I Ching ............................................................... 204
A.7 The Correlative Nature of the 64 Hexagrams of the I Ching and the 64
Codons of the Genetic Code ....................................................................... 205
A.8 The Correlative Nature of the 64 Hexagrams of the I Ching and 20 Amino
Acids ........................................................................................................... 206
A.9 The 64 Hexagrams Arranged Spatially on the Bagua Compass ................. 207
14
Abstract of Terminal Project Presented to the Graduate School
of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree of M.A.U.R.P.
By
Michelle O’Carroll
December 2008
This study will use an adaptation of Ken Wilber’s four quadrant model to evaluate
the parallel evolution of human consciousness and architectural morphology from its
inception through pre-modern, modern and post-modern periods. To conclude, it will
postulate that we are on the brink of integral consciousness and set forth the theoretical
framework for an integral morphology.
15
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
EXISTENTIAL DIALECTICS
ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES REFLECT STRUCTURES OF CONSCIOUSNESS
There is a dialectical relationship between our internal realities- our structures of
consciousness- and our external patterns of spatial and temporal relationship- our
architectural structures. The physical forms that we evolve reflect the way that we
organize our experience.
1
Development: the progression from a simple structure to a more complex structure.
16
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
THE INTEGRAL PARADIGM
AN OVERVIEW
In Integral Theory, reality is a non-dual union of emptiness and form with form
innately subject to development over time. Emptiness, or “spirit”, is the timeless and
eternal ground state of all being. The world of form is “spirit-in-action”- the unfolding of
this sentience as it comes to know itself through its own incarnation. Ken Wilber’s four
quadrants model attempts to describe how form undergoes change and how sentient
beings in the world of form participate in this change until they realize their true identity
as emptiness.
2
Subjective: existing in the mind.
3
Inter-subjective: existing between minds.
4
Objective: existing in form.
5
Inter-objective: existing between forms.
17
The Correlative Development of Individual and Collective Domains
Each body-mind exists in a culture (LL) and community (LR) of other body-minds
at a similar level of complexity. As physical complexity increases and individual
consciousness expands, the consciousness of the culture as a whole expands. As the
consciousness of the culture expands, the inter-objective, exterior forms -the social
structures and physical morphologies- that support the culture reflect the
complexification. (See Figure 2C)
AN EVOLUTIONARY IMPULSE
The desire to self-transcend appears to be built into the very fabric of the
Kosmos: there is an inherent compulsion, an obscure sort of will in matter, to arrange
itself in increasingly complex holons which exhibit higher and higher levels of coherence
6
Kosmos: the patterned nature or process of all (interior and exterior) domains of
existence; this stands in contrast to the word “cosmos” which refers only to the exterior,
physical domain of existence (a Wilberian term).
7
Emergents: characteristics of systems which arise unexpectedly and are more
complex than the sum of their parts.
18
and consciousness. Integral theory regards evolution as a sequence of progressive
synthesis converging towards an “omega point8”- the unification of the manifest
universe- in which an all inclusive “supermind” emerges.
"...Evolution is moving through the links in the Great Chain of Being - starting with the
lowest, or matter, and moving to biological structures, then to mind, then to subtle and
causal realms, and finally to supermind or omega point. It's not that the absolute or
supermind only comes into existence at that last stage - it existed all along, but could
only be realized when consciousness itself evolved to its highest state." (Wilber, SES
48).
8
Omega Point: a predicted point of evolution in which humanity will have evolved into a
planet wide superorganism whose organizational power will come to dominate
inanimate matter and energy (an idea of Tielhard de Chardin).
9
Physiosphere: the domain of evolution that contains inanimate matter.
10
Biosphere: the domain of evolution that contains organic life.
11
Noosphere: the domain of evolution that contains self-consciousness.
12
Theosphere: the domain of evolution that contains self-actualized consciousness.
19
upon the evolutionary stratum below and enables more and more complex modes of
cognition and consciousness.
20
themselves do not evolve but serve as residual, objective containers for intersubjective
development.
When transpersonal consciousness awakens and the theosphere emerges, a
correlative morphology will be enacted. Speculations on this are to follow in the results
section.
21
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
AN ADAPTATION OF THE FOUR QUADRANTS MODEL
THE FOCUS OF THE STUDY
This study will focus on the development of the LR quadrant- the world of
collective, exterior form- after the critical point of self-reflectivity (the inception of Ken
Wilber’s “noosphere”) (See Figure 3A). It will use an adaptation of the four quadrants
model to evaluate the co-evolution16 of consciousness and architectural morphology
through the significant phases of human evolution, paying particular attention to the
ways that the various dualisms inherent in personal consciousness have been
manifested in the external world (especially in the rise and fall of “sacred” architectures).
To conclude, it will suggest that we are approaching another critical point in the
evolution of consciousness- the brink of the transpersonal- which will transcend these
dualisms and set the precedence for an integral design morphology.
16
Co-evolution: the simultaneous, parallel evolution of two or more categories where
variations and adaptations in one set evoke an adaptive response in the other set.
17
Mutation: an event that changes or alters compositional structure.
22
INTERLUDE: THE NOOSPHERE
HUMAN HOLONS: EMERGENTS IN ALL FOUR QUADRANTS
As evolution awakens from the prepersonal slumber of the biosphere
EMERGENTS are enacted in all four quadrants. (See Figure 3D).
BIOSPHERE NOOSPHERE
23
INTERLUDE: THE NOOSPHERE
HUMAN HOLONS: MUTATIONS IN ALL FOUR QUADRANTS
ISOMORPHIC18 STREAMS OF DEVELOPMENT
(See Figure 3E)
Since the EMERGENCE of the humankind and the noosphere, our species has
traversed a series of cognitive leaps, or MUTATIONS of consciousness. These jumps
and transformations involve structural changes that manifest in all domains of existence
(all four quadrants). In the “results” section, each mutation of consciousness will be
evaluated (with particular attention as to how it informs that epoch’s morphology) as
follows: (See Figure 3F and Chart 0A)
PHYSIOLOGY- (UR)
The biological structure of the human brain has remained the same for past
10,000 years (from primitives to moderns) but there have been increasing levels of
electrical activity and neurological activation, which have actuated increasingly
advanced forms of cognition and consciousness. This study will track the MUTATIONS
of human physiology through the complexification of our species, from the elementary
structure of the hominid limbic system in the archaic stage of development to the
synchronization of the neocortical hemispheres in the integral stage of development,
drawing relations between the physical/electrical structure and the cognitive capacities
that they enable.
ONTOLOGY- (UL)
***It should be noted that structures of thought evolve through the same sequential
progression regardless of scale (timing may vary but sequence does not). The collective
evolutionary development of the species (phylogeny) exactly mirrors the development of
the organism from birth to maturity (ontogeny). For this study, the ontological structures
outlined below will be applied to the macro-scale of the evolution of the human species
as a whole. (See Figure 3G)
24
integrate numerous classes and groups into entire networks and beyond, while paying
particular attention to how these structures inform the organization and content of
architectural form.
Particular mode of spatial and temporal perception- “Perception of Space and Time”
Each stage of cognitive development is revealed by its conceptions of and
relationship to space and time- increases in consciousness are accompanied by the
appearance and effectuality of a new dimension. This study will track the MUTATIONS
(structuration and spatialization) of human consciousness through the complexification
of our species as it emerges from the 0-dimensional structure of pre-personal unity,
unfolds through 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, 3-dimensional structures of personal
differentiation, and awakens to the transpersonal transparency of 4-dimensional
structure, while paying particular attention to how these conceptions of space and time
have informed architectural constructions.
IDEOLOGY (LL)
Particular relationship between “us” and “them” - “Collective Identity”
As consciousness awakens from pre-personal, unconscious participation in the
“group mind” it consciously organizes itself through human culture. This study will track
the MUTATIONS of human culture through the complexification of our species as it
progresses through increasingly inclusive structures of collective thought and social
identification, from its egocentric inceptions through ethnocentric, socio-centric, world-
centric, and finally being-centric dimensions, while paying particular attention to the
ways in which these internally inclusive identifications have yielded externally inclusive
urban morphologies.
25
humans, while noting the correlation between such internal structures and the
organization and structuration of architectural form.
MORPHOLOGY (LR)
Social organization of collective identity- “Urban Morphology”
Urban morphology (LR) is a cultural product which reflects the collective identity
of the culture. This study will track the MUTATIONS of social systems through the
complexification of our species, from the autonomous and differentiated tribal culture
(spread around the global with little contact to on another) to the integration and
assimilation of societies into successively larger units of increasing wholeness,
culminating finally in the coalescence of a supranational, globalized system of planetary
intelligence.
“Architectural Morphology”
Architectural morphologies reflect MUTATIONS consciousness- epistemological
structures, conceptions of selfhood, perceptions of space and time, collective identity
and cultural meaning, cosmological hierarchies, and notions of the sacred. This study
will situate architectural morphology in the context of the other domains of evolution as
listed above.
26
INTERLUDE: THE NOOSPHERE
HUMAN HOLONS AND THE ARCHITECTURAL ARTIFACT19
Through the early development of our species (archaic and mythic eras) humans
were embedded in nature and lived off of the land, much like other animals. As humans
evolved self-consciousness, they began to set themselves apart from the world and
reflect upon, conceptualize, and analyze their experience. In time, we became less and
less alive to the ever-present ground state of being until finally, the separated “ego” no
longer identified with the rest of creation and experienced only “other”. The
dichotomization of self (subject) and other (object) that is inherent in self-
consciousness is the interior correlative (UL) of “architectural” morphology20 (LR):
through the construction of walls and partitions we created bounded domains- “forts of
egocentricity”- which separate interior from exterior, self from other. Pre-modern,
modern, and post-modern spatiotemporal schemes emphasized the stability and
permanence of the architectural “object”, a finite complex which is set apart from the
greater metabolism, negligent of the fact that it is a node in a larger ecology. The
expression of the architectural “object”, however, has changed as self- consciousness
progressed through magical/mythic, mythic/rational, scientific-rational, and pluralistic
stages of consciousness. (See Figure 3H)
19
Artifact: a substance that is not naturally present but is the product of an extrinsic
agent.
