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BAROMETER FOR EQUAL

OPPORTUNITIES
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
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Project From Norm to Practice is implemented by the Macedonian
Center for International Cooperation (MCIC), in partnership with Polio Plus
Movement against Disability, the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy and the
Commission for Protection Against Discrimination. The project is funded by
the EU PROGRESS Program (2007-2013).
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
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Publisher
Macedonian Centre for International Cooperation
For the publisher
Aleksandar Kralovski, First Executive Director
DimeMitreski, Executive Director
Authors
JasminaMihailovska
MiaPopovi
Translator
Viktorija Dimitrovska
ISBN 978-608-4681-23-6
Skopje, November 2013
Contact
MCIC, Address: Nikola Parapunov, 41 a; PO Box 55, 1060 Skopje;
tel. +389/2/3065-381; fax: +389/2/3065-298; e-mail: mcms@mcms.mk;
web site: www.mcms.mk.
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This publication has been prepared with the support of the European Union
withintheprojectFromNormtoPractice,partoftheProgrammeforEmployment
andSocialSolidarity-PROGRESS2007-2013.Thecontentsofthispublicationaresole
responsibilityoftheauthorsandinnowayreflecttheviewsoftheEuropeanUnion
andtheMacedonianCenterforInternationalCooperation.
All rights reserved, any reproduction, copy, transmission or translation of any
partofthispublicationmaybemadeonlyunderthefollowingconditions:withprior
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Copyrightofthispublicationisprotected,butthepublicationmaybereproduced
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permissionofthepublishershouldbeobtained.
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
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Barometer for Equal
Opportunites
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
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Contents
C ..........................................................................................................4
I .....................................................................................5
Q ....................................................................................5
M .....................................................................................6
D P R ........................................................6
T .....................................................................................7
S ..........................................................................................................9
1. P D ...................................................................11
1.1. P ...........................................11
1.2. A .......................................................15
2. E ...............................................................21
2.1. E ................................24
3.F .....................................................................25
4.K .................................................................................27
C .................................................................................................31
P ........................................................31
A ..............................................................32
E ....................................................32
F ..........................................................33
K R ......................................................................33
ANNEXES ........................................................................................................35
Q ..................................................................................37
S ..............................................................................................42
MCIC PROFILE ...............................................................................................43
FURTHER READING .......................................................................................44
L MCIC ................................................................44
B ....................................................................................44
H ...................................................44
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
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Introducton
This report analyzes the findings of the survey "Barometer for Equal
Opportunities", which was conducted for the second time on a nationally
representative sample of citizens of Macedonia.
The aim of the study was to explore the perception of citizens.
MCIC entrustedthe public opinion poll, on which this report is based, to the
research house M - Prospekt, which was responsible for the methodological
soundness of the survey.
The household poll was conducted by telephone in September 2013 on a
representative sample of 1,600 respondents.
Questonnaire
The questionnaire was prepared based on questionnaires from similar
surveys of MCIC and on the basis of global equity and / or discrimination
research.
To meet the objectives of the research, the questionnaire covered the
following topics:
1. Perceptons of the prevalence of each of the types of discrim-
inaton, while comparing the situaton with the one ve years
ago;
2. Experience with discriminaton - personally experienced dis-
criminaton and witnessing a discriminaton against a third par-
ty;
3. Acceptance of dierences placing oneself in an environment
of social diversity and self-percepton of a liaton to a partcu-
lar minority group;
4. Fightng discriminaton - existng measures and support for in-
troducton of new measures;
Familiarity with rights and referring to relevant authorities in case of
discrimination.
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Methodology
From September 10 to 27, 2013, the Macedonian Center for International
Cooperation, MCIC, in cooperation with M-Prospekt LLC - Skopje, conducted
the research "Barometer for Equal Opportunities - Discrimination Survey."
The survey was conducted among population older than 15 years in the
Republic of Macedonia. Multiphase random sample was used, taking into
account the distribution of population by place of residence in rural and
urban areas and ethnicity. The survey was conducted by telephone, following
the rule of closest birthday, which allows the selection of respondents to
be random. In order to reach each household and respondent, the pollsters
rang the same number up to three times, in case no one answered. For the
purpose of the telephone survey, M Prospektprovided a database of phone
numbers. To increase the outreach to respondents who do not use a land
telephone line (a downward trend in using land phone lines is registered),
20% of respondents were reached over a cell phone. The interviews were
conducted by trained interviewers experienced in Macedonian and Albanian.
Quality control of the research is carried out according to the standard
procedures of M - Prospekt, Skopje.
Data Processing and Reportng
The collected data are processed by frequency and proportion of
responses. The level of accuracy is 95% with an error of +/- 5%. The results
are shown in graphs for the entire sample. Apart from the graphs, the data
are also presented in numbers.
The report does not include socio-demographic analysis of the smaller
ethnic communities and other minority socio-demographic groups due
to their small percentage in the national sample. For brevity, the ethnic
Macedonians are referred as Macedonians and ethnic Albanians as Albanians.
In some tables and graphs presented in the report, results for "do not
know" and "no answer" are not provided, because the sum of all responses
is not 100%. This is done in order to simplify the reporting of results.
Term insignificant minority is used for answers of less than 10% of the
sample, a small minority for 11% to 30%, minority for 30% to 50%, a majority
for 51% to 70% and the large majority for more than 70%.
The findings of this research, wherever possible were compared
with results from a similar survey conducted in 2009 (Beshka - Petroska,
Najchevska, 2009) due to the similar / identical issues. The reference to the
data from that research is done by referring to that particular year (2009).
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
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Terms and denitons
The report uses terms and definitions included in the Glossary of terms
related to discrimination (Najchevska, Kadriu, 2008).
Discrimination refers to any distinction, exclusion, restriction or unequal
treatment or lack of treatment, motivated by certain past, present or future
grounds, with a purpose or resulting into preventing or hindering the
recognition, enjoyment or exercise of all rights and freedoms by all persons
on an equal basis, i.e. putting a person in a less favorable treatment in relation
to another person in a similar situation.
Harassment means unwanted conduct related to some of the grounds of
discrimination, regardless of whether it manifests in physical, verbal or any
other way, which is directed or intended to violate the dignity of a person
or to create a threatening, hostile, degrading, offensive or intimidating
environment, access or practice.
Stigma/ stigmatization is undesirable or discrediting attribute that is given
to a person or group of people aimed at lowering the status of the person or
group in the eyes of the community.
Tolerance is the ability to accept and respect beliefs and social values of
other people or groups of people.
