Soundaryalahiri Part2

Sunday, October 24, 2010
dr BpsWY"pu S"X":
_"pvSQY"`Zr
{O"rY"pu W"pBp:
G"Bpldrp>ZW"Bp\"OT"pQ {\"Z{E"O"p
u
PzS \[P Pzu Cx.
Cshx P
*
B"O"vX"p{N"Y"O\"z B"B"S"X"{N"{W": _"pSC"{J>O"z

{@ZrJz> O"u `vX"z {`X"{B"qZ_"sO"u @O"Y"{O" Y":1 $
_"2 S"rLuY">EF>pY"pEFs>ZN""V"z3 E"S"@z
R"S"s: "pvS"p_"rZz {@{X"{O"4 S" {S"V"R"np{O" {R"^"N"pX"o $$ 42
PuoUz PP|o: zPiu
Qh u Qu Ruv :1 >
2
}ha\a_n\3 \z\P
u~: \| Qv4 | {z|v vt >> 42
@: P:, 2. _"X"rL>u, O"X"rL>u, _"X"rT"u, h, uh, . 3. Fs>ZNp T"J>z,

_UsZNppV"z, Fsq> ZO" pV"z, FsZ> Np pV"p _n h, n \, _u\,
_n \, 4. {@{X"Q{X"{O" V"RS"p{O" Quv zz|v.
1.
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 42
u : Qu & P! oUz Pu: =

]uz oUPz u , PPo: () =
P, zPiu = |UPP CUP , u Qh
= E u[P Qhzu , : Ruv = G PQ; : = A,
\z\P = a\v; }ha \a_n \ = UTk
Qh J a\PU Pshu { J PshuQ, \|
u~: Q Cv: = Cx G; vn = Gsnzu; |{z|v = B
EshUP?
S u oap P|zPj siu, \ \z Pu G u
|[Pz vUP.
bX"rR"Zp
B"O"v: T"p"v: X"p{N"Y"O\"z Z"W"p\"z, B"B"S"X"{N"{W": pQ"p{QOY"v: $ O"u^"pz OY"SO"_"{"@w>_"u\"pP"| W"t^"N"B"O"X"{N"O\"z Y"sGY"O"u $ _"pSC"{J>O"z _"pSz S"rZSR"z Y"P"p W"\"{O" O"P"p C"{J>O"z A"{E"O"z,
{@ZrJz> X"@sJz,> O"u `vX"z ùX"npu {\"@pZz, {`X"{B"qZ_"sO"u ! ù T"p\"{O" ! @O"Y"{O" \"N"Y"{O", Y":, _"
@\"rS:, S"rLu>Y"EF>pY"pEFs>ZN""V"z- S"rLz> B"puz O"e" A"{E"O"z S"rLu>Y"z Z"G"pO"z O"_Y" F>pY"p
O"Y"p Fs>ZN"uS" \Y"pT"S"uS" "V"z "V"\"N"|, E"S"@z E"SA"NLz>, R"S"s: @puQNLz>, "pvS"p_"rZz
"sS"p_"rZ: S: O"_Y" _"XV"{SR" "pvS"p_"rZz, {@{X"{O" S" {S"V"R"np{O" {R"^"N"pz V"s{X"o $$
e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù {`X"{B"qZ_"sO"u ! X"p{N"Y"O\"z B"O"v: B"B"S"X"{N"{W": _"pSC"{J>O"z
`vX"z O"u {@ZrJz> Y": @O"Y"{O" _": S"rLu>Y"EF>pY"pEFs>ZN""V"z E"S"@z "pvS"p_"rZz C"S"sqZ{O"
{R"^"N"pz {@z S" {S"V"R"np{O" $
Y"z W"p\": {@ZrJ>\"N"S"pz @O"sX "ss "pS": @\"r"Z: O"e" {_P"O"pz E"SZuA"pz S"pS"pZ"
X"{N"@p{SO"EFsq> ZO"pz ^>p SE"pT"O\"uS" @P"z S"p"O"u? \"Y"z O"_Y" O"EF>p G"pY"O" \"u{O" $
e" OT"ub"ppZ:, E"S"@_Y" SE"pT"O\"uS"puOT"ub"uN"pO"o $ Y"p - T"\"ppZ:, Qz
E"S"@z S" W"\"{O"; {T" O"s SE"pT" OY"T"\"_Y" T"{O"W"pS"pO"o$ Y"p - _"SQu`ppZ:,
Y"{X"SE"pT": O" E"S"@{X"{O" _"z"Y"pO"o $ Y"p - {O""Y"pu{O"ZpZ:, SQl"@_Y"
SE"pT"O\"uS" RY"\"_"pS"pO"o; _\"{R"^"N"pz SE"pT"u {@{X"{O" S" {S"V"RS"p{O" {O" _"pX"pSY"puO"u: $
O"u^"pz X"RY"u @_Y" T"pR"pSY"{X"O"Z_Y"puT"_"G"S"O\"{X"{O" {\"{S"B"X"@T"X"pN"pW"p\"pO"o _"SQu`_"Z: $
(OT"ub"p{O""Y"puO"r _T"u> $ T"\"_O"s O"qpW"p\"pQ{T" {@{X"{O" {R"^"N"pz S" {S"V"RS"p{O"
OY"T"\"puuA"_Y" "Y"O\"pO"o $ _"SQu`_O"s E"S"@u u> SE"pT"_Y" _X"wOY"pM>O\"pO"o
uA"{Y"O"sz "Y" \"u{O" _"SQu`_"Z \" GY"pY"pS"o) $$ 42 $$
{@ZrJ>X"o - Qh
u
P oUz. APUSz u
AQx oh A. Au Qhzxa ] z.
Ch Au z[P u[Pzu Qhzv vUP . Au
E |UQoUPz uh[Q z vzu Qhzv x \v
U Psk Ax G \uPkQ. \vP x
oU J h, {[P J kQx. \v
G HkzxQx. (42)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
\"z "{O"O"Se""pXW"\"O"Se"Y"pu: _\"T"z {S"TY", O"u^"pX"TY"sT"qZ O"\" T"pQpXV"sG"Y"sB"z
{O" T"t\"X"sO"z W"B"\"OY"p"ZN"pXV"sG"_Y"puO@^"| T"{O"T"pQ{Y"O"sz X"s@sJ>p{QE"ZN"pSO"X"\"Y"\"_O"s{O"z
@O"sX "pZW"O"u B"O"vqZ{O" $ ù {`X"{B"qZ_"sO"u, O"u O"\", `vX"z {@ZrJz> X"p{N"Y"O\"z B"O"v: B"B"S"X"{N"{W":
V"pp@v: _"pSC"{J>O"z {S"{V"L>_Y"tO"z _"z@O"Y"{O" Y":, _" S"rLu> B"puu Y"EF>pY"pEFs>ZN"uS"
Y"O@p{SO"\Y"pY"p "V"z {\"{E"e"z E"S"@z "pvS"p_"rZz R"S"s: {@{X"Q{X"{O" {R"^"N"pz V"s{z
V"RS"p{O", {E"f"u R"f"u $ OT"ub"O"u X"p{N"Y"p{QS"pS"pZ"A"{E"O"{@ZrJ>@pSOY"p _"z\"{O"z
O"e"v\" "z E"Sp@X"ppuY" SE"pT"X"{O"z V"R"npO"rOY"P":$ O"p\"O"p X"`pQu\" \" O"pprz
X"{O"z {E"f"u R"f"u $ SY"_Y" O"\" X"sA"p\"pu@S"u @p "{O"qZ{O" W"p\": $ P"\"p `vX"z {@ZrJz>
O"b"N"z Y": @O"Y"{O", _" O"\" _"pb"pO@pZz T"pTY" O"\"pS"sE"Z: _"S"o X"s@s J>X"ppuY" "pvS"p_"rZz
R"S"s: {@{X"Q{X"{O" V"s{z V"RS"pO"r{O"$ O"p\"O"p `vX"{@ZrJ>pY" _"`p{QOY"O"uG"_"u S"X":
{O" {@ZrJ>X"Se" QpO": $ {@ZrJ>X"Se"{\""u^"pu B"sX"sA"pQ\"B"SO"\Y": $ O"O@O"S"uS" E"
_"pb"pO@pZpu W"\"{O" $ O"uS"vO"p"r {R"^"N"p W"\"O"r{O" W"p\": $ P"\"p RY"pS"Y"puB"uS" O"\" _"pb"pO@pZz
T"pTY" {@ZrJ>X"ppuY"vO"p"rz V"s{X"S"s_"SR"f"u $ {@ZrJ>X"Se"X"p`pOXY"X"uO"p\"O"p T"@p{"O"X"o $$
42 $$
Uzu
\Uv & \ uv[Pmi u Ezu UQx,
G h E CviP Gu, Sh u
vi E ES oUP Qx. P! E u[P
Qh oUP { Cg`P |UPP CUP
uU Psh P oUPz uh[Q u[PUSP |S
vUP J Psh Qhzv |k E \vUPsk
G vhP GsqQ. ]u C {UQ.
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 42
Qh Ezu i? Ax uP E
A E AP E QhzuU Psh Cx G
{UQ. Cu Jmi Qhvz u|: G Qhzu
n[S. Qh vzu S PP A. (42)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
\"X"pS"SQ`Zr_"X"pAY"puz&": _"X"rqZO": $ _"sV"puR": @pu{\"QpS"pz {O"_T">O"Zpu{O"{W":$$
@J>pb"p{Q>Qp{"OY"z N"pB"N"S"pP"Y"pu: $ _"sV"puR"X"{T" _"pvSQY"`Y"{W"R"X"pQZpO"o $
z"z _T">pu{O"{W": _"XY"B\Y"p@s\"u {\"Ql^"pz X"sQu $$
P"v\"z W"pB"\"O"X"pS"SQz _"T"T""z T"T"Y", T"t\"puO"RY"pS"{\"R"pS"p"O"pS"pz T"{R"Y"pX"S"sB"`pY" _"sA"uS" W"B"\"O"r_\"T"T"pT"N"{S"T"sN"u T"OY"\"N"S"T"u RY"pS"u {S"V"\Y"u,
T"T"QpzC"rB"sUT"p^N"rG"pG"pS"t\"zb"N"X"o $ @{J>{e"@{S"O"XV"{_UBV"_OY"sT"_P"@@tQZX"o $$
G"C"S"z G"K>Zz S"p{W"\"{\"b"puG"@"s@X"o $ @puL>puZpuG"e"sT"w>pz_"@b"pQpu:T"p"X"RY"X"X"o $
T"B"NL>: @tT"Zpu `_O": T"@pu>pu X"{N"V"SR"S"X"o $ lY"l>@ZW"S"A"T"\"E"T"uJ>@X"o $
@NK>: {"ZpuR"ZpX"dsX"sA"pu>E"sV"s@z `S"s $ _"wr O"psZQp{G"pS"p_"pW"tB"NL>puE"S"X"o $$
T"p_O"pZ@p@N"UpX"_O"@X"tR"G"p: $ Y"P"p_"zW"\"X"uO"u^"s \"NY"p: rT"sz_"Y"puV"sR"v: $
{O" @p\Y"@T"O"puO"u: T"T"Qp{QX"tR"G"pSO"\"N"S"pO"o, \"uN"rR"{XX"_"rX"SO"Upd\"N"S"p{_"@X"o $ @T"pupR"ZS"ue"W"t@J>pb"ZQW"p^"N"X"o $$ B"NL>V"p`l@ZpuZpuG"S"p{W"X"RY"\"{e"Y"X"o $
ZpuX"p{N" dpu{N"G"puB"{O"@X"S"A"@X"p: $$
{O" O"QrY"\"E"S"z T"Y"ppuE"Y"O"pz {@ZrJ>p{QB"OY"SO"\"N"S"_Y"p{T" @{\"_"X"Y"{_"O\"pO"o,
_"`@X"{S"\"p{_"S"rz W"B"\"O"rz _"sA"pYY"pT"pT"N"T"Y"SO"z {@ZrJ>T"W"w{O"T"pQpSO"z \"N"Y"{O" B"O"vqZ{O" $ ù {`X"{B"qZ_"sO"u $ T"se"rW"p\"pT"fY"p O"s^"pZX"Y"_T" {`X"{B"Zu: @wO"pu@T"{O"u> Qu{\" !
Y": @{\": O\"QlT"p_"S"pVR"T"{O"W"p{O""Y" OY"P": $ X"p{N"Y"O\"z S"pS"p{\"R"Z"W"p\"z B"O"vqZ{O"
_"{"@w>_"u\"pP"| X"{N"W"p\"z T"p"v:.... X"{T"O\"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ B"B"S"X"{N"{W": pQ"p{QOY"v: $
sX"{N"_O"Z{N": OY"X"Z: $ _"pSz {S"{V"Lz> Y"P"p O"P"p C"{J>O"z A"{E"O"z `vX"z ùX"{\"@pZz, O"u
W"\"OY"p: {@ZrJz> X"s@s Jz,> @O"Y"{O" \"N"Y"O"rOY"P": $ _"rO"{Y"O"p, S"rLz> Z"_P"pT"S"pP": @spY":,
B"pu@{X"{O" Y"p\"O"o $ S"rL>X"r QpS"@spY"Y"pu: {O" Z"X"pp $ O"e" A"{E"O"p{S" Z"p{S"
S"rLu>Y"p{S", O"u^"pz F>pY"pS"pz S"pS"p{\"R"sO"rS"pz Fs>ZN"uS" T"N"uS" "V"z @V"sZ@p{SO"z E"S"@z,
{@ZrJ>X"o - Qh
{"Z:{_P"O"{X"SQlA"NLz> T"{O" $ _"ss> "puW"S"z S"p_"rZz _"uS"pX"sA"z, S"p_"rZp B"u_"Zp \"p Y"_Y" _"
_"sS"p_"rZ: $ O"p\Y"p{QT"pKu> {"{O" T"tG"pP"X"\Y"Y"X"o $ \"wd\"p: _"sS"p_"rZ: O"rST"Y"pY"u^\"X"Z: $ O"_Y"uQz _"pvS"p_"rZX"vSz R"S"s: "@R"S"sqZ{O" {R"^"N"pz V"s{z, O"p{SO"{X"OY"P": $
{@{X"{O" {@X"P"| S" {S"V"R"np{O" $ @ZpuOY"u\"uOY"P": $ {@ZrJ>@pu{J>S"S"pS"p{\"R"Z"@p{SO"{^"O"u
R"S"sZp@pZu E"S"@u "V"\"N"uS E"pT"V"s{z \"N"{Y"O"sz T"\"wf": @{\": $ O"uS" `vz ùX"{@ZrJ>pY"
_"`p{QOY"O"uG"_"u S"X": {O" {@ZrJ>X"Se" wO" {O" @u{E"O"o $ e" Qu\"r{"Z:{_P"O"u E"S"@u
SR"S"s W " p { SO"{S"T"N"pO"o W" p {SO"X"QpZ: $ _" E" S"rLu > Y "EF> p Y"pEFs > Z N""V"{X"{O"
{\""u^"O"pT""T"QpP"ùO"s@@p\Y"{ _"`@wO"E"S"@uSR"S"s^>pRY"\"_"pY"T"puOT"ub"pS"sT"p{N"O"
{O" e"Y"pN"pz _"Z: $ bX"rR"Zu pZuA"S"@pv"z _"sR"r{W"Zu\"p\"R"pY"{X"OY"sT"ubY"O"u $$ 42 $$
Atv
Anu & Pn|uPh &u [SQ& PhUPs
z u S oUP Cx. APx A ,
Gv Eni Ab Q USQ. T Pz
uzuz uhx v CuUP
u J A[Pzu oUQ. Av uv & P\u
P\vuu C P Esk. B\P C[S
Pzv PP, \x Qh u vi oUQ.
CQ PP x i CzvS EQ {zu
vzu! E AQx oh
BvzP z[PQ, |UPP Auz u[PU Qhzv vUP .
(oU & ]P zv. C[S z[P Azx) z vUP Bu
S[P vUP A sn JP Jh E]
sn[P. A JUS u Qhzv x ì \v
Px Cv G Izu
o Ezv G x?
Qh u |: G Au v Cu
G. (42)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
O"p\"O"p B"SP"uS" X"Se"W"pB"pu {\"E"pqZO": $ O" pZWY" T"ZX"u"Y"p: wpZz \"N"Y"{O" $
O"e"p{T" X"pS"s^"rN"pz E"ZN"p{Q\"N"S"z Qu\"O"pS"pz X"s@s J>p{Q{O", T"P"X"z X"s@s J>z \"N"Y"{O" B"O"vqZ{O" $
ù T"ZX"u"qZ, Y"_O\"pz {`X"{B"qZ_"sO"u {O" _"XV"puRY" {O" _"rO"Y"{O" $ {O" {@z? Y"f"\" {@ZrJz>
X"p{N"Y"O\"z B"O"v: B"B"S"X"{N"{W": V"pp@v : _"pSO"Y"p C"{J>O"{X"{O" @P"Y"{O" $ _" _"X"rT"u \"O"X"pS"z
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 42
E"S"@z _"@X"\"puY" Qz {@z "pvS"p_"rZz "p@z R"S"sqZ{O" V"s{z V"RS"p{O", S"s_"SR"f"u $

psS"p_"rZ_Y"uQz "pvS"p_"rZX"o $ \"_O"sO"_O"\" {@ZrJz> `vX"z ùX"np _"s\"N"uS " C"{J>O"z; T"ZSO"s T"ZX"puO@w>X"p{N"Y"X"ppY"p: T"W"pT"J>T"pJ>r@wO"X"\"puY" O"P"p W"X" OY"P": $ E"S@pY"pz SR"S"s^>W"X"u
_"pY"X"p` - {@z b"N"z E"S"@z, Y"EF>pY"pFs>ZN""V"z X"Z@O"X"{N"X"p{N"Y"X"sO"pT"\"pS"rX"{N"T"s^T"ZpB"\"vLt>Y"\"G"p{QC"{J>O"_Y" Y"p F>pY"p O"_Y"p: Fs>ZN"z T"{O"US"z O"uS" "V"z
@V"sZr@wO"z; SR"S"s^Y"{T" S"pS"pY"pX""puN"p{QZ\"f"Y"p T"O"rY"X"pS"O\"pO"o $ O"p\"O"p QmZ_P"_Y"
S"pY"z W"X":, {@SO"s O"\"p_""_Y" $ O"p"_O"s X"`pQu\" \" $ O"P"p E", O"\" "ZrZ_"pvSQY"X"uO"p"z X"pu`S"z, Y"e" \"O"X"pS"X"ZN"X"{T" T"ZX"T"X"pO"pZz T"sZX"P"S"X"{T" X"pu`Y"{O" W"X"Y"{O" $
P"\"p X"sBR"pY"p: T"p\"OY"p: W"Y"puOT"pQS"uS" drX"`pQu\"pu X"pS"X"T"S"sQ{O" $ ù T"p\"{O" ! Qz O"\"
{@ZrJz> {@z B"B"S"X"{N"{W": C"{J>O"{X"{O" X"s@s Ju> {"Z{_" S"pS"p_"tY"_"XV"SR"puOY"p W"Y"uS" X"pS"OY"pB": $
\"z E"Su SR"S"s^>pu OY"p p@{_X"@W"Y"ùO"s@T"S"z Z_"pSO"X"o $ O"QlO"z Z_"T"p@Zu _"pX"np
QpS"uS" W"uQuS" ZOY"sT"ub"p Z_"pSO"Zu $ X"r{W"T"E"pZv_O"pX"r^Y"p| X"pS"z {\"\"G"Y"uO"o $$ {O" $
P"\"p X"p{N"Y"p{QC"{J>O"z `vX"z {@ZrJ>X"e"puOT"ubY"O"u $ X"p{N"Y"O\"z B"O"v: ZO"O\"z T"p"v:
V"pp{QOY"v: _"pSO"Y"p C"{J>O"{X"\"u{O" $ O"p\"O"p X"p{N"Y"V"p`lY"z \"{N"O"X"o $
P"\"p X"p{N"Y"Y"sO"z O"\" {@ZrJz> O"Qp {\"{"^Y" \"O"sz "Y"uO", Y"Qp X"p{N"Y"O\"z
T"p"vV"pp{QOY"v: _"pSO"Y"p C"{J>O"z _Y"p{Q{O" W"tO"puT"X"p \"p $ P"\"p @pb"Z\"pB"r"ZrX"Se"T"ZO"Y"p T"X"o $ O"P"p {`X"{B"qZ_"sO"u, ` {O" {S""Y"u $ uz \"pBW"\"V"rG"z, SO"u @pSO"u Y":
_"rO"Y"{O" G"T"{O", _" {R"^"N"pz _"@"ppS"s_"SR"pS"p{OX"@pz V"s{z c"pS"z {S""Y"uS" S"s_"SR"f"u
T"pT"npOu "rOY"P": $ {@zb"N"z X"Se"z, {@ZrJz> _"@X"Se"X"@sJ>W"tO"z; O"_Y" ZG"puB"sN"T"pR"pSY"z \"N"Y"{O"
X"p{N"Y"O\"z B"O"v: B"B"S"X"{N"{W": C"{J>O"z @pu{J>_"tY"T"@p"O"sY"z; T"sS": {@zb"N"z, Y"_Y"puT"qZW"pB"u _"X"rT"u, E"pSr E"S@p SR"S"sqZ\" {\"ZpG"O"u $ O"QlO"z C"sS"p - uS_Y"u\" "Zp_"S"_Y"
QR"O"r X"RY"upJz> T"W"p{X"{O" $ P"\"p O\"pS"Y"sO"_Y" RY"pS"T"qZT"p@uS" O"\" _"pb"pO@pZu
G"pO"u {"Z{_" S"sT"X"X"s@sJ>E"S@pz E"p\"puY" T"pQlW"tO"Z_"_Y"uY"X"s{O":, Y"{QQz {@ZrJz>
V"pp{QOY"vC"{J>O"z? S" Q{X"SR"S"s: $
B"O"vX"p{N"Y"u{O" T"_Y" Z`_Y"pP": B"O"vqZ{O" $ BpBpS"-`,X"p{NpY"O\"z-Z, X"{N"{W":
@pZ:, _"pSz S"s_\"pZC"{J>O"z, {`X"{B"qZ_"sO"u {S"OY"{"u, Y"EF>pY"pEFs>ZN""V"z X"Q\"u,
E"S"@z _\"p`p $ e" T"ZXT"ZpB"O"pS"pz _"uO"X"Se"T"QB"`N"X"o $ S"S"s \Y"sOT"fY"p _\"O"Se"{_":
"ZpE"pY": _\"Y"z _"uO"S"z @wO\"p T"QpS"pX"S"{W"\"pEY"pS"pz X"Se"T"QpS"pz E", {"^Y"pS"sB"`pY"p-
{@ZrJ>X"o - Qh
E"rwT"O"o $ O"\" S"pe" p{T" "p $ T"ZXT"Zp_"X"pB"O"pu Y"z _"uO": $ S" O"s V"s{B"XY": $ B"sO"z
Y"P"p{{A"O"X"u\"$ T"@wO"u {@ZrJ>\"N"S"X"u\" $rz {S"OY"{"u X"Q\"u _\"p`p $$ 42 $$
BuQ
Sv v[P UPmh. C u S
UP. uP Px u uuP u u P
o. u Qh. u P! G J E Azx E
Qhzu oUP {zu. E Qh oUP z Ekzu C
`P |UPP vzx Ex. AuP \v. CuU
Pshx Cx G wUP Q. E Qh
u[Pzux. ]u |z (oUP)U PP \ & \P Av
vUPmk. A J \v P \v x , G
HkQx. |z Ja]u JUPm].
Ci oUP Su Hu J P A; Pu. E Qh[P
Gu A USQx. ][P A v
zxQ. "" v! E Qhzv |z[P A;
`P! A z J A! ! E u uQx'' G. ][P
iUP Cx J P.
I G U Cu _Pzv P] . CuU T |
zv Hk. (vn zz|v) S u Eu\ &
{zU| uz G {z v Cx
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
P" T"E"Y"\"N"X"p` B"O"vqZ{O" $ ù {`X"{B"qZ_"sO"u _": {O" {R"^"N"pX"S"sV"R"np{O" $ O"r{O"
{@z, Qz "pvS"p_"rZz R"S"s: {@X"sO" E"S"@z \"p, "sS"p_"rZ_S_Y"uQz "pvS"p_"rZz, E"S_Y" p@z
E"SA"NLz> E"u{O" {R"^"N"pz V"s{z _"z"{Y"O"pz @Zpu{O" $ _" @:, Y"_O"u `vX"z {@ZrJz> @O"Y"{O" $
ùX"npu&Y"z `vX"_O"X"o$ @P"z W"tO"z {@ZrJz>, B"B"S"X"{N"{W": _"pSC"{J>O"_O"z O"P"puO"X"o $ {@z
{\"R"vB"B"S"X"{N"{W": X"p{N"Y"O\"z B"O"v: X"p{N"@pS"pz _"X"t`pu X"p{N"Y"z O"_Y" W"p\"_O"f\"z, Z"_"X"t`_\"T"z T"p"v:, @P"z W"tO"z E"S"@z, S"rLuY> "EF>pY"pEFsZ> N""V"z, S"rLuY> "pS"pz S"pu@`pS"pz F>pY"p
O"Y"p Fs>ZN"z O"uS" "V"z @V"sZz, e" _\"T"u T"O"OT"OY"Y"X"S"sp\":, Y"O"pu G"p{O"\Y"{O"X"T"`pY"
T"\"O"O" {O" _\"T"pP"X"u\"pT"OY"Y": OY"P": $$ 42 $$
uz w
P! E u[PUQh, Av vUP z[P. A
J, oUPPP AvP ukQ. |k \vP. A
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 42
zu J Ezv J . oUPzu B Qh?

AuoUP[P Cg`P? |kx \vP.
? G. Es Cu x u. Au
. (42)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
\"uQpSO"\"uz Y"mT"z Qu\Y"p_O"@pB"puE"ZX"o $ O"EFs>O\"pP"pX"pz X"t{O"| W"\"pSY"p: _O"pv{O" "Z: $$
\"z O"p\"\"pSY"p: _\"T"z _O"sO\"p, R"sS"p pT"pQO"X"_O"@z Qu`z _O"pu^Y"S"o, pQpv {@ZrJz>
_O"pv{O" - B"O"vqZ{O" $ ù {`X"{B"qZ_"sO"u ! O"u O"\" {@ZrJz> @O"{Y"O"sz \"N"{Y"O"sz {S"T"X"O\"pO"o,
O"P"p{T" O"X"rLu> OY"S\"Y": $ {@ZrJz> {\"{"S"{>, B"B"S"X"{N"{W": _"pSz Y"P"p _Y"pf"P"p C"{J>O"z
_"pSC"{J>O"z {S"{V"L>Z{E"O"{X"OY"P": $ B"B"S"u X"N"Y" \" B"B"S"X"N"Y": _"tY"pQY":, O"vX"p{N"Y"O\"z
X"{N"T"O"pz B"O"v: T"p"v:, `vX"z _"pv\"N"|,O"z @{X"OY"T"ub"pY"pX"p` $ Y"_Y" {@ZrJ>_Y" F>pY"pY"p:@pSO"u:
_UsZN"uS" "V"p @{@p E"S@{@p E"S_Y" ^"puL>"pu W"pB":, %>N"p{X"{O" {R"^"N"pz V"s{z
V"RS"p{O" G"S"Y"{O" $ {O" "VQpuO"pz {R"^"N"pX"p` - Qz "pvS"p_"rZz uSz R"S"s: {@{X"{O" $ _\"p
@p @{@p $ F>pY"pFs>qZO""V"z E"Sp@{X"{O" T"pKu> Y"_Y" F>pY"Y"p Fs>qZO"z _"zT"wO"z E" O"O"o
"V"z E" O""S"@z E"SA"NL>X"o $ X"{N": rT"sz_"Y"pu: Z"G"pO"pv X"sO"p{Q@u&{T" E"u{O"
X"u{QS"r@Z: $ X"NL>S"z E"pP" X"s@s Jz> {@ZrJz> T"sSz "T"s_z "@{X"OY"X"Z: $$ 42 $$
uzu\zP
u E E{zxP AzuUPx. FzvPx.
Au B\ oUQ. "" P! E Qhzu oUP C
xvUP kQ. u J sh[P zv[P.
A |UPP u[PUQhzv vzu. Qhzv x \vP x
z J sn[P x. Ax \vP G
EshUSQx. (42)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
pB"X"pP"T"R"pS"O\"pO"o _"sV"puR"pu&"ZrqZO": $ B"sZpu: @J>pb"{\"b"uT"pQzppu&SY": _"zT"@p"O"u $$
\"X"sO"T"@pZuN" _"\"{\"p{S"{T"O"_\"T"pY"p: drdrX"`pW">pqZ@pY"p: X"pub"T"P"T"b"T"p{O"T"ub"p\""S"v@_"sB"X"z A"NL>GY"pu{O"RY"pS"z @O"sX"b"X"pN"pz W"puB"p{P"S"pX"T"{R"Y"pz _"@RY"pS"X"u\"
_"s@Z{X"{O" T"pJ>\"N"| T"p"ps"R"S"sV"pN"R"Zz T""V""X""B"O"z @pX"u"ZpT"Y"|@puT"{\"z>
_"\"pW"ZN"W"t{^"O"z E" \"O"\Y"X"o $ O"" W"B"\"OY"p: T"OY"\"N"S"z {\"S"p _"sA"uS" T"p"sX""Y"{X"{O"
@wO\"p @u"p{QT"pQpSO"X"\"Y"\"N"S"X"pZW"O"u B"O"vqZOY"p{QS"p $ X"pqNpY"O\"z Z"W"p\"z, B"O"v: T"p"v:,
{@ZrJ>X"o - Qh
B"B"S"X"{N"{W": pQ"p{QOY"v: {X"e"Z{\"_"tY"\"N"R"pe"Y"X"W"B"uS{\"\"_\"{R"pO"wO\"w{\"^NpsS"pX"{W": _"pSC"{J>O"z {\""@X"N"p _"s{>O"Y"p _"zT"p{QO"z `vX"z ùX"T"R"pS"z O"u {@ZrJ>z X"s@sJ>z, ù
{`X"{BpqZ_"sO"u! pvZpG"S"[SQ{S"! @: @O"{Y"O"sz \"Np{Y"O"sz "O":, S" @pu&T"rOY"P": $ O"Qu\"
{\"{"S"{> - Y"EF>pY"pEFsZ> N""V"z Y"_Y" X"s@s J>_Y" F>pY"pEFsZ> N"uS" @p{SO"{\"uT"uS" "V"z S"pS"p\"N"|
_"O"o E"S"@z ""p{W"f"z @O"w _"pvS"p_"rZz _"sS"p_"rZ_"zV"{SR" $ \"wd\"p: _"sS"p_"rZ
OY"X"Z: $ R"S"s: @pX"s@z {@X"uO"{Q{O" {R"^"N"pz V"s{z V"R"np{O" _"zT"pQY"{O", O"SX"s@sJ>pu \"N"{Y"O"s:
{O" _"zV"SR": $$ 42 $$
isi
\Uv Ex. BP[P P Auz u Au A
C. S Ph AuS J PmkQx. (S \[P.) u
Jz v \u UvUP . Ax P Ca\ EPUS
Gu. Au E AS Bn GUPPUTmi Auz
vUP. Au ]u J, PP \ A[S\
n G Ah[P. g\ g\zv x Au {, P\
iuu P, Bn[Pzu Aou AS, G J
APU P\ u u oUQ. z, ,
n, uu, A, P, Cv, , uu, zh, q
G AvvzP. CP zv E HP, aP A
|UPzxh u[PUQhzv vzu. Au AS oUP Cux. z
JP Jk J Cnx Qhzv x \vP xi
! G Gsna\Qx. (42)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
QpS"rz X"s@s J>p{QE"ZN"pSO"X"z _O"pv{O" - ù {`X"{B"qZ_"sO"u,O"u O"\", `vX"z _"s\"N"C"{J>O"z {@ZrJz>
@: @O"Y"O"s, O"P"p{T" _"X"rLu> _O"pv{X" $ @"z, X"p{N"Y"O\"z Z"{\""u^"W"p\"z B"O"v: T"p"v:
B"B"S"X"{N"{W": pQ"p{QOY"v:, {X"e"\"N"p{QS"pX"@v: _"pSC"{J>O"z _"s{>O"Y"p Y"pu{G"O"z, Y"_Y"
X"s@s J>_Y" F>pY"pEFsZ> N"uS" @p{SO"{\"uT"S"uS" "V"z S"pS"p\"N"| E"S"@z @O"s, _"pvS"p_"rZz _"sS"p_"rZ
S: O"O_"zV"{SR" R"S"s: @pX"s@z {@X"uO"{Q{O" {R"^"N"pz V"R"np{O" G"S"Y"O"rOY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u -O"u
O"\" `vX"z {@ZrJz>, {`X"{B"qZ {`X"_"""rO"u {B"qZ \"E"S"u T"{S"^"mT"u _"sO"u {W"\Y"O"u O\"{Y"
@: @O"Y"O"s $ T"t\"\"{^N"s_"XV"puR"S"z \"p $ E"Sp@{X"{O" {@ZrJ>puT"qZ C"{J>O"pR"E"Sp@w{O"
_"s\"N"A"NL>T"Zz, S"Z{_"z`X"tO"p\"R"E"S_"O\"pf"OT"Zz \"p $ 42 $$
10
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 43
Pu
UP Au. q zv Ex u[PQh Su
EzU[P UPmhx. Au ox Gi? Qhzv
v \v AUPmh Gk. |US v \vP
Qhzv Esk. (42)
pS"SQ`Zr
R"lS "p {e"T""ppOT"vRY"pS "pY" {@ZrJ>p{QE"ZN"T"Y"SO"z \"N"Y"{O" $ B"O"vqZ{O" $ ù
{`X"{B"qZ_"sO"u O"u O"\" `vX"z _\"N"X"Y"z {@ZrJz> X"s@s J>z @: @{\": @O"Y"{O" _"XY"O"Y"p \"N"Y"{O", S"
@pu&T"rOY"P": $ O"P"p{T" _"X"rLu> _O"pv{X" _\"V"puR"p{Q{O" "u^": $ _"X"rT"u {O" T"pKu> {S"@J> OY"P":,
E"SuOY"S"uS"pS\"Y": $ @"z {@ZrJz>, X"p{N"Y"O\"z Z"{\""u^"O"pz B"O"v: T"p"vB"B"S"X"{N"{W":
pQ"p{QOY"v:, _"pSz {S"{V"Lz> Y"P"p _Y"pf"P"p C"{J>O"z {S"{X"O"z,Y"_Y" {@ZrJ>_Y" F>pY"pY"p: @pSO"u:
_UsZN"uS" T"{O"{V"XV"uS" "V"z {E"e"T"z E"S_Y" p@z A"NL>:, Qz {@z _"pvS"p_"rZz S_"XV"{SR"
R"S"sqZ{O" {R"^"N"pz V"s{z P"pOT"Y"O"pz Qu\"pS"pz, V"R"np{O" G"S"Y"{O" $ E"SA"NL>_Y" \"@O\"pO"o,
T"{O"{V"XV"\""pO"o, ZO"T"rO"p{QS"pS"p\"N"O\"pQr"r V"s{qZ{O" W"p\": $ "V"p E"S@{@u{O"
{E"OT"pK>: $$ 42 $$
Bu & \ \zPP G h Esk. UP Eu.
\v Psh xx. Av z J vP Qx. Au
{[P Jh v u Q. (42)
R"sS"puO"s R\"pSO"z S"_O"s{O"Q{O"uSQr\"Z\"S"z

C"S"{BR"bN"z1 {E"@sZ{S"@sXV"z O"\" {"\"u $
Y"QrY"z _"pvZWY"z _"`G"X"sT"VR"sz _"sX"S"_"pu
\"_"SOY"{_X"SX"SY"u \"X"P"S"\"pJ>r{\"J>{T"S"pX"o $$ 43 $$
x|x zu |xu uuw|
P|{Uu an1 ]S {S u ] >
w x |
z u|jh| >> 43 >>
@upp: - P\[P
11
1. C"S"z {BR"z bNpz P {Uu an, {BR"z Y"pX"z - {Uu a.

u = ]! = [P ]! xu uuw =
Au P|u UPmiS Jx; P() {Uu() an
(a) = Ahu | UP; u ]S {S = Ex
P\UP, |: zu = Gx Ezx Cmh; x|x = mi
AiUPmk. w = Au C nzu ;
u| jh| |:= Gv Cv
umhzx [P (PP[P) UP, Av = Cv
SiUQ. (`hmk.)
AbzuwP \P\P|P PvP zP\, } ]S
G u |[P { Pn.
bX"rR"Zp
R"sS"puO"s T"S"sQO"s, R\"pSO"z SO"{_O"{X"Zz, S": _X"p@z, O"s{O"Q{O"uSQr\"Z\"S"z O"s{O"z
_""r@wO"z Q{O"z {W""z, {\"@{_"O"{X"OY"P":, SQr\"ZpN"pz S"rpuOT"pS"pz \"S"z Y"_Y" O"O"o $
C"S"{BR"bN"z C"S"z _"pSz {\"Zz {BR"z u`Y"sO"{X"\" {_P"O"z bN"z X"wQl $ \"X"uO"u^"pz
{\""u^"N"pS"pz _"X"p_": $ {E"@sZ{S"@sXV"z {E"@sZpN"pz @u"pS"pz {S"@sZXV"z _"X"t`: @u"T"p": R"{XX"
OY"P": $ O"\" W"\"OY"p:, {"\"u ! W"B"\"{O" ! Y"QrY"z Y"_Y" R"{XX"_Y" _"XV"{SR", _"pvZWY"z
T"qZX"z, _"`G"z _\"W"p\"{_"z T"VR"sz _"X"p@s,z> _"sX"S"_": T"s^T"p{Np \"_"[SO" p_"O"u $ {_X"S"o
R"{XX"u, X"SY"u R"s\"z, \"X"P"S"\"pJ>r{\"J>{T"S"pz \"X"P"S": V"pqZ: \"V"Y"puZW"uQpuT"E"pZ:
S"sT"p_"pP"X"r@wO": - O"_Y" \"pJ>r pS"z O"e" {\"J>{T"S": @T"\"wb"p: O"u^"pX"o $ e"uOP"z
T"QY"puG"S"p $ ù {p\"u ! O"s{O"Q{O"uSQr\"Z\"S"z C"S"{BR"bNpz O"\" {E"@sZ{S"@sXV"z S": R\"pSO"z
R"sS"puO"s $ Y"QrY"z _"`G"z _"pvZWY"z T"VR"sz {_X"S"o V"X"P"S"\"pJ>r{\"J>{T"S"pz _"sX"S"_": \"_"SO"r{O"
X"SY"u $ e" OT"bu "ppZ:, @u"T"p"\"p_"S"pP"X"u\" R"wO"pS"pz @T"\"wb"@s_"sX"pS"pz SY"P"pO\"uS"puOT"bu "N"pO"o $ O"b"N"X"o _"XW"p\"S"X"P"puOT"bu "p T"@w O"_Y" T"ZuN" Y"O"o $$ {O" $ O"s{O"Q{O"uSQr\"Z\"S"{X"OY"e" T"X"ppZ:$ S"Y"pu : _"z _ "w { > : , {O"O"NLs > \"O"o _"z _ "w G Y"X"pS"O\"pO"o $
b"rZS"rZ\"O"o _"zV"SR": _"Z: $$ 43 $$
u
]! Eh P Tu, u }zUPk
Ahx | UPuP UPuP Ex. Ax G
EzxUP APmk. Au C |nzu P, Cv
|uzumhzxU PP [P UP E P\UP
Ah[Q? EzxUP & A. (43)
12
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 43
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
@pS"o _O"pv{O" R"sS"pu{O\"{O" $ ù {"\"u O"\" {E"@sZ{S"@sXV"z @_"X"t`z, O"s{O"Q{O"uSQr\"Z\"S"z T"{X"O"{\"@{_"O"uSQr\"Z\"S"X"o $ S"uS"puT"{X"O"z, O"\" {E"@sZ_""z O"O"o, S" O"s
O"O_""X"uO"O"o $ Y"O"pu C"S"z {BR"z bN"z E" $ T"X"uY"{E"@sZpuO@^"Òu \"SO"ZX"p` - Y"QrY"{X"{O" $
Y"QrY"z _"pvZWY"z _"`G"X"sT"VR"zs T"p"sz, V"X"P"S"\"pJ>r{\"J>{T"S"pz S"SQS"\"S"O"N"pz @T"\"wb"pN"pz
_"sX"S"_": @s_"sX"p{S", O"{_X"S"o O"\" {E"@sZ{S"@sXV"u \"_"SO"r{O" O"u^"pz _"z_"B"uN " O"\"p@pS"pz S"puO@^": $
{@z O"s O"\"p@_"zT"@uN" O"u^"pX"sO@^": $ _"sZp_"sZ_"rX"{SO"S"r{\"{Ò"T"tG"pEF>uS" O"\"p@pdY"N"u
Y"X"u\" ùO"sqZ{O" ùO\"pZ: $ O"p"z S"pu R\"pSO"z R"sS"puO"s QmZr@ZpuO"s $ _\"Y"z R\"pSO"pY"X"pS"X"{T"
R\"pSO"z S"p"Y"O"r{O" X"`Qp"Y"X"o $$ 43 $$
Uu}
|uzumhzx UP u sP kx u
ux P An \mh. P\UP A
\Pmh. u } A Pzu Tu Ahx |[Q
x. u C P\nzuz u
PPUP x? C Pzu P\ Ezx C
UPmk. C C APx USx Cx. (43)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
P" R"{XX"z \"N"Y"{O" R"sS"pu{O\"{O" $ {"\"Y"{O" W"O"pu@{X"{O" {"\"p$ O"_Y"p: _"XV"s{:
ù {"\"u ! C"S"z _"pSz, C"S"z {S"ZSO"Zz _"pS{X"OY"X"Z: $ O"" O"O"o {BR"z u`Y"sO"{X"\"
{_P"O"z E" C"S"{BR"X"o $ Y"p C"S"pu S"rX"uC" \" {BR"z, bN"z X"wQlz E" $ O" \" O"s{O"z
_"X"r@wO"z Q{O"uSQr\"Z\"S"z {\"@{_"O"S"rpuOT"@pS"S"z Y"uS" O"O"o $ \Y"{O"Zu@ppZ: $ O"\"
W"O"pc"pS"{S"Zp{_"@pY"p: W"\"OY"p:, {E"@sZ{S"@sZXV"z @u"T"p":, R"{XX"{X"OY"P": $ S":
W"O"pS"pX"_X"p@z R\"pSO"X"c"pS"z R"sS"puO"s @XT"Y"O"s $ p"z_"pY"pz puJo> $ O"O"o {@{X"OY"e"p` _"`G"z OT"{f"{_"z, Y"_Y"uQz Y"QrY"z, W"\"O@u"T"p"_"zV"{SR", _"pvZWY"z _"pvB"SRY"z, T"VR"sz T"p"sz
_Y"puT"p_"S"Y"u{O" W"p\": $ V"X"P"S"\"pJ>r{\"J>{T"S"pz, \"V"Y"puZW"uQpO"o V"z X"PS"pO"r{O" V"X"P"S":
S:, O"_Y" \"pJ>r S"SQS"pAY"z T"s^T"\"S"z, O"e"_P"pS"pz {\"J>{T"S"pz @T"O"N"pz _"sX"S"_": T"s^T"p{N",
{\"Ql^"pu Qu\"p"u{O" R\"{S": $ _"sX"S"p: T"s^T"X"pOY"pu: {Y"pz S"pR"rS"Qu\"Y"pu: {O" @pu": $
O"uS" O"u^"pX"s{E"O"pS"s{E"O"p{W"c"O\"z _"t{E"O"X"o $ [_X"z{"@sZ{S"@szV"u \"_"{SO", {S"\"_"SO"r{O"
@upp: - P\[P
13
X"SY"u O"@Y"p{X"$ SY"P"p @P"X"uO"u^"pX"e" {S"OY"{S"\"p_": _Y"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ e" @u"T"p"_"pvZWY"p\"R"wO"pS"pz _"sZO"T"_"tS"pS"pz @u"T"p"_"pXY"_"pvB"SRY"puT"VRY"P"@P"S"pQlOT"ub"ppZ: $
_"p E" \"p{E"@"VQT"Y"puB"ppEY"p $ O"P"p E"uSpupS"{\"Ò"wQu\"r@u"T"p"_"pvZWY"T"qZc"pO"w{\"wf"pSO"T"O"rO"u: _"X"p_"pu{O"\Y"GY"O" OY"pZuN"ppZR\"{S": $$ 43 $$
Atv}
UuP [PUQ AQ ]! Uu A C
APv B E P\a _ } A P
\ Pshx. E P\ |nzu
uPzx UP P\zv \Pku |i Q.
. (43)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
_"@_"sZp_"sZ{S"@ZX"s{S"G"S"v: T"pqZG"pO"X"SQpZ@T"lX"@s_"sX"@QXV"v: T"tGY"X"pS"z @u"@pT"z
\"N"Y"{O" - R"sS"pu{O\"{O" $ ù {"\"u T"ZX"@Y"pN"@pqZ{N", O"\" {E"@sZ{S"@sXV"z S"pu&_X"p@z
QY"pSO"B"O"X"SR"@pZz c"pS"pAY"z, R"sS"puO"s S"p"Y"O"s {\"S"p"W"tO"@X"Y"sO"z @ZpuO"s $ {@zb"N"z,
O"s{O"Q{O"uSQr\"Z\"S"z, SQr\"Zz Y"pX"@X"z S"rpuOT"z, O"u^"pz \"S"z _"X"t`:, Q{O"z {\"@{_"O"z
E" O"{QSQr\"Z\"S""u{O" $ O"s{O"X"sT"{X"O"z Q{O"uSQr\"Z\"S"z Y"uS" O"f"P"p $ $ SQr\"Z\"S"pQ{T"
_"p{O""Y"X"o$ {O""Y"X"p` C"S"{BR"bN"z C"S"X"{O"{BR"z T"qZX"V"`lO"vp{QS"p X"_"wN"z
bN"z T"ZX"@X"S"rY"O"X"z, SQr\"Zz O"s _"tbX"z P"\"p Y"pX"O"Y"p SR"@pZpuT"X"uY"X"TY"SR"@pZS"p"@X"o $ Y"QrY"z _"pvW"pBY"X"sT"VR"sz T"p"sz V"X"P"S"\"pJ>r{\"J>{T"S"pz _"sX"S"_": T"s^T"p{N" e"
_"sZpS"puT"T"pX"pS"T"tG"S"EF>uS" \"_"{SO" pdY"SO"u $ O"O_"pvZWY"X"_X"p{W": @P"z T"p"\Y"{X"OY"p"Y"p SO"u\"p{_"O"pz T"pT"n\s "SO"r{O" $ @"z O"O_"pvZWY"z, _"`G"z, @pZN"B"sN"T"@w O"X"pY"pSO"z,
S" O"s @{@pB"X"u {QS"@Zp{Q{@ZN"vOT"pX"pS"z, @X"z O"s O"P"p pX"puQT"@J>S"{X"{SQZp{S"\"p_":
O"O_"\"| {QS"@Z@wOY"X"pX"S"{SO" OY"sO"O\"pO"o $ R"sS"puO"s R\"pSO"uOY"p{QT"pK>pu@_Y" Z`_Y"pP": $
R"sS"puO"s R\"pSO"z e"pP"pO"o puz, O"s{O"Q{O"uSQr\"Z\"S"z l"z, C"S" W"pvz {BR" pvz bN"z EF~>pvz
{E"@sZ{S"@sXV"z b"oZpvz {"\"u _\"p`p $ e" T"N"\"Z{Ò"X"{T" X"Se"z @u{E"{QEF>{SO" $ O"Qp s"Y"z,
T"Np\"pupZu l": $ puz @pvz W"pzv pvz F~p> bzv "oZpvz _\"p`p $$ 43 $$
B|uQ
uP AP, P u, u u PP
UP E A[PUQ. ]! Ex Tu _ nUPx.
14
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 43
Anzuz u sk UP TuUSa ^h. Au

n Pn Qv C Pu uz. mk
u Qnmka \PPa \uu.UPUS
n ux EQS Ax \ Gx EP
P mk. uP AuU Pn. u Tu
|n Au uzu. ] G K U ,
, a, G Cv[P Cu (43)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
R"sS"puO"s {O" - ù qp\"u, O"\" {E"@sZ{S"@sXV"z @upT"ppz S"pu&_X"p@z R\"pSO"X"c"pS"b"Npz,
R"sS"puO"s p@zT"Y"O"s $ @pz {E"@sZ{S"@sXV"z, O"s{O"Q{O"uSQr\"Z\"S"z, pQpv O"s{O"z, T""p{O"z
SQr\"ZpNppz \"S"z Y"uS" O"O"o, pQpv O"spM>z O"s{O"z, T""p{X"wY" Q{O"z, O"{"^@w^Y"p_Y"
_"pvSQY"| O"{X"{O" W"p\": $ T"sS": @pz, C"S"z {S"{V"L>z, T"sS": @pz, {BR"z {E"Npz, T"sS":
bNpz, _"sSQZz, e"pS"sT"pz@puQY"{X"OY"pÒ"_X"pQ`{X"{O" p>u $ {O" {@z, V"X"P"S"\"pJ>r{\"J>{T"S"pz _"sX"S"_": [_X"S"o {E"@sZ{S"@sXV"u \"_"[SO" $ V"_Y" QvOY"_Y" X"P"S": O"_Y" \"pJ>r
S"SQS"\"S"z O"_Y"p {\"J>{T"S"pu \"wb"p: O"u^"pz _"sX"S"_": T"s^T"p{Np $ {@z @O"s,| Y"QrY"z _"`G"z _\"pW"p{\"@z
_"pvZWY"z T"VR"sz T"pTO"sz, O"pu ùO"pu: Q{O"uSQr\"Z\"S"X"o $ S" {` SQr\"Z\"S"u^"s ^"pz \"p_"pu
W"\"O"r{O" O"tT"QS"{X"OY"P": $$ 43 $$
uzw
Tu |n Au C, \PPa \uu. Au
umhzx UP Au |nzua \PP , Tu
]UQ. TuUS E A Q Chzu |UQ
A \. A[S Cn Qmhx. (43)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
@u "T"p"z _O"v { O" R"s S "pu { O\"{O" $ ù {"\"u O"f"\" {E"@s Z{S"@s XV"z S"pu & _X"p@z
R\"pSO"X"SR"O"X"_"z c"pS"{X"OY"P": $ R"sS"puO"s @XT"Y"O"s S"p"Y"{O\"OY"P": $ T"pP"S"u puJo> $ O"s{O"z
_""r@wO"z Q{O"z {\"@{_"O"z SQr\"Z\"S"z Y"uS" O"O"o $ C"S"z E" O"{OBR"z Y"pX"z E"u{O" O"P"p $ Y"p
C"S"\"{OBR"z E" O"O"o Y"pX"z E"u{O" O"P"p $ O"e"puOT"ub"O"u Y"{Q{O" $ Y"QrY"z Y"O_"zV"{SR", SY"QpQr{S"
E"u{O" \"w_"zc"pY"pz \"wpEF> {O" F>_O"_Y"uY"pQu"u Y"QrY"{X"{O" T"{_"{: $ _"sZ{W"S"pu W"p\":
_"pvZWY"z, _"`G"z _\"pW"p{\"@X"sT"VR"sz T"p"sz V"X"P"S"\"pJ>r{\"J>{T"S"pz SpuT"\"S""p{A"S"pz _"sX"S"_":
@upp: - P\[P
15
T"s^T"p{N" \"_"SOY"{_X"S"o {E"@sZ{S"@sXV"u, X"SY"u `X"u\"z O"@Y"pX"rOY"P": $ O"uS" \"zW"tO"W"\"pS"r@u"T"p"RY"pS"z X"pu`z {S"\"O"Y"O"r{O" _"t{E"O"X"o $$ 43 $$
uzu\vP
Ahzv A P Psh P[P\
\ G Ezx Cmh UPmk. Au C |n
uQ Qmhuu uPzx UP Ex Tu u \QU
Psk, |n Q. u P\\zv
vUPzu US. (43)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
R"sS"pu{O\"{O" $ O"s{O"Q{O"uSQr\"Z\"S"z, O"s{O"X"sT"{X"O"z Q{O"uSQr\"Z\"S"z, {\"@{_"O"S"rpuOT"@pS"S"z Y"uS" O"f"P"puO"z, C"S"{BR"bN"z, C"S"z {S"{V"{L>O"z, {BR"z {E"N"z, bN"z _"sA"_T""|,
O"\" W"\"OY"p:, O"Qo {E"@sZ{S"@sXV"z @E"V"wSQz, ù {"\"u, S"pu&_X"p@z R\"pSO"X"c"pS"{O"{X"Zz R"sS"puO"s
QmZr@ZpuO"s $ R"tI"o @XT"S"u {O" R"pO"s: _\"p{Q@:, _\"p{QWY": "s: {O" {\"@ZN"T"OY"Y": $ O"Qu\"
{\"{"S"{>, Y"QrY"z _"pvZWY"z Y"QrY"z Y"O_"zXV"{SR" _"pvZWY"z _\"W"p\"{_"z T"qZX"z _"`G"z T"Y""_"zT"p{QO"z, T"VR"sz T"p"sz, V"X"P"S"\"pJ>r{\"J>{T"S"pz, V"X"P"S" S:, O"_Y" \"pJ>r S"SQS"\"S"z,
O"e"OY"pS"pz {\"J>{T"S"pz, _"SO"pS"@T"\"wb"T"pqZG"pO"pQrS"pz _"sX"S"_": T"s^T"p{N" $ {Y": _"sX"S"_":
T"s^T"z OY"X"Z: $ {_X"S@u"T"p"u \"_"SO"r{O" X"SY"u {O" \"pY"pP": $ {e"W"s\"S"puW"S"rY"_"pvZWY"Y"sO"pS"pX"{T" @T"\"wb"p{Q_"sX"S"_"pz T"qZX"pup_"pQ{O""{Y"O"p:, W"B"\"OY"p: @u"T"p"_"`G"_"zT"Q: OY"P": $$ 43 $$
isi
P\zv |n \PP u. \PP
|n kzv x. Au PP UP
Gi |n z u Tu Ahx? (43)
BppuT"p_"sSQZr
R"sS"pu[O\"{O" $ O"\" {E"@sZ{S"@sXV"z @_"X"t`:, S"pu&_X"p@z R\"pSO"X"c"pS"z R"sS"puO"s
S"ppY"O"s $ @pz, O"s{O"X"sT"{X"O"z Q{O"z {\"@{_"O"z Y"{QSQr\"Zz S"r@X"z O"_Y" \"S"z Y"uS"
O"O"o, C"S"z {S"{V"L>z E" O"[OBR"z {E"Npz E"u{O" O"O"o, _"tbX"X"_P"tX"o $ Y"QrY"z {E"@sZ{S"@sXV"rY"z
_"`G"z _\"pW"p{\"@z _"pvZWY"X"sT"VR"sz {p{b"O"sz, V"X"P"S" S:, O"_Y" \"pJ>r S"SQS"\"S"z O"e" Y"u
16
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 44
{\"J>{T"S": @T"\"wb"p:, O"u^"pz _"sX"S"_": T"s^T"p{Np, O"[_X"S"o {E"@sZ{S"@sXV"u \"_"SO"rOY"`z X"SY"u $

