Tavisuflebis instituti, 2005

informaciis Tavisufleba

crjkbc specifika

Tavisuflebis instituti

Tbilisi
2005
 4 vimedovnebT, rom es broSura Seasru-
lebs gzamkvlevis rols informaciis
Tavisuflebis sferoSi. aq SeZlebT ixi-
loT mokle mimoxilva Semdeg sakiTxeb-
ze: informaciis Tavisuflebis prob-
lematika saxelmwifoebriv doneze; is
samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi, romlebic
dResdReobiT informaciis Tavisuf-
lebas aregulireben saqarTveloSi; in-
formaciis Tavisuflebis problemati-
ka skolaSi; informaciis Tavisuflebis
praqtika skolaSi da bolos, ixilavT
tests, romlis saSualebiTac SegiZli-
aT Tqvens skolaSi adamianTa uflebe-
bis dacvis sferoSi arsebuli mdgoma-
reobis realuri suraTi miiRoT.
informaciis Tavisufleba

gzamkvlevi gamocemulia `vestminste-

ris fondis demokratiisaTvis~ (Westmin-
ster Foundation for Democracy) da `me-19 mux-
Westminster Foundation
for Democracy
lis~ (Article 19) finansuri daxmarebiT.
miuxedavad amisa, masSi gamoTqmuli mo-
sazrebebi SesaZloa ar gamoxatavdes
`vestminsteris fondis demokratii-
saTvis~ (Westminster Foundation for Democra-
cy) da `me-19 muxlis~ (Article 19) ofici-
alur pozicias.

ISBN 99940-714-5-9
 5
Sinaarsi

informaciis Tavisuflebis roli .......................................... 7

raSi mdgomareobs informaciis

Tavisuflebis uzrunvelyofasTan
dakavSirebuli problematika
saxelmwifo doneze? .................................................................... 8

ra sakanonmdeblo garantiebi icavs

informaciis Tavisuflebas saqarTveloSi? ........................ 9

ras gulisxmobs sajaro informacia? .................................. 11

arsebobs Tu ara informacia,

romlis gasaidumloebac SeuZlebelia
da, Sesabamisad, aucileblad unda iqnas gacemuli
sajaro dawesebulebis mier? .................................................. 12

romel konkretul Tanamdebobis pirs

unda mimarTos sajaro dawesebulebaSi
misulma moqalaqem sajaro informaciis
miRebis moTxovniT? .................................................................. 13

ra proceduraa gaTvaliswinebuli
sajaro informaciis misaRebad
sajaro dawesebulebidan? ....................................................... 13

ra saxis pasuxi SeiZleba gasces

sajaro dawesebulebam sajaro
informaciis gacemis Sesaxeb gancxadebaze? ...................... 15

raSi mdgomareobs informaciis

Tavisuflebis uzrunvelyofasTan
dakavSirebuli problematika skolis doneze? ................ 15
crjkbc

ramdenad sasargebloa informaciis

gamWvirvaloba skolaSi? .......................................................... 17
specifika
 6 rogoria informaciis Tavisuflebis
praqtika skolaSi? ..................................................................... 18
ra funqciebi eniWeba sameurveo sabWos? ............................ 19
raSi mdgomareobs informaciis Tavisuflebis
specifika sameurveo sabWos arCevnebisas? ........................ 21
skolis biujetis gamWvirvaloba .......................................... 22
ra saxis informacia SeiZleba warmoadgendes
pirad saidumloebas? ................................................................ 23
piradi monacemebis damuSaveba
da gavrceleba skolaSi ............................................................ 24
aqvT Tu ara mSoblebs ufleba piradi mizezebis
safuZvelze uari ganucxadon sameurveo
sabWos TavianTi bavSvebis Sesaxeb arsebuli
informaciis (magaliTad rogoricaa niSnebi)
sajaro ganxilvaze? .................................................................. 26
informaciis Tavisufleba

unda gamoqveyndes Tu ara skolis veb-gverdze

moswavleTa foto-suraTebi
da msgavsi informacia? ............................................................ 26
presas surs skoladamTavrebulTa saxelebis
gamoqveyneba. aqvs Tu ara skolas am monacemebis
gacemis ufleba? ......................................................................... 27
ramdenad vrceldeba informaciis Tavisufleba
moswavleTa niSnebze? ............................................................... 27
ramdenad gamWvirvale unda iyos
sagamocdo sakiTxebi? ............................................................... 29
skolaSi adamianis uflebebis
dacvis Sesafasebeli testi .................................................... 31
adamianis uflebebis da fundamenturi
Tavisuflebebis dacvis evropis konvencia ....................... 33
 7

informaciis Tavisuflebis roli

informaciis Tavisuflebas adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebisa da

Tavisuflebebis CamonaTvalSi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani adgili
ukavia. informaciis Tavisuflebis uzrunvelyofazea damokide-
buli adamianis sxva ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis
dacva.
informaciis Tavisufleba moicavs informaciis Zebnas, mopo-
vebasa da miRebas (pasiuri informaciis Tavisufleba) aseve in-
formaciis gadacemasa da gavrcelebas (aqtiuri informaciis Ta-
visufleba).
amgvarad, erTis mxriv es aris ufleba miviRoT informacia,
meores mxriv ki informaciis Tavisufleba moisazreba rogorc
azris gamoxatvis uflebis erT-erTi Semadgeneli komponenti da
gulisxmobs informaciis gavrcelebis uflebas. informaciis Ta-
visufleba aris azris gamoxatvis uflebis winapiroba, radganac
imisaTvis, raTa adamians Camouyalibdes obieqturi xedva ama Tu
im sakiTxis mimarT, saWiroa, man pirvel rigSi miiRos Sesabamisi
informacia.
xalxis mier xelisuflebis kontroli ver ganxorcieldeba,
Tuki sazogadoeba ar iqneba informirebuli saxelmwifo organo-
crjkbc
Ta saqmianobis Sesaxeb. im sazogadoebaSi, romelsac sakmarisi in-
formacia ar miewodeba saxelmwifo organoebis Sesaxeb, demokra-
tia mxolod moCvenebiT kategoriad Camoyalibdeba.
specifika
 8 raSi mdgomareobs informaciis Tavisuflebis
uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebuli
problematika saxelmwifo doneze?

saxelmwifo sistemis normalur funqcionirebas dRevandel

saqarTveloSi safrTxes is ki ar uqmnis, rom gamWvirvalobis Sem-
TxvevaSi moqalaqeTa mozRvavebuli interesis Sedegad maTi para-
lizeba moxdeba, aramed piriqiT _ sazogadoebis TiTqmis sruli
samoqalaqo nihilizmi da politikuri indiferentuloba.
saqarTveloSi saxelmwifosagan xalxis gaucxoebas xangrZlivi
istoriuli tradicia aqvs. TiTqmis 600 weli ar gvicxovria erTian
da damoukidebel saxelmwifoSi. bolo 200 weli qarTuli saxel-
mwifoebriobis wyvetas hqonda adgili, xolo ukanaskneli 70 weli
totalitaruli sistemis marwuxebSi viyaviT moqceulebi. 1990
wels aRdgenil saxelmwifoebriobas 1991-92 wlebSi momxdari sa-
moqalaqo omis gamo sazogadoebis sakmaod didi nawili aralegi-
timurad miiCnevda.
informaciis Tavisufleba

1995 wlis konstituciam qarTul saxelmwifos erTgvari legi-

timuroba SesZina. miuxedavad amisa, xelisuflebis institutebSi
gabatonebuli korufcia da ganukiTxaoba xels uSlis saqar-
Tvelos moqalaqeebs qarTuli saxelmwifo sakuTar qveynad CaT-
valon, xolo saxelmwifo saqme ki sazogadoebis yvela wevris pi-
rad saqmed miiCnion.
sazogadoebis TvalSi xelisufleba da misi msaxurni erTgvar
daxurul kastad aRiqmebian. xalxi Tanamdebobis pirTa yovel na-
bijs undoblobiTa da cinizmiT uyurebs. saxelmwifo moxeleTa
sityvebisa da saqmeebis ukan piradi interesebis Zebna ukve koleq-
tiuri paranoiis formas iRebs.
xalxisa da xelisuflebis gaucxoeba politikuri institu-
tebis erozias iwvevs da uaRresad saxifaToa axalgazrda qar-
Tuli saxelmwifosaTvis. im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca Tanamdebobis
pirebi xalxis interesebis Sesabamisad moqmedeben, oficialuri
politika sazogadoebis didi nawilisaTvis absoluturad gauge-
baria, zogjer ki _ kategoriuliad miuRebeli.
yovelive amas erTi ZiriTadi mizezi aqvs: dRevandel saqarT-
veloSi moqalaqeebs, rogorc wesi, ar esmiT sakuTari saxelm-
wifosi. xelisuflebis Sesaxeb adekvaturi informaciis uqonlo- 9
bis pirobebSi sazogadoeba Zveli stereotipebiT xelmZRvane-
lobs. aqedan gamomdinare, samTavrobo informaciis xelmisawv-
domobis mniSvneloba saxelmwifoebrivi aRmSeneblobis saqmeSi
dResaviT naTeli unda iyos.
axal qarTul saxelmwifoSi xalxsa da xelisuflebas Soris
gaucxoebis tradiciis dasaZlevad sakuTari moqalaqeebis ndobis
mopoveba SesaZlebeli rom gaxdes, sazogadoeba ufro aqtiurad
unda Caebas saxelmwifo sakiTxebis gadawyvetis procesSi.
mxolod mTavrobis gamWvirvaloba aRadgens xalxis ndobas sa-
xelmwifoebrivi institutebisadmi. sruli gamWvirvalobis piro-
bebSi gaifanteba sazogadoebis eWvebi da gaqreba Tanamdebobis
pirTa totaluri arakeTilsindisierebis stereotipi. mxolod
informaciis Tavisuflebis pirobebSia SesaZlebeli ganxorciel-
des demokratiis ideali _ saxelmwifo sistema Seqmnili xalxis
mier da xalxisaTvis.