27
CHAPTER 4.1: RESULTS
CROSS-SECTIONS OF THE FOUR QUADRANTS
IN HUMAN HOLONS
---Archaic Mutation---
(Up to 2 million years ago)
28
---Archaic Mutation--- (Up to 2 million years ago)
OVERVIEW
Biospheric Fusion State.
Archaic consciousness has been predominate mode of being in all forms of life
since the beginning of evolution up to and including the first hominids. In this mode,
spirit is unconscious, instinctually embedded in a dreamy immersion and oneness with
the material world; the organism lives in a fusion state of oceanic adualism, of primitive
indifferentation, in which there is no distinction between self and environment, subject
and object, inner an outer. Experience is unmediated- there is no split between feeling
(body) and thinking (mind), experiencing and observing, being and doing (Earley 3).
This mode of consciousness is the structure behind the universal myths of the “Garden
of Eden”- the paradisiacal, primal state before “the fall” into the separation. As such, it
is not a “transpersonal haven” but a “pre-personal” slumber (Wilber, Up from Eden 143).
29
---Archaic Mutation--- (Up to 2 million years ago)
PHYSIOLOGY
Australopithecus, Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus.
• Consciousness remains centered in the limbic system. (See Figures 4.1A and
4.1B)
LIMBIC SYSTEM
Instincts- Feeding, Fighting, Sexual Behavior
Affective Functions- Emotions and Feelings
Table 4.1A- Archaic Physiology: the Limbic System.
30
---Archaic Mutation--- (Up to 2 million years ago)
ONTOLOGY
COGNITIVE STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
Pre-cognition.
31
---Archaic Mutation--- (Up to 2 million years ago)
ONTOLOGY
INDIVIDUAL IDENTITY
Pre-personal.
In the archaic stage of development, the self is fused with the natural world; there
is no distinction between self and environment, subject and object, inner and outer,
body and mind.
PRE-PERSONAL
No distinction between self and environment
No distinction between subject and object, inner
and outer
No distinction between body and mind
Table 4.1B- Archaic Identity (Individual): Pre-personal.
32
---Archaic Mutation--- (Up to 2 million years ago)
ONTOLOGY
PERCEPTION OF SPACE AND TIME
0-Dimensional.
In the archaic stage of development, awareness is zero-dimensional; reality is
rendered as a spaceless and timeless whole.
0-DIMENSIONAL
PERSPECTIVE Unperspectival
OBJECTHOOD Objectless
SPACE Spaceless
TIME Timeless
Table 4.1C- Archaic Perception of Space and Time: 0-Dimensional .
33
---Archaic Mutation--- (Up to 2 million years ago)
IDEOLOGY
COSMOLOGY/DEITY
None.
In the archaic stage of development, the organism is directly connected to origin
so there is no need for mediation. Further, it lacks the mental capacity to reflect upon
the nature of existence.
34
---Archaic Mutation--- (Up to 2 million years ago)
IDEOLOGY
COLLECTIVE IDENTITY
Ego-Centric.
In the archaic stage of development, the organism starts to emerge from pre-
conscious participation in the pre-personal “group mind”; in this primitive phase,
existence is egocentric and survival based. (See Figure 4.1C)
EGOCENTRIC
Survival Based
Table 4.1D-Archaic Identity (Collective): Egocentric.
35
---Archaic Mutation--- (Up to 2 million years ago)
MORPHOLOGY
URBAN MORPHOLOGY
Survival Clans.
In the archaic stage of development, hominids are embedded in nature; they
group together in small scale survival clans and gain their subsistence from gathering
plants or hunting and scavenging wild animals. (See Figure 4.1D)
Survival Clans
Population <10
Table 4.1E- Archaic Urban Morphology: Survival Clans.
36
---Archaic Mutation--- (Up to 2 million years ago)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY
Organic.
The archaic, internal state corresponds to the external morphology of the
physiosphere and the biosphere- the atomic/molecular structures of chemistry and the
cellular/organismic structures of biology (the “natural” or “organic” world as it is normally
conceived) (See Figure 4.1E). In Hegelian terms, the “concept is infused in the
material”; there is no separation of thought and form, the finite and the infinite coexist in
synthesis (Hendrix 187).
37
CHAPTER 4.2: RESULTS
CROSS-SECTIONS OF THE FOUR QUADRANTS
IN HUMAN HOLONS
---Magical Mutation---
(2 Million-10,000 B.C.)
38
---Magical Mutation--- (2 Million-10,000 B.C.)
OVERVIEW
Emergence of the Noosphere.
In the magical stage of development, the slumbering consciousness that was
present through the entire unfolding and enfolding of the physiosphere and the
biosphere is slowly awakened. The distinct self begins to emerge from the environment
and for the first time, spirit becomes vaguely conscious of itself.
39
---Magical Mutation--- (2 Million-10,000 B.C.)
PHYSIOLOGY
Neanderthal/ Cro-Magnon.
• Consciousness remains centered in limbic system (See Figures 4.2A and 4.2B)
LIMBIC SYSTEM
Instincts- Feeding, Fighting, Sexual Behavior
Affective Functions- Emotions and Feelings
Table 4.2A- Magical Physiology: the Limbic System.
40
---Magical Mutation--- (2 Million-10,000 B.C.)
ONTOLOGY
COGNITIVE STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
Sensorimotor. (See Figure 4.2C)
SENSORIMOTOR
Behaviors limited to simple motor responses
caused by sensory stimuli
Sensations coordinated into schemas
Repeats action in order to trigger a response from
environment (goal directed behavior)
Towards end of stage, beginning of symbolic
thinking
Table 4.2B- Magical Cognitive Style: Sensorimotor.
41
---Magical Mutation--- (2 Million-10,000 B.C.)
ONTOLOGY
INDIVIDUAL IDENTITY
Early Ego Formation. (See Figure 4.2D)
In the magical stage of development, the newly emerging self is coming into a
primitive awareness of an external world; the being, however, is only vaguely
interiorized and fragments of internal experience cling to the external world while
fragments of the external world cling to the self. Subject and object are confused-
mental images are identified with the physical objects they represent, leading the
subject to believe that he has special power over the object (magic) and that the object
has subjective qualities (animism). This leads the subject to believe that the he can
magically alter, control, create and govern the world.
From To
PRE-PERSONAL EARLY EGO FORMATION
No distinction between self and Subtle distinction between
environment self and environment
---self and environment
confused---
No distinction between subject Subtle distinction between
and object, inner and outer subject and object, inner and
outer
No distinction between body and No distinction between body
mind and mind
Table 4.2C- Magical Identity (Individual): Early Ego Formation.
42
---Magical Mutation--- (2 Million-10,000 B.C.)
ONTOLOGY
PERCEPTION OF SPACE AND TIME
1-Dimensional.
In the magical stage of development, consciousness emerges from the whole, no
longer a zero-dimensional structure of unitary identity but a 1-dimensional centering
which is not entirely localized but rather spread over the world of phenomenon. The
undifferentiated wholeness of experience is broken down into parts which are not
connected in any logical way, only through “magic”; the world is plastic- images
transform into one another and events are experienced blindly and confusedly, as in the
world dreams (O’Sullivan 71).
From To
0-DIMENSIONAL 1-DIMENSIONAL
PERSPECTIVE Unperspectival Unperspectival
OBJECTHOOD Objectless Objects in field of awareness,
Dream-like plasticity
(Immediate View)
SPACE Spaceless Awareness of movement and
sensation
Subtle perception of interior
and exterior
Centering of experience
TIME Timeless Registration of movement but
no temporal division
Table 4.2D- Magical Perception of Space and Time: 1-Dimensional.
43
---Magical Mutation--- (2 Million-10,000 B.C.)
IDEOLOGY
COSMOLOGY
Animistic.
In the magical stage of development, the “universe” is extremely localized. The
organism conceives the objects and beings in the immediate environment and transfers
to those objects and beings the qualities with which he is familiarly acquainted and
intimately conscious. (Hume 224). Impersonal nature is conceived as “alive”,
possessing not just prehension but explicitly personal intentions.
44
---Magical Mutation--- (2 Million-10,000 B.C.)
IDEOLOGY
DEITY
Nature Spirits. (See Figure 4.2E)
In the magical stage of development the tribe is interwoven in nature and its
elemental powers; they are represented spiritually an animal (a totem) of other
naturalistic figure. Cultic rites center on identification with wild animals and appeasing
the spirits, often the hunted.
45
---Magical Mutation--- (2 Million-10,000 B.C.)
IDEOLOGY
COLLECTIVE IDENTITY
Ethno-Centric.
In the magical stage of development, collective identity remains “close to the
body” through blood-bound, kinship relations; individuals trace their descent to a
common ancestor and thus, in the framework of their worldview, assure themselves a
common cosmogenic origin (Habernas111-12).
46
---Magical Mutation--- (2 Million-10,000 B.C.)
MORPHOLOGY
URBAN MORPHOLOGY
Ethnic Tribes.