{\"^NpsT"b"u {p\"u @Y"pNp{S"{X"f"{X"{O" R"sS"puO"s{@Y"p[S\"O"z, \"_"{O"{@Y"p[S\"O"z \"p $ {p\"pY"p
: @pX"pu Y"_X"p{Q{O" \Y"sOT"fY"p {\"^Nps_"zVz "puR"S"z \"p $$ 43 $$
Pu
UP P Eu. qzv & G [Pzv
mk C }UPmk. (43)
pS"SQ`Zr
R"sS"pu{O\"{O" - ù {"\"u O"\" {E"@sZ{S"@sXV"z, @u"_"X"t`: S"pu&_X"p@z R\"pSO"z O"X"pu&{\"p{X"{O"
Y"p\"O"o, R"sS"puO"s S"p"Y"O"s $ @pz, O"s{O"X"sT"{X"O"z Q{O"pS"pz {\"@{_"O"pS"pz SQr\"ZpN"pz
S"rpuOT"pS"pz \"S"z Y"uS" O"f"P"p, \"S"X"sT"X"uY"z S" O"tT"X"pS"{X"{O" W"p\": $ C"S"z {S"{V"Lz> E" O"O"o
{BR"z {E"N"z E"u{O" $ O"P"p C"S"{X"{O" T"pKu> {W""z T"QX"o $ _"tbX"z _P"pvY"Z{Ò"z, bN"{X"{O" T"pKu>
X"w{OY"P": $ Y"QrY"z Y"_Y" {E"@sZ_Y" _"zV"{SR" _"pvZWY"z _"sZ{W"O"pz _"`G"z _\"pW"p{\"@z T"VR"sz
{"{b"O"sz V"X"P"S"_Y"uS_Y" \"pJ>r pS"z, O"O_"zV"{SR"S"pu Y"u {\"J>{T"S"pu \"wb"p: T"pqZG"pO"pQY"_O"u^"pz
_"sX"S"_": T"s^T"p{N", u^"pO"o "puW"S"X"S"_@p", {_X"S"o {E"@sZ{S"@sXV"u \"_"{SO" \"p_"z @s\"{SO" $
B"s@s_P"V""E"pqZN" OY"`z X"SY"u $ {E"@sZ: @sSO"pu \"p {O", O"P"p {S"@sXV"z @QXV"@
{O", O"P"p {Y": _"sX"S"_": T"s^T"{X"{O", O"P"p {\"J>T"r T"pQT"_O"qZOY"X"Z: $$ 43 $$
Bu
EPzx UP P\iQ SSzv |nzuU PP
u nP. ( EP Eu.)(43)
O"S"puO"s b"uX"z S"_O"\" \"QS"_"pvSQY"`ZrT"Zr\"p`puO":_"Z{N"qZ\" _"rX"SO"_"Z{N": $

\"`SO"r {_"SQmZz T"V"@V"ZrW"pZ{O"{X"Z1
{^"pz V"wSQvV"2SQr@wO"{X"\" S"\"rS"p@{@ZN"X"o $$ 44 $$
_"rX"SO": - Qk
17
u|x |u u|u&
u: o uo: >
w y Pv&
1
z u 2 wUu ||PQn >> 44
u|x |: = Gx Csh vP; w y = Gx

u vP ] i. 1. {O\"^"pz z 2. X"SQr w.
u & u u| u uo = E
Pzv APP UQP UP , u o: =
Qmi Pk ( & u), Pvz u: =
UP P\UPQ Cmh GvUTmhzu, wUu
||PQn C = ]hmh Cg`Qn y
]yzu, w = u[QUPsk, |: u|x = |US | umk.
{n z sh sh, } ]S, (HPv
]S) y vPg]u u u |[P {US .
bX"rR"Zp
O"S"puO"s {\"_O"pZY"O"s {Q"{O\"OY"P": $ b"uX"z Y"puB"b"uX"pOX"@z "sW"z S": _X"p@z, O"\" \"QS"_"pvSQY"`ZrT"Zr\"p`puO"__"Z{N"qZ\" - QX"u@z T"QX"o, \"uS" _"` {S"OY"_"X"p_"pu {\"W"OY"puT":
T"t\"T"QT"@w{O"_\"ZO\"z E", {O" {S"Y"X"pO"o $ \"QS"z X"sA"z O"_Y" _"pvSQY"_Y" _"sSQZW"p\"_Y" `Zr
O_"u@: O"_Y" T"Zr\"p`: T"\"p`: T"_"B"_Y" C"IY"X"S"s^Y"u V"`lX"o {O" T"qZ"VQu@pZ_Y" QrC":$
O"e" puO"__"Z{N"qZ\" puO"_": T"\"p`_Y" _"Z{N"qZ\" X"pB" \" {_P"O"p, _"rX"SO"_"Z{N": _"rX"SO"u
R"{XX"X"RY"T"Qu "u _"Z{N": _"ZNY"p@pZp@pqZO"p ZuA"p, \"`SO"r R"pZY"SO"r, {_"SQmZz {_"SQmZT"ZpB"z,
T"V"@V"ZrW"pZ{O"{X"Z{^"pz T"V"p: @u"T"p"pOX"S"p VR"G"SX"O"Y"p T"V"p: O"u E" O"u @V"ZrW"pZp:, O" \" @u"T"p"{S"E"Y"p \" {O"{X"Zp{N" O"pSY"u\" {^": "e"\": O"u^"pz, V"wSQv: _"X"t`v:,
V"SQr@wO"z V"SQrB"`N"p\"X"o $ \" {O" _"XW"p\"S"pY"pX"o $ @{\"T"pvM>pu{O"_P"u \""VQ_Y"
_"XW"p\"S"v\"pP":, SY"e" _"pY"{X"{O" {\"\"u@: $ S"\"rS"p@{@ZN"z S"\"rS": T"pO":@prS":
@: _"tY": O"_Y" {@ZN": O"X"o $$
e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p ù W"B"\"{O" ! O"\" \"QS"_"pvSQY"`ZrT"Zr\"p`puO"__"Z{N"qZ\"
{_P"O"p O"\" _"rX"SO"_"Z{N": T"V"@V"ZrW"pZ{O"{X"Z{^"pz V"wSQv: V"SQr@wO"z S"\"rS"p@{@ZN"{X"\"
{_"SQmZz \"`SO"r S": b"uX"z O"S"puO"s $ e" OT"ub"ppZ:; _"rX"SO"_"ZN"u: puO"__"Z{N"O\"uS"pu-
18
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 44
OT"bu "N"pO"o $ S"E"pY"X"sT"X"ppZ:; _\"O"{__"X"S"sT"G"r\Y" @{\"T"pMv p> {u O"X"u\"puT"G"r\Y"puOP"pS"pO"o;

S" E" _"XW"p\"S"pT"Z_Y"u\""VQ_Y" _"X"p_"{\"R"pS"pW"p\"pO"o T"X"v\"u{O" \"pEY"X"o $ \"uS" _"` {O"
_"pX"pSY"uS"puW"Y"pP"_Y" \""VQ_Y" B"`N"pO"o W"Y"e"p{T" _"X"p_"pu&_O"r{O" RY"uY"X"o $ f"ZpR"u&TY"sOT"ub"ppZ:; {_"SQmZ_Y" _"tY"{@ZN"pOX"S"p _"XW"p\"S"pO"o $ @V"ZrW"pZ_Y" {O"{X"ZO\"pZpuT"N"pO"o
T"@ppZpu&{T" \"O"O"u $ \"X"S"Y"puZpqW"p\"uS" _"Z: $ _"XW"p\"S"pz T"{O" T"@_Y"
{S"{X"f"O\"pO"o $$ 44 $$
u
u! E Pzv AS A AP Qx. Ax |US |zu
[Pmk. (| CP. Cx u | a\x P.
uU Pz ux |P ha \x . Pzxh
Ti u A Qmhmk.) AQ A UPkzx Kh
UP uhzxU Pshx E QmkUPk
Ex. C UPmh P\US P Cg`
y mha ]izxu? (44)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
_"rX"SO"z _O"pv{O" - \"`SO"r{O" $ O"\" _"rX"SO"_"Z{N": {_"SQmZz \"`SO"r, @pz {_"SQmZz
T"V"@V"ZrW"pZ: O"_Y" {O"{X"ZpuT"X"p {O\"Jo,> O"p_"pz V"wSQv: V"SQr@wO"{X"\" S"\"rS"p@{@ZN"z O"p"X"o $
@"r \" _"rX"SO"_"Z{Np: $ O"\" \"QS"_"pvSQY"`Zr _"pvSQY"p{O"Zu@T"ZXT"Zp O"_Y"p: T"Zr\"p`:
E'>p_":, f"Zpuf"ZpS"s\"O"S"z Y"e" puO":_"ZN"pv, _"p puO":_"Z{N": _"pvSQY"T"X"`pS"p:
S"\"ZO"pS"s\"O"X"pS"R"pZp@pZT"ZXT"ZpuSX"u^"\"O"r T"\"p`_"Z{N"qZOY"P": $ S": b"uX"z O"S"puO"s $ VR"T"qZT"pS"z b"uX": $ T"t\"G"SX"T"sNY"v_O"\" E"ZN"pXV"sG"W"{O"VR"p O"pz T"{O"T"pY"O"pO"o $ e"puT"X"pY"uS" W"B"\"OY"p: _"rX"SO"_"pvSQY"p{O"Zu@: T"{O"T"p{QO": $ O"uS" G"B"Q{XV"@p{\"^"Y"W"{O"b"N"W"p\": T"qZT"s^Y"O"u $$ 44 $$
Uzu}
Qk xvUP Qx. P Tu _ QmkU Pmh
UP kQx. Ax AP PshUP x. uhx
\Q Ax ]y mh Ch Pskx. C G Gv
Cg` G ]yzua ]izx? Au Qk | P
zu [Pmk. \zu E vi Uv P. Ax
C {zx ^hx |UPx . Qmku
|US [Pmk. (44)
_"rX"SO": - Qk
19
N"pX"pu{QS"r
_"rX"SO"z \"N"Y"{O" $ O"S"pu{O\"{O" $ ù Qu{\" ! \"QS"_Y" X"sA"_Y" Y"p _"pvSQY"`Zr p\"NY"@pu: X"Ò_"tpu@pu ... ... `qZ@uOY"{T" OY"X"Z: $ O"_Y" T"Zr\"p`: {S"B"X"X"pB":
G"puE'>p_": T"qZ\"`SOY"u{W"qZ{O" \"p T"qZO"pu \"p`Y"O"r{O" \"p T"Zr\"p`:, \"` T"pT"N" {O"
R"pO"pu: `S"" {O" C"I"o $ T"_"B"_Y" C"I"X"S"s^Y"u {O" QrC": $ T"Zr\"p`pu G"puE'>p_"u
X"`rW"wpuBY"\"_O"s{S" {O" {\"":$ O"_Y" puO"_"pu \"uB"_Y" _"Z{N": T"{O"qZ\" {_P"O"p $
\"uB"{S"B"EF>QOY"sO@J>@puX"pB" \" {_P"O"uOY"P":$ puO"puz&V"s\"uB" {SY"u _"Z{N": T"{O":
T"p {O" E"pX"Z: $ Y"f"t O"z , T"Zr\"p`: T" \ "p`: pu O "pu pZz , `Zr O_"u @ {O"
O"O@pu"{\"ZpuR"pQsT"ubY"X"o $ _"pvSQY"`Zr _"pvSQY"p{O"Zu@T"ZXT"Zp, O"_Y"p: T"Zr\"p`: f"Zpuf"ZpS"s\"O"S"z, Y"e" puO":_"ZN"pv _"pvSQY"X"`pS"p{X"{O" @u{E"O"o $ {@z E" {_"SQmZz ZO"\Y"{\""u^"z,
T"V"@V"ZrW"pZ{O"{X"Z{^"pz T"@w>@u"@pT"T"O"X"pu\"vqZN"pz V"wSQv: V"SQr@wO"z @pZpT"\"u{"O"z,
S"\"rS"p@{@ZN"z V"p_"tY"X"Y"tA"{X"\", T"pMv p> @{@ZN"_Y" {_"SQmZpuT"X"pS"Ò\"pO"o S"\"rS"T"QT"Y"puB": $
\"`SO"r R"ZSO"r, O"\" W"\"OY"p: _"rX"SO"_"Z{N": @u"T"{O": $ "@SR\"p{QO\"pOT"ZT"X"o $
S"pu&_X"p@z, b"uX"z @s"z, O"S"puO"s {\"_O"pZY"O"s, @Zpu{O\"OY"P": $ e" _"rX"SO"_"Z{N"{_"SQmZpS"sY"pu{B"S"pu: puO":_"Z{N"V"SQr@wO"S"\"rS"p@{@ZN"O\"puOT"ub"p&pZY"pu: S"sT"p_"uS" _"` _"z_"w{>:
$$ 44 $$
Atv}
Pzv AP Q uP Qk Ex. Au
AP x KkQx. |k uhmk {P Ax Szux
Qk. Au C PUQh |mh y J
Cg`Pz uQx. C P[Tu AvP A h
Avx ]y mh ]izxuU PmkQx.
pS"SQ{BpZrY"p
\"`SO"r{O" $ ù {"\"u T"ZX"u"qZ, O"\" _"rX"SO"_"Z{N": S"pu&_X"p@z b"uX"z O"S"puO"s $ _"rX"SO"_Y"
_"Z{N": \"rP"r S"pu&_X"p@z _"u\"@pS"pz @uO"tQY"V"sp {S">G"S"S"r O"P"p X"p W"t{Q{O" b"uX"T"Q\Y"X"o $ P"\"p T"pE"rS"T"sNY"T"qZT"p@uS" VR"pz W"{O"z T"qZT"pY"O"s $ S"uQz {_"SQmZz, {@SO"s
T"V"@V"ZrO\"uS" T"OY"`z V"`\": _"tY"X"NL>{@ZN"p: T"V"p \" {O"{X"ZX"NL>z S"p"Y"{SO" $ e"
O"s T"pE"rS"\"vZX"S"s_"wOY" V"r{W": {O"{X"Z{Lo{> W": @pu V"p@_"tY"{@ZN"pu V"SQr@wOY" _P"p{T"O":$
Y"pu Y"_Y" \"vZr _" F>p{QS"p \"vqZN": T"se"p{Q@z V"SQr@Zpu{O" $ O"pu@Zr{O"OT"ubY"O"u $
20
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 44
{S"Z{O""Y"_"pvSQY"_"{`Zr{W"Zp@NK>>X"pT"tqZO"_Y" O"\" \"QS"T"p@Z_Y" T"qZ\"p`puO":

_"Z{N"qZ\" $ Y"P"p O"L>pB"pQpv _"{_"X"t`v{S"W"wO"u T"qZT"tN"u T"pJ>S"uS"puOT"P"O"Y"p G"B"X"S"uS" qZO"z
W"\"{O" $ O""Zb"pP"| pu@p: _"tbX"@sY"pz T"Zr\"p`z @s\"{SO" $ O"uS" "S"v: "S"v: _\"T"G"u
{S"B"XY"X"pS"u _"{O" G"p{R"Y"pW"p\"uS"pT"O"Y"p T"pJ>S"z S" W"\"O"r{O" _"uO"sX"pB"OY" G"T"tN": O"L>pB"pu
B"XW"rZO"Y"p "puW"O"u $ O"QlO"z T"p{G"O"pS"pX"P"pS"pz OY"pB" \" {` Zb"N"X"o $ O"L>pB"puQZ_"z_P"pS"pz
T"Zr\"p` \"pzW"_": $ \"z O"\" \"QS"T"p@Zz _"Qp _"pvSQY"pX"wO"T"tN"| _P"pT"{Y"O"sz {\"{R"S"p {S"{X"O"p
T"Zr\"p`puO":_"Z{N": puO"puX"pB": OY"S"uS"pN"z {_"SQmZz S" W"\"{O", {@SO"s _"sW"B"_"pvSQY"_"{R"pZpT"Zr\"p`pOX"S"p {S"B"O"u{O" $ e"puT"X"pY"puT"b"N"uS" S" @_Y"p{T" W"\"{O" X"sA"X"NL>_Y"
@pTY"sT"X"pS"puT"X"uY"O"p $ O"uS" Y"P"p b"sR"pO"w^N"p\"veY"{_"@p{QS"p T"qZW"tY"X"pS"u^"s V"pu^"s, S"SY"puT"pY"O"Y"p G"S"@G"S"S"rX"sA"X"\"pu@X"pS"u^"s \"pO_"Y"puT"pS"p{QW"p\"X"p{\"W"p\"Y"{SO"G"S"@G"S"S"rT"W"wO"Y":, O"P"p V"pO"sY"u^\"_X"p_\"{T" G"B"SX"pO"s: drW"s\"S"u"Y"p: \"QS"X"NL>X"ppu@X"pS"u^"s \"pO_"Y"pS"p{QW"p\"pup_"pu W"\"{O\"{O" $ \"`SO"r {_"SQmZuOY"p{QT"_Y"
Z`_Y"pP":-\"`SO"r {_"SQmZz "p, T"V"@V"ZrW"pZ{O"{X"Z{^"pz V"wSQvV"SQr@wO"{X"\" \"{\"p{_"S"r
_\"T"X"o $ S"\"rS"p@ S"X": $ puz rz \"{\"p{_"SY"v S"X": $$ 44 $$
B|uQ
u! E Qmku GUS | [Pmk. Gv \[Pi
x u G Aa\ Hhsh. Ax |UP ""v
J \ C Azx u |US Gv.
]_ ]UQmh G C \ P\\ C `x
umhx. Au ]_ E ~ (Qk) Pmia
]izxu ! ]ymk ` \ UPx.
(P \u uUPP AUSkzx PU Phzxx x
Cx.) S u {z uxx iP Azx x
Qk AS UQ iPQx. (\ ]x US
Au \ Gv P.) P u Kh
Gx AS [P Cu iP C P\UP G P.
] uP mh, H[Q ]_ u PzuU Psx |
xz u Pzu USx ]y mhS BuUQx.
K |: Gx Cu Enzu Q v P].
(44)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
ù G"S"qS", O"\" _"rX"SO"_"Z{N": _"rX"SO"T"{O": S"pu&_X"p@z T"p_"@pS"pz b"uX"z O"S"puO"s
_"rX"SO": - Qk
21
{\"_O"pZY"O"s$ {@z{\"R"p _"rX"SO"_"Z{N": {_"SQmZz \"`SO"r QR"pS"p $ e"puOT"ub"pX"p` - {@{X"\",

S"\"rS"p@{@ZN"{X"\", S"\"rS""p_"p\"@" O"_Y" {@ZN":, O"z V"pp@{@ZN"{X"\" \"`SO"r, {@z{\"R"z
V"pp@{@ZN"z, T"V"@V"ZrW"pZ{O"{X"Z{O\"^"pz V"wSQvV"SQr@wO"z, T"V"O"Zpu M>O"Z:, Y":
@V"ZrW"pZ: \"uN"r_"X"t`:, O"Qu\" {O"{X"ZX"SR"@pZz, O"_Y" {O\"^":, O"p_"pz V"wSQv: V"SQr@wO"z V"{SQB"wù
B"w`rO"X"o $ Y"X"p"Y": -O"uG"{_O"{X"ZY"pu: _\"pW"p{\"@pu \"vZ_"XV"SR":, O"e" O"uG"_"p {O"{X"Zz
sTY"O"u, S" O"s {O"{X"ZuN" O"uG": $ O"O"" {O"{X"Zz T"V"pdY"X"{T" qZG"Y"pY" S"pz W"\"{O" $
T"V"@V"ZrW"pZpdY"z @wO\"p, EF>SO"z Z{\"{@ZN"X"u@z B"w`rO\"p, V"`l{@ZN"B"`N"u T"ZpG"Y"W"rOY"u\"v@z V"SQrE"@pZ $ e"pTY"Y"X"ppY": - OT"ub"pY"pX"sOT"ub"pSO"ZX"o $ C"S"@V"ZrW"pZ{O"{X"Z{X"\"uOY"u@p, SY"e" {O"{X"ZuN" V"SQr@ZNp{X"{O" $ T"sS"OT"bu "pX"p` @u\", O"\" \"QS"_"pvSQY"`ZrT"Zr\"p`puO":_"\"Z{NpqZ\",\"QS"_Y" _"pvSQY"|, O"_Y" `Zr @pT":, O"_Y"p: T"Zr\"p`:
T"_"Z: O"_Y" puO": T"\"p`: O"_Y" _"Z{N": T"{O"qZ\" $ O"_O"\" \"QS"_"pvSQY"T"\"p` R\"|
{S":_"wO" \" $$ 44 $$
uzw}
UP x. JUS CUS Ch CPa
\sh. J C AP kQx. C J AP ix.
C UP Tuh Cnux. u u J Qnzua
] izux. Qn[Pa ]iUP C mk, u
{a\. Pzv AS zxUPsk, mk Qx & u G
& (44)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" _"rX"SO"\"N"S"X"p` \"`SO"r{O" $ ù G"S"{S", O"\" _"rX"SO"_"Z{N":, _"rX"SO":
_"Z{N"qZ\" _"rX"SO"_"Z{N":, S"pu&_X"p@z b"uX"z @Y"pN"z O"S"puO"s {\"_O"pZY"O"s $ _"rX"SO"_"Z{N"z
{\"{"S"{->\"QS"_"pvSQY"pN"pz `Zr T"ZXT"Zp O"_Y"p: T"Zr\"p`: T"qZ\"`S"z O"_Y" puO":_"Z{N"qZ\"
{S"H"ZT"{O"qZ\" $ T"_"B"_Y" C"IY"X"S"s^Y"u V"`l{X"{O" _"te"uN" T"qZ"VQ_Y" QrC"O"p $ T"sS"{\"{"S"{>
- {_"SQmZz \"`SO"r R"pZY"SO"r, @V"Zr W"pZ \" @V"ZrW"pZ:, @V"ZrW"pZ{_O"{W"Z{X"\" @V"ZrW"pZ{O"{X"Zz O"_Y" T"V"pS"pz {O\"^"pz V"wSQv: _"X"t`v:, V"SQr@wO"z S"\"rS"p@{@ZN"{X"\", T"pO":@prS"_"tY"{@ZN"{X"\"$ @V"Zr @u"T"p": $ V"SQr V"SQr@wO": V"SQr@wO"_O"X"o $$ 44 $$
uzu \zP
uzu\vP & UP P Eu.
22
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 44
{L>[NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
{_"SQmZz S"pB"ZG":T"s"z \"`SO"r R"pZY"SO"r, T"V"@V"ZrW"pZ{O"{X"Z{O\"^"pz T"V"_Y" {S"{V"L>_Y"
@V"ZrW"pZ_Y" @u"T"p"_Y" {O"{X"ZW"tO"_Y", {O\"^"pz S"r{X"_"XT"Qpz, V"wSQv: _"X"t`v: V"SQr@wO"z
\"vqZ_"XT"@p{{G"OY" B"w`rO"z, S"\"rS"p@{@ZN"z V"pp{QOY"@ZT"@Z{X"\" \"O"X"pS"z {_"SQmZz
R"pZY"SO"r, _"rX"SO"_"Z{N": {R"p@wO"@u"T"p"X"RY"ZuA"pT"{O":, S": _X"p@z, b"uX"z @Y"pNpz,
O"S"puO"s @ZpuO"s $ O"S"s {\"_O"pZu {O" R"pO"s: @ZN"pP" \" T"{_": $ @"r _"p, O"\" W"\"OY"p:,
\"QS"_"pvSQY"`ZrT"Zr\"p`puO": _"Z{N"qZ\", \"QS"_Y" X"sA"_Y", _"pvSQY"`Y"p p\"NY"T"tZ_Y"
T"Zr\"p`puO": T"Zr\"p`pP"| Y"OpuO"_O"_Y" _"Z{N": X"pB" \" $ T"Zr\"p`pu S"pX" O"L>pB"pQuZSO":
_"{T"tZW"ZN"u @tW"W"rOY"p T"p"Y"u _"X"{R"@G"_Y" V"{`{S"__"pZN"X"o $ e"p{T" W"B"\"OY"p
X"sA"_"pvSQY"_Y"pOY"SO"T"qZT"tqZO"O\"z T"Zr\"p`"VQuS" R\"SY"O"u $$ 44 $$
isi
isi & Da]y mk | [Pa ]. S
u P S } US uhvu, C [Q
Q Q } ii iP A. P AS { x
iP Qmi . P AS P xQx. x E
(44)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
\"`SO"r{O" - O"\" _"rX"SO"_"Z{N": {R"p@wO"@u"T"p"X"RY"ZuA"pT"{O"S"pu&_X"p@z b"uX"z
@Y"pN"z O"S"puO"s {\"_O"pZY"O"s $ @"r? {_"SQmZz \"`SO"r $ @{X"\"? T"V"pu V"{>pu Y": @V"ZrW"pZ:
@u"T"p": _" \" {O"{X"ZX"SR"@pZz O"_Y" {O\"^"pz @pSO"rS"pz, {^"pz {O" T"pKu> {O"{X"ZT""e"tNppz
V"wSQv: _"X"t`vV"SQr@wO"z {\"{G"OY" B"w`rO"z S"\"rS"p@{@ZN"{X"\" V"pp{QOY"X"Y"tA"{X"\" $ T"sS":
@"r? _"rX"SO"_"Z{N": O"\" \"QS"_Y" Y"p _"pvSQY"`Zr p\"NY"O"Z_O"_Y" T"Zr\"p`pP"|
Y"OpuO"_O"_Y" _"Z{N": T"N"p{@u\"; T"Zr\"p`pu S"pX" wO"G"V"{`:_"pZN"X"o $ O"uS" _"pvSQY"_Y"pOY"SO"T"qZT"tqZO"O\"z R\"SY"O"u$ {\"^N"sT"b"u - B"\"pz Zb"N"@pu S"\"rS"p@{@ZN"z \"`SO"r O"\" _"rX"SO"_"Z{N": _"rX"SO"_""z \"OX" X"X" b"uX"z O"S"puO"s, @{X"\"? {_"SQmZ{X"\" O" \" _"rX"SO"T"QpuT"pQpS"X"o $
R\"pWY"pz X"{N"\"z"\"pQS"T"Zz X"sp_"OT"s_O"@z T"p""pl"X"vb"\"z R"S"sqZ^"sz T"pv^T"z QR"pS"z @Zv: $
B"puT"rB"puT"T"Zr\"wO"z _"sZO"ZpuX"t
u {_P"O"z `pqZN"z r\"u"z X"{N"W"t^"N"puGG\"X"X"sz @w^N"z W"G"u _"sSQZX"o $
{O" _"sSQZrB"puT"pRY"pS"p{W"T"pY"uN" \"uQz _"X"S"rY"X"o $$ 44 $$
_"rX"SO": - Qk
23
Pu
C P\ UPmh QmkUPk | [Pzu
UPmk. Cmk P[P\P UP, Cmi Gv
]_ ] iUPkx ]y mk Qmi
C[Q E P\zu \UPa \mhx
APmkx. Qn _UP UPa \ x u ]y
mh UPP CkQ. [S CPP, bz,
zuP, \, A[S\, P , n Hv PP zui _UP
PP `vUP s mk BkQ AP Qn
k Gz vu q zv . (44)
pS"SQ`Zr
\"`SO"r{O" $ O"\" _"rX"SO"_Y" {Up\"O@u"{\"SY"p_"{\""u^"_Y" _"Z{N":, UppuR\"ZAu "pT"p
S"pu&_X"p@z b"uX"z @Y"pN"z O"S"puO"s {\"_O"pZY"O"s $ @"r, {_"SQmZz pu{Ò"E"tN"{\""u^"z \"`SO"r
R"pZY"SO"r$ e"puOT"ub"O"u, T"V"z T"@w>V"Y"sO"z Y"O@V"ZrW"pZT"z {O"{X"Zz O"X":, O"_Y" {O\"^"pz
@pSO"rS"pz V"wSQv: _"X"t`v: $ {^"p{X"{O" T"pKu> {O"{X"ZT"pN"pz "e"tN"p{X"OY"P": $ V"SQr@wO"z
V"pQoR\"p _P"p{T"O"z, S"\"rS"_Y" V"p_Y" @_Y" _"tY"_Y" {@ZN"z O"uG": $ \"pVQ OT"bu "pY"pX"o $
O"QlO"z - OT"bu "p \Y"GY"O"u "VQvqZ\""VQpu&{T" O"p" {O" $ O"P"p O"\" \"QS"_Y" Y"p _"pvSQY"`Zr
p\"NY"O"Z:, O"_Y"p: T"Zr\"p`_Y" V"{`:T" \ "`N"_Y" pu O ":_"Z{N"qZ\" pu O "pu X "pB" \"
T"N"p{@u\"u{O" Y"p\"O"o $ T"Zr\"p`pu S"pX", T"tN"_Y" @tT"pQuT"qZ T"\"p`B"X"S"X"o $ O"uS" \"QS"T"_Y"
N"@p{SO"@w{e"X"G"p"Y"_Y" T"qZT"tN"_Y" _"rX"SO"T"N"p{@Y"p {_"SQmZ\Y"pG"uS" @p{SO"T"\"p`
\" \"Ò"rOY"sOT"ub"p $ O"QlO"z - SY"P"v\" {_P"O"p \"w{"uO"S"_Y"uO"Z_Y" \"p $ SY"P"puOT"ubY"O"u
Y"e" O"pX"sOT"ub"pz {\"QlV"sR"p {O" $$ 44 $$
Bu
| Cmh Pk Qk Ax |US | [Pmk.
EPhu. PQ \ Psh \P
} uUP. Ax {x Qk G iP . A
US ]y G x[SQu? (44)
24
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 45
Zpv: _\"pW"p\Y"p1Q{@W"_"dr{W"Z@v:
T"ZrO"z O"u2 \"e"z T"qZ`_"{O"3 T"u`{E"X"o $
QZ_X"uZu Y"{_X"S"o Q"S"{E"{@"@{E"Zu
_"sB"SR"pv X"p{SO" _X"ZQ`S"4E"b"sX"R"s{`: $$
45
A: u1PP:
u u2 Uz v3 [P] >
u u|]QgP]
Pu zv u|4\xx: >> 45
1. {@s`_" AS, 2. Y"e"z O"\" `_"{O" z Uz u v, 3. T"qZW"\"{O"
v, 4. X"P"S" u
u & z A: = CP _sh;
AP: = PskUSmiP ÛP, AP: =
a]; u = ù, u Uz = E P, [P]
v = \ zu u AP P]UQx, u\|] QgP
] = P JQ [PxP APx, Pu = |n
Pshx, u = ] ux, = Au Pzv;
u (u) \x: = u Azu ]x PsPQ u
skP, zv = Q[QUQhUQ.
SiP, uu zP\, R, _zu
z[SPz[Uvz, \, u
P, u u |[P { .
bX"rR"Zp
Zpv: @s{J>v: _\"pW"p\Y"pO"o _\"W"p\"O": {@W"_"dr{W": {@W"v: W"X"ZT"puO"v:
_"dr{W": _"X"pS"pW"v: $ _"X"p_"pSO"{\"R"uZ{S"OY"O\"pO"o @T"OY"Y"pW"p\": $ @v: E"tN"@sSO"v:,
T"ZrO"z T"qZO": O"z T"ZrO"z \Y"p"z O"u O"\", \"e"z T"qZ`_"{O", O"f"sY"z S" W"\"O"rOY"P": $ T"u`{E"z
T"u`_Y" @X"_Y" {E"z _"pvW"pBY"z, QZ_X"uZu QZX"r^"O"o _X"uZpu {\"@p_": Y"_Y" O"p"u, Y"{_X"S"o
Q"S"{E"{@"@{E"Zu Q"S"pS"pz QSO"pS"pz E"Y" \" {@"@p: @u_"Zp: O"v: {E"Zu _"sW"B"u,
_"sB"SR"pv _"sT"B"SR"pv, X"p{SO" S"SQ{SO" $ _X"ZQ`S"E"b"sX"R"s{`: _X"ZQ`S"_Y" _X"ZpZu: "Z_Y"
@p: - a] P\a _
25
E"b"t^z Y"u\" X"R"s{`: W"X"Zp: $ {G"O"X"SX"P"_Y"p{T" \"QS"_"pvSQY"Q"S"z X"pQS"ùO"sqZ{O" {@X"s \"O"\Y"z

O\"QS"_"pvSQY"_\"T"{X"{O" W"p\": $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p ù W"B"\"{O" ! _\"pW"p\Y"pQZpv:
{@W"_"dr{W": @v: T"ZrO"z O"u \"e"z T"u`{E"z T"qZ`_"{O" $ QZ_X"uZu Q"S"{E"{@"@{E"Zu _"sB"SR"pv Y"{_X"S"o _X"ZQ`S"E"b"sX"R"s{`pu X"p{SO" $ e" T"X"ppZ: $
S"Y"puZpqW"p\"uS" _"Z:$ Q"S"{E"{@"@{E"Zu OY"e" T"@ppZ:, Q"S"E"rS"pz
{@"@O\"u S "pZpu T "N"pO"o $ _X"ZQ`S"E"b"s X " R "s { `: OY"e" T"@ppZ:; E"b"s ^ "pz
X"R"s{Jo>O\"uS"pZpuT"N"pO"o $ S"Y"puZpqW"p\"uS" _"Z:, _"ZY"_Y" _"z_"w{>: $$ 45 $$
u
CPa _sk skUSmi AS Psh
_mh a] P ù E P \ zu uh
"GS Eh' G P]UQx. |n Pshx, uU
Px PJ AP Pzv u Azu ]x
PsPQ skP Q[Q Au zxUPsiUQ. u
UP PUPm] UP UQu Au P ASUS Dk
Gx? (45)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
_"pX"pSY"O"pu \"QS"z _O"pv{O" ZpvqZ{O" $ Zpv: @s{J>:v , _\"pW"p\Y"pO"o _"`G"@s{J>-v
qZOY"P": $ {@s`_"dr{W":, {@sz `_"SO"rOY"{@s`_"p:, O"pY": {dY"pu Y"u^"pz
O"u, O"p"vZ@v: T"ZrO"z \Y"p"z O"u \"e"z T"qZ`_"{O" T"u`{E"X"o $ QZ_X"uZu ^"p_"puSX"u^"u,
Q"S"{E"{@"@{E"Zu, QSO"T"Do{> O"@p{SO"@u_"ZX"S"pu`Zu Y"{_X"S"o \"QS"@X"u _"sB"SR"pv X"p{SO"
_X"ZX"P"S"E"b"sX"R"s{`: X"QS"pqZS"ue"X"R"s@Zp: $ Y"O_\"W"p\"@s{J>Zv @v\"u{ >O"z QSO"T"{>T"@u_"Zz
X"S"pu`Zz _"sB"{SR" _X"ZpqZS"ue"X"R"s@ZpuSX"pQ@z O"\" \"e"z, XpY"X"pS"@u_"Zpz V"`l`p_Y"Y"puBY"pz
T"pu\"pz X"QS"E"pT"X"pv\"rW"tO"X"R"s@ZO"pu^"@Zrz T">u`{E"z `_"O"r{O" {@X"p"Y"X"o? {@z V"`lS"p,
O"\" \"QS"T"Zr\"pZp @p: T">u `ZO"X"{@sz `_"[SO" $ \"e"z T">u `z `_"qO" $ W"Y"v_O"sEF>r@wO"p
T"{E": $ `pu O"\" \"QS"X"{`X"p T"ZpuO@^"p_"`@s{J>_"z_"B"G" {O" R\"{S": $ pu@u&{T" Y":
@s{J>E"u{>O": _" ^"SO"{\"@p_"uS" X"SQ{_X"O"uS" _\"_X"pO"o `rS"z `_"{O" $ T"ZrO"z Y"e"z O"\"
`_"{O" T"u`{E"z {O" {E"OT"pK>: $ O"QS"s_"pZuN"pY"X"P"pu Y"puG"S"rY": _"\"pu&{T" $$ 45 $$
Uu}
E |x CP _sh Ea] | UQx.
sizuz u P P]UQx. \ zu
26
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 45
u ux sk _u u AQ \US Pshx. Au
Cx P]UQx. u a]h AP C ]
]x. \ u PxP APP E.
C[S ]& u Azu PsPQ skP h
PUPsk [Q {Q. u PxP k.
uzvS {h. \ ux. u |t
skPUS uQ En ux G SP Pshu
CUSP Hx E PzvS Dhu? Ax u P
u PU Pmi v G u? (45)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
\"QS"z \"N"Y"{O" ZpvqZ{O" $ _\"W"p\" \" _\"pW"p\Y"z, _\"pP"u ^Y"I"o $ O"_X"pO"o
_\"pW"p\Y"pQu\", Zpv: @s{J>v:, {@W"v: W"X"ZT"puO"v: _"X"pS"p dr: "puW"p Y"u^"pz O"v:
V"pW"w_"X"pS"vqZOY"P": $ _"X"p_"{\"R"uZ{S"OY"O\"pO"o @T"OY"Y"pW"p\": $ Y"TY"e" @W""VQpu&Y"z
@W": @qZ"pV"@: {O" \"E"S"pO"o @qZ"pV"\"E"S":, O"P"p{T" {\""u^"\"p{E"S"p _"pX"pSY"b"N"uOY"Qpu^": $ Y"p, O"rOY"{:, @O"r{O" @:, _" E"p_"pv W"" {@W": $ "XW"pv
W"X"Zu Qu\": {O" @pu": $ O"uS" _"dr{W"Z@v:, E"tN"@sSO"v: T"qZO"z \Y"p"X"o $ O"u W"\"OY"p:,
\"e"z X"sA"z, \"O"r{O" \"e"{X"{O" \Y"sOT"fY"p T"u`pQlO@J>{X"OY"P": $ T"u ZpuÒ"r{O" T"u`X"o $
OT"{f"O"pu&TY"{O"C"sqZ{O" W"p\": $ B"sT"R" OY"p{QS"p @T"OY"Y": $ O"OT"s^"u @w{O" {O" _""XY"p
s@o $ O"_Y" {E"z "puW"pz `_"{O" $ _X"Y"uS" O"O_""z W"\"O"rOY"P": $ @sO"_O"{QOY"e"p` QZu{O" $
QZ_X"uZu ^"O_X"Y"\"{O", Q"S"E"Y"pu QSO"@pSO"Y":, {@zG"@p: @u_"Zp \" O"v: {E"Zu _"sSQZu,
"puW"S"pu B"SR"pu Y"_Y" _" _"sB"{SR":, O"{_X"S"o B"SR"_Y"uQOl T"t{O"_"s_"sZ{W"WY":O"r@pZ: $ Y"{_X""sO"@X"R"X"{\"{"u> \"QS"u _X"ZX"P"S"_Y" _X"ZpZu:, OY"O"{\"^"Y"p{W"p^"_Y"pT"r{O" W"p\": $ E"b"t^z Y"u\"
X"R"s{`pu X"R"s@Zp:, X"p{SO" ^Y"{SO" $ {G"O"X"QS"_Y"pTY"S"sZpB"puOT"pQ@O\"pO"o O\"QrY"z \"e"z
T""puW"pz `_"O"rOY"P": $ e" _T"R"OY"pQrS"pz _"pY"\"pE"@O\"p_"O"rOY"e"puT"X"p $ _"p
E"p{@W"uOY"psT"X"pS"sT"p{N"O"p Q"S"p\"Y"\"u^"s {@"@p{Q@P"S"pO_"p\"Y"\"u{O" Y"pu: _"Z: $
O"uS" E" {G"O"X"QS"_Y"p{T" _Y", b"N"p{W"p^"puOT"pQS"@P"S"uS" Qu\"rX"sA"_Y"ppv{@@O\"z
_"\"pu@p{O""p{Y" _"pvSQY"| \Y"GY"O" OY"pZuN" \"_O"sR\"{S": $$ 45 $$
Atv}
u! E P _. (Uv & Uz) u \ zux. ([P
& ) Csh Cnzx \? E | x _mi
CP _x. Psk Pzux. Ax |x hxu
@p: - a] P\a _
27
P APx. Ax u APU Qsh \Qx. ]x