Discrimination means unequal treatment of people, or different
treatment of people just because they are female or male, members of a
particular ethnic group or community, have a certain religion, are disabled,
etc. Unequal treatment may be visible, such as deliberate announcement
of job advertisement requiring workers of a particular ethnic group or just
males. Also unequal treatment can be hidden, such as hosting a job interview
during a religious holiday, because members of certain religious group will
not be able to attend it.
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
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Barometer for Equal Opportunites
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Summary
According to the results of the survey conducted in 2013, the perception
of the existence of discrimination is still far more widespread perception
than the one ofabsent discrimination. Forms of discrimination which are
claimed to be least absent are discrimination in terms of party affiliation and
sexual orientation. The claim that discrimination based on sexual orientation
is absent has largest decline compared with the 2009 survey. In the new
research, the perception of the existence of discrimination on the basis of
party affiliation is most common followed by the one on the basis of ethnicity.
The majority of respondents think that discrimination by party affiliation
and ethnicity are more frequent compared with the situation five years ago.
While the opinion for these two categories is expressed by majority, the
same claim but to a lesser extent is widespread for discrimination by age,
sexual orientation and religious affiliation. On the other hand, the majority of
respondents think that discrimination on grounds of disability and genderis
reduced.
The survey shows that citizens are relatively tolerant of living in a
neighborhood with different groups. The exception to this is having a gay
neighbor, where the average score of convenience is 4 on a scale from 1 to 9.
Maximum tolerance is given to the neighbors with disabilities or those from
another political party.
The results show that citizens have the most problems with a person with
homosexual orientation to be in power. For all other categories of persons,
the degree of acceptability is far higher. Highest level of acceptability was
observed for women, and to a smaller extent acceptability of people of
different ethnic and religious backgrounds and people with disabilities.
The data analysis indicates that more than three quarters of respondents
have never felt or seen discrimination. The proportion of those who
experienced discrimination is lower than those that have found themselves
in the role of a witness. Respondents showed tendency to less recognize
such behavior if it is directed at them. Compared with past research (2009),
this situation coincides with the results from that time. Party affiliation,just
as in 2009, is again ranked as the most frequent cause of discrimination,
whether it is a personal experience or witnessed discrimination. Compared
with the 2009 survey, for most forms of discrimination there is a tendency
to be decreased both in terms of experienced and in terms of witnessed
discrimination.
There is a connection between the perception of the incidence and
prevalence of discrimination on certain grounds and the experience with
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
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it. The question that arises is whether the perception of the existence of
discrimination is a result of personal experience, or, conversely, those who
are more susceptive of discriminatory behaviors, find it easier to recognize
such behaviors when directed to them or to anyone else.
Respondents are willing to lend their support to introduce specific
measures to ensure equal employment opportunities for all persons.
Support slightly decreases when it comes to sexual orientation and equal
employment opportunities.
Investing in eradication of discrimination is very little visible to
participants. More than half do not see that there is investment, i.e. they
considered it insufficient. This is related to the perception of the existence
of discrimination, those who believe that it exists, see no efforts to eradicate
it. Similarly, those who have experienced or witnessed discrimination, do not
recognize that sufficient efforts were made for reducing it.
Half of the respondents say that they know their rights in the event of
discrimination. With increasing levels of education, more respondents tend
to claim that they are familiar with them. This high level should be viewed
with caution, taking into account to what extent this is result oftheoretical
knowledge, aside from the knowledge of existing legislation. Facing
discrimination of any kind is associated with a higher degree of familiarity with
rights. Again the question arises whether knowledge of rights resultsfrom
experience or for those who are more familiar with the rights, it is easier to
recognize it.
The majority of respondents would hypothetically ask for protection
against discrimination, whether they know their rights or not.
The first institution they would contact is the police. However, a third
of respondents did not know who they should contact. Commission for
Protection against Discrimination is first mentioned only among8% of
respondents.
Selecting the police as a body to deal with the discrimination and the high
percentage of respondents who do not know where to turn, are confirmation
that there is still a theoretical knowledge of rights in case of discrimination.
Most likely thisis general and theoretical knowledge.
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
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1. Percepton of Discriminaton
1.1.Perceived level of discriminaton
According to the results from the survey conducted in 2013, the
perception of the existence of discrimination is still far more widespread
than the perception that discrimination is absent. The perception of non-
discrimination is smallest in the cases of discrimination on the basis of party
affiliation (7%) and sexual orientation (8%), while for other categories such
perception appears in up to 18% of cases. In this sense, the results show a
similar situation compared to a survey conducted in 2009.
The biggest drop in this opinion is recorded regarding the issue of sexual
orientation. This opinion in 2009 was observed among 15.7% of respondents,
while in 2013 it fell to 8.5%.
Similar to 2009, in the recent survey the most widespread perception
of discrimination is with regard to party affiliation. For this category of
discrimination, 78.2% of respondents said that it was common.
According to the perceptions of the respondents, the second most
prevalent form of discrimination is the one on grounds of ethnicity and this
opinion is reported by 51% of respondents who think that this is a common
occurrence.
The third category is discrimination based on sexual orientation in which
46.3% of respondents said that it is common. It is evident in this category
that there is a significantly higher number of "do not know" answers (20.5%),
while in other categories the percentage of this response does not exceed
5.4%. If the calculation excludes these responses, the results will change
insignificantly in the other categories, but the percentage of respondents
who believe that discrimination based on sexual orientation is a common
occurrence increases to 58.2%.
The percentage of respondents who believe that discrimination on
grounds of disability is common is 42%, on the basis of age it is 39.8%, and
on the basis of gender it is 36.5%. The latter category is the only one for
which percentage of respondents believes that this discrimination happens
more rarely and it is 44%
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
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Figure1.1.PresenceofdierenttypesofdiscriminatonintheRepublicof
Macedonia(in%)
The cross-tabulation of results according to socio-demographic
characteristics shows that the ethnic Albanians observe discrimination on
ethnic grounds more frequently than Macedonians (80% vs. 43%). In terms
of age groups, it is observed more among younger groups (15 to 26 years
- 58%) versus older (55 and older - 45%). Supporters of VMRO - DPMNE
(37%) to a lesser extent believe that there is such discrimination,compared
to SDSM supporters (51%), DUI (77%) and DPA (72%). In terms of place of
residence, residents of rural areas believe to a greater extent that there is
discrimination than in urban (59% vs. 46%) areas. Regionally, this perception
is most noticeable in Polog in the Northeast, the Southwest and in the Skopje
region, and least in Pelagonija and in the Eastern region.
