LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM KIMIA

DAYA HANTAR LISTRIK LARUTAN

Hari,tanggal: Senin, 8 Maret 200
Ole!:
K"LOMPOK I#
Angg$ta:
Ati% Pat&a'ati (0)*
Da&are+t, (0-*
".i L,t!/iat,r R$!&a! (0*
1i%a Ar2ri34i Na/5i!i&a (6*
N,r,l N,r Anni+a (20*
R$+alina Mar7ella 8$rnelia (90*
K"LAS:
:26
SMAN TR"N;;AL"K
TAHUN P"LA<ARAN 200-=200
I> <UDUL PRAKTIKUM
Meng,?i Da@a Hantar Li+tri% Lar,tan
II> TU<UAN PRAKTIKUM
o DaAat &enga&ati ge?ala2ge?ala !antaran li+tri% &elal,i lar,tan
o DaAat &e&BeCa%an lar,tan ele%tr$lit Can n$n ele%tr$lit
o DaAat &e&BeCa%an lar,tan @ang ter&a+,% ele%tr$lit %,at Can ele%tr$lit le&a!
III> DASAR T"ORI
DerCa+ar%an Ca@a !antar li+tri%n@a, lar,tan CaAat Ber+i/at ele%tr$lit ata, n$n
ele%tr$lit> Lar,tan @ang CaAat &eng!antar%an ar,+ li+tri% Ci+eB,t lar,tan @ang Ber+i/at
ele%tr$lit> Lar,tan @ang tiCa% CaAat &eng!antar%an ar,+ li+tri% Ci+eB,t lar,tan @ang
Ber+i/at n$n ele%tr$lit>
PaCa lar,tan ele%tr$lit, @ang &eng!antar%an ar,+ li+tri% aCala! i$n2i$n @ang terCaAat
Cala& lar,tan ter+eB,t>
PaCa ele%tr$Ca negati/ (%at$Ca* i$n A$+iti/ &enang%aA ele%tr$n (ter?aCi rea%+i
reC,%+i* +eCang%an AaCa ele%tr$Ca A$+iti/ (an$Ca* i$n negati.e &eleAa+%an ele%tr$n
(ter?aCi rea%+i $%+iCa+i*> <i%a Ci Cala& lar,tan tiCa% terCaAat i$n, &a%a lar,tan ter+eB,t
tiCa% CaAat &eng!antar%an ar,+ li+tri%>
Sen@a'a ele%tr$lit aCala! +en@a'a @ang ?i%a Cilar,t%an %e Cala& air a%an
teri$ni+a+i> Sen@a'a ele%tr$lit CaAat CiBeCa%an &en?aCi +en@a'a ele%tr$lit %,at Can
+en@a'a ele%tr$lit le&a!>
Sen@a'a ele%tr$lit %,at aCala! +en@a'a @ang Ci Cala& air teri$ni+a+i +e&A,rna ata,
&enCe%ati +e&A,rna, +e!ingga +en@a'a ter+eB,t +e&,an@a ata, !a&Air +e&,a Ber,Ba!
&en?aCi i$n> Parti%el2Aarti%el @ang aCa Ci Cala& lar,tan ele%tr$lit %,at aCala! i$n2i$n @ang
BergaB,ng Cengan &$le%,l air, +e!ingga lar,tan tereB,t Ca@a !antar li+tri%n@a %,at> Hal ini
Ci+eBaB%an %arena tiCa% aCa &$le%,l ata, Aarti%el lain @ang &eng!alangi gera%an i$n2i$n
,nt,% &eng!antar%an ar,+ li+tri%, +e&entara &$le%,l2&$le%,l air aCala! +eBagai &eCia
,nt,% Aergera%an i$n>
Sen@a'a ele%tr$lit le&a! aCala! +en&@a'a @ang Ci Cala& air teri$ni+a+i +eBagian
ata, +en@a'a ter+eB,t !an@a +eBagian +a?a @ang Ber,Ba! &en?aCi i$n Can +eBagian @ang
lainn@a &a+i! +eBagai &$le%,l +en@a'a @ang terlar,t> Lar,tan @ang terBent,% Ca@a !antar
li+tri%n@a le&a! ata, %,rang %,at %arena &$le%,l2&$le%,l +en@a'a Cala& lar,tan tiCa%