In the magical stage of development, humans do not distinguish between natural
and socio-cultural reality: they are a part of nature rather than superior to or separate
from it. They live off of the land in small, mobile nomadic tribal structures with biological
relatives. (See Figure 4.2F)
47
---Magical Mutation--- (2 Million-10,000 B.C.)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY
48
CHAPTER 4.3: RESULTS
CROSS-SECTIONS OF THE FOUR QUADRANTS
IN HUMAN HOLONS
---Magical/Mythic Mutation---
(10,000 B.C.-1000 B.C.)
49
---Magical/Mythic Mutation--- (10,000 B.C.-1000 B.C.)
OVERVIEW
Initial Distinction between Biosphere and Noosphere.
In the magical/mythic stage of development, spirit continues to awaken from the
unconscious slumber of pre-historical Eden; the self has already begun to differentiate
its own organism from the environment and will now begin to distinguish between its
body and its mind.
50
---Magical/Mythic Mutation--- (10,000 B.C.-1000 B.C.)
PHYSIOLOGY
• Neocortical Activation (See Figure 4.3A)
From To NEOCORTICAL
LIMBIC SYSTEM ACTIVATION
Instincts-
Feeding, Fighting, Sexual Behavior Rational Brain-
Affective Functions- Conscious Thought
Emotions and Feelings
Language
Spatial Awareness
51
---Magical/Mythic Mutation--- (10,000 B.C.-1000 B.C.)
ONTOLOGY
COGNITIVE STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
Preoperational. (See Figure 4.3B, 4.3C and 4.3D)
52
---Magical/Mythic Mutation--- (10,000 B.C.-1000 B.C.)
ONTOLOGY
INDIVIDUAL IDENTITY
Ego Formation.
In the magical/mythic stage of development, the organism firmly roots itself within
the body and clearly differentiates between the interior and exterior world. It begins to
subtly distinguish between its body and its mind. (See Figure 4.3E)
From To
EARLY EGO FORMATION EGO FORMATION
Subtle distinction between self Greater distinction between
and environment self and environment
Subtle distinction between subject Greater distinction between
and object, inner and outer subject and object, inner and
outer
No distinction between body and Subtle distinction between
mind body and mind
Table 4.3C- Magical/Mythic Identity (Individual): Ego Formation.
53
---Magical/Mythic Mutation--- (10,000 B.C.-1000 B.C.)
ONTOLOGY
PERCEPTION OF SPACE AND TIME
2-Dimensional.
In the magical/mythic stage of development, the unitary, non-directional point of
1-dimensional consciousness expands to an awareness of earth and sky (enclosed
space) and with it, the rhythmic cycles of day and night, the four seasons, and cosmic
periodicity (extended, cyclical time getting nowhere but going perpetually around in
circles). (See Figures 4.3F, 4.3G and 4.3H)
21
Polarity: the doctrine that reality consists of two basic complementary principles that
account for all that exists.
22
Temporocity: the perception of time in the magical/mythic structure of consciousness
which registers the comings and goings of natural cycles but does not yet perceive time
linearly (a Gesberian Term).
54
---Magical/Mythic Mutation--- (10,000 B.C.-1000 B.C.)
IDEOLOGY
COSMOLOGY/DEITY
Chthonic/Mother Goddess.
In the magical/mythic stage of development, the primitive fusion between the self
and the environment begins to break down; the organism develops a rudimentary ego-
an independent, structured existence in space and time- but is not yet able to detach
itself completely from nature and the body. Such structures of being are found in the
peoples of the Neolithic, ancient world; each such culture worshipped some variant of
the great goddess or “earth mother” as an expression of natural, biological dependence.
(See Figure 4.3I).
With the development of polar consciousness, the “earth mother” Goddess is
complemented by the “sun father” God. The continuation of life (the fertility of the great
earth womb) depended union of these two cosmic, polar forces: through the luminary
light of the sun god penetrating the passageways of earth goddess through given
intervals of time.
From To
ANIMISTIC CHTHONIC
“I” can control nature “I” can’t control nature but
something else does
Nature is “Alive” Nature ruled by “Mother
Goddess” and “Father God”
Universe extremely localized- 2:Dimensional
Immediate view, immediate Universe spatialized according
present to polar conception of earth
and sky
Mythologies of rhythmic,
cyclical time
Table 4.3E- Magical/Mythic Cosmology: Chthonic.
From To
NATURE SPIRITS MOTHER GODDESS
Totem Matriarchal- Fertility Goddess
(Dominated)
Polytheistic Polytheistic
Spirits reside within manifest Spirits reside within manifest
world world
Humanity a part of nature Humanity a part of cosmic
perpetuation
(Fertility rites, man and woman)
Table 4.3F- Magical/Mythic Deity: Mother Goddess.
55
---Magical/Mythic Mutation--- (10,000 B.C.-1000 B.C.)
IDEOLOGY
COLLECTIVE IDENTITY
Socio-Centric.
In the magical/mythic stage of development, verbal, communicative culture
provides the framework to evolve beyond the conflicting interests of genetically related
tribe into a social structure based on shared perceptions, sentiments, and descriptive
realities. Collective identity is secured through the acceptance of the prevailing
mythological belief structure (Wilber, SES 123).
56
---Magical/Mythic Mutation--- (10,000 B.C.-1000 B.C.)
MORPHOLOGY
URBAN MORPHOLOGY
From Early Permanent Settlements to Chiefdoms to City-States.
In the magical/mythic stage of development, Neolithic humans begin to separate
themselves from nature and create permanent settlements and civilizations. Social
integration takes place through the identification with a common political ruler whose
legitimacy is given because of their connection and privileged access to mythological
powers. (See Figure 4.3J)
From To
ETHNIC TRIBES EARLY PERMANENT
SETTLEMENTS
Population Population
10’s-100’s 100’s-1000’s
(2 Million BC-10,000 BC) (10,000BC-5,000 BC)
To CHEIFDOMS
Population
1,000’S-10,000’S
(5,000 BC-3,000 BC)
To CITY-STATES
Population
10,000-100,000
(3,000BC-1,000 BC)
Table 4.3H- Magical/Mythic Urban Morphology: From Early Permanent
Settlements to Chiefdoms to City-States.
57
---Magical/Mythic Mutation--- (10,000 B.C.-1000 B.C.)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY
General
Humankind first uses indestructible materials to erect large structures not to live
in but to worship their gods. Construction is carried out in respect to the idea of the
divine and the way that it manifests in mortal cycles of generations, years, seasons,
days, and nights.
58
---Magical/Mythic Mutation--- (10,000 B.C.-1000 B.C.)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY (Cont.)
59
Perception of Cyclical Architecture charts
time nocturnal/lunar/solar
periodicity
IDEOLOGY Collective Mythology Symbolic form
Identity
Cosmology Perpetuation of Phallic symbol (pillar)
life through the penetrates the body of
union of two the earth goddess,
polar, cosmic configurations measure
forces cycles of fertility
Deity Earth Goddess/ Live in harmony with
Sun God/ nature/understand and
Constellations chart natural forces
Table 4.3J- Case Study- Stone Pillar Architectures (The Chthonic Object).
60
---Magical/Mythic Mutation--- (10,000 B.C.-1000 B.C.)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY
61
CHAPTER 4.4: RESULTS
CROSS-SECTIONS OF THE FOUR QUADRANTS
IN HUMAN HOLONS
---Mythic/Rational Mutation---
(1000 BC-1400 AD)
62
---Mythic/Rational Mutation--- (1000 BC-1400 AD)
OVERVIEW
Progressive Differentiation between Biosphere and Noosphere.
In the mythic/rational stage of development, the mind has significantly
differentiated from nature and the body, creating a schism between self and world. The
organism, for the first time, begins to experience the “human condition” as an
“insufferable state of sin, exile, or delusion” (Wilber, Up from Eden, pg. 134).
63
---Mythic/Rational Mutation--- (1000 BC-1400 AD)
PHYSIOLOGY
• Increasing levels of neocortical activation (See Figure 4.4A)
NEOCORTICAL ACTIVATION
Rational Brain-
Conscious Thought
Language
Spatial Awareness
Table 4.4A- Mythic/Rational Physiology: Neocortical Activation.
64
---Mythic/Rational Mutation--- (1000 BC-1400 AD)
ONTOLOGY
COGNITIVE STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
Concrete Operational. (See Figure 4.4B)
65
---Mythic/Rational Mutation--- (1000 BC-1400 AD)
ONTOLOGY
INDIVIDUAL IDENTITY
Late Ego Formation. (See Figure 4.4C)
In the mythic/rational stage of development, the organism completely identifies
with its interior and turns towards the world of objects; the ego-structure emerges and
the subject finds himself in confrontation with an alien world, a dualism which must be
bridged by a synthesis in thought.
From To
EGO FORMATION LATE EGO FORMATION
Greater distinction between self Even greater distinction
and environment between self and environment
Greater distinction between Even greater distinction
subject and object, inner and between subject and object,
outer inner and outer
Subtle distinction between body Greater distinction between
and mind body and mind
Table 4.4C- Mythic/Rational Identity (Individual): Late Ego Formation.
66
---Mythic/Rational Mutation--- (1000 BC-1400 AD)
ONTOLOGY
PERCEPTION OF SPACE AND TIME
3-Dimensional (Elementary). (See Figure 4.4D)
In the magical/mythic stage of development, the organism is unaware of past,
present and future; time had not yet been spatialized and was devoid of directionality.
The emerging rational mind (capable of deductive reasoning) mentally splits apart the
rhythms of cyclical, polar reality, breaking its fusion with natural temporocity. This marks
the birth of directed, linear “time” (-to “divide”, to ”take apart”) (See Figure 4.4E) and
objectified, Euclidian space, both of which man will attempt to conquer with his thinking.
23
Duality: the doctrine that reality consists of two basic, opposed, and irreducible
principles that account for all that exists.