Women are more likely to perceive gender-based discrimination than
men (41% vs. 32%). The same is the case according to ethnic groups,
where Albanians perceive it more than Macedonians (48% vs. 33%) and
SDSMsupporters compared to VMRO -DPMNE (39% vs. 31%).

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
22,4 28,6 23,2 12,9 10,5
23,7 30,9 16,6 13,6 11,4
8,4 28,2 25,0 19,1 16,5
12,1 27,8 23,3 17,8 16,5
22,4 23,9 13,9 10,9 8,5
20,4 19,5 15,1 9,0 15,7
11,4 28,4 23,0 17,2 16,2
18,6 29,9 22,0 11,6 13,8
12,6 28,1 19,5 17,3 17,7
14,4 22,5 22,4 17,4 18,3
14,2 27,9 16,3 18,4 17,8
17,4 27,4 19,9 16,7 14,3
56,6 21,7 7,0 4,6 7,2
55,5 22,3 8,4 4,8 6,0
How frequent is any of the listed types of
discriminaton?

Party aliaton
Disability
Religion
Age
Sexual orientaton
Gender
Ethnical belonging
Very frequent Quite frequent Quite rare Very rare Does not exist 2013 2009
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
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Discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation1 is more perceived
bySDSMsupporters (65%) than the VMRO - DPMNE (57%). The same is the
case with DUI supporters who perceive it more often than those of DPA (55%
vs. 4%).
Women (43%) more frequently perceive discrimination on basis of age
than men (37%). In terms of age groups, the discrimination is noticed more
by the older than younger ones. In terms of the ethnic groups, Albanians
increasingly perceive this form of discrimination than Macedonians - in this
case 19% of Macedonian respondents claimed that such discrimination does
not exist, as opposed to only 8% of the Albanian respondents.
Frequent discrimination by religious affiliation is mainly observed by
younger respondents, compared to older; almost two-thirds of ethnic
Albanians (63%), compared to one third (33%) of the Macedonians. In terms
of political parties, supporters of SDSM (42%) to a greater extent notice the
phenomenon than those of VMRO - DPMNE (30%). Analyzed by place of
residence, it is more noticeable among respondents from rural areas.
Discrimination on the basis of disability is more often noticedby women
(44%) than men (40%). Half of Albanians (51%) believe that this form
of discrimination is common,while 39%of Macedonians think the same.
DUI (51%) and SDSM (50%) supporters to a greater extent consider this
discrimination as common compared to those of DPA (43%) and VMRO -
DPMNE (33%).
Supporters of all parties believe that discrimination by party affiliation is
common. Two- thirds of supporters of VMRO - DPMNE think so and to even
greater extent the supporters of other parties (85% or more within each of
the subgroups).
Respondents were also asked to assess whether each of the grounds for
discrimination were more or less frequent compared with five years ago.
In 2013 as well the respondents believed that discrimination on the basis
of party affiliation is more frequent than in the past five years. In this study,
70% of respondents said that such discrimination is frequent.
For majority of respondents (56%) discrimination on ethnic grounds has
increased in the last five years. Almost half of the respondents, i.e. 49%
believe that discrimination on grounds of age is increased compared to the
situation five years ago.
Just like to the first question, the percentage of those who answered "do
not know" in the section on discrimination based on sexual orientation is
significantly larger than the rest, accounting to 16%. Of those who answered
the question, 48% of respondents said it was frequent. In a similar scale,
1 Do not know responses are included here
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48% of respondents felt that discrimination on grounds of religion is more
frequent compared with the situation five years ago.
Respondents believe that there is a reduction of discrimination on
grounds of gender and disability. The results show that 51% of respondents
believe that discrimination on grounds of disability is reduced compared to
the situation five years ago, and 49% believe that there is a reduction of
discrimination by gender.
Figure1.2.PrevalenceofvariousformsofdiscriminatoninMacedonianow,com-
paredwiththesituatonveyearsago(in%)
Prevalence of discrimination on grounds of ethnicity compared to the
situation five years ago is perceived by Albanians (69%) and Macedonians
(51%). Supporters of VMRO - DPMNE (42%) believe that this form of
discrimination is less frequent compared with DUI supporters (65%), DPA
(66%) and SDSM (59%).
Incidence of discrimination based on gender is perceived to a greater
extent by Albanians (56%), compared with the Macedonians (43%). It is also
more pronounced among supporters of the DUI (51%) and SDSM (50%) than
among DPA (43%) and VMRO - DPMNE (36%) supporters.
Prevalence of discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation is perceived


25
15
20
16
18
15
45
31
31
28
32
30
27
25
27
32
23
29
30
31
17
13
17
12
17
17
20
09
00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Ethnical belonging
Gender
Sexual orientaton
Age
Religion
Disability
Party aliaton
To what extent various forms of discriminaton
are more frequent compared to ve years ago?
More frequent Quite frequent Quite rare Much rare
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
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bymore SDSM (56%) supporters than VMRO - DPMNE (42%). The percentage
of "do not know" response is significantly higher among supporters of DUI
and DPA.
More frequent discrimination on grounds of age is more perceived bySDSM
(50%) supporters than others. Regarding the incidence of discrimination on
grounds of religion, Albanians (56%) perceive it more than Macedonians
(46%). Regarding the party affiliation DUI (54%) and SDSM (52%) supporters
perceive this form of discrimination more compared with those of DPA (41%)
and VMRO - DPMNE (37%).
Prevalence of discrimination based on disability is perceived by supporters
of SDSM (50%) to a greater extent than in DUI supporters (40%) and VMRO
- DPMNE (35%). Among DPA supporters there is a large percentage of
undecided, compared with other groups of supporters.
Regarding the discrimination on the basis of party affiliation, the difference
in perception is observed between supporters of opposition parties (SDSM
and DPA with 74%), DUI (68%) and VMRO - DPMNE (56%)..
1.2.Acceptance of dierences
Similarly to the study in 2009, one can say that the citizens feel comfortable
to live in a neighborhood that includes different groups. On a scale from 1
to 9, high percentage of respondents said that they would feel comfortable
if they had as a neighbor a member of a marginalized group. An exception
is the low average of convenience of citizens if they had gay as a neighbor.