ra sakanonmdeblo garantiebi icavs

informaciis Tavisuflebas saqarTveloSi?

informaciis Tavisuflebis upirvelesi garantia saqarTvelos

konstituciaa. konstituciis safuZvelze miRebuli kanonebia:
zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis mesame Tavi _ informaciis
Tavisufleba; kanoni saxelmwifo saidumloebis Sesaxeb; zogierTi
kanoni medicinisa da ekologiis sferoSi.
konstituciis 24-e muxlis Tanaxmad, yovel adamians aqvs uf-
crjkbc
leba Tavisuflad miiRos da gaavrcelos informacia. vinaidan Ta-
namedrove sazogadoebisaTvis saintereso informaciis erT-erT
ZiriTad wyaros aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba warmoadgens, kons-
tituciis 41-e muxlis pirveli nawili aRiarebs saqarTvelos yo-
specifika

veli moqalaqis uflebas kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gaecnos sa-

xelmwifo dawesebulebaSi arsebul informacias, agreTve iq ar-
sebul oficialur dokumentebs, Tu isini ar Seicavs saxelmwifo,
profesiul, pirad an komerciul saidumloebas.
 10 Tu konstituciis 41-e muxlis pirveli nawili Ria mTavrobis
princips amkvidrebs, amave muxlis meore nawilis safuZvelze
oficialur CanawerebSi arsebuli informacia, romelic dakavSi-
rebulia adamianis janmrTelobasTan, mis finansebTan an sxva
kerZo sakiTxebTan, aravisTvis ar unda iyos xelmisawvdomi am ada-
mianis Tanxmobis gareSe, garda kanoniT dadgenili SemTxvevebisa.
es norma bunebrivad gamomdinareobs konstituciis me-20 muxliT
aRiarebuli principidan, romelic yoveli adamianis piradi cxov-
rebis xelSeuxeblobas icavs.
konstituciis 37-e muxlis Tanaxmad, adamians ufleba aqvs mi-
iRos sruli da obieqturi informacia misi samuSao da sacxovre-
beli garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.
konstituciis Semdeg ZiriTadi sakanonmdeblo aqti, romelic
aregulirebs moqalaqeTa uflebas daeswros sajaro dawesebule-
bebSi sxdomebs, Tavisuflad miuwvdebodeT xeli oficilur do-
kumentebze, agreTve sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb xelisuflebis xelT
arsebul informaciaze, aris zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis
mesame Tavi _ informaciis Tavisufleba.
informaciis Tavisufleba

miuxedavad imisa, rom mTavrobis gamWvirvaleobis sferoSi

sxva kanonebic moqmedebs, aRniSnuli kodeqsis informaciis Tavi-
suflebis Tavi yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovan da efeqtur samarT-
lebriv debulebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.
bunebrivia, rac ufro farToa kanonis gamoyenebis sfero, miT
ufro didia interpretaciaTa diapazoni. viTarebas kidev ufro
arTulebs is garemoeba, rom zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis
informaciis Tavisuflebis Tavis garda moqmedebs sxva normati-
uli aqtebic, romelTa codna, marTalia, moqalaqes gancxadebis
Sedgenisas ar sWirdeba, magram Tanamdebobis pirisaTvis aris
aucilebeli gancxadebaze kanonieri da dasabuTebuli pasuxis
gasacemad.
gamWvirvale mTavrobis, konkretulad ki winamdebare naSromis
Temidan gamomdinare, gamWvirvale skolis arseboba sazogadoebis
sasicocxlo interess warmoadgens, magram es interesi gamonak-
lisis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba winaaRmdegobaSi movides meore, ara-
nakleb arsebiT sazogadoebriv interesTan, rogoricaa skolis
gamarTuli da efeqturi saqmianoba, piradi saidumloebis dacva
da a.S.
 amgvari winaaRmdegobebi damaxasiaTebelia nebismieri Tavi- 11
sufali sazogadoebisaTvis. kanoni mowodebulia garkveulwilad
daabalansos yvela legitimuri sazogadoebrivi interesi da
saSualeba ar misces Riaobis zogadi wesidan calkeul gamonak-
lisebs informaciis Tavisuflebis erozia moaxdinon.
konstituciuri normidan gamomdinare, informaciis Tavisuf-
lebis Tavi mTavrobis gamWvirvalobasTan erTad oficialur do-
kumentebSi arsebuli personaluri monacemebis konfidencialo-
bis sakiTxsac aregulirebs.
Cven gvaqvs ufleba moviTxovoT araswori monacemebis Seswo-
reba da ukanonod mopovebuli informaciis ganadgureba. am uf-
lebis dacva SesaZlebelia sasamarTlos saSualebiT. mTavroba
valdebulia agvinazRauros sakuTari daudevrobiT, SecdomiT an
ukanono moqmedebiT miyenebuli ziani.
informaciis Tavisuflebis sakiTxebs zogadi administra-
ciuli kodeqsis garda sxva sakanonmdeblo aqtebic aregulirebs.
amgvarad, aucilebelia, rom is sajaro mosamsaxure, visac uxdeba
informaciis Tavisuflebis sakiTxebis ganxilva da gadawyveta,
yvela am aqts safuZvlianad icnobdes.

ras gulisxmobs sajaro informacia?

zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi iZleva terminis _ „sajaro

informacia“ zust ganmartebas. kodeqsis me-2 muxlis pirveli pun-
qtis „m“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, sajaro informacia aris oficialu-
ri dokumenti (maT Soris: naxazi, maketi, sqema, gegma, fotosuraTi,
crjkbc
eleqtronuli informacia, video da audio Canawerebi), anu sa-
jaro dawesebulebaSi daculi, agreTve sajaro dawesebulebis an
mosamsaxuris mier samsaxureobriv saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT
miRebuli, damuSavebuli, Seqmnili an gagzavnili informacia.
sajaroa nebismieri informacia, romelic daculia sajaro dawe-
specifika

sebulebaSi da aucilebeli ar aris, rom igi mxolod qaRaldze

iyos gamosaxuli. amasTan sajaro informacia avtomaturad ar gu-
lisxmobs, rom es informacia Riaa.
sajaro informacia iyofa Ria da daxurul informaciad. Riaa
 12 nebismieri informacia, romelic kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli
wesiT ar aris gasaidumloebuli. kanonis Tanaxmad, daxurulia in-
formacia, romelic Seicavs saxelmwifo, komerciul an pirad sa-
idumloebas. skolis SemTxvevaSi, iSviaTi gamonaklisebis garda,
rogorc wesi, inaxeba mxolod piradi saidumloebis Semcveli
informacia.

arsebobs Tu ara informacia,

romlis gasaidumloebac SeuZlebelia da,
Sesabamisad, aucileblad unda iqnas gacemuli
sajaro dawesebulebis mier?

es aris informacia, romelic Seexeba garemomcveli garemos

mdgomareobas. aseve im safrTxes, romelic emuqreba an SeiZleba
daemuqros adamianis sicocxles an/da janmrTelobas. garda amisa,
informaciis Tavisufleba

gasaidumloebas ar eqvemdebareba informacia administraciuli

organoebis struqturisa da misi Tanamdebobis pirebis, aRniSnul
organoebSi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis, arCeviTi Tanamdebobis
pirTa arCevis, informaciis Segrovebis, damuSavebis da gacemis,
sajaro dawesebulebaTa finansuri saqmianobis Sesaxeb.
aRsaniSnavia, rom adamianis sicocxlis, janmrTelobis da ga-
remomcveli garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb informaciis Riaobis
moTxovna konstituciuri debulebis interpretacias warmoad-
gens.
saqarTvelos konstituciis 37-e muxlSi miTiTebulia, rom
yvelas aqvs ufleba miiRos sruli, obieqturi da drouli infor-
macia misi samuSao da sacxovrebeli garemos Sesaxeb. ukanaskneli
aTwleulebis manZilze sazogadoebas umetes SemTxvevaSi ar
hqonda informacia im saSiSroebis Sesaxeb, rasac garemomcveli
garemo uqmnida adamianis sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas. amJamad,
aseTi informaciis dafarva arakonstituciuria da iwvevs kanoniT
dadgenil pasuxismgeblobas. nebismieri safrTxe, romelic eq-
mneba moqalaqeTa sicocxles an janmrTelobas, srulad unda ec-
nobos sazogadoebas. amasTan, saqarTvelom xeli moawera orhusis
saerTaSoriso konvencias, romelic sazogadoebas aniWebs Seuz- 13
Rudav uflebamosilebebs sasicocxlo garemos dacvisa da gare-
mos Sesaxeb informaciis miRebis sferoSi.