CaAat &eng!antar%an li+tri%, +e!ingga &eng!alangi i$n2i$n @ang a%an &eng!antar%an
li+tri%>
Sen@a'a n$n ele%tr$lit aCala! +en@a'a @ang Ci Cala& air tiCa% teri$ni+a+i, +e!ingga
Aarti%el2Aarti%el @ang aCa Ci Cala& lar,tan aCala! &$lr%,l2&$le%,l +en@a'a @ang terlar,t>
Dala& lar,tan tiCa% terCaAat i$n, +e!ingga lar,tan ter+eB,t tiCa% CaAat &eng!antar%an
ar,+ li+tri% %e7,ali a+a& ata, Ba+a, +en@a'a %$.alen aCala! +en@a'a n$n ele%tr$lit,
&i+aln@a: 8
6
H
2
O
6,
8O (NH
2
*
2,
8H
0,
8
9
H
8,
8
9
H
0
O>
PerBeCaan Lar,tan DerCa+ar%an Da@a Hantar Li+tri%
LARUTAN "L"KTROLIT LARUTAN NON "L"KTROLIT
> DaAat &eng!antar%an li+tri% > TiCa% CaAat &eng!antar%an li+tri%
2> Ter?aCi Ar$+e+ i$ni+a+i 2> TiCa% ter?aCi Ar$+e+ i$ni+a+i (ter,rai
&en?aCi i$n2i$n*
9> La&A, CaAat &en@ala terang ata, reC,A
Can aCa gele&B,ng ga+
9> La&A, tiCa% &en@ala Can tiCa% aCa
gele&B,ng ga+
Sumber: Referensi Kimia nomor 310
Gejala hantaran Arus Listrik pada Larutan
Ar,+ li+tri% ti&B,l %arena aCan@a aliran ele%tr$n, @ait, +,at, Aarti%el @ang Ber&,atan
negati.e> "le%tr$n E ele7tr$n CaAat &engalir &elal,ii +,at, Ba!an @ang Ci+eB,t %$nC,%t$r,
+eAerti Be+i Can %a'at te&Baga> ;e?ala E ge?ala !antaran ar,+ li+tri% AaCa lar,tan CaAat
anCa a&ati &elal,i Aer7$Baan ,?i Ca@a li+tri% AaCa BerBagai lar,tan> @ang aAaBila lar,tan
ter+eB,t CaAat &eng!antar%an ar,+ li+tri% a%an &eni&B,l%an ge?ala2 ge?ala +eBagai
Beri%,t, @ait, D$la la&A, &en@ala Can terCaAat gele&B,ng ga+ AaCa lar,tan @ang Ci,?i
7$Ba>
Larutan Elektrolit dan Non Elektrolit
Lar,tan &er,Aa%an /a+e @ang +etiaA !ari aCa Ci+e%itar %ita> S,at, +i+te& !$&$gen
@ang &enganC,ng C,a ata, leBi! 3at @ang &a+ing2&a+ing %$&A$nenn@a tiCa% Bi+a
CiBeCa%an +e7ara /i+i% Ci+eB,t lar,tan, +eCang%an +,at, +i+te& @ang !eter$gen Ci+eB,t
7a&A,ran> Dia+an@a i+tila! lar,tan CianggaA +eBagai 7airan @ang &enganC,ng 3at
terlar,t, &i+aln@a AaCatan ata, ga+ Cengan %ata lain lar,tan tiCa% !an@a terBata+ AaCa
7airan +a?a>
K$&A$nen Cari lar,tan terCiri Cari C,a ?eni+, Aelar,t Can 3at terlar,t, @ang CaAat
CiAert,%ar%an tergant,ng ?,&la!n@a> Pelar,t &er,Aa%an %$&A$nen @ang ,ta&a @ang
terCaAat Cala& ?,&la! @ang Ban@a%, +eCang%an %$&A$nen &in$rn@a &er,Aa%an 3at
terlar,t>
Lar,tan terBent,% &elal,i Aen7a&A,ran C,a ata, leBi! 3at &,rni @ang &$le%,ln@a
Berintera%+i lang+,ng Cala& %eaCaan ter7a&A,r> Se&,a ga+ Ber+i/at CaAat Ber7a&A,r
Cengan +e+a&an@a, %arena it, 7a&A,ran ga+ aCala! lar,tan> Pr$+e+ Aelar,tan CaAat
Ciil,+tra+i%an +eAerti ;a&Bar Ci ata+>