Table1.1.Howcomfortablewouldyoufeel(1to9)ifyouhaveasyourneighbor::
Mean Standard deviaton
Roma 7,5 2,5
Disabled person 8,1 2,1
Homosexual 4 3,5
Other ethnic group 7,7 2,3
Other religion 7,8 2,2
Other politcal party 8,2 2
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In terms of acceptance of Roma as neighbors, it is found that women
are more willing than men to accept. In terms of age, level of readiness for
acceptance grows with age, so that each subsequent generation shows a
higher average of convenience in having a Roma as a neighbor. The results
show that Macedonians are more willing to accept the Roma, and the same
is found for those who are not supporters of any political party and urban
residents. Respondents from Skopje and from the Eastern region show higher
averages than residents of other regions.
Looking into the degree of acceptance of neighbors with disabilities, the
results show that the youngest age group has lowest average or shows less
tolerance than other groups. Albanians are less willing to accept them than
the Macedonians, and those with higher education would be more tolerant
than those with lower. Supporters of DUI are more willing for accepting these
neighbors than DPA, and it is similar between supporters of SDSM and VMRO
- DPMNE. Urban areas are somewhat more willing to accept people with
disabilities, and the same can be said for Skopje and Pelagonija region.
The results show that women are more willing to accept homosexuals
as neighbors than men. The same can be said for those between 19 and
37 years of age, and Macedonians. Citizens with higher education would be
more willing to accept gay neighbors alike as supporters of SDSM and VMRO
- DPMNE, although there is a difference between them. Citizens of urban
areas would show a greater degree of tolerance than the citizens who live in
rural areas.
Older generations more readily accept neighbors of a different ethnicity,
and the same goes for the higher educated citizens. Supporters of DUI would
be more tolerant to accept neighbors of different ethnicity than those of
DPA. Difference between supporters of SDSM and VMRO - DPMNE exists,
but is less pronounced. Residents in urban areas would be more tolerant on
this issue.
Similarly as in the previous question, the older generations show higher
tolerance to neighbors from other religions, and the same goes for the
more educated. Those living in urban areas would be more willing to accept
neighbors who belong to another religion.
When it comes to neighbors with different party affiliation, women show
higher willingness to accept it as older generations and those with higher
education.
Respondents were asked, on a scale from 1 to 9, to assess how acceptable
it would be if the highest elected office belongs to a member of one of
these groups. The results show that citizens have the most problems with a
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
17
person with a homosexual orientation to be in power. For all other categories
thelevel of acceptance is far higher.
Table1.2.Tolerancetoselectedpublicocialsbelongingtospecicgroups:
Mean Standard deviaton
Woman 8,5 1,5
Homosexual 3,5 3,3
Person belonging to ethnic group
dierent than majority one
6,9 2,8
Person younger than 30 6,5 3
Person belonging to religious group
dierent than majority one
7,1 2,6
Disabled person 6,5 3,1
The results show that women would more readily accept another woman,
homosexual or person younger than 30 years to be in such a position.
The acceptance of a woman as an official increases with age of citizens,
and similar results occur regarding the acceptance of ethnic and religious
minorities, as well as members of the opposition political party. The
generation between 19 and 26 years is more willing than the others to accept
homosexual as a holder of high official position.
Macedonians are more willing than Albanians to accept homosexual and
person with a disability as a high official, and the reverse is the case for the
acceptability of an official who comes from an ethnic and religious minority
group. Macedonians are more willing to accept a person older than 75 years
as a high official.
Citizens with higher education would easily accept gay, person from a
minority ethnic or religious group, a person with a disability or someone who
is older than 75 years to be elected for official. Less educated would more
easier accept a person under 30 years to be elected to the highest office.
To a greater extent supporters of SDSM would accept a homosexual as
official. Supporters of DUI and DPA are more willing to accept a person of
minority ethnic and religious groups to hold an official position.
Residents of rural areas are less willing to accept gay as official. Those
who live in urban environments would find it easier to accept a person with a
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
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disability or a member of the opposition party or person older than 75 years
to be elected for highest office.
Figure1.3.Exposuretoothergroups(in%)
The results show that there is a different exposure of respondents
towards various interest groups included in this research. The vast majority
of respondents have friends or acquaintances froma party which has views
they disagree with or another ethnic group. About 79.4% of respondents
have in their social network people from other religion. Total of 67.6% of
respondents have acquaintances or friends who are Roma, and 63.2% have
friends who have some form of disability. Only 8.9% of respondents said they
have friends or acquaintances who are gay.
85,5
67,6
8,9
63,2
79,4
88,6
0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,08 0,09 0,01 00,0
Do you have friends or acquaintances from:
Persons from a party you disagree with
Persons with dierent religion
Homosexuals
Persons with disability
Roma
Members of other etnic group
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Figure1.4.-Perceptionofbelongingtoaminority(in%):
In the survey respondents were asked whether they felt as a minority in
the place where they live. The results show that in most cases, respondents
believe that they are minority on the basis of ethnicity and party affiliation.
Less pronounced are cases where respondents believe that they are
members of the religious minority in the place where they live, and similarly
for those who consider themselves a minority in terms of disability. Only
3.1% of respondents said they feel like a minority in relation to their sexual
orientation.
05 10 15 20
In the place of residence thinks s/he
belongs to minority according to:
party aliaton
disability
sexual
religious
ethnical
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
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Barometer for Equal Opportunites
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2. Experience with discriminaton
Respondents were further asked about their experience with
discriminatory behavior as direct victims on one hand, or as witnesses of
such behavior on the other in the past 12 months.
Analysis of the results shows that 22.2% of respondents declared that in
the past year they had been the victim of discrimination and harassment on
a minimum of one of the offered grounds.
The most frequent reason for discriminatory behavior, although still
among a small minority of respondents, is party affiliation (13.1%). At least
emphasized reason for discrimination is sexual orientation (0.4%), which may
be due to the stigma that surrounds this topic.
In the past 12 months,30.8% of respondents found themselves in a
situation to witness discrimination. Again, party affiliation is the most
common reason for this.
In terms of party affiliation, compared with the results of the survey in
2009, there is a moderate decrease in relation to this question (18.2%). The
percentage of witnesses, however, of discrimination on the basis of party
affiliation is 17.5%, which is moderately decreased from 2009 (24.6%)..
Figure2.1.Haveyoupersonallyexperiencedorhaveyouwitnessedthefollowing
formsofdiscriminaton(in%):
05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
10,2 13
2013 2009
12,9 15,2
4,5 10
6,8 7,9
0,4 7,0
1,0 2,9
5,4 10
8,9 8,7
5,6 10
6,0 6,5
1,6 12
2,7 4,6
13,1 18
18,2 24,6
Yes, personally Yes, I've witnessed
Party aliaton
Disability
Religion
Age
Sexual orientaton
Gender
Ethnical belonging
Experience with discriminaton
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
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Of those who personally experienced discrimination because of party
affiliation, two thirds (62.9%) were men. Half of those who experienced it are
Macedonians (54.3%), 39.5% are Albanians. In terms of preferences towards
certain parties, of those who personally experienced discrimination, 17.6%
are supporters of VMRO - DPMNE, 12.4% of SDSM, 15.2% of DUI and 4.3%
of DPA.