romel konkretul Tanamdebobis pirs unda

mimarTos sajaro dawesebulebaSi misulma
moqalaqem sajaro informaciis miRebis
moTxovniT?

am sakiTxs aregulirebs zogadi administraculi kodeqsis 36-e

muxli, romlis mixedviTac sajaro dawesebulebaSi sajaro in-
formaciis xelmisawvdomobaze pasuxismgebelia konkretuli sa-
jaro moxele. aRniSnuli debuleba gulisxmobs, rom yvela admi-
nistraciul organoSi Sida aqtiT unda ganisazRvros im piris vi-
naoba, visac daekisreba sajaro informaciis gacemis funqcia da
Sesabamisi pasuxismgeblobac. aRniSnuli Tanamdebobis piris vina-
oba da samsaxureobrivi misamarTi, telefonis nomeri da sxva sa-
kontaqto informacia sajaro dawesebulebaSi yvelasaTvis xel-
misawvdom adgilas unda iqnas moTavsebuli. sajaro dawesebule-
bis mniSvnelobis sididisa da funqciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, aR-
niSnuli funqciis ganxorcieleba SeiZleba SeiTavsos im Tanam-
debobis pirma, romlis ZiriTad funqciasac sxva sakiTxTa gadaw-
yveta warmoadgens. skolis SemTxvevaSi, sakiTxis swored amgvari
gadawyveta iqneba optimaluri.
crjkbc

ra proceduraa gaTvaliswinebuli sajaro

informaciis misaRebad sajaro
dawesebulebidan?
specifika

Tuki sajaro dawesebulebaSi informacia sxvadasxva saxiT ar-

sebobs (magaliTad: qaRaldze, magnitur firze, videogamo-
 14 saxulebis saxiT), sajaro dawesebuleba/Sesabamisi sajaro mosam-
saxure valdebulia moqalaqes miawodos informacia am ukanask-
nelis mier moTxovnili formiT. piri aseve uflebamosilia ga-
ecnos informacias dedanSi. Tuki arsebobs originalis dazi-
anebis safrTxe, sajaro dawesebelebas ekisreba dokumentis ze-
damxedvelobis qveS gacnobis, an saTanado wesiT damowmebuli as-
lis wardgenis valdebuleba.
moqalaqes SeuZlia miiRos sajaro informaciis asli. kanonis
Tanxmad, sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia uzrunvelyos sajaro
informaciis aslebis xelmisawvdomoba, rac gulisxmobs imas, rom
moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, mas unda hqondes SesaZlebloba gadaiRos
sajaro informaciis aslebi. aslis gadaRebisaTvis aucilebeli
Tanxis anazRaurebis valdebuleba ekisreba informaciis momT-
xovns. im SemTxvevaSi, roca piri sajaro dawesebulebidan perso-
nalur monacemebs moiTxovs, am saxis informaciis aslebi mas ga-
daecema ufasod.
zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis me-40 muxlis Tanaxmad,
sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia gasces sajaro informacia
informaciis Tavisufleba

dauyovnebliv. dauyovnebliv gacema gulisxmobs sakiTxis gadawy-

vetas gancxadebis Setanisa da sajaro dawesebulebaSi registra-
ciisTanave, imave dRes. aRniSnuli wesidan kanoni awesebs ramde-
nime gamonakliss, rodesac sajaro dawesebelebas aTdRiani vada
eZleva informaciis gacemisTvis. skolaSi, misi specifikidan ga-
momdinare, gamonaklisebSi gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebi ver war-
moiSveba da, Sesabamisad, maT aRar ganvixilavT.
sajaro dawesebulebam dainteresebul pirs informaciis ga-
cemaze uari unda acnobos dauyovnebliv. am SemTxvevaSi, sajaro
dawesebuleba, kerZod ki Sesabamisi Tanamdebobis piri, valde-
bulia ganmcxadebels acnobos miRebuli gadawyvetilebis, misi
safuZvlis da im normatiuli aqtis Sesaxeb, romlis Tanaxmadac
gadawyvetileba iqna miRebuli.
sajaro informaciis gacemaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi, sajaro
dawesebuleba valdebulia gadawyvetilebis miRebidan sami dRis
vadaSi pirs werilobiT ganumartos misi uflebebi da gasaCivrebis
procedura, agreTve is struqturuli qvedanayofi an sajaro
dawesebuleba, romlebTanac warmoebda konsultacia informaci-
is gacemaze uaris Tqmis Taobaze gadawyvetilebis miRebisas.
 ra saxis pasuxi SeiZleba gasces sajaro 15
dawesebulebam sajaro informaciis gacemis
Sesaxeb gancxadebaze?

garda imisa, rom umetesad sajaro dawesebuleba gascems moT-

xovnil informacias, an uars ambobs mis gacemaze, arsebobs sxva
SesaZlo pasuxebic. magaliTad,
sajaro dawesebuleba acxadebs, rom mas moTxovnili
informacia ar gaaCnia;
sajaro dawesebuleba acxadebs, rom moTxovnili
informacia ar iZebneba (es gulisxmobs, rom dawesebuleba
aRiarebs moTxovnili informaciis masTan arsebobas an
arsebobis valdebulebas, magram acxadebs, rom dokumentis
siZvelis, aRuricxaobis, Tu sxva mizezis gamo, misi moZebna
ver xerxdeba);
dawesebuleba acxadebs, rom moTxovnili dokumenti
ganadgurebulia (dokumenti SeiZleba ganadgurdes
administraciuli organos mier kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul
SemTxvevaSi, an im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac dokumentis
Semdgomi Senaxva aRar aris savaldebulo).
zemoT aRniSnul SemTxvevebSi, iseve rogorc informaciis
gacemaze uaris dros, sajaro dawesebulebis pasuxi SeiZleba
gasaCivrdes sasamarTloSi da moTxovnil iqnas rogorc infor-
maciis gacema, ise materialuri da moraluri zianis anazRaureba.
crjkbc
raSi mdgomareobs informaciis Tavisuflebis
uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebuli
problematika skolis doneze?

informaciis Tavisuflebis moTxovnebi vrceldeba yvela sa-

specifika

xelmwifo dawesebulebaze da TviTmmarTvelobis organoze, aseve

maTzec, visac saxelmwifom garkveuli uflebamosilebis ganxor-
cieleba miando an romlebic nawilobriv, an srul dafinansebas
iReben saxelmwifo an adgilobrivi biujetis saxsrebidan.
 16 amgvarad skola, rogorc sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri,
calsaxad miekuTvneba aRniSnul kategorias.
skola sajaro dawesebulebaa. sajaro dawesebulebaSi daculi,
agreTve sajaro dawesebulebis an moxelis mier samsaxureobriv
saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT miRebuli, damuSavebuli, Seqmnili
an gagzavnili informacia sajaro informaciaa.
skolis winaSe mdgari informaciis Tavisuflebis problema-
tika nawilobriv saxelmwifoebriv doneze arsebuli proble-
matikis analogiuria, magram arsebobs skolis specifikidan ga-
momdinare Taviseburebebic.
skolis, rogorc sazogadoebrivi institutis Camoyalibeba,
sabWoTa reJimis qveS moxda da skola, rogorc umniSvnelovanesi
sazogadoebrivi instituti, romelsac pirovnebis socializaciis
procesSi erT-erTi gadamwyveti roli miekuTvneba, mTlianad
totalitaruli wyobis pirmSo aRmoCnda.
saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenis Semdeg qveyana uamravi proble-
mis winaSe aRmoCnda; Tavi iCina socialur-ekonomikurma da eTni-
kurma problemebma. amgvar fonze qveynis xelisuflebam efeqturi
informaciis Tavisufleba