Jenis-jenis larutan
;a+ Cala& ga+ E +el,r,! 7a&A,ran ga+
;a+ Cala& 7airan E $%+igen Cala& air
8airan Cala& 7airan E al%$!$l Cala& air
PaCatan Cala& 7airan E g,la Cala& air
;a+ Cala& AaCatan E !iCr$gen Cala& AalaCi,&
8airan Cala& AaCatan E Hg Cala& Aera%
PaCatan Cala& AaCatan E all$@+
Larutan Elektrolit
DerCa+ar%an %e&a&A,an &eng!antar%an ar,+ li+tri% (CiCa+ar%an AaCa Ca@a
i$ni+a+i*, lar,tan CiBagi &en?aCi C,a, @ait, lar,tan ele%tr$lit, @ang terCiri Cari ele%tr$lit %,at
Can ele%tr$lit le&a! +erta lar,tan n$n ele%tr$lit> Lar,tan ele%tr$lit aCala! lar,tan @ang
CaAat &eng!antar%an ar,+ li+tri%, +eCang%an lar,tan n$n ele%tr$lit aCala! lar,tan @ang
tiCa% CaAat &eng!antar%an ar,+ li+tri%> Lar,tan ele%tr$lit terBent,% Cari terlar,tn@a
+en@a'a ele%tr$lit Cala& Aelar,t air>
PaCa Aeng,?ian Ca@a !antar li+tri%, lar,tan ele%tr$lit &en,n?,%%an ge?ala2ge?ala
Ber,Aa &en@alan@a la&A, AaCa alat ,?i Can ti&B,ln@a gele&B,ng ga+ Cala& lar,tan>
Larutan Elektrolit Kuat
Lar,tan ele%tr$lit %,at aCala! lar,tan @ang &e&A,n@ai Ca@a !antar ar,+ li+tri%,
%arena 3at terlar,t @ang BeraCa CiCala& Aelar,t (Bia+an@a air*, +el,r,!n@a CaAat ter,rai
+e&A,rna &e&Bent,% i$n A$+iti/ (%ati$n* Can i$n negati.e (ani$n* Cengan !arga Cera?at
i$ni+a+i aCala! +at, (F G *> PaCa Aeng,?ian Ca@a !antar li+tri%, lar,tan ele%r$lit %,at
&en,n?,%%an ge?ala2ge?ala Ber,Aa &en@alan@a la&A, AaCa alat ,?i Can ti&B,ln@a
gele&B,ng ga+ Cala& lar,tan> Yang terg$l$ng ele%tr$lit %,at aCala! :
A+a& %,at, antara lain: H8l, H8lO
9
, H8lO
0
, H
2
SO
0
, HNO
9
Can lain2lain>
Da+a %,at, @ait, Ba+a2Ba+a g$l$ngan al%ali Can al%ali tana!, antara lain : NaOH,
KOH, 8a(OH*
2
, Mg(OH*
2
, Da(OH*
2
Can lain2lain>
;ara&2gara& @ang &e&A,n@ai %elar,tan tinggi, antara lain : Na8l, K8l, KI,
Al
2
(SO
0
*
9
Can lain2lain>
Larutan Elektrolit Lemah
Lar,tan ele%tr$lit le&a! aCala! lar,tan @ang &a&A, &eng!antar%an ar,+ li+tri%
Cengan Ca@a @ang le&a!, Can ?,ga tiCa% ter,rai +e&A,rna Cala& air Cengan !arga Cera?at
i$ni+a+i leBi! Cari n$l tetaAi %,rang Cari +at, (0 H F H *> PaCa Aeng,?ian Ca@a !antar ar,+
l+tri%, lar,tan ele%tr$lit le&a! tiCa% &e&Beri%an ge?ala la&A, &en@ala ata, &en@ala taAi
reC,A, Can &eni&B,l%an gele&B,ng ga+> Yang terg$l$ng lar,tan ele%tr$lit le&a! aCala!:
A+a& le&a!, antara lain: 8H
9
8OOH, H8N, H
2
8O
9
, H
2
S Can lain2lain>
Da+a le&a!, antara lain: NH
0
OH, Ni(OH*
2
Can lain2lain>
;ara&2gara& @ang +,%ar lar,t, antara lain: Ag8l, 8a8rO
0
, PBI
2
Can lain2lain>
Larutan non-Elektrolit
Lar,tan n$n2ele%tr$lit aCala! lar,tan @ang tiCa% ter,rai Cala& air +e!ingga tiCa%
CaAat &eng!antar%an ar,+ li+tri%, !al ini Ci+eBaB%an %arena lar,tan tiCa% CaAat
&eng!a+il%an i$n2i$n (tiCa% &eng2i$n*> PaCa Aeng,?ian Ca@a !antar ar,+ l+tri%, lar,tan
n$n2 ele%tr$lit tiCa% &eni&B,l%an ge?ala2ge?ala +eAerti @ang Ci+eB,t%an taCi> Yang
ter&a+,% Cala& lar,tan n$n ele%tr$lit antara lain :
Lar,tan ,rea
Lar,tan +,%r$+a
Lar,tan gl,%$+a
Lar,tan al7$!$l Cll>
Senyawa ionik dan kovalen
Sen@a'a i$ni7 aCala! +en@a'a @ang terBent,% Cari i$n E i$n &elal,i i%atan i$ni7>
Yang ter+,+,n Cari i$n A$+iti.e ata, %ati$n Can i$n negati.e ata, ani$n>
Sen@a'a %$.alen aCala! +en@a'a @ang terCiri ata+ at$& E at$& @ang B,%an i$n
@ang Beri%atan +e7ara %$.alen>
Sumber: http://shimmergie.blogspot.com/2009/12/rangkuman-kimia-bab--ge!ala-hantaran"#$1.html
I#> ALAT DAN DAHAN
o Alat:
a> S,&Ber ar,+ D8 (aCaAt$r*
B> KaBel
7> ;ela+ %i&ia
C> D$la la&A,
e> "le%tr$Ca
f. Saklar
o Da!an:
a> Lar,tan gara& CaA,r (Na8l* +e7,%,An@a
B> Lar,tan a+a& 7,%a (8H
9
8OOH* +e7,%,An@a
7> Lar,tan a+a& %l$riCa (H8l* +e7,%,An@a
C> Lar,tan natri,& !iCr$%+iCa (NaOH* +e7,%,An@a
e> Lar,tan g,la (8
2
H
22
O

