Complication

diarrhea (8%)
ear infections (7%)
pneumonia (6%)
blindness (1%): poor nutrition (specifically vitamin A
deficiency), up to 60,000 cases occurring annually.
acute brain inflammation (encephalitis) (0.1%): starts six
days after onset of the rash. Symptoms: fever, headache,
vomiting, stiff neck, drowsiness, seizures, and coma.
persistent brain inflammation (subacute sclerosing
panencephalitis) (0.0001%): caused by a chronic infection
of the CNS with the measles virus, start years, slow,
progressive loss of brain function, seizures, and death.
Prevention
CHILDREN:
safest protection: MMR Vaccines.
1
st
dose: after the first birthday (12 to 15 months of
age).
2
nd
dose: before the start of the kindergarten.
TEENS:
middle school, high school, college: potential high-risk
areas for measles transmission because of large
concentrations of susceptible people, all states require
proof of either two doses of the measles vaccine or
evidence of past measles infection at the time of
college or other post-high school entry.
ADULTS:
born after 1957: one dose of measles vaccine
unless already had measles and are immune.
college students, international travelers and
healthcare workers: two doses, no less than 1
month apart.
Pregnant: not receive the MMR vaccine.
Women should not become pregnant for 28
days following MMR vaccine.
RUBEOLA and TRAVELERS
Travelers: receive two doses of the MMR vaccine
for their own protection and to prevent
importation of the measles virus into the United
States.
Before any international travel:
infants 6-11 months: one dose of measles-
containing vaccine.
Children 12 months of age or older: two doses
separated by at least 28 days.
Adults: review vaccination records
Africa : Angola, Cameroon, the Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria,
South Africa, Sudan and Uganda.
Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Burma (Myanmar), Nepal, Pakistan, the
Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and Yemen.
Europe: France reported the highest number of
cases in 2011, more than half of all cases
reported in Europe in 2011.
America: from other region.
Oceania: Auckland region.

Side Effects of MMR Vaccine
Mild Problems: Fever, Mild rash, Swelling of glands in the cheeks or
neck, within 7-12 days after the shot.
Moderate Problems:
Seizure caused by fever
Temporary pain and stiffness in the joints,
Temporary low platelet count, which can cause a bleeding disorder
Severe Problems (Very Rare)
Serious allergic reaction
Severe problems have been reported after a child gets MMR
vaccine, including:
Deafness
Long-term seizures, coma, or lowered consciousness
Permanent brain damage
Prognosis
Most people will recover completely.
2.2 out of 1,000: die.
malnourished or immunocompromised:
complications or die.

Quo ad vitam: ad bonam
Quo ad functionam: ad bonam
Quo ad sanationam: ad bonam