reformebis inicireba ganaTlebis sferoSi ver moaxerxa. ar daw-

yebula skolebis decentralizaciis, samarTlebrivi bazis mo-
dernizaciisa da adamianuri resursebis gadamzadebis procesebi.
samwuxarod dResdReobiT skolebis ZiriTadi nawili isev
sabWoTa reJimis gadmonaSTebis matareblad rCeba. rac Seexeba in-
formaciis Tavisuflebis problematikas, sxva sajaro dawesebu-
lebis msgavsad, skolaSi ar xdeba informaciis Tavisuflebis
principebis dacva. skolis finansebis marTva erTpirovnulad
xorcieldeba. rac Seexeba skolaSi dacul pirad informacias, ar
arsebobs piradi saidumloebis dacvis tradiciebi, rac ewinaaRm-
degeba qarTul kanonmdeblobas da saerTaSoriso praqtikis
gaTvaliswinebiT uaryofiT aRmzrdelobiT Sedegs iZleva.
sazogadoebaSi unda damkvidrdes azri, rom oficialuri do-
kumentebis, sxdomaze daswrebis, an piradi saidumloebis dacvis
moTxovna ar aris uxerxuli. rac ar unda maRali moqalaqeobrivi
Segnebis adamianebi msaxurobdnen skolaSi, maTi Zalisxmevis ga-
reSe es instituti gamWvirvale ver gaxdeba. unda arsebobdes
gamWvirvalobaze sazogadoebrivi moTxovna da moqalaqeTa mzad-
yofna sakuTari uflebebis dasacavad.
 skolis moswavleebSi, maswavleblebisa da mSoblebisgan gans- 17
xvavebiT, gacilebiT didi xarisxiT SeiniSneba socialuri aqti-
voba informaciis Tavisuflebis dasacavad. es gasakviri ar aris,
radgan dRevandel moswavleTa Taobebis socializacia qveynis
demokratiuli principebisadmi ltolvis pirobebSi xdeba; Tumca
es procesi srulyofili ver iqneba, Tuki socializaciis umniSv-
nelovanesi rgoli _ skola demokratiis moTxovnebsa da idealebs
ar danergavs. maswavleblebisa da mSoblebis didi nawilisaTvis
ki Rrmad fesvebgamdgar warmodgenebTan gamomSvidobeba, magali-
Tad is, rom garkveuli informaciis moTxovna uxerxulia da sxvis
saqmeSi Carevad SeiZleba CaiTvalos, sirTules warmoadgens.
magram rac ar unda rTuli iyos skolaSi demokratiis ide-
alebis damkvidreba, qarTul skolas sxva alternativa ara aqvs.
saskolo ganaTlebis sistemis centralizebuli, araefeqturi
marTvis uaryofiTi Sedegebi dRes saxezea. droTa ganmavlobaSi
ki uaryofiTi Sedegi sul ufro da ufro gamwvavdeba, Tuki efeq-
turad ver moxerxdeba saskolo reformis ganxorcieleba.
saskolo ganaTlebis sistemaSi wesrigis damyarebiT dainte-
resebuli erTaderTi Zala sazogadoebaa, romelsac skolam
momavali Taobebi demokratiis monapovrebze unda aRuzardos.
skolis aSenebas Cveni monawileobis gareSe veravin SeZlebs im ub-
ralo mizezis gamo, rom es upirvelesad Cveni interesebidan ga-
momdinareobs.

ramdenad sasargebloa informaciis

gamWvirvaloba skolaSi?
crjkbc

SeiZleba CamovTvaloT ramdenime zogadi mizezi, romlebic

informaciis gamWvirvalobis dadebiT Sedegze miuTiTebs. am mi-
zezebis ukan ki uamravi konkretuli magaliTi moiazreba.
specifika

pirveli mizezi _ informaciiT dainteresebuli piri gaecnoba

skolis funqcionirebis detalebs. es ki zrdis imis albaTobas,
rom igi aqtiur monawileobas miiRebs skolis marTvaSi.
meore mizezi _ informaciis xelmisawvdomoba xels uSlis
 18 korufciasa da arakompetenturobas. imis codna, rom maTi moq-
medeba sajaro gansjis sagani SeiZleba gaxdes, stimuls miscems
skolis TanamSromlebs ukeTesad Seasrulon dakisrebuli mova-
leobebi. sazogadoebis mxridan kontroli aumjobesebs muSaobis
xarisxs.
mesame mizezi _ informaciis xelmisawvdomoba saSualebas aZ-
levs moqalaqeebs Tavad miiRon gadawyvetilebebi da ar elodon,
rom amas maT nacvlad mTavroba gaakeTebs. informacia pirdapir
SesaZleblobas iZleva, rom skolaSi ganaTlebis xarisxis gakon-
troleba da gaumjobeseba moxdes.

rogoria informaciis
Tavisuflebis praqtika skolaSi?

kanonmdebloba, romelic sajaro dawesebulebaSi, Cven konkre-

informaciis Tavisufleba

tul SemTxvevaSi ki skolaSi, daculi informaciis xelmisaw-

vdomobasa da sxdomebis sajaroobas uzrunvelyofs, moqalaqeTa
mier am uflebis realizaciis Zalian martiv procedurebs iTva-
liswinebs.
miuxedavad amisa, mzad unda viyoT iseTi SemTxvevebisaTvis,
roca Teoria da praqtika erTmaneTs ar emTxveva. did rols Ta-
maSobs subieqturi faqtori: zogierTi skolis TanamSromeli
SeiZleba mtkiced iyos ganwyobili Riaobisa da TanamSromlobi-
saTvis, zogi ki ukiduresad daxelovnebulia informaciis damal-
vaSi. warmovidginoT Cveni Tavi maT adgilze, gana Cven gvsiamov-
nebs, roca viRaca Cvens saqmeSi cxviris Cayofas cdilobs? gana
Cven ar vcdilobT abezari cnobismoyvareebis Tavidan moSorebas?
skolis kedlebSi momuSavenic Cveulebrivi mokvdavebi arian. ase
rom, maTTvis araferi adamianuri ucxo ar aris. adamianebi ki
xSirad cdebian da axasiaTebT sxvadasxva sisusteebi.
amasTan, unda davuSvaT, rom skolis muSaki, romelic SeiZleba
SesaniSnavi specialistia Tavis sferoSi, kargad ar iyos gaTvic-
nobierebuli informaciis Tavisuflebis maregulirebel kanon-
mdeblobaSi.
 warsuli uuflebobidan gamomdinare, Cven xSirad gviWirs eWvi 19
SevitanoT skolis TanamSromelTa avtoritetuli gancxadebebis
kanonierebaSi da kritikuli TvaliT SevxedoT maTi gadawyveti-
lebebis samarTlianobas.
aseT SemTxvevaSi, unda gvaxsovdes, rom samarTlebriv saxelm-
wifoSi, romlis aSenebasac Cven yvelani erTad vcdilobT, mxo-
lod sasamarTloa uflebamosili miiRos saboloo gadawyveti-
lebebi da gansajos, Tu ra aris ama Tu im SemTxvevaSi kanonieri
da ra _ ara.
amasTan, isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom sasamarTloSi mimar-
Tvisas, Cveni Sansebi miviRoT sasurveli informacia, daveswroT
sxdomas an moviTxovoT Cveni piradi saidumloebis gasaidumlo-
eba, izrdeba. sasamarTlos ara aqvs pirdapiri uwyebrivi dainte-
reseba damalos informacia. ase rom, Tuki skolis Sesabamisi
muSaki safuZvlian argumentebs ar moitans, mosamarTle davas
Cvens sasargeblod gadawyvets.
skolaSi informaciis Tavisuflebis praqtika Semdeg sakiTxebs
moicavs:
sameurveo sabWos arCevnebi
skolis biujetis gamWvirvaloba
piradi saidumloebis dacva skolaSi
moswavleTa SefasebasTan da gamocdebTan dakavSirebuli
zogierTi aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis sakiTxi
Cven SevecdebiT detalurad ganvixiloT oTxive sakiTxi,
Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis fonze. crjkbc
ra funqciebi eniWeba sameurveo sabWos?

sameurveo sabWos Camoyalibeba mimdinare saskolo reformis

qvakuTxeds warmoadgens. es aris axali rgoli saskolo adminis-
traciaSi da skolis marTvis decentralizaciisaken gadadgmuli
specifika

mniSvnelovani nabiji.
imisaTvis, raTa kidev erTxel gavusvaT xazi sameurveo sabWos
mniSvnelobasa da funqcionalur datvirTvas, moviyvanT ramde-
nime magaliTs misi uflebamosilebebis nusxidan:
 20 sameurveo sabWo ganixilavs da amtkicebs skolis
direqtoris mier warmodgenil dawesebulebis marTvis
strategiul gegmas. igi uflebamosilia warmoadginos
winadadebebi aRniSnuli strategiuli ganviTarebis gegmaSi
cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb;
sameurveo sabWo ganxilavs da amtkicebs skolis
direqtoris mier warmodgenil strategias dawesebulebis
sakadro da arasabiujeto finansuri resursebis marTvis
Sesaxeb, aseve materialuri resursebis gamoyenebis gegmas.
igi uflebamosilia warmoadginos winadadebebi
cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb.
Tuki sameurveo sabWo ar daamtkicebs zemoT CamoTvlil ro-
melime gegmas, skolis direqtors ufleba aqvs aTi dRis vadaSi
mosTxovos mas gadawyvetilebis werilobiTi dasabuTeba, an
konkretuli rekomendaciebi. amis Semdeg, direqtors ufleba aqvs
aRniSnuli gegma xelmeored warudginos sameurveo sabWos.
sameurveo sabWo uflebamosilia moizidos damatebiTi
(arasabiujeto) finansuri da materialuri resursebi.
informaciis Tavisufleba

sabWos es funqcia, ufro sworad rom vTqvaT, erTgvari

movaleoba, gadamwyvetia saqarTvelos skolebis ZiriTadi
nawilisaTvis.
sameurveo sabWo monitorings uwevs, anu swavlobs skolis
finansuri da materialuri resursebis gamoyenebas,
disciplinis dacvas skolaSi da icavs mSobelTa,
moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa uflebebs.
amgvarad, sameurveo sabWos uflebamosilebaTa CamonaTvali
STambeWdavia da iZleva imis Teoriul winapirobas, rom sameurveo
sabWo skolaSi dRes arsebul finansur, sakadro da meTodolo-
giur mdgomareobas sagrZnoblad gaaumjobesebs. mosalodnel
Sedegs miviRebT, Tuki sameurveo sabWos arCevnebs maqsimalurad
gamWvirvaled da obieqturad CavatarebT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,
subieqturi mosazrebebis, skolis direqtoris an administraciis
erTpirovnuli gadawyvetilebis Sedegad dakompleqtebuli same-
urveo sabWo kidev erTi ufunqcio rgoli iqneba skolis adminis-
traciaSi.
 raSi mdgomareobs informaciis Tavisuflebis 21
specifika sameurveo sabWos arCevnebisas?