* +e7,%,An@a
/> Lar,tan al%$!$l (8
2
H
)
OH*
g> Air +,&,r (H
2
O* +e7,%,An@a
!> Air !,?an +e7,%,An@a
i> Air PAM
?> Air la,t
%> Air +,ngai
#> ;AMDAR ALAT
> S,&Ber ar,+ D8 (aCaAt$r*
2> KaBel
9> ;ela+ Ki&ia
0> D$la La&A,
)> "le%tr$Ca
6> Sa%lar
#I> 8ARA K"R<A
* Me&Ber+i!%an +e&,a Aeralatan @ang a%an Cig,na%an ,nt,% +elan?,tn@a Ci%ering%an
2* Me&a+,%%an lar,tan gara& CaA,r (Na8l* +e7,%,An@a %e Cala& gela+ %i&ia @ang
Ber+i! Can %ering
9* Meng,?i Ca@a !antar li+tri%n@a Cengan &engg,na%an rang%aian alat Aeng,?i ele%tr$lit
Cengan 7ara &en7el,A%an ele%tr$Ca %e Cala& lar,tan
0* Menga&ati Aer,Ba!an @ang ter?aCi Can &en@ala ata, tiCa%n@a la&A, (Ci7atat Cala&
taBle Aenga&atan*
)* Me&Ber+i!%an terleBi! Ca!,l, ele%tr$Ca %e Cala& a%,aCe+ %e&,Cian
&engering%ann@a
6* Dengan 7ara @ang +a&a,&eng,?i Ca@a !antar lar,tan @ang ter+eCia
#II> DATA P"N;AMATAN
N$> Lar,tan N@ala La&A,
(terang, reC,A, tiCa%
&en@ala*
;ele&B,ng ,Cara
(aCa,tiCa%,Ban@a%,+eCi
%it*
> Lar,tan gara& CaA,r ( Na8l* Terang Dan@a%
2> Lar,tan a+a& 7,%a (8H
9
8OOH* TiCa% &en@ala SeCi%it
9> Lar,tan a+a& %l$riCa (H8l* Terang Dan@a%
0> Lar,tan Natri,& HiCr$%+iCa
(NaOH*
Terang Dan@a%
)> Lar,tan g,la (8
2
H
22
O

