:

, ,

&
.


Laser
Light amplification by stimulated emission of
radiation:

( ),

Laser
1. :
- : l2O3 0.05% Cr2O3 ( = 694,3 nm)
- Nd:YAG ( = 1064 532 nm)
2. :
- (He/Ne) ( = 632,8 nm)
- (Ar+) ( = 514,5 488,0 nm)
- M (2 CO) ( = 337,1 nm)
- ( ArF+, KrF+,
XeF+)
( = 193 248 351 nm)
3.

LASER
:
1.
2.
3.
4.

, , S=f(C)


(effective bandwidth)

:


(CaF2 MgF2)
.
.



:
1.

.
2. 2

1
3.
( )

( )
,
.
30 nm 250 nm.


( 10%).
100%
.

.

vs

vs

1. ( )
2. ( )
3. ( )
4. ( )
5. ( )
4

echellette

echelle

( )
, D-1 (nm/mm)
R = (/) = nN (N:/mm)

(
)
:

(

)

 ()

:
(
) - IR
(
) - UV/Vis & IR

()

S/N

( )

(S)
(P): S = kP + kd

.
( : 9)
-






106
107 :

 -
: ,

.
: ,
,
.

:
.
:

.


,


.

:
,
( ), (
).