Myology(Ⅰ)

Section 1 Introduction

Muscles can be divided

into the following
according to structure ：
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle

Skeletal muscle can

make contractions, it is one
part of locomotor system.
The contraction is under the
voluntary control, so it is
also called voluntary
muscles.
 More than 600 skeletal muscles
make up the muscular system

 Collectively, the skeletal muscles

account for approximately 40%
of the body weight .

 Each skeletal muscle possesses a

definite shape, structure, location
and accessory apparatus, and is
supplied by abundant blood
vessels, lymphatics and nerves,
so it can be regarded as an organ.
Ⅰ. Shape and structure of the muscle
1. Classification
According to the shape, the
muscles may be divided into:

long m.
short m .
flat m.
orbicular m.
 According to the position,
the muscles may be divided
into:

M.of head
M.of neck
M.of trunk
M. of limbs
M. of back
M. of thorax
M. of abdomen
diaphragm
2. Structure
muscle
belly
muscle belly
tendon tendon

aponeurosis

aponeurosis
Ⅱ. Origin, insertion and action of skeletal muscles
The muscular origin ( starting point or fixed point)
refers to the position which approaches to the median plane
of body or the four limbs part approaches to the proximate
attachment point, while the other extremity is insertion or
moving point.

•antagonist
•synergist
•agonist
•fixator

•Balance lever movement

•Labor-saving movement
•Velocity lever movement
 Ⅲ. Name of muscles

Shape ： trapezius ， triceps

Location ： pectoralis ， intercostals
Attachment ： sternocleidomastoid, temporalis
Size ： maximum ， minimus ， longus ， brevis
Orientation of fibers ： rectus ， transverse ， oblique
Relative position ： lateral ， medial ， internal and external
Function ： adductor, flexor, extensor, pronator, and levator
Ⅳ. Accessory structure

Ⅰ) fascia

A. superficial fascia

is found immediately
under the skin and covering
almost the entire body.
containing fat.
provides for increased
mobility of skin, and
contributes to thermal
insulation and store energy.
 B. deep fascia :
form the dense inelastic and arranged to regular
fiber membrane. may form a strong separate sheath to
muscles or the vessels and nerves.

Ⅱ ）  synovial bursa:
is found between a tendon and a bone or ligament,
or between two tendons. lubricate surface of joint.
Ⅲ ） Tendinous sheath :
is thought of as a synovial bursa that entends
around the tendon to envelop it. has two layers.
fibrous layer
visceral layer (synovial sheath of
tendon)

Ⅲ ） sesamoid bones:
often developed in the tendon and afford for a
great amount of pressure. e.g. patella.