imis Semdeg, rac sameurveo sabWos potenciali ganvixileT,

SegviZlia gadavideT uSualod informaciis Tavisuflebis prin-
cipebis dacvaze sameurveo sabWos arCevisas.
sameurveo sabWos arCeva unda moxdes mSobelTa saerTo kre-
baze, romelsac moiwvevs skolis direqtori an administracia. ar-
Cevnebis TariRi winaswar unda gaxdes cnobili mSoblebis, mos-
wavleebisa da maswavleblebisaTvis. es SeiZleba moxdes adgilob-
riv gazeTSi gamoqveynebis an skolis SenobaSi TvalsaCino adgilas
gancxadebis gamokvris saSualebiT. sameTvalyureo sabWos arCev-
nebis Sesaxeb informaciis winaswari gavrceleba iqneba imis
garanti, rom mSoblebi arCevnebamde SeZleben sasurveli kandi-
daturebis SerCevas. TviTon kandidatebsac eqnebaT saSualeba,
rom amomrCevlebs (mSoblebs) dausabuTon, Tu ris gakeTebas SeZ-
leben sabWoSi da gamoTqvan sakuTari mosazrebebi skolis ganvi-
Tarebis perspeqtivebTan dakavSirebiT.
mosalodneli arCevnebis Sesaxeb informaciis gamWvirvalo-
basTan erTad didi roli eniWeba TviTon saarCevno procesis ka-
nonis dacviT Catarebas. mSoblebis saerTo kreba uflebamosilia
airCios sameurveo sabWo, Tu mas eswreba am skolis moswavleTa
sruli Semadgenlobis naxevarze metis mSobeli (an moswavlis ka-
nonieri warmomadgeneli). rogorc wesi, sameurveo sabWos wev-
rebis arCeva Ria kenWisyriT xdeba. kreba uflebamosilia xmaTa
umravlesobiT miiRos faruli kenWisyris Catarebis gadawyveti-
leba. TiToeul kandidats dasaxelebis rigiTobiT cal-calke
eyreba kenWi. arCeulad CaiTvlebian is kandidatebi, romlebic
crjkbc
sxva kandidatebTan SedarebiT met xmas moagroveben. sabWo airCeva
3 wlis vadiT. imis miuxedavad, Tu kenWisyris romel meTods (Ria
an faruli) airCevs mSoblebis saerTo kreba, kenWisyrisa da xmis
daTvlis procesi gamWvirvale unda iyos. Ria kenWisyris SemTxve-
specifika

vaSi, gamWvirvaloba TiTqmis garantirebulia. faruli kenWisyris

SemTxvevaSi ki xmebis daTvla unda moxdes kenWisyris damTavre-
bisTanave mSoblebis saerTo krebis Tvalwin, SerCeuli komisiis
mier.
 22 arCeuli sabWo unda Seikribos Seqmnidan araugvianes 10 dRis
vadaSi da xmaTa umravlesobiT airCios sameurveo sabWos Tavmj-
domare da Tavmjdomaris moadgile. kenWisyris procesis gamWvir-
valobis uzrunvelyofa am SemTxvevaSi gacilebiT martivi iqneba,
radgan sameTvalyureo sabWo 7-11 wevrisgan Sedgeba.
aRniSnuli procedurebis darRveviT Seqmnili sameurveo sab-
Wo ar CaiTvleba uflebamosilad ganaxorcielos masze dakisre-
buli uflebamovaleobebi.

skolis biujetis gamWvirvaloba

skolis efeqturi marTva gulisxmobs finansuri da materi-

aluri resursebis gankargvis gamWvirvalobas. skolis biujeti
aris skolis ekonomikuri politikis amsaxveli pirvelxarisxo-
vani dokumenti. amis gamo, gamWvirvaloba da monawileobis miReba
informaciis Tavisufleba

biujetis miRebis procesSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania.

moviyvanT gamWvirvalobiT sargeblobis ramdenime magaliTs:
gamWvirvaloba iZleva skolis direqtorisa da
administraciis Zlieri da susti mxareebis adreuli
identifikaciis saSualebas. is biZgs aZlevs reformebs.
skolis direqtorisa da administraciis aRricxvianobis
gaumjobeseba korufciis aRmofxvris saSualebaa.
gamWvirvalobis gazrda gamoiwvevs skolis direqtorisa da
administraciis mimarT ndobis faqtoris gazrdas.
gaumjobesdeba arasabiujeto finansuri da materialuri
resursebis mozidvis Sansebi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,
sameurveo sabWo ver SeZlebs finansuri da materialuri
resursebis mozidvas. arcerTi donori organizacia,
fizikuri an iuridiuli piri ar dainteresdeba daexmaros
skolas, Tuki gamWvirvale ar iqneba skolis mier miRebuli
daxmarebis gankargvis procesi.
saWiroa gamWvirvalobis Serwyma monawileobasTan. sakmarisi
ar aris mxolod obieqturi da operatiuli informaciis floba
imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor gankargavs skola finansur resursebs.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania sameurveo sabWos fun-
qcia, monitoringi gauwios skolis finansuri da materialuri re- 23
sursebis gankargvas.
amgvarad, skolis biujetTan mimarTebaSi informaciis Tavi-
suflebis uzrunvelyofa iZleva skolebis dRevandeli duxWiri
mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis realur garantias.

ra saxis informacia SeiZleba warmoadgendes

pirad saidumloebas?

pirad saidumloebas mikuTvnebuli informacia aris informa-

cia, romelic icavs ama Tu im fizikuri piris personalur mona-
cemebs, xolo personaluri monacemebis pirad saidumloebad miC-
nevis sakiTxs wyvets TviT is piri, romlis Sesaxebac arsebobs es
informacia sajaro dawesebulebaSi.
kanonis Tanaxmad, personaluri monacemebi aris informacia,
romelic piris identifikaciis, anu amocnobis SesaZleblobas
iZleva. rogorc wesi, pirad saidumloebas miekuTvneba informa-
cia, romelic dakavSirebulia piris janmrTelobasTan, finanseb-
Tan da sxva kerZo sakiTxebTan. dawesebuleba, romelSic piradi
saidumloebis Semcveli monacemebi inaxeba, valdebulia ar gasces
es informacia (personaluri monacemebi) TviT am piris Tanxmobis,
an kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi _ sasamarTlos dasabu-
Tebuli gadawyvetilebis gareSe. amgvarad, imisaTvis, rom mivi-
RoT piradi saidumloebis Semcveli informacia, gvesaWiroeba
TviT im piris Tanxmoba, romlis pirad saidumloebasac viTxovT.
aseT SemTxvevaSi, gancxadebasTan erTad sajaro dawesebulebas
crjkbc
unda miewodos sanotaro wesiT an administraculi organos mier
damowmebuli Tanxmoba. amasTan, unda gvaxsovdes, rom pirad sa-
idumloebas mikuTvnebuli informaciis dacvis zemoT aRniSnuli
wesi ar vrceldeba `sajaro samsaxurSi interesTa SeuTavseb-
specifika

lobisa da korufciis Sesaxeb~ kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul Tanam-

debobis pirebsa da Tanamdebobaze wardgenil kandidatebze. maT
Sesaxeb arsebuli personaluri monacemebi Riaa da unda gaices
sajaro dawesebulebis mier Sesabamisi piris Tanxmobis gareSe.
 24 piradi monacemebis damuSaveba
da gavrceleba skolaSi

amgvarad, skolaSi personaluri monacemebis Senaxva, damuSa-

veba da gansakuTrebiT maTi gavrceleba saqarTveloSi moqmedi
kanonmdeblobis mixedviT unda xdebodes, Tumca aqve unda aRi-
niSnos, rom arc saqarTvelos kanonSi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb da arc
sxva kanonqvemdebare aqtebSi skolaSi piradi monacemebis Se-
naxvisa da damuSavebis detaluri miTiTeba ar aris mocemuli. sa-
qarTvelos skolebis ZiriTadi nawilis praqtikaSi damkvidrebu-
li aRniSnuli sakiTxebis maregulirebeli wesebi ki Sors aris
piradi saidumloebis dacvis im kriteriumebisagan, romelsac
dRes saqarTvelos zemoT aRwerili sakanonmdeblo baza sTava-
zobs.
qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi arsebuli sakanonmdeblo vakuumis
Sesavsebad qvemoT moviyvanT dasavluri qveynebis gamocdilebas
skolaSi piradi monacemebis SenaxvasTan, damuSavebasa da gavrce-
informaciis Tavisufleba

