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@ 1 atm
Tboil, B
T Tboil, A
xA, yA
T-x-y Diagram
@ 1 atm
Tboil, B
T Tboil, A
xA, yA
T-x-y Diagram
@ 1 atm
Tboil, B
T Tboil, A
xA, yA
EXAMPLE
A 1 mol/h liquid feed of 45%mol benzene in toluene at its bubble point is flashed isothermally to create a vapor containing 55%mol benzene. i) What percentage of the feed is vaporized? ii) What temperature must the flash drum be operated at? iii) If the liquid residuals are then flashed again at 376K, what is the flowrate of toluene leaving the second flash drum in the liquid bottoms?
1 0.9 0.8 380 0.7 0.6 0.5
0.4
T (K)
390 385
yB
0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 xB 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 355 350 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 xB, yB 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
T1
Q1
(steam)
T3
T3 > T2 > T1
Rectifier
y1
D, xD L, xD 1
y2
x1
2
y3 x2 xn-1
yn
n
yn+1 xn xN-2
yN-1
N-1
yN xN-1
N
xN
F, zF
B, xB
3 T3
Q3 2 T2 Q2
(water)
1 T1
(water)
Q1
(steam)
T3 < T2 < T1
Stripper
V, y1
F, zF 1
y2 x1
2
y3 ym m x2 xm-1 xm xN-2 N-1 yN N B, xB yB V
Q
ym-1
yN-1
xN-1
L, xN
Rectifier
If zF = 0.4 If xD = 0.8
Rectifier
If zF = 0.4 If xD = 0.8
Rectifier
If zF = 0.4 If xD = 0.8
Rectifier
If zF = 0.4 If xD = 0.8
Stripper
If zF = 0.5
If xB = 0.1
Stripper
If zF = 0.5
If xB = 0.1
Stripper
If zF = 0.5
If xB = 0.1
Stripper
If zF = 0.5
If xB = 0.1
EXAMPLE
F, zF
x1
x2 xm-1 xm xN-2
xN-1
L, xN
EXAMPLE (stripper)
F, zF
x1
x2 xm-1 xm xN-2
xN-1
L, xN
0.5
0.4
0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 xB 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1