Witnesses of discriminatory behavior because of party affiliation were
both Macedonian and Albanian respondents. By increasing the level of
education, the experience of discrimination also increases both as a witness
and as a personal experience. Of those who were in the role of witness,
17.6% are supporters of VMRO - DPMNE, 10.8% of SDSM, 9% of DUI and
3.9% of DPA.
Ethnicity as a reason for discrimination is felt among 10.2% of respondent,
compared with 2009 when 12.9% of respondents stated that they were
discriminated against on the basis of ethnicity. In the role of the witness,
discrimination on ethnic grounds is found among 12.7% of respondents,
which is slightly less than the state in 2009 when 15.2% were placed in such
a role.
Of those who said they personally experienced discrimination due to
ethnicity, 66.9% were men, 33.1% were women. Seen through the prism of
ethnicity - 32.5% of Macedonians felt discriminated against, versus 55.8%
of Albanians. Taking into account the preferences of the particular political
party, the people who have experienced discrimination, 13.6% belong
to VMRO-DPMNE, 4.9% to SDSM, 21% to DUI and 4.9% to DPA. A third of
respondents (33.3%) who experienced discrimination are from Polog region,
and a third (30.2%) from Skopje, 12.3% from the northeastern region, while
10.5% from in the Southwest.
Two- thirds (65%) of respondents who reported that they were witness
to discriminatory behavior live in town. Through the prism of ethnicity, two
thirds (64.5%) of those who were witnesses are Macedonians, while 26.6%
are Albanians.
Discrimination on grounds of religion or belief felt insignificant minority
of respondents (5.6%), while 10.1% were witness to such behavior. This is a
slight increase compared with the results of 2009 when 6.5% witnessed such
behavior.
Of respondents who experienced discrimination on grounds of religion or
belief, 67.8% were men. A third of them (36.7%) are Macedonians, while more
than half (55.6%) are Albanians. Regarding the witnessing of discrimination
on grounds of religion, 58% are Macedonians, versus 32.7% Albanians. This
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
23
shows that both experienced and witnessed discrimination on grounds of
religion is determined by ethnicity.
Gender as a reason for discrimination was experienced by 4.5% of
respondents, which is slightly different from four years ago when 6.8% of
respondents said they had experienced such discrimination. Minor changes
are observed in relation to the testimony of discriminatory behavior based
on gender - 10% and 7.9% in 2009
Of those respondents who said they had experienced discrimination on
gender grounds, two -thirds (64.4%) are from the city. Considering gender,
of those who experienced discrimination on grounds of gender, 60.3% are
women, while 53.4% of those who experienced such discrimination are
Macedonians, versus 35.6%Albanians. According to the level of education of
respondents who experienced gender discrimination, minority (45.2%) have
completed secondary education, 38.4% high and 16.4% have completed
primary education. A small minority (17.3%) of those who experienced
discrimination are supporters of VMRO - DPMNE, insignificant minority (8%)
are supporters of SDSM, 14.7% of DUI and 1.3% of DPA.
Sexual orientation was a reason for discrimination in 1% of respondents.
This result does not differ from the image obtained in 2009, when 0.4%
stated that they felt discriminated against it. Bit more respondents witnessed
discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation (7%), which is slightly
increased from the previous survey where 2.9% reported they witnessed
such behavior.
A small number of respondents (5.4%) were also victims of discrimination
because of their age. In 2009 this percentage was 8.9.Total of 9.8% of
respondents found themselves in the role of witness to discrimination
because of age, which differs slightly from the previous survey (8.7%).
Minor changes are observed among respondents who felt discrimination
because of disability (1.6% vs. 2.7% in 2009). Moderate increase was observed
among participants who had witnessed discrimination - 11.6% versus 4.6%
in 2009
It can be observed that in respect of all grounds for discrimination, the
percentage of those who have been a witness of discrimination is greater
than those who were direct victims of such behavior. This difference is
especially visible in discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation and
disability.
The perception of whether and how common is certain phenomenon of
discrimination is related to the personal experience of discrimination and the
testimony of the same, no matter on what grounds is discrimination.
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
24
2.1.Experience with multple discriminaton
The vast majority of respondents (77.8%) did not personally experience
discrimination or did not see such behavior. A small minority (12%)
experienced discrimination only on one ground. Discrimination on all grounds
was experienced by 0.2% of respondents.
From respondents who experienced discrimination, a quarter experienced
discrimination on more than one basis.
Table2.1.Experiencewithmultplediscriminaton(in%)
Multple Discriminaton
% %
Not a single ground 1244 77,8
One ground 192 12,0
Two grounds 89 5,6
Three grounds 40 2,5
Four grounds 16 1,0
Five grounds 11 0,7
Six grounds 4 0,3
All grounds 3 0,2
Total 1600 100,0
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
25
3. Fight against discriminaton
Asked whether they agree to introduce specific measures to ensure equal
employment opportunities for all persons, respondents largely supported
these measures. This applies to all areas of potential discrimination. A lesser
support occurs in respect of sexual orientation.
Seen through the prism of ethnicity, there is no difference between the
support for such measures given by the Macedonian or Albanian respondents,
except that there is a difference in terms of the support that they give for
measures to ensure equal opportunities in terms of sexual orientation (81.4%
Macedonian respondents versus 58.4% of Albanian respondents).
In terms of measures to ensure equal employment opportunities
regardless of sexual orientation, there are significant differences among
respondents depending on the place of residence, where those from the
cities give more support. Also female respondents are more willing to support
such measures. With the increase of the level of education, increases in the
acceptance and implementation of such measures are observed.