* TiCa% &en@ala TiCa% aCa

6> Air +,&,r =%ran (H
2
O* TiCa% &en@ala SeCi%it
I> Air !,?an TiCa% &en@ala TiCa% aCa
8> Air PAM TiCa% &en@ala SeCi%it
-> Air la,t Terang Dan@a%
0> Air +,ngai TiCa% &en@ala Sangat +eCi%it
> Lar,tan Al%$!$l (8
2
H
)
OH* TiCa% &en@ala TiCa% aCa

#III> P"MDAHASAN
* Se+,ai !a+il Aer7$Baan @ang tela! %a&i la%,%an, terCaAat Aer,Ba!an AaCa la&A, Can
Batang ele%tr$Ca> 8iri E 7iri Berlang+,ngan@a !antaran li+tri% :
a> La&A, &en@ala
B> ACa gele&B,ng AaCa ele%tr$Ca
2* Di antara lar,tan E lar,tan @ang tela! Ci,?i, lar,tan @ang CaAat &eng!antar%an ar,+
li+tri% Cengan Bai% @ait, lar,tan gara& CaA,r (Na8l*, lar,tan a+a& %l$riCa (H8l*,
lar,tan natri,& !iCr$%+iCa (NaOH* Can air la,t> Lar,tan @ang CaAat &eng!antar%an
ar,+ li+tri% tetaAi tiCa% +e&A,rna @ait, lar,tan aa& 7,%a (8H
9
8OOH*, air +,&,r= %ran
(H
2
O*, air PAM, Can air +,ngai> SeCang%an lar,tan @ang tiCa% CaAat &eng!antar%an
ar,+ li+tri% aCala! lar,tan g,la (8
2
H
22
O

*, air !,?an Can lar,tan al7$!$l (8

2
H
)
OH*>
9* Dari !a+il Aenga&atan ter+eB,t, %a&i ?,ga CaAat &engeta!,i ?i%a +eBagian Be+ar
lar,tan @ang CaAat &en@ala%an la&A, Cengan terang Can &eng!a+ila%na gele&B,ng
@ang Ban@a% Cari Aer7$Baan ter&a+,% Cala& a+a& %,at Can Ba+a %,at Can ter&a+,%
Cala& ele%tr$lit %,at> SeCang%an lar,tan @ang tiCa% CaAat &en@ala%an la&A, Can tiCa%
&eng!a+il%an gele&B,ng ,Cara ter&a+,% Cala& n$nele%tr$lit> Dan ,nt,% @ang tiCa%
CaAat &en@ala%an la&A, +erta CaAat &eng!a+il%an gele&B,ng ,Cara +eCi%it ter&a+,%
Cala& ele%tr$lit le&a!>
I:> <AJADAN P"RTANYAAN
;e?ala @ang &enanCai !antaran li+tri% &elal,i lar,tan Ci antaran@a aCala! Cari n@ala
la&A, (terang,reC,A,tiCa% &en@ala* @ang Ci+eBaB%an $le! lar,tan Can gele&B,ng ,Cara
(aCa,tiCa%,Ban@a%,+eCi%it* @ang Ci!a+il%an $le! lar,tan>
Dari Ba!an2Ba!an @ang Ci,?i, %ita CaAat &e&BeCa%an lar,tan BerCa+ar%an
%e&a&A,an Cala& &eng!antar%an li+tri% +eBaga Beri%,t>
N$> Lar,tan ele%tr$lit Lar,tan n$nele%tr$lit
> lar,tan