Euk x PQ uU PxP u, ]UQ P. u
Gzx a \zu AhUQ ]x PsP uU Psk |UPQ
sk Ea _ x u QU Q[Q {Q. u
US
Psv
Dzuu
u
P
EQPmh AS Pshx. (45)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
ZpvqZ{O" $ ù X"pO":, O"u O"\" \"e"z T"u`{E"z T"qZ`_"{O" $ X"wO"_Y" _"\"_\"X"pQpY"
_"pvSQY"_"pB"Zz X"{P"O\"p {\"{R"X"QS"pWY"pz W"tY"_"p Y""uS" O"\" \"QS"X"NL>z {S"ZX"p{Y" $ T"u`z O"s
T"pO@Q X "pO"o T"w P \"rG"X"T"pO"o _\"Y"z G"pO"z {S"B" O "z , O"QSY"@p{X"S"rS"pz
\"QS"_"pR"pZNY"X"pOX"SY"{W"X"SY" _\"Y"z O\"QS"uS" T"qZ`{_"O"X"o $ SY"" Zp{e"{QS"{\"W"pB"uS"
_"z@puE""p{ O"O"o, O"\" \"QS"z O"s @pe"Y"u&{T" T"@p"X"pS"X"o $ {@z E" T"u`z E"S@p{SO"_"z_"B"u N"
{S"X"r{O" $ Qz O"s pJ>_P"X"Y"G"{V"SpOX"S"p E"SuN" {S"ZSO"Zz _"u\Y"X"pS"X"{O"X"S"pu`Zpup{_" $
O"QlO"z {"rX"sA"@pX"sA"_UsZQT"pT"pO"pS"o X"tS"o _"sR"pZ_"Z_"p{R"@pS"o X"R"sX"sE"pu
\"E"pu { \"W" X "pS"o $ {B"ZrSO"S"Y"u {X"SX"Y"G"_Y" {V"SQl W " \ "SW"\"SX"s A "X"s T "p{dO"pu
ZG"{S"G"p{S"ZWY"_Y"{O" $$ {@" T"u`z @Qp{E"{B"SX"@ZSQX"uQlZz W"\"{O", O"Qp X"R"s@Zv:
_"u\Y"O"u; S"pSY"Qp $ Qz O"s S" O"P"uOY"p`{@zb"N"z O"O"o, @vZ@T"v: W"X"Zv: _"Qp T"ZrO"z
\Y"p"z, {@zb"N"vZ@v: _\"pW"p\Y"pQZpv\"@v : $ Y"z W"p\": - _\"W"p\"uS" \"@p: @s{J>p""p
W"X"Zp @pOX"S"p {S"ZSO"Zz O"e" \"_"{SO", _"Qp T"ZX"puW"S"rY"O"p O"e"p{_O" $ @pS"pz
@pv{J>Y"uS" _"pvW"pBY"X"{T" \"{N"O"X"o $ T"sS": {@zb"N"v:, {@sz `_"O"rOY"{@s`_"p, O"p"r
dr: "puW"p Y"u^"pz O"u $ O"P"p E"p@vW"X "Z@sz T"qZ`{_"O"z, \"e"uN" T"u`{X"OY"sW"pWY"pX"sW"u O"sEF>r@wO"u
OY"P": $ {O""Y"pSO"ZX"p` Y"{_X"S>X"pe"uN" _X"ZX"P"S"E"b"sX"R"s{`pu X"p{SO" $ S" {`
T"u`Q"S"X"pe"uN" X"R"s@Zp X"p{SO", {@SO"s X"@ZSQX"p_\"p $ Qz O"s Q"S"X"pe"uN" $
QBR"X"QS"_Y" X"`pQu\"_Y" T"ZX"Y"puB"r"Z_Y"p{T" E"b"t{z ^" SX"p{SO" $ Y"{_X"SQZ_X"uZu ^"{@{_"O"u,
T"sS": @"u Q"S"{E"{@"@{E"Zu QuQrTY"X"pS"QSO"@u_"Z@X"S"rY"u, T"sS": {@zW"tO"u _"sB"SR"pv $
E"b"sqZOY"sT"b"N"z, C"pN"Z_"S"E"b"sX"R"s{`: {O" $ QZ_X"uZOu Y"S"uS" E"b"s:, Q"S"{E"{@"@uOY"S"uS"
Z_"S"p, _"sB"SR"pv C"pN"u{SY"z X"p{O" $ O"P"p E" X"QS"X"P"S"S"Y"S"X"R"s@ZpSX"pQY"O"o O"\" \"e"z
X"QS"E"pT"X"pv\"rW"tO"X"R"s@Zp\"rX"pS"SQY"SO"rz @X"{E"X"sT"`_"O"r{O" {@z {E"e"X"o? $ e"
Y"{_X"{"{O" Y"EF>VQ: O"O_"zV"{SR"O"EF>SQT"pY"P": $ T"ZrO"z O"e"z O"\" `_"{O" T"u`{E"{X"{O"
T"K> { SO" $ Zpv q Z{O" T"_Y" Z`_Y"pP" : _\"pW"p\Y"pO"o "p, Zpv : {"p,
28
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 45
{@s`_"dr{W"@v: {S"OY"X"Q\"u rz uz, T"u`{E": @puz, _X"ZX"P"S"E"b"s: "p,

SY"OT"pu O"@X"uN" c"pO\"p V"pu\Y"X"o $ \"G"u "Zr - rz {"u @puz {S"OY"X"Q\"u rz uz _\"p`p $$
45 $$
B|uQ
u! Auzv zu \zx, ASUPhU Phukzx
u ] Gkzx vzvP E E
Azu. Au P AQS Dhx u! Ax G C
u[P \x u ( \v )
ux. u u u PzvS E PU Pxu Enx
\USx. E P UPzv J[Pux. Ax P ; C
k. ` J mk . \v J k. \v
E |a \u mh A[PUQ. ux Pu
Gu k. Ax mk sk _. Cx Ai.
] PsPQ skP Cv Gx AuPu P]u
Gx _. A _miQ Gx u[Qmh. _mi
skP P u P]UQ. u Puzu
Eg] [Q skP [S. Cu PzuU Pshx
]UPsPQ skP [S. AP PsP, ] |US
|nzu US shQ SQ. u |t
skP \ Sx Cu Cu SQ. U| U
{zuz I G _ v Cu . (45)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
ZpvqZ{O" - ù X"pO":, O"u O"\" \"e"z, T"u`_Y" {E": @p{SO":, O"pz T"qZ`_"{O"
T"`_"{O"$ @P"zW"tO"z \"e"z, @v: T"ZrO"z \Y"p"z, {@z{\"R"v: _\"pW"p\Y"pO"o _\"W"p\"uS"pZpv:
\"@v: T"sS": {@z{\"R"v: {@W"_"dr{W": rS"pz W"X"ZpN"pz @W"p: T"puO"@p V"p@p_O"v:
_"X"pS"p dr: "puW"p Y"u^"pz O"v_O"P"puO"v:, {@z{\"R"z T"u`z, ZpvW"X"Zv: _\"pW"p\Y"pO"o
G"p{O"_\"W"p\"uS" T"ZrO"z \Y"p"z, T"sS": {@z{\"R"z, X"sA"u QZ_X"uZ,u QZ ^"O"o _X"uZpu `p_Y"z Y"{_X"z_O"f"P"p $
O"O"pu&{T" X"sA"u p{R"Y"X"p`- Y"{_X"SX"sA"u _X"ZQ`S"E"b"sX"R"s{`pu X"p{SO", _X"Z_Y" Q`S"pu
S"p"@pu `Z: O"_Y" E"b"tz^Y"u\" X"R"s{`pu W"X"Zp:, @P"zW"tO"u O"{_X"S"o, Q"S"{E"{@"@{E"Zu,
Q"S"pS"pz QSO"pS"pz Y"p {E"Qr{": _"v\" {@"@:, O"uS" {E"Zz _"sSQZz O"{_X"S"o, T"sS": {@z{\"R"u,
@p: - a] P\a _
29
_"sB"SR"pv "puW"S"B"SR"@u $ e"uQX"lO"z - Y": _X"ZQ`S": X"QS"X"pZ@: O"_Y"p{T" >Y"pu&e" X"sA"u

X"pSO"r{O" X"`Qp"Y"{X"OY"P": $$ 45 $$
uzw}
u P uP, | _sk u[SQ a]
shP, P AS sk PuP, P J Pzu
QgPP (PxBP) [P, x u ] PsPQ
skP Au Chh zxU Q[Q {Q.
EP. (45)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" W"\"pSY"p \"QS"z \"N"Y"{O" - ZpvqZ{O" $ Y"f"Qpu{S"OY"_"zV"SR"pO"o, e" O"OT"QX"RY"pOY"
Y"puGY"X"o $ ù G"S"{S" O"\" \"e"z T"u`{E"z T"qZ`_"{O" $ _"G"pO"rY"z _"G"pO"rY"uS" T"qZ`_Y"O"u $
O""pe"puW"Y"pu: _"pG"pOY"z, O"_X"pQe" T"u`_"pY"z bY"O"u$ \"e"z {\"{"S"{>, _\"pW"p\Y"pO"o
_\"W"p\"pO"o, Zpv: @s{J>:v @v: E"tN"@s SO"v: T"ZrO"z \Y"p"z, rS"pz W"X"ZpNppz @W"@p:
"pV"@p: O"O"o drY"u^"pz O"v: $ \"e"z T"sS"{\"{"S"{>, Y"{_X"S\"e"u QZ_X"uZu {_X"S"o ^"_"S"u
QZz ^"O"o _X"Y"O" {O" QZ_X"uZz O"{_X"S"o, _X"Zz X"PS"pO"r{O" _X"ZX"P"S"pu X"`pQu\":, O"_Y" E"b"tz{^"
X"R"s { ` \"u { O" _X"ZX"P"S"E"b"s X " R "s { `:, X"p{SO" ^Y"{SO" $ {S"{X"f"u _""X"rY"X"o $
Y"{_X"{"{X"f"u, _X"ZX"P"S"E"b"s^"pz `^"pu W"\"O"rOY"P": $ Y"p {\"^"Y"u _""X"rY"X"o $ Y"{_X"S\"e"u
W"p_"X"pS"u _X"ZX"P"S"E"b"sX"R"s{`pu ^Y"SO"rOY"P": $ "puW"S"pu B"SR"pu Y"_Y" O"O_"sB"{SR", O"{_X"S"o $
Y"QpS"sO"p T"sz_@z T"sz\"u{O" T"b"u T"sz\"p\"p"sX"o$ QZpu&\Y"Y"z X"S"pB"P" {O" X"u{QS"r@Z: $$ 45 $$
uzu \zP
J Czua \u, zu x, Cnx, uu
Pox, x u C. C[S PzvS
uUSh AQ ]ux Gx G mi. Cu UP
EP E. (45)
{L>NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
_\"pW"p\Y"pO"o _\"W"p\"p{QOY"P": E"O"s\"Npp{QWY" T"_"pS"X"o {O" _\"pP"u ^Y"I"o T"OY"Y": $
Zpv: \"@v: {@W"_"dr{W": W"X"ZV"p\"O_"ppuW"p{W":, @v: E"tNp@sSO"v: T"ZrO"z
T"qZ\"u{>O"z O"u O"\", \"e"z T">u`{E"z @X"{dY"z, T"qZ`_"{O" {\"L>XV"Y"{O" $ Y"O": @X"X"u\"
30
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 46
G"pO"z X"sA"z O"O"_O"X"X"p` $ QZ_X"uZu ^"{@{_"O"u QpS"{E"{@"@{E"Zu QSO"@p[SO"@u_"ZW"p_"sZ,u _"sBpSR"pv ppuW"S"T"qZX"Y"su , Y"[_X"S"o \"QS"u, _X"ZX"P"S"E"b"sX"R"s{`: X"`pQu\"E"b"sW"w
p:
X"p[SO" X"f"p W"\"[SO" $ _X"ZX"P"S"pVQuS" Y"pu{BpS"pu&{T" X"`pQu\"_Y"puSX"pQ@pqZO\"pO"o W"Bp\"OY"p
\"QS"_"pvSQY"p{O"pY"pu \Y"GY"O"u $$ 45 $$
isi &
UP EP uu.
BppuT"p_"sSQZr
ZpvqZ{O" - @v: @sSO"v: T"ZrO"z \"u{>O"z O"u O"\" \"e"z X"sA"z @O"w T">u`{E"z
@X"@p[SO"z T"qZW"\"{O" {O"Z_@Zpu{O" $ @pvZ@v:? _\"pW"p\Y"pO_\"W"p\"pO"o Zpv: $
@s {J> v : $ E"pO"s \ " N Y"p { QWY": T"_"pS"X"o {O" _\"pP"u ^Y"I"o $ @s {J> v \ "u { > O "_Y"
T"ZT"qZW"p\"@O\"X"s{E"O"X"u\"u{O" R\"{S": $ T"sS": @pv:? {@sz W"X"Z_"X"t`z `_"SO"r{O"
{@s`_"p dr: ppuW"p Y"u^"pz O"v: $ {@W"_"dr{W"qZ{O" T"pK>u {V"p@_"X"pS"@p[SO"{W"qZOY"P":$ Y"[_X"S"o \"e"u _X"ZX"P"S"_Y" pXW"pu"b"tz^Y"u\" {@"@p{S" @u_"Zp{Np, O"v:
{E"Zu X"S"puc"u _"sBpSR"pv _"pvZW"pp{{S" $ {\"^NpsT"b"u - ù _X"ZX"P"S" ! _X"ZuNp BppuT"rX"PS"pO"rOY"P": $
Y"p W"pS"pz _X"Zz X"PS"pO"rOY"P": $ Y"[_X"S"o E"b"sX"R"s{`pu X"p[SO" OY"S\"Y": $$ 45 $$
Pu
UP EP Eu. qzv & u Psk
PPU S Qn (u!) } Uu u {
A S AP! . (45)
pS"SQ`Zr
ZpvqZ{O" $ _\"pW"p\Y"pO_\"W"p\"pO"o, E"pO"s\"NY"p{Q\"O"o _\"pP"u O"{O": $ Zpv: @s{J>:v
{@sz W"X"Z_"X"t`: O"z `_"O"r{O" {@s`_"p dr: @{O"Y"u^"pz O"v:, {@X"_"dr{W"qZ{O"
T"pK>u W"X"ZV"p@_"X"pS"@p[SO"{W"qZOY"P": $ O"ppvZ@v"tNp@sSO"v: T"ZrO"z \"u{>O"z, O"u O"\"
\"e"z X"sA"z @O"w, T">u`{E"z T"@p[SO"z T"qZW"\"{O" $ @s{J>v: T"qZ\"wO"uS" T"ZpW"\": {@Y"O"
\"u{O" RY"{S": $ Y"[_X"S\"QS"u QZ_X"uZu ^"{@{_"O"u _"{O" _X"ZX"P"S"_Y" {p\"_Y" E"b"tz^Y"u\"
X"R"s{`pu W"X"Zp X"p[SO" X"f"p W"\"[SO" {O">p W"\"SO"rOY"P": $ _X"ZuOY"S"uS" {S"{G"O"@pX"_Y"
Y"pu{BpS"pu&{T" @pX"\"pO"p_"zT"pQS"pO"o, {O"_"pvSQY"{X"{O" R\"{S": $ @pu - QpS"E"Y"pu
QSO"@pSO"Y" \" {@"@p: @u_"Zp{Np O"v: {E"Zu X"S"pu`Zu _"sBpSR"pv _"pvZW"Y"su $ e"
pJ>X"o - |
31
_"sBp[SR"T"Q_Y" W"p{^"O"T"sz_@O\"p{W"p^"Y"p T"sz\"p\": $ O"uS" \"QS"_Y" T"ZpBpO\"z \Y"X"o $$

45 $$
Bu &
P u ]xx. UP P Eu.
(45)
pJ>z p\"NY"s{O"{\"X"z pW"p{O" O"\" Y"O"o

{O"rY"z O"SX"SY"u X"@sJ>C"{J>O"z E"Sp@X"o1 $
{\"T"Y"p_"SY"p_"pO"o W"Y"X"{T" _"zW"tY" E" {X"P":2
_"sR"puT"_Y"t{O": T"qZNpX"{O" Zp@p{`X"@Z:3 $$ 46 $$
h szv Bv u z
zw u ShPiu \z\P 1
z E \ u: 2
uv: 3 nv PP:>> 46
1.
X"@sJ>p{pA"NL_Y" p@z> Sh \]Psh \P, 2. W"Y"@wO"_"SR"pS"X"{Y"O":

W"Y"@wO"_"SR"pS"{X"{O":, EUuuu: EUu u u:, 3. _Ut{O":
v:
u: : u h = E |, szv Bvz =
AQ J \z uQx Gx. ShPiu \v\P =
Shzxh CnUP \v xsk, zw uz = Cshx
\v xsk G {UQ. E = |Q \v v,
Qhzv Cnzu v, u: z = mi JhP
Cnzx, u v: = Au a\ zumk JmiUPsk
PP: nv = o \vP Qx.
Ah\z uPu \u, \\zPu, u u
|[P { .
32
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 46
bX"rR"Zp
pJ>z {S"{J>,z p\"NY"s{O"{\"X"z p\"NY"z O"pZY"X"u\" s{O"GY"puO| p O"Y"p {\"X"z {BR"z,
pW"p{O" p _"X"SO"pp{O" $ O"\" Y"O"o {O"rY"z O"O"o X"SY"u p>u $ X"@sJ>C"{J>O"z {@ZrJ>@{O"z
E"Sp@z E"SpR"A"NL>z, {\"T"Y"p_"SY"p_"pO"o - pJ>z \"ppuNpz \"O"O"u; E"Sp@z
pJ>_Y"puT"qZ R\"
w z \"O"O"u $ W"Y"pu: {\"T"Y"p_"SY"p_": w
> E"O"s^@_"zX"uS"z, O"_X"pO"o W"Y"X"{T"
pJ>E"Sp@u, _"XW"tY" {X"{O\"p, E"@pZpu&{O"pY"\"pE"r $ {X"P": SY"puSY"z _"sR"puT"_Y"t{O":
_"sR"pY"p: X"wO"_Y" uT": {\"uT"S"z O"_Y" _Y"t{O": _"r\"S"z Y"_Y" _": X"wO"Z_"_"pS OY"P": $
T"qZNpX"{O" O"pmTY"z W"G"{O", O"Qp@pZp@pqZO" OY"P": $ Zp@p{`X"@Z: Zp@pY"pz T"t{NpX"pY"pz
{`X"@Z"S: $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù W"Bp\"{O" ! O"\" Y"O"o pJ>z p\"NY"s{O"{\"X"z
pW"p{O" O"O"o X"@sJ>C"{J>O"z {O"rY"z E"Sp@z X"SY"u $ Y"O"o (Y"_X"pO@pZNppO"o) W"Y"X"{T"
{\"T"Y"p_"SY"p_"pO"o {X"P": _"XW"tY" E" _"sR"puT"_Y"t{O": Zp@p{`X"@Z: T"qZNpX"{O" $ T"t{NpX"pY"pz
_"XT"tNpO"p E"S_Y" @P"z W"\"uO"o, {@ZrJ>u R"Qu`p{\">O"Y"p E"S: T"qZY"O" {O" T"t{NpX"pE"Sz
{S"{X"f"r@wOY" pJ>X"sOT"ubY"O"u $
e" OT"bu "p>pZ:, pJ>_Y" R"E"SO\"uS"puOT"bu "NppO"o $ Y"p={O"rY"pR"u {O"pY"pu{Z>pZ:, Zp@p{`X"@Z_Y" pJ>{@ZrJ>C"{J>O"E"SZuA"p{O"Y"{S"X"pNpp_"XV"SR"u&{T" _"XV"SR"@P"S"pO"o $ e" @{\"@[T"O"\"_O"s\"wf"_"pvSQY"Y"puZW"uQpRY"\"_"pY": $ OT"ub"p{O"pY"puOY"pu:
p{W"p\"uS" _">Z: $ RY"\"_"pY"\Y"pT"pZT"pR"pSY"u OT"ub"p RY"\"{_"O"T"pR"pSY"u O\"{O"
pY"pu{: $ _"te"Y"_Y"pY"X"P": RY"\"_"pY"{\"^"Y"W"tO"u RY"\"_"pS"{@Y"pT"_Y" \Y"pT"pZ_Y"
T"pR"pSY"z Y"e" O"e"puOT"ub"puOP"pS"X"o $ Y"Qp RY"\"_"pY"-{\"^"Y"W"tO"u RY"\"{_"O"_Y"v\" T"pR"pSY"z
T"O"rY"O"u, O"Qp {O"pY"puu OP"pS"X"o $ RY"\"_"pY"pu S"pX" - {S""Y"c"pS"X"o $ O"" @{\"T"pMv p> {u {_"z, S" \"p_O"\"X"o $ OT"bu "p_O"s RY"\"_"pS"{@Y"pT"pR"pSY"_Y" puO"@p: $ X"SY"u p>u R"\s "X"o
OY"\"X"pQY": _\"T"puOT"bu "ppuO"@p: $ ùO"tOT"bu "pY"pz ùO"sZ\u ", UpuOT"bu "pY"pz UX"u\" puO"@X"o $
O" \" _\"T"puOT"bu "pY"pz \"pW"p\"u ùO"sUY"puZ_"XW"\"pO"o, {O"pY"puOY"sOT"bu "Y"pu: W"uQpW"p\"pO"o
_"v\"puOT"ub"p {O"pY"pupv SO"W"tO"u{O" {QDo>X"pe"X"sX"o $ (46)
u &
u! Ex | UQ J ] Pshx. | Au
Qhzxh Cnu Cshx \vx vzxshP {UQ.
\v CvP { Rv UQ vU
pJ>X"o - |
33
R|UQ zxu |v R|UQ \v v.

i mi mk R Csk Csk (|S
P) Cni _stUP a\ Jmkx, AuQ
_st a\ CnUP i u { Ah. n
\v. Qhzv v Ehh \v Pnku vv
|x. B mi {x. {a\P A \
ii AUP Ga \z uQx. (46)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
W"pz _O"pv{O" - pJ>{X"{O" $ O"\" pJ>z p\"NY"uS" @pSOY"p E" {\"X"z O"P"p pW"p{O" $
O"\" {O"rY"z X"s@sJ>p{pA"NL>_Y" p@{X"{O" X"SY"u $ {@ZrJ>@pu{J>_P"_Y" R"E"S_Y"
T"ZX"R"{X"OY"P": $ O"e" ùO"sX"p` {\"T"Y"p_"u{O" $ {\"T"Y"p_"SY"p_"pO"o \Y"OY"p_"O"pu SY"p_"puO"pu: $
{\"T"Y"p_"u ùO"sX"p` W"Y"u{O" $ Y"O" W"Y"@wO"_"SR"pS"X"{Y"O": T"p{T"O":, \Y"OY"p_"z {\"S"p _"X"r@wOY"
_"SR"pS"u @wO"u, _"sR"puT"_Ut{O": _"sR"p_"pS{\"W"X":, Zp@p{`X"@Z: T"tNpE"S: T"qZNpX"{O" $
E"S{V"XV"X"RY"u @_O"tY"p ZuA"pz {\"R"pY" {R"p {S"{X", R"uS " X"s@s J>p{pA"NL>z R"uS " E" pJ>z
{\"{Ò"\"pS"o @{"QS"p{QT"s^": $ O" \" W"tEF>uS" pJ>pR"E"SZuA"p Y"O" {O" W"p\": $
OT"ub"puT"X"pùO\">pZpNpzp _">Zpu&e" Y"P"p_"XW"\"z c"uY": $$ 46 $$
Uzu &
| y Pskx. Qhzv
\v v Cx. Ch z u R UP mkx. Cu
zuz vzv zu Aua\Q _stUP \ Jmi
JPz u. A|v J, \v zv |k PyP42
Pimk CshP x Jv Shzv \v
v |Sv Azx. Au UPmh
AizuPU Psk J \vP PnkQx. (46)
NppX"pu{QS"r
Upz \"NpY"{O" pJ>{X"{O" $ ù Qu{\" ! \"Np: @p[SO"{\"pu^":, \"Np \" p\"NY"z,
_\"pP"u ^Y"I"o $ X"spUu^"s F>pY"pY"p: O"ZO\"{X"\"pSO"Zp $ T"{O"W"p{O" Y"Qu^"s O"p\"NY"{X"`puEY"O"u OY"sb"NpX"o $ O"Qu\" s{O": @p[SO":, O"Y"p {\"X"z {S"X",z O"\" pJ>z UpQup:,
pW"p{O" E"SA"NL>\"OT"@ppO" {O" Y"O"o, O"_X"pO@pZNppO"o, O"O_"pY"pO"o, X"@sJ>C"{J>O"z
{@ZrJ>A"{E"O"z E"Sp@z {O"rY"X"W"\"O"o, pJ>pOX"@X"u@z p@z, X"@sJ>[_P"O"z O"s E"Sp@z
34
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 46
{O"rY"z p@z O"@Y"pX"rOY"P": $ OT"bu "pUX"p` - {\"T"Y"p_"SY"p_"pO"o, \"ppuNppuR\"@puNpY"pu:

pJ>E"Sp@Y"pu:, T"t\"p\"_P"pO"pu \"vT"ZrOY"uS" wE"O"sY> "vY"_"zT"pQS"T"t\"@z SY"p_"pO"o {S"b"uT"pO"o,
wE"O"sY> "Y"puG"S"p{QOY"P": $ W"Y"X"{T" pJ>z E"Sp@z E"u{O" u {T", {X"P":, SY"puSY"z,
_"XW"tY" {X"{O\"p, @_O"tZrT">uS" _"SR"p{S"O"z _"{QOY"P": $ _"sR"v\"puT": uT"S"\Y"z T"@ppr@ZNppP"@z _"sR"pT"z Y"z, O"_Y" _Y"t{O":, _"uE"S"z Y"_Y" _":, X"wO"Z_"{": _"{"OY"P": $
_"uE"S"u _"SO"O"pv _Y"t{O": {O" Z"X"pp $ Zp@p{`X"@Z: T"t{NpX"pE"S: _"S"o T"qZNpX"{O" $
T"tNpE"ST"T"pSO"Zz T"pTS"puO"rOY"P": $ S" {` W"\"pJ>{@ZrJ>p\"[_P"O"E"Sp@pQSY"pu
Zp@pE"Spu&_O"rOY"{W"T"pY": $ _"XV"SR"u _"XV"SR"T"p{O"pY"puOY"sOT"ub"Y"pu: _">Z: $$ 46 $$
Anv &
zv J u u G A\x AQ J u u
s G. n & J. Au u u s. E |
uuUQ J Pshx. y UPx. Ax \v vPz uQx.
Cx \v Jv G v Shzv Ex. R ~
Csh ~ Csh { Cnzx ]h sk. (v
\v C[Q ChzuU Pmkx J mhUPk
u. E |UP \v izu Ax PimkUPmk.) u
APU Py a\ Jmi Aua\ Jmh |k P
Pimh n \v u. E |a \v Qh \v uzx
\v Qhx. (46)
pS"SQ{BpZrY"p
_""X"rz {S"OY"pX"p` pJ>{X"{O" $ ù X"pO"_O"\" pJ>z p\"NY"s{O"{\"X"z _"pvSQY"@p[SO"{\"X"z p _"X"SO"pp{O" ppuW"O"u $ O"OT"pY"uNp X"s@s Jp>{pA"NL>_Y" X"s@s J>_P"E"SpR"_Y" {O"rY"X"\"{p>z Y"QR"| O"{QQ{X"{O" X"SY"u $ O"e" ùO"sX"p` {\"T"Y"p_"SY"p_"pQlW"Y"X"{T" O"O_"sR"puT"_T"t{O":
T"qZNpX"{O" Zp@p{`X"@Z: $ R\"X"sA"_Y" X"s@s J>E"SpR"_Y", R"puX"sA"_Y" E" pJ>T"E"SpR"_Y"
{\"T"Y"p_"SY"p_"pO"o \"vT"ZrOY"uS" _"{"\"uppO"o, W"Y"z @wO"_"SR"pS"z X"sA"{\"SY"p_"z {\"S"p _"X"r@wOY"
T"Z_T"Z_"zX"sA"O"Y"p _"SR"pS"z E"u\"{O", O"Qp _"sR"puT" _Ut{O": Zp@p{`X"@Z:T"qZNpX"{O",
pZO@prS"T"t{NpX"p_"zV"[SR" E"SX"NL>z _"XT"tNp| W"\"{O" $ O"Qp c"pY"O"u O"_Y"v\"pR"Y"X"{T" $
O"P"p E" _"XT"tNp-E"SX"NL>z A"NL>{Y"O\"p O"\" pJ>z {S"{X"O"{X"{O" W"p\": $ {@zb"Npp
_"s R "pu T "_Ut {O" : _"s R "pu T "_Y" _Ut {O" : $ O"p\"O"p A"NL> Y"_"SR"pS"u {S"Y"p _ "_P"pS"rY"z
{E"Np\Y"X"sT"SY"_O"X"o $ {T"S"p {\"ZpuR"pW"p_": $ @wO"_"SR"pS"z E"pA"NL>O\"uS" T"qZNpX"{O" $
pJ>z p\"NY"uOY"p{Qpu@_Y" Z`_Y"pP": pJ>{X"{O" $ pJ>z "p $ s{O" QmOY"v $ {\"X"z
pJ>X"o - |
35
{p\" $ X"SY"u S"X": $ rz {p\"QmOY"v S"X": $$ 46 $$

BuQ
Hx {z ]yv |. u! AP y
Psh E |, Shzv \v vUS v G {UQ.
uh zuu uzuPz uQx. i |P zx Au
\ n\vP P u. n \v v E |.
CvP Cnzx Jmh ] ux Au. Jmi
APsh \v k. ]yz |: G v { Cx.
(46)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
pJ>{X"{O" $ ù X"pO": pJ>X"pW"p{O" Y"O"o O"Q`z X"s@sJ>p{pA"NL>_Y" {O"rY"z p@z
X"SY"u $ X"s@sJ>u p{pA"NL>z E"Sp@z, O"_Y" {O"rY"p@z O"uS" E" pJ>z p>u $ @P"zW"tO"z
pJ>z, p\"NY"s{O"{\"X"z p\"NY"_Y" s{O": @p[SO": O"Y"p {\"X"z {S"X"X"o $ e"puOT"ub"O"u,
W"Y"X"{T" p@z {\"T"Y"p_"SY"p_"p[SX"P": _"XW"tY" Zp@p{`X"@Z: T"qZNpX"{O" {@X"o? T"{O"U{O"
{@X"o? {\"T"ZrO"pE"ZNpuS" @puNppWY"pz @puNp_"zY"puBpp{QOY"P":, {@z{\"R":, Zp@p{`X"@Z:
_"sR"puT"_Ut{O":, _"sR"pY"p uT": O"O"o \"p _Utt {O"Y"_Y" _" O"P"p $$ 46 $$
uzw &
UP P Eu. (46)
T"QpP"E"[S@p
P" pJ>z _O"pv{O" pJ>{X"{O" $ ù G"S"{S", O"\" Y"{X"z qS"X"z pJ>X"pW"p{O" O"SX"s@s J>u
p{pA"NL>z X"s@sJ>p{pA"NL>z O"_Y", {O"rY"z p@z p@_\"T"z X"SY"u O"@Y"p{X" $ pJ>z
{\"{pS"{>, \"Npp [O\"Jo> {\"O"u Y"_Y" O"\"Npz, p p{QWY"pu&E"o $ \"Np_Y" W"p\"pu p\"NY"z
pJ>u ppuW"p _"p s{O"Qr{": Y"[_X"z_O"O"o $ p{pA"NL>Y"X"sOT"ubY"O"u, {\"T"Y"p_"SY"p_"pu
\"vT"ZrOY"C"J>S"p O"_X"puO"puW"Y"X"{T" _"XW"tY" T"Z_T"Zz _"XT"pTY" Zp@p{`X"@Z: T"pvNpX"p_"rE"S:
T"qZNpX"{O" X"wJ>\"O"o $ W"Y"e" _"pX"pS"p{R"@ZNY"X"o $ A"NL>Y"X"uS"uS" E"ST"T"qZNppX"u
Y"puBpQpS"z _Y"pO"o, O"{"\"pZNppP"| {`X"@Zz {\"{pS"{>, {X"{O": @T"pz T"p" OY"P": $ O"e"
ùO"sX"p` _"sR"puT"uS" _Y"t{O": _"uE"S"z Y"[_X"S"o _": $ W"Y"X"{T" _"XW"tY" E" {X"P" {O" T"pK>u _T">
\"pP": $ _"sR"puT"_Ut{O"qZ{O" T"pK>u _"sR"puT"uS" _Ut{O"Zu@O\"c"pS"z Y"[_X"S"o Zp@p{`X"@Zu {O"
36
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 47
\Y"pAY"uY"X"o $ W"t: T"p"P"pu&e" $ \"Npz S"Qr[O\"^"pu: {_e"Y"p{X"{O" X"u{QS"r@Z: $$ 46 $$

uzu \vP &
UP P Eu. i CvPU PtvUP, Jmk
mhx uvUP Aua_. (46)
{L>[NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
p\"NY"s{O"{\"X"z _"pvSQY"@p[SO"{S"X"z, O"\" W"\"OY"p Y"pJ>z W"pQup: pW"p{O",
_"X"SO"pr{"z T"pTS"pu{O", O"f"u pJ>z O"\" X"s@s J>p{pA"NL>_Y" {@ZrJ>Su Ql{W"f"_Y" {O"rY"z p@z
R"| X"SY"u $ O"e" ùO"sX"p`{\"T"Y"p_"SY"p_"pO"o R\"X"sA"_Y" E"Sp@_Y" R"puX"sA"_Y" O"\"
pJ>_Y" E" {\"T"Y"p_"SY"p_"pO"o \"vT"ZrOY"uS" {S"\"uppO"o W"Y"X"{T" O"Y"X"{T" _"XW"tY" _">S"{X"{O"z
Y"Qp W"\"{O", O"Qp _"sR"puT"_U{O": A"NL>Y"puZu@W"p\"pu Y"e" _" O"P"pu:, Zp@p{`X"@Z:
T"t{NpX"pE"S: T"qZNpX"{O" _"zT"O"u $ X"SY"uT"QX"sOT"ub"ppuO"@X"RY"p`pZpP"X"o $$ 46 $$
isi & UP P Eu. (46)
BppuT"p_"sSQZr
pJ>{X"{O" O"\" pJ>z p\"NY"uS" _"pvSQY"uNp sOY"p @pSOY"p E" {\"X"z Y"QpW"p{O"
O"O"o X"s@sJ>p{pA"NL>_Y" {O"rY"z p@z A"NL>z X"SY"u $ O"e" ùO"sX"p` {\"T"Y"p_"SY"p_"pO"o W"Y"X"{T"
_"XT" {X"{O"z Y"QpW"\"{O" O"Qp _"sR"puT"uS"pX"wO"uT"uS" _Y"t{O": A"NL>Y"puZ@u W"p\"pu Y"e" _" Zp@p{`X"@Z: T"t{NpX"pE"S: T"qZNpX"{O" _"XT"O" OY"P": $ {\"^NpsT"b"u&TY"u\"X"o $ X"s@s J>p{pA"NL>p&u e"p>ZNpT": $$ 46 $$
Pu
UP . q zv Au. Qhzv \v
A[P. (R \v | G A.) (46)
pS"SQ`Zr
pJ>{X"{O" $ p\"NY"uS" {BR"O"Y"p s{O": ppuW"p Y"_Y" O"ppz {\"X"z {S"X"z O"\"
pJ>z Y"QpW"p{O" ppuW"O"u, O"SX"s@sJ>_"XV"[SR" p{pA"NL>_Y"pR"E"S_Y" {O"rY"z p@z X"SY"u
O"@Y"p{X" $ O"Qu\"puT"T"pQY"{O" - W"Y"z pJ>z X"s@s Jp>{pA"NL>z E" {\"T"Y"p_"uS" {X"P"pu {\"X"sA"Y"pu:
_"pzX"sAY"T"uNp SY"p_"pQT"NppO"o _"zW"tY" _"SR"pY" {X"{O"z Zp@p{`X"@Z: T"t{NpX"pE"S: T"qZNpX"{O"
OT"O"u $ {T": _"XW"p\"S"pY"pX"o $ @p: _"sR"pY"p X"wO"_Y" E"tNp_Y" \"p uT"uS" _Y"t{O":
W"\s "pv - [P
37
_"r\"S"z @W"p\"pu Y"_Y" O"P"p A"NL>Y"X"{W"X"sA"z Y"puG"{Y"O\"p _"sR"puT"pu[O@Y"O"u O"Qp T"tNpE"Spu

W"\"O"r{O" _"zW"p\Y"O" {O" W"p\": $$ 46 $$
Bu
UP Eu. (46)
W"s\"pv W"s"u {@{"Qo W"s\"S"W"Y"W"\Y"_"{S"{S"

O\"QrY"u S"ue"pWY"pz X"R"s@Z{E"WY"pz R"wO"BpsNpX"o1 $
R"S"sX"SY"u 2_"\Y"uO"Z@ZBpw`rO"z3 Z{O"T"O"u:
T"@pu>u X"s>pv E" _P"BpY"{O" {S"BptM>pSO"ZX"sX"u4 $$ 47 $$
U| Qg]z|[P{{
zw |z xP] zuSn 1 >
u 2 uP Uu 3 vu:
Ph h \ uPv {Thu 4 >> 47
1. R"wO"BpsNpu zuSn, 2. &_"\Y"uO"Z &u, 3. Z{O"T"{O": vv:, 4. {X"X"u .
u :& |[P{{! = EPzv }UPzu x
UPPU Psh!, Qg]zU| ! = ]x R |UQu, zw &
Ex, = [P, xP] = sk ; |z
= PsP, zuSn = P CzxUPmhmhx;
uPUu = Chx P yUQ GkUPmhx; Ph
h \ = oUPmk mi; uPvv & USx,
{Thu = |kSv UPmhu; vu: u~: = u
{UQ
: . u |[P { .
bX"rR"Zp
W"\s "pv W"\t "r, W"s"u \"pFw
> O"Y"p \"{Y"O"u, {@q"O"o S"pOY"SO"z W"s\"S"W"Y"W"\Y"_"{S"{S" !
W"s\"S"pS"pz G"BpO"pz W"Y"_Y" T"\"_Y" W"u S"pp@ZNpu \Y"_"S"z O"Qu@T"\"NpO"p _Y"p _O"r{O"
W"s\"S"W"Y"W"\Y"_"{S"S"r O"_Y"p__"XV"s{: $ O\"QrY"u W"\"O_"XV"[SR"SY"pv, S"ue"pWY"pz {b"WY"pz,
X"R"s@Z{E"WY"pz X"R"s@ZpNppz W"X"ZpNpp{X"\" {E": ppuW"p Y"Y"pu_O"pWY"pz X"R"s@Zp@pZ@pqZO"pWY"p-
38
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 47
{X"OY"P": $ R"wO"BpsNpz R"wO": _"XT"p{QO": BpsNp: GY"p\"r Y"_Y" O"O"o, R"S"s: E"pT"z, X"SY"u p>u $
_"\Y"uO"Z@ZBpw`rO"z _"\Y"pu Q{b"Np:O"{QO"Zpu \"pX": _" E"p_"pv @Z" O"uS" Bpw>`rO"z, _"\Y"uO"ZpVQuS"
@uS"v\" `_O"uS" _"\"Qp R"wO"z, S" O"s V"pNpT"Y"puBppP"{X"{O" _"tEY"O"u $ Z{O"T"O"u: X"SX"P"_Y", T"@pu>u
X"{NpV"SR"u, X"s>pv lrS"pz BpSP"pv, Y"z X"s{>pVQ: S"spp_"S"\"ppO"o r{pu&{T" T"Y"puBpV"p`lY"pO"o T"s{O"pX"pT"":, BpNLt>^"pVQ\"O"o $ Y"P"p QZz T"qZX"p{O" X"s{>S"p {O" S"v^"R"u
T"Y"puBp: $ _P"BpY"{O" _P"BpS"z F>pQS"z @s\"{O" _"{O", {S"BptMp> SO"Zz {S"BptMu> SO"Zu X"pv\"rQNL>Y"puY"_Y"
O"O"o, X"u ! ù T"p\"{O" $
e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"pù X"u ! W"s\"S"W"Y"W"\Y"_"{S"{S" ! O\"QrY"u {@{"l"u W"s\"pv
X"R"s@Z{E"WY"pz S"ue"pWY"pz R"wO"BpsNpz Z{O"T"O"u: _"\Y"uO"Z@ZBpw`rO"z T"@pu>u X"s>pv E" _P"BpY"{O" _"{O"
{S"BptM>pSO"Zz R"S"sX"SY"u $ e" W"s\"pv R"S"sqZ{O" T"@z; W"s\"pu: R"S"ttT"uNp {S"T"NppO"o $ O" \"
{\"E"S"v@\"E"S"Y"pu: _"pX"pS"p{R"@ZNY"z W"s\"pv R"S"sqZ{O" $ Y"z W"p\": {\"pu^"Npz E"O"s{\"R"z,
\Y"p\"O"@{\"pu^"Npz, T"Z"@{\"pu^"Npz, T"b"Np{\"pu^"Npz, T"pR"pS"{\"pu^"Npz E"u{O" $ O"e"
\Y"p\"O"@{\"pu^"Npz S"rpuOT"{X"OY"pQpv, O"e" S"vY"_Y" "uO"p{Q\Y"p\"O"@O\"pO"o $ T"Z"@{\"pu^"Npz
{{\"R"z T"Z"S"_Y" pZpuT"{\"^"Y"BppuE"ZO\"uS", pZpuTY"X"pNpBppuE"ZO\"uS" E"u{O" $ O"e" pZpuT"{\"^"Y"-BppuE"ZO\"z X"sA"z E"S: OY"pQpv $ O"e" E"SO\"uS" X"sA"_Y" T"Z"S"X"o $ O" \"
{W"uQu&{T" {\"pu^"Np{\"pu^Y"W"p\": {_": $ _" O"Ql"@sE"pv W"\"S"o {O" S"v^"R"u $ O"e" _":
{O" @p @:, pv @sE"pv, W"Y"pu{\"pu^"Np{\"pu^Y"W"p\": $ pZpuTY"X"pNp{\"pu^"Npz O"s
{O"Z_@qZNY"pu G"Qp W"\"[SO"$ e" pZpuTY"X"pNp{O"Z_@qZNprO\"z pZpuT"{\"^"Y"pOX"O"Y"p
[_P"O"X"o $ O"" T"t\"X"u\" {S"{T"O"X"o $ T"b"Np{\"pu^"Npz @p@\"u\"Qf"Bpw`X"o $ T"wP"@o
[_P"O"u({O":) {` R"{X"{Np T"b"Np{X"{O" T"b"Np{\"Q: $ @p@O\"p{QG"pOY"p{\">_Y"v\"
T"b"NpO\"pO"o {\"pu^"NpO"pu W"uQ: $ T"pR"pS"{\"pu^"NpX"o Zz _U{J>@X"o {O" $ R"X"pOX"S"p
T"pR"pY"@O\"pO"o T"b"NpO"pu W"uQ: $ \Y"p\"O"@O\"pO"o S"rpuOT"pQu\Y"p\"w{f": $ e"uQz O"f\"X"o
T"Z"@{\"pu^"Np_P"u X"sA"z E"S: @p: _O"S"pv W"s\"pv R"S"s: OY"p{Q_P"u
E"S@pps T "Z"@{\"pu ^ "Npp{S" p{dO"{_"pSY"u \ " X"s A "p{Q@z _O"S"p{Q@z E"
{\"{pz^"SO"r{O", S" _O"S"pQu: X"sA"pQu\"p {z _"pz \"p W"G"SO"u $ {S"Y"O"{O"Y"p {\"pu^Y"{S"C"nO\"pW"p\"pO"o O"ZuWY"pu {\"pu^"NpuWY"pu \Y"p\"w{f": $ X"SY"upVQT"Y"puBppO"o _"XW"p\"S"puOP"pS"pO"o
OT"ub"p>pZpu&{T" $ S"Y"pu: S"s_"w{>:, T"wP"[_P"O"Y"pu: >pZY"pu: p{W"p\"pO"o $
T"wP"[_P"O"Y"pu: >pZY"puZp{W"p\"pu&S"s_"G"S"z, T"wP"[_P"O"Y"pu_O"s _">Z: OY"p>pqZ@Z`_Y"X"o $ {O"pY"pu{Z{T", W"tX"RY"S"p{_"@pX"RY"Y"pu: X"s{>T"@pu>_P"{BpO"O\"uS"pRY"\"_"pS"pO"o $
W"\s "pv - [P
39
e" S"p{_"@pY"p: _"\Y"uO"Z@ZO\"uS"pZpuT"NpT"O"rO"u: T"@p>pZpu R\"SY"O"u $ Y"p_"\Y"uO"Z@ZO\"uS" S"p{_"@pY"p: RY"\"_"pS"T"O"rO"u: {O"pY"pu{: $ S"Y"pu: _"SQu`__">Z: $$ 47 $$
u
E! EQ zu USv u! Ex ]x
R|UQ u [P v Pn u PU
PxQ. skP E PsP Au |s. Au |s
mhmkx. ChxP |kSv izxUPsiUQx.
A Gx x P. Au i |o |k (PsPQ sk |o
|kSv) izxx. |kSv sk |o
|kSv |k vu Chx Pi sk |o
|kSv vu x Pi x. Au
|o |kSv x. (47)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
W"s\"pv _O"pv{O" W"s\"p{\"{O" $ ù W"s\"S"W"Y"W"\Y"_"{S"{S" G"BpY"W""S"pru, O"\" W"s\"pv
{@{"l"u ^"O@s{J>u, X"R"s@Z{E"WY"pz S"ue"pWY"pz R"wO"BpsNpu W"wpY"X"pNpu S"ue"X"pv\"r@u, R"S"s:
T"pv^T"z X"pv\"r X"R"s@ZX"Y"r (pu.6) {O" T"pBpsz R"S"sX"SY"u $T"s^T"E"pT"z G"pS"u OY"sOT"bu "p>pZ: $
_"\Y"uO"Z@ZBpw`rO"z \"pX"@ZBpw`rO"z R"S"s: Z{O"T"O"u: T"@pu>u X"s>pv E" _P"BpY"{O" pEF>pQY"{O" $
X"sp> v R"S"sX"RY"z T"@puu> GY"pX"RY"z _P"BpY"{O" $ {S"BptMp> SO"Zz Y"P"p W"\"{O" O"P"p T"@puX> "s{>\Y"\"R"pS"pO"o
R"S"sX"RY"z E" S" Y"O" OY"P": $ W"tBpO"v{\"RY"QpS"u&Y"z ùO"s: $ \"_O"sO": @X"u\" R"S"s: S" u $
{S"\"u T"pu^"@u ùO\">pZ: $$ 47 $$
Uzu
EQ zu USu CPU Psh! E
C[P ]x R|UQ x. A u ?
Au |s sk CPsP. [PUS PsPUS Ch
E Ch P |tPzuhP Eu? |kSv
u Chx Pi |o |kSv Amh x
P i x. J . Csh. (47)
NppX"pu{QS"r
W"s\"pv \"NpY"{O" W"s\"p{\"{O" $ W"s\"S"pS"pz pu@pS"pz W"Y"_Y" W"u W""S"u \Y"_"S"z O\"Zp,
{\"pu^"uNpp_"S"z {S"Zp@ZNpz \"p, _Y"p _O"r{O" W"s\"S"W"Y"\Y"_"{S"S"r, O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{: ù
W"s\"S"W"Y"W"\Y"_"{S"{S", W"rO"W"G"S"e"pNpQr{b"O"u Qu{\" ! z E"vO"O"o, OP"z Y"Qp Y"Qp
40
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 47
V"pR"p QpS"\"puOP"p W"{\"^Y"{O" $ O"Qp O"Qp\"O"rY"p`z @qZ^Y"pXY"qZ_"zb"Y"X"o $ {O" $ X"ùp_Y"