Figure3.1.Acceptanceofmeasuresforensuringequalopportunities(in%)
1,7
1,4
1,5
1,5
82,1 9,8 3,3 2,5
85,5 7,3 3,2 1,9
66,4
83,2
9,6
9,5
5,8
3,4
6,6 9,3
1,6
84,3 8,6 3,0 1,8
81,4
82,6
10,1
6,4
3,9
4,9
1,9
2,1
1,9
3,3
00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Fully agree Partally agree Neutral Partally disagree Fully disagree Fully agree Partally agree Neutral Partally disagree Fully disagree Fully agree Partally agree Neutral Partally disagree Fully disagree Fully agree Partally agree Neutral Partally disagree Fully disagree Fully agree Partally agree Neutral Partally disagree Fully disagree Fully agree Partally agree Neutral Partally disagree Fully disagree Fully agree Partally agree Neutral Partally disagree Fully disagree
Approval for introducing equal opportunites
measures
Party aliaton
Disability
Religion
Age
Sexual orientaton
Gender
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
26
A third of the population (34.2% cumulatively from "best efforts are
made" and "sufficient efforts aremade") believe that the country is making
efforts to combat all forms of discrimination. However, insignificant minority
believes that best efforts are made (6.4%), which is less than half of those
who believe that no efforts are made (14%).
Of Macedonian respondents 8.1% believe that they are making an effort,
as opposed to 31.6% of the Albanian population that believes that they are
making no effort at all.
Of those who think that no efforts are made, 61% are men vs. 39%
women, while 3.1% of them are supporters of VMRO - DPMNE, 12.6% of
SDSM, 18.5% of DUI and 7.7% of DPA.
Figure3.2Perceptionofthedegreeofeffortsmadetocombatdiscrimination
The analysis of the responses to this question shows that those who
think that the invested efforts are not sufficient to eradicate discrimination
(cumulatively "best efforts are made" and "sufficient efforts aremade") also
believe that the discrimination is common (cumulative "quite common" and
"very frequent"), no matter of the grounds of discrimination.
The same observation can be made if we compare the responses
of those who personally experienced discrimination and those who
witnessed discriminatory behavior with the perception for measures against
discrimination. Those who have experienced or witnessed discrimination, do
not consider fighting against it..
6,4
27,8
45,4
14,0
0,05 ,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 30,03 5,04 0,04 5,05 0,0
Could you say that Republic of Macedonia makes
eorts to ght all types of discriminaton?
No eorts are made
Insucient eorts are made
Sucient eorts are made
Best eorts are made
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
27
4. Knowledge of rights
The analysis of the responses to the question whether respondents
know their rights in the event of discrimination shows that more than half of
respondents (55.7%) believe that they are familiar with their rights in terms
of discrimination. Yet almost half of respondents (41.2%) believe that they
do not know their rights.
Taking into account the socio-demographic structure, ethnic Albanians
tend to believe more that they know their rights than ethnic Macedonians
(64.9% of Albanians versus 53.6% of Macedonians). By increasing the level
of education, there is growing awareness of ones rights (42.2% of those with
primary education think that they know them, 54.8% of those with secondary
and 65.5% of those with higher education).
Figure4.1.Knowledgeofrightsforprotectionagainstdiscrimination(in%)
Taking into account the experience of the respondents with discrimination,
whether as a direct victim or a witness, those respondents who had
experienced it say they know their rights more. This picture is different only
55,7
41,2
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
Yes No
Do you know your rights in case you
become victm of discriminaton?
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
28
among those who have experienced or witnessed discrimination based on
sexual orientation, where those who have had experience with this type
of discrimination are less informed about their rights. However this result
needs to be approached carefully, because this data is received on very few
respondents (low percentage of those who have experienced or witnessed
discrimination based on sexual orientation).
Asked if they would seek protection from relevant institutions and
organizations in case they are a victim of discrimination, the overwhelming
majority (80.9%) of respondents state that they would seek.
Slightly more men would choose to seek protection (16.9%), versus
12% of women who would do it. However this difference is not significant.
Seen through the prism of ethnicity, there are differences in this decision.
It is noticeable that with increased levels of education, the decision to seek
protection decreases (80.5% of those with primary education would seek
protection, 82.6% of those with secondary and 78% of those with high).
Figure4.2.Willingnesstoseekprotectionincaseofdiscrimination(in%)
6,0
24,8
7,3
8,0
1,8
0,8
5,0
12,9
0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 30,0
Court
Police
Ombudsman
Commission for Protecton against Discriminaton
Lawyer
Trade Union
CSO
Other (write down)
Where would you seek protecton?
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
29
No matter whether they know their rights, in the event of discrimination
majority of respondents would seek protection from an institution /
organization - 84.1% of those who know their rights and 77.4% of those who
do not know their rights.
Finally, respondents were asked where they would turn to seek protection
in the event of discrimination.
In most cases police are mentioned as first institution or organization
(24.8%). Commission for Protection against Discrimination is first mentioned
institution in 8% of the cases. As first mentioned institution in a third place is
the Ombudsman (7.35%).
It is indicative that almost a third of respondents (33.4%) did not know
how to answer this question.
The court as an institution for protection from discrimination as first
mentioned option appears significantly more among Albanian respondents
(12.6%), compared to 3.3% of the Macedonians. To the Ombudsman as first
mentioned option would turn 5.6% of the Macedonian population, compared
with 11.9% of the Albanian population.
Figure4.3.Institutionswhereyouwouldseekforhelp(in%)
14,5
80,9
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
80,0

If you are victm of discriminaton or
harassment, would you seek protecton from
relevant insttutons, organizatons?
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
30
Half of the respondents list at list one otherinstitution / organization they
would contact.
Further analysis of the responses shows that besides the first mentioned
institution, 18.8% of respondents would choose the court as an option for
seeking protection. Police would be chosen by 13.2%, the Commission for
Protection against Discrimination by 12.4%. The same percentage (12%)
would address any civil society organization.
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
31
CONCLUSIONS
Perceptons of discriminaton
Compared with the 2009 survey, the perception that discrimination is
widespread dominates over the perception that discrimination is absent.
The most widespread forms of discrimination are those on the basis of party
affiliation and ethnicity, reflecting the state of society in which the common
people are mainly "classified" according to these two categories.
It seems that the benefit of debate about discrimination is the raised
awareness about this practice towards people with non-heterosexual
orientation. Compared with previous research, the perception that
discrimination on this basis exists has increased. However, other results
show that the sensitivity about this issue is not increased, there is only a
greater awareness of the existence of the practice. In this respect, more
work is needed in this field by the competent authorities, in cooperation
with interested civil society organizations.
Another confirmation of the frequent discrimination based on party and
ethnical belonging are results to the question whether the practice is more
frequent compared with the situation five years ago. For these two forms of
discrimination the perceptions are that these are most frequent, while for
the other forms of discrimination such opinion is less pronounced. According
to public opinion, discrimination on grounds of sex and disability is reduced
compared to the situation five years ago.