67
---Mythic/Rational Mutation--- (1000 BC-1400 AD)
IDEOLOGY
COSMOLOGY
Celestial.
In the mythic/rational stage of development, the self rises above nature forming a
rift between the organism and the rest of the cosmos. Since origin is no longer
experienced directly, it must be somewhere “beyond” the physical- it must be
metaphysical. Such metaphysical dualism is evident in the spatial dualism of late Greek
and medieval cosmologies: their essential feature was the belief that the terrestrial,
physical domain of humans was qualitatively distinct from the celestial, sacred domain
of the planets and stars.
68
---Mythic/Rational Mutation--- (1000 BC-1400 AD)
IDEOLOGY
COSMOLOGY (Cont.)
From To
CHTHONIC CELESTIAL
2-Dimensional: 3-Dimensional:
Universe spatialized “Music of the Spheres”
according to polar
conception of earth and Geocentric
sky
Spirits reside within Metaphysical- spirit
manifest world resides beyond
manifest world
Heterogeneous space
Spatial dualism-
Distinct realms for
physical (terrestrial)
and sacred (celestial)
space
Universe as an
instrument
Spheres
geometrically
(harmonically)
related
Mythologies of rhythmic, Linear:
cyclical time Temporally directed
cosmologies: creation,
the beginning of time,
subsequent fall, work of
evolutionary restoration
Static Universe
Table 4.4E- Mythic/Rational Cosmology: Celestial.
69
---Mythic/Rational Mutation--- (1000 BC-1400 AD)
IDEOLOGY
DIETY
Father God. (See Figure 4.4I)
A monotheistic, metaphysical God is the spiritual counterpart of the awakened
ego. Humans are “here”, god is “there”- the two no longer stand as polar
correspondences or complements, but in dualistic opposition.
From To
MOTHER GODDESS FATHER GOD
Matriarchal Patriarchal
(Dominated) (Entirely)
Polytheistic Monotheistic
Goddess/God as natural God as a mental
elements (Earth, sun, abstraction
constellations)
Spirits reside within Metaphysical
manifest world (Spirit elevated to the
“heavens”- beyond the
physical domain)
Humanity a part of God as separate from
cosmic perpetuation humanity, divine and
(Fertility rites, man and all-powerful perfection
woman) outside of space and
time. Humans with
independent “souls”
severed from source.
Table 4.4F- Mythic/Rational Deity: Father God.
70
---Mythic/Rational Mutation--- (1000 BC-1400 AD)
IDEOLOGY
COLLECTIVE IDENTITY
Socio/World-Centric.
In the mythic/rational stage of development, rationality provides the framework to
evolve beyond the conflicting mythologies of socio-centric chiefdoms into a world-centric
social structure based on mutual understandings. Collective identity is secured by way
of doctrines with a universal claim; religions emerge, which place humanity in relation to
a supreme, transcendental God or universal essence.
71
---Mythic/Rational Mutation--- (1000 BC-1400 AD)
MORPHOLOGY
URBAN MORPHOLOGY
Feudal Empires/Early Nations.
Mythologies, propped up by rationality, form the feudal empires and early nations
which attempt to conquer as many people as possible. Since such mythologies can not
be supported entirely by shared evidence, they are supported imperialistically by the
military. Empires with conflicting ideologies are incompatible with one another and
maintain no diplomatic relations.
From To
EARLY PERMANENT FEUDAL EMPIRES/
SETTLEMENTS EARLY NATIONS
Population Population
100’s-1000’s 100,000’s-1,000,000’s
(10,000BC-5,000 BC) (1,000BC-1400AD)
To CHEIFDOMS
Population
1,000’S-10,000’S
(5,000 BC-3,000 BC)
To CITY-STATES
Population
10,000-100,000
(3,000BC-1,000 BC)
Table 4.4H- Mythic/Rational Urban Morphology: Feudal Empires/Early Nations.
72
---Mythic/Rational Mutation--- (1000 BC-1400 AD)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY
From To
CHTHONIC OBJECT CELESTIAL OBJECT
General
The Use of Symbolism.
Mythic/rational consciousness is for the most part, still pre-rational- truth is based
on the doctrines of religion and is inherently unscientific. The architecture of the pre-
modern era is adorned with symbolic figures-statues, sculptural decoration, and murals-
which detail the myths of creation and their implied significance for humanity.
A Sacred Order: Geometry, Ratio, and Proportion.
The architecture of the Greek and Medieval periods symbolized the sacred
harmony of the cosmos. The "music of the spheres" vibrated through the world- when
humanity made earthly architecture according to the ratio of the heavens, they
participated in the harmony of the universe. Their temples and Cathedrals intended to
bridge the separation between humans and deity, to bring God and celestial harmony
closer to earthly life.
73
---Mythic/Rational Mutation--- (1000 BC-1400 AD)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY (Cont.)
74
Deity Zeus, God of Temples dedicated to the
Thunder and 12 Gods
Sky- Ruler of (i.e. Athena Parthenos)
the 12 Gods of Each city associated with
Olympus a God/Goddess
(i.e. Athens)
Table 4.4J- Case Study- The Greek Temple (The Celestial Object).
75
---Mythic/Rational Mutation--- (1000 BC-1400 AD)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY (Cont.)
76
---Mythic/Rational Mutation--- (1000 BC-1400 AD)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY (Cont.)
77
dimensions convey great
glory of the Christian god
Table 4.4K- Case Study- The Gothic Cathedral (The Celestial Object).
78
---Mythic/Rational Mutation--- (1000 BC-1400 AD)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY (Cont.)
79
CHAPTER 4.5: RESULTS
CROSS-SECTIONS OF THE FOUR QUADRANTS
IN HUMAN HOLONS
---Scientific/Rational Mutation---
(1400 AD-1960AD)
80
---Scientific/Rational Mutation--- (1400 AD-1960AD)
OVERVIEW
Differentiation/Disassociation between Biosphere and Noosphere
In the scientific-rational stage of development, the mind completely crystallizes
from the body; they become so differentiated that they tend towards disassociation.
81
---Scientific/Rational Mutation--- (1400 AD-1960AD)
PHYSIOLOGY
• Dominated by left hemisphere of neocortex (See Figure 4.5A)
82
---Scientific/Rational Mutation--- (1400 AD-1960AD)
ONTOLOGY
STAGE OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Formal Operational. (See Figure 4.5B)
83
---Scientific/Rational Mutation--- (1400 AD-1960AD)
ONTOLOGY
INDIVIDUAL IDENTITY
Fully Developed Ego Structure.
In the scientific/rational stage of development, the conscious subject continues to
experience itself as standing apart from the contents or “objects” of his awareness. This
rigid dichotomy between the subject and the “external”, objective world of form provides
the framework for rational thought- all valid knowledge consists of the subject making
internal maps of the one true external world. (See Figure 4.5C)
From To
LATE EGO FORMATION FULLY DEVELOPED
EGO STRUCTURE
Even greater distinction between Complete distinction/disassociation
self and environment between self and environment
Even greater distinction between Complete distinction/disassociation
subject and object, interior and between subject and object, interior
exterior and exterior
Greater distinction between body Complete distinction/disassociation
and mind between mind and body
(Cartesian)
Table 4.5C- Scientific-Rational Identity (Individual): The Fully Developed Ego Structure.
84
---Scientific/Rational Mutation--- (1400 AD-1960AD)
ONTOLOGY
PERCEPTION OF SPACE AND TIME
3-Dimensional (Advanced).
The scientific-rational stage of development masters perspectival vision and
representation. Two lines extend from the eyes and meet at the object being viewed;
the image formed by the isolated sector locates the subject, the object, and the space
in-between. Such distance between humans and world is an indication of fully
developed, objectified, ego-consciousness; experience is confined to a linear sequence
of fragmented spatial segments. (See Figure 4.5D)
85
---Scientific/Rational Mutation--- (1400 AD-1960AD)
IDEOLOGY
COSMOLOGY
Mechanistic.
86
---Scientific/Rational Mutation--- (1400 AD-1960AD)
IDEOLOGY
COSMOLOGY (Cont.)
A Mechanical Universe
The modern universe is conceived as a static, Euclidean space extending equally
in all directions, holding small and indestructible parts. Each object is a concrete,
material entity, inpenetratable and separate, connecting to other objects through
external forces of power and influence. These parts interact in determined, causal ways,
like gears in a machine (See Figure 4.5H).
87
---Scientific/Rational Mutation--- (1400 AD-1960AD)
IDEOLOGY
COSMOLOGY (Cont.)
From To
CELESTIAL MECHANISTIC
3-Dimensional: 3-Dimensional:
“Music of the Spheres” Collapse of “Heavenly
Spheres”
Geocentric Heliocentric
Metaphysical Metaphysical
Heterogeneous space Homogenous space
Spatial dualism- Spatial Monism-
Distinct realms for Unification of terrestrial
physical (terrestrial) and celestial space
and sacred (celestial)
space
Space an inert, passive
arena, unaffected by
objects it contains
Universe as an Universe as machine
instrument
Spheres
geometrically
(harmonically)
related
Linear: Linear:
Temporally directed Scientific twist
cosmologies: creation, Creation: Big Bang
the beginning of time, Evolution: Darwinian
subsequent fall, work of
evolutionary restoration
Cosmological principle:
properties of space and
time same absolute
and universal, rate of
change invariant at all
locations
88
---Scientific/Rational Mutation--- (1400 AD-1960AD)
IDEOLOGY
DIETY
Atheistic.
Scientific-rational consciousness is skeptical of all supernatural beings and cites
a lack of empirical evidence for the of existence deities.
