OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

REDOX REACTIONS
OXIDATION AND REDUCTION REACTIONS

Chemical reaction involving oxidation and
reduction occurring simultaneously


Redox reactions can be explained based
on :
Loss or gain of oxygen,
Loss or gain of hydrogen,
Transfer of electron (release and gain ),
Changes in oxidation number
Redox reaction based on loss or gain
oxygen
Oxidation : gain of oxygen
Reduction : loss of oxygen

The substance that gains oxygen is oxidised
The substance that loss oxygen is reduced
The substance that causes oxidation is oxidising
agent
The substance that causes reduction is reducing
agent


Redox reaction based on loss or gain
hydrogen
Oxidation : loss of hydrogen
Reduction : gain of hydrogen

H
2
S + Cl
2
S + 2HCl

H
2
S : Oxidised Reducing agent
Cl
2
: Reduced Oxidising agent
Redox reaction based on transfer of
electron
Oxidation : loss of electrons ( e
-
donor )
Reduction : gain of electron ( e
-
acceptor )
OIL RIG

The substance that donate e
-
: is oxidised
: reducing agent
The substance that accept e
-
: is reduced
: oxidising agent

Redox reaction based on changes in
oxidation number of an element
Oxidation number of an element is the
charge that the atom of the element would
have if complete transfer of electrons occurs

Rules for assigning oxidation number,
Calculate the oxidation number,
Oxidation number and nomenclature of
compound
Conclusion
You may use any one of the four definitions
to understand a redox reaction.

You should realize that not all chemical
reactions are classified as redox reaction.
Examples of redox reaction
Change of iron(II) ion to iron(III) ion.
Change of iron(III) ion to iron(II) ion.
Displacement of metal from its salt
solution
Displacement of halogen from its halide
solution
Transfer of electrons at a distance
Examples of redox reactions
Rusting
Extraction of metal from its ore ( Reactivity
series of metals )
Reaction in electrolytic and chemical cells