T"{O">pX"pe"z, G"BpY"{S"\"pZNpz O"s W"\"QR"rS"{X"OY"ppY": $ O" \" puX"ùp_Y", X"p bX"r:
X"p $ X"ùp_Y" bX"rT"O\"pO"o _"\"_"pvAY"{\"G"Y"p{QùO"s_O\"X"u\"u{O" R\"{S": $ O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{:,
ù X"u, {@{"Qr^"O"o W"s"u ^""X",u ^""X"O\"z E" pu@W"Y"@wO_"s @puT"p{\"W"p\"_"tE"S"pP"X"o $ O"
\" W"s\"S"uOY"p{Q_"zV"puR"S"_"pP"Y"{X"{O" RY"uY"X"o $ O\"QrY"u W"\"O_"zV"[SR"SY"pv, W"s\"pv W"tO"u, X"RY"u
BWY"pz W"s\"pv {_e"Y"pX"o OY"X"Z: $ X"R"s@ZY"pu: {E"qZ\" {E"Y"Y"pu_O"pWY"pz {O" {S"QpS"p $
X"R"s@Z{S"W"pWY"pz S"ue"pWY"pz R"wO"pu BpsNppu X"pv\"r Y"[_X"S"o, O"O"o S"ue"X"R"s@Z\Y"pV"{X"OY"P": $ _"\Y"uS"
\"pX"uS", O"ZuNp Q{b"NpuS" E"uOY"P": $ \"pX"Q{b"NpY"pu: _"\Y"z OY"X"Z:$ Y"p _"\Y"p{b"NpuS"
O"{QO"ZuNp @ZuNp `_O"uS" Bpw`rO"z _\"r@wO"z, G"Bp{G"uO"sz {R"GY"O"p@ZNppY" \"pX"uS" `_O"uS" X"RY"Qupu
Bpw`rO"z {R"GY"z @wO\"p \"p V"{X"OY"P": $ T"@pu>u @tT"ZpQR": OY"X"Z: $ O" \" X"s>pv
sr_"zÒ"pv E" _P"BpY"{O", T"@pu>u GY"pX"RY"W"pBpz, X"s>pv R"S"sX"RY"z E"pEF>pQY"{O" _"{O",
{S"BptM>pSO"ZX"pEF>p{QO"pSO"ZpX"o $ e" `_O"u X"s>p O"s V"Y"p {S"^@{S">uS" X"s{>S"p {O"
T"Y"s"O"pu&X"Z_Y" X"s{>pVQ_Y"puW"Y"{O"p{W"X"O"u:, QZz T"qZX"p{O" X"s{>S"p {O" S"v^"R"T"Y"puBpp" S"p_Y" T"s{O"pY"pz {\"\"pQ: $ Z{O"T"O"u: X"QS"_Y" R"S"s: E"pT"z X"SY"u $ X"SX"P"R"S"s^"pu
X"R"s@ZX"pv\"r@O\"u^""X"O\"T"{_"u:, ^"QZpW"\"QrY"Do>X"RY"W"pBpu X"R"s@Z{S"@ppS"ue"S"pr@\"pX"`_O"_P"BpS"{O"Zpu{Ò"X"RY"W"pBpz X"SX"P"R"S"sZu\"u{O" O"@Y"pX"rOY"P": $ W"s\"pv X"QS"E"pT" \",
S"ue"u E" Z"sT"X"R"s@Zu, O"SX"RY"Y"pu: {O"ZpuR"pS"uS" {\"u^"T"{O"W"pS"z E", G"Bp{G"Y"puO"p{R"GY"O"p\"
SX"QS"_"\Y"`_O"rY"T"@pu>X"s{>WY"pX"pEF>pQS"X"u\" S"pSY"{QOY"{W"T"pY": $ e" {O\"v@O\"\"O"puW"tR"S"s^"pu: _"pr@ZNpz, _Y" _O"S"p{QO\"uS" {\"E"S"O\"pO"o, _" O"Ql"@sE"pu&W"\"O"o OY"p{Q
T"Y"puBpQpS"pO"o _"pR\"u\"u{O" X"SO"\Y"X"o $ e" Qu\"rW"\s "puX"SX"P"E"pT"O\"pRY"\"_"pY"p"@T"Y"puBppO"o
\"pEY"puOT"bu "p $ O"P"p E" Qu\Y"p G"Bp{T"ZNp_"p{E"\Y"Y"puS"ue "Y"pu: X"R"s@Z_"pY"pu{T"t\"O\"pu{{\"pu^"NpBpO"@p\Y"{X"RY"W"pBp_P"BpS"puOT"bu "pWY"pz _">rNpp W"s\"S"T"Q_P"uS" T"qZ@ZuNp _"zY"sGY"O"u $
O"P"p E" Qu\Y"p {S"ZSO"Zz G"Bp{T"ZNpT"V"O\"z \"_O"s R\"SY"O" OY"u\"@pZuNp \"_O"sR\"{S": $$
47 $$
Anv
EQ zu UP h ! A v
Gu HkQu, Au | u GvP
A G Ev uu. \US v. }UP E o.
W"\s "pv - [P
41
P\ }. Au E. E ]x AvP . Au |
EPzu zxPh Pu Ah. sk
C PsP Q zv |s. Gv , |n, Chx
Pzu x. A mia \zu |o |k UP
i. Csi CshP, |s |k PnhuuP
B. EP Hu |o A mh C PP
u {Pz u | USQ. (47)
pS"SQ{BpZrY"p
W"s\"p{\"{O" $ ù W"s\"S"W"Y"\Y"_"{S"{S", O\"QrY"u W"s\"pv @SQT"_Y" R"S"sX"SY"u $ W"s\"S"_Y"
Y"Y"z, O"_Y" W":, O"e" \Y"_"S"z Y"_Y"p: _"p O"P"p, O"_Y"p: _"zV"puR"S"X"o $ Qz {@{"QW"s"u {O"
{\"pu^"Npz _"pP"{Y"O"sX"o $ W"tW"_O"s {@{"O@pY"X"s{Y" @O"\Y": $ O"P"p E" W"s\"S"W"Y"W"pY"
W"\s "pv W"s"p{\"{O" $ S"ue"pWY"pz R"wO"BpsNpu, S"ue"pWY"pz _"XT"p{QO"pu BpsNp: T"OY""p Y"Y"pu_O"u $ {@zb"Npu
W"\s "pv {@{"@u $ O"p\"O"p W"\s "pv R"S"s:, S"ue"u X"pv\"r $ @pX"@puQNL>X"pv\"r O"s X"R"s@ZX"Y"r\" \"O"O"
OY"O" p` X"R"s@ZZ{E"WY"pz W"X"Z_"ppWY"pX"o $ O"{` R"S"s^": T"OY""pY"p" X"RY"W"pBp: @P"z
S" Y"O" OY"O" p` - _"\Y"uO"Z@ZBpw`rO"z _"O"o Z{O"T"{O"T"@pu>u X"s>pv E" _P"BpY"{O" $ _"\Y"pu
Q{b"Np_O"{QO"Zpu \"pX": @Z: $ R"S"sq` \"pX"@ZuNpv\" {R"Y"O"u $ O"uS" R"wO"z, X"s>pv R"S"sX"RY"W"pBpz
_P"BpY"{O", T"@pu>u GY"pY"p: X"RY"W"pBpz _P"BpY"{O" $ O" \" O"Y"puX"RY"W"pBppu V"{`S" Y"O"u $
R"S"s{^" \"pX"`_O"uS" BpwX"pNpu X"RY"W"pBppu X"s>p __P"{BpO"pu W"\"{O" $ T"OY""pY"p_O"s T"@pu>uS"
_P"{BpO"pu W"\"OY"u\" $ O" \" {S"BptM>pSO"Zz {S"BptM>X"SO"Zz X"RY"W"pBppu Y"_Y" O"O"o $
e"pT"l{O"Z>pZ: T"@w O"Y"puW"s\ "pu{S"^"uR"uS"pSY"_Y" @pX"R"S"s^": _"X"P"S"pO"o $ SY"pu ùO"sZ>pZ: OY"p` O"", ùO"sZ>pZ_O"s O"P"p W"t^"@pu S" W"\"O"r{O" pp_e"u S"pO": $ O"P"p E"
_"zX"O"z, ùO"sX"O"p _"` ùO"puZ{W"R"pS"z W"uQO"pu ùO"sqZ{O" $ pY"sC"wO"{X"OY"p{QT": _" @Qp{E"m^"NpO"pz S"p`{O", \"v{E"eY"pQO"pu S" {b"O": $ S"S"s O"{` {\"Z@X"{\"@pp:
_"@p{X"Q" @pu{@pS"SQ: $ ZXY"pu&Y"X"u{O" _"zT"{O" pu@puO@NK>p@Z: @p: OY"pQpv
@{O"pP" {O" E"u", e" @puX"pS"sT"p_"X"{`X"np @p\Y"{X"u\"p>pZpu S" O"s ùO"sqZ{O"
@p\Y"{_Y"v\" T"{O"T"pQS"pO"o $ O"b"Nppf"O"o @p\Y"{z Y"e" ùO"pu\"pY"pP"O"p T"QpP"O"p \"p $
T"P"X"puQp`ZNpz \"T"s:T"pQlW"p\"pQS"s{X"O"{X"Qz G"SX"{S" T"sZp T"sZpu S" T"pY": {E"Q{T" W"\"SO"z
T"NpO"\"pS"o $ S"X"SX"s: _"zT"OY"O"S"sZZ`X"Bpu&TY"S"{O"X"pS"o X"ùp b"SO"\Y"z O"{QQX"T"ZpR"Y"X"T"rOY"pQr{S" $ W"s\"pv W"s"u {@{"{Q{O" T"_Y" ZZ`_Y"pP": $ W"s\"pv "p, W"s"u `mmz E"
{@{"l\"S" A"u,z W"Y" F>,z W" b"z, \Y"_"{S"{S" _qrz, O\"QrY"z b"u,z S"ue"pWY"pz "p, R"S"s: p_e"z,
42
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 47
rz `mz E" A"uz F>zu _qrz b"uz `rz UJo> $ O\"qZO"p $ (X"Se"X"`puQR"pv O"pZ: T"Zp \"X" A"u E" F>u b": r
\"pX"@NpY"s@o $ BpBpS"z p{p_"zY"sz X"uW"BpY"sO"pu&{G"p $ UL>SO"pu pQppNppu&Y"z O\"qZO"pY"p
X"S"sX"O": $ puz rz `lz A"u E" F>u b": _e"rz `mz b"uz rz UJo> $ O\"qZO"p $$ 47 $$
BuQ
EQ zu USu mhP & x UPPU
Psh! AuPP E [P ]x x |zu. (UP
EP Eu.) Cx |. |n EQS
uP AUP US Bzu{ nzuka \.
Cx zuvzu PU TQx. \P \, z
2m (Ax 2P\ 2\: z m
G.)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
ù X"u : X"`pQu\"_O"_Y" X"p bX"r: O"O_"XV"s{: W"s\"S"W"Y"W"\Y"_"{S"{S", W"s\"S"_Y"
{e"W"s\"S"_Y" Y"Y"z O"_Y" W"pu S"pp:, O"e" \Y"_"S"z Y"_Y"p: O"O_"XV"s{:, `z O\"QrY"u W"s\"pv
Z{O"T"O"u: @pX"Qu\"_Y" R"S"sqZ{O" X"SY"u $ @P"z W"tO"z R"S"s:, T"@puu> X"{NpV"SR"u X"sp> v E" {S"BptMp> SO"Zz,
{S"BptMz> Bps"z SO"Zz X"RY"z Y"_Y" O"O"o, T"sS": _"\Y"uO"Z@ZBpw`rO"z _"\Y"pu \"pX" O"Zpu Q{b"Np:, O"pv E"
O"pv @Zpv E" O"pWY"pz Bpw`rO"z, @pu W"s\"pv, {@{"l"u ^"O"o @s{J>u $ T"sS":, S"ue"pWY"pz R"wO"pu
BpsNppu Y"Y"pu_O"u O"P"puu $ {@z{\"R"pWY"pz S"ue"pWY"pz, X"R"s@Z_Y" {E"qZ\" {E"Y"Y"pu_O"pWY"pz, W"X"Z
_"ppWY"p{X"OY"P": $$ 47 $$
uzw
"E' G ]. & ! ( UP P
Eu.) (47)
T"QpP"E"[S@p
e" @X"T"p"u W"s\"pv \"NpY"{O" W"\s "p{\"{O" $ ù W"s\"S"W"Y"W"\Y"_"{S"{S" W"s\"S"u _"\"{S"{X"f"z
W"Y"z O"_Y" W"u \Y"_"S"X"WY"p_":, O"{O"u Y"_Y"p: O"O_"XV"puR"S"z O"P"p $ e" V"`l\"r{`T"t\"@
S"oT"OY"Y"pu {S"OY"Y"p|Bpp{W"T"pY"uNp $ {@{"l"u @s{J>u O\"QrY"u W"s\"pv Qz G"BpOT"{_"{X"{O"
Z{O"T"O"uR"S"sX"SY"u O"@Y"p{X" $ X"R"s@Z{E"WY"pz W"X"Z@p[SO"WY"pz S"ue"pWY"pz R"wO"BpsNpu R"wO"GY"u $
W"s\"puR"S"tT"O"pz _"pR"{Y"O"sz R"S"s{\"{pS"{>, Z{O"T"O"u: @SQT"_Y" _"\Y"pO"o Q{b"Npp{QO"Zpu Y":
@Z_O"uS" Bpw`rO"z, Y"p @pZT"û "uNp _"\Y"uO"Zpu \"pX": $ T"@puu> X"{NpV"SR"u X"sp> v E" _P"BpY"{O"
W"\s "pv - [P
43
_"{O", {S"BptM>pSO"Zz _"z\"wO"X"RY"z, X"SY" {O" {D>SO"T"{O"T"@pu {S"T"pO"_O"@Y"pX"rOY"P": $

SO"ZX"\"@pppu&\"{R"T"qZR"pS"z W"uQO"pQPY"u $ {F>pOX"@z {\"S"p V"{`Z\"_"ZX"RY"pOX"_"pu^"s
{O" X"u{QS"r@Z: $$ 47 $$
uzu\vP
EPzv zu UP ! ( UP EP
Eu.)
{L>[NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
W"s\"p{\"{O" $ {@{"l"u ^"QZpp@pZu O\"QrY"u O\"O_"XV"[SR"SY"pv, X"R"s@Z{E"WY"pz
W"X"ZX"pp_"ppWY"pz S"ue"pWY"pz R"wO"BpsNpu _"XT"p{QO"X"pv\"r@u O"u W"\s "pv @X"W"tO"u O"u R"S"s: @SQT"@pX"s@ z
X"SY"u $ Y"{Q R"S"s: O"P"puOT"bu Y"O"u, X"RY"u W"\s "pupuE "S"Y"pu"pSO"Zp {\"EF>Qu : @sO" {O" E"uO"o O"e"puEY"O"u $
@SQT"_Y" R"S"sZp@^"Np\"upY"pz X"s{>S"p R"S"s:T"wX> "pEF>pO"u, T"@puSu> " O"s BpsNp: $ O" \" X"RY"u&SO"Zz
Y"O"u $ O"Qu\" T"{O"T"pQY"{O" $ _"\Y"uO"Z@ZBpw`rO"z _"\Y"z Q{b"Npz, O"{QO"Zz _"\Y"uO"Zz \"pX"@Z:
O"uS" Bpw`rO"z \"z T"@puu> X"sp> v E" _P"BpY"{O" _"{O" {S"BptMp> SO"ZX"pEF>p{QO"X"RY"z R"S"s: O"SX"SY"u {O"
T"@w O"u Y"puG"S"rY"X"o $ W"s\"S"W"Y"W"\Y"_"{S"S"rOY"S"uS" pVQuS" W"s\"S"_Y" G"BpO": W"Y"W"tO"pS"pz X"R"s@v J>W"
X"{`^"pQrS"pz W"u {S"Zp@ZNpu \Y"_"{S"O"Y"p O"pOT"Y"uN p QlBpp{Q\"u^"T"qZBp`z @wO\"p pu@puT"@pqZNpr
W"Bp\"O"r{O" R\"SY"O"u $ X"u OY"S"uS" pVQuS" X"`pQu\"_Y" X"`pbX"r{T"Npr W"pY"p {O" E" T"X"pV"s{
_"z{\"O_\"pO"SeY"{T"Npr E"u{O" W"Y"z T"@ppO"u $$ 47 $$
isi &
EQS zu x, Ph, u
Esh x AP u! xP u zvP EQS
Eu! ]x ~sn, B, ]z \Uv, \ u \Uv
i! (E) UP. (47)
BppuT"p_"sSQZr
W"s\"p{\"{O" ù W"s\"S"W"Y"\Y"_"{S"{S" G"BpY"W""S"pru $ X"u O\"QrY"W"s\"pv R"S"s:
_"\Y"uO"Z@ZBpw`rO"z \"pX"`_O"R"wO"z {S"BptM>pSO"Zz pEF>p{QO"X"RY"z Z{O"T"{O": @pX": T"@pu>u X"s>pv E"
_P"BpY"OY"pEF>pQY"{O" {O" X"SY"u $ @pu? {@{"l"u ^"@u X"R"s@Z{E"WY"pz W"X"ZO"sY"pWY"pz
S"ue"pWY"pz R"wO"pu BpsNppu X"pv\"r Y"e" O"u $ {\"^NpsT"b"u-W"s\"S"W"Y"W"_Y" {\"pu^"uNp _"{S"{S" b"uT"@u
W"s\"S"W"Y"pT"ù {O" T"@pu>{\"pu^"Npz \"p $ T"t\"\"{^NppuZu\" _"XV"puR"S"z \"p $ pu^"z _"X"pS"X"o $$
47 $$
44
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 48
Pu
UP . q zv & Cu UP. EQ zu
USv u q Chx & x PiP.
pS"SQ`Zr
W"s\"p{\"{O" $ ù W"s\"S"W"Y"W"\Y"_"{S"{S", W"s\"S"pS"pz W"Y"_Y" W"pu W""S"z QmZr@ZNpX"u\"
\Y"_"S"z \Y"pT"pZpu Y"_Y"p_O"ppr X"u O\"QrY"u W"s\"pv R"S"s:, O"\" W"tY"sBpT"R"S"sqZOY"P": $ T"@pu>u
X"{NpV"SR"T"t\"W"pBpu X"sp> v E" Z{O"T"{O": @pX": _P"BpY"{O" pEF>pQY"{O" OY"`z X"SY"u OT"bu "Y"p{X" $
O" \" {S"Bpt M > p SO"Zz S"s T "WY"X"pS"X"RY"z , T"s S ": @pz R"S"s : , X"R"s @ ZY"pu {E"qZ\"
{E"Y"Y"pu_O"pWY"pz S"ue"pWY"pz R"wO"pu BpsNppu Y"uS" O"f"P"p $ T"@w OY"p{W"T" {O"\"f"wO"rY"p $ _"\Y"uO"ZuNp
Q{b"Np{W""uS" @ZuNp Bpw`rO"z R"wO"z, W"s\"pv @pu {@{"l"u \"@u $ Y"z W"p\": W"tY"sBpz S"vO"O"o,
{@SO"s @pX"uS" \"pX"`_O"R"wO"z R"S"sqZQX"o $ O"" S"ue"Y"sBpz, {@SO"s X"R"s@ZX"Y"r X"pv\"r $ X"s{>R"wO"O\"pO"o
R"S"sX"RY"z S"puT"WY"O"u O"P"p T"@pu>pEF>p{QO"O\"pSX"pv\"rX"RY"X"T"r{O" $ X"u OY"e" X"u {O" T"pK>u
_"XV"puR"S"X"o $$ 47 $$
Bu
UP uuu. C [P. P Chx P Hv
. C PsP. P |s. (47)
`: _"tO"u _"\Y"z O"\" S"Y"S"z @pOX"@O"Y"p

{e"Y"pX"pz \"pX"z O"u _"wG"{O" ZG"S"rS"pY"@O"Y"p1 $
O"wO"rY"p O"u2 {>QZQ{O"ùX"pXV"ssG"{E":
_"X"pR"f"u _"SRY"pz {Q\"_"{S"pY"pu: SO"ZE"ZrX"o $$ 48 $$
A: u u || APzPu
z u v }|Pu1>
zw u 2 zi uuu ]:
uzu z v{\: Au\>> 48
1. ZG"S"rS"pY"@X"Y"X"o }|P,
2. {>_O"u ziu.
S"Y"S"p{S" - PsP
45
u : u || = Ex x Ps; APzPu =
P Cu; A: u = P kzxQx. u =
Ex Chx Ps, } |Pu = C |P \vP Cu,
z = [P Psh C; v = kzxQx;
uuu ]: = ]x u u[Pzu J Psh; u
zw zi: = E x Ps; v {\: Au\ = PUS,
CS Ch Ch Q; z = v u; uzu &
Dk \Qx.
z||, z, z\|, U \|, z||,
zP, Uz\ | \| G u |[P
{PzuUP.
bX"rR"Zp
`: {Q\"_"z _"tO"u G"S"Y"{O" $ _"\Y"z Q{b"Npz, O"\" S"Y"S"z S"ue"z, @pOX"@O"Y"p _"tY"pOX"@O"Y"p,
{e"Y"pX"pz Zpqe"z, \"pX"z _"\Y"uO"Zz, O"u O"\", _"wG"{O" _"tO"u, ZG"S"rS"pY"@O"Y"p E"SpOX"@O"Y"p $
O"wO"rY"p {S"{J>[_P"O"p, O"u O"\", {>: QZQ{O"ùX"pXV"sG"{E": QZQ{O"X"r^"{@{_"O"z
ùX"pXV"sG"z ZpXV"sG"z O"_Y"u\" {E"Y"_Y"p__"p, _"X"pR"f"u _"XY"BppR"f"u @Zpu{O", {Q\"_"{S"pY"pu:
`puZpe"Y"pu: SO"ZE"Zrz X"RY"\"{O"S"rz, _"SRY"pz _"pY"zT"pO"ZpOX"@_"SRY"p@p{O"Y"_Y"
{"`pue"_"pRY"O\"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p ù W"Bp\"{O" ! O"\" _"\Y"z S"Y"S"z
@pOX"@O"Y"p `__"tO"u $ O"u \"pX"z S"Y"S"z ZG"S"rS"pY"@O"Y"p (X"Y"z _"O"o) {e"Y"pX"pz _"wG"{O" $ O"u
O"wO"rY"p {>: QZQ{O"ùX"pXV"sG"{E": {Q\"_"{S"pY"pu: SO"ZE"Zrz _"SRY"pz _"X"pR"f"u $ e"
_"tY"E"SpY"pOX"@S"Y"S"e"Y"uNp W"Bp\"OY"p: \"Y"\"{\"pu^"uNp (T"uNp) {Q\"_"{S"pp_"SRY"pOX"@@pe"Y"puT"{b"O"T"b"X"p_"O"sY"sBp@T"p{Q@ppuOT"{f"@P"S"pO"o W"Bp\"OY"p: @pp\"EF>uO\"z QmZO"
\"pT"p_O"{X"{O" R\"SY"O"u $ QX"sf"X"z @p\Y"X"o $ X"RY"X"@p\Y"O"pT"O"r{O"Z{T", @pOX"@O"Y"p
ZG"S"rS"pY"@X"Y"z {O" \"pEY"X"pS"O\"pO"o $ QZQ{O"ùX"pXV"sG"{E"qZOY"S"uS" {"S"ue"O\"z
R\"SY"O"u $ Y"X"S"sT"pNpS"pOX"@: X"RY"X"puf"X"@p\Y"T"Y"puG"@R\"SY"pu: _"z_"w{>: $ _"z_"wGY"X"pS"z
\Y"Y"z T"R"pS"R\"{S"S"p p{W"p\"uS" _">rY"O" {O" {Q@o $$ 48 $$
u &
u! E x Ps ( Gx Chu u Sk.)
Q P kzxQx. E Chx Ps C |P
\vQ C kzxQx. | x Ps ]x u
u[Pzu JuP PUS CUS Ch E
46
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 48
vP[P hUQx. C v P[P AUz

u AU kQ A? , \v, AU
G PsP, u A. P C vP G
P P , , x, P, P u
PP A kzxu P CUSU Pmkmhx.
PzvS C Pmkmh. (48)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
`: _"tO"u _"\Y"{X"OY"p{Q{W"Zu@pQppu@vS"ue"u _O"pv{O" - `qZ{O" $ ù Qu{\" ! O"\" _"\Y"z
Q{b"Npz S"Y"S"z `: _"tO"u {QS"z _"wG"{O" @pOX"@O"Y"p $ O"\" S"Y"S"X"u\" _"tY"T"uNp {Q\"_"X"_"wG"{QOY"P": $ {e"Y"pX"pz Zp{e"z \"pX"z O"u ZG"S"rS"pY"@X"Y"z E"SX"Y"z E"SpOX"@O"Y"uOY"P": $ O"u O"wO"rY"p
{>: W"pBpO"p {>: QZQ{O"ùX"pXV"sG"{E": ^"{@E"_\"Np@X"@p[SO": {Q\"_"{S"pY"puZSO"ZE"Zrz _"SRY"pz _"X"pR"f"u \"{T"O"Y"p {O" W"Bp\"OY"p: S"ue"{e"O"Y"_Y" _"tY"uSQl\"{T"O"p _\"W"p\"pu{: $ O"uS" {p\"uS" _"` W"uQpu R\"SY"O"u $$ 48 $$
Uzu &
u PsP & \v & AUP. ]US
CP PsP. G u ]hx hu.
uu. (48)
NppX"pu{QS"r
P" {\"_O"ZuNp S"ue"p{Np {\"\"Np{Y"^"s{\"ZpLoT"pY"p Qu\Y"p: _"tY"E"Sp"rS"pz S"ue"O\"pO"o {e"puE"S"pz
OY"p{QRY"pS"T"Y"puBpp"pQpv S"ue"e"Y"R"pZNpT"Y"puG"S"@P"S"pZp `ZpQrS"pz W"Bp\"O"r{>@[T"O"O\"X"p` `qZ{O" $ ù Qu{\" _"\Y"z Q{b"Npz, O"\" W"\"OY"p:, S"Y"S"z S"ue"z, @pOX"@O"Y"p
_"tY"T"O\"uS", `: {Q\"_"z, _"tO"u OT"pQY"{O" $ _"tY"T"uNp {Q\"_"z {\"R"pY" _"\"pu@_"pvAY"{\"R"pS"T"t\"@z T"p_"S"p{Q@X"_"s pu@pST"\"O"Y"O"rOY"P": $ O"P"p ZG"S"rS"pY"@X"Y"z E"ST"z,
\"pX"z _"\Y"uO"Zz S"Y"S"z, {e"Y"pX"pz Zpqe"z, _"wG"{O" {S"X"p{O" $ O"{"X"pY" O"Ql{E"O"@X"T"uZNpY"p
pu@pS_"sA"Y"O"rOY"P": $ O"P"p QZQ{O"ùX"pXV"sG"{E": ^"{@{_"O"_"pv\"Np@X"@p[SO":
{"T" OY"P": $ O"wO"rY"p {e"_"zAY"pT"tZ@p e"u: _"zT"_"pZNpz E" {O" O"rY"T"OY"Y": $ O"u W"\"OY"p
{>: {Q\"_"{S"pY"pu: `puZpe"Y"pu: SO"Zu SO"Zpu _"pY"zT"pO"ZpOX"S"p E"ZO"r{O" O"pz _"SRY"pz
{T"O"wT"_"t,z _"SRY"p {T"O"wT"_"tS"pu: OY"X"Z: $ _"X"pR"f"u {\"QR"p{O"$ O"{R"pY" {"`pue"p{Q@X"_"s
T"\"O"Y"O"rOY"P": $ e" W"Bp\"OY"p pBpX"T"{_"_"tY"E"Sp{"T"S"ue"{e"O"Y"R"pZNpT"Y"p
S"Y"S"p{S" - PsP
47
_\"W"p\"puOY"p {Q\"_"{S"ppsT"{b"O"X"p_"O\"p{Q@p_"w{>@pZNpO"p@P"S"pO"o @ppS"\"EF>

u O\"{p\"p{W""O\"Y"pu\"_O"sS"pu: T"O"rO"uZ>pZuNp \"_O"sR\"{S": $$ 48 $$
Anv
u m i. PsP G m & \v
& AUPU PsPPU Psk, P, C, vP G
PSmh AUQ. Q P EshUQ EQS
Cux k u \P P DkkzxQ. C
hzx AuS \P P DkkzxQ. AUQ, P
G C |[Pz ux AU z u \h[SP DkkzxQ.
Au Pzuz uUS Emkzxxh PzvSz u Emh
]hx u hvuU PmkQ. (48)
pS"SQ{BpZrY"p
`: _"tO" {O" $ ù X"pO":, O"\" _"\Y"z Q{b"Npz S"Y"S"z `: {Q\"_"z _"tO"u G"S"Y"{O" $ O"e"
ùO"s: @pOX"@O"Y"p $ O"P"p E" O"\" Q{b"Npz S"Y"S"z _"tY"pOX"@z, O" OT""X"`: $ \"pX"z S"Y"S"z
{e"Y"pX"pz Zpqe"z _"wG"{O" G"S"Y"{O" $ X"sz ZG"S"rS"pY"@X"{T" _"wG"O"r{O" $ O"uS" E"SpOX"@z \"pX"z
S"Y"S"X"o $ {E"G"S"rS"pY"@O"Y"u{O" T"pK>: $ O"wO"rY"p E" pJ>_P"p O"\" {>S"Y"S"z
O"Y"puZSO"Z_P"pz _"SRY"pz _"wG"{O" $ O"wO"rY"puE"S"_Y"p{T" puE"S"Y"puX"RY"[_P"O"O\"pO"o @pZNppS"sT"z @pY"X"o $ {@z{\"R"p, ^"{@{_"O"@S"@@X"@p[SO": $ O"p\"O"p BSY"p[OX"@u{O" $
_"puX"_"tY"p{"S"Y"S"p, O"_O\"X"u\" _"puX"_"tY"p{"T"p{_" $ Y"p _"puX"_"tY"p{"T"puE"S"e"Y"z
QR"pS"p O\"z drX"`pQu\"pQ{W""u{O" $ `: _"tO" {O" T"_Y" Z`_Y"pP": - ` {O" $ `: `:
_"tO"u _":, _"\Y"z @: S"Y"S"z @ \"{: pOX"@O"Y"p :, {e"Y"pX"pz `_"@ \"pX"z _"wG"{O" , O"u
ZuU:, ZG"S"r p, S"pY"@ `, Q{O" , XV"s @, Q ZuU, O"u X"pO"w@p, Y"p O"wO"rY"p O"wO"rY"p
{: L>pX"Zr L>pX"Z
e"Y"z @tJ>e"Y"z SO"Z E"Zr _"pS"s_\"pZ@tJ>e"Y"z ò _"o @o o Zo L>zv ò _"o @o o Zo L>rz ò _"o @o o Zo
L>p:v {S"OY"p{S"OY"p $$ 48
BuQ
(UP EP Eu.) \v AU,
} hzxU PsPPU Psk P C P & G P
Azu.
}
J
sh[P.
UPsoQ
uhx huTh. Cu v i {z
48
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 49
G {z uhx & U h. U j , Uh: G

(48)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
`qZ{O" - ù X"pO":, O"\" Q{b"Npz S"Y"S"z @pOX"@O"Y"p W"p_@Z_\"T"uNp `pu {Q\"_"z
_"tO"u $ O"\" \"pX"z S"Y"S"z {e"Y"pX"pz, e"Y"pu Y"pX"p Y"_Y"p_O"pz, O"P"pupz Zpqe"zz _"wG"{O" T"_"pv{O" $ O"P"p
O"u O"\" O"wO"rY"p {>: _"SRY"pz _"X"pR"f"u @Zpu{O" $ @P"zW"tO"z \"pX"z S"Y"S"z, ZG"S"rS"pY"@X"Y"z ZG"SY"p
S"pY"@"S: O"O_\"T"z, {@z{\"R"p O"wO"rY"p {>:, QZQ{O"ùX"pXV"sG"{E":, QZX"r^"{O"z
{\"@{_"O"z Y"uX"pXV"sG"z O"l{E"Y"_Y"p: _"p O"pz O"P"pupX"o $$ 48 $$
uzw
( UP P Eu.) (48)
T"QpP"E"[S@p
R"sS"p `puZpe"T"\"O"@O\"uS" G"BpQlT"@pZ@O"Y"p S"ue"e"Y"z \"NpY"{O" - `qZ{O" $ ù W"\"p{S",
O"\" _"\Y"z Q{b"Npz S"Y"S"z `: _"tO"u G"S"Y"{O" $ Y"p @pZT"u^"uNpp_"\Y"z Qqb"Npz O"e" ùO"s:
@pOX"@O"Y"p _"tY"T"O"Y"p $ \"pX"z E"ST"z S"Y"S"z {e"Y"pX"pz Zp{e"z _"wG"{O" $ O"e" ùO"s:
ZG"S"rS"pY"@O"Y"p, E"ST"O\"uS"uOY"P": $ O"wO"rY"p O"u {>: _"SRY"pz _"X"pR"f"u _"wG"O"rOY"P": $
QZX"r^"O"o Q{O"z E" O"uX"pXV"sG"z E" O"_Y" {E"Y"_Y"u{O" O"wO"rY"p{"{>{\"pu^"NpX"o $ SO"Zu
X"RY"u E"ZO"rOY"SO"ZE"Zr O"pX"o $ E"Zu> {O" J>T"OY"Y":,O"O"{>Lo>M>pNp{I"{O" D>rT"o $ _"\Y"z
Q{b"Np\"pX"Y"puqZ{O" @puppO"o $$ 48 $$
uzu\vP &
(u A G . EP Eu.) (48)
{L>[NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù T"ZX"u"qZ $ Qb"z Q{b"Npz O"\" S"Y"S"z @pOX"@O"Y"p W"p_@Z_\"T"O\"uS", `: {Q\"z
_"tO"u G"S"Y"{O" $ \"pX"z O"u S"Y"S"z ZG"S"rS"pY"@X"Y"z E"SX"Y"z, qe"Y"pX"pz Zp{e"z _"wG"OY"sOT"pQY"{O" $
{E"O"z O"Y"puOT"pQS"z, _"SRY"p O"s @uS" {S"{X"O"uOY"pp>p` QZQ{O"ùX"pXV"sG"{E":
^"{@{_"O"@X"ppuW"p O"wO"rY"p pJ>T"Qu p\"{O"S"r O"u O"\" {>: {Q\"_"{S"pY"pu:
`puZpe"Y"puZSO"ZE"Zrz X"RY"_"zE"pqZNprz, E"Zu:> {O" J>: $ {J>LM>o p> NpI"o OY"p{QS"p D>rT"o $
_"SRY"pz _"SRY"p@p{\"puû "z _"X"pR"f"u _"XT"pQY"{O" $ _"SRY"pY"p: T"pJ>\"NppY"p: _\"W"p\"-
{>: -
49
T"pJ>pO"o O"\" pJ>puE"S"pQlOT"f"u: @pZNppS"s{\"R"p{Y" @pY"X"s{E"O"{X"{O" W"p\": $$ 48 $$

isi &
vPzv { v \{. u |UPso
{ Ax. Pnzu JmiUP Axx. ( UP
EP Eu.) (48)
BppuT"p_"sSQZr
`: _"tO"u {O" O"\" Qb"z S"Y"S"X"@pOX"@O"Y"p _"tY"pOX"@O\"puO"pu: `: {QS"z _"tO"u
_"wG"{O" $ \"pX"z S"Y"S"z ZG"S"rS"pY"@O"Y"p E"SO\"puO"pu: {e"Y"pX"pz Zp{e"z _"wG"{O" $ O"u O"\"
O"wO"rY"p {>: W"pBpO"p QZQ{O"ùX"pXV"sG"{E": ^"{@E"@S"@@X"@p[SO": {Q\"_"{S"pY"pu: {QS"ZpeY"puZSO"ZE"Zrz X"RY"\"{O"S"rz _"SRY"pz _"X"pR"f"u G"S"Y"O"rOY"P": $ {\"^NpsT"b"u&TY"u\"z, O"e" O"wO"rY"S"ue"\"NpS"z S"w{_"z`X"tOY"{W"T"pY"uNp $$ 48 $$
Pu
(UP EP Eu.) q zv { zvUS
PsP Esk. (48)
pS"SQ`ZrJ>r@p
`qZ{O" $ O"\" _"\Y"z S"Y"S"z Q{b"Npz S"ue"z, @pOX"@O"Y"p _"tY"T"O"Y"p `pu {QS"z _"tO"u
_"wG"{O" $ O"u O"\" \"pX"z S"Y"S"z {e"Y"pX"pz Zpqe"z _"wG"{O", Y"O"pu ZG"S"rS"pY"@X"Y"z E"ST"X"o $
QZQ{O"X"r^"{@{_"O"z
Y"uX"pXV"sG"z _\"NpT"z O"_Y" {E"qZ\" {E": ppuW"p
Y"_Y"p_O"P"p{\"R"p O"u O"\" O"wO"rY"p {>: W"pS"ue"z {Q\"_"{S"pY"puX"RY"Bppz _"SRY"pz _"X"pR"f"u
G"S"Y"{O" $ _"\Y"z Q{b"Np\"pX"Y"puqZOY"X"Z: $$ 48 $$
Bu
(UP EP Eu.)
*
{\"ppp @Y"pNpr, _UsJ>{E": Y"puRY"p @s\"Y"v:

@wT"pR"pZpR"pZp1 {@X"{T" X"R"sZp W"puBp\"{O"@p2 $
\"SO"r {>_O"u V"`lS"BpZ {\"_O"pZ{\"G"Y"p3
R"s\"z O"f""pX"\Y"\"`ZNpY"puBY"p {\"G"Y"O"u $$ 49 $$
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 49
50
\ Pp h]: Az S:
Uu 1 u Q x PvP 2 >
Aw ziu |P u
z uzu| n U u 3 >> 49 >>
1. T"pZp\"pZp ,
2. W"puBp{O"@p PvP,
3. {\"G"Y"O"pO"o uz.
u : u zi: & Ex ; \ = \P & uh

hP, (\ |PP); Pp = [Pzu USuP,
[PuP (Pp |PP); S: = S P (
_ [P); Az = mk iuuP (Az
|PP); Uuu = Pn S BuP (u |PP);
Q x = UP Cu CuP (x|PP); PvP = C
A[P PshuP, (Pw |PP); Aw = PuP,
(Aw G E |PP); |P u = Pn[P
(|P[P) mhuP(P); uzuz| nU =
Auu P Shz uSvuP; u = h
x[SQx; zz = Cx Es.
\, Pp, xu, {u, {, uzv:
{x {zuPa\, Q, P, G u
|[P {PzuUP.
bX"rR"Zp
{\"ppp {\"T"sp, @Y"pNpr X"p[OX"@p,_UsJ>{E": T"_UsJ>{E": T"_UsJ>@p[SO":,
Y"puRY"p Y"puXl "pY"p, @s\"Y"v: SQr\"Zv:,@wT"pR"pZp&&R"pZp @wT"pR"pZpNppz @NppT"\"p`pNppz pR"pZW"tO"p $ pR"pZpVQ_Y" @X"{Np C"I"SO"O\"pO"o {\"pu^Y"{S"CS"O\"uS"
T"@O\"X"o $ {@X"{T" X"R"sZp \Y"X"R"sZp, pW"puBp\"{O"@p pW"puBp: SO":T"qZNpp`:
QvCY"{X"{O" Y"p\"O"o $ {@X"{T" X"R"sZp \Y"X"R"sZp, pW"puBp\"{O"@p pW"puBp: SO":T"qZNpp`:
QvCY"{X"{O" Y"p\"O"o $ \"SO"r Zb"@p,{>: O"u S"Y"S"z, V"`lS"BpZ{\"_O"pZ {\"G"Y"p V"`mS"pz
S"BpZpNppz {\"_O"pZuNp _"pX"_OY"uS" {\"G"Y"p _UsZSO"r, R"\s "z {S""Y": $ O"f""pX"\Y"\"`ZNpY"puBY"p
O"p{S" O"p{S" E" S"pX"p{S" O"f""pX"p{S" {\"ppp-@Y"pNpr-Y"puRY"p-R"pZp-X"R"sZpW"puBp\"O"r-\"SO"r-{\"G"Y"p-OY"> S"BpZS"pX"p{S", O"v: Y"\"`ZNpz \Y"\"`pZp: O"e" Y"puBY"p,
{\"G"Y"O"u _"\"puO @^"uN p \"O"O"u $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù W"Bp\"{O"! O"u {>: {\"ppp @Y"pNpr
_UsJ>{E": @s\"Y"v: Y"puRY"p @wT"pR"pZp&&R"pZp {@X"{T" X"R"sZp pW"puBp\"{O"@p \"SO"r
V"`lS"BpZ{\"_O"pZ{\"G"Y"p O"f""pX"\Y"\"`ZNpY"puBY"p R"\s "z {\"G"Y"O"u $ e"uQX"S"s_"SR"uY"X"o
{>: -
51
{\"pppT"W"wO"Y"pu {\"G"Y"pSO"p: > S"BpY": > >Y""$ {\"ppp S"pX" {>:

SO"{\"@p_"T"p $ @Y"pNpr{>{\"[_X"O"p $ Y"puRY"p{>: _X"uZ@S"r{S"@p $ R"pZp{>:
_"p $ X"R"sZp{>: ({\"{_"O") \"{O"p $ W"puBp\"O"r{>: {BR"p$ \"SO"r{>: X"sBR"p $
{\"G"Y"p{>: T"pSO"@S"r{S"@p p@u@ZpAY"p {>:$ O"p > Y": _"\"Y"pu{^"O_"X"pS"p: $
W"Bp\"OY"pz O"s {\"pu^": O"p: >Y": Y"P"p@X"z _"zb"puW"p@^"Npp\"NppuSX"pQ\"Y"pu"pJ>S"{\"u^"NpX"pZNp{@Y"p_"s _"z{W""p: O"Qlz W"\"{O" W"Bp\"O"r Y"e" T"Qu pu [_P"O\"p
SO"{\"@p_"Y"sY"p {\"pppAY"Y"p >p G"S"_"zb"puW"X"@ZpuO"o _" Quppu {\"pppS"BpZr $ Y"e"
T"Qu pu [_P"O\"p _"p p@u@ZY"p >p {\"G"Y"pAY"Y"p pe"sX"pZNpX"@ZpuO"o _" Quppu {\"G"Y"pS"BpZr $ \"z X"RY"\"{O"S"rS"pz ^"NNppz T"sZpz S"pX"R"uY"pSY"tp{S" $ Y"P"puz W"Bp\"OT"pQv:,
{\"pppp: W"Bp\"OY"p: {>{\"pu^"p: _"zb"puW"p{Q @X"_"pR"S"W"tO"p: SO"{\"@p_"p{QT"p"u{O" _"\"X"S"\"{X"{O" $ O"Qu\" _T">r@wO"z O"pAY"p@pZv: $ O"O"o O"O" \" \"R"pY"X"o
$$ 49 $$
u
E \x. [Px, Amh J Pshx,
P Cux. Pnzv Bu, UP Cu &
hu Cx, }shx, Px, CzuP
|P[P Pshx. Au A|P[P \,
Pp, Az, u, x, Pw, Aw, G
zxUPsk. \ u J ]
kzx. \ & Ezv u , Pp &
USx, Az & Pstzv ]U Pmkx, u &
Ai \x, x & E[Qx, Pw & |m
(|) Ex. Aw & u Pmkx, & P Kzv
x. C uh Pnk. n (SUPUSx)
BPn (Dx) zn. (CUSx) Eu (zxiUPa
\x) Ea\h (H) zn. (|m zu) n (P) G
A\a \. u Ezu a \u |P \. K
Gv Azu Ch . C u Auu |P u
U Pmi. Au B[P[S uPhx
C A. (49)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
{\"ppu{O" $ {\"ppp {\"ppBpsNpY"sp, @Y"pNpr _"\"Qp @Y"pNppS"sX"pu{QS"r,
_UsJ>{E": _"Qp {\"@E"_\"Zp, Y"puRY"p @s\"Y"v:, SQr\"Zv: Y"puXl "pY"p $ O"\" >p _"`
52
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 49
Y"puXl "pBpO"p{S" T"Zp{G"O"p{S" "Y"p Zpe"p\"u\" SX"r{O"X"sA"p{S" G"pY"SO"u, S" {Q\"u{O"

W"p\": $ Y"X"u\"pP": _O"s{O"@pX"R"uS"pv Q{pO"pu&_X"p{W": T"@pZpSO"ZuNp - S"ue"pQ\"pTY" _"s^"X"pz
X"sA"X"XV"sG"z O"u QpO"sz {p\"u T"sS"Zp{ O"Qu@_"pZX"o $ pXVY" T"pP"{_" _"_"te"X"wNppQNL>z S"tS"z
O"T": T"ZX"`z_"Y"sO"z O"S"pu{O" {O" $ @wT"pR"pZpR"pZp, S"\"ZO"QY"pT"ZXT"ZpT"qZT"tNpp|, {@X"{T"
X"R"sZp \"pDoX> "S"_"BppuE"Zp X"S"pu`ZBpsNpp, W"puBp\"{O"@p {p\"{\"^"Y"@T"ZX"T"Xu "pppu@@pvO"s@p, \"SO"r W"G"S"p{S"{O" V"`lS"BpZ{\"_O"pZ {\"G"Y"p{\"pppS"BpZr @Y"pNpr
@Y"pNpS"pX"T"f"S"z Y"puRY"p, R"pZp X"R"sZp W"puBp\"O"r, \"SO"r {O" S"BpZpNppz {\"_O"pZz
{\"G"Y"O" {O" V"`lS"BpZ{\"_O"pZ{\"G"Y"p _"O"r O"f""pX"\Y"\"`ZNpY"puBY"p {\"G"Y"O"u,
_"\"puO @^"uN p \"O"O"u $ {\"pppz {G"O\"p {\"pppS"pX"\Y"\"`pZY"puBY"p {O" $ @Y"pNpp{QS"BpZp{Np {G"O\"p O"u^"pz Y"p{S" Y"p{S" S"pX"p{S" O"v_O"vS"pX"{W"\Y"\"{Y"X"pNpp {\"G"Y"O"u $ Y"u Y"u
BpsNpp: T"t\"pu
p_O"u O"u {\"ppp{QS"BpZu^"s S" _"SO"r{O" W"p\": $ {@z E" {\"pppQr{S" S"BpZp{Np
@s\"Y"v: G"XV"trT"p{Q-_""W"tE"@v : Y"puRY"p{S" p@pSO"p{S" {S"Bpw`rO"p{S"$ O"\" {>_O"s
@s\"Y"vZY"puRY"p S"p@pSO"p $ G"BpOT"@pp_"tY"uS Ql\"{T"u _"O"r{O" R\"{S": $ @s\"Y"vqZ{O"
pVQEF>Su " SQr\"Zp{Np W"t\"Y"p" BpwSO"u $$ 49 $$
Uzu
S[P _ A BQ A\, mk
Cu Az. S & S. A P UP
Cx ux. C mk kQx. Pw & ]U Szu
Su h . \ G |P
\P Q. u H x[P
ù shzu x. ( u.)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
S"Y"S"Y"pu\"rb"p{\""u^"z _"E"X"O@pZz \"N"Y"{O" - {\""pu{O"$ ù Qu{\" ! {\""pp {\"_O"wO"p
{S"OY"{\"@{_"O"uOY"P": $ @Y"pN"r _"tY"p{QZp{ÒY"uS" {S"OY"T"_""p, W"G"O"pz b"uX"@pqZN"r E" $
_UsJ>{E": {O"{\"_T">@p{SO":, O" \" @s\"Y"v: S"ue"puT"X"pS"O\"uS" B"{\"O"v: SQr\"Zv:
@s{O_"O"p{S" \"Y"{X"\"u{O" \Y"sOT"fY"p {S"B"sN "vqZ{O" W"p\": $ Y"puRY"p Y"puXl ""Y"p OY"sO@J>B"sN"Y"sO"O\"p{Q{O" W"p\":$ @wT"pY"p: @N"pZ_"_Y"pR"pZp pR"pZW"tO"p R"pZp {>_"SO"{O"Y"_Y"p: _"p $ {@X"{T" {S"\"E"S"rY"z, X"R"sZp p $ W"puB": _"sA"pS"sW"p\": _"pu&_Y"p _O"r{O"
W"puB"\"O"r _"v\" W"puB"\"{O"@p $ @pX"u"Z{\"^"Y"ùp{\"p_"\"O"rOY"P": $ Y"f"tO"z,
pW"puB"\"O"r{O" T"QEFuQ> z @wO\"p pW"puB"\"O"r QvCY"\"O"r{O",O"{"SOY"X"o $ QvCY"@P"S"-
{>: -
53
puW"uS"p@pZT"û "u \"bY"X"pN"W"puB"\"O"r{O" T"sZS"pX"p{S"^T"f"u: $ S"pe"pW"puB"\"O"r{O" \Y"\"OY"