lebasTan dakavSirebiT.
piradi monacemebi, romlebic moswavlem skolaSi Sesvlis
dros da SemdgomSi warudgina skolas, SeiZleba avtomaturad iq-
nas gamoyenebuli skolis xelmZRvanelobis mier sxvadasxva da-
niSnulebiT, ZiriTadad, cnobebis gacemisa da saskolo korespon-
denciisaTvis. piradi monacemebis avtomaturad gamoyenebisa da
gavrcelebis wesi ar vrceldeba im monacemebze, romlebic mopo-
vebul iqna saskolo samedicino, saskolo fsiqologiuri da sko-
laSi wesrigis damamyarebeli RonisZiebebis Sedegad. Tumca, aR-
niSnul SemTxvevebSic, gamonaklisis wesiT SesaZlebelia piradi
monacemebis avtomaturi damuSaveba, im pirobiT, rom monacemebis
Senaxva ar moxdeba da konkretuli teqstis SeqmnisTanave maT
gaanadgureben.
maswavleblebis mier moswavleTa piradi monacemebis persona-
lur kompiuterze damuSaveba dasaSvebia mxolod gamonaklis Sem-
TxvevebSi skolis direqtoris nebarTviT. amisTvis saWiroa, rom
personaluri kompiuteris gakontroleba iseve iyos SesaZlebeli,
rogorc skolis kompiuterebisa.
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqts, rom qarTul realobaSi sko-
lebis kompiuterizacias jer kidev ar miuRia masiuri saxe da sa- 25
qarTvelos skolebis ZiriTad nawilSi monacemTa damuSaveba (maT
Soris, piradi saidumloebis momcveli monacemebisac) davTruli
wesiT xdeba, aucilebelia moiZebnos meTodebi, romelTa meSve-
obiTac amgvar pirobebSic maqsimalurad iqneba uzrunvelyofili
piradi saidumloebis dacva. davTrebi, romlebSic moswavleTa an
maswavlebelTa piradi saidumloebis Semcveli informaciaa
mocemuli, unda inaxebodes seifebSi. davTrebis gatana skolis
Senobidan, garda ukiduresi, gamonaklisi SemTxvevebisa, ar unda
xdebodes. dasamuSaveblad an konkretuli informaciis mosaZeb-
nad aseTi davTrebi SeiZleba gadaeceT maswavleblebs mxolod
konkretuli miznis Sesasruleblad direqtoris nebarTviT. da-
saxuli samuSaos SesrulebisTanave unda moxdes davTris Senaxva.
aRniSnuli proceduris dros uzrunvelyofili unda iqnas dav-
Tris miuwvdomloba sxva pirebisaTvis.
saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi mSoblebs SeiZleba gadaeces maswav-
leblebis saxelebi da gvarebi, misamarTebi da telefonis nom-
rebi, aseve klasis moswavleTa saxelebi da gvarebi. yovel maswav-
lebels an moswavles ufleba aqvs uari ganacxados aRniSnul siaSi
sakuTari monacemebis Setanaze, rac aucileblad unda iyos gaT-
valiswinebuli, anu am moswavlis an maswavleblis monacemebi ar
unda gavrceldes.
saklaso Jurnali, romelic klasis yvela maswavleblisTvis
iqneba xelmisawvdomi, unda moicavdes mxolod Semdeg informa-
cias:
moswavlis saxeli, gvari, dabadebis TariRi
gakveTilebze daswreba
sapatio da arasapatio gacdenebi
crjkbc
gatarebuli aRmzrdelobiTi RonisZiebebi
mSoblebis saxeli, gvari, misamarTi
sakontaqto monacemebi ubeduri SemTxvevisaTvis
rac Seexeba akademiuri moswrebis maCvenebel monacemebs, anu
niSnebs, isini yvela sagnis maswavlebels calke davTarSi unda
specifika

hqondes dafiqsirebuli. yvela maswavlebeli individualurad

unda inaxavdes seifSi im saswavlo klasebis davTrebs, romlebsac
aswavlis. davTari xelmisawvdomi ar unda iyos moswavleebis an
sxva maswavleblebisaTvis.
 26 skolaSi swavlis dasrulebidan erTi wlis gasvlis Semdeg
moswavlis monacemebis damuSaveba misi piradi Tanxmobis gareSe
aRar unda xdebodes. dasaSvebia mxolod skolis damTavrebis
Semdeg klasis Sekrebis mizniT, yofili moswavleebis monacemTa
gadacema klasis Sexvedris saorganizacio jgufisaTvis.
praqtikaSi vawydebiT uamrav konkretul kiTxvas, romelzec
swori pasuxi informaciis Tavisuflebis aRwerili normebis
zedmiwevniT codnas moiTxovs skolis administraciisagan. maga-
liTad moviyvanT ramdenime SesaZlo kiTxvas:

aqvT Tu ara mSoblebs ufleba piradi mizezebis

safuZvelze uari ganucxadon sameurveo sabWos
TavianTi bavSvebis Sesaxeb arsebuli
informaciis (magaliTad rogoricaa niSnebi)
sajaro ganxilvaze?
informaciis Tavisufleba

aseTi samarTlebrivi moTxovna skolis kanonmdeblobaSi ar

aris fexmokidebuli. Tumca dainteresebul pirebs aqvT ufleba
pirad mizezebze miTiTebiT werilobiTi saxiT gamoTqvan prote-
sti TavianTi Svilebis Sesaxeb informaciis sayovelTao an konk-
retuli formebiT damuSavebis winaaRmdeg. Tu amgvari protesti
dasabuTebulia, skolis xelmZRvaneloba valdebulia protesti
gaiTvaliswinos.

unda gamoqveyndes Tu ara skolis veb-gverdze

moswavleTa foto-suraTebi da msgavsi
informacia?

moswavleTa personaluri monacemebis skolis veb-gverdze

gamoqveyneba ar aris mizanSewonili. Tu skolis administracia
amis gakeTebas mainc saWirod miiCnevs, maSin es unda moxdes
zrdasruli moswavleebis an maTi mSoblebis TanxmobiT. winaswar 27
unda moxdes maTi im saSiSroebebis Sesaxeb informireba, romlebic
piradi monacemebis internetSi gaSvebisas warmoiqmneba. Tanxmo-
bis gancxadeba werilobiT xasiaTs unda atarebdes. yuradReba
unda mieqces imas, rom ar moxdes bavSvis Sesaxeb sxva informaciis
gacema (mag. misamarTi, el-fostis misamarTi da a.S.). moswavleTa
suraTebic, informaciis Tavisuflebis principebidan gamomdi-
nare, calsaxad ganekuTvneba personalur monacemebs.

presas surs skoladamTavrebulTa saxelebis

gamoqveyneba. aqvs Tu ara skolas am monacemebis
gacemis ufleba?

ara. kerZo dawesebulebebs, maT Soris gazeTebsac, amdagvari

saxis masalis gamoqveyneba mxolod dainteresebuli piris Tanx-
mobis SemTxvevaSi SeuZliaT. Tanxmobis gareSe masalebis gadacema
dasaSvebia, rodesac masalebis momTxovns sakmarisi samarTleb-
rivi interesi gaaCnia, rac gazeTis SemTxvevaSi marTebuli ar
aris. Tu skolis gazeTs, an sxva beWdviT gamocemas skoladamTav-
rebulTa saxelebis gamoqveyneba surs, man yoveli mSoblisagan
an srulwlovani moswavlisagan saTiTaod unda miiRos Tanxmoba.
amasTan, isini unda gaafrTxilon gamoqveynebasTan dakavSirebiT
warmoqmnili SesaZlo problemebis Sesaxeb. skolas mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi aqvs ufleba moswavleTa piradi monacemebi gadasces
beWdviT gamocemas, Tu skolis moswavleTa mSoblebi werilobiT
crjkbc
waradgenen Tanxmobas.

ramdenad vrceldeba informaciis Tavisufleba

specifika

moswavleTa niSnebze?

saqarTveloSi dRemde miiCneva, rom saganmanaTleblo da

aRmzrdelobiTi miznebidan gamomdinare, mizanSewonilia moswav-
 28 leTa niSnebis Riad gamocxadeba. TiToeuli moswavlis Sefaseba,
zepiri gamokiTxvis SemTxvevaSi, xmamaRla cxaddeba klasSi gak-
veTilis dros. TiToeul klass erTi saklaso Jurnali aqvs yvela
sagnisaTvis, amitom yvela sagnis maswavlebels SeuZlia gaecnos
moswavlis niSnebs sxva disciplinebSi. maswavlebels JurnalSi
SeuZlia naxos ara marto zepiri gamokiTxvis, aramed weriTi
samuSaoebis Sefasebebic. niSnebis gamocxadeba Riad xdeba mSo-
belTa krebebzec. aqedan gamomdinare, moswavlis niSnebi aravis-
Tvis ar warmoadgens saidumloebas.
Cndeba Semdegi kiTxvebi: moswavleTa niSnebi maT pirad saidum-
loebas xom ar unda ganekuTvnebodes? saganmanaTleblo da aRmz-
rdelobiTi TvalsazrisiT, ramdenad marTebulia niSnebis xelmi-
sawvdomoba yvela maswavleblis, moswavlis da Tanaklaselebis
mSoblebisaTvis?
sainteresoa, rogoria saerTaSoriso gamocdileba am sakiTx-
Tan dakavSirebiT. gavecaniT ramdenime dasavluri qveynis moqmed
kanonmdeblobas skolis Sesaxeb da aRmoCnda, rom niSnebTan
dakavSirebuli informacia moswavleebs da maT mSoblebs mxolod
informaciis Tavisufleba

individualurad unda gaacnos konkretuli sagnis maswavlebelma.