These are indicators that show that competent authorities should
interpret and deal with the various forms of discrimination more broadly. The
perception of widespread discrimination by party affiliation indicates to a
situation in which citizens, whether they are victims or witnesses, anticipate
or know about it from their wider social network. Dealing with this form,
especially as it is not often assumed in the notion of discrimination, could be
the result of proactive actions that will be sensitive to what the indicators of
the survey show.
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
32
Acceptance of dierences
For many of the forms of discrimination, the results suggest that citizens
are relatively tolerant of living in neighborhoods with members of different
groups. The results should be viewed cautiously because they may be affected
by the socially desirable responses. According to the results, citizens are the
most tolerant towards living in neighborhoods with people with disabilities
or members of a different political party.
However, citizens show low tolerance to neighbors who would be of a non-
heterosexual orientation. The resultsto question significantly differs from the
relatively high scores to other questions. Actually, this result confirms the
conclusion that the increased perception about this form of discrimination
is not the result of increased sensitivity of the citizens, but the exposure to
more information due to frequent coverage of this issue in the media.
One of the signs of tolerance is the acceptance a member of a different
group to hold high position in the society. Similar to the previous topic, the
citizens find it least acceptable a man or a woman with a non-heterosexual
orientation to be in such high position.
It is obvious that more work is needed in this area so that the members of
these groups could find it easier to integrate in the neighborhoods in which
they live.
For other categories, citizens show a higher level of acceptability. As
stated previously, the results are subject to socially desirable response, but
it can be said that citizens are more willing to accept or vote for women and
people belonging to different ethnic and religious groups as well as persons
with disabilities.
Experiences with discriminaton
The survey shows that a fifth of respondents had experienced
discrimination, while one third had witnessed discrimination to a third party.
The results however do not reflect the real situation of discrimination in the
country, given that the population of the Republic of Macedonia is still not
sensitive enough to recognize this.
Belonging to a particular political party again is on the top as the biggest
factor for discrimination.
Those who have recognized someone has discriminated them or a
third person are the same ones who believe that there is a higher level of
discrimination in the country.
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
33
It is noticeable that the experience with certain types of discrimination is
related with certain socio-demographic aspects.
Fight against discriminaton
The majority of respondents give declarative support to the measures for
ensuring equal employment rights. It is concerning that there is a decline
regarding the support when it comes to measures ensuring equal rights of
employment to people with different sexual orientation. Throughout the
research, it is evident that sexual orientation is still taboo and people with
different sexual orientation are stigmatized.
Two-thirds of respondents do not recognize measures for combating
discrimination as sufficient. From the data we can see again that those who
believe that there is a greater level of discrimination and those who have had
experience with it, are more inclined to consider taking measures to combat
discrimination as insufficient.
Knowledge of Rights
The fact that almost half of respondents do not know their rights in cases
of discrimination and are not aware of the mechanisms for the protection
of the same is quiet concerning. Knowing the rights grows with the level
of education. But even more remarkable is that more than half claim to
be familiar with these rights. This data should be interpreted carefully,
keeping in mind that the given answers may be socially desirable. Just a few
questions later in the questionnaire it becomes obvious that the answers are
contradicting - a third of respondents did not know where to turn in case
of discrimination, a quarter would initially go to police. Second consecutive
institution they would contact is the Commission for Protection against
Discrimination, followed by the Ombudsman and the court.
Macedonia, is a country with multicultural context, but is still struggling
with acceptance of differences and diversity in the society. Some groups still
live isolated from others, such as Roma; certain lifestyles are still stigmatized
as deviant, such as sexual orientation. Discrimination and civil rights are
known to the population only in a declarative manner; the survey responses
are socially desirable, contrary to what the situation in the field shows. In
this context, it is necessary to develop programs that will stimulate the
acceptance of differences, and at the same time increase the sensitivity
to the signs that one's rights are limited on the basis of such differences.
Protective mechanisms that are available should be intensified and at the
same time should reach the population through various campaigns.
Given that the police are the primary choice for support in case of
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
34
discrimination, it is important to network the police with the Commission for
Protection against Discrimination, the court and all stakeholders in order to
deal with cases of discrimination and to get better insight and control over
the real situationwith discrimination in the country
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
35
ANNEXES
Questonnaire
(Readbeforetheinterview)
The questions that follow refer to the topic of discrimination.
Discrimination means unequal treatment of people, or different
treatment of people just because they are female or male, members of a
particular ethnic group or community, have a certain religion, are disabled,
etc. Unequal treatment may be visible, such as deliberate announcement
of job advertisement requiring workers of a particular ethnic group or just
males. Also unequal treatment can be hidden, such as hosting a job interview
during a religious holiday, because members of certain religious group will
not be able to attend it.
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
36
Q1. Could you tell me what do you think, how common is each of these
forms of discriminaton in the Republic of Macedonia? Discriminaton on the
basis of..
Not existent
(1)
Very rare
(2)
Quite rare
(3)
Quite frequent
(4)
Very frequent
(5)
Do not
know(9)
Ethnical belonging
Gender
Sexual orientaton(eg. homosexuality)
Age
Religion or convicton
Disability (mental or physical disability)
Party a liaton
Q2. If you compare the current situaton with the one 5 years ago,
would you say that the following forms of discriminaton are more common
or less common in the Republic of Macedonia? Discriminaton on the basis
of...
Much rare (1) Quite rare (2) Quite frequent (3) More frequent (4) Donot know(9)
Ethnical belonging
Gender
Sexual orientaton (eg. homosexuality)
Age
Religion or convicton
Disability (mental or physical disability)
Party a liaton
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
37
Q3. In the past 12 months have you personally felt discriminated or harassed
or have you witnessed when someone was discriminated or harassed on one or
more of the following grounds? Have you been discriminated against on the basis
of...? Please list all grounds that you think are relevant.
Yes, personally (1) Yes, I have witnessed (2) None (3)
Ethnical belonging
Gender
Sexual orientaton (e.g. homosexuality)
Age
Religion or convicton
Disability (mental or physical disability)
Party a liaton
Not discriminated
Other reason (write down)
Q4. On a scale from 1 to 9, could you tell me how you would personally
feel in each of the following situatons? The scale of 1 means that you feel
very uncomfortable and 9 means that you feel very comfortable in that
situaton.
Very uncomfortable Quite comfortable Indierent (do not read) Do not know (do not read)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 99
If you have a neighbor, who is:
Roma
Disabled
Homosexual(gayor lesbian)
Other ethnic group,dierent than yours
Other religion or convictons, dierent than yours
Member or supporter of a another politcal party, dierent than the one you support
of you are a liated with
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
38
Q5. Do you have friends or acquaintances who are...?