W"puB"\"O"r{O" \"O"sz Y"sO"{X"{O" $ \"SO"r W"O"G"S"Zb"N"z @s\"pN"p, O"u W"\"OY"p: {>:, V"`mS"pz
S"B"ZpN"pz {\""ppQrS"pz T"sZpN"pz, S"B"p: _"SOY"{_X"{"{O" \Y"sOT"fY"p S"B"X"pe"_"p\":, S" O"s
\"vT"sY"p{QB"sN"Y"puB" {O" R\"{S": $ {\"_O"pZz T"b"N"O"Y"p \"vT"sY"p{Q@z {\"G"Y"O" {O"
{\""pp{Q_""T"sZ\"vT"sY"pQ{R"@\"vT"sY"_"O\"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ T""XY"SO"T"pKu> {\"_O"pZW"@ZN"p{QOY"P": $ O"p{S" O"p{S" E" O"f"p{S" S"pX"p{S" E" O"f""pX"p{S" $ O"u^"pz O"u^"pz
{\""pp{QT"sZpN"pz S"pX"pS"r{O" \"p O"v\Y"\"`ZN"_Y" Y"puBY"p, {\""pp, @Y"pN"r, Y"puRY"p,
R"pZp, X"R"sZp, W"puB"\"O"r, \"SO"r {O" T"sZS"pX"{W"\Y"\"`pZp`p _"O"r {\"G"Y"O"u _"\"puO @^"uN "
\"O"O"u $ {\"T"ZpWY"pz G"u: OY"pOX"S"uT"QX"o$ \"vT"sY"p{QB"sN"Y"sO"p W"\"Qo{>ZS\"P"p{W"R"pS"p{S"
_""S"B"Zp{N" {G"O\"p O"f""pX"{W"\Y"\"{Y"O"u $ Y"P"p&{O"T"V": T"W"s: "e"tS"o {G"O\"p
O"OT"QX"pT"": O""pX"np \Y"\"{Y"O"u O"{Q{O" W"p\": $ W"{\" W"\"{pu@{\""u^"T"_"pZ \"
{\""pp{QS"B"Y" {O" R\"{S": $ R"\s "{X"OY"sOT"bu "pY"pX"o$ T"qZ@ZpuOT"bu "Y"pu: _"Z:$$ 49 $$
An v
(UP uu.) \ & Gx x u
. Pp & A u Pmh Sn[P uxx.
UP |Sn[P Psku Az. Pw & Pah
][P A u. UP
Auu |P u zu x Au |PUSz u
x u u Sna]PU Psh ChzvS Au
Sna] UPa \ P zxx. (49)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
{\""pu{O" $ ù X"pO"_O"\" {>: O"_X"pO@pZN"pO"o O"f""B"ZS"pX"\Y"\"`ZN"Y"puBY"p
{\"G"Y"O"u $ O"p{S" O"p{S" Y"p{S" S"B"ZS"pX"p{S", O"u^"pz Y"Qo \Y"\"`ZN"z \Y"\"`pZ: O""pX"pu"pZN"T"z
O"puBY"p O"f""pX"pu"pY"p {\"G"Y"O"u _"\"puO @^"uN " \"O"O"u $ O"P"p E" O"f""pX" OY"P": $
O"f"Qo\Y"`pZY"puBY"O\"z @_X"p{QOY"O" p` V"`lS"B"Z{\"_O"pZ{\"G"Y"pO"o V"`mS"pz {\""ppQrS"pz
S"B"ZpN"pz Y"pu {\"_O"pZ:, O"{G"Y"pO"o $ Y"pu Y"pu Y"{G"Y"r _" O"f""pX"\Y"\"`ZN"rY"pu W"\"{O" $
Y"P"p X"sZpqZ: _X"ZpqZqZOY"p{Q $ "VQEF>Su "vO"O"o $ {@zb"N"p {>:? {\""pp
@N"puT "pSO"T"Y"\"_"p{Y"S"r {\""ppS"B"Zr E" $ T"sS": {@z{\"R"p @Y"pNpr @Y"pN"{T"N"r
BpSR"\"S"B"Zr E" $ _UsJ>p {E": @{O"Y"_Y"p: _"p T"@J>@p{SO": @p{SO"S"B"Zr \"p $
T"sS":{@z{\"R"p, @s\"Y"vZY"puRY"p, @s\"Y"v: @X"vS"r:v E"S\"z"v: @vZ\"v\"p Y"puXl ""Y"p$
54
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 49
_T"R"pX"pR"pY" Y"puXl "sT"pB"O"p{S" S" "@ns \"SO"r{O" T"ZpG"Y"z T"pT"n\s "{SO"; Y"puRY"p drZpX"S"B"Zr $
T"sS"ZT"pZp @wT"pR"pZp @wT"pY"p: T"ZXT"Zp R"pZp W"puG"ZpG"S"B"Zr $ {@X"{T" X"R"sZp {S"\"E"S"rY"p
X"wO"X"Y"r X"R"sZp X"R"sZpAY"p X"R"sS"B"Zr $ X"P"sZp X"R"sZp @w^N"S"B"Zr X"R"s{S"{X"O"uOY"{W"R"pS"pO"o $
W"puB"\"OY"u\" W"puB"\"{O"@p W"puB"T"R"pS"p W"puB"\"O"r S"pX" S"B"Zr E" $ \"SO"r T"qZT"pY"SO"r
W"s\"S"p{S" {\"@X"p@S"B"Zr E"u{O" $ P"\"p O"p_"pz {\""ppO\"pQY"pu Y"u&_"pR"pZN"p: _"pZW"tO"p:
R"X"p: O"u O"s >p>p> AY"pB"w`rO"p: {O" S"pX"X"pe""u^"p_O"p: _"{SO" $
P"\"p O"\" {>{\""pp {\"_O"ZN"v@_\"W"p\"p T"qZO": T"_"T"N""rp pC"\"p{O""Y"uS"
{E"SOY"\"uB"p{O""Y"p, Y"O": T"puY"pE"E"tLp> \"{XV"S"r _"O"r {e"W"s\"S"G"S"X"S"puX"{SQZpSO"ZpSR"@pZ"X"S"r, Y"z {\""pp {\"{">p "pp B"w`p{N" Y"_Y"p: $ {\""pY"p E" V"sp
T"@p"{Y"O"sz "Y"p $ O"P"uY"z @Y"pN"r @Y"pN"X"Y"r pS"SQX"Y"r _"p O"s b"N"Y"p $
@s\"Y"pR"r"Zv: {\"T"b"ZpG"{W": _UsJ>{E"ZO"Y"p&Y"puRY"p $ O"P"uY"z @wT"pR"pZp _" O"s R"pZv\" $
Y"X"{S"\"E"S"rY"p X"R"sZp $ _"p O"s X"R"sZp X"R"sS"pX"pS"z QvOY"z Zp{O" Zb"O"r{O" X"R"sZp $ O"P"uY"z
W"puB"_Y"pS"SQ_Y" \"{O"@p \"{O"@p _"p O"s _"T"pZrZ\"O"rOY"p{Q $ {\""pp @Y"pN"r{O" T"_Y"
Z`_Y"pP": - {\""pp @pX"p{OX"@p @Y"pN"r uz _UsJ>{E": T"Zp $ z uz _"pv: $ @s_"sSQZr
(wz uz z _"pv: w)z $$ 49 $$
BuQ
u! E vi Auu |P AUPkQx. Auu
|Pzv Cx Psk u UQU Pskx.
u USz u x C. , G
Eu? Px }u E \. \ G |P
Auz u PU Pshx. [Pu Pp. Au Pu |P
zxUPshx. uzuu J Pshu Pv & Pv G |P.
u u UP Cuu Az & Az G
|P. QUS Buu u. A\ |P u.
UP Cu Hu J Cx E Gu x. x G x
A\ |P. Qn x x A\ {oUPmhx. ]
ux Pw. UP |P Aw (E). |P[P
ua] E ua]P J u Hmhx.
A A Eu T.
Ex \, Gv P . ]Pzv
{ Q Ez v USQx. P u Au
]. |P vP k uuU Pshx. \ A u
UQU P B Psh. [Pu Bu B.
{>: -
55
S G shzx Gv A\P GvUP Cu. Pw &

P & Eh, EhU Psh. s|PPU
Pm]u. Cu v & U I : G I
U : G Su. (49)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
e" B\"N"S"z S"Y"S"uWY"pu {\"{\"EY" T"wP"B"sEY"O"u {\""pu{O" $ ù X"pO": O"u {>:,
{\"G"Y"O"u G"Y"\"OY"{_O" $ @"r {>:, V"`lS"B"Z{\"_O"pZ{\"G"Y"pO"o R"\s "z O"f""pX"\Y"\"`ZN"Y"puBY"p $ V"`m{S" Y"p{S" S"B"Zp{N" O"u^"pz {\"_O"pZ: O"_Y" {\"G"Y"_O"_X"pO"o, R"\s "z {S"{"O"z, O"u^"pz
O"u^"pz S"B"ZpN"pz Y""pX"{W": \Y"\"`ZN"z \Y"\"`pZ:, O"puBY"p, O"sO"S"pS"pS"B"Zp{N" {G"BY"
OY"P": $ @P"{X"{O" O"e"p` T"sS": {@z{\"R"p, {\""pp {\"_O"rN"p, T"sS": @Y"pN"r
@Y"pN"T"p, S"B"Y"{T" @p{E"O"o {\""pp \"O"O"u $ _"v\" _O"sO"p W"\"uO"o $ S"uOY"p` T"sS":
@s\"Y"v: @O"w{ W": Y"puRY"p Y"puXl "Y"puBY"p @s\"Y"pSY"T"{O"W"J>p{S" _Y"p OY"P": $ T"sS":
_UsJ>{E": _UsJ>p T"@J>p {E": @p{SO"Y"_Y"p: _"p, Y"puRY"p $ pu@u &{T" O"uG"_\"r Y"puRY"pu S"
W"\"{O" $ O"{` Y"puRY"p{T" @p{E""B"Zr {_O", O"e"p` - T"sS": @wT"pR"pZpR"pZp @wT"pY"p R"pZp
T"\"p`: O"_Y"p pR"pZp, S"pz {\"`pY" @wT"p SY"e" S" \"_"O"rOY"P":$ R"pZp{T" @p{E""B"Zr
_O"rOY"P": $ T"sS": {@z X"R"sZp X"pR"sY"T"p, X"R"sZp{T" @p{E""B"Zr {_O" $ T"sS":,
W"puB"\"{O"@p $ W"puB"\"O"r @p{E""B"Zr {_O" $ T"sS": {@X"TY"{S"\"E"S"rY"z Y"P"p _Y"pf"P"p
\"SO"r W"O"z Zb"X"pN"p $ \"SOY"{T" @p{E""B"Zr \"O"O"u OY"p{Q $ O"p_"pz E" Y""pX"{W":
\"N"{Y"O"sz Y"puBY"p O"\" {>{\"G"Y"O"u $$ 49$$
uzw
UP P Eu. (49)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
\"z S"Y"S"{e"O"Y"z {S"\"NY"uQ pS"rz O"pT"pZT"pz {z> O"f""B"ZrT"@uN" \"N"Y"{O"
{\""pu{O" $ ù G"S"{S" O"u O"\" {>: @wT"p\"pu@S"z, V"`lS"B"Z{\"_O"pZ{\"G"Y"p, V"`lS"B"Z{\"_O"pZ_""rOY"P": $ R"\s "z "u $ {\"T"t\"@pu {G"Ze" _"pY"b"@: $ V"`lS"B"Z_"pY"u ùO"sz
\"QS"o {z> {\"{"S"{> - O"f""B"ZrS"pX"{W"\Y"\"`ZN"z \Y"\"`pZ_O"puBY"p $ O"e" T"P"X"O"pu
S"pX"O"pu&P"O"" drZpX"E"SS"B"Zr_"pY"z V"\s "S"o {z> {\"{"S"{> - @s: T"w{P"\"r \"Y"{X"\"
"puW"pùO"sW"tO"p Y"u^"pz O"u @s\"Y"p ZpG"pS":, O"vZY"puRY"p Y"puXl ""Y"p, {\"ppp {\"_O"rN"p,
@Y"pN"r @Y"pNpB"sN"{\"{">p _UsJ>{E": Y"p drZpX"S"B"Zr _"p O"\" {>: O"O_""rOY"P": $
56
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 49
_"pY"z E" _"X"pS"R"X"p@ pSO"O"Y"p $ {>T"b"u {\""pO\"pQY"pu R"X"p: _"SOY"u\" $ @s\"Y"vqZSQr\"ZvZY"puRY"p, S"{W"W"p\Y"p _"p O"p"rOY"P":$ Y"p {\""pp OY"u\"X"pQY"pu S"B"ZrW"uQp: $
X"R"sZp_"pY"X"p` - {@X"{T" {S"T"X"z, X"R"sZp, X"R"sZO\"X"ppQ@ZO\"X"o $ X"R"s ZpOY"pQf"u {O"
X"R"sZp$ T"pZz T"ZO"rZz, \"Zz \"pO"rZz {\"O"u Y"e" T"pZp\"pZ: @wT"pT"pZp\"pZpu {\"^N"s: _"
{\"O"u Y"e" _"p X"R"sZp $ \"zW"tO"p Y"p X"R"sZp _"p O"u {>_O"O_""rOY"P": $ {>T"b"u
X"R"sZppVQuS"ppQ@O\"X"o $ @wT"pT"pZp\"pZp @wT"p_"X"t`T"p $ @wT"pR"pZp R"pZu{O" T"pKu>
R"pZpS"B"Zr O"u {>_O"O_"pp $ @wT"pY"p R"pZp T"ZXT"Zp Y"e" _"p $ _"X"pS"pVQ\"pEY"O\"X"u\"
_"pY"X"e" $ W"puB"{O"@p, W"puB": _"\"_"sA"z O"_Y" {O"@u\"pdY"T"p, W"puB"\"O"r S"B"Zr{O"
O"O_"pY"z >p\"{T"$ \"SO"r Zb"SO"r W"O"X"pe"{X"{O" \"SO"r S"B"Zr $ W"\"pS"ruZ> {T"
O"O_"pXY"z, Y"P"pz> S"ue"_"pX"pSY"X"u\" $$ 49 $$
uzu \vP &
UP xu. (49)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù T"ZX"u"qZ $ {\""pp OY"SO"{\""J>p p@N"T"tZ{\"_O"pZB"sN"Y"puB"pO"o {\""pp S"pX"
S"B"Zr E", @Y"pN"_UsJ>{E": @Y"pN"r "puW"S"p, _UsJ>p \Y"O"p "puW"p Y"_Y"p: _"p O"P"puO"p $
@Y"pN"{X"OY"u@z S"B"Zz B"SR"\"ZpG"_Y" T"{_"X"o $ @s\"Y"vS"rpuOT"v: $ Y"puRY"p Y"puzl {W"W"{\"O"sz
"Y"p Y"puRY"u{O" ZpX"E"S_Y" S"B"Zr T"{_"v\" $ @wT"pR"pZpR"pZp - @w^T"pR"pZpY"p QY"pT"\"p`_Y"
pR"pZ: p_"X"SO"pZN"z Y"_Y"p: _"p O"P"puO"p $ R"pZp S"pX" @pE"S" S"B"Zr $ {@X"{T" {@"
OY"SO"X"pR"sY"ppu@S"\"O"r X"R"sZp S"pX" @w^N"S"B"Zr X"R"sZp X"P"sZp @wN"S"B"Zr X"R"s{S"{X"O"u{O"
{\""T"@p": $ W"puB"\"{O"@p W"puB": T"ZX"u"ZX"sA"p\"pu@S"G"{S"O"T"ZX"pS"SQ: _"pu&_Y"p _O"r{O"
W"puB"\"{O"@p $ _\"pP"u @: T"OY"Y": $ W"puB"\"OY"u\" W"puB"\"{O"@p $ W"puB"\"O"r{O" T"pO"pu S"pB"ZpG"_Y"
S"B"Zr T"{_"p $ \"SO"r pu@pS"o Zb"SO"r $ \" Zb"N" {O" R"pO"pu: @O"qZ "T"o {O" "T"o,
{B"O"" {O" D>rT"o $ \"SO"r S"pX" "{Y"S"rOY"T"ZT"Y"pY"pu S"B"Z{\""u^": $ \"zW"tO"p Y"p O"u
{>: V"`lS"B"Z{\"_O"pZ{\"G"Y"pO"o V"`mS"pz S"B"ZrN"pz {\"_O"pZ_Y" {\""pO"pB"sN"_Y" {\"G"Y"pO"o
{W"W"\"pO"o _"p O"f""pX"{W": \Y"\"`ZN"Y"puBY"p O"p_"pz O"p_"pz {\""pp{QS"B"ZrN"pz S"pX"{W":
\Y"\"`ZN"Y"puBY"p R"\s "z T"pY"uN" {\"G"Y"O"u _"\"puO @^"uN " {\"G"Y"O"u $ Y"pu {` Y"z G"Y"{O" _" O"_Y" _"\"_\"z
O\"p \""u^"@{O"T"AY"pT"@X"sp"VQpqO"z S"pX"pqT" B"wpO"r{O" W"p\": $$ 49 $$
{>: -
57
isi
UP xu. (49)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
{\""pu{O" O"u O"\" {>{\"G"Y"O"u OY"S\"Y": $ @"r ? V"`tS"pz S"B"ZpN"pz {\"_O"pZ_Y"
{\""pO"pB"sN"_Y" {\"G"Y"pQ{W"W"\"pf"p_"pz O"p_"pz S"B"ZrN"pz S"pX"{W"\Y"\"`ZN"z \Y"\"`pZ_O"puBY"p $ V"`lS"B"Z{\"_O"pZ{\"G"Y"u{O" T"pKu> V"`mS"pz S"B"ZpN"pz {\"_O"pZ_Y" {\""pO"pB"sN"_Y"
{\"G"Y"pu Y"_Y"pz _"u{O" {>{\""u^"N"X"o $ O"f""pX"\Y"\"`ZN"Y"puBY"O\"X"u\" Q"Y"{O" {\""pp
{\"_O"rN"p {\""pp S"pX" S"B"Zr E", @Y"pN"B"sN"{\"{">p B"SR"\"S"B"Zr E", _UsJ>{E":
\Y"O"@p{SO": @s\"Y"vqZSQr\"Zv: T"wP\"rX"NL>v " Y"puRY"p Y"puXl ""Y"p ZpX"S"B"Zr E",
@wT"pR"pZpY"p: @pNY"T"\"p`_Y"pR"pZW"tO"p R"pZ S"pX" S"B"Zr E", {@X"{T" X"R"sZp {S"\"E"S"rY"X"S"pu`ZB"sN"p X"R"sZp S"pX" dr@w^N"S"B"Zr E" $ X"P"sZp X"R"sZp @w^N"S"B"Zr X"R"s{S"{X"O"u{O"
{\""@pu"pO"o $ W"puB"\"{O"@p W"puB": T"Xu " O"O"r, @: _\"pP"u, W"puB"\"O"r T"pO"pS"B"Zr E",
\"SO"r W"O"G"S"z Zb"SO"r \"SO"r S"B"Zr E"u{O" $ {\"^N"sT"b"u&TY"u\"X"o $$ 49 $$
Pu &
UP uu. q zv Cu u (49)
pS"SQ`Zr
{\""pu{O" $ O"u O"\" {>: V"`mS"pz S"B"ZpN"pz {\"_O"pZ_Y" {\"G"Y"pO"o - _\"{\"_O"pZuN"
{O"Z_@ZN"pO"o O"p_"pz S"BpZrNppz S"pX"{W"\Y"\"`ZN"u T"{O"T"pQS"u Y"puBY"p {E"O"p {\"G"Y"O"u O@^"uN "
\"O"O"u $ {\"G"Y"p{QOY"e" {\"G"Y"u{O" T"pKu> {>{\"pu^"Npz V"`l\"r{`:$ O"f"{Q{O" V"`lpVQpuT"pf"pS"pz
T"OY"u@T"ZpX"ppp _"p $ R"\s "{X"OY"sOT"bu "pY"pX"o $ O"Qlz - X"SY"u p>u R"\s "z T"pY": OY"p{Q $
O"pp\Y"\"`pZY"puBY"O"pz QpY"{O"$ {>{\""pp {\"_O"rN"p {\""pp S"pX" S"B"Zr E", @Y"pN"r
X"T"p, Y"z B"SR"\"S"B"Zr, _UsJ>p {E": @p{SO"Y"_Y"p: _"p O"P"p, @s\"Y"v: T"vZY"puRY"p,
Y"puzl \""r@O"s| "Y"p, P" @s\"Y"v: T"wP\"rX"NL>Zv Y"puRY"p, Y"puRY"p ZC"sS"pP"S"B"Zr,
@wT"pR"pZpY"p: @N"pT"\"p`_Y" pR"pZp {R"@ZNpW"tO"p, P" E" @wT"pY"p pR"pZW"tO"p R"pZp
S"pX" S"B"Zr $ pR"pZY"O"rOY"pR"pZp, T"E"p{E" T"X"o $ C"V"SO"O\"u T"s{z O\"pT"f"u:
G"`{O\"p{Q{O" V"puRY"X"o $ {@X"{T" X"R"sZp, {S"\"E"S"rY"X"S"pu`ZO"pY"sO"p, P" E"
dr@w^N"S"B"Zr $ X"R"sZp X"P"sZp @w^N"S"B"Zr X"R"s{S"{X"O"p {O" {\""T"@pu"pO"o $ W"puB": _"sA"z
58
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 50
O"O"r G"S"@O"Y"p, _\"pP"u @: $ P" E" T"pO"paS"B"Zr, W"puB": _"T""ZrZz O"O"r{O" \Y"sOT"f"u: $
W"puBp: _"sA"u Y"p{QW"wO"pv ù" UNp@pY"Y"puqZOY"X"Z>: $ \"SO"r W"pST"pY"SO"r, \"SO"r
S"pX" "{Y"S"r S"B"Zr $$ 49 $$
*
Bu &
UP Eu (49
*
@\"rS"pz _"SQW"_O"V"@ X"@ZSQv@ Z{_"@z 1

@J>pb"\Y"pb"uT" W"X"Z @W"pv @N"Y"sB"X"o $
X"s"SO"pv ^>p O"\" S"\"Z_"p_\"pQO"Zpv
_"tY"p_"z_"B"pO"o {@S"Y"S"z {@{"2QN"X"o $$ 50
P| uuP PuP P 1
Ph P PnP >
Ag\u zm u |u u
A Pz AP|| Qg] 2 un >> 50
1. W"qZO"z u, 2. {@z{_\"Q Qu
u : P| & PPh, uuP Pu HPP &
{Pa]z uSQ Puzv J P; u PnP & E
PxP i, Ag\u = h U Psh; |
u u & x x (Jx) _Pa _v ;
Ph P = Pha\Q Smi skP (Chx & x
PsP); zm = zx; A Pz = A` u; u
AP | = E |U Ps; Qg]z An = ]x ]xx.
Uz \ |\|, P |v, z||,
u u |[P {UPz uUP.
bX"rR"Zp
@\"rS"pz @\"r"ZpN"pz, _"SQW"_O"V"@X"@ZSQv@Z{_"@z _"SQW": @p\Y"_"SQW": _" \"
_O"V"@: T"s^T"B"sEFz> O"e" X"@ZSQu @z X"sAY"z Z{_"@z X"sAY"Z{_"@z @p\Y"pX"wO"p_\"pQv@Z-
S"ue"e"Y"X"o - UPsP
59
{_"@{X"OY"P":$ @J>pb"\Y"pb"uT"W"X"Z@W"pv @J>pb"p\"u\" \Y"pb"uT"W"X"Z@W"pv @J>pb"p\"u\"

\Y"pb"uT"pv \Y"pG"pv Y"Y"pu_O"pv, O"pv E" O"pv E"u{O" _"X"p_": $ W"X"Z@W"pv {ZuU{L>XW"pv $ e" Y"{T"
@W""VQ: @qZ{L>XW"\"E"S":, X"`p@{\"T"Y"puB"T"pE"sY"\""pO"o {\""u^"N"_"pX"pSY"b"N"p
W"X"Z@W"p{\"{O" $ @N"Y"sB"z @N"Y"pu: d\"N"Y"pu: Y"sBX"z, X"s"SO"pv Z_"p_\"pQXT"J>O"Y"p
OY"G"SO"pv ^>p, O"wO"rY"_Y" S"Y"S"_Y" R\"{_P"O"O\"pO"o $ O"\" S"\"Z_"p_\"pQO"Zpv S"\"Z_"p:
wpZpQY": S"\"O\"_"pY"sO"p: Z_"p: S"\"Z_"p: "p@T"p{P"\"p{QO\"pQlf"ZT"QpuT":;
SY"P"p {B"pu: {O" Dr>{T" @wO"u S"\"Z_"r {O" _Y"pO"o $ S"\"Z_"pS"pX"p_\"pQu W"puB"u O"Zpv
XT"J>p,v _"tY"p_"z_"B"pO"o _"tY"p ^Y"p O"_Y"p: _"z_"B": _"XV"SR": O"_X"pO"o, {a@S"Y"S"z
{S"{J>S"ue"z, {@{"QN"z {@{"O@puT"p{Q\"pN"X"o $
e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p -ù W"B"\"{O" $ @\"rS"pz _"SQW"_O"V"@X"@ZSQv@Z{_"@z O"\" @N"Y"sB"z
@J>pb"\Y"pb"uT"W"X"Z@W"pv S"\"Z_"p_\"pQO"Zpv X"s"SO"pv ^>p _"tY"p_"z_"B"pO"o {@S"Y"S"z
{@{"QN"X"o $ Y"X"P": S"Y"S"e"Y"X"RY"u Y"puZX"wO"T"pS"u {_"u @_Y" S"Y"S"_Y" _"tY"p
Y"sGY"O"u $ p@N"pSO"S"ue"p W"B"\"O"r {O" \"_O"sR\"{S": $ e" {O""Y"pu{O"ZpZ:;
d\"N"Y"pu: (S"ue"Y"pu: d\"N"B"O") @p\Y"pX"wO"p_\"pQ_"XV"SR"pW"p\"u&{T" _"XV"SR"@P"S"pO"o $
W"X"Z@W"p{\"OY"e" T"\"ppZ: $ Y"p T"@z, @J>pb"\Y"pb"uT": @J>pb"pOX"O"Y"p
\"{_P"{O"qZ{O" \Y"pAY"uY"X"o $ {O""Y"puO"SO"ZX"{T", W"X"Z@W"Y"pu: X"@ZSQp_\"pQp_"XV"SR"u&{T" _"XV"SR"@P"S"pO"o $ @{\"@wO"\"_O"s@w O"_"pvSQY"Y"puZW"uQpRY"\"_"pY"pO"o {O""Y"puOY"puZS"sT"pNY"pS"sT"pN"@W"p\"__"XV"SR": $ T"\"_O"s pqW"p\"uS" _"rN": $$ 50 $$
u &
E Csk PxP E C PsP |[QizxUPsk
h E. PxPsk PP \Pz uP {zx
Sv x. PsP vx vuP Puzuz ui AQ
PskUSmiP. PxP PPU PsPsk PxP
|[SuU Psk |UPs ]x ]xx. PxP
PmQ P zv ][P u Jx [P E (|).
A v v P Gu. G v _ (|)
Psh. u PxP }sh. PsP Csk
Cu Azu Au ux PsoS A`
A? u |UPs u[Pzu CP
AUuu ]ux. (_. 48) (50)
60
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 50
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
@\"rS"p{X"{O" $ @\"rS"pz \"pX"r{@\Y"p_"W"wO"rS"pz _"SQW"_O"V"@: B"T"p{QZE"S"p{\""u^":, O"u^"pz X"@ZSQ: wpZp{QZ_"W"p\"p:, O"v: @W"qZO"z T"tN"| @J>pb"\Y"pb"uT"W"X"Z@W"pv,
@J>pb"EF>X"R"s@Z{""t @N"Y"sB"z X"s"SO"pv _"Qp @N"puT "pSO"u {_P"O"pv ^>p _"tY"p_"zT"@pO"o
T"ZpuO@^"p_"Ò\"pO"o {@S"Y"S"z UpS"Y"S"z {@{"QN"X"o $ e" T"@ùO\"pZpWY"pz
_\"pW"p{\"@pu&{N"X"p T"tY"O"u OY"T"mOY"pZpu \Y": $$ 50 $$
Uzv
Q, u PP |[P { \Q
PuzuU PxP Q[QU Pmu, Ph G PhUPs G
\UQ PsPQ PskP u PmP PxP JmiUPsh.
A U Psh x Ps ]x ]xx.
(50)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
pJ>S"Y"S"_Y"pNY"X"sOT"bu "O"u @\"rS"p{X"{O" $ ù Qu{\" ! O"\" W"\"OY"p: {@S"Y"S"z
pJ>_"z{_P"O"z S"Y"S"z \"pOX"@z S"ue"z @O"w, @J>pb"Y"pu:, Y"O"pB"{O"{\"dp{SO"\"v{E"eY"uN"
{S"\"O"S"X"o $ O"pZ@pY"p: @p{W"c"p_O"z @J>pb"z T"E"b"O"u OY"sO"b"N"Y"pu: T"pQ"S"Y"pu\Y"pb"uT"pu {\"p_" \" W"X"Z@W"pv {ZuU{L>XW"pv, @W""VQ: @qZ{"ps\"E"S"pu&{T"
_"pX"pSY"b"N"Y"p T"Y"sO"pu S" Ql> OY"sO"z T"p@o $ Y"p @uS" @p{SO"{\""u^"uN" W"pO" {O" \"p
@W"O" {O" \"p W"X"Zpv @W"W"X"Zp{\"{O" \"p, \"p{Ò"pBSY"p{Q^"s {O" _"pR"s: $ W"X"Zpv
@W"p{\"\"u{O" \"p $ @\"rS"pz @\"{Y"O"wdu p> S"pz {\"^N\"pQrS"pz _"SQW": \"N"S"pOX"p
@p\Y"T"V"SR":, _" \" _O"V"@: B"sEF>: {O"Z_"pOX"@T"X"Y":, O"e" Y"pu X"@ZSQZ_":
Z_"W"p\"p{Q: O"{_X"S"o, O"Qp_\"pQ \"v@{_X"S"o Z{_"@z wpZZ_"W"qZO"@p\Y"T"V"SR"p@N"S"puO_"s@{X"OY"P": $ O"uS" W"B"\"OY"p: @p\Y"T"V"SR"pQZ: _"t{E"O":$ @N"Y"puY"sB "z d\"N"Y"sB"z
S"\"pu S"tO"S"pu Z_": wpZ:, O"_Y" Z_"u p_\"pu O"Zp\"{O"E"T"pv, O" \" X"s"SO"pv
OY"G"SO"pv d\"N"T"Y"SO"B"p{X"S"pv _"SO"pv, ^>p \"ubY", _"tY"p T"ZpuO@^"p_"{`^N"sO\"z, O"_Y"p:
_"z_"B"pO"o _"zT"@p{Q\"u{O" B"XY"p ùO"tOT"bu "p $ _\"_Y"puR\"{_P"O"O\"uS" @N"Y"sB"_"X"rT"\Y"pY"W"p\"pf"OT"Y"SO"B"p{X"S"Y"S"Y"u ^Y"p_"zY"puB"pQu\"uOY"P": $ {@{"Qr^"-QN"z ZO"\"N"| G"pO"{X"{O"
"u^": $ e" _"X"pS"u^"s @u^"p{"O_"pvAY"pW"u, O"O_"X"pS"_Y" VR"_"pvAY"_Y" _"tY"pG"SY"S"Y"S"pN"O\"T"{_"u:, {"T"O\"uS" _\"W"p\"pN"_Y"p{T" pJ>puE"S"_Y", S"Y"S"O\"uS"
S"ue"e"Y"X"o - UPsP
61
_"X"pS"pS"pz e"Y"pN"pz X"RY"u, Y"pu_O"Y"pu: @N"pSO"{\"dp{SO"Z_"p_\"pQpW"u, VR"O"_"_Y"

pNY"X"sOT"bu Y"O"u $ _"p E" @\"rS"pz _"SQW"uO Y"p{QT"@pS"sT"p{N"O"p $ O"Y"p E" _\"pW"p{\"@pNY"{O"ZpuR"pS"_Y" T"O"rO"u: pZuN" pZR\"{S": $$ 50 $$
Anv
P Px \ vx PvP ]x {x
PhS. Psk PsP Px \ Au hkz
v A[P {zxmh. ]u PP q u uP
_ UP xvP PmkU PxP Q, Px }sh PP
AQa] A[P {zxmh. uUS C Pa_ P
S. AuUPsh |UPs u A \ & PmP
C C PsPh Psh. Pstu
Eh ]x ]xmhx. u Ezv Cu Px \
C. u Jzu ChuU Psk, u Au C
C. A. CP AUu ]u AuUPs
Cx A ]x AvP ]ux. (50)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
@\"rS"p{X"{O" $ T"ZX"u"Y"p puE"S"e"Y"z, Y"z O\"R": _"puX"_"tY"pOX"@z @z W"pQu"u
O"wO"rY"X"Y"pOX"@z, O"uS"p{R"@pu&{N"X"p O"_Y"u_Y"e" {S"{X"f"X"p` $ ù X"pO": O"\"p{@S"Y"S"z O"O"pu
ùO"puZNpz {@z W"pQu":, _" \" pJ>: O"e" {_P"O"z O""Y"S"X"{@S"Y"S"z, O"{O@{"QN"z
_"tY"p_"zT"@p{Q{O" $ T"ZpuO@^"p_"{`^N"sO\"X"_"tY"p O""pO"o $ _"tY"pùO"sX"p` {@z @wO\"p,
@J>pb"\Y"pb"uT"W"X"Z@W"pv O"\" @N"Y"sB"X"X"s"SO"pv ^>p $ @J>pb"Y"puY"pv \Y"pb"uT"pv
@J>pb"T"W"uQpv O"p\"u\" W"X"Z@W"pv W"tO\"p O"\" @N"Y"sB"u {S"Y"X"uS" X""pv ^>p $ e"Y"pZpz
_"T"pNppz X"RY"u @pu pv \"p T"W"pu: @N"u {S"ZSO"Zz B"{O" $ SY"_O"s QmZO"pu&\"X"p{S"O" \"
{O">{O" $ O"Qp O"QlO@^"p_"{`^NpsO\"T"p _"tY"p W"\"OY"u\"u{O" $ O"p\"O"p @NppuT "pSO"_T"{pO\"uS"
puE"S"Y"pu{\"ppO"p @J>pb"EF>S"p \"p Y"pv W"X"Z@W"p{\"{O" \"p $ @W"pu Y"{T" @qZ@W":
O"P"pTY"u@Qu"b"N"Y"p "p\"@X"pe"z @J>pb"Y"puW"X "Z@W"O\"uS" {S"T"N"u ùO"s: $ {@zb"N"pv
@W"pv, S"\"Z_"p_\"pQO"Zpv S"\"pS"pz Z_"pS"pz Y"e" _\"O"Se"uN"p_\"pQ: O"e" O"Zpv puTs "pv $
W"\"OY"p X"`pZpcY"p: @N"Y"pu"uQppT": {@Y"O"u _"\"u Z_"p: T"pTY"SO"u $ O"e" Z_"p: @se"OY"p
OY"O" p` $ {@z b"N"z @N"Y"sB"z, @\"rS"pz _"SQW"_O"V"@X"@ZSQv@Z{_"@z, @\"rS"pz
\Y"p_"\"pX"r{@T"ZppZT"W"wO"rS"pz Y": _"SQW": Z_"T"R"pS"pu \"pBBpsXW"pu \"p[B\"p_": _" \"
_O"V"@: @s_"sX"BpsEF>:, O"e" Y"pu X"@ZSQ: pwpZp{QZ_"p: O"uS"v@u S" W"qZO"z T"tNp| T"tqZO"X"o $ Y"z
62
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 50
W"p\": \Y"p_"\"pX"r{@T"ZppZT"W"wO"Y"pu X"`p@\"Y"pu&`{S"pz S"\"Z_"T"R"pS"z _O"s{O"T"{O"T"pQ@z

_"SQW"| W"{T"t\"| T"K>[SO" $ T"ZX"u"Zr O"s W"Y"puT"T""pS"pz O"u^"pz _O"s{O"z @NpY"p _"pQZz
wNppuO"r{O" Z_"p\"_P"pS"z, O"e" Z_"T"p{"@pX"S"Y"u\" @NpX"p{dOY" @J>pb"pv {O">O" {O" $ O"e"OY"z
Z_"X"uO"pv BpwrO":, `z O"s QmZ OY"_"tY"p $ P"\"p T"ZX"u"Y"p pJ>T"J>u W"pBY"pY"u
Zpb"Z_\"T"X"`X"u\" \"uR"_"p {{A"O"{X"{O" {\"X"pS"u, O"Y"pu: @Np_Y" _T"pu @pu
\"p&{R"@pZ: OY"_"tY"p $ @\"rS"p{X"{O" pu@_Y" \Y"pAY"p e" W"BpX"p{SY"p pZ: $
@\"rS"p{X"{O" W"BpX"ppupZX"Se"V"p`lY"pO_"tE"S"pX"pe"X"o; W"BpX"ppY"p S" O"s X"Se"pupZ: $
O"P"p @\"rS"pz _"pR"@pS"pz _"SQW": pdY": @pX"pup_"{\"pu^": $ O"Qu\" _O"V"@W"tO"z O"_Y"
X"pY"p X"@ZSQ_Y" E"v@u S" W"qZO"z T"tqZO"X"o $ O"P"p E" W"BpX"ppG"pT"@_Y" O"Qp\"Y"@z Y"puBpz
{\"S"p S" UQpe"r $ O"z _"pR"@z ^>p \"[SO" Y"pu{^"O": $ W"X"Z@W"pv _O"S"@sXW"pv $ @NpY"sBpz
@Npu dsO"pv \"uQu Y"sBpz u {\"u \"u{QO"\Y" {O" $ S"\"Z_": _"zW"puBp: O"_Y"p_\"pQ:
_"`G"pS"SQpW": O"O"_O"Zpv T"rS"pv X"s"SO"pv SO"ZZ{Ò"pv \"pZz\"pZz pS"pO"o $
_"tY"p_"z_"BppO"o @O"\Y"O"pc"pS"Z{Ò"pO"o $ {@S"Y"S"z @O"\Y"O"pc"pS"Z{Ò"z T"ps{S"@Zz
{@{"QNpz S"u{O" pu^":, S"pS"sZpBp\"pS"o $ e"pBpX"pup{\"R"pS"u T"ps: $ O"e" W"BpX"ppT"tG"pY"p
Y"puBppT"ub"p, SY"O"o S"p\"Y"@{X"{O" $ ^"puL> p{S"OY"pS"pz X"RY"u e" W"BpX"p{S"r{O" $
X"Se"pW"p\": $$ 50 $$
BuQ
` & \vP PsP Csk R. AUUPs |.
AUu \ AvP. Ax Csk PsPh Psh
A ]ux. US Ps G J {u G
Csk Pu |[P iQx. |[P iu |UPs Ax u S G
AkQx. CPsP }sk \Uv E. u
PP C P |[P xv Uvh kQ.
u h Aua \kzxU PmQ. AuU PsP Az u
SQ. | yzv G A. P v Cv
. 16 {zP A J. Ax x. Au Ax
UPh. (50)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
@J>pb"\"NpS"X"\"O"pZY"{O" @\"rS"p{X"{O" - ù X"pO":, O"\" {@S"Y"S"z T"pSO"_""pZE"O"sZz
S"Y"S"z, _"tY"p_"z_"BppO"o {@{"QNpz G"pO"{X"\" $ _"tY"Y"p Zpu^"_Y" _"z_"Bp: $ O"_X"pO_"Qpu\"z
O"u S"Y"S"z @puR"\"ppQNpz G"pO"{X"OY"P":$ e" @puR"u @pZNpX"p` {@z @wO\"p,
S"ue"e"Y"X"o - UPsP
63
@J>pb"\Y"pb"uT"W"X"Z@W"pv ^>p, @J>pb"Y"pu: \Y"pb"uT"pv BpO"pBpO"pOX"@pv \Y"pT"pZpv, O"p\"u\"

W"X"Z@W"pv O"pv O"P"pupv $ @J>pb"_Y" W"X"Z_"pXY"X"[_O" $ O"P"p {` - Y"O"pBpO"{\"W"p[SO"\"v{E"eY"uNp {\"\"O"S"X"o $ O"pZ@pY"p: @p{W"c"p_O"z @J>pb"z T"E"b"O"u {O" $ O"pv _\"W"p\"X"{S"pv
^>p, {@z{\"R"pv O"pv, @NpY"sBpX"X"s"SO"pv, p{dO"pv T"sS": S"\"Z_"p_\"pQO"Zpv, S"\" E" O"u
Z_"p" O"u^"pX"p_\"pQ: O"uS" O"Zpv \Y"pAY"pO"pv $ ^"JoT> "Qpu&{T" \"_"SO"pu\"T"s^T"X"@ZSQp_\"pQuS"
O"Zpu W"\"{O" $ _"X"@pZNpuS" _"pXY"X"o $ @NpY"sBppdY"Npu ùO"sX"p`-{@z{\"R"z @NpY"sBpz @\"rS"pz
@\"r"ZpNppz _"SQW"_O"V"@X"@ZSQv@W"qZO"z, _"SQW" \" _O"V"@: \"pNprBpsXU: O"e" Y"pu
X"@ZSQ: O"uS" W"qZO"z T"tNpX"o $ @Npu {` _O"V"@; @NpT"tZpu W"\"{O" $$ 50$$
uzw
Ph Psk Ex. _UP P{. AuS
QmkQx. \ \ Psh uUS Ax Qmhuu P.
AUSU Pn. PxPh PP \Pu {xx.
sk u A[P _uUS Ax Pn ( EP
UP. (50)
T"QpP"E"[S@p
pJ>X"RY"_P"X"{"S"ue"z _\"W"p\"O"pu&NpX"u\"puOT"bu "X"pNppu \"NpY"{O"@\"rS"p{X"{O" $ ù
G"S"{S", O"\" {@S"Y"S"z pJ>_P"X"{"S"ue"z, [_\"{Q{O" {\"O"@u , {@z _"tY"p_"z_"BppuO"puZNpX"pZz G"pO"X"o $ _"tY"ppVQpu&b"p[SO"T"Z: $ _"tY"pY"pz ùO"sX"p`@J>pb"u{O" $
wpZp{QS"\"Z_"p_\"pQu O"Zpv E""pv @NpY"sBpX"X"s"SO"pv OY"G"SO"pv @J>pb"\Y"pb"uT"W"X"Z@W"pv ^>p, @J>pb"Y"pu\Y"pb"uT"pv @J>pb"\Y"pb"uT"pv W"X"Z@W"p{\"\" @J>pb"\Y"pb"uT"W"X"Z@W"pv $ @NpY"sBpz {\"{pS"{>, @\"rS"pz \Y"p_"pQrS"pz _"SQW"p: \"pY"BpP"S"p{S" O"u _O"V"@p
\", O"u^"pz X"@ZSQ: d\"NpG"SY"z _"sA"z, O"[_X""u@z X"sAY"z Z{_"@z Z_"p_\"pQT"ZX"o $ Y"X"{W"T"pY": - _"tY"E"SS"ue"u {S"ZSO"Zz @{\"_"SQW"d\"NpG"SY"_"sA"puTs "z @NpY"sBpz _"u\"X"pS"u T"ZX"_"sA"X"S"sW"\"O": $ X"X" O\"SO"Zp\"{O"S"pu S"uO"rO"r^Y"Y"p \"p&Np{X"{O" $ {@{"QNp{X"{O" T"pK>u
_"tY"p_"z_"Bpp{Q\"uO"r\"pVQpu&RY"p`pY": $$ 50 $$
uzu \vP
CP |UPs ]ux. A ]ux.
\vU PsP Kzvu Chh P\zu Px
\ CQ. |k |UPst Cvu
AUSU Pn. . (50)
64
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 50
{L>[NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
Q{b"Np\"pX"puE"S"pT"ub"Y"p pJ>puE"S"_Y" Np@p[SO"{\"{p>O\"u ùO"sX"p` ù
T"ZX"u"qZ ! @\"rS"pz V""{\"^N\"pQrS"pz W"\""ZNp_O"puO"%Nppz _"SQW"_O"V"@: _"SQW"pu \"pBBpsXUpu
Y": _" \" _O"V"@: T"s^T"X""Zr O""{S"O"pu Y"pu X"@ZSQ: O"qZO"z X"sAY"O"Y"p _"XT"tqZO"z
@NpY"sBpz O"\" dpue"Y"X"o $ X"s"SO"pv S"\"Z_"p_\"pQS"puTs "O"Y"p T"qZOY"G"SO"pv @J>pb"\Y"pb"uT"W"X"Z@W"pv @J>pb"_Y" \Y"pb"uT": T"p{\"_UsZNpz O"p\"u\" W"X"Z@W"pv ^"JoT> "QV"p@pv
@X"W"tO"pv ^>p $ T"sS": {@XW"tO"pv, S"\"Z_"p_\"pQO"Zpv T"pBpsV""p{Q@{\"T"@pY"X"pS"_"t{_"XT""wpZp{QZ_"p_\"pQS"pupv ^>p $ _"tY"p_"z_"BppO"o $ W"Y"pu: _"X"pS"p@pZY"puZ@u _Y" R"S"T"p"pv SY"_Y" _"oY"p G"pY"O"u $ O" \" ùO"pu: {@S"Y"S"z pJ>puE"S"z
{@{"QNpz T"pJ>\"Np| Y"O"u, @puR"p_"tY"Y"puZr^"uQpO"o O"O_"z_"BppQo ZO\"X"s{E"O"{X"{O"
W"p\": $$ 50 $$
isi
x & Chx PsPh |UPs AvP ]UPU Pn
APsP PxP }, u mk Chzv CUQ
{u. (50)
BppuT"p_"sSQZr
@\"rS"p{X"{O" O"\" {@S"Y"S"z pJ>puE"S"z @O"w, @J>pb"\Y"pb"uT": T"p{\"_UsZNpz
O"p\"u\" W"X"Z@W"pv ^"JoT> "QV"p@pv @NpY"sBpX"X"s"SO"pv ^>p _"tY"p_"z_"BppO"o _\"_Y"
pJ>_P"pS"O"Y"p @NpT"Y"SO"BpX"S"pW"p\"uS" ^Y"p_"XT"@pO"o Npz ZX"o $ {@z[_\"{Q{O" OY"{T"
T"pK>: $ @NpY"sBpz @pz? @\"rS"pz \Y"p_"pQrS"pz _"SQW"pu \"pBBpsXU: _" \" _O"V"@_O"e" Y"pu
X"@ZSQ: wpZp{QZ_"; O"uS"v@u S" W"qZO"z T"tNp|, W"X"Z@W"pv @ppv? S"\"Z_"p_\"pQO"Zpv
wpZp{QS"\"Z_"p_\"pQpuTs "pv $$ {\"^NpsT"b"u S"w{_"z`X"tOY"{W"T"pY"uNp pJ>puE"S"\"NpS"X"o
X"pqNpY"p{_"X"T"W"z {S"G"E"p _"Se"_O"Zb"puBpNpz G"pS"sSY"_O"@ZpXV"sG"z {e"S"Y"S"z Zpu_"m^"NpX"o $ V"p`lWY"pz R"wO"pE"@X"{S"pzz Qzp>~ Bu p\"e"pu_"\"pp{G"X"sQBp@u p{S"E"Y"z \"SQu
S"w{_"z`z {\"W"sX"o $ {O" RY"pS"pO"o $$ 50 $$
Pu
u UP EPu. q zv
UPsnP {Pz vUP, Ax |UPs ]UP A
Pn. u J oUP . AUP Tmhzu |k[Pa
Z{_"@p {>: - US
65
\, [P x P F. UPsn, \{ Ao sh.
\[S \UP PP Hv, uP [P
|U PUSQ |US E. ]zu P\[P. Au
{z v \.(50)
pS"SQ`Zr
@\"rS"p{X"{O" $ O"\" {@S"Y"S"z pJ>S"ue"z @O"w, @J>pb"\Y"pb"uT"pv T"pQpS"\Y"pT"pZpv O"p\"u\" W"X"Z@W"pv {ppt O"pv @NpY"sBpz X"s"SO"pv $ SY"e" {@z[_\"{Q{O" \"p
T"pK>: $ {@z[_\"O"o {\"O"@u $ W"pS"ue"_Y" @NpY"puBppW"p\"pQr^Y"p $ @pz @NpY"sBpz, @\"rS"pz
_"SQW"pu {S"V"SR": @p\Y"z O"Qu\" _O"V"@: T"s^T"BpsEF>:, O"e" Y"u X"@ZSQp S"\"{\"R"p Z_"p_O"vZ@u z
@u\"z W"qZO"z T"tNp|, O"pv @ppv, S"\"Z_"pS"pz wpZpQrS"pz, W"X"ZT"b"u S"tO"S"T"s^T"Z_"pS"pz
p_\"pQu _"pb"pO@pZu O"Zpv _"O"w^Nppv e"Y"pNppz S"ue"W"w{pptS"pz pv @NppSO"u X"R"sT"pS"z @sO"
{O" ^>p @puR"pX"W"t{Q\"u{O" W"p\": $$ 50 $$
Bu
UP EP Pshu. (50)
{p\"u wpZpp O"{QO"ZG"S"u1 @sO_"S"T"Zp

_"Zpu^"p BppY"pz {BpqZpE"qZO"u 2{\"_X"Y"\"O"r $
`Zp{`WY"pu W"rO"p _"Z{_"`_"pvW"pBY"G"S"S"r3
_"A"r^"s _X"uZp O"u X"{Y" G"S"{S"4 {>: _"@Npp $$ 51 $$
] a[Pz uvu| 1 Sz
P[P Q\\u 2 w >
u U|} 3
R u |{ zi: 4 Pn >> 51
1. X"sA"u P,
2. S"Y"S"u ||;
3. G"{Y"S"r }
4. G"Y"{O" v
u & |{= u!, ]=]hzv, a[P Bz = ][P