From To
FATHER GOD ATHESTIC
Patriarchal Atheism
(Entirely)
Monotheistic Skepticism-
God as a mental Lack of empirical
abstraction evidence of
Metaphysical supernatural being(s)
(Elevated to the
“heavens”- beyond the Denial of all irrational
physical domain) knowledge claims
God as separate from (both pre-rational and
humanity, divine and post-rational)
all-powerful perfection
outside of space and
time. Humans with
independent “souls”
severed from source.
Table 4.5F- Scientific-Rational Deity: Atheistic.
89
---Scientific/Rational Mutation--- (1400 AD-1960AD)
IDEOLOGY
COLLECTIVE IDENTITY
World-Centric (Exclusive).
In the scientific/rational stage of development, increasing levels of rationality
provide the framework to break with the all-encompassing grip of religious myth and
determine that which is universal and eternal through the scientific method. Blind faith in
authority and religious dogmas which claim divine support are abandoned- everything is
questioned, examined, and explored logically. The rational sciences and philosophy
(both of which depend on reason as a platform) emerge. Truth is not forced or
ideologically imposed, but is available to anyone who wishes to share evidence. This
secures a common and mutual understanding for people of all colors, races, and
creeds.
90
---Scientific/Rational Mutation--- (1400 AD-1960AD)
MORPHOLOGY
URBAN MORPHOLOGY
Globalized Nations (Exclusive).
In the scientific/rational stage of development, rationality frees social systems
from particular, divisive mythologies; church and state are separated and a global
market economy emerges, all grounded in universalistic reason and global forms of
intellectual intercourse. Primitive social structures, on the other hand, are considered
“irrational” and are repressed, preventing a truly “world culture” from emerging.
From To
FEUDAL EMPIRES/ GLOBALIZED
EARLY NATIONS NATIONS
Population Population
100,000’s-1,000,000’s 1,000,000’S-10,000,000
(1,000BC-1400AD) (1400AD-1900AD)
Table 4.5H- Scientific-Rational Urban Morphology: Globalized Nations (Exclusive).
91
---Scientific/Rational Mutation--- (1400 AD-1960AD)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY
From To
SACRED/MYTHIC OBJECT MECHANISTIC OBJECT
The Greek Temple
The Gothic Cathedral International Style
Table 4.5I- Scientific-Rational Architectural Morphology.
General
Modern Architecture: The Project of the New.
In attempt to break with the mythic consciousness of the pre-modern era, modern
architecture denies all traditional metaphysics and explicit reference to inherited or
conventional meaning. Its objective is to transcend regional, national and continental
identity and reference only universals, pure rationality, and absolute truth. Traditional
forms are erased and replaced with a new, rational order.
92
---Scientific/Rational Mutation--- (1400 AD-1960AD)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY (Cont.)
93
reference
Table 4.5I- Case Study- The International Style (The Mechanistic Object).
94
---Scientific/Rational Mutation--- (1400 AD-1960AD)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY (Cont.)
95
CHAPTER 4.6: RESULTS
CROSS-SECTIONS OF THE FOUR QUADRANTS
IN HUMAN HOLONS
---Pluralistic Mutation---
(1960-Present)
96
---Pluralistic Mutation--- (1960-Present)
OVERVIEW
Attempts for Reconciliation between the Biosphere and the Noosphere.
In the pluralistic stage of development, the rifts between the biosphere and the
noosphere, the body and the mind, break down.
97
---Pluralistic Mutation--- (1960-Present)
PHYSIOLOGY
• Dominated by right hemisphere of neocortex (See Figure 4.6A)
From To
NEOCORTEX LEFT HEMISPHERE RIGHT HEMISPHERE
Rational Abstract
Rational Brain- Logical Intuitive
Conscious Analytical/Reductionistic Holistic
Thought Mathematics- Mathematics-
Algebra Calculus
(Study of structure, (Study of
relation, and quantity) change/variation)
Language- Language-
Language Grammar/Vocabulary Intonation/Pragmatic
(Literal) (Contextual)
Linear Non-linear
Spatial Temporal Spatial
Awareness Cartesian/ Post-Cartesian/
Euclidian Non-Euclidian
Table 4.6A- Pluralistic Physiology: Dominated by Right Hemisphere of Neocortex.
98
---Pluralistic Mutation--- (1960-Present)
ONTOLOGY
STAGE OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Early Vision-Logic. (See Figure 4.6B)
99
---Pluralistic Mutation--- (1960-Present)
ONTOLOGY
INDIVIDUAL IDENTITY
Transcending Ego.
In the scientific-rational stage of development, the world is “out there”. This
detached, externalized mode emphasizes the separation and distance between the
organism and the rest of the cosmos. The pluralistic stage of consciousness challenges
the Cartesian dualism and enlightenment epistemology, suggesting that the rational
mind (the “mapmaker”) is not a disengaged, fully autonomous subject who represents
an objective, empirical world- he is a performance of that which he seeks to know.
From To
FULLY DEVELOPED TRANSCENDING EGO
EGO STRUCTURE
Complete distinction/disassociation Questioning
between self and environment distinction between self and environment
Complete distinction/disassociation Questioning
between subject and object, interior and distinction between subject and object,
exterior interior and exterior
Complete distinction/disassociation Questioning
between mind and body distinction between mind and body
(Cartesian) (Post-Cartesian)
Table 4.6C- Pluralistic Identity (Individual): Transcending Ego.
100
---Pluralistic Mutation--- (1960-Present)
ONTOLOGY
PERCEPTION OF SPACE AND TIME
4-Dimensional (Elementary). (See Figure 4.6C)
When things are viewed in a scientific-rational, perspectival way (objectified
space experienced in linear time) reality is rendered in detached, 3-dimensional,
temporal fragments/perspectives (slices of “presence”). Pluralistic consciousness
deconstructs objective space (See Figure 4.6D) and plasticizes linear time (See Figure
4.6E); crystallized forms unfold into the temporal domain of 4-dimensional space.
101
---Pluralistic Mutation--- (1960-Present)
IDEOLOGY
COSMOLOGY
Relativistic.
General Relativity
The modern “cosmological principle” stated that the properties of the universe
were the same at all locations. Time was considered absolute and universal, its rate of
change forever invariant. Space was a passive arena- the formal background of the
universe- homogenous, inert, and unaffected by the objects it contained.
The theory of general relativity overthrows absolute notions of space and time,
unifying the two constructs into a dynamic, cosmological terrain which is bent by the
presence of the objects it contains. Relativistic space-time is nothing like a machine- it is
a heterogeneous, plastic medium subject to transformation. (See Figure 4.6F).
Special Relativity
In the Newtonian model, time and space exist independently of the subject. At
any given moment, a simultaneous occurrence of events takes place in an absolute
frame-of-action. The theory of special relativity suggests that the properties of space-
time are functions of a particular frame of reference- when and where an event takes
place, as well as the way that it appears, depend on that observers relative velocity to
the universal constant- the speed of light (c).
At 5 mph, an observer will experience time as a linear sequence of past, present
and future (See Figure 4.6G) and space as expanded and 3-dimensional (See Figure
4.6H); from this frame of reference, all objects appear 3-dimesional and fixed (See
Figure 4.6I). As an observer approaches the speed of light the temporal dimension
expands to include more and more of the eternal present (See Figure 4.6J) and the
spatial dimension collapses (See Figure 4.6K); the three-dimensional object contracts
into a two-dimensional, flat plane, then into a one-dimensional, flat line, and then
ceases to exhibit spatial extension (Shlain 34). (See Figure 4.6L)
Special relativity reveals that there is no absolute coordinate system at rest, no
fixed frame-of-reference in the universe that can be considered absolute- everything of
substance exists relative to everything else. There are an infinite number of ways that
the world can be seen and each is equally valid.
102
---Pluralistic Mutation--- (1960-Present)
IDEOLOGY
COSMOLOGY (Cont.)
From To
MECHANISTIC RELATIVISTIC
3-Dimensional: 4-Dimensional
Collapse of “Heavenly Space-time
Spheres”
Heliocentric A-centric
Metaphysical “Death of metaphysics”
No divine order
Homogenous space Heterogeneous Space
Spatial Monism-
Unification of terrestrial
and celestial space
Space an inert, passive Space a plastic
arena, unaffected by medium, bent by the
objects it contains objects it contains
Universe as machine Universe as
cosmological terrain
Linear Time:
Scientific twist
Creation: Big Bang
Evolution: Darwinian Properties of space-
Cosmological principle: time a function of frame
properties of space and of reference
time same absolute and
universal, rate of
change invariant at all
locations
Static Universe Expanding universe
Table 4.6E- Pluralistic Cosmology: Relativistic.
103
---Pluralistic Mutation--- (1960-Present)
IDEOLOGY
DIETY
Nihilistic.
Nihilism denies the absolute values and meta-narratives upon which western
culture has based it’s “truths”; it argues that all meaning is constructed and that
existence is without objective purpose or intrinsic value.
From To
ATHEISTIC NIHILISTIC
Atheism Nihilism-
Existence is without meaning,
purpose and value
“Death of God”
“Death of Metaphysics”
No divine/cosmic order
No absolute values or truths
Nothing can be known
Skepticism- No reasonable proof or argument
Lack of empirical for the existence of a higher
evidence of creator. If one does exist,
supernatural being(s humanity has no obligation to
worship them.
Denial of all irrational
knowledge claims
(both pre-rational and
post-rational)
Table 4.6F- Pluralistic Deity: Nihilistic.
104
---Pluralistic Mutation--- (1960-Present)
IDEOLOGY
COLLECTIVE IDENTITY
World-Centric (Inclusive).