Znelia niSnebis aseTi Riaobis dadebiTi efeqtis damadastu-
rebeli magaliTebis moyvana. uaryofiTi efeqti ki bevria:
niSnebis Riaoba xSirad iwvevs moswavleebs Soris uaryofiTi
muxtis Camoyalibebas. moswavles Tanaklaselebsa da maswavleb-
lebs Soris eqmneba garkveuli imiji (cudi, saSualo an kargi mos-
wavlis), risi Secvlac Semdeg rTulia. cudma moswavlem Zalian
rom moindomos da kargad moemzados gakveTilebisaTvis, gauWir-
deba pozitiuri imijis damkvidreba garSemomyofTa Soris swored
imis gamo, rom misi Zveli Sefasebebi yvelasaTvis cnobilia. ro-
gorc wesi, e.w. `cudi moswavle~, gamonaklisi SemTxvevebis garda,
aRar cdilobs swavlis gaumjobesebas, radganac egueba am imijs
da sakuTari Tavis rwmenas kargavs. ukve xom isedac yvelam icis,
rom is cudi moswavlea. gansakuTrebiT didia uaryofiTi efeqti,
roca moswavlis niSnebi yvela diciplinaSi erT saklaso Jurnal-
Sia Setanili da maswavlebels SeuZlia gaecnos moswavlis mosw-
rebas sxva sagnebSi. rogorc wesi, es iwvevs stereotipebis Camo-
yalibebas. magaliTad, Tuki moswavlis Sefaseba fizikaSi saSu-
alod 3-ia, istoriaSi man brwyinvaledac rom moamzados gakveTi-
li, rogorc wesi, maswavlebeli mas umaRles Sefasebas aRar aZ- 29
levs.
dasavlur qveynebSi damkvidrebuli praqtikis mixedviT, mo-
swavlis mxolod saerTo semestruli niSani ar aris dafaruli.

ramdenad gamWvirvale unda iyos

sagamocdo sakiTxebi?

sagamocdo sakontrolo werebis sakiTxebis gamWvirvalobis

sakiTxi metad problematuria im dasavlur qveynebSi, romelTa
gamcdilebasac garkveul sakiTxebSi eyrdnoba mocemuli naSromi.
sainteresoa qarTveli maswavleblebis azri am sakiTxTan dakav-
SirebiT.
Znelad Tu moiZebneba iseTi pedagogiuri meTodi, romlzec
mxolod dadebiTi an mxolod uaryofiTi argumentebis moyvana
SeiZleba. saWiroa argumentebis awon-dawonva da kompromisis
saSualebiT saukeTeso gadawyvetilebis povna. am meTodiT Sevec-
debiT pasuxi gavceT dasmul kiTxvas - ramdenad gamWvirvale unda
iyos sagamocdo sakiTxebi? gamocdis sakiTxebis qveS vgulis-
xmobT: sakontrolo werebsa da semestrul gamocdebs, romlebic
skolis administraciis mier dgindeba. Cven gvainteresebs gavar-
kvioT, ramdenad mniSvnelovania aRniSnul SemTxvevebSi moswav-
leebisaTvis sakontrolo weris, an gamocdis sakiTxebis winaswari
gacnoba. saqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli praqtikis mixedviT,
sakontrolo werebis dros xdeba analogiuri sakiTxebis winas-
wari ganxilva. gamocdis SemTxvevaSi ki, moswavleebs, rogorc
crjkbc
wesi, saSualeba aqvT uSualod sagamocdo sakiTxebs gaecnon.
moviyvanT saqarTvelos sxvadasxva skolis maswavleblebis
argumentebs am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT:
specifika
 30 sawinaaRmdego argumentebi mxardamWeri argumentebi

gamocdis saSualebiT unda gamocda bevr funqcias atarebs.

gairkves, Tu ra icis moswavlem.
Tuki mas winaswar SevatyobinebT,
ra saxis sakiTxebi iqneba gamocdaze,
es ukve gamocda aRar iqneba
misi Semofargvla mxolod
Sefasebis funqciiT niSnavs
potenciuri motivaciisa da
swavlis xelSemwyobi aspeqtebis
ugulebelyofas

gamocdis savaraudo sakiTxebis gamocdis dros xdeba saswavlo

gacnoba iwvevs moswavleTa
koncentracias am sakiTxebze,
ris Sedegadac maTi saerTo codna
konkretul saganSi zaraldeba
masalis koncentrireba
mniSvnelovan Temebze.
gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom
gamWvirvalobis principis dacvisas
moswavleebi ufro met dros
xarjaven winasagamocdo mzadebaze

gamocdis sakiTxebis gamWvirvaloba Tuki gamocdis erTaderT miznad

iwvevs moswavleTa moswrebis moswavleTa diferenciacia
zrdas, rac moswavleTa realur migvaCnia, maSin gamocdaze davsvaT
informaciis Tavisufleba

SesaZleblobebs ar Seesabameba iseTi rTuli SekiTxvebi,

romlebsac moswavleTa 50%
pasuxs ver gascems

isedac gadatvirTulma da winasagamocdo sakiTxebis

socialurad daucvelma
maswavlebelma ratom unda
daxarjos dro gamocdis
sakiTxebis moswavleebisTvis
gacnobaze? moswavleebSi SiSis
faqtoris Sesamcireblad?
Camoyalibeba maswavlebelsac
exmareba konkretul klasTan
gaweuli muSaobis Sedegis
danaxvaSi

qarTuli sazogadoeba axali skola xom ar gvWirdeba,

gacnobierebulad Tu romelsac moswavleebi ara
gaucnobiereblad eTanxmeba imas, muqarad, aramed pirovnebis
rom skolis sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebis konstruqciul
struqtura moswavleebSi SiSs iwvevs saSualebad aRiqvamen?

komentari TqvenTvis mogvindia. Cven ki mxars vuWerT sagamoc-

do da sakontrolo sakiTxebis gamWvirvalobas.
 reziumed Semdegi fraza SeiZleba gamodges – erTad daviw- 31
yoT axali skolis Seneba.
danarTis saxiT gTavazobT skolaSi adamianis uflebebis dac-
vis Sesafasebel tests. am testis saSualebiT SeZlebT gan-
sazRvroT, Tu rogor aris daculi adamianis uflebebi Tqvens
skolaSi. konkretuli problemis identifikacia ki saSualebas
mogcemT SeimuSaoT adamianis ama Tu im uflebis dacvis gasaum-
jobesebeli RonisZiebebi.
sasurvelia, testis Setana moxdes yvela saswavlo klasSi cal-
calke, maswavleblebs ki SegiZliaT erTad SesTavazoT misi Sev-
seba.
saklaso oTaxSi dafaze daxazeT Skala, sadac mocemuli iqneba
qulebi 1-dan 4-mde. moswavleebma testis TiToeuli sakiTxi am
Skalis mixedviT unda Seafason.
SesaZlebelia, moswavleebs ar gauCndeT sakuTari azris Riad
gamoTqmis survili. am SemTxvevaSi, SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT Semdegi
meTodi _ TiToeuli moswavle individualurad avsebs tests.
Semdeg Tqven agrovebT furclebs, arevT maT da isev urigebT
moswavleebs, raTa maT zepirad gikarnaxon qulebi. Tqven am
qulebs werT dafaze winaswar momzadebul SkalaSi. aseTi xerxiT
mTel klass eZleva saSualeba ganixilos TiToeuli punqtis
Sefaseba da dainaxos miRebuli Sedegi.
testi Sedgenilia adamianis uflebebisa da fundamenturi
Tavisuflebebis dacvis evropis konvenciis mixedviT.

skolaSi adamianis uflebebis dacvis

crjkbc
Sesafasebeli testi

yuradRebiT gaecaniT TiToeul punqts da marcxniv daitaneT

Sefaseba (am dros SeecadeT ifiqroT ara marto sakuTari Tavis
specifika

mdgomareobaze, aramed gaiTvaliswinoT skolis yvela wevris:

moswavleebis, maswavleblebis, skolis administraciisa da di-
reqtoris uflebebis dacva). testis Sevsebamde gaecaniT aq moy-
vanil adamianis uflebebisa da fundamenturi Tavisuflebebis
 32 dacvis evropis konvenciis Semoklebul variants. sasurvelia,
rom konvenciis es varianti dafaze, an sxva TvalsaCino adgilas
iyos gakruli. testSi warmodgenil sakiTxebze pasuxis gacemis
Semdeg SekribeT yvela punqtze miwerili cifri.