P]uP, uz Cu |= (P) Az u hzv, Sz|=
A PshuP, P[P = P[Ph Pk P
66
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 51
PshuP, Q\ \u (||)= ]x |h (),

w = uP, : = ] x Phzv,
u= uuP, U |}= u Uzu
EshUSuP, R = uPh Pa] EuP E, u
zi= E , Pn = Gh Pn EuP Ex.
a[P n, APn zv:, uP ,
nh, u| z, zPn G u |[P {
PzuUP.
bX"rR"Zp
{p\"u _"Qp{p\"u, wpZpp wpZuNp wpZ_"uS" pp plO"p, O"{QO"ZG"S"u O"_X"pO"o
_"Qp{p\"pO"o O"ZG"S"u O"{^"Y"u @sO_"S"T"Zp V"rW"O_"Z_"p{\">p $ e" @sO_"S"z V"rW"O_"Z_"p_\"pQS"G"SY"pSO":@ZNpX"s@s rW"p\": @pY"@pZNpY"puZW"uQSu " Z_"O\"uS"puT"E"qZO": $ _"Zpu^"p
ZpvZ_"p{\">p, Zpu^"_Y" _P"p{Y"W"p\"_Y" Z_"O\"pu{T"E"pZpO"o $ BppY"pz _"T"OSY"p{X"{O"
pu^": $ {BpqZpE"qZO"u {e"T"sZ{\"G"Y"pQpv, {\"_X"Y"\"O"r lO"Z_"p{\">p,> {BpqZpS"Y"S"u {O"
T"pK>u O"wO"rY"S"Y"S"uS"v\" X"SX"P"Q`S"z, O"ppS"Y"S" \" QpS"rz _"p@tO"QpS"{X"OY"sO"{X"{O"
RY"uY"X"o $ `Zp{`WY": `Z_Y" T"ZX"u"Z_Y" {`WY": _"T"uW Y":, W"rO"p W"Y"Z_"p{\">p,
_"Z{_"`_"pvW"pBY"G"S"S"r _"Z{_"`pNppz _"pvW"pBY"z Z{X"p O"_Y" G"S"S"r OT"p{Q@p
@pu@S"Q@p[SO":, Z\"Npp \"rZZ_"p{\">Ou Y"P": $ e" S"sW"p\"uS" S"Y"S"Z{X"np \"rZZ_"pu
R\"{S"O": $ _"A"r^"s \"Y"_Y"p_"s _X"uZp _O"VR"@S"r{S"@p, e"pTY"S"sW"p\"uS" `p_Y"Z_"pu R\"SY"O"u $
O"u O"\", X"{Y" G"S"{S" ! ù X"pO": ! {>: _"@Npp @Npp_"p{\">p $$ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p ù
G"S"{S" ! O"u {>: {p\"u wpZpp, O"{QO"ZG"S"u @sO_"S"T"Zp, BppY"pz _"Zpu^"p, {Bp{ZpE"qZO"u
{\"_X"Y"\"O"r, `Zp{`WY"pu W"rO"p, _"Z{_"` _"pvW"pY"G"S"S"r, _"A"r^"s _X"uZp, X"{Y" _"@Npp $
e" T"Z_T"Z{\"pS"pz Z_"pS"pz @e" S"Y"S"u _"X"p\"up@P"S"pO"o {\"ZpuR"p>pZ: $ \"_P"pW"uQSu "
T"qZ`pZpO"o O"_Y" {\"ZpuR"_Y" pW"p_"O\"X"o $ O"b"Npz {\"ZpuR"pW"p_"pu {\"ZpuR": {O" $
{\"{@Y"pG"S"@p \" Z_"p {O" >pv Z_"p: $ W"ZO"X"O"u ppSO"_Y" {S"{\"@pZO\"p" ppSO"z
X"u{S"Zu Z_"X"o $ {O" ppSO"_Y" Z_"O\"pW"p\"pO"o >p\"u\" Z_"p__"w`rO"p: $$ 51 $$
u
u! E ]h ][P P]x. h
Ax. \UPzv P[Ph Pshx. ]x
|h x. (Q\| G hsk.) u Gzu
Psn Eh Pu Psk Pxx. ]x Bn u
Z{_"@p {>: - US
67
AoQmh Ph kx. uP Uzu

Au ]x Pshx. u uPh ]U
Pmkx. i \x. G Jh uu
[Pzx E E. Gh E Gx
hu. Cu [P Eh Ezv k
EshUS. \u Pzvh kPmhux. Ax Ax
C. (51)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
{p\"u {O" $ {p\"u wpZpp wpZZ_"p{\"W"p\"_"X"s{_"O"{\"W"X"{S"W"Zp, O"{QO"ZX"sA"u
{p\"p{QO"Zu V""pQY"pu X"sA"z T"R"pS"p Y"_Y" O"[_X"S"o _"X"_O"u&{T" pu@u {\"S"p{pO\"uS"
@sO_"S"pG"{S"O"-V"rW"O_"Z_"\"O"r $ O"P"p E" V""pQrS"pz {\"S"p{pO\"z {\"qZ{": T""O\"z
(pu@u 26) {O" T"u T"@p{pO"X"o $ P"\"p {p\"uO"ZpNppz X"sA"u^"s O\"Bpp{QR"pO"s{S"{X"O"O\"uS"
{\"{E"{@O_"p{\"V"pu{R"O"-V"rW"O_"Z_": $ X"sA"u {O" G"pO"p\"u@\"E"S"X"o $ P"\"p {p\"uO"ZX"sA"u
@QY"O"p{\"W"p{\"O"V"rW"O_"Z_"puSX"u^"p $ _"Zpu^"p BppY"pz _"pT"Y"W"p\"pO"o @{O"@puR"pu{QO"ZpvZ_"p $ {BpqZpS"Y"S"u @\"E"S"O\"pO"o W"pS"Y"S"X"_"pR"pZNpX"ppuY" {\"_X"Y"pup{_"O"plO"Z_"p $ `Zp{`WY"pu W"rO"p @>Npp{QW"t^"NprW"tO"_"ÙNpp{QS"pBppS"ppuY", @P"X"Y"z
@NK>u {\"^"z R"f"u {O" Bppe"u^"s {\"^"R"Zp{O"W"Y"p{\"W"p{\"O"W"Y"pS"@Z_"p $ _"Z{_"`_"pvW"pBY"G"{Y"S"r T"BpO"_"pvW"pBY"G"Y"prO"Y"p T"pOu _"p`puQ{"O"\"r Z_"p $ _"A"r^"s _X"uZp, _"{A" !
@P"Y" @ppu&S"sZpBp: O"\" {p\"u, {p\"_Y" E" O\"{Y" @{Bp{O" _"A"r\"E"S"p@NpS"puT"S"rO"X"SQ[_X"O"pu{QO"`p_Y"ZZ_"p $ X"{Y" G"Y"{O" {>: _"@Npp, Y"z X": _"S"o
Ql:A"r W"\"O"r{O" _"pS"sBp`puSX"rO"@NpZ_"p {O" wpZp>Z_"G"sp> $ ppSO"_O"s S"\"X"pu Z_"pu
S"u` T"{O"T"p{QO": $ {p\"{\"^"Y"@wpZZ_"T"pR"pSY"pQS"sT"Y"s: $ O"P"p E" QpT"@X"o S"
Y"e" Ql:A"z S" _"sA"z S" {E"SO"p S" u^"ZpBppv S" E" @p{E"{QEF>p $ Z_": _" ppSO": @{P"O"pu
X"sS"rSv: _"\"u^ "s W"p\"uû "s pX"T"R"pS": $ {O" $ {\"pu^"O": pwpZ{\"ZpuR"rqO" $ S"S"s Y"e" {W""Z_"p
{>BpO"p \"NY"SO"u O"e" {>W> "uQSu " \"NpS"rY"p: $ Y"P"p @z RY"pS"{S"X"rS"pSX"s@s {O"z
E"b"s{O"rY"z T"sS": T"p\"OY"p \"QS"pXV"sG"_O"S"O"J>u wpZW"pZp_"X"o $ SY"QoQZm q\"@w>E"pT"X"QS"@puR"pS"pur{T"O"z pXW"pu{W""Z_"z _"X"p{R"_"X"Y"u S"ue"e"Y"z T"pO"s \": $$ {O" $ P"\"p
@uS"pbNpp T"{\"O"O"^"p \"r{b"O"z \Y"puX"_"z_P"z W"pS"pu{V"XV"z _"G"s{O"uS"pT"ZuNp _\"@pSO"X"o $
F>Qu u Q{Y"O"{\"Z`pp{>S"r E"@\"p@ pv _">rNppv ZE"Y"{O" Z_"pv S"O"@\" T"BpW"p $$
{O" $ O"_X"pQu@{>BpO"p S"pS"pZ_"p S" \"NpS"rY"p {O" $ _"OY"X"o $ Y"e" _"X"T"pR"pSY"z Z_"pS"pz
68
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 51
O"e"v\" {R"@pu BpsNpW"uQ: $ Y"e" T"sS": _"X"T"pR"pSY"z S"p[_O", @_Y"v\" X"sAY"O"p, SY"u^"pz
O"OT"pu^"@O\"z, O"e" S"pY"z Qpu^": $ T"@w O"u pwpZu Z{O"T"pR"pSY"T"{O"T"pQS"pO"o O"_Y"v\" X"sAY"O"p $
O" \" puO Y"sX"o $ @Qp{T" O"_Y"p: ppu@pu S"p_O"r{O" $ SY"u \"rZZ_"pQY": O"_Y"
T"pu^"@p: $ O"_X"pQe" S"pY"z Qpu^": $ Y"P"p_"@puR"p Qp@SR"Zu, _"@Npp O"_Y"pS"sG"u, _"[_X"O"p
T"pOu Upu E" \"S"pv@_"pz, _"@sO"s@p Y"s,u _"{S"SQpXV"sR"pv $ _"p"Y"p `S"sX"O@wO"u, _"E"{@O"p
V""pS\"Y"puEF>Qu S"u, _"puBu pp Q{Y"O"p_X"wO"pv, X"s@s {O"p ZpX"_Y" {>: [_P"O"p $$ {O" _"puBu pp
P" E" X"s@s {O"p [_P"O"p {O" {\"pu^"Npe"Y"X"{`X"np Q{Y"O"p_X"ZNppS"SO"Zz S" @{"Qo>\u Y"pT"pZpu G"pO":, _O"XW"pAY"_"p[f\"@-W"p\"pu&W"tO"o $ O"uS" {\"T"XW" wpZ_Y" T"pR"pSY"z
SY"u @puR"pQY"[_O"Zpu{Ò"p: $ O"P"p{T" ZpvV"rW"O_"pv wpZ{\"Zpu{R"S"r @P"X"e"u{O"
p>S"rY"X"o $ @{\"^"Y"O\"u Y"z Qpu^": pdY"W"uQu S" Qpu^": $ T"@w O"u wpZ{\"^"Y"pu&SY":,
G"sBpsT_"p{Q{\"^"Y": SY": {O" S" Qpu^": $ O"P"p QpT"@u @puS"T""ppQX"r {` W"p\"p
Y"sp {S"V"p: T"qZT"pu^"Y"[SO" $ p_Y"X"pvBRY"z X"ZNpz G"sBpsT_"p O"_Y"pdY"pv S" {\"{X">X"o
{O" $$ 51 $$
Uzu &
u! E Pu P] |ux. Pu . |n, B\
G Gsn[P {ux. ]zu UTi. u
G u\ Psh Eh zv {.
Gv Pmk. Au A E US. P[Ph
zv Pmk. ]x x Psq u x Aa \x Psk
(Q\||) ; ]x AoP Eu x GU Psk,
zu Pzv Psk ; u Uzu
(Pk) Psk Au PQ B (). uP
""]h E Pu G{ Ex? ]x Pu Cuu?'' GU
PmP |n Pu ] & Q ]; Gh PmkQ
Pn G[P Azu Pnu kzxQx. (\u G
J Esk. x, C, P, , ,
uzuu B\ A { \u. Au Pzv Pn
Pmh Cx. Au Au En C.) uzv
] oUP J Pu & vzv (v) J
PsSux. v Pzv Csh Ps {zux. x y
{ ux Pu HQ uh ux. ]x v {
{u P G. v uzvx JPs P Psk
shzu E |USQx. u PuQ ]U
Pu P]h UQx. |[Sx Pu AQ CUP
Z{_"@p{>: - US
69
iu G HUP PQx. G. B A Pso .

C[P C PsP Jzu Czu Pn i? B
A uzuU Pm] HkQ. J .
J \ & nh P, n uh Pn,
Pzv ], SS, Phh CPa],
\ , \zv nv h
Av |kUP, C { Qa], u
|UQ PzxP Q. C[S u {
Gsn[P u uzx mh G
Qx. JUP skQ Gsn[P Pm]
Pshzv k C. (51)
NppX"pu{QS"r
P"v@_Y"p \" W"Bp\"O"r>Zu {R"@pZW"uQu Su " S"\"ZZ_"p\"p_"O"pz _"XW"p\"Y"{O" - {p\" {O" $
ù Qu{\", O"u S"\"Z_"p\"p_"W"tO"pY"p W"\"OY"p {>: \"rb"NpX"o $ {p\"pu \Y"pAY"pO":, O"[_X"S"o
_"X"_O"@Y"pNp-BpsNppR"pZu _"Qp{p\"u W"\"QS"sBp`VR"S"p{X"n $ wz T"pR"pSY"{X"Y"{O" Z_"u[^\"{O"
wpZ: $ T"pR"pSY"z E"puz R\"{S"@wO"p - wpZ \" X"R"sZ: T"ZT"pQ@pu Z_": $ O"SX"Y"z
@p\Y"X"p{dOY" X"pR"sY"| T"{O"{O">{O" {O" $ O"uS" _"@G"S"pS"SQ@SQb"X"@pX"X"t@uS"
_"zW"puBppOT"p{BpEF>p{\"pu^"b"NpZ{O"_P"p{Y"@uS" @J>pb"\"rb"Np`p\"W"p\"pS"sW"p\"uS" S"\"Z_"T"R"pS"uS" wpZpAY"uS" Z_"uS"pp plO"p wpZZ_"_"zT"wp W"\"O"rOY"P": $ wpZpVQpu&e"
ZOY"pAY"_P"p{Y"W"p\"T"Zpu \Y"pAY"uY": $ f"Ze" _P"p{Y"W"p\"pS"pX"u\" {S"T"Npp{Q{O" $
O"_X"p{QO"Z_O"{QO"Z: _" E"p_"pv G"S"" O"{QO"ZG"S": O"[_X"S"o {p\"pQSY"[_X"S"o {p\"u, G"S"u
T"wP"BG"S"u $ X"sA"u {O" T"pK>u O"QSY"X"sA"u, @sO_"S"T"Zp G"sBpsT_"p_"p {O" V"rW"O_"Z_"pu{: $
G"sBpsT_"pY"p: V"rW"O_"_P"p{Y"O\"pO"o $ O"uS" T"p{O"\"OY"p{O"pY": _"t{E"O": $ O"P"p BppY"pz
{p\"{pZpu&\"[_P"O"pY"pz _"T"Y"pz _"Zpuû "p Zpu^"uNp @puR"uS" _"{Ò"u{O" ZpvZ_"pu{: $ Zpu^"_Y"
Zpv_P"p{Y"O\"pO"o $ O"P"p {BpqZp_Y" T"ZX"u"Z_Y" {BpZpv puO" {O" \Y"sOT"fY"p T"p\"O"rY"O\"uS"
@p{K>SY"zz _"pX"PY"pW"p\"" _"tEY"O"u $ O"_Y" E"qZO"u {QBpXV"ZO\"E"X"pXV"ZO\"p\"W"_X"{\"uT"S"O\"p{QT"u _\"X"{`X"puT"VR"{e"T"sZ_"sSQZp{QT"u \"p {\"_X"Y"\"O"r p"Y"\"O"r{O"
lO"Z_"pu{: $ {\"_X"Y"_Y" lO"_P"p{Y"O\"pO"o $ {BpqZpS"Y"S"u{O" T"pK>u {BpqZp_Y" S"Y"S"u
X"QS"Qp{Ò"qZ \"{T"u S"ue"u {\"_X"Y"\"O"rOY"P": $ {O"\"vZpBY"T"@ppS"pY" T"sZp Qp{Ò"X"QS"u&T"rQpS"rz [_X"S"o O"QlOT"{f"ùO\"S"sW"p\"QpS"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ S"uS" ppSO"Z_"pu{: $
O"P"p `Zp{`WY": {p\"W"t^"NprW"tO"_"T"uW Y"pu W"rO"p e"_O"p $ W"t^"NpO"pY"pX"{T" QlQX "{\"^"p{"-
70
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 51
{QBR"pS"pz O"u^"pz W"rùO"sO\"p{Q{O" W"Y"pS"@Z_"pu{: $ W"Y"_Y" W"Y"pS"@_P"p{Y"O\"pO"o $ O"P"p

_"Z{_"`pNppz T">u `pNppz, D>pT"pu: _"zc"pEF>SQ_"puV"`
l X"o {O" _\": $ _"pvW"pBY"z _"sW"BpO\"z
Bp{_"SR\"SO"u OY"p{QS"p W"Y"T"Q\"w{: $ G"Y"O"r{O" _"u{O" \"rZZ_"pu{: $
G"Y"_Y"puO_"p`X"t@O\"pf"_Y" E" \"rZ_P"p{Y"O\"pO"o $ O"P"p _"A"r^"s _"X"pS"T"pNpp_"s \"Y"_Y"p_"s
_X"uZp X"SQX"R"sZO\"p{QBpsNppr`p_"{\"pu^"\"O"r $ T"qZ[EF>"{\"^"Y"z X"SQz X"R"sZX"rqZO"X"o $
_UsZQW"Tt "bX"O"pZz Y"f"O_X"uZ{X"{O" @PY"O"u $ {O" b"NppO"o $ {O" `p_Y"Z_"pu{: $ _X"uZ_Y"
`p_"C"{J>O"O\"pO"o O"_Y" E" `p_Y"_P"p{Y"O\"pO"o $ O"P"p ù G"S"{S" ! W"G"S"p\"S"Qr{b"O"u X"pO": !
Qu{\" ! X"{Y" W"G"S"u _\"[_X"S"o W"Bp\"OT"pQp{W"R"pS" OY"P": $ @Npp QY"p O"Y"p _"{Ò"p
_"@Npp QY"pZ_"plO"u{O" @NppZ_"pu{: $ G"Y"O"r{O" pu^": $ G"Y"O"r{O" T"pK>u _"zV"s{T"QX"RY"p`pY"X"o $ e" wpZ`p_Y"@NppZpv\"rZW"Y"pS"@p: $ V"rW"O_"plO"ppSO"pAY"p
Z_"p S"\" _"X"rqZO"p: $ {O" \"E"S"puT"pf"S"\"Z_"_P"p{Y"S"pz Z{O"`p_"" ppu@" @puR"puO_"p`pv
W"Y"z O"P"p $ G"sBpsT_"p{\"_X"Y"pX"p: _P"p{Y"W"p\"p: T"@{O"O"p: $ OY"spS"pz ZOY"p{QW"p\"pS"pz
{S"V"SR"S"pO"o W"Bp\"O"r>_u O"f"Q{R"@pqZW"uQSu " _"\"Z_"X"Y"O\"pu{pZp {p\"p{Q_"pR"pZNY"uS"
W"u _\"[_X""{T" {S"ZSO"Z@NppX"Y"O\"X"sX"o $
e" _"G"pO"rY"v{\"G"pO"rY"vZ{O"Z_@wO"X"t{O"X"pS"o $ Y"p\"_"z \"O"X"pS": _P"pY"rW"p\"
QpO": $ {O" QpT"@puu __"G"pO"rY"{\"G"pO"rY"pS"{W"W"tO"O"Y"p Y"p\"QS"sW"\"p\"_P"pS"
b"Np_P"p{Y"O\"C"{J>O"_Y", {\"W"p\"vZS"sW"p\"v" _"p[O\"@v\Y"{W"E"pqZ{W": $ pS"rY"X"pS":
_\"pQlO\"z _P"pY"rW"p\"pu Z_": _X"wO": $ OY"sb"Np_Y" Z_"_Y", T"@pppS"SQ{E"mT"Z_"O"pz
T"{O"T"O"u $ T"@w ^Y"X"pNppu Y"pu W"p\": _" _P"pY"r{O" {S"BpO"u OY"su : _P"pY"rW"tO"ZOY"p{Q
W"p\"p\Y"{O"Zu@pO"o T"R"pS"pS"pz O"u^"pX"u\"pe" {S"T"Npz @wO"{X"OY"\"BpSO"\Y"X"o $ S" E" wpZV"rW"O_"Z_"pv O"P"p \"rZW"Y"pS"@pv$ ZpvplO"pv O"P"p `p_Y"@Nppv \"vqZNppv {X"P": $
{O"\"E"S"pO"o {W""puT"p{R"@O\"uS" T"Z_T"Z{\"pS"pz Z_"pS"pX"u@e" _"X"p\"up{\"ZpuR": pzY": $
Z_"pS"pz T"Z_T"Z{\"ZpuR"u&{T" @{\"T"pMv p> {u _"X"pdY"NpuS"v@e" _"X"p\"uppu S" {\"RY"O" {O"
{\"pS"pP"puu : $ Qu\Y"p pv{@@X"{`X"O\"uS" \"p O"QlT"T"f"u:$
P"\"p
wpZ_Y"u\"uO"ZZ_"pS"pX"{T"
{e"\"BppuT "Y"pu{BpO\"pOT"Z_T"Z_"pv`pQX"_OY"u\"u{O"
@u^"p{"SX"O"uS" S" {\"ZpuR": $ Y"P"puz W"p\"T"@ppu - Y"P"p @pX"puT"Y"puBY"e" wpZpu Y"O"u
Z_": $ P"puT "Y"puBpr \"rZ: _Y"ppvpu&{T" _Y"pO"o {E"O{E"O"o $$ Zb"pT"uNp R"X"pP"puT "Y"puBpr
@Nppu W"\"uO"o $ lO"pu&{T" X"S":T"r{O"@ZO\"pO@pXY"_"pRY"@wO"o$ O"Y"pS"@V"rW"O_"`p_Y"p:
@pY"u^ "s Y"pu{G"O"p: $ O"f""uO"wX"S"pu\"w{f"-\"ppOT"pY"{\"BpBpp: $ {O" $ Y"{T" Z_":
Z{_"@p {>: - US
71
_"\"pu& {T" _"zT"tNp[_O"ZpuR"f"u Z_"pSO"ZX"o {O" \"E"S"pQu@ \" Z_": T"O"rY"O"u, O"P"p{T"
X"`p@{\"T"{_"p Z_"_"z@Zpu&TY"_O"r{O" {\"pS"pP"p{Q{W": _"puQp`ZNpX"sz , S" O"e"
{\"\"pQ: $ X"`p@{\"T"Y"puBp" _"\"Z_"pS"pX"u@e" _"X"p\"upT"pu Y"O"u $ Y"P"p wpZ{O"@u wpZr {BpqZG"pS"S"u _"@Nppu ZOY"pz T"\"rZ: _X"Zu V"rW"O_"pu&[_P"{W"OUNpr E"
W"Y"@wSX"tOY"pOl "_O"sY"p $ Zpvpu Qb"{\"X"QS"u E" `_"@w"": T"ppSO"{"ZpO"o OP"z
_"\"Z_"pOX"@: T"psT"{O"W"tY "pO_"O"pz W"tO"Y"u $$ {O" $ {BpqZpE"qZO" OY"S"uS" \"vZpBY"puO"@uS"
ppSO"Z_"_Y" _"zBp`p"\"p{T" Z_"p {S"{T"O"p: $ Y"f"tz bX"rR"Zu, W"ZO"X"O"u
ppSO"Z_"_Y"pS"r@pZpO"o, S" ppSO"z X"u{S"Zu Z_"z {O" O"_Y" _"O\"pW"p\"pQ>p\"u\" Z_"p:
_"zBpw`rO"p: _"{O" O"pSO"puf"ZX"o $ Z{O"`p_"" ppu@" OY"p{QS"p >pv _P"p{Y"S":
T"qZBpNpYY" E" pVQuS" pp[SO"Z_"_P"p{Y"S"z pX"z _"tE"Y"O"pu W"ZO"X"sS"uZ{W"T"pY"{\"Qpz S"\"Z_"T"b"z
O"ZQm^"NpT"t\"@z {_"pSO"r@wOY" bY"b"Np{S"\"E"S"T"t\"@z ppSO"Z_"{S"T"Npp_"pS"pz
J>{\"pS"pP"pQrS"pX"_"zX"O"O\"pO"o $ S" ppSO"z X"u{S"Zu Z_"X"o OY"e"p{T" T"wEF>pX": $ {@z
ppSO"_Y" {S"W"ZpS"SQO\"pW"p\"pO"o S" Z_"O"p? {@z \"vO"QSY"u^\"SO"W"p\"pO"o ? S"S"s {e"{\"R"pu
\"rZ:, QpS"\"rZ:, R"X"\"rZpu Y"s\"rZ"u{O" $ O"e" R"X"\"rZu&SO"W"p\" {O" \"pEY"X"o $
`X"u\"z{\"R": OY"sO_"p`pT"ZT"Y"pY"p{W"X"pS"X"Y"pu \"rZ:, _"\"p`p>ZT"pX"S"v@T": ppSO":
{O" O"_Y" O"e"pSO"W"p\"pW"p\"pO"o $ {\"_O"Z_O\"_X"O@wO"Z_"O"Z{Npr{\"V"sR"pX"pu{QSY"pX"S"s_"SR"uY": $ T"QpSO"ZuNp O"pW"u O"Q{\"E"pY" {S"R"pZNppT"t\"@_"zBp`Nppu{Z{T" {E"SOY"p $
Y""puX"pd{X"{W":, wpZ{\"Zpu{R"O\"pO"o ppSO"pu S" T"Y"s {O", O"Q{T" {E"SOY"X"o $
O"{Zpu{R"O\"_Y"
V"rW"O_"p{Q_"pR"pZNpO\"uS" O"{"T"NppS"P"Y"pT"f"u: $ \"J>Y"b"SY"pY"uS"
BpO"pS"sBpOY"p _"X"pBpO"\"rZp{QZ_"T"{_"{{S"Zp_"T"t\"@z wpZT"@pp@pZX"O"p\"XV"uS" O"_Y"v\"
{S"T"NprY"O\"T"_"u", _X"QlZrOY"p {\"ZpuR"T"qZ`pZp" $ O"pu S"\"Z_"T"b"
\"pE"pY"{W"X"O": $ O"e" E" Qu\"r>:u _"pp\"@p{@z wpZ@NpZZ_"X"Y"O\"z \Y"pAY"pO"sz
_\"T"QuS"p{W"R"pS"X"o $ O"ZZ_"pS"pz @pQp{E"O@O"pz {W"R"pO"sz _P"p{Y"{W"Z{W"R"pS"{X"{O"
Z`_Y"X"o $ e" Z_"\"Q>pZ: $$ 51 $$
Anv
(UP EPu. ] PzxUP C &) ] J
zv Bh {, uh, \a\ _x, G zv
vuP Pn ([P) uP Cx G. Cv EUS
u AU i Ps Uzu Gzux. Cx
Pu P]x u Q G . uPh
72
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 51
& Smh z uh _x, _x, C

| x Psh Psh, Qsh, Au ]
Czu uPh E PmkQx. Cu Pz u \[P
G wh Pshx. ]h Cu Jx [PU Pn
G ][P vP T ""P PzuU Pshx ][P, u
vh Pn, uh S, G ,
(C Aou) [P. Eu UP .
u AUP z, Bh Pzv ]UPa \. uhx
AqP |P BP \u Ci Jx [P kzxQ _v
|US | [Pmk'' G (A[P \v Ba] UP
SvUS UP uh.) (51)
pS"SQ{BpZrY"p
@pQprX"p` {p\"u {O" $ ù G"S"{S" X"{Y" O"\" {>: _"@Npp_O"s $ @NpY"p _"`
\"O"X"pS"p $ Y"z X"QrY"pu G"S": _"z_"pZQp\"pS"QX"pS"pu Ql:A"r{O" X"pX"srbY" ppu@_"X"sp{_"O"@NppZ_"p $ T"{O"O"puR\"T"sJp> _"pp _O"pu@X"SP"ZO"pZ@p _"pS"sBp`p {>: @NppZ_"p{Q{O" $ {@zb"Npp? {p\"u wpZpp {p\"X"srbY" Z{O"W"p\"S"Y"p wpZZ_"p_"p {BR"p
@pSO"uOY"P": $ p\"O"r Y"p _"s{\"@ppp{O"{S"X"p $ _"sW"bt "uT"@J>pb"p E" @pSO"p
X"SX"P"\"{R"S"r $ {\"@pp{BR"X"R"sZp E"O"sZu QR"O"r W"\s "pv $ @J>p{b"Npr _"p{W"p^"p {>:
{BR"p{W"R"rY"O"u $ O"{QO"ZX"sA"u @sO_"S"T"Zp $ O"_X"pO"o {p\"pO"o Y" O"Zu S\"NppQY":, O"u^"pz
X"sA"u uû X"X"uQpuX"pz_"QlBpSR"V"ù @sO_"S"T"Zp $ @sO_"S"z {S"SQS"z V"rW"O_"p O"OT"Zp V"rW"O_"Z_"\Y"{"@p $ G"sBps[T_"O"p OY"P": $ _"z@pu{E"O"T"sJp> b"pX"p {>X"r{O"O"pZ@p $
b"puu ppO_"X"s{"p G"sBpsT_"pY"pz G"sBps[T_"O"u{O" $
T"sS": {@zb"Npp, _"Zpu^"p BppY"pz, _\"_\"p{X"X"s@s J>X"NL>puT"qZ \"O"X"pS"pz
_"T""rX"ppuY" _"p_"tY"p $ E"{@O"{T"sJp> _O"VR"O"pZ@puOT""pu{Ò"p $ b"p W"@s s {J>W"rO"puBpp
@puR"{>QpO"u{O" $ {@S"Y"S"u&{O"{\"_X"Y"\"O"r $ _"zW"p{\"O"u X"pùSG"p{@[T"O" \"
T"QpP"u, pJ>puE"S"u _""pO"plO"Z_"p $ Y"p O\"p@s{"O"T"bX"pBpp _"p"Y"pOl "O"pZ@p $
_"pvXY"p {\"@p{_"O"pSO"p E" {\"_X"Y"p {>qZ^Y"O"u $ e" {BpqZpS"Y"S"u OY"{T" T"{K>O"X"o $
O"P"p{T" puE"S"X"u\" \Y"pAY"uYu "X"o $ T"sS": {@z{\"R"p? `Zp{`WY"pu W"rO"p, `Z[SO" T"Y"z @s\"[SO"
`Zp:, O"u E" O"u&`Y"", pW"ZNpW"tO"p: pu^"pQY":, O"uWY"pu W"rO"p W"Y"pS"@Z_"p@sp $
{\"_UpqZO"puW"Y"T"sJp> W"Y"@[XT"O"O"pZ@p $ {S"^@pSO"X"RY"p [^J>_O"s W"Y"W"p\"u W"Y"p[S\"O"p $
Z{_"@p {>: - US
73
T"sS": {@z{\"R"p? _"Z{_"`_"pvW"pBY"G"{Y"S"r, _"Z{_"`_"pvW"pBY"z T"{O"W"J>X"p@YY" O""Y"pP"|

S"Y"{\"S"Y"T"Zp@X"p{T"O"pT"p{Q{W"OT"p{QO"\"rZpuO_"p`p $ pvQpY"_P"vY" BppXW"rY"X"pR"sY"{O"pSY"{T" $ O"uG": ppuW"p{\"p_"pz" _"O\"W"uQp[S\"\"wN\"O"r $ E""p {\"@{_"O"p BpXW"rZp
_"X"O"pqZ@p $ Qr"p E"p@s{"O"pT"pp \"rZ{>QpO"p $ T"sS": {@zb"Npp? _"A"r^"s _X"uZp $
T"pO": @L>pBpw`pQpBpOY" QSO"b"O"p{S"p{Q_"sZO"{E"pup{_"O"Bppe"E"XT"@O"pz T"\"O"T"{O"T"se"rz
O"pz T"p\"O"rX"\"puY" _"s{BR"u _"A"rG"S"u _"pvW"pBY"pC"S"\Y"pG"uS" T"qZ`_"{O" _"{O", _\"Y"X"{T"
[_X"O"_"sSQZ\"QS"{\"SY"p_"ppu{W"O"pz {z> _"{A"^"s T"_"pZY"{O" _X" $ O"P"p E"p `{_"O"BpW"p E"
{\"pf"pZp{S"X"u{^"Npr $ {@{"Qp@s{"O"p >p {>`p_Y"u T"@{O"O"p $
e" T"P"X"E"ZNpu wpZV"rW"O_"pv, {O"rY"E"ZNpu ZpvplO"pv, O"wO"rY"u W"Y"pS"@\"rZpv,
E"O"sP"u `p_Y"@Nppv $ S"S"s Z_"pv wpZV"rW"O_"pv {X"P"pu \"rZW"Y"pS"@pv $ ZpvplO"pv O"P"p
`p_Y"@Nppv \"vqZNppv {X"P": {O" W"ZO"puu :, @P"z {\"z E"O"sY"Bs pX"u\"puT"SY"_O"X"o?
T"Z_T"Z{\"ZpuR"uS" @_Y"p{T" S"sQY"pO"o {O" E"uQEl Y"O"u _"OY"z, Y"{T" wpZV"rW"O_"pQu:
T"Z_T"Z\"vZ,z O"P"p{T" T"ZX"u"ZrpZrZX"p`pOXY"uS" {\"Y"puZ{T" {\"ZpuR"OY"pBpuS" T"Z_T"ZpuT"@pZ@O\"X"\"XVY" T"ZX"u"ZrpZrZ{S"\"p_"_"sA"puT"W"puBp: $ pdY"puT"W"puBp_"sA"puW"uS" \"vqZNpp\"{T"
\"vZz OY"G"O": $ O"Qlz X"`p@p\Y"u - {\"`pY" \"vZz T"sZpXV"ZpZr {\"`pZ_"pX"pGY"_"sA"pY" S"tS"X"o $
BpsNppS"sZpBpp{Q\" Y"_Y" Quù _\"T"X"pZpuT"Y"O": _X" _"pb"pO"o $$ {O" $ dtY"O"u {` X"`p@p\Y"u
T"sZpNpu E" X"`pX"sS"rS"pX"pBpX"u OY"\"vZp: {_"z`ppQm
pQY"pu Bp\"p{QS"p _"` W"X"SO"r{O" $ S"S"s
O"P"p{T" _"\"u Z_"p: T"p\"O"rpZrZu @P"X"u@_"X"Y"u OT"SO"u? {\"W"p\"\Y"{W"E"pqZ_"p[O\"@v:
_"Q_Y"Z_"S"rY"O"pz S"rO": _P"pY"rW"p\"pu Z_": $ _P"pY"rW"p\"" {\"vZ{\"v\"p W"p\"v:
{\"[EF>O"u S" Y": $ pOX"W"p\"z S"Y"OY"SY"pS"o _P"pY"r\" \"Npp@Z: {O" {\"p{\"W"p\"p\Y"\"EF>
u O\"u _"{O" _"\"e" _\"pOX"O"pQpOXY" _"zT"pQ@pu ZOY"p{QW"p\": $ O"P"p
E"v@[_X"S"o Z_"u OT""u O"_Y" _P"p{Y"S"p _"\"e"pOX"W"p\"u _"zT"p{QO"u O"Qv\" @P"z Z_"pSO"Z_P"pY"r
VR"p\"@pp:? S"p{T" Z_": _"zY"puBpc"pS"p{Q\"Q\Y"pTY"\"O"r, Y"uS"p\"EF>Qu W"uQSu "pTY"u@pdY"O"p
_Y"pO"o $ O"Qlz Y"pu&P"pu QY"_"z\"pQr O"_Y" W"p\"pu Z_"pu\": $ pZrZz \Y"pTY"O"u O"uS" ps^@@p>{X"\"p{"S"p {O" $ e" \"Q[SO" Z_"_"p>Y" pV"O"p p{W"p\"pu \"u{O" $ O"Q_"O"o $
{\"ZpuR"u _"{O" S"v@X"{T" T"pX"p{Np@X"o $ P" {E"e"Z_"pu&TY"{\"pWY"pX"{\"v\"p _P"p{Y"{W"ZpZWY"O"u {O" S" _"zW"\"O"r{O" $ T"Zu O"s e" wpZ \" Z_":, SY"u O"s O"OT"pu^"@p:
\Y"{W"E"pqZNp {O" $
74
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 51
\"_O"sO"_O"s Y"z pu@pu S"rZ_": $ e"p[_X"S"o pw&pZpQpv {S"TY"X"pNpu \Y"\"R"pS"uS"

O"{Zpu{R"S"pX"{T" {S"T"NppO"o $ Y"P"p Se"v: @[T"O"X"T"{O"_"Zp: r`_O"ZpuOT"\Y"puf"z_"W"wO": {T"S"{pZ_"pu OT"sNL>Zr@G"p $ O"p: ppu{NpO"T">@s lX> "G"s^": _"zW"tY"
@pSO"v: {T"V"SOY"[_P"u`_"sZpz @T"pE"^"@v: T"rO"p: {T"ppE"pS"p: $ P"\"p @pX"s@u
Z_"puOT"{f"T"Zz O"O"o, u"ZX"uO"O"o, O"uS" S" {\"ZpuR": $ T"ZSO"s T"ZX"u"Y"p {O"pY"pu S" WY"O"u $ S"S"s
O"P"p{T" drX"`pQu\"pZrZu _"T"@T"pE"X"pQ:u V"rW"O_"puOT"pQ@_Y" _"O\"pO"o @P"z T"p\"OY"p_O"e"
wpZ {O" E"uQEl Y"O"u $ e" _\"_\"p{X"_\"pW"p{\"@pW"ZNppS"pz _"T"pQrS"pX"{T" W"Y"V"rW"O_"p{\"W"p\"@O\"pW"p\"pO"o S" W"Y"pS"@V"rW"O_"pv $ S"WY"p_"QppT""p@[_X"@p@[T"O"_"T"ppQm
p{QQpS"_Y"v\" W"Y"p{Q{\"b"puW"@O\"pO"o $ SY"P"p OY"SO"pWY"p_"T"pJ>\"\"O"p
_"T"\Y"pC"p{QR"pqZNpp BpL>{\"Qp @Qp{E"Q{T" wpZpu S" _Y"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ T"p\"OY"p:
wpZpuQY"u S" @pu&{T" T"{O"V"SR": $ O" \"p_X"O@O"w@ X"{`X"n: _O"pue"u pJ>u
@pp{"BpZ@{Np@p @NK>@s `Zu @T"pz @NK>pR"pu W"Y"QW"sG"Bpp: @>NpT"Qu $ {S"O"XV"u E"X"u{ O"
{T"Y"\"T"s{^" ^>p{T" {@X"`pu qp\"pY"p: wpZpXV"s{R"Z{R"@X"sp_"X"BpX"{Q{O" $ {p\"u
wpZpu{ O" T"Z`_Y"pP": @pQpr {S"OY"p $ {p\"u \"pNpr wpZpp "pY"z,
O"{QO"ZX"sA"u Uzu Y"X"o $ @sO_"S" Vtz T"Zp @pvz _"Zpu^"p `mz BppY"pz puz {BpqZpE"qZO"u {S"OY"X"Q\"u
{\"_X"Y" Vtz $ e" O"s O"O@X"pu S"p[_O" $ uz rz Uzu tX"o @pvz pz z uz Vtz {S"OY"X"Q\"u `lz Uzu `rz $
S"rT"O"p{@S"r $$ 51 $$
BuQ
u! E G x Pnh hmk ""C Ga \u.
G Pmkzw iz x'', G Gh u
Pn EshPmk. C u, P]x, P \ Ax
A P]Q Pn Ah. ]h ][P
& Px Jh y UP, |h, B\ Qa]
Ga \Q C |mUPx. u uu G Ch
{h Ax & Ps A i \x CPQ . u
G u x Av u \UPzv G Ax. C xiUP,
P ]x sk Szvh, |UP Au kQx.
|hux |hxmhu CS, P u, E
u { . ]x x PsnU PsQ Cx.
h , C CP xi, u P Psh
kQx. u AP sk B,
|, o, U, B ha __ G E\P
Pmk. u vh EPsk Gx xPzu vh
Z{_"@p {>: - US
75
Qsh Psk _x, u, |nzxh PPh

Tia ]zx US. JUP smh US
CUP mh Jh UP Cu [P
|. uh C JPU Tku |UPi Hx. Cx
vx {z }uPU SUQ v, I 2,
B U I 3, {zuz 2 G. (51)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
{p\"u {O" $ ù {p\"u O"u {>: _"\"Z_"p[OX"@p {\"G"Y"O" {O" pu^": $ O"u O"\" $ {\"{pS"{>
{@z{\"R"p {>:, {p\"u W"Bp\"{O" W"O"qZ >u _"{O" wpZpp wpZZ_"uS" {"p $ e"
_"zY"swpZpu \"{NpO"pu W"\"{O" $ e" _"zY"s wpZu @pSO"p[^J>Z_"t{E" $ O"P"p{` {T"V"O"r\"
E" pp _"{\"@ppp {S"X"pds: _"sW"bt "uT"@J>pb"p_"pv @pSO"p X"SX"P"\"{R"S"r{O" $ O"u wpZpp
{>: W"Bp\"O"p W"\"uS" _"`pS"SQ{S"W"ZZ_"p, _"[_X"O"vY"QT"p{\"pu@S"vZS"_"p {\"G"Y"O"u {O"
_"zY"swpZpu \"{NpO"pu c"pO"\Y": $ `p_Y"{>X"\"O"pZY"{O" T"sS": {@z{\"R"p, _"A"r^"s _X"uZp
T"pSO"pR"ZZb"O"p{QQpS"_"X"Y"u ^"SO"QpS"pQR"Z_UsZNpu {\"@_"_X"uZp $ @Npp{>X"\"O"pZY"{O" T"sS": {@z{\"R"p, X"{Y" _"@Npp, X"QrY"pu&Y"z Ql:A"p{W"W"tO" {O" @Npp $ P" Zpvpz
{>X"\"O"pZY"{O" BppY"pz _"Zpu^"p, BppQpS"uS" _"T""rW"p\"pO"o @puR"puO"p $ P" \"rZX"\"O"pZY"{O", T"sS": _"Z{_"` _"pvW"pBY"G"{Y"S"r, _"Z{_"ù^"s @X"u^"s Y"O_"pvW"pBY"z O"_Y" G"{Y"S"r
G"Y"S"prp $ P" W"Y"pS"@X"\"O"pZY"{O" T"sS": `Zp{`WY"pu W"rO"p `ZBp{\"R"wO"_"T"uW Y":
E"{@O"uOY"P": $ P" V"rW"O_"X"\"O"pZY"{O", O"{QO"ZG"S"u @sO_"S"T"Zp, O"_X"pO_"Qp{p\"pO"o
O"Zpu Y"pu G"S": O"[_X"S>u _"{O" @sO_"S"T"Zp {S"SQS"T"Zp $ P"plO"X"\"O"pZY"{O" T"sS":
{BpqZpE"qZO"u {\"_X"Y"\"O"r X"rf"pZ@uOY"P": $ \"X">p\"u\" Z_"p \"{NpO"p: $ S"S"s ppSO":
@sO"pu S" \"{NpO": $ O"_Y"pS"{R"@pZO\"pO"o $ Y"P"p`lZpE"pY"p: @u O"s {S"{\"@pZO\"pO"o S"
ppSO"z X"u{S"Zu Z_"qX"{O" $ W"Bp\"OY"p [^J>_O"s X"`pQu\"_Y" pX"z {S"Y"EF>{u Q{O" S" ppSO"pu \"{NpO"
{O" $ pE"pY"p: _\"X"O"X"u\"pS"SO"Zz \"bY"[SO" T"sZpz W"uf"s{"f"T"pX"Z_"{\"p\"NpU {O" $
wpZ`p_Y"@NpZpv\"rZW"Y"pS"@p: $ V"rW"O_""plO""v\" ppSO""u{O" Z_"p S"\"u{O" $$
51 $$
uzw &
] Qkx x E . \u
Akzu _Pzv v ]zuh[Q CQ {USU PnQ PsP
G UP UQ. P Psh. (51)
76
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 51
T"QpP"E"[S@p
QpS"rz W"\"pS"r{>z wpZp{QZ_"p{\">O"Y"p _O"pv{O" $ {p\"u {O" $ ù G"S"{S", O"u O"\"
{>{\"G"Y"O"u {O" {@Y"pT"QX"RY"pOY" Y"puGY"X"o $ {\"G"Y"X"u\"p` Y"sBpT"O_"X"_O"Z_"p{\">O"Y"p
{p\"u wpZpp, wpZZ_"uS" Y"sp, O"{QO"ZX"sA"u {p\"uO"ZX"sA"u @sO_"S"z V"rW"O_"p O"OT"Zz
@O"\Y"z Y"_Y"p: _"p $ e" {p\"O"{QO"ZT"QpWY"pz drX"`pQu\"u @Y"pNpT"u wpZZ_"puQY":,
O"{QO"ZT"s^"u X"T"u E", V"rW"O_"puQY" {E"O" \"u{O" _"tEY"O"u $ e" {p\"u OY"pQpv _""X"r
{\"^"Y"u $ BppY"pz _"T""rO\"pO_"Zpu^"u{O" ZpvZ_"p{\"^@pZ: $ {BpqZpE"qZO"u {BpZpv T"\"O"u puO"
{O" {BpqZp_O"_Y" E"qZO"u X"ppS"\"p_"pQpv X"T"_Y"pY"X"X"\Y"\"`pZ OY"P":,
{\"_X"Y"\"O"rOY"lO"pu Z_": $ `Z_Y"p`Y"pu W"t^"NpT"p_O"uWY"pu W"rO"u{O" W"Y"pS"@pu Z_": $
_"Z{_"`_Y" _"pvW"pBY"z _"pvSQY"| O"_Y" G"Y"pu {\"O"u Y"_Y"p: _"p O"P"u{O" \"rZZ_": $ e"
O"OT"s^"T"t\"@ S"o T"OY"Y"pu {S"OY"Y"puBpp{W"T"pY"uNp $ O"O"" _"Qp {\"@{_"O"O\"uS" _"Qp&&S"SQ\"f"p _"t{E"O"p $ _"A"r^"s _X"uZp {O" `p_Y"Z_": $ X"Y"r{O" _O"puO"p Y": p>ZpE"pY"_O"[_X"S"o
_"@Npu{O" @Nppu Z_": $$ 51 $$
uzu\vP &
( EP u UP.) (51)
{L>[NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
{p\"u X"`pQu\"u pwpZpp, wpZZ_"uS" _"Z_"p, O"{QO"ZX"sA"u X"`pQu\"\Y"{O"qZpS"pz
T"s^"pNppz X"sA"u @sO_"S"T"Zp C"wNppT"Zp, S"uS" V"rW"O_"Z_"pu \"{NpO": $ BppY"pz {BpqZpG"J>pG"tJ\> "{O"SY"pz X"SQp{@SY"pz _"Zpu^"p Zpu^"Y"sp $ S"uS" ZpvZ_"pu \Y"pAY"pO": $ X"`pQu\"_Y"
E"qZO"u, E"X"pXV"Z - p\"W"_X"uT"S"-X"ppS"\"p_"-W"sG"BpW"t^"Np-W"tO"T"Ou "p{QT"qZ\"pZ@ZNpp{Q
pu@{\"E"up> OX"@u {p\"_Y"pE"pZu {\"_X"Y"\"O"r lO"Z_"Y"sp $ `Zp{`WY": `Z_Y"
X"`pQu\"_Y" W"t^"Npr@wO"uWY": _"@ppprO"p $ S"uS" W"Y"pS"@Z_"pu \Y"pAY"pO": $ _"Z{_"`_"pvW"pBY"G"{Y"S"r _"Z{_"`pNppz @X"pS"pz _"pvW"pBY"_Y" @p[SO"{\"pu^"_Y" G"{Y"S"r
G"Y"prp $ S"uS" \"rZZ_"pu \Y"pAY"pO": $ _"A"r^"s G"Y"p{\"G"Y"pprBpNpu^"s _X"uZp [_X"O"BpsNp
Y"sp, S"uS" `p_Y"Z_"pu \Y"pAY"pO": $ _X"uZpVQu S"{X"@[XT"_XY"G"_"@X"{`_"QrT"pu Z:
OY"S"uS" _"te"uNp ZT"OY"Y": $ \"zW"tO"p O"\" [^J>X"{Y" _"@Npp W"\"O"s $ S"uS" @NpZ_"pu
\Y"pAY"pO": $ e" pu@u wpZpQrS"pX"^J>pS"pz S"pJZ_"pS"pz _"z_"pZS"pJ{S"Y"pu{BpO\"pO"o
X"`pS"J>rz T"@w {O"W">p{Z@pX"u\"p{dOY" \"w{f"p, ppSO"_Y" O"s S"\"X"_Y" Z_"_Y" T"V"puR"-
Z{_"@p {>: - US
77
E"S\Y"GY"X"pS"\"T"s^": _"z_"pZ_"sA"Ql:A"pS"sW"\"pOX"@V"`l{E"f"\Y"pb"uT"G"{S"O"uS" {S"\"uQ S"pX"np