Pluralistic consciousness recognizes that all perceptions of the world are highly
nuanced; it posits that there are no norms of reason that transcend what is accepted by
a society or an epoch- all knowledge is partial and no one interpretation is superior to
another. Rather than allowing only one (rational) structure to be valid, all structures are
recognized, presented, and accepted as relativistically valid.
105
---Pluralistic Mutation--- (1960-Present)
MORPHOLOGY
URBAN MORPHOLOGY
Globalized Nations (Inclusive).
Pluralistic consciousness transcends a purely rational orientation; all structures of
knowledge are considered equal and all cultures, from primitive to modern, are
accepted. This enables, for the first time in history, the emergence of a truly inclusive
world culture.
From To
GLOBALIZED GLOBALIZED
NATIONS NATIONS
(EXCLUSIVE) (INCLUSIVE)
Population Population
100,000’s-1,000,000’s 1,000,000’s-100,000,000’s
Table 4.6H- Pluralistic Urban Morphology: Globalized Nations (Inclusive).
106
---Pluralistic Mutation--- (1960-Present)
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY
From To To
MECHANISTIC PLURALISTIC/ TOPOLOGICAL
OBJECT DECONSTRUCTED EVENT
OBJECT
107
---Pluralistic Mutation--- (1960-Present)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY (Cont.)
108
---Pluralistic Mutation--- (1960-Present)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY (Cont.)
109
---Pluralistic Mutation--- (1960-Present)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY (Cont.)
110
---Pluralistic Mutation--- (1960-Present)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY (Cont.)
111
---Pluralistic Mutation--- (1960-Present)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY (Cont.)
112
---Pluralistic Mutation--- (1960-Present)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY (Cont.)
113
INTERLUDE: THE THEOSPHERE
BEYOND HUMAN HOLONS:
EMERGENTS IN ALL FOUR QUADRANTS
We are currently witnessing a major reorganization of our cognitive field; the integral
structure of consciousness is emerging and will manifest in all four quadrants. (See
Figure 4.7A)
NOOSPHERE THEOSPHERE
24
Conscious Artifact: An artificially created entity that has acquired consciousness or
sentience
114
CHAPTER 4.7: RESULTS
CROSS-SECTIONS OF THE FOUR QUADRANTS
IN HUMAN HOLONS
---Integral Mutation---
(Unfolding)
115
---Integral Mutation--- (Unfolding)
OVERVIEW
The Emergence of the Theosphere: Transcending and Including the Biosphere and the
Noosphere.
In the integral stage of development, the biosphere and the noosphere, the body
and the mind, are mediated in a state of higher and deeper union; this results in the
enaction of the theosphere- realm of incarnated “divinity”- in which the distance between
subject and object becomes transparent to itself and spirit directly and consciously
recognizes itself as spirit.
116
---Integral Mutation--- (Unfolding)
PHYSIOLOGY
• Integration/synthesis of right and left hemispheres of neocortex (See Figure
4.7B)
INTEGRAL (SYNTHESIS)
Rational Abstract
Rational Logical Intuitive
Brain- Analytical/Reductionistic Holistic
Conscious Mathematics- Mathematics-
Thought Algebra Calculus
(Study of structure, (Study of change/variation)
relation, and quantity)
Language- Language-
Language Grammar/Vocabulary Intonation/Pragmatic
(Literal) (Contextual)
Linear Non-linear
Spatial Temporal Spatial
Awareness Cartesian/ Post-Cartesian/
Euclidian Non-Euclidian
Table 4.7B- Integral Physiology: Integration of Right and Left Hemispheres of Neocortex.
117
---Integral Mutation--- (Unfolding)
ONTOLOGY
COGNITIVE STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
Late Vision-Logic.
118
---Integral Mutation--- (Unfolding)
ONTOLOGY
INDIVIDUAL IDENTITY
Transpersonal/Integrative.
In the integral stage of development, absolute subjectivity (emphasized in the
pluralistic stage of development) and absolute objectivity (emphasized in the
scientific/rational stage) are united again in one absoluteness, one timeless act of self-
knowledge, a direct intuition which is not mediated through concept or form. The
distance between subject and object, mind and body, becomes transparent to itself as
the subject moves into expressive unity with the world, simultaneously retaining self-
consciousness and autonomous will (personal consciousness) while uniting in a
communion with the larger order (transpersonal consciousness). Identity is no longer
limited to the finite “self”: there is no constriction of consciousness to the head, no
binding of attention to the personal body; rather, consciousness becomes one with all
that is arising- a vast, open, transparent, radiant, infinitely free and full expanse that
embraces the entirety of the manifest world (See Figure 4.7C).
From To
TRANSCENDING EGO TRANSCENDING EGO
Questioning distinction between self Distinction between self and environment
and environment becomes transparent
Questioning distinction between subject Distinction between subject and object,
and object, interior and exterior interior and exterior becomes transparent
Questioning distinction between mind Distinction between mind and body
and body becomes transparent
(Post-Cartesian) (Post-Cartesian)
Table 4.7D- Integral Identity (Individual): Transcending Ego.
119
---Integral Mutation--- (Unfolding)
ONTOLOGY
PERCEPTION OF SPACE AND TIME
4-Dimensional (Advanced).
The integral structure of consciousness25 transcends and includes all historically
proceeding structure; it integrates all spatial and temporal modes and the actualities
which they make perceptible (1-dimensional timelessness, 2-dimensional temporicity,
and 3-dimensional time) into a space-and-time free, unfixed, aperspectival world where
the free consciousness has at its disposal all latent and actual forms of space and time,
without having to deny them or be subject to them. Reality is grasped in its plastic
structure; what was conceived opaque, crystallized, 3-dimensional, and time-bound
becomes transparent, right down to the pre-conscious pre-spatiotemporal origin. The
world of form is perceived the expression of spirit becoming.
From To
4-DIMENSIONAL 4-DIMENSIONAL
(ELEMENTARY) (ADVANCED)
PERSPECTIVE Multiperspectival: Aperspectival:
Considers various Includes all possible
deformations and deformations and
configurations of 3- configurations of 3-
dimensional space in time dimensional space in
time
Free consciousness has
at its disposal all latent
modes of
spatiotemporality
OBJECTHOOD Subject co-creates Subject enacts specific
objects of awareness kinds of objects at
various stages in its
development
SPACE Breaks down dichotomy The distance between
of interior and exterior subject and object
becomes transparent
Counterposes Morphogenetic
preconceived notions of Becoming
space and structure; Emergence
Spatial plasticity
Unfolding into the
temporal dimension
25
Integral: necessary for the completion of the whole. The integral structure of
consciousness integrates all previous structures of consciousness into a composite
whole. (See Figure 4.7D)
120
TIME Concretion of time- Achronicity
Time as spatial dimension Omnipresence
121
---Integral Mutation--- (Unfolding)
IDEOLOGY
COSMOLOGY
Hyperspatial.
All relative perspectives and selves are manifestations of a fundamentally unified,
entangled field of intelligence- a background connective tissue tying together the world’s
diverse phenomenon. This complex unity unfolds in a nested hierarchy of increasingly
inclusive dimensions which are maintained through the process of self-organizing,
dynamic systems (holons) that channel or metabolize energy from the environment as a
method of developing and maintaining spatiotemporal organization. Evolution can either
precede syntropically upwards to more organized, complex and conscious structures,
culminating in the actualization of the Godhead itself or it can tend retrogressively
towards disorder (complex systems dissolving into subholons). (See Figures 4.7E and
4.7F)
From To
RELATIVISTIC HYPERSPATIAL
4-Dimensional Multidimensional-
Space-time Dimensions organized
in orders of complexity
A-centric A-centric
“Death of metaphysics” “Sacred”, holonic,
No divine order integral order
Heterogeneous Space Heterogeneous space
Space a plastic Space a plastic
medium, bent by the medium, enacted by
objects it contains the subjects
(consciousness) it
contains
Universe as Universe as a
cosmological terrain morphogenetic
superorganism
122
---Integral Mutation--- (Unfolding)
IDEOLOGY
DIETY
Self-Actualized (God Becoming).
The integral structure requires a drastic revision of traditional monotheistic
concepts of a supernatural deity as the sole creator of the cosmos. The integral cosmos
is a morphogenetic, self-creating, self-organizing and self-renewing system; each
organism, at each juncture in the cosmic cycle, is responsible for a small but possibly
indispensable contribution to the overall process of cosmic becoming. (See Figure
4.7G)
123
---Integral Mutation--- (Unfolding)
IDEOLOGY
COLLECTIVE IDENTITY
Being-Centric.
In the integral stage of development, the individual realizes that each structure of
consciousness is an integral part of their compound individuality; identification with a
particular perspective is transcended as attention turns from concern with cultural
inflections to the emergence of the next level cultural complexity: a transpersonal
“supermind”.
From To
WORLD-CENTRIC BEING-CENTRIC
(INCLUSIVE) (EMERGENT)
124
---Integral Mutation--- (Unfolding)
MORPHOLOGY
URBAN MORPHOLOGY
Supranational Organization of Planetary Intelligence.
All of today’s tribes, cultures and nations trace their lineage back in an unbroken
fashion to the primal tribal holons upon which a human family tree was built. Their
original breakthrough- to rise above nature and begin creating the noopshere- was the
inception of the very process that would bind all of the people of the world together,
gradually and incrementally building an immense superstructure of matter and mind that
would creating the scaffolding for the next great leap upwards in the ongoing
ascendance of consciousness: the supranational organization of planetary intelligence.
From To
GLOBALIZED SUPRANATIONAL
NATIONS ORGANIZATION
(INCLUSIVE) (EMERGENT)
Population Population
1,000,000’s-100,000,000’s 100,000,000’S-1,000,000,000’S +
Table 4.7I- Integral Urban Morphology: Supranational Organization of Planetary Consciousness.
