Kieven Rus Vladimir I- forced conversions Church-State tied Marital alliances

Mongol Invaders left aristocratic boyars

Trade reliant state Non-diversified trade

Orthodox Christianity- from Vladimir I Created Russian-Orthodox Church Church had great power

Religious literature Religious art and architecture Aristocratic boyars Free farming peasants

Byzantines: trade, religion, culture Invasion by Mongols

Orthodox Christianity Reliance on Trade No middle class Small artisan class Clasical Greek/Roman Ideas Church/State tied Non-diversified trade network

Orthodox Christianity Reliance on Trade Small Middle Class Large Artisan Class Classical Greek/Roman Ideas Church/State tied Diversified trade network

Russia (Keivan Rus)

Byzantine Empire

Economy always tied with Byzantines economy Religion influential in cultural and political life

Center of power shifts from Kiev to Moscow when the Mongols invade Mongols cause feudal system to implement b/c of need for protection by peasants

 Liberation Expansion Peter

from Mongols

the Great- authoritarian, selective westernization, Catherine the Great- Pugachev Rebellion, selective westernization, growing boyar power Partition of Poland feudalism

 Manoralism Fur

Trading

 Russian

Orthodoxy Tied

Church/State

 Harsh

serfdom

Inheritable serfdom
No

middle class

Few

artisans
unrest

Social

Cossaks

 Expansion:

Sweden Partition of Poland Westernization

Ottoman Empire, Siberia, Alaska,

Selective Westernization Feudal Society Remained Involved in European Affairs Christian(Orthodox)

Selective Westernization Feudal Society Self-Imposed Isolation Anti-Christian

Russia

Japan

 Remained

feudal Westernization only effecting upper class Expansion Russian Orthodoxy Authoritarian Govt

Capital

moved from Moscow to St. Petersburg

Anti-Westernization (French Revolution) Westernization Expansion Authoritarian Rise of Anarchists and Communists (Bolsheviks)

Defeat in Crimean War

Decembrist Revolt

Westernization

Duma and Stolypin Reforms

Revolution of 1905

Defeat in RussoJapanese War

Govt Regulation Foreign Investment Manufacturing and city growth Grain trade with Western Europe

Growing secularism Church no longer politically influential

End to Feudalism Emergence of Proletariat class Anarchist movements had little support Poverty filled No middle class Social unrest

Crimean War- Ottomans and Britain Russo-Japanese War- Japan Grain Trade with Western Europe Foreign Investment Freedom of Slavic Nations Holy Alliance

Westernization/ Industrialization of army Inner social unrest Revolutions put down Growing threat of nationalism Emerging Empire

Westernization/ Industrialization of army Inner social unrest Revolutions succeeded Growing threat of nationalism Waning Empire

Russia

Ottoman Empire

Remained authoritarian Social unrest Expansion High poverty levels No middle class

Ended feudalism in 1861 Anti-Westernization to Westernization

WWI End to tsarist rule Treaty of Brest-Litvosk Spread of communism Lenin and Stalin United Socialist Soviet Republic (USSR) WWII Cold War

WWI

Revolution of 1917

Nationalist Liberal Party

WWII

Stalin

Lenin and the Bolsheviks

Fell during WWI Food shortages Rose during the 1920s New Economic Policy under Lenin: freedom for individual advancement Fully industrialized between 1920-1950 State controlled economy

Growing secularism Religion banned under Stalin

Poverty of the masses Under Stalin: totalitarian state

Anti-western art, architecture, and music Persecuted scientists who interfered with Marxism

Women subordinate After WWII

Looser controls on music and literature Organized sports Sciences govt funded

WWI WWII Spread of Communism- China, Japan, East Europe, South East Asia, Cuba, South America, Middle East USSR Cold War

Communist regime overthrows liberal regime Totalitarian Large, poorly trained army Forced to sign disadvantageous treaty (Treaty of BrestLitvosk)

Fascist regime overthrows liberal regime Totalitarian Smaller, well trained army Forced to sign disadvantageous treaty (Treaty of Versailles)

Russia

Germany

High poverty levels remain Land reforms unsuccessful

End to tsarist reign-1917 Beginning of Communist rule1919 Successful Industrialization