_P"p{Y"W"p\"uS" _"O"O"X"sT"uO"_Y" _"@E"up> R\"z_"pOX"@_Y",{S"\"uQ \Y"{O"qZ_"\"_"z_"pZW"p\"Z{`
O"_Y", @T"_Y"pA"NL>pOX"@_Y" X"`pQu\"v@pdY"O\"pO"o W"Bp\"O"r{O" E"qZe"v@T"pe"u S"
T"{O"T"pQS"X"o $$ 51 $$
isi &
EP UP. (51)
BppuT"p_"sSQZr
{p\"u wpZpu{ O" {p\"u pXW"pv wpZZ_"uS"pp O"{QO"ZX"sA"u SY"Qu\"X"sA"u @sO_"S"T"Zp
S"uS" V"rW"O_"Z_": $ BppY"pz {p\"{pZ{_" \"O"X"pS"pY"pz _"pT"Y"pO"o _"Zpuû "u{O" ZpvZ_"pu
\Y"pAY"pO": $ {BpqZpE"qZO"u `Z_Y" T"Z_T"Z{\"pS"E"Sp{QR"pZNpT"u {\"_X"Y"\"O"r,
S"uS"plO"Z_": $ `Z_Y" {p\"_Y" {`WY"pu W"t^"NprW"tO"_"T"uW Y"pu W"rO"p W"Y"pS"@Z_"puT"uO"p $
_"Z_"r`pNppz @X"pS"pz _"pvW"pBY"_Y" G"{Y"S"r{O" \"rZZ_": $ _"A"r^"s {p\"pS"sZpBpp{QT""T"Zp_"s
_X"uZp, ^"p_Y"\"O"r, X"{Y" QrS"u _"@Npp @NpZ_"p{\">p O"u O"\" {>: G"Y"{O" $ G"Y"O"rOY"e"
G"S"S"r{O" T"pK>u ù G"S"{S" {O" _"XV"puR"S"X"o $ {\"^NpsT"b"u - {p\"u ppuW"S"u, BppuT"rG"S"u O"{QO"ZX"sA"u
ptT"NpA"p{QZpb"_"rX"sA"u, BppY"pX"S"\"ZO"z G"r\"pS"o S"pZpY"NpO"pz T"pT"Y"SOY"pz, {BpqZpE"qZO"u
@pX"W"_X"r@ZNp \"pX"p\"pX"puE"S"pR"pZNppQpv $ `Z[SO" G"r\"{X"{O" `Zp `Y": _"T"p:
@p{Y"pQY":, O"uWY"pu W"rO"p W"Y"p{W"S"Y"Y"sp $ W"rO"p OY"@pZT"û "pu \"p $ _"A"r^"s
bX"r_"A"r^"s $ G"S"{S" {>qZ{O" T"pK>u G"S"S"z G"SX" X"r^"pX"_O"r{O" G"r\"p: O"u^"s {>:
G"S"{S"{>: $ O"\"uOY"P": $ G"S"{S" X"Y"r{O" T"pK>u G"S"{S" {O" T"t\"\"O"o {\"^NppuZ\u " _"zV"puR"S"X"o $$
51 $$
Pu &
( u UP.) q zv & [P PPh B\
Pux, `nP u A[P |h , P[P uh
}h u q { Aha \u P, P Gzux,
Chuv US Ch uux u ] |h ,
P u Ph A|, ( & Au)
uPhzv P, kh Gh Pn. (51)
pS"SQ`ZrJ>r@p
{p\"u {O" $ O"u O"\" {>G"Y"{O" _"\"puO @^"uN p \"O"O"u $ G"S"S"r{O" T"pK>u _"XV"puR"S"X"o $
_"\"Z_"pOX"@O\"T"X"sO@^"| QpY"{O", @pr? {p\"u wpZZ_"uS"pp {BR"p, O"{QO"Z_Y"
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 52
78
{p\"{W""T"s^"_Y" X"sA"u @sO_"S"T"Zp {S"SQS"p_"p, O"uS" V"rW"O_"Z_"pu Q{pO": $ e"v\"

W"puBY"{\"^"Y"{S"SQS"T"uNppSO"W"p\"uS" pp[SO"Z_"pu&{T" _"t{E"O" {O" S"p{W"T"Ou "_"\"Z_"X"Y"O"pY"pz
ptSY"O\"{X"{O" RY"uY"X"o $ S" E"p>p\"u\" Z_"p OY"_Y" X"O"{X"{O" \"NpS"rY"X"o $ S"\"Z_"p_\"pQu{O"
T"t\t "pu
u : $ BppY"pz _"Zpu^"p _"pT"Y"pO"o O"uS" ZpvZ_": $ {BpqZp_Y" {p\"_Y" E"qZO"u
{\"^"@NK>p{`\"Y"S"ue"G\"S"pQpv {\"_X"Y"\"O"r, O"uS"plO"Z_": $ E"qZO"u OY"e" S"Y"S"u {O" T"pK>u
S"QpS"p{_X"Y": $ `Z_Y" {p\"_Y"p{`WY": _"T"uW Y"pu W"rO"p $ `ZSO"r{O" `Zp
G"r\"S"`pqZNppu Y"u&`Y"_O"uWY": {O" \"p&P": $ O"uS" W"Y"pS"@Z_": $ _"Z{_"`pNppz T"pS"pz
_"pvW"pBY"_Y" _"pvSQY"_Y" G"{Y"S"r {\"G"Y"prp {O" \"rZZ_": $ _"A"r^"s T"{O"T"Xu "p{QT""T"Zp_"s
_X"uZp {O" `p_Y"Z_": $ X"{Y" W"u&{O"QrS"u _"@Npu{O" S"\"Z_"X"Y"r _"\"puO @w>Ou Y"P": $$ 51 $$
Bu &
UP P Ei. (51)
BpO"u @NppWY"Np| BpO"1 \" T"bX"p{Np QR"O"r

T"sZpz W"uf"s: {E"f"T"pX"Z_"{\"p\"NpUu2 $
X"u S"ue"u Bppue"pR"ZT"{O" @spuf"z_"@{@u
O"\"p@Npp@w >_X"ZpZ{\"p_"z @Y"O": $$ 52
Pu Pnn Pu 1 C o uuw
zx: ]zu\ zn 2 >
C |z Pzuv SzuPP
uPnUh \ Pu:>> 52
1. BpL> Ph;
2. Uz 2.
u : PzuvS EzuPP = z u[SQ

\ Szv ] ì [Pzu!; u C |z = E Cu
C PsP; Pnn Pu = PxP AP Ah
uP; Pu: C = CUP (Ph: C & Ph );
o uuw = PsoPU PshPP, zx: =[P
Ehzu ]x, ]zu \ zn & ]zu Av mku
PU PshP; BPn BUh \ = Px
CUP u A mh Pu: \Q.
@J>pb": - PhUPs
79
P P[P n, ], ][P n, u]
Sk, u u |[P { .
bX"rR"Zp
BpO"u T"p"u, @NppWY"Np| @NpY"pu:_"X"rT"z, BpO" \" @>T"e"pNpr\", T"bX"p{Np QR"O"r $ T"sZpz
T"sZpNppz W"uf"s: W"uQ@_Y", {E"f"T"pX"Z_"{\"p\"NpUu {E"f"u SO":@ZNpu T"pX"Z_":
S"v_T"w{X"OY"P":, O"_Y" {\"p\"Npz {\"S"ppS"z wpZZ_"puOT"pQS"{X"{O" Y"p\"O"o, O"Qu\" Uz
T"Y"puG"S"z Y"Y"pu_O"u {E"f"T"pX"Z_"-{\"p\"NpUu $ e" UpVQuS" RY"\"{_"O"uS" Y"puX"Y"r
V"pNppBp_"tE"r @PY"O"u $ X"u QY"pXV"sG"u T"qZY"X"pS"u, S"ue"u S"Y"S"u, Bppue"pR"ZT"{O"@spuf"z_"@{@u ! Bppue"p W"t{X":, R"ZO"r{O" R"Z: T"E"pE"o, Bppue"pY"p R"Zpu Bppue"pR"Z:,
SY"P"p Bppue"pz R"pZY"O"r{O" {\"Bpù @X"NY"{Np T"p"pv Bppue"pR"pZ {O" _Y"pO"o $
S"uS"v\"p{W"T"pY"uNp p{R"Z OY"e" pu: R"Z: p{R"Z: OY"sz b"rZ_\"p{X"S"p $
Bppue"pR"ZT"{O": {`X"\"pS"o O"_Y" @spuf"z_"@{@p @puZ@: O"_Y"p__"XV"s{: $ O"\" W"\"OY"p:,
p@Npp@w >_X"ZpZ-{\"p_"z @NpT"Y"SO"X"p@w>Y"pu: _X"ZpZY"pu: X"SX"P"V"pNpY"pu: {\"p_"z
_"pvW"pBY"z @Y"O": @sO": $ JoT> "Z_X"vT"Q{\"E"S"pSO"X"o $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù
Bppue"pR"ZT"{O"@spuf"z_z "@{@u ! O"\" X"u S"ue"u @NppWY"Np| BpO"u T"bX"p{Np BpO" \" QR"O"r T"sZpz
W"uf"s: {E"f"T"pX"Z_"{\"p\"NpUu p@Npp@w >_X"ZpZ{\"p_"z @Y"O": $ Y"X"P":
T""V"pNp_Y" rNppz @J>pb": ^">pu V"pNp: $ T""V"pNp {O" T"{_"{: T"pE"sY"p{W"T"pY"uNp $
@J>pb"pOX"@V"pNppu V"pNpT""@O"sY" {O" S" ^"LoV> "pNp {O" \Y"\"`pZ: $ e" {S"QpS"p>pZ:
_X"ZZpZ{\"p_"_"p{\"p_"@ZNpT"{O"W"pS"pO"o T"{O"{V"XV"pb"uT"pO"o $$ 52 $$
u &
EPu u[SQ \ S u u ì [Pzu!
(mh) E Cu C PsP, v[P Azu Ezv
\u G zu Au UQPU Psk, u Px
Czxmh A A P & C TPU Pm]
uQ. u uh Ix APh Bx AP
sP PhUPs kzxQ. (52)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
BpO" {O" $ ù Bppue"pR"ZT"{O"@spuf"z_"@{@u ! ù {`X"\"{ZrS@sp>ZNpW"tO"@NppW"ZNp@T"lX"T"_"tS"@puZ@ppuW"u ! O"\" S"ue"u, @NppWY"Np| @NppSO"{\"dpSO"z, BpO"u T"p"u,
BpO" \" T"b"pNpr\", T"bX"p{Np QR"O"r, T"sZpz W"uf"s: T"pX"Z_"{\"p\"NpX"u\" Uz
80
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 52
T"sZ\"vqZppSO"Z_"pu"pJ>S"Uz O"e" _"pX"PY"{X"{O" Y"p\"O"o $ U{X"{O" {>z T"Qz, pY"X"{T"

BpwO"u, O"uS" _"pZW"pBp \" p\Y"O"u&S"uS"u{O" \Y"sOT"{f": $ O"e" p@Npp@w ^J>_X"ZpZ{\"p_"z
@Y"O": X"QS"pZrpz R"f":$e"pSY"rpX"SY"pu R"f"u, _"pR"XY"p{Q{O" {S"QpS"p>pZuNp
X"QS"pZuZ{T" T"pX"Z_"z {\"p\"Y"O": {O" W"Bp\"OY"p T"pX"{`X"p T"s:> _"S"o
{p\"{\"^"Y"@wpZZ_"puO@^"| \Y"S"{ $$ 52 $$
Uzu
UP uu. (52)
NppX"pu{QS"r
P" S"Y"S"u \" X"QS"E"pT"O\"uS"p` BpO"u {O" $ Bppue"pR"ZT"{O"{`X"\"pS"o O"_Y"
@spuf"z_"@{@u \"zppuA"ZW"t^"Np@T"\"wb"@puZ@u Qu{\" ! BpO": @>T"e"pNpr\" T"bX"p{Np
puX"p{S" QR"O"r QR"pS"u, O"P"p @NppWY"Np| @NppuT "@NK>z BpO"u T"p"u, p@NpT"tNpu OY"P": $ T"sZpz
W"uf"s: {e"T"sZpSO"@_Y", O"wG"@pWY"pz @O"Zr{O" @O"{Z ^">r $ O"uS" pu@_"pR"pZNpQlG"Y"pe"sG"Y"pQpv [_P"ZT"Y""b"NppuO_"p`_P"p{Y"@_Y" \"rZ_Y" T"O"rO"u: wpZ_Y"p\"@pppW"p\": _"t{E"O": $ _Y"p{T" {p\"_Y", E"uO"Y"O"u p@pzb"Y"O"u {\"^"Y"pQrS"r{O" {E"f"z X"S":,
O"_Y" T"BpO": pX": pp[SO"Y"_X"pO"o T"pX": ppSOY"T"@^"@:, _" E"p_"pv Z_"", ppSO"{\"ZpuR"r
\"rZZ_": T"sZpz W"uf"sqZOY"S"uS" _"t{E"O": $ T"pX"Z_"T"Q_Y" ppSO"Z_"T"ZO"p\Y"pAY"pS"z T"sZpz
W"uf"sqZ{O" \"rZZ_"_"tE"S"T"Z@{\"O"pOT"Y"pS"S"s_"pqZO\"pQlT"ubY"X"o $ O"_Y" {\"p\"NpX"T"@^"NpX"u\"
Uz T"Y"puG"S"X"o $ O"Qu\" Uz V"pNppBpz Y"Y"pu_O"u, \"rZZ_"T"pY"S"r@ZNpE"O"sZu OY"P":$ Y"p
T"sZpz W"uf"sqZ{O" ZpvO"Y"p S"s{QO"wpZ_Y"p{T" {p\"_Y" {E"f"z T"pX"Y"O"r{O" W"t^"Y"O"r{O"
{E"f"T"pX": wpZpu&{O"X"R"sZ:, O"P"p _"\"T"p{NpQY"X"O\"pO"o, {E"f"G"SX"X"t@O\"p" $ O"u
S"Y"S"{\"p\"Npz \"r@ZNpz wpZT"R"pS"r@ZNp{X"OY"P": $ O"Qu\" Uz Y"Y"pu_O"u $
S"s{QO"wpZ_Y"p{T" O"QlOT"pQS"@spu OY"{O"X"`f\"pu{: $ O"\" _"@pu@{S"Y"X"@ZN"E"O"sZpY"p W"\"OY"p: X"u RY"pY"O"pu X"X" T"sZ_O"ppO" \" T"qZY"X"pS"u S"ue"u @O"wN "r, p@N"|
@N"T"Y"SO"z p@w>Y"pu: _X"Z"ZY"pu: X"QS"V"pN"Y"pu: T"qZ{E"O"_"zX"pu`S"Qb"Y"puqZOY"P": {\"p_"z
_"pvW"pBY"z @Y"O": pQQO": O"O_""rW"\"O" OY"P": $ B"pZp @N"\Y"{O"B"X"S"p{QS"p
{O"@t Z{e"T"sZpSO"@{E"f"p@^"N"uS" E"p@w>X"QS"V"pN"\"pO" OY"{W"T"pY": $ T"X"p{S"Q"S"Y"pu:
_"z@Z: $ O"P"p E" W"B"\"O"rS"ue"Y"puZ{O"QlC"J@> pY"@ZN"_"pX"PY"| T"O"rY"O"u $$ 52 $$
@J>pb": - PhUPs
81
An v &
v[P AUP u ]h ][P Hh G
Pu, \v PU Psk ][PzvS EuuP CUSv
E PsP u n[P. } EP Pmkkzu.
EP UP u A TP E PsP APPa
\kQ. vzv Au G A Pm] uQ.
EQUS mh P Cu Gv vhP x
\mk AhUP ku . C[S ][P ux. Au
vzuh zu u PmkQ. ( UP[P
EP E.) (52)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
B"O"u {O" $ ù B"pue"pR"ZT"{O"@spuf"z_"@{@u, O"\"uX"u S"ue"u p@N"p@w >_X"Z"Z{\"p_"z
@Y"O":$ B"pue"pR"Zp: T"\"O"p:, O"u^"pz T"{O": _\"pX"r {`X"{B"qZ:, O"_Y" @sz O"_Y"puf"z_":
T"pqZG"pO"@T"\"wb"p{Q@s_"sX"{S"{X"O"z {"Zpu&ZN"z X"s@s Jz,> O"_Y" @{@p @puZ@ \" "puW"X"pS"u
{`X"{B"qZ@sQr{T"@u, O"\" X"u puE"S"u p@N"X"p@w>pu Y": _X"ZpZ:; @N"puT "pSO"T"Y"SO"X"p@w>pu
Y": @SQT"V"pN":, O"_Y" {\"p_"z rpz _"pY"z @Y"O"pu R"f": $ S"ue"u {T" {\""pO"Y"p
@N"puT "pSO"B"O"u QrC"u $ V"pN"pu&{T" p@^"Np_"X"Y"u @N"puT "pSO"X"pY"p{O" $ V"pN"_"pR"XY"X"p`
@N"pWY"N"| B"O"u T"p"u $ T"sS": @"u? T"bX"p{N" B"O" \" QR"O"r $ T"sS": {@zb"N"u? T"sZpz W"uf"s:
{E"f"T""X"Z_"{\"p\"NpUu, T"sZpz W"uf"s: X"`pQu\"_Y" Y": T""X"Z_"pu&\"c"pupu{R"O":
ppSO"Z_":, O"_Y" {\"p\"Npz T"EY"p\"S"z O"OUz T"Y"puG"S"z _"pRY"z Y"Y"pu: O"u $ O"T"_Y"pY"pX"S"s\"O"X"pS"_Y" T"sZX"P"S"_Y" Y": "pSO"Z_":, O"z {\"S"pY" T"p\"O"r{\"^"Y"@pS"sZpB"pAY"pz
Z{O"X"sOT"pQ{Y"O"sz A"s @SQT"uN " @NppSO"pu V"pNp p@w^Y"O"u $ T"p\"O"rS"Y"S"uS"p{T"
@NppSO"T"Y"SO"uS" X"`pQu\"z \Y"pX"pu`{Y"O\"p \"pz\"Qr@wOY" pX"Z_"T"R"pS"z O"T"_OY"pG"{Y"O\"p
T"p\"O"r{\"^"Y"u _"pS"sZpB": @wO" {O" $ P"\"p {\"p\"Y"{O" T"pe"W"uQSu " EY"p\"Y"{O" O"{p\"N"z,
O"p"z Uz pu`{S"{X"O"p Bpu \"O"X"pS"p W"r Y"Y"pu_O"u $ Y"P"p Z_"T"tN"T"pe"u "z
V"pNppB"W"pB"_Y" Uz T"pe"z {\"{W" Q@T"Z_"z T"EY"p\"Y"{O" \"z X"QS"V"pN"uS" O"\" S"ue"uNp
"pSO"Z_"T"G"T"tN"| X"`pQu\"X"S":T"pe"z {\"{W" "pSO"Z_": T"EY"p{\"O" OY"P": $ drX"`pQu\"_Y"p{T" X"pu`pR"pY"@O"Y"p {S"Z{O""Y"z S"ue"_"pvSQY"{X"{O" $ B"O"u{O" T"_Y" Z`_Y"pP": $
BpO"u{O" $ B"O"u , @N"pWY"N"| X"X"Z, T"bX"p{N" Y", B"O" , QR"O"r pu b"pz \"pS"s_\"pZpv $ z
W"X"ZY"t pzv {\"G"Y"p $ (uWz "oX"oZYo "tz u)z $$ 52 $$
82
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 52
BuQ &
\ Szv uo a\! }sh E PsP Px

x vQ. A u n[PQU Px Czx
hkuPz uQ. A |UP vzu ]zu
Av |a\u, A Cx uzv Bx.
Av AuS EuQ u. ]US Eh Pu P Au
Av ux. } {u zvzv A ~ Szu, Au Kmh
} x , E PstQ n ]x EQ zvzv
xUP A[S {u \u x. Cu v,
H J Ax I G {zhx. (52)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
B\"N"S"X"{W"R"pY" S"Y"S"Y"pu: @J>pb"z \"N"Y"{O" B"O"u {O" $ ù B"pue"pR"ZT"{O"@spuf"z_"@{@u, O"\" X"u S"ue"u p@Npp@w >_X"ZpZ{\"p_"z @Y"O": $ Bppue"pY"p: T"w{P"\Y"p: R"Zp:
T"\"O"p: O"u^"pz T"{O"{`X"p{:, O"_Y" @sz, O"_Y"puf"z_"pu X"s@s J>: O"O@{@p B"Ou "S"pu `rZplZ:,
O"O_\"T"u {`X"p{@sppZW"tO"u OY"P": $ p@N"X"p@w>pu Y": _X"ZpZpu X"QS"V"pN": O"_Y"
{\"p_"_O"X"S"s@s O":$ S"ue"pWY"pz @J>pb"pu \Y": $ V"pN"pu&{T" @N"pSO"X"p@w^Y"O"u $ Y"X"{T"
@J>pb": @NppSO"z _\"W"p\"uS" T"p": _X"Zp@w>pu V"pN" \"puOT"bu "p$ O"Qu\"p` {@z{\"R"u S"ue"u,
@N"pWY"N"| B"O"u, @N"Y"puZWY"N"| {S"@J>z B"O"u T"p"u, V"pN"_Y" T"b"X"SO"Zp S" B"{O": dup> W"\"O"rOY"O"
p` T"sS": {@z{\"R"u,B"O" \" T"bX"p{N" QR"O"r, e" Y"p T"bX"Zp{G": _"p T"O"e"pN"r\" $
V"pN"u^"s UvW"p\Y"X"o $ e" {@z U{X"{O" O"e"p` T"sS": {@z{\"R"u T"sZpz W"uf"s:
{E"f"T""X"Z_"{\"p\"NpUu, T"sZpz {O"_"wNppz W"uf"s: W"uQ@_Y" dr@NK>_Y" Y": T""X"pOX"@pu Z_":
O"_Y" {\"p\"N"z S"p"S"z O"QpOX"@u Uu Y"Y"pu_O"u O"P"p $ O"O@J>pb"_T""X"pe"uN" X"`pY"pu{B"S"pu&{T"
W"B"\"O": T""X"{\"p\"N"z W"\"{O" $$ 52$$
uzw &
E Ph mhx Q D\
mhkQx. UP EP Eu. (52)
Av
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" drW"\"pSY"p: _"tY"E"ST"u S"ue"u _X"Z"ZO\"uS"puOT"bu "X"pNppu \"N"Y"{O"B"O"u {O" $
B"pue"pR"ZT"{O"@spuf"z_"@{@u O"\"uX"u S"ue"u p@N"p@w >_X"ZpZ{\"p_"z p@N"X"p@w>pv Y"pv
_X"Z"Zpv O"Y"pu{\"p_"z ppuW"pz @Y"O"pu R"pZY"O": $ f"z_": @NpW"t^"Npz O"mT"p @{@p $
_X"ZpZ_"pY"pP"| S"ue"u {\"{"S"{> @N"pWY"N"| @Np_"X"rT"z B"O"u T"p"u $ B"Lu> Y"P"p O"P"p
@J>pb": - PhUPs
83
T"bX"p{N" puX"p{S" QR"O"r R"pZY"SO"r, Y"p B"L>pu Y"P"p O"P"u{O" $ T"sZ"VQuS" _\"N"ZG"O"pu`X"Y"z
S"B"Zp@pZz QvOY"{\"X"pS"X"sEY"O"u $ O"O_P"p QvOY"p {T" $ O"O"" T"sZpz W"uf"s: W"uQ@_Y" drX"`pQu\"_Y" T"pX"Z_"{\"p\"N"T"Zu, {\"^"Y"pvQp_"rSY"T"t{\"@p X"S"_": _\"pOX"T"ZO"p T""X":
O"{"Z_"S"T"Zu $ T"sZp{X"OY"e" @O"qZ, {W"S"f"r{O" W"uf"p O"_Y" W"uf"s: $ T"bX" _"te"p{Q_"tbX"pz"u
{@"@u S"ue"puX"S"r{O" X"u{QS"r@Z: $$ 52 $$
uzu\vP
u! E & \v i PsP u AP. Au
APUS E C , PhUS CUP CUP.
UP[P . (52)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
@N"pWY"Np| d\"N"_"X"rT"z B"O"u QrC"O"Y"p, X"QS""Z_Y" O"s p@N"T"tN"p@^"N"_"zW"\"pO"o
@Np_"X"rT"B"X"S"z W"\"{O" $ T"bX"p{N" S"Y"S"pEF>pQ@O\"{B\"pu^"T"pSO"Zu _\"_""pO"p{S" ZpuX"p{N"
T"bX"pN"rOY"sEY"SO"u $ O"pSY"u\" B"O": V"pNpX"tB"puE"ZpST"b"pS"o QR"O"r V"pN"_Y" _"T"b"O\"pO"o$ T"sZpz
W"uf"s: Y"puZG"O"{`ZNY"pAY"pS"pz B"B"S"E"pqZN"pX"_"sZpN"pz W"uf"s: S"p"{Y"O"sX"`pQu\"_Y" T""X"Z_"{\"p\"N"Uu T""X"Z_"_Y" pp{SO"Z_"_Y" A"NL>V""c"pS"pvC"_"XT"p{QO"{\""\"vX"sAY"Z_"_Y"
{\"p\"Npz QmZr@ZN"X"u\" Uz T"Y"puG"S"z Y"Y"pu_O"u$ O"P"pW"tO"u"Z_Y" UO\"{S"Y"X"pO"o Uz
T"Y"puG"S"u \"wb"u T"_"\"pQpv pZpBp@u$ e" UpVQEF>uS" V"pNppBpX"{O"O"rbNppu`pp@pz
\Y""Y"{O" $ X"u _"\"pu@Zb"N"b"X"u B"pue"pR"ZT"{O"@spuf"z_"@{@u O"s{`S""v@s_"SO"pS"puf"z_"X""qZ
O"\" S"ue"u puE"S"u p@N"p@w >_X"Z"Z{\"p_"z @Y"O": _"zT"pQY"O":, O\"O@J>pb"{\"b"uT"uN"v\" W"B"\"pS"o
T"pX"Z_"z {\"`pY" G"B"O_"w{>{_P"{O"_"z`pZu _"`pY"_O"\" _"p`pYY"X"pE"ZS"o W"\""up> Q"S"pAY"X"S"sB"`z
@s\"pN"{_O">{O" $ O"_Y" X"`pQu\"_Y" Q"S"z {\"S"p _"X"_O"W"tO"pS"pz W"puB"pSO"z @v\"Y"QpS"z O\"Y"p
{@Y"O"u, Q"S"z {"\"R"X": @v\"Y"z O"\" R"X": $ O"O"o T"Y"puG"S"z O"p\"O"o Y"s\"Y"pu: _"zV"SR": $ Q"S"z
W"B"\"OY"R"rS"z S" W"\"{O" $ T"s^"v@R"X"O\"pO"o $ O"_Y"p: @v\"Y"QpS"z T"s^"R"X"pu S" W"\"{O" $ T"@w OY"u@R"X"O\"pf"_Y" $ SY"puSY"_"pR"pZN"z O"X"Y"X"SY"puSY"E"uv>@@pZN"O"Y"p SY"puSY"_"zV"SR"ùO"sO\"uS"
T"Y"\"_Y"{O" $$ 52 $$
isi &
E Ph mhu ] \u zu mk EPzu hzxU
Pv EUSz xn {Q. } h P zv PmkQ
\vU Psk P PkUQ. ]u\ UvUSzuSv
PUS mk Qmk. Ax QmkQ Ca _Pzu
84
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 52
[SQ. Uv u ]. }[P E[PUS [QmkU

Psk. UP . (52)
BppuT"p_"sSQZr
BpO"u @NppWY"Np{X"{O" $ ù Bppue"pR"ZT"{O"@spuf"z_"@{@u Bppue"p T"w{P"\"r O"pz R"ZSO"r{O"
Bppue"pR"Zp: T"\"O"p:, O"u^"pz T"{O"{`X"pY":, O"_Y" @sz \"zp:, O"_Y"puf"z_"@{@u
{pZpuW"t^"Np@puZ@_\"T"u, O"\" X"u S"ue"u, @pu, @NppWY"Np| @Np{S"@J>z BpO"u T"p"u, BpO" \"
V"pNpT"b"pNpr\" T"bX"p{Np QR"O"r R"pZY"SO"r, T"sZpz W"uf"s: {p\"_Y" T"pX"Z_"{\"p\"NpUu
pp[SO"Z_"QmZr@ZNpz Uz T"Y"puG"S"X"u\" Uz Y"Y"puqZ{O" T"ZzT"qZO"T"@X"o $ {\"^NpsT"b"u ù
Bppue"pR"Z ! ù T"wP\"rR"Z ! ù T"{O"@spuf"z_"@{@uO", T"{O": T"p@:, O"_Y" @sz _"X"t`:,
O"_Y"puf"z_": {pZpuW"t^"Npz O"mT"p Y"p @{@p @puZ@:, O"pz O"O_"pY"{X"O": T"p": $ \"ppVQ:
{@z[_\"QP"u $ p@Npu{ O" \"p T"QEF>Qu :$ {\"O"@u $ P"\"p ù T"{O"@spuf"z_"
T"p@_"X"t`{pZpuR"pY" $ Y"p Bppue"pR"ZT"{O": Bppu\"S":, O"O@spuf"z_" O"zp{pZpuW"t^"Np $
O"pZNpuS" O"O@sT"{O">{u O" Y"p\"O"o $ ù @{@uO"pu, @u: Ql:A"_Y" @{Y"sBp_Y" \"p S"pp@: $
T"sZpz G"pBpO_\"T"n_"s^"s"\"_P"pT"-T"sZe"Y"pNppz W"uf"s: S"pp@_Y" O"\" X"u BppuT"rS"pz
T"pX"Z_"{\"p\"NpUu S"ue"u p@Npp@w >_X"ZpZ-{\"p_"z @Y"O" OY"P": $$ 52 $$
Pu &
UP EP Eu. q zv z
u[S! EPU P u ]u! Pzuzu Ezv!
P yPx! (A) P yUP G [P
Azu E Ph PP Av mi u nzv
mha \Qx. (52)
pS"SQ`Zr
BpO"u {O" $ ù Bppue"pR"ZpNppz T"OY"s{`X"pY"_Y" @spuf"z_"@{@u \"zp{pZpuW"t^"NprW"tO"T"s^T"@{@p_\"T"u, O"\" @NpY"pu: WY"Np| {S"@J>z T"p"u X"u S"ue"u p@Np| @NpT"Y"SO"z,
p@w>pv _"SR"pS"uS"pS"rO"pv Y"pv _X"ZpZpv @pX"V"pNppv O"Y"pu{\"p_"z ppuW"pz @Y"O"pu R"pZY"O": $
@pr S"ue"u, BpO" \" pZ[_P"O"T"{b"T"b"p{S"\", T"bX"pqNp puX"p{S" QR"O"r R"pZY"SO"r $ T"sS":
@pu, T"sZpz W"uf"s: {p\"_Y" T"pX"Z_": pp[SO"Z_": O"_Y" {\"p\"Npz QmZr@ZNpz Uz T"Y"puG"S"z
Y"Y"pu: O"u Y"P"p $ pZT"b"u O"pppZUu pu`{S"{X"O"pY"u Y"Y"puqZ{O" {\"Bp`: $$ 52 $$
Bu &
UP EP Eu. (52)
S"ue"e"v\"NY"X"o - PsP {[P
85
{\"W"O"e"v\"NY"| 1\Y"{O"@qZO"2 rp"S"O"Y"p3

{\"W"p{O" O\""ue"{e"O"Y"{X"Qz "pS"Q{Y"O"u $
T"sS": sz> Qu\"pS"o l{`Np`qZpS"o T"ZO"pS"o
ZG":_"O\"z {V"W"f"X" {O"4 B"sN"pS"pz e"Y"{X"\"5 $$ 53 $$
Uuzs 1 vPu 2 g|u 3
v z|zzuu D\|uu >
|: k u znz Eu
: z zu Cv 4 St| z 5 >> 53 >>
1. e"v\"NY" zs, 2. \Y"{O"@{O" vPu, 3. S"rp"S"O"Y"p
S"rpzV"sG"O"Y"p,
S"rpXV"sG"E"p, 4. \" C, 5. e"Y"{X"QX"o zu.

u :& D\| uu = D\ C ! Cu; zz & |z zu =
Cu E PsP, vPu (})gu = mhP Cmh
(P) \mhu, Uuzs = ]P, s, P
G {[P uz u zuQ { EuP, Eu &
u hu (KkUQ); zn z u = ,
q, z G uP; |: k = i kzu; : z
u: Cv Sn| z = z u G USn[P; z C
Bv = u[QU Psix [SQx.
E {z |:, n p, i Pz,
, Pz, Pu p, p, z, p,
n, u u |[Pa ]vUP.
bX"rR"Zp
{\"W"e"v\"NY"| {\"W"z T"Z_T"Zp_"rN"| e"v\"NY"| e"Y"pu \"N"p: {_"O"p{_"O"Zp: Y"_Y"u{O"
V"`l\"r{`: _\"pP"u ^Y"I"o $ X"`pW"pBY"T"s^"pN"pz S"Y"S"u ZZuA"p__"{SO", S"Y"S"B"puY"z "uO"X"o,
Y"{T" @S"r{S"@p S"rp, O"P"p{T" O"wO"rY"S"Y"S"u @S"r{S"@pY"p: S"vY"pW"p\"pO"o OY"p` \Y"qO"@qZO"rp"S"O"Y"p {O" $ \Y"{O"@qZO"z _"z\"{O"z rpP"| {\"p_"pP"| R"wO"z "S"z Y"_Y"
O"f"_Y" W"p\"_O"f"p O"Y"p $ O"wO"rY"S"Y"S"B"pu_Y" "vOY"X"r@wOY"puX"o $ {\"W"p{O" {\"ZpG"O"u $
O\""ue"{e"O"Y"z O"\" S"ue"pN"pz {e"O"Y"z, Qz T"qZY"X"pS"z, "pS"Q{Y"O"u "pS"_Y" X"`pQu\"_T"
Q{Y"O"p T"uY "_"r O"_Y"p__"zV"s{:, T"sS": s>z B"O"V""pNL>pS"SO"ZX"{_X"S"o V""pNLu> W"tY"pu {S"X"pO"sz
Qu\"pS"o Qu\"S"R"X"Y"spS"o, l{`N"`qZpS"sT"ZO"pS"o pOX"{S" {\"rS"pS"o, ZG": ZG"puB"sN": _"f\"z
86
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 53
_"f\"B"sN":, {V"W"O"o QR"O"o, O"X": O"X"puB"sN":, {O" \"z B"sN"pS"pz _"f\"ZG"_O"X"__"z{c"@pS"pz, e"Y"z
{e"O"Y"z, \" $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù "pS"Q{Y"O"u ! Qz O\""ue"{e"O"Y"z \Y"{O"@qZO"rp"S"O"Y"p {\"W"e"v\"NY"| T"ZO"pS"o l{`N"`qZpS"o Qu\"pS"o T"sS": s>z ZG"__"f\"z O"X" {O"
B"sN"pS"pz e"Y"{X"\" {V"W"O"o {\"W"p{O" $ e" _"f\"B"sN": "uO"\"N": ZG"puBpsN"pu Z\"N": O"X"puB"sN"pu
S"r\"N": {O" @{\"T"{_"{: $ O"X" {O" {S"T"pO"uS"pTY"{W"{Ò"u @X"{N" S" @X"{\"W"{:;
T"qZB"N"S"XY" T"p{Y"@O\"p{Q{O" {S"T"pO"u "VQuS"p{W"R"pS"pO"o ZG"__"f\"O"X""VQp: T"P"X"pSO"p: $
Y"p - {O"rY"pSO"p:; {S"T"pO"p{W"R"pS"_Y" T"p{Y"@O\"pO"o $ Y"P"puz \"pBW"JuS> " - {`z_"p
_O"uY"pSY"P"p@pX"z T"v"sSY"z T"^"pS"wO"u $ _"z{W""ppT"\Y"pT"pQX"{W"RY"pz {B\"T"Y"Y"X"o $$ T"pT"z
@X"u{ O" Q"R"p @pY"\"pDoX> "pS"_"v_OY"G"uO"o {O" $ e" OT"bu "ppZ:; S"Y"S"BpO"_Y" "uO"ZS"rZuA"p{e"O"Y"_Y" _"f\"ZG"_O"X"puB"sN"O\"uS"puOT"ub "N"pO"o $ e" W"B"\"OY"p: S"Y"S"p"S"Q"S"pQu\"
_"w{>{_P"{O"Y"p {O" X"`pS"{O""Y"pu R\"SY"O" OY"pZuN" \"_O"sR\"{S": $$ 53$$
u
D\ C! P ]P G {[P PsP
uzu uQ. UP PsP ]P PP
Kk. CPsP[P so. P, x Pso
P. Au P P Av Chmkx. sh
zv ux. i Au hUP, Kkzxz u
hu , z hUP, Sn z Sn,
u Sn G Cu C PsP[P HU Psh G
uQx. z & . & ]P, u & P. (53)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
{\"W"u{O" $ {\"W"e"v\"NY"| e"Y"pN"pz \"N"pS"pz W"p\": e"v\"NY"|, "uO"Z@w^N"pS"p{X"OY"P": $
O"_Y" \Y"{O"@Z: _"zT"@:, _" _"zG"pO"pu Y"e", O"p"S"rpXV"sG"O"Y"p "uO"ZS"r_"zT"wS"rpuOT"-W"p\"uS"uOY"P":$ S"rpXV"sG"E"u{O" T"pK>pSO"ZX"o $ ù "pS"Q{Y"O"u, O\""ue"{e"O"Y"{X"Qz
{\"W"p{O" $ T"ZO"pS"o T"Y"z B"O"pS"o l{`N"`qZpS"o T"sS": s>z ZG": _"O\"z O"X" {O" B"sN"pS"pz
e"Y"{X"\", Q{b"N"S"ue"z ZG"puB"sN"T"R"pS"z, \"pX"z S"ue"z _"O\"T"R"pS"z, W"pS"ue"z O"X":T"R"pS"z, O"v:
V""{\"^N"spS"o T"ZO"pS"o s>z "uO"z Zz Y"pX"{X"{O" {\"W"{e"\"N"W"p\"_"zY"sS"rpXV"sG"W"p\"v:, "uO"ZY"pX"pOX"@B"sN"e"Y"z {V"W"w^" {O" {T"{NL>O"pu&P": $ {E"O_"B"u {\"^N"sS"p{W"@X"u
@z V""pN"z _"w\> "pS"o $ W"B"\"O"r S"ue"puOT"v: V""{\"^N"sX"ù"ZpS"o _"wG"{O" $ rpXV"sG"u{O" T"pKu>
S"ue"X"{`X"p pu@puf"Z {O" R\"{S": $ {\"W"e"v\"NY"\Y"{O"@qZO"S"rp"S"-O"Y"u{O"
{E"OT"pK>: $ O"e"pY"z S" R\"{S": $ \"z T"pK>e"Y"u Y"Ql{E"O"z, O"O"o _"{B"p
X"o $$ 53$$
87
Uzu
D\ C! E PsP zv u ,
q, z i hUP , z, u G
Sn[P Sn Psh x Psn, z SnUP Chx
Psn u SnUP |UPsn Psk, A
], , P G Sn[PU Psh. } A
PsP zvP hUQ. (53)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
\"z S"ue"Y"X"sT"\"NY" {e"O"Y"X"TY"u@Qp {\"\"N"{Y"^"s:, {e"B"sN"pOX"@T"@w {O"{T"NY"pz Qu\Y"pz
`qZ`Zl{`N"_"w{>@pZN"_Y" B"sN"e"Y"_Y" {S"OY"{S"\"p_"z _"zW"p\"Y"{O" - {\"W"O"u{O" $ "pS"pAY""O"sP": T"se": l{`N"`qZpN"pz @pZN"W"tO"pu Q{Y"O": {T"Y": T"Xu "p_T"Q: Y"_Y"p: _"p "pS"Q{Y"O"p, O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{:, ù "pS"Q{Y"O"u, V""p{Q@pZN"u, Qu{\" ! \Y"{O"@{O"z _"zT"wz
S"rX""S"z Y"u^"s O"p{S", O"u^"pz W"p\"_O"f"p O"Y"p, S"rp"S"T"R"pS"O"Y"uOY"P": $ Q" O"wO"rY"S"Y"S"u S"vY"_"tE"S"pP"{X"{O" bX"rR"Z: $ S"rpXV"sG"E"u{O" T"pKu> SQr\"Z@pSOY"uOY"P": $ e"Y"pu
\"N"p: "uO"ZS"rpAY"p: e"v\"NY"X"o $ E"pO"s\"NY"p{QO\"pO"o _\"pP"u ^Y"I"o $ O" \" e"Y"pN"pz
\"N"pS"pz W"p\"v\"NY"{X"{O" bX"rR"Z\Y"pAY"pS"z W"pSO"X"o $ {\"W"z T"OY"u@"pu {\"{\"z e"v\"NY"|
Y"{_X"z_O"O"o, S"ue"Y"u "uO"X"NL>ZZuA"pN"pz _"zY"puB"O":, "S"@S"p\"{_P"O"u:, O"wO"rY"S"Y"S"u&TY""S"_"zY"puB"pO"o @p^NY"p\"_P"pS"p"u{O" W"p\": $ QX"_X"QS"sB"`{>X"O"o $ O"\" W"\"OY"p
S"ue"{e"O"Y"z S"Y"S"e"Y"z @O"w, T"ZO"pS"o T"Y"pSO"ZX"r"pS"u {S"rS"pS"o, l{`N"`qZpS"o
ZG"__"O\"O"X"puB"sN"T"R"pS"pS"o _"w
> p{Q@O"%S "o V""{\"^N"s@ppS"o, T"sS": W"tY"pu&{T", s>z
_"w
> p{QT"\"O"S"pY" _"G"S"z @O"s,| ZG": _"f\"z O"X" OY"uO"QoB"sN"pS"pz e"Y"z V""p{Q_"G"S"_"pR"S"z
Z"uO"S"rO\"uS" @{\"_"X"Y"T"{_"z {V"W"{Q\" W"p{O" T"@p"O"u $ Z"uO"S"rvB"sN "vZz@wO"z
W"\""ue"{e"O"Y"z T"sS"V" "p{Q_"G"S"pY" O"O@pZN"B"sN"e"Y"R"pZr\" W"pO"rOY"P": $ OT"bu "ppZ:
$$ 53$$
Anv
Sn[P { Psh Qv i
uh zvP uUPn USn[P Gx
E. zvP uUPn D\ u APU
Psh. Au u vUS Pn D\ C.
D\uu. Ax PsP v mh. AP P{
Chmkx. Au }zzv J Psk.
88
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 53
Psosi P E Sv Auh ]PU PkP

Ps, x Pso wmhmkx. Au Ax
AQx. zvP Gx E. zv D\h
xmh. AP USn[P UQPU Psk hUP u
USn[PU PsP uzx''.(53)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
{\"W"u{O" $ ù "pS"Q{Y"O"u Qz O"\" S"ue"{e"O"Y"z {\"W"p{O" \"pX"Q{b"N"X"RY"_P"X"o $ \Y"{O"@qZO"S"rp"S"O"Y"p \Y"{O"@qZO"z {\"G"w{XW"O"z Y"e" O"f"P"p, O"_Y" W"p\"_O"Y"p $ {@zb"N"z,
{\"W"e"v\"NY"| {\"W"z T"{O"_\"r@wO"{\"W"pB"z T"p"z, e"v\"NY"| \"N"e"Y"_"X"t`pu Y"e" O"O"o $ \"N"e"Y"z
Z"uO"Y"pX"T"z, @X"uN" Z\"N"pu Q{b"N"u, O"O"pu V""puOT"": $ "spu \"pX"u, O"O"pu {\"^N"s: $
Y"pX"pu X"RY"u O"O"pu : $ P"\"p T"{O"S"ue"z e"v\"NY"| @puN"u Z: O"pZ@pY"pz Y"pX": T"qZO":
"s: $ Y"{T" e"Y"pu&{T" \"N"p: T"{O"S"ue"z, O"P"p{T" {E"O"o @_Y"{E"OT"pR"pSY"z c"pO"\Y"X"o $
P"\"p Y"{T" {\"W"e"v\"NY"| O"P"p{T" \Y"{O"@qZO"S"rp"S"O"Y"p{T" OY"SO"z "puW"O"u $ e"
{\"W"e"v\"NY"| \Y"{O"@qZO"S"rpXV"sG"-O"Y"uOY"{T" T"K>{SO" $ e"v\"NY"| @V"sq ZO"S"r@X"@p{SO"\"O@pSOY"p $ W"Y"P"p{T" "S"\"N"X"sOT"bu "O"u $ T"Y"u T"ZO"pS"o V""{\"^N"spSQu\"pS"o T"sS":
_UsJ>X"sOT"pQ{Y"O"sz B"sN"e"Y"z {V"W"{Q\" $ B"sN"e"Y"X"p` ZG": _"O\"z O"X" {O" $ \"pX"u ZG"puB"sN"pAY"_Y"
T"pR"pSY"z, Q{b"N"u _"O\""s_Y" T"pR"pSY"z, X"RY"u O"X"_": $ O" \" O"uWY": @X"uN" V""{\"^NpspNppz OT"{f": $ P"\"p {\"W"e"v\"NY"| OT"p{QO"V""b"{e"Y"\"vY"\"Npe"Y"z, \Y"{O"@qZO"z
_""pO"\Y"{O"@Zz Y""rX""S"X"{\"pAY"z Y"e" $ O"P"p E" B"sN"e"Y"T"R"pS"p O"QpT"pO"\"O"o
{e"{\"R"Y"p >p b"pu{W"O"p Y"p {\"p O"Y"uOY"P": $ "u^"z T"t\"\"O"o $ \Y"{O"@qZO"S"rp"S"z
O"P"p{T" {\"W"e"v\"NY"{X"{O" {\"ZpuR"pW"p_": $ O"p\"O"p _"z_"pZX"wOY"s"pp_O"XW"W"tO"p B"sN"e"Y"X"Y"r p{Q"{: T"@w {> O"T"p O\"{X"{O" T"{O"T"p{QO"X"o $ {\"W"u{O" T"_Y" Z`_Y"pP":{\"W"u{O" $ {\" \" _"O\"T"Zp $ _"puz _"\"X"p _\"p`p $$ 53 $$
Bu Q
u! Ex PsP hmkx. CP
\{vP x Psox u. Chx Ps
sovP Ex. Avx q . |kUPs
P{vP Ex. Avx z. PsP _ so,
|k P, Kzv ]P G {[P Esk. Aun zv
] G nzv PsPu u G.
Pso EQ Pn Az P Chmhx. C
EP u Pn Qv, Az, USn[P,
89
zvP, n[P Azx E PsPx u.