125
---Integral Mutation--- (Unfolding)
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY
From From To
PLURALISTIC/ TOPOLOGICAL MORPHOGENETIC
DECONSTRUCTED EVENT EVENT
OBJECT
Postmodernism
Deconstructivism Topology Genetic Architecture
Table 4.7J- Integral Architectural Morphology.
.
126
---Integral Mutation---
(Unfolding)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY (Cont.)
26
Apotheosis: (Greek for “to Deify”), glorification to a divine level.
127
Cosmology Evolutionary Using algorithmic design
processes to generate
autonomous forms that grown
and learn
Deity Non-dual Morphogenesis as the
“God philosophical basis of design
Becoming”
Table 4.JK- Case Study- Genetic Architecture (The Morphogenetic Event)
128
---Integral Mutation--- (Unfolding)
MORPHOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL MORPHOLOGY (Cont.)
27
Artificial: made by humans.
28
Artificial Intelligence: the study and design of human-made, intelligent systems which
perceive their environment and take actions to optimize their chance of success.
29
Artificial Life: a new science based on the hypothesis that the biochemical processes
that energize living matter are actually elaborate forms of computation that are
susceptible to simulation in computers.
129
Successive variations of genetic data create biomass of increasing structural
complexity
The Application
The integration of scripting language into CAD applications has enabled
visualization of objects using algorithmic transformations based on
circumstantial parameters. Forms and structures can be evolved in
morphogenetic processes within computational environments.
ADA Space. (ETH) (See Figure 4.7J)
In ADA space, each visitor entering the space is given a unique ID
number. Lights within interactive floor tiles form a visual tracking system;
sounds are created in response to the movement of the visitors. The
architectural experience is the outcome of the process of running a script
in site-specific and time-specific environment with circumstantial
parametric values.
BIOS (the principle)
Contextually responsive structural elements
Application:
Pressurized soft volumes are defined by a mesh of tensile, industrial
“muscles” which change length, height and width in response to changing
wind loads in real-time.
Industrial Muscles. (The Festo Company). (See Figure 4.7K)
BIOS (the principle)
Adaptive forms, climatic responses
Organisms are bundles of relationships that maintain themselves by adjusting
their own behavior in anticipation or response to the changing patterns of activity
around them.
Application:
Complex, interacting structures slide gently in relation to one another; they
are activated by a script which produces different values for the speed and
extent of the movements in real time (informed by climatic change).
Graphisoft Slider. (ONL) (See Figure 4.7L)
The Grafisoft Slider can produce an endless variety of configurations for a
variety of purposes. Programmatic elements include a photovoltaic cover,
a cage, sunscreens, a living box, a media box, a kitchen cloud, and a
sanitary cloud.
Tower of Winds. (Toyo Ito). (See Figure 4.7M)
The Tower of Winds is covered in acrylic mirrors with over a thousand light
bulbs inserted among twelve neon rings with aluminum panels and 30
reflectors at the base. The lights are programmed by a computer to
reproduce various designs that arrive from information gathered from the
surrounding environment. The surfaces of the panels appear solid or
translucent depending on the orientation of the reflectors which vary in
response to the direction of the wind.
BIOS (the principle)
Fractal growth.
130
Fractals are geometric patterns that are repeated at ever smaller scales to
produce irregular shapes and surfaces that cannot be represented by classical
geometry. Fractals are used especially in computer modeling of irregular patterns
and structures in nature.
Application:
In recent years, the underlying logic and mathematics of nature’s forms
are being understood. These can serve as a generative for architectural
design.
L-Systems. (Aristid Lindenmayer) (See Figure 4.7N)
In the 1960’s, theoretical biologist and botanist Aristid Lindenmayer
proposed a string-rewriting algorithm which formalizes the mathematical
structure of the processes of self-organizing systems. The algorithm
models the evolutionary growth of plants and a variety of organisms; by
increasing the recursion level, the form slowly “grows” and becomes more
complex.
BIOS (the principle)
Biological forms adapt to changing climatic conditions through transformations of
Cartesian coordinate systems.
For example, the form of the puffer fish can evolve into that of an ocean sunfish
by a transformation of the rectangular coordinate system in (A) (red dots) into a
curvilinear system in (B) that "stretches" the posterior portion of the fish.
Application:
Architectural forms adapt to changing climatic conditions through
transformations of Cartesian coordinate systems.
The “Hyposurface”. (Mark Goulthorpe). (See Figure 4.7O)
HypoSurface uses powerful 'information bus' technology to control
thousands of moving actuators which form and deform a pliable surface.
Any input, such as sound or movement, can be linked to any output. The
surface behaves like a precisely controlled liquid: waves, patterns, logos,
and text emerge and fade continually within its dynamic surface, evoking
the transformative logic of biological systems.
131
CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION
LIMITATIONS OF STUDY
LIMITATIONS OF STUDY
Due to the time constraints of this project, generalizations and oversimplifications
have been made. Future work will address the following shortcomings:
Definitive Structures
132
This study outlined the primary characteristics of each major structure of
consciousness in isolation and identified the correlative architectural style which best
exemplifies it. More often than not, however, structures of consciousness blend into
and overlap one another. As such, morphologies are often hybrids which reflect several
ideologies simultaneously. For example, although international style epitomizes the
scientific-rational structure of consciousness, not all architecture produced in the
modern period denies context. Alvar Alto, an architect of the early 20th century, rejected
the machine aesthetic and evidenced consideration of both terrain and climate in his
designs (a characteristic of pluralistic consciousness). Future work will focus on
contextualizing the nuances found within each major epoch.
Urban Morphology
While this study addresses the urban scale by evidencing increasingly inclusive
and complex social structures through the course of human evolution, it does not look
specifically into the relationship between prevailing consciousness structures and urban
design. Future work will address the following questions: Is there a relationship between
the maturation of the ego-structure in the height of scientific-rational consciousness and
the atomization of individual building elements in modern urbanism? Does postmodern
urbanism, in its efforts to consider building elements as part of a larger system,
evidence a logic which echoes transpersonal consciousness? If an integral
consciousness structure does infact emerge, how will this translate into urban form?
How might we vision the “supranational organization of planetary consciousness”?
133
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION
THE BODY OF THE GODDESS
“Spiritual perfection and material synthesis are two aspects or connected parts of one
and the same phenomenon."- Tielhard De Chardin (Chardin 56).
134
CHAPTER 7: FUTURE WORK
WHAT IS THE BASIS OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL
ORGANIZATION?
Evolution
: Self-transcendence through self-organization (See Figure 7A)
There is a single pattern- a cosmic “code”- that governs the development and
complexification of all domains of existence. Future research will be directed towards
understanding and modeling the dynamics of this principle. Topics of exploration will
include evolutionary morphology, developmental biology, genetics, autopoietic/systems
theory, geometry (particularly phi) and its role in self-organization and growth, fractals,
and the use of digital programs to model morphogenetic algorithms/architectures.
Of particular interest is the relationship between the I Ching (an ancient text on
“becoming” based on the arrangement of 64 hexagrams), DNA (a genetic code for
“becoming” based on the arrangement of 64 codons) and feng shui (an eastern
methodology of space planning based on the arrangement of the 64 hexagrams of the I
Ching). (See Appendix A).
135
APPENDIX A: FUTURE WORK
SCRIPTURA UNIVERSALIS
A MORPHOGENETIC SCRIPT
Both the genetic code and the I Ching claim to contain the fundamental spatial
and temporal principles of ordering, variation and change which govern the developing
organization and formative processes of all levels of structure.
Fundemantal Structure
Two strands, one positive and one negative, are joined together at regular
intervals. Each rung of the helix consists of a base or “letter” (of which there are four):
Thymine (T), Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G). Three rungs of bases
(“letters”) create a codon, or genetic “word” (A-A-A, A-C-G, G-C-A etc.); there are 64
possible combinations of these letters (64 possible “words”), each of which has a
recognized meaning. One very precisely defined sequence of hundreds of such codons
(“words”) contain the instructions needed for the synthesis of an amino acid, the building
block of every living creature. The sum total of all of these code words is the “blueprint”
for producing a whole specific plant, animal, or human body with all of its
characteristics. (See Figures A.1 and A.2)
Fundamental Structure
The two polar forces of yin and yang, one negative and one positive (See Figure
A.3), are joined together in four possible digrams or “letters”: old yin, new yin, old yang,
young yang (See Figure A.4). Each of these correspond to a specific base or “letter” of
the genetic code (See Figure A.5) When the digrams are taken three at a time, they
form the 64 hexagrams of the I Ching (See Figure A.6). The meanings of the
136
hexagrams correspond to the 64 codons or “words” of the genetic code (See Figure
A.7) which specify the synthesis of a particular amino acid (See Figure A.8).
137
results (amino acid formation) results (predicting events)
Table A.1- Comparisons between the Genetic Code and the I Ching.
Extracted from the work of Yan and Shonberger.
The two codes share a common philosophical attitude (both claim to depict the
deep, underlying reality behind and within which all phenomenon, structure and
experience unfold) and also share exact analogies (for example, the programming of all
of life’s processes by means of 64 code words, each consisting of consisting of four
“letters”, of which three are used at a time). Are both codes manifestations of a
common principle, a single law running through the whole of nature in its diverse
processes? Is human consciousness capable of comprehending this law of nature and
reconstructing it? Does this code form the basis for an “evolutionary”, genetic
morphology? Can the ancient art/science of Feng Shui (an eastern method of spatial
and temporal planning which is based on the arrangement of the 64 hexagrams of the I
Ching) inform this process (See Figure A.9)?