Sefaseba
1 _ ara/arasodes; 2 _ iSviaTad; 3 _ xSirad; 4 _ ki/yovelTvis.

1. Cems skolaSi yvela moswavle daculad grZnobs Tavs (muxli 2)

2. Cemi skolis wevrebis Seviwroeba ar xdeba maTi cxovrebis
wesis gamo, mag. Cacmulobis stili (muxli 14)
3. Cemi skola TiToeuls sTavazobs monawileobis erTnair
SesaZleblobebs da erTnair saSualebebs (muxli 14)
4. Cemi skolis wevrebi, rogorc wesi, uaryofen xolme Cvens
skolaze gamoTqmul uaryofiT Sefasebebs (muxli 2, 9)
5. problemebis gadaWra Cems skolaSi araZalismieri
meTodebiT, saerTo ZalisxmeviT xdeba (muxli 2, 3)
6. saskolo wesrigisa da disciplinis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi,
informaciis Tavisufleba

yvelas erTnairad samarTlianad eqcevian. es exeba rogorc

darRvevis dadgenas, ise dasjas (muxli 6)
7. yvela, viszec raime eWvi warmoiSveba, darRvevis
damtkicebamde udanaSaulod miiCneva (muxli 6)
8. Cemi piradi saidumloeba, piradi sfero da qoneba daculia
(muxli 8; muxli 1, 1 damatebiTi protokoli)
9. Cemi skolis devizad SeiZleba CaiTvalos: `sxvadasxva
kulturisa da warmoSobis moswavleebo, maswavleblebo da
administraciis wevrebo, gaerTiandiT~ (muxli 1, 9, 10, 14)
10. Cemi skolis yvela wevrs aqvs ufleba monawileoba miiRos
demokratiul procesebSi (muxli 11; muxli 3, 1 damatebiTi
protokoli)
11. Cemi skolis wevrebs dRis ganmavlobaSi aqvT SesvenebaTa
sakmarisi raodenoba, saswavlo da samuSao saaTebis
misaRebi raodenoba da kargi samuSao pirobebi (muxli 4)
12. me viReb pasuxismgeblobas, rom Cems skolaSi ar xdeba
diskriminacia da skolis TiToeuli wevri skolis
usafrTxoebidan da keTildReobidan gamomdinare
moqmedebs (muxli 1)
 adamianis uflebebis da fundamenturi 33
Tavisuflebebis dacvis evropis konvencia

muxli 1. adamianis uflebaTa pativiscemis valdebuleba

saxelmwifoebma yvelasaTvis unda uzrunvelyon am konvenciaSi
CamoTvlil uflebaTa dacva

muxli 2. sicocxlis ufleba

Sen gaqvs sicocxlis ufleba

muxli 3. wamebis akrZalva

aravis aqvs ufleba gawamos, mogepyros araadamianurad an
dagsajos. maSinac ki, Tuki Sen sapyrobileSi imyofebi, Seni ufle-
bebi daculi unda iyos

muxli 4. monobisa da iZulebiTi Sromis akrZalva

akrZalulia mogeqcnen ise, rogorc monas an ymas, ZaladobiT
an iZulebiT Segasrulebinon samuSao

muxli 5. ufleba Tavisuflebasa da usafrTxoebaze

Sen gaqvs ufleba pirovnebis Tavisuflebasa da usafrTxo-
ebaze.
dapatimrebis SemTxvevaSi, dauyovnebliv unda gacnobon da-
patimrebis mizezi da gagacnon Sens winaaRmdeg arsebuli bral-
deba.
Sen dauyovnebliv unda wargadginon mosamarTlesTan, rom man
gadawyvitos Seni saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvamde Seni ganTavi-
sufleba.
crjkbc

muxli 6. samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba

Sen gaqvs ufleba, rom Seni saqme samarTlianad da Riad iqnas
mosmenili damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli mosamarTlis mier.
specifika

Tuki brali gedeba danaSaulSi, kanonis Sesabamisad, damnaSaved

cnobamde udanaSaulod unda ganixilebode.
Tuki Seni danaSauli damtkicda, gaqvs advokatis daxmarebis
ufleba. Tuki Sen ara gaqvs sakmarisi saxsrebi misi samarTlebrivi
daxmarebis asanazRaureblad, daxmareba unda gagewios ufasod.
 34 muxli 7. ar arsebobs sasjeli kanonis gareSe
ar SeiZleba aRiarebul iqna damnaSaved raime qmedebis an Sec-
domis gamo, romelic ar warmoadgenda sisxlis samarTlis dana-
Sauls im droisaTvis, roca is iqna Cadenili

muxli 8. piradi da saojaxo cxovrebis ufleba

Sen gaqvs ufleba Sens pirad da saojaxo cxovrebaze, saxlsa
da korespondenciaze

muxli 9. azris, sindisisa da religiis Tavisufleba

Sen gaqvs ufleba azris, sindisisa da religiis Tavisuflebaze.
Sen gaqvs ufleba eulad Tu sxvebTan erTad sajarod Tu kerZod
gamoxato Seni religia an rwmena; Tayvani sce mas, Seiswavlo, Seas-
rulo ritualebi an daemorCilo. Sen gaqvs ufleba Seicvalo
religia an rwmena

muxli 10. gamoxatvis Tavisufleba

Sen gaqvs ufleba Tqva da dawero is, rasac fiqrob; gaavrcelo
informaciis Tavisufleba

da miiRo informacia

muxli 11. Sekrebisa da gaerTianebis Tavisufleba

Sen gaqvs ufleba monawileoba miiRo mSvidobian Sekrebebze;
Sen gaqvs ufleba Seqmna da gaerTiande kavSirebSi - profesiuli
kavSirebis CaTvliT

muxli 12. qorwinebis ufleba

qorwinebis asakis qalebsa da mamakacebs aqvT ufleba daqor-
windnen da Seqmnan ojaxi erovnuli kanonebis mixedviT, romlebic
awesrigeben am uflebebis ganxorcielebas

muxli 13. ufleba efeqtur saCivarze

Tuki Sen dagerRva Seni uflebebi, SegiZlia saCivari Seitano
sasamarTloSi an sxva sajaro dawesebulebaSi.

muxli 14. diskriminaciis akrZalva

am uflebebis gamoyeneba SegiZlia miuxedavad Seni kanis fe-
risa, sqesisa, enisa, religiisa, warmoSobisa da Seni azrisa.
 muxli 15. gamonakalisi sagangebo situaciis dros 35
omis an sxva sazogadoebrivi sagangebo situaciis dros xeli-
suflebas ufleba aqvs miiRos zomebi, romlebic SeiZleba arR-
vevdes Sens aq aRweril uflebebs. TviT aseT situaciebSic ki
xelisuflebas akrZaluli aqvs adamianTa wameba da ganukiTxavad
sikvdiliT dasja.

muxli 16. ucxoelTa politikuri saqmianobis SezRudva

xelisuflebas SeuZlia SezRudos ucxoelTa politikuri saq-
mianoba maSinac, roca es winaaRmdegobaSi modis konvenciis me-10,
me-11 an me-14 muxlebTan.

muxli 17. uflebis borotad gamoyenebis akrZalva

am konvenciis arcerTi ufleba ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas
konvenciis sxva uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis sazianod.

muxli 18. uflebaTa SezRudvis gamoyenebis limitireba

am konvenciiT daSvebuli uflebebis ZiriTadi nawili SeiZleba
SezRudul iqnas sayovelTao kanoniT. aseTi SezRudva dasaSvebia,
Tuki damtkicebulia misi aucilebloba.

muxli 19-51.
es muxlebi aRweren Tu rogor funqcionirebs evropis adami-
anTa uflebebis sasamarTlo

muxli 1.1. damatebiTi protokoli _ qonebis dacva

Sen gaqvs ufleba flobde qonebas
crjkbc
muxli 2.1. damatebiTi protokoli _ ganaTlebis ufleba
Sen gaqvs ufleba iaro skolaSi

muxli 3.1. damatebiTi protokoli _ Tavisufali arCevanis

ufleba
specifika

Sen gaqvs ufleba faruli kenWisyriT airCio Seni qveynis xeli-

sufleba
 36 muxli 2.4. damatebiTi protokoli _ Tavisufali mimosvlis
ufleba
Tuki Sen qveynis teritoriaze imyofebi kanonieri statusiT,
gaqvs ufleba am qveynis farglebSi imogzauro da icxovro Seni
survilis mixedviT.

muxli 1.6. damatebiTi protokoli _ sikvdiliT dasjis

akrZalva
ar SeiZleba vinmes miesajos sikvdiliT dasja

muxli 2.7. damatebiTi protokoli _ samarTlebrivi saSu-

alebebi
Tuki Sen damnaSaved gcnes sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulSi, Se-
giZlia gadawyvetileba gaasaCivro zemdgom sasamarTloSi

muxli 3.7. damatebiTi protokoli _ ufleba zaralis anaz-

Raurebaze
Tuki Sen damnaSaved gcnes sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulSi da
informaciis Tavisufleba

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