WHAT IS A GENERATOR?

Generator is a latin word that means originator or maker. In power industry, this term refers to a device that produces electrical energy. Note that although electricity does occur naturally, it does not exist in the forms that currently can be practically used. For practical use it is produced from other forms of energy. Since energy cannot be created but can only be transferred from one form to another, any form of electricity generation obviously needs a source of fuel. echnically speaking, in electric generators electricity is generated from mechanical energy. he mechanical energy in turn is produced from so!called primary sources, such as chemical, nuclear or thermal energy contained in various types of fuel. It can also be obtained from renewable resources such as sunlight, wind or falling water. he machine that converts primary energy into mechanical energy is called prime mover. Steam turbines, internal!combustion engines, gas combustion turbines, water and wind turbines are the common types of prime movers. If you"ve ever moved paper clips around with a magnet or killed time arranging metal shavings into a beard on a #$ooly $illy# toy, then you"ve dabbled in the basic principles behind even the most complicated electric generators. he magnetic field responsible for lining up all those little bits of metal into a proper %ohawk haircut is due to the movement of electrons. %ove a magnet toward a paper clip and you"ll force the electrons in the clip to move. Similarly, if you allow electrons to move through a metal wire, a magnetic field will form around the wire. hanks to $ooly $illy, we can see that there"s a definite link between the phenomena of electricity and magnetism. & generator is simply a device that moves a magnet near a wire to create a steady flow of electrons. he action that forces this movement varies greatly, ranging from hand cranks and steam engines to nuclear fission, but the principle remains the same. 'ne simple way to think about a generator is to imagine it acting like a pump pushing water through a pipe. 'nly instead of pushing water, a generator uses a magnet to push electrons along. his is a slight oversimplification, but it paints a helpful picture of the properties at work in a generator. & water pump moves a certain number of water molecules and applies a certain amount of pressure to them. In the same way, the magnet in a generator pushes a certain number of electrons along and applies a certain amount of #pressure# to the electrons. In an electrical circuit, the number of electrons in motion is called the amperage or current, and it"s measured in amps. he #pressure# pushing the electrons along is called the voltage and is measured in volts. For instance, a generator spinning at (,))) rotations per minute might produce ( amp at * volts. he ( amp is the number of electrons moving +( amp physically means that *.,- x ()(. electrons move through a wire every second/, and the voltage is the amount of pressure behind those electrons. Generators form the heart of a modern power station. In the next section, we"ll take a look at how one of these stations works.