138
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Habernas, J. (1979). Communication and the evolution of society. Boston: Beacon
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141
FIGURES
142
Figure 2A- Ken Wilber’s Four Quadrant’s Model.
143
Figure 2B- The Correlative Development of Interior and Exterior Domains.
Adapted from A Brief History of Everything, pg. 57.
144
Figure 2C- The Correlative Development of Individual and Collective Domains.
Adapted from A Brief History of Everything, pg. 57.
145
Figure 2D- “Wolf”: Different Perspectives of a Sentient Being.
146
Adapted from A Brief History of Everything, pg. 57.
147
Figure 2F- Agency and Communion.
148
Figure 2G- The EMERGENCE of the Physiosphere, Biosphere, Noosphere,
and Theosphere.
149
Figure 2H- The Correlative Evolution of the Four Domains (General).
150
Figure 2I- The Correlative Evolution of the Four Domains (Specific).
151
Figure 3A- Focus of Study.
152
Figure 3B- An Adaptation of the Four Quadrant’s Model.
153
Figure 3C- Each Quadrant will be evaluated through Pre-Modern, Modern, Post-
Modern, and Integral MUTATIONS of Personal Consciousness.
154
Figure 3D- EMERGENTS of the Noosphere.
155
Figure 3E- Isomorphic Streams of Development in the Noosphere.
156
Figure 3F- The Correlative Evolution of the Four Quadrants in the Noosphere.
157
Figure 3G- Scales of Development: Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny.
158
Figure 3H- The Correlative Evolution of Personal Consciousness and Architectural
Morphology: An Overview.
159
Figure 4.1A-Homo Erectus.
Wikipedia, “Homo Erectus”, extracted October 28th, 2008.
160
Figure 4.1C- Egocentric, Survival-Based Existence.
Prehistoric Art and Civilization, pg. 19
161
Figure 4.1E- Morphologies of the Physiophere and Biosphere.
Wikipedia, “Biology”, extracted December 4th, 2008.
162
Figure 4.2B The Limbic System.
163
Figure 4.2D- Early Representation of a Human Face.
Dates back to 90,000 B.C. Indicates that elementary forms of self-consciousness have
emerged.
Prehistoric Art and Civilization, pg. 8
164
Figure 4.2F- Nomadic Tribal Structures.
Old World Archeology: Foundations for Civilization, pg. 13.
165
4.3A- Neocortical Activation.
166
4.3C- The Emergence of Symbolic Language.
3000 B.C. Sumerians created first written language. This ruptures the original unity of
humanity and nature- man becomes a master of things by naming them. It also extends
the present moment into a sequence of moments (propelling time into the future).
Old World Archeology: Foundations for Civilization, pg. 49.
167
4.3E- Athropocentric Imagery in Cave Painting.
12,000 B.C. -100 A.D. Tadrart Acacus, Libya
As consciousness grounds itself in the ego structure, cave art becomes increasingly
focused on the human figure.
Old World Archeology: Foundations for Civilization, pg. 93.
168
4.3G- Polar Awareness of Earth and Sky (Spatial).
Wikipedia, “Constellations”, extracted December 7th, 2008.
169
4.3J- Early Permanent Settlements.
Old World Archeology: Foundations for Civilization, pg. 111
170
4.4B- The Emergence of Deductive Reasoning.
Greek mathematics was much more sophisticated than the mathematics that had been
developed by earlier cultures. All surviving records of pre-Greek mathematics show the
use of inductive reasoning, that is, repeated observations used to establish rules of
thumb. Greek mathematicians, by contrast, used deductive reasoning. The Greeks used
logic to derive conclusions from definitions and axioms. Upper right: Pythagoreans
Theorem. Upper Left: One of Euclid’s postulates. Bottom: Original sketch extracted from
Euclid’s Elements.
Wikipedia, “History of Mathematics”, extracted December 5th, 2008.
171
4.4D- Spatial Depth in Greek and Medieval Sculpture and Architecture.
Left: Spatial Depth. Panatheinic Frieze at the Parthenon in Athens, Greece. 400 B.C.
Wikipedia, “Parthenon”, extracted December 5th, 2008.
Right: Early Perspective. Giotto’s “Presentation of the Virgin”. 1305 A.D.
Wikipedia, “Giotto”, extracted December 5th, 2008.
172
Figure 4.4 F- The Greek Cosmological Scheme.
Wikipedia, “Greek Cosmology”, extracted September 3rd, 2008.
173
Figure 4.4G- The Music of the Spheres.
Wikipedia, “Music of the Spheres”, extracted May 9th, 2008.
174
Figure 4.4H- The Medieval Cosmological Scheme.
Wikipedia, “Dante’s Inferno”, extracted May 6th, 2008.
175
4.4I- Father God of Heaven.
Left: The twelve Greek gods of Mount Olympus, ruled by Zeus, the god of Sky and
Thunder.
Wikipedia, “Olympian Gods”, extracted December 2nd, 2008.
Right: A depiction of the Christian Deity (medieval period).
Wikipedia, “History or Religion”, extracted December 2nd, 2008.
176
Figure 4.4L- Sculptural Ornamentation in the Parthenon: The Birth of Athena.
Wikipedia, “Parthenon”, extracted August 9th, 2008.
177
4.5A- Dominated by Left Hemispohere of Neocortex.
178
Figure 4.5D- Cartesian Depiction of Perception.
Wikipedia, “Cartesian Epistemology”, extracted April 14th, 2008.
179
Figure 4.5F- Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion.
Wikipedia, “Kepler”, extracted June 12th, 2008.
180
Figure 4.5I- La Villa Savoye. (Le Corbusier)
Wikipedia, “Villa Savoye”, extracted August 9th, 2008.
181
4.6A- Dominated by Right Hemisphere of Neocortex.
182
4.6D- The Deconstruction of Euclidian Space.
183
Figure 4.6H- A Representation of Space at 5 mph.
Art and Physics: Parallel Visions in Space, Time and Light, pg. 156.
184
Figure 4.6J- A Representation of Time as an Observer Approaches the Speed of Light.
Art and Physics: Parallel Visions in Space, Time and Light, pg.165.
185
Figure 4.6L- An Object Observed while Approaching the Speed of Light.
Art and Physics: Parallel Visions in Space, Time and Light, pg. 164.
186
Figure 4.6M- Piazza d’Italia. (Charles Moore)
Wikipedia, “Piazza d’Italia”, extracted April 9th, 2008.
187
Figure 4.6O- Portland Service Building. (Michael Graves)
Wikipedia, “Portland Service Building”, extracted February 30th, 2008.
188
Figure 4.6Q- Santa Monica Residence. (Frank Gehry)
Wikipedia, “Frank Gehry”, extracted November 6th, 2008.
189
Figure 4.6S- The Mobius House Study. Stephen Perrella and Rebecca Carpenter.
Wikipedia, “Unstudio”, extracted July 2nd, 2008.
190
4.6V- Yokohama International Port Terminal. (Foreign Office Architects)
www.arcspace.com, extracted on December 13th, 2008.
191
Figure 4.7A- EMERGENTS in the Theosphere.
192
4.7B- The Integration of the Right and Left Hemispheres of the Neocortex.
Extracted from http://lecerveau.mcgill.ca/flash/capsules/articles/triunebrain.pdf on
October 14th, 2008.
193
4.7D- Structures of Thought Integrated into a Complex Whole.
www.alexgrey.com, extracted December 10th, 2008.
194
4.7F- Space a Plastic Medium Enacted by the Subjects it Contains.
Water Crystal Studies (Dr. Masura Emoto). Suggest that human thoughts may affect the
molecular structure of water. Left: Projected thought “Love and thanks”. Right: Projected
thought “I hate you, you make me sick”.
Messages from Water, pg. 32
195
4.7H- Caltrans District 7 Headquarters Building. (Morphosis)
www.arcspace.com, extracted on December 4th, 2008.
Right: The BIOS; energy from light.
196
4.7J- ADA Space. (ETH).
www.arcspace.com, extracted on December 6th, 2008.
Right: The BIOS; code-based form.
197
4.7L- Grafisoft Slider. (ONL)
www.arcspace.com, extracted on December 6th, 2008.
Right: The BIOS; climatically responsive, adaptive forms.
198
4.7N- L-Systems. (Aristid Lindenmayer)
Wikipedia, “L-Systems”, extracted on December 8th, 2008.
Above: The BIOS; fractal growth.
199
FIGURE 7A- Evolution: Self-Transcendence through Self-Organization.
200
Figure A.1 The Fundamental Structure of the Genetic Code.
Wikipedia, “Genetic Code”, extracted on October 21st, 2008.
201
Figure A.2 Genetic Codons or ‘Words” and their Corresponding Amino Acids.
DNA and the I CHING: the Tao of Life, pg. 153.
202
Figure A.3 The Two Polarities of Ying and Yang.
203
Amino Acid (A) Adenine (C) Cytosine (G) Guanine (U) Uracil
Digram
Figure A.5 The Four “Letters” of the I Ching correspond to the Four “Letters” of the
Genetic Code.
Adapted from DNA and the I CHING: the Tao of Life.
204
Figure A.7-The Correlative Nature of the 64 Hexagrams of the I Ching and the 64
Codons of the Genetic Code.
DNA and the I CHING: the Tao of Life, pg. 108.
205
Figure A.8-The Correlative Nature of the 64 Hexagrams of the I Ching and the 20 Amino
Acids.
DNA and the I CHING: the Tao of Life, pg. 121.
206
Figure A.9- The 64 Hexagrams Arranged Spatially on Bagua Compass.
Wikipedia, “Lo Pan”, extracted August 9th, 2008.
The Lo Pan compass is used in Feng Shui.
207