Skema jawapan peperiksaan akhir ZCA101 Mekanik Klasik Semester 2, sessi 2008 2009

 6  1012 $   1 h   1 day   1 yr 
 190 years
s   3 600 s   24 h   365 days 
1. (a) i. 
 1 000 $

ii The circumference of the Earth at the equator is

2 (6.378x10 6 m)  4.01x10 7 . The length of one dollar bill is 0.155 m so
that the length of 6 trillion bills is 9.30  1011 m . Thus, the 6 trillion dollars
would encircle the Earth

9.30  1011 m
 2.32  10 4 times .
4.01  07 m

b) To balance, mFe  mAl or FeVFe  AlVAl

 4  4
Fe    rFe 3  Al    rAl 3
 3  3
1/ 3
   7.86 
1/ 3
rAl  rFe  Fe    2.00 cm   2.86 cm .
 Al   2.70 

(5 x10 7 cars )(1.6 x10 4 km / yr )

c) V153km / l   5.23 x10 9 l / yr
153km / l

(5 x10 7 cars)(1.6 x10 4 km / yr )

V160 km / l   5.0 x10 9 l / yr
160km / l

Fuel saved = V153km/l-V160km/l=2.3x108 l/yr

1 2
d) i) y fi  y  vi t  at : 4.00   1.50 vi   4.90  1.50 2 and vi  10.0 m s upward .
2

(ii) v fi  v  at  10.0   9.80   1.50   4.68 m s

v f  4.68 m s downward

e) Consider the last 35 m of fall. We find its speed 35 m above the ground:
yf=yi + vyit+1/2 ayt2

0=35+vyi(1.8)+1/2(-9.8m/s2)(1.8)2

 35m  15.88m
v yi   10.6m / s
1.8s
 Now consider the portion of its fall above the 35 m point. We assume it starts from rest
vyi2=vyi2+2ay(yf-yi)
(-10.6m/s2)=0+2(-9.8m/s2)y
160m 2 / s 2
y   5.73m
 19.6m / s 2

Its original height was then35m+|-5.73|=40.73m

Rx  40.0 cos 45.0  30.0 cos 45.0  49.5 y

Ry  40.0 sin 45.0  30.0 sin 45.0  20.0  27.1
A B
R  49.5iˆ  27.1ˆj

O 45°
R   49.5 2   27.1 2  56.4
45°
x

 27.1 
  tan 1   28.7
 49.5 
C

FIG. 1

b)
Let q represent the angle the x-axis makes with the horizontal. Since x
angles are equal if their sides are perpendicular right side to right y 0.127 N
side and left side to left side, q is also the angle between the weight Ty
and our y axis. The x-components of the forces must add to zero: 

0.150 N sin   0.127 N  0 .
0.150 N

(ii)   57.9
FIG. 2

(i) The y-components for the forces must add to zero:

Ty   0.150 N  cos 57.9  0 , Ty  0.079 8 N .

(iii) The angle between the y axis and the horizontal is 90.0  57.9  32.1 .
c) (i) For the horizontal motion, we have

1 2
x fi  x  vxi t  ax t
2
24 m  0  vi  cos 53  2.2 s  0
vi  18.1 m s .

1 2
(ii) As it passes over the wall, the ball is above the street by y fi  y  vyi t  ay t
2
 y f  0   18.1 m s   sin 53  2.2 s  
1
2
 
9.8 m s 2  2.2 s   8.13 m .
2

So it clears the parapet by 8.13 m  7 m  1.13 m .

(iii) Note that the highest point of the ball’s trajectory is not directly above the wall.
For the whole flight, we have from the trajectory equation

 g  2
y fi   tan   x ff   2 x
 2vi cos  i 
2

or

 9.8 m s 2 
6 m   tan 53 x ff    x2 .
 2  18.1 m s  2 cos 2 53 

Solving,

 0.041 2 m  x
1 2
ff  1.33 x  6 m  0

and

1.33  1.332  4  0.0412  6

xf 
 
.
2 0.0412 m 1

This yields two results:

x f  26.8 m or 5.44 m

The ball passes twice through the level of the roof.

It hits the roof at distance from the wall

26.8 m  24 m  2.79 m .
d)
  
Fg  mg   4 kg  9.8 m s 2  39.2 N Ta

sin  
1.5 m 
2m
  48.6 39.2 N
r   2 m cos 48.6  1.32 m Tb
forces

mv 2 ac
 Fx  max  r
v

Ta cos 48.6  Tb cos 48.6 

 4 kg   6 m s 
2

1.32 m m otion
109 N
Ta  Tb   165 N
cos 48.6 FIG. 3

 Fy  may
Ta sin 48.6  Tb sin 48.6  39.2 N  0
39.2 N
Ta  Tb   52.3 N
sin 48.6

(i) To solve simultaneously, we add the equations in Ta and Tb :

Ta  Tb  Ta  Tb  165 N  52.3 N

217 N
Ta   108 N
2

(ii) Tb  165 N  Ta  165 N  108 N  56.2 N

3 a)
Forces acting on 2.00 kg block:

T  m1 g  m1 a (1)

Forces acting on 8.00 kg block:

Fx  T  m2 a (2)

(i) Eliminate T and solve for a:

Fx  m1 g
a
m1  m2 (ii) Eliminate a and solve for T:

a  0 for Fx  m1 g  19.6 N .
 Fx  m2 g 
m1
T
m1  m2

T  0 for Fx   m2 g  78.4 N
b) Since the upward velocity is constant, the resultant force on the ball is zero. Thus, the upward
applied force equals the sum of the gravitational and drag forces (both downward):
F  mg  bv .