Yes (1) No (2) Do not know (3)
Members of other ethnic community
Roma
Homosexual
Disabled person
Persons with religion or convictons dierent than yours
Members of politcal party, whose positons are dierent than yours
Q6. Do you think that in your place residence you belong to one of the
following? Please list all that you deem relevant.
Yes (1) No (2) Do not know (3)
Ethnic minority
Religious minority
Sexual minority
Minority in terms of disability
Minority in terms of party a liaton
None of the above
Other minority group (write down)_____________________________________
Do not know (DO NOT READ)
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
39
Q7. On a scale from 1 to 9, could you tell me how would you feel if one
of the following categories of persons received the highest elected positon of
power in the Republic of Macedonia?
Very uncomfortable Quite comfortable Indierent (do not read) Do not know (do not read)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 99
Woman
Homosexual (gay or lesbian)
Person belonging to ethnic group dierent than majority one
Person younger than 30
Person belonging to religious group dierent than majority one
Disability (mental or physical disability)
Person from politcal party that is not in power
Person older than 75
Q8. Would you agree or would you be against the introducton of spe-
cic measures to provide equal employment opportunites to all individuals?
For example, these measures include: special training programs or quota sys-
tem for the employment of people based on their...
Fully agree (1)
Partally agree
(2)
Neither agree, nor
disagree (3)
Partally dis-
agree (4)
Fully dis-
agree (5)
Do not
know (9)
Ethnical belonging
Gender
Age
Religion or convicton
Disability (mental or physical disability)
Sexual orientaton
Party a liaton
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
40
Q9. Generally speaking, could you say that eorts are made in Republic
of Macedonia to combat all forms of discriminaton?
ONLY ONE ANSWER 1
Best eorts are made 1
Su cient eorts are made 2
Insu cient eorts are made 3
No eorts are made 4
Do not know(DO NOT READ) 9
Q10. Do you know your rights if you become a victm of discriminaton?
READ
Yes 1
No 2
Other (write down) ___________________________________________________ 3
Do not know (DO NOT READ) 9
Q11. If you are a victm of discriminaton or harassment, would you
seek protecton from the relevant insttutons, organizatons?
1. Yes
2. No
9. 9. Do not know / refuses to answer (DO NOT READ)
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
41
Q12. Where would you seek protecton? And any oth-
er place? A dierent? DO NOT READ answers
Q12a
First mentoned
Q12b
Other
1 Court
2 Police
3 Ombudsman
4 Commission for Protecton against Discriminaton
5 Lawyer
6 Trade Union
7 Civil society organizaton
8 Other (write down)
9 Do not know/ refuses to answer (DO NOT READ)
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
42
Sample
The sample had 1,600 respondents. The population frame was defined
as the residents older than 18 years and representation criteria included:
gender, age, ethnical background, place of residence and regions.
Gender %
Male 50
Female 50
Age %
15-18yrs. 6,8
19-26 yrs. 15,4
27-37 yrs. 20,9
38-54 yrs. 29,8
55-64 yrs. 14,8
Over 65 yrs. 12,3
Ethnical Background %
Macedonian 69,1
Albanian 24,8
Turkish 1,4
Roma 1,1
Serb 1,5
Vlach 0,6
Other 1,5
Education %
Primary 17,7
Secondary 53,3
Higher 29
Place of residence %
Rural (village) 37,9
Urban (town) 62,1
Which political party do you favor
(spontaneous)?
%
VMRO-DPMNE 22,4
SDSM 11
DUI 8,6
DPA 2,5
Other 6,6
Not a single one 48,9
Region %
Skopje 29,1
Southeast 8,9
East 9
Northeast 8,9
Vardar 7,1
Southwest 10
Polog 16
Pelagonija 10,9
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
43
MCIC Prole
MCIC already 20 years is a significant actor in the civil
society in Macedonia and to some extent in the region, set
up on values, interests and on their advocacy and impact on
the society.
The vision of MCIC is peace, harmony and prosperity for
people in Macedonia, the Balkans and globally. In order to
turn this vision into reality, MCICs mission is to lead changes for resolving
the societal problems in innovative and alternative way, thus affecting the
other mainstream actors.
MCIC operates in sectors of social cohesion (employment, education,
dialogue and cultural diversity), local and rural development, civil society
and good governance.
Since 1993, MCIC has implemented a total of 1,578 projects worth over
50 million EUR.
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
44
Further reading
List of MCIC publicatons
htp://www.mcms.org.mk/mk/za-nasata-rabota/istrazuvana-i-publikaci-
i/345-lista-na-istrazuvana-i-publikacii.html
Bibliography
A Kralovski. (2010) Discrimination in Macedonia on the grounds of
ethnicity [online]. Skopje, Macedonian Center for International Cooperation
(MCIC). Address: <http://www.mcms.mk/images/docs/2011/diskriminacija-
na-etnicka-osnova-2011.pdf>
Beshka-Petroska V., Najcheska M. (2009) Barometer for Equal
Opportunities [online]. Skopje, Macedonian Center for International
Cooperation (MCIC). Address: <http://www.mcms.mk/images/docs/2009/
barometar-za-ednakvi-moznosti-mcms-2009.pdf>
Najchevska M., B. Kadriu. (2008) Glossary of terms related to
discrimination [online]. Skopje, Macedonian Center for International
Cooperation (MCIC). Address:http://www.mcms.mk/images/docs/2008/
poimnik-na-izrazi-povrzani-so-diskriminacijata-2008.pdf
How to refer to this publicaton
Popovi, M., Mihailovska, . (2013) Barometer for Equal Opportunities
2013[internet]. Skopje, Macedonian Center for International Cooperation
(MCIC). Address: http://www.mcms.org.mk/en/our-work/research-and-
publications/1542-barometar-za-ednakvi-mozhnosti.html [Visited on: date,
year].
Barometer for Equal Opportunites
45
CIP -
. ,
316.647.82(497.7)2013(047)
MIHAILOVSKA, Jasmina
Barometer for equal oportunites / [authors Jasmina Mihailovska,
Mia Popovi]. - Skopje : Macedonian centre for internatonal
cooperaton, 2014. - 46 . : . ; 21
: . 46. - : Annexes

ISBN 978-608-4681-23-6
1. Popovi, Mia []
) - - 2013 -
COBISS.MK-ID 96009482
BAROMETER FOR EQUAL
OPPORTUNITIES

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