The mass of the copper ball is

4r 3  4 
  
3
m     8.92  10 3 kg m 3 2.00  10 2 m  0.299 kg .
3  3

The applied force is then

 
F  mg  bv   0.299  9.80   0.950 9.00  10 2  3.01 N .

 
c) v i  6.00iˆ  2.00ˆj  m s

(i) vi  vix2  viy2  40.0 m s

Ki 
1
2
1
2
 
mvi2   3.00 kg  40.0 m 2 s 2  60.0 J

(ii) v f  8.00iˆ  4.00 ˆj

v 2ff  v  v f  64.0  16.0  80.0 m 2 s 2

K  K fi  K 
1
2

m v 2fi  v 2  
3.00
2
 80.0  60.0  60.0 J

W mgh  700 N   10.0 m 

d) Power  P   875 W
t t 8.00 s

4 a) We shall take the zero level of gravitational potential energy to be at the lowest level reached
by the diver under the water, and consider the energy change from when the diver
started to fall until he came to rest.
1 1
E  mv 2fi  mv 2  mgy fi  mgy  f k d cos180
2 2
 
0  0  mg yi  y fk   f d

fk 

mg yi  y f    70.0 kg  9.80 m s   10.0 m  5.00 m 
2
2.06 kN
d 5.00 m
b)
 Energy is conserved for the bob-Earth system between bottom and
top of swing. At the top the stiff rod is in compression and the bob
nearly at rest.

1
Ki  U i  K ff  U : Mvb2  0  0  Mg 2
2
vb2  g 4 so vb  2 g
FIG. 5
Momentum of the bob-bullet system is conserved in the collision:

v
mv  m  M 2 g
2
  v
4M
m
g

c) At t  0 ,   3.50 rad s   0 e 0 . Thus,  0  3.50 rad s

At t  9.30 s ,   2.00 rad s   0 e   9.30 s , yielding   6.02  10 2 s 1

(i) 
d d  0 e

  t

  0    e  t
dt dt
At t  3.00 s ,
 

   3.50 rad s  6.02  10 2 s 1 e  3.00 6.02 10 2
 0.176 rad s 2

t
 0  
(ii)     0 e  ttdt   e  1  0 1  e  t 
 
0
   

At t  2.50 s ,
3.50 rad s   6.02 10 2   2.50  
 1  e   8.12 rad  1.29 rev
 
6.02  10 2 1 s  
0
(iii) As t   ,  


1  e   
3.50 rad s
6.02  10 2 s 1
 58.2 rad  9.26 rev


d) r  6.00iˆ  5.00tˆj m  v
dr
dt
 5.00 ˆj m s

so 
p  mv  2.00 kg 5.00 ˆj m s  10.0 ˆj kg  m s 
ˆi ˆj kˆ
and L  r  p  6.00 5.00t 0   60.0 kg  m s kˆ
2

0 10.0 0

F F
5 a) (i) stress   2
A r
 2
 d
F   stress   
 2
2
 2.50  10 -2 m 

F  1.50  10 N m  

8
2
2



F  73.6 kN

Y L
(ii) stress  Y  strain  
Li

L 
 stress Li

 1.50  10 8
N m 2  0.250 m   2.50 mm
Y 1.50  10 10
N m2

b)
(i) Before the metal is immersed:

 Fy  T1  Mg  0 or

T1  Mg   1.00 kg  9.80 m s 2 
 9.80 N
(ii) After the metal is immersed:
 Fy  T2  B  Mg  0 or
T2  Mg  B  Mg   wV  g
M 1.00 kg
V 
 2 700 kg m 3
Thus,

FIG. 6
 1.00 kg 

T2  Mg  B  9.80 N  1 000 kg m 3  3
 2 700 kg m 

9.80 m s 2  6.17 N .  

 
2 2
c) (i) kA2 250 N m 3.50  10 m
E   0.153 J
2 2

k 250
(ii) vmax  A where    22.4 s 1
m 0.500
vmax  0.784 m s

 
2
(iii) amax  A 2  3.50  10 2 m 22.4 s 1  17.5 m s 2


kA   35.0 N m  4.00  10 2 m
1 2 1

2
d) (i) E  28.0 mJ
2 2
 k
(ii) v   A2  x 2  A2  x 2
.
m

v 
35.0
50.0  10 3
 4.00  10    1.00  10 
2 2 2 2
 1.02 m s

1 1 1 1

mv 2  kA2  kx 2   35.0  4.00  10 2    3.00  10 
2 2 
2
(iii)  12.2 mJ
2 2 2 2  

1 2 1
(iv) kx  E  mv 2  15.8 mJ
2 2