[P G z P]. (53)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
S"ue"puT"\"N"S"z @J>pb"\"N"S"X"{W"R"pY"uQpS"rz S"ue"pNY"u\" \"N"Y"{O" - {\"W"u{O" $ ù "pS"Q{Y"O"u, O\""ue"{e"O"Y"z {\"W"p{O" $ "pS"_Y" X"ù"Z_Y" Q{Y"O"p {T"Y"p, O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{: $
{@z{\"R"z S"ue"{e"O"Y"z, ZG": _"O\"z O"X" {O" B"sN"pS"pz e"Y"z {V"W"{Q\", {@z @O"s,| T"ZO"pS"o
X"`pT"Y"pu{EF>"pS"o l{`N"`qZpS"o Qu\"pS"o T"sS": s,>z {`N"" `qZ" " O"pS"o
V""{\"^NpsX"ù"ZpS"o, T"sS": s,>z ZG"_"p Ql{`N"_Y" _"w{>: _"O\"O"pu `Zu:, O"X"_"p _Y"u{O" $
W"B"\"OY"p \"rb"N"X"pe"uN" O"u^"pz OT"{f": $ @P"X"e" B"sN"qe"O"Y"puOT"bu "p ? O"e" ùO"sX"p` - {@z{\"R"z
S"ue"{e"O"Y"z, \Y"{O"@qZO"S"rp"S"O"Y"p {\"W"e"v\"NY"|, e"Y"pN"pz \"N"pS"pz _"X"t`v\"NY"|,
{\"W"z e"v\"NY"| Y"{_zX"_O"f"P"puX"o $ Z"sS"rpOX"@z, \Y"{O"@qZO"z T"{b""z Y""rp"S"z
_"`@pqZ, O"O": _"\"pu& {T" _"w{>\Y"pT"pZpu W"\"O"rOY"_"t{E" $ $53$$
uzw &
EPzv h \ Azx u PsP
|hQ. UP EP Eu. (53)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
T"sS"Z{T" T"@pZpSO"ZuN" S"ue"e"Y"z _O"pv{O" - {\"W"u{O" $ ù "pS"Q{Y"O"u, >u V""pN"X"pZWY"
{T"T"r{@pT"Y"SO"z G"r\"G"pO"{X"{O" "pS"pu X"`pQu\":, O"_Y" Q{Y"O"p O"_Y"p: _"zV"puR"S"z O"P"p $
"pS"pu Q{Y"O"pu Y"_Y"p_O"O_"XV"puR"S"z O"P"u{O" V"`l\"r{`: $ O\""ue"e"Y"z V"spv
_"{"R"pTY"pùQ{X"{O" $ B"sN"pS"pz e"Y"z {V"W"{Q\" {\"W"pO"rOY"S\"Y": $ B"sN"v: _"pY"z \"O"sz {e"O"Y"z
{\"{pS"{> {\"W"u{O" $ e"Y"pN"pz \"N"pS"pz _"X"p`pZ: {e"\"N"|, qe"\"NpX"u\" e"v\"NY"|, _\"pP"u ^Y"I"o $
{\"W"z e"v\"NY"| Y"{_X"z_O"O"o $ \"N""VQpu&e" T"\"pE"r $ S"S"s _"tY"p{"S"ue"u pu{Ò"u, E"SS"ue"z
"sX"u\"u{O" @sO"pu S"rT"X"p` - \Y"{O"@Z: _"zT"@: _"zG"pO"pu Y"{_zX"_O"O"o $ \Y"{O"@qZO"z rY"p
Qf"X""S"z rp"S"z \Y"{O"@qZO"rp"S"z Y"{_zX"_O"f"P"p$ O"_Y" W"p\"_O"f"Y"p $
\Y"{O"@qZO"S"rp"S"O"Y"u{O" T"pKu> S"rz E" O"Q"S"z E"u{O" _"X"p_": $ S" E" S"rT"Q\"vY"PY"|
\Y"p\"wfY"W"p\"p{Q{O" \"pEY"X"o $ Y"O"u&S"uS"uOY""S"{X"{O" \Y"sOT"fY"p S"r_Y"pT"O"rO"u:$
B"sN"e"Y"X"u\"p` - ZG" {O" $ _"pzAY""pT"{_"p V"spv _"{"R"pTY"p` {O"rY"{X"Q{X"{O"
q@X"P"| B"sN"e"Y"{X"Q{X"OY"T"ub"pY"pX"p` $ T"t\"X"u@\"pZz _"wp> l{`NppQY"pu Qu\"p: O"u
E"puT"ZO"\Y"pT"pZp_O"pS"o, >p T"sS"ZSY"pS"o s{> X"OY"P": $ {V"W"f"X" {O" T"pKu> B"sN"T"Q"S"pP"
90
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 53
{O" "VQ: $ l{`N"`qZp{S"OY"e" Su C"r{O" `qZ"VQu T"p@o T"Y"pu\Y"u l{`N"T"QT"pT"Y"puB"pu&WY"{Ò"z T"t\"{X"{O" WY"{Ò"p{W"T"pY"uN" $ \"N"pu {G"pQpv "spQpv Y""puB"sN"@P"p_"s
E" $ _O"sO"pv S"pS"p {Y"pz W"uQT"pb"Z{\""u^"N" {O" X"u{QS"r@Z: $$53 $$
uzu \vP &
u G P Bu D\| &
u. A uUS C, u AUS C. D\|uu.
& AU |z[P ]u, \v|z zux.
mkUPshu P { Pshx. G {[P PsP
Pu uQ. Cx Au {[P uzxz u,
u zvPz v hUP |uu Pn. u
UP[P. (53)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
{_X"Spu@u W"B"\"OY"p: T"ZT"@w {O"T"O\"z \"N"Y"S"o, O"O_\"T"_Y" e"vB"sNY"_Y"
G"B"O_"w{>@pZN"W"tO"_Y" _"\"Qp T"ZX"u"Zr"ZrZu {S"OY"p\"_P"pS"z \"N"Y"{O" $ S"ue"e"Y"X"u\"
W"B"\"OY"p:, e"vB"sNY"pOX"S"p T"qZN"O"X"o $ e"Y"pu B"sN"p_O"s _"O\"ZG"_O"X"puS"pX"pS": "spu{Ò"@w^N"_\"W"p\"p: $ e"p{T" S"ue"u^"s "sO\"z R"\"pT"pu, ZZp{G"^"s pv{ÒY"z, _\"O":{_"{Q\Y"@pp"S"_"zT"@pO"o @w^N"{X"{O" T"@pZuN" W"B"\"O"rpuE"S"u e"v\"NY"{_"{: $ z E" dsO"pv
G"pX"u@pz pu{Ò""s@w^N"pz {O" $ {\"W"e"v\"NY"\Y"{O"@qZO"S"rp"S"O"Y"p {\"W"e"v\"NY"uS " \Y"{O"@qZO"z _"XV"z S"rp"S"z Y"u^"s O"p{S" O"P"pup{S", O"u^"pz W"p\": O"f"p, O"Y"p
@pZN"W"tO"Y"p, O"\" S"ue"{e"O"Y"z O"\" puE"S"e"Y"z, ù "pS"Q{Y"O"u {\"W"p{O" {\""u^"uN" Qr{"z
T"pTS"pu{O" $ @uS"uOY"p` - l{`N"`qZpS"o V""{\"^N"s{"\"pS"o, {e"Qu\"pS"o, T"ZO"pS"o _"O":,
@pR"X"uN " OY""ZrZpS"o, T"sS": s>z "ZrZpSO"ZuN" Y"puG"{Y"O"s,z ZG": _"O\"z O"X" {O" B"sN"{e"O"Y"z
{e"B"sN"_"X"sQpY"z {V"W"R"pS"{X"{O" T"{O"W"p{O" $ V""{\"^N"spN"pX"SO"@pu O"u^"pz O"s X"tW"tO"pS"pz
_"O\"p{QB"sN"pS"pz S" @Qp{E"Ob"Y": $ O"u^"pz A"s {S"OY"pY"p: T"@w {O"T"O\"pO"o $ S" {` Y"{O@{"O"o
\"_O"s _\"T"z S" \Y"{W"E"Z{O" $ O"Qo\Y"{W"E"pZu O"QSY"O\"pT"{f"qZ{O" "p_"pX"pSY"X"o $$ 53$$
isi &
u Qv. EP hzx Pzx uP
USn[P Gx snhPPU Psk.
_ C K[P s \P \ mhu
P sn[P. Ax mkUPz u
Gx mh { Psk. u u_UUn G
91
A oUS. v u APUS Pn
z u USn[P PsP u[QkQ.
USn[P u v. (53)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
{\"W"u{O" $ ù "pS"Q{Y"O"u {"\"\"W"u, O\""ue"{e"O"Y"{X"Qz T"ZO"pS"o T"Y"z B"O"pS"o
l{`N"`qZpS"o V""{\"^N"s{"\"pS"o T"sS": s>z ZG": _"O\"z O"X" {O" B"sN"pS"pz e"Y"z {V"W"{Q\"
{\"W"p{O" $ @"z S"ue"{e"O"Y"z, \Y"{O"@qZO"S"rp"S"O"Y"p _"zV"Y"pX"@"O"Y"p {\"W"e"v\"NY"| {\"W"z _"zV"z e"v\"NY"| e"Y"pu \"Npp: Y"e"uOY"P": $ {\"W"e"v\"NY"\Y"{O"@qZO"S"rpXV"sG"O"Y"u{O" {E"OT"pK>: $ O"e", {\"W"uS" e"v\"NY"uS " \"N"e"Y"uN" "uO"ZS"rT"uN",
\Y"{O"@qZO"z _"zV"z Y""rpXV"sG"z, O"p\"uS", Qu\"pS"o s>z B"sN"pS"pz e"Y"z {V"W"{QOY"S\"Y": $
{\"^N"puS"p{W"@X"uS" @ \" V""p _"w:> $ O\""ue"@X"uS" V""{\"^Npsp: _"w^J>p {O"
\Y"{O"Zu@p>pZ: $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - ù "pS" "Z Q{Y"O"u W"G"S"u, O"QlT"qZ O\""ue"{e"O"Y"z, Qz
@pX"Qz B"sN"pS"pz e"Y"z {V"W"{Q\" W"pO"rOY"P": $ `qZqZS:, S"w{_"z`X"tOY"{W"T"pY"uN"
S"ue"e"Y"\"N"S"X"o $ SY"O"o _"X"pS"X"o $$
Pu &
q u u mk u. E Ps
u zvP u Gu ]. EP
E. q zv | UPsPx h,
h, EP G G uQ. (53)
pS"SQ`ZrJ>r@p
{\"W"u{O" $ ù "pS"Q{Y"O"u {"\"{T"Y"u, Qz O\""ue"{e"O"Y"z {\"W"p{O" $ @"z \Y"{O"@qZO"z
_"zY"sz S"rX""S"z @"z Y"e" O"P"p{\"R"O\"uS" {\"W"z \Y"W"tO"z e"v\"NY"| Z@w^N""sT"\"N"e"Y"z Y"e" O"p"z, E"pO"s\"NY"p{Q\"O"o _\"pP"u O"{O": $ {\"W"e"v\"NY"\Y"{O"@qZO"S"rpXV"sG"O"Y"u{O" T"pKu> {\"W"uS" e"v\"NY"uS " \Y"{O"@qZO"z Y""rpzV"sG"z O"f\"uS"
O"O_""O\"uS"uOY"P": $ T"sS": @r"z T"ZO"pS"o T"Y"u {O"Zpu{Ò"pS"o V""pQrS"o T"sS": s>z ZG":
_"O\"z O"X" {O" B"sN"pS"pz e"Y"z {V"W"O"o R"pZY"{Q\" $ \"uOY"sOT"bu "pY"pX"o $ B"sN"e"Y"pN"pz \"N"e"Y"uN"
_"pXY"X"sOT"{u b"O"X"o $$53$$
Bu &
UP EP Eu. (53)
*
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 54
92
T"{\"e"r@O"s| S": T""sT"{O"T"ZpR"rS"QY"u

QY"p{X"e"v1S"ue"v: N"R"\"Y"pX"{E"{W": $
S"Q: "puN"pu B"p O"T"S"O"S"Y"u{O" R"s\"X"X"sz
e"Y"pN"pz O"rP"pS"pz T"S"Y"{_" _"zW"uQX"S"C"X"o2 $$54$$
zPx |: _v wu
uz 1 |zn u a ]: >
|ua \t P[P u|u|v z
zt wu| E| u|P 2 >>
1. {X"dv a
2. X"S"C"u P.
u & _v wu! = _v \ E!
(_vz u \kzv E!); uz: = Pn
|mPsh; Anua]: = ] P
snPU Psh; |z: = PsP, |: = G[P; zPx =
yUP; \n: |u: P[P u| u| Cv =\n G |u, P[P
G; zn wzu| = wzu[P; A|P u = S
Cn; E| = AQ Psk \UQ. z = {a\.
], ], zPn, uzv: G u |[P
{ .
bX"rR"Zp
O"Qu\" e"v\"NY"| T"sS"OT"bu Y"O"u - T"{\"e"r@O"s| T"{\"e"pS"o T"{\"e"pS"o _"XT"X"pS"pS"o @O"ss|
W"tO"O"p\"u _"XT"@O"qZ {E\": $ S": _X"pS"o, T""sT"{O"T"ZpR"rS"QY"u ! `ZpY"f"{E"f"u !
QY"p{X"e"v: QY"pv: , S"ue"v: N"R"\"Y"pX"{E"{W": T"OY"u@{X"{O" "u^": $ S"Q: T"sTz "\"p`:
"puN": {`ZNY"\"p`:, _" O"s Z\"N":, B"p W"pB"rZP"r "uO"\"N"p, O"T"S"O"S"Y"p @p{aSQr
S"r\"N"p {O" @{\"T"{_"{: $ {O" \"z, R"\s "z _"OY"z, X"sz T"qZY"X"pS"z, e"Y"pN"pz O"rP"pS"pz
G"p\"O"pZpN"pz, _"XW"uQz S"Qr_"X"z, T"S"Y"{_" _"XT"pQY"{_" $ S"C"z C"pT"S"puQ@X"o $ e"uOP"z
T"QY"puG"S"p - ù T""sT"{O"T"ZpR"rS"QY"u ! QY"p{X"e"v: N"R"\"Y"pX"{E"{W": S"ue"v: "puN"pu
S"Qpu B"p O"T"S"O"S"Y"u{O" e"Y"pN"pz O"rP"pS"pz X"sz S"C"z _"zW"uQz S": T"{\"e"r@O"s| T"S"Y"{_"
R"\s "X"o $ W"\"O_"O\"pu\Y"p {O" W"p\": $ e"puOT"bu "ppZ:$ _\"W"p\"{_"_Y" S"Y"S"B"O"ZuA"p{e"O"Y"_Y" {_"O"p{_"O"Z\"N"pOX"@_Y" B"pY"X"sS"p"puN"_"X"O\"uS"puOT"bu "N"pO"o $$54$$
93
u
y Gz yUP, Pn |u PsP \
s P Psh. \UP\n BP, sUP
P[PQ, P UP BP B. BP TkhP E
PsP Pm] uQ. PsP PsQ \[Pk sPk
P[Pk BPQ CnQ. (54)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
T"{\"e"r{O" $ ù T""s T "{O"T"ZpR"rS"QY"u ! X"`pQu \ "T"ZO"Se"u QY"p{X"e"v :
QY"pZ_"{S"V"_"pv`pQv:, N"R"\"Y"pX"{E"{W": {\"W"e"v\"N"v: @X"uN"uOY"P": $ "puN"pu S"Q:,
B"p O"T"S"O"S"Y"p {O" e"Y"pN"pz O"rP"pS"pz _"zW"uQz _"X"z S": _X"pS"o T"{\"e"r@O"s| T"S"Y"{_"
_"X"rT"B"O"z @Zpu{^" $ pu@u B"pY"X"sS"p_"Z_\"O"rS"pz _"zW"uQpu >: $ S" O"s ppuN"B"pY"X"sS"pS"pX"o $
S": T"{\"e"r@O"sX"uO"p"z O"rP"_"zW"uQX"sT"S"Y"{_" $ ù S"C"u ! `pu O"\" W"u^"s QY"pT"ZO"Se"O"p,
_"zW"p{\" _"zW"p\"Y"_"r{O" W"p\":$ O" \" S"p: _\"pW"p{\"@S"vX"Y"B"sN"pu{_"O"p O\"X"o $ Y"{T"
T"OY"u@z S"ue"e"Y"u&{T" e"vB"sNY"X"{_O" O"P"p{T" e"vB"sNY"O"pZO"XY"{X"` T"{O"T"pX"o $ ZG"puBpsN"p{R"Y"z
Q{b"N"S"ue"u, _"f\"B"sN"p{R"Y"z \"pX"S"ue"u, O"X"puB"sN"p{R"Y"z UpS"ue"u, _"f\"B"sN"p{R"Y"z \"p $$54$$
Uzu &
_vh \kzumk Cu E! EQ P[P,
, w |vP [P PnkQx. EP Ptu
\n P[P Tkx Av\. Gz yUP } Cu
[PzuU Psk x! u zv CP Gh |m
Psk PsP. ]P P PkPPz uzuP
Cx TkQ. Uuh u \mh. Au |hux
|hUQx. x Pso SnvPP, Chx Pso
zSnvPP, |UPso u SnvPP kQx.
|UPso zSnvP T. (54)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
T"sS"_O"Qu\"pSY"P"puOT"bu "O"u - T"{\"e"r@O"s{ X"{O" $ T""sT"{O": {"\": O"uS" T"ZpR"rS"z QY"z
Y"_Y"p: _"p {"\"pY"f"{E"f"p $ T""sT"O"p{\"\"pc"O"Y"p T""s"VQ\"pEY"G"S"p\"S"T"ZpY"N"QY"p
\"uOY"{W"_"{SR": $ O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{: ù T""sT"{O"T"ZpR"rS"QY"u $ S": W"G"S"pS"_X"pS"o,
T"{\"e"r@O"s| "puXl "u\" $ @s{"z {W"QlZz T"{\": {O" @pu"pO"o T"{\"z e"pY"O" {O" T"{\"e" S:
O"O_"X"pS"r@O"s| E"uOY"{W"_"{SR": $ {_"O"p{_"O"u _"qZO"pv Y"e" _"zB"O"u OY"p{QdsO"u: $
94
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 54
N"R"\"Y"pX"{E"{W": Z"sW"S"r@p{SO"@{O"v: $ {@z E" QY"p{X"e"v: @wT"p\"{:

S"ue"vS"Y"S"v: $ "puN"_O"QpAY"pu Z\"N"pu S"Q: T"sTz "\"p`:, B"p W"pB"rZP"r "uO"\"N"p, O"T"S"O"S"Y"p
Y"X"sS"p S"r\"N"Ou Y"u\"zT"pN"pz e"Y"pN"pz O"rP"pS"pz T"sNY"G"pS"pz S"C"z z S"C"pu&T"pT"Y"pu: {O" R"Z{N": $ S"C"u {O" T"pKu> Qu\"r _"zV"s{:... ... (T"{\"e"r@O"s{ X"{O" $ ù
T""sT"{O"T"ZpR"rS"QY"u, drT"Z{"\"pY"f"{E"f"u QY"p{X"e"v: @pNY"T"tN"v: , N"R"\"Y"pX"{E"{W": N"O\"z ZZp{G"^"s, R"\"O\"z T"pW"pB"u, Y"pX"O\"z @w^N"X"NL> {O" {e"R"p
\"N"{\"SY"p_"uS" "puW"X"pS"v: S"ue"v: S": _X"pS"o T"{\"e"r@O"s| S"Q: "puN": {`ZNY"V"p`l" "puN"pu
{`ZNY"V"p`l: _Y"pO"o OY"X"Z: $ B"p G"p\"r E", O"T"S"O"S"Y"p @p{SQr E"u{O" e"Y"pN"pz
G"B"OT"{_"pS"pz X"`pO"rP"pS"pz _"zW"uQz _"z_"B"|, SY"puSY"X"uS"z T"S"Y"{_" $ ù S"C"u T"pT""ru,
O\""ZN"{S"ZO"pS"pz W"pS"pz O\"{O"Zu@u N" O"rP"puT "pdY"pu \Y"P" \" $ Y"f\"QrY"p\"pu@S"_"zT"""pzW"\"\"uR"Qrb"p"s"sb"{N"O"Ob"N"l-> _"X"_O"QlqZO"O"tT"s"O"Y"p {S"OY""sp \" T"qZT"tN"p
p_"O"u $ O"P"p {` O"rP"p{S" O"puY"T"tN"p{S" Qu\"pST"p^"pN"X"wNX"Y"pS"o $ Y"pu{B"S"pu S" T"T"SO"u
pOX"RY"pS"T"ZpY"N"p: $ {O" $ S" \"pqZN"p "s{O" E"pSO"ZpOX"p {O" E") $$ 54 $$
Anv &
_v \mh Ezv! _{ E UPUPUP
u! Gz ykzxuP, \, s
P Psk u |m sh Es PsP, \n P[P,
, [Phxha \Q. E Pn u }h
u. E Ph mk \w g_ _mh
Gx y E UuP Q. uzx }{
Auzz yuUP u. (54)
pS"SQqBpZrY"p
T"{\"e"r@O"s{ X"{O" $ ù T""sT"{O"T"ZpR"rS"QY"u X"`pQu\"@p{X"{S", O\"z S"ue"v: @wT"Y"p e"Y"pN"pz
O"rP"pS"pz _"zW"uQz _">ZX"T"t\"| T"Y"pB"X"X"sz T"S"Y"_"r{O" Mz> X"SY"u $ T"{\"e"r@O"s| G"SX"X"ZN"T"V"SR"pSR"@pZ_"z_"pZ_"zV"SR"S"T"ZX"pY"pT"J>:v X"{S"r@wO"pS"o S": _X"pS"o T"{\"e"{Y"O"sX"o$
T"ZpuT"@pZ\Y"{O"Zu@u N" O"\" O"rP"\"`S"u T"Y"puG"S"z S"p_O"rOY"O" p` $ S"C"u T"pT"pOX"O"pW"p\"\"{O" $ O"\" O"s T"pT"_"zV"SR"pu S"p{_O", Y"uS" _\"pP"| \"`_"rOY"sEY"uO" $ S"vZT"ubY"X"p` {@zb"N"vS"ue "v: QY"p{X"e"v:, QY"p {X"e"z Y"u^"pz O"p{S" O"v:, QY"pY"p {X"e"v\"p QY"p_"`@wO"v: $
O"p\"O"p O"\" {S"T"p{R"@wT"pX"SP"qZO" @J>pb"{\"b"uT"X"pe"uN" T"ZX"T"p{T"S"pu&{T" O"rP"ZpG"T"Y"pB"G"@pu@L>Y"u\" _"X"\"R"tO"_"\"p_"S"_"@T"pT"p: _"SO":, _\"B"pT"\"B"Y"pub X"rX"T"p-
95
@sX> "sO_"`SO"u OY"su S" O\"z T"ZX"@N"p@pQz{V"S"r{O" R\"{S"O"X"o $ O"rP"X"p` - S"Q: "puN"pu B"p
O"T"S"O"S"Y"u{O" $ O"T"S"O"S"Y"p Y"X"sS"p $ "puN"pu S"Q:, S"uS" ZG"puB"sN"T"R"pS"p _"Z_\"O"r$ "puN"pu
S"Qpu \"p $ Y"{T" O"_Y" ZT"O"p S"p{_O" O"P"p{T" "puN"S"pX"np "VQV"uS" ZW"pB"\"N"S"X"o $
@"v: S"ue"v:, N"p{Q{E"{W": $ P"\"p T"OY"u@z {E"e"Y"X"{T" $ Y"{T" V""{\"^N"spQrS"pX"{T" _"u\Y"p _\"O"Se"p W"s\"S"W"Y"W"\Y"_"{S"S"r W"s\"S"u"Zr, O"P"p{T" T"{O"\"O"pR"X"T"ZpY"N"p_"rOY"p` T""sT"{O"T"ZpR"rS"-QY"u{O"$ _" O"s T""sT"{O":, O\"z E" pu@puf"Z_"@\Y"\"`pZE"pO"sZrE"X"O@pZE"O\"ZrW"tO"p, O"P"p{T" R"X"X"pB"T"\"{O"@u {O" W"p\": $ T"{\"e"r@O"s| S":
{O" T"_Y" Z`_Y"pP":- E"O"sQ "X"p` - T"{\"e"r T"N"\":, @O"s| S"X":, T""sT"{O"T"ZpR"rS"QY"u
W"B"\"{O" Qu\"Qu{\" QY"p{X"e"v: S"ue"v: _"\"_"z`pZ@pZ@u, N" G"pO"\"uQ{_", R"\" Y"pX" G\",
{E"{W": Qz T"QX"pX"{u L>O"z, S"Q: "puN"pu B"p `pz `rz `mX"o O"T"S"O"S"Y"p _""O"S"Y"pu ZuU: Qz
e"Y"pN"pz O"rP"pS"pz G\"ppX"p{S"r W"uQ z S"C"u X\"p`p $ puz S"X"pu W"B"\"{O"
G\"ppX"p{{S" Qu\"Qu{\" _"\"W"tO"_"z`pZ@pZ@u G"pO"\"uQ{_" G\"{SO" G\" G\" T"G\"
T"G\" pz rz mz Z Z Z Z Z Z Z G\"ppX"p{{S" `lz UJo> _\"p`p $ G\"ppX"p{S"r $$54$$
BQ &
UPmh _ Gz yUP }
PsP |vP [Pzu G AQ PnQ. Pn
US Euu Cu [Pzv Cm]. } A|P& _.
E UP \n & P[P & [Pzv
}kQ. zvP h } _v
\mh. EQUS Amh B UP A
\. K | Pv uu uPP
uu v
m G v Cu P]. (54)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
T"{\"e"r@O"s{ X"{O" - ù S"C"u {S"^T"pT"u, T""sT"{O"T"ZpR"rS"QY"u T""sT"{O"S"p T"ZpR"rS"z QY"z
Y"_Y"p: _"p O"_Y"p: _"zV"puR"S"z, `Zp@w>QY"u OY"P": $ O\""ue"v: e"Y"pN"pz O"rP"pS"pz
_"zW"uQX"sT"S"Y"{_" T"pT"Y"_"r{O" R"\s "z {S"{"O"X"u\" $ {@z O"O"o O"rP"|, O"e"p` - "puN"pu S"Q:, B"p
{\"^N"sT"Qr, O"T"S"O"S"Y"p Y"X"sS"p {O" e"Y"pN"pz O"rP"pS"p{X"{O", V"`lS"pz S"QpS"pz
{\"X"pS"O\"pf"uQ@z "puN"T"QX"o $ @P"{X"{O" O"e"p` - {@z{\"R"vS"ue "v:, N"R"\"Y"pX"{E"{W":, N"p E" R"\"p E" Y"pX"p E" {E"Y"u^ "s O"v:, pNY"uS" "puN"puT"X"p, R"\"O"Y"p
B"puT"X"p Y"pX"O"Y"p Y"X"sS"puT"X"p $ {@z O"rP"| X"Y"p {\"R"rY"O"u, O"e"p` - S": _X"pS"o T"{\"e"r@O"s|
96
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 54
{O"@wO"pT"ZpR"pS"o W"pS"o T"p\"{Y"O"s,z T"sS": {@z{\"R"vS"ue "v:, QY"p{X"dv: QY"Y"p {X"dp{N" O"v: $
X"sz _\"_"u\"pEY"sO"z @pu&S"s@XT"uO"u{O" QY"p\"{: $$ 54 $$
uzw
]x \zv E! ! E PsP
BP Cnzx. Gz ykzu Cu Cn. uPu
E PsP u |uh PmkQx. EP
. (54)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
T"ZX"T"p\"S"O\"uS" G"B"OT"{_"{e"\"uN"rT"@uN" S"ue"e"Y"z \"N"Y"{O" $ T"{\"e"r@O"s{ X"{O" $
T"ZpR"rS"z T"ZO"Se"z, T""sT"{O"S"p T"ZpR"rS"z QY"z Y"_Y"p_O"O_"zV"puR"S"z, O"P"p ù S"C"u, S" {\"O"u
C"z T"pT"z Y"_Y"p: _X"ZN"p{QS"p _"p S"C"p, O"O_"zV"puR"S"z O"P"p $ S"pu&_X"pST"{\"e"r@O"s|
S"ue"vY"pN"pz O"rP"pS"pz _"zW"uQz _"X"X"sT"S"Y"{_" T"pT"Y"{_" $ R"\s "z "u $ {O"T"{_"p V"spv
_"{"R"pTY"p` - X"s{X"{O" $ @p{S" O"rP"pS"rOY"T"ub"pY"pX"p` - S"Q {O" $ S"Q"VQuS"pe" S"Qr
bY"O"u $ _"p E" _"Z_\"O"r $ O" \" "puN""VQpu&e" T"qZE"pY"@: $ _"Z_\"OY"p _"Z_\"O"r
ZG"puT"p @{SQG"u{O" T"sZpN"u ZG"puT"\"N"S"pO"o$ ZG"" pu{Ò"{X"{O" _"pzAY"u _"X"Y"u
T"{_"X"u\" $ SY"P"pS"sT"T"{f"" b"N"pV"rG"X"o $ \"uN"r_"pY"pP"| S"ue"p{N" {\"{"S"{> N"u{O" $ _T">X"o $ QY"p {X"e"z Y"u^"pz O"v: $ QY"p{X"e"O\"z E" O"rP"u& {T" Y"puGY"X"o $ T"ZX"puT"@pZ@O\"pf"rP"pS"pX"o $ N"O\"p{Q@z _T">X"u\" \"uNY"pX"o $ P"\"p "puN"pu S"Q \" $ O"P"pE"pW"tO"puT"X"p $ T""sT"qO"T"ZpR"rS"`QY"u S"C"u {O" E" T"QY"uS" T"ZX"T"{O"\"O"pY"p: T"ZX"T"p\"SY"p"
W"\"pSY"p S"ue"pN"pz O"rP"T"O"p Y"sv\"u{O" R\"SY"O"u $$ 54 $$
uzu\vP
\n|u w |v. x EP E.
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù T""sT"{O"T"ZpR"rS"QY"u ! drT"ZX"u"ZpY"f"QY"u, QY"p{X"e"v: @pNY"_"XT"tN"v:
N"R"\"Y"pX"{E"{W":, N"O\"z ZZp{G"^"s, R"\"O\"X"T"pW"pB"u, Y"pX"O\"z
@w^N"X"NL>u {O" {e"R"p \"N"{\"SY"p_"uS" "puW"X"pS"vS"ue "v:, S": _X"pS"o T"{\"e"r@O"|s
pu@T"p\"S"pS"o @O"sX "o, S"Q: "puNp: {`ZNY"V"p`l", "puN"pu {`ZNY"V"p`l: _Y"p{QOY"X"Z: $ B"p
G"p\"r O"T"S"O"S"Y"p @p{SQr E" {O" e"Y"pN"pz G"B"OT"{_"pS"pz X"`pO"rP"pS"pz _"XW"uQz _"z_"B"|
SY"puSY"X"uS"z, T"S"Y"{_" _"XT"pQY"{_"$ ù S"C"u ! T"pT""ru, O\""ZN"{S"ZO"pS"pz W"pS"pz
97
O\"{O"Zu@u N" O"rP"puT "pdY": \Y"P" \" $ O\"QrY"ppu@S"_T"""pXW"\"\"uR"Qrb"p"s"sb"{N"O"Ob"N"l_> "X"_O"QlqZO"O"tT"s"O"Y"p {S"OY"T"qZ"sp \" T"qZT"tN"p_O"u $ O"P"p {` - O"rP"p{S"
O"puY"T"tN"p{S" Qu\"pS"o T"p^"pN"X"wNX"Y"pS"o $ Y"pu{B"S"pu S" T"T"SO"u pOX"RY"pS"T"ZpY"N"p: $ {O" $
S" \"pqZN"p "sRY"{O" E"pSO"ZpOX"p {O" E" $$ 54 $$
isi
s G |v \n. EP Ei.
(54)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
T"{\"e"r@O"s{ X"{O" $ ù T""sT"{O"T"ZpR"rS"QY"u ! {"\"pR"rS"X"pS"_"u, S"C"u {S"^T"pT"u, R"\s "z
{S"{"O"z, S"pu&_X"pS"o T"{\"e"r@O"s| S"ue"v: "puN"pu S"Q:, B"p {e"T"P"B"p, O"T"S"O"S"Y"p Y"X"sS"p
{O" e"Y"pN"pz O"rP"pS"pX"X"sz _"XW"uQz _"X"X"sT"S"Y"{_" T"pT"Y"{_", S"ue"v: @"v:? QY"p{X"e"v:
QY"v\" {X"e"z Y"u^"pz O"v:, T"sS": @"v:? N"R"\"Y"pX"{E"{W": Z"s@w^N"@p{SO"{W": $
{\"^N"sT"b"uT""sT"{O"T"ZpR"rS"{Q{O" B"p{\""u^"N"X"o $ Y"p T""sT"{O"T"ZpR"rS"QY"u{O" B"p{\""u^"N"X"o $ QY"u{O" Y"X"sS"p{\""u^"N"X"o$ O"e" z @pX"z QQp{O" Q: dr@w^N"_O"z O"O_"pY"z
Y"pO"rOY"P": $ W"Y"pu: @w^N"\"N"O\"pO"o $ S"C"u _P"pS"u X"sA"T"u e"Y"pN"pz O"rP"pS"pz _"XW"uQX"sT"S"Y"_"rOY"P": $ S"C"u {S"^T"pT"u G"S"u QY"p{X"e"vqZ{O" \"p S\"Y": $$ 54 $$
Pu
Tu. q zv _vh Ezu Cu
P[P. S P Chzv Cu |vP CnQ. (54)
pS"SQ`Zr
T"{\"e"r@O"s{ X"{O" $ X"sz _"zW"uQz _"zB"X"X"sT"S"Y"{_" T"pT"Y"{_" {S"@Jz> T"pT"Y"{_" $ @"vS"ue "v:, QY"Y"p _"` _"Qp {\"`pqZ{W": $ {X"dvqZ{O" T"pKu> _"zV"vqZOY"P": $ N"R"\"Y"pX"p
E"Y"pu Y"u^"pz O"v:$ N"z ZX"o $ O" \" O"rP"e"Y"O\"uS"puOT"{u b"O"X"o $ "puN"_Y"pN"O\"pzB"pY"p
R"\"O\"pO"o Y"X"sS"pY"p: Y"pX"O\"pO"o $ _"zW"uQ: {_"SR"s_"X" OY"X"Z: $$ 54 $$
Bu
UP EPu. (54)
*
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 55
98
{S"X"u^"puSX"u^"pWY"pz T"Y"X"sQY"z Y"p{O" G"B"O"r

O"\"uOY"p`l: _"SO"pu R"Z{N"R"ZZpG"SY"O"S"Y"u $
O\"QlSX"u^"p"pO"z G"B"{QQX""u^"z T"Y"O":
T"qZe"pO"sz "u1 T"qZO"{S"X"u^"p_O"\" ": $$ 55 $$
{ u v Pw
uz:u uou u| >
zxu Pvu\ u:
zx \[P 1 u {u z\: >> 55
1. X"SY"u .
u :& uou u|! = \ P! u E
{, E Ps izvzu; Pw = EP; Eu v
= mh AhQx. Cvu: B: = G |
T. zxz u Cu A\ Pz = E Ps vzu
() Hmh Cu EPzu u:= zvx zx
PUP, u z\: E PsP u {:-& hz uzx G \[P
& IkQ. ({UQ.)
E {z u |: Pzuz, Pz u}
G u |[P { .
bX"rR"Zp
{S"X"u^"pu S"pX" T"bX"N"pz X"s@s rW"p\":, e" SX"u^"pu S"pX" S"Y"S"u T"bX"{\"@p_":, O"pWY"pz
Y"P"p@X"z, T"Y"z _"z`pZz, QY"z \"z, Y"p{O" T"pT"np{u O" $ G"B"O"r G"B"O"o O"\" W"\"OY"p:, {O" \"z,
p`l: V"\s "O"u $ V"\s ": T""pS"pX"p{QO": p`pQu": $ _"SO": _"OT"s^"p: \Y"p_"pQY": $
{>_"w{>\"p{QX"O"u c"pS"\Y"{O"Zu@u N" c"uY"pW"p\"pO"o {S"X"u^"puSX"u^"pWY"p{X"OY"su Zp"_Y"{X"{O"
RY"uY"X"o $ R"Z{N"R"ZZpG"SY"O"S"Y"u ! {`X"pE"T"s{e"@u ! O\"QlSX"u^"pO"o O"\" T"bX"_T"SQpO"o G"pO"z
G"B"O"o W"s\"S"z, Qz T"qZY"X"pS"z "u^"z @wOz, T"Y"O": X"`p_"z`pZpO"o, T"qZe"pO"sz Z{b"O"s,z "u $
T"qZO"{S"X"u^"p: {O"Z_@wO"p{b"_T"SQp:, O"\" ": S"Y"S"p{S" $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"pR"Z{N"R"ZZpG"SY"O"S"Y"u ! O"\" {S"X"u^"puSX"u^"pWY"pz G"B"O"r T"Y"X"sQY"z Y"pO"r{O" _"SO": p`l:
O": O\"QlSX"u^"pO"o G"pO"z "u^"z Qz G"B"O"o T"Y"O": T"qZe"pO"sz O"\" ": T"qZO"{S"X"u^"p: {O"
"u $ e"puOT"bu "ppZ: $ Qu\"O"pS"pX"{S"X"u^"O\"z _\"W"p\"{_"X"o: O"" G"B"O_"zZb"N"pP"{X"{O"
{S"X"u^"puSX"u^"pv - Ps C
99
UO\"uS"puOT"bu "N"pO"o UpuOT"bu "p $ O"e" {S"X"u^"puSX"u^"Q"pY"pz O"pv G"B"QlOT"{f"Y"p{\"{O" Qu\Y"p:

X"{`X"p \"pDoX">S"_"B"puE"Z {O" \"_O"s R\"SY"O"u $ O": pZuN" \"_O"sR\"{S": $$ 55 $$
u
PsP ku {. Pso u E. EP x
ux PsP Cu C A\ G | &
u & T. EP hUPx. \ P! E
C A\ Hmh EPzu Pzx Ax PUP, E
PsP CP A\uz uzxmh. uP PsP CP
kv. Ax EP A PUP. E Ps C i .
(55)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
ù R"Z{N"R"ZZpG"SY"O"S"Y"u $ O"\" {S"X"u^"puSX"u^"pWY"pz T"Y"X"sQY"z Y"p{O" G"B"O"r T"wP\"r,
G"B"O"rOY"sT"b"N"z, _"@z G"B"O"o $ G"B"O"r"VQ: G"B"pE"@ OY"{W"Y"s\"E"S"{X"{O" $ _"SO":
T"ZX"pP"Q"pY"pz {E"{p_"z {\""z T"Y"SO": $ O\"QlSX"u^"pO"o G"pO"z G"B"{QQX""u^"z T"Y"O":
T"qZe"pO"sz T"qZO"{S"X"u^"p: O"\" ":$ SX"rS"pO"o G"pO"z G"B"O"o O"QpS"rz E" {S"X"rS"u G"pO"u
OT""X"u\" T"Y"SO" {O" ùO"pu: {S"{X"^"S"Y"S"p O\"{X"{O" W"p\":$ {S"Z{O""Y"pS"SQX"YY"p \"
V""p{\"S"pW"tO"{E"EF>u : Qu\"O"p"ZrZpuT"p{R"X"\"XV"X"pS"pY"p: _\"pW"p{\"@z O"QSY"P"p
T"_O"tY"O" OY"T"l{O"Zu\" $$
Uzu}
| E ]z\Uv CP G. Bu
i } zu mh Pu]z \Uv. uu \ PshPz
vUSx CuPU Ps. (55)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
{S"X"u^"uOY"p{Q $ ù R"Z{N"R"ZZpG"SY"O"S"Y"u ! "vZpG"SY"O"S"Y"u ! {S"X"u^"puSX"u^"pWY"pz, O"\"
S"Y"S"Y"pu: {S"X"rS"puSX"rS"pWY"pz T"Y"z _"z`pZz QY"z _"w{z> E" @X", G"B"O"r @e"r
_"X"_O"W"s\"S"p\"{Y"p{O" T"pT"np{u O" $ _"SO": W"tO"W"{\"^Y"O"X"pS"{\"Q: p`l: {S"B"Q{SO" $ V"\s ":
T""pS"pX"p{QO" p`pu V"\s ": OY"p`pQu": $ Y"{QOP"z \"Q{SO" O"OT"pY"uN" _"OY"{X"{O"
T"{O"T"pQY"{SO" O\"{Q{O" $ O\"QlSX"u^"pO"o O"\" puE"S"puSX"rS"pO"o G"pO"z VR"_"f"p@z G"B"O"o Qz,
{"\"p{Q{b"{O"T"Y"SO"O"f\"G"p{\"{S"{X"O"z W"s\"S"_"z_P"pS"z T"Y"@X"O": _"z`pZO": _"@p"pO"o
T"qZe"pO"sz Z{b"O"sz T"qZO"{S"X"u^"p: {S"X"rS"Z{Ò"p: O"\" " {O" "u {O" \"pY"pP": @X" $
100
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 55
{_X""P"u @pX"{_"{_O"pue"u W"B"\"O"rW"{puE"tLp> X"{N": dr\"O_"ZpG"pu&TY"p` pu@p"O"sQ " X"ùSX"sA"p" Qu\"p: X"t{O"e"Y"z X"s{S"B"N"p" \"{_">X"sAY"p: $ _"pu W"\"{SO" S"
W"\"{SO" _"X"_O"X"tO"u SX"rS"uS" O"\" Qu{\" {S"X"rS"uS" $$ {O" $ _"\"p_"pX"{T" Qu\"pS"pS"pz
{S"{X"^"puE"S"O\"z \"O"O"u $ O"B"\"OY"p {T" _\"W"p\"{_"X"o $ Qu\"G"p{O"T"{_"z
{S"{X"^"puE"S"O\"X"sOT"bu Y"O"u @{\"S"u{O" X"SO"\Y"X"o $ W"B"\"OY"p puE"S"Y"puZ\u "pY"z T"W"p\":
Y"O@pY"@pZN"T"pv\"pT"Y"\Y"\"_P"p\Y"{O"Zu@u N" E"puT"pQpS"@pZN"T"t\"{S"Y"O"{\"X"pS"O"p\Y"{O"Zu@u N"
E" V"s{X"O@O"w\ "pDoX"S""ZrZE"up> {\"ZùN" E"pS"uS" X"Se"O"Se"_"p{R"O"vSG"p{@Y"pu{B"T"s^"
@ZO"@{O" "s{T"IF>@pW"X"N"X"pe"u O"Ob"N" _"zT"p{QO" @T"J>_"X"s B"SR"\"S"B"Zp{Q _"pY"uS"
_\"pOX"{_P"O"X"u\" {\""z T"T""z W"B"\"OY"p puE"S"X"u\" _"wG"{O" Zb"{O" _"z`ZO"rOY"pB"X"T"{_"p
_\"W"p\"pu{Zu\" X"SO"\Y"p $ S" {` T"ZX"pP"\"E"S"\"upY"pz @{\"@{T"O"{X"PY"pT"puOT"bu "ppZ_"zW"\"{O" $$ 55 $$
Anv &
\ P! E PsP ku vzu EP
uzu uP UPnu T. Ax
A \. ] u E EP E Pszu
Eshx. Ax AvUP Ps kuz uzxx. z
Pzv uzvzv C{ USQ. vS EP[P
Cv u uP zvP P E Ps
hvzu E. Psh AP Cv. uu Ps
CP hx. uUS Cx C. v uv P u Cv
UP u P uP Bmi Ph, Pu
|P uU Pmkx , Pn P EPz u
kzxQ. Ah AP E EP CuU PsP
EPP hzxU Pzx UQ. (55)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
{S"X"u^"puSX"u^"pWY"p{X"{O" $ T"Y"O"pu&"u^"z G"B"{b"O"sz T"qZO"{S"X"u^"p:, SX"u^"pS"SO"Zz O"Qv\"
{S"X"u ^ "u {@ Y"X"pN"u , X"s { S"\"E"S"_Y" T" X "pN"O\"pO"o G"B"O": T" Y"pu W"{\"^Y"O"r{O" @w T"Y"p
T"qZOY"{S"X"u ^ "p: $ SY"P"p {S"{S" X "u ^ "O\"u @pZN"pSO"Zz S"p{_O" $ {@z b"N"z G"B"O"o ,
O\"QlSX"u^"p"pO"X"o $ O"p\"O"p _\"Y"X"sOT"p{QO"_Y" _\"_X"pQu\" S"p"u Y"QS"pv{E"OY"z O"OT"qZ`pZ: $
O"Qlz - {\"^"\"wb"pu&{T" _"z\"RY" _\"Y"z Fu>f"sX"_"pzT"O"X"o $ S"uS" T"uS" Qu\"O\"z _\"W"p\"{_"z
T"ZX"u"Y"p \"{N"O"X"o $ Qu\"p: _\"W"p\"pO"o {e"Q"p: A"\"uO"u&S"SO"X"S\"SO"ZpY"s^"pu&{S"X"u^"E"b"s^"pu
S"W""pqZN": @pX"B"p: {e"S"Y"S"E"O"sW"sG"pQY": $ _X"QpQY"_O"s Q"Q"p: "O"\"^"T"ZX"pY"s^":
{S"X"u^"puSX"u^"pv - Ps C
101
T"qZW"X""b"s^"pu W"tE"Zp: T"{O"Ò"B"O"Y"pu {W"sG"S"Y"S"p: $ {S"X"u^"puSX"u^"u{O"T"Z`_Y"pP":- {S"X"u^"u{O"$

O"u {S"X"u^"puSX"u^"pWY"pz G"B"O"r X"Se"X"Y"r O\"QR"X"pe"p{R">pS"pS"{R">pS"pWY"pz, Y"e"v\" O"\"p{R">pS"z
O"e"v\"puQY": T"@p" O"ZP"p O\"QlSX"u^"p"pO"z O\"Y"pR"X"pe"pSO":@ZN"pOX"@O"Y"p $ @"pu ":$
O"O"_O"p_O\"Q_"zW"tO"pzpO"sz _"p\"R"pS"p: _"\"e" _"SO"r{O" $$ 55 $$
BuQ
u! E PsP E vu PsP Esh EP Auz
ukUP Cu {zvmh. u EshUQx Au
mix G EPUS. uP CP n G
{. Ps CUPu. PsP |S PP G u
CUS mh {. E v A zv AUP
Ea\ | Pshx. } CUShzv J Au x u
JQx. Au Ehx uU Pv P
PQ. (55)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
{S"X"u^"puSX"u^"pWY"p{X"{O" $ ù R"Z{N"R"ZZpG"SY"O"S"Y"u, R"Z{N"R"Zpu {`X"p{: , _" \" ZpG"SY"pu
ZpG"p O"_Y" O"S"Y"u T"s{e", _"SO" OY"p`l: $ _"SO"pu vT"pY"S"T"sZ__"Zp OY"p`l: $ O"r{O" {@X"o $
G"B"O"r T"wP\"r O"\" {S"X"u^"puSX"u^"pWY"pz T"Y"X"sQY"z E" Y"p{O" $ {S"X"u^""puSX"u^"" O"pWY"pz, {S"X"u^"pu
{>X"rS"z, SX"u^" SX"rS"z O"pWY"pz {\""T"Y"puQY"pv W"\"O" {O" \"Q{SO" $ O": @pZN"pQ`{X"{O"
"u , {O" {@z, QX""u^"z G"B"OT"qZe"pO"sz O"\" ": T"qZO"{S"X"u^"p W"\"{SO" $ T"qZO"p {S"X"u^"p
Y"p_"pz O"p: $ {S"X"u^"Z{Ò"p OY"P": $ {@zW"tO"z G"B"O"o, O\"QlSX"u^"p"pO"z, O"\" SX"u^": {S"X"u^"T"qZ`pZ:
O"_X"pO"o G"pO"_Y" G"B"O": T"Y"pu X"p_O"s {O" {R"Y"p "pz {S"X"u^"T"qZ`pZ: @wO" {O" W"p\": $$ 55 $$
uzw &
UP EPu. (55)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
T"sS"Z{T" S"ue"pNY"sOT"bu "X"pN"pu
\"N"Y"{O" - {S"X"u^"puSX"u^"pWY"p{X"{O" $
SX"u^"pu&{b"T"bX"{\"W"pB"G"{S"O"p {@Y"p $ O"wO"rY"p ùO"pv $ G"B"O"r e"vpuY"z E"O"sX"sA "T"R"pZr
drS"pZpY"N"pu Y"Qp {S"p{O" O"Qp e"vpuY"z S"Y"{O", Y"Qp E" G"pB"{O" O"Qp G"B"QlQOu "r{O" _"SO"pu
\Y"p_"pQY"pu \"QSO"rOY"P": W"\"pS"r {\"^N"sqZ{O" T"sZpN"\"pY"p{"R"pZY"O"u, O"P"p @v\" X"t{O":
T"ZX"u"Z_Y" {W""p E"O"sR"p \Y"\"`pZ@pu $ W"puB"u W"\"pS"r T"s^"u E" {\"^N"s: @puR"u E" @pr _"X"Zu
E" QlB"p {O" "u O"@Y"p{X" $ T"qZO"p {S"X"u^"pu Y"p{W"_O"p: $ _T">X"SY"O"o $$ 55 $$
102
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 56
uzu\vP
|n |PP P{z Ex EP Qx. A

zvUP EP kQx G. a J zv
C x P, BtP Ex qP, Pzv
PP, xUPP Ex G. UQ P
Ex Ps kv. (55)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù R"Z{N"R"ZZpG"SY"O"S"Y"u "vZpG"S"{SQ{S", W"tR"ZuSO"S"tG"u $ {S"X"u^"puSX"u^"pWY"pz O"\"
puE"S"Y"pu: {S"X"rS"puSX"rS"pWY"pz T"Y"z _"z`pZz QY"z _"w{z> E" @X" G"B"O"r @e"r
_"X"_O"W"s\"S"p- \"{Y"p{O" T"pT"np{u O", {O" - _"SO"pu W"tO"W"{\"^Y"O"X"pS"{\"Q: p`l:
{S"B"Q{SO" $ V"\s ": T""pS"pX"p{QO" p`pu V"\s ": OY"p`pQu": $ Y"{QOP"z \"Q{SO" O"OT"pY"uN"
_"OY"{X"{O" T"{O"T"pQY"{O"$ O\"QlSX"u^"pO"o O"\" puE"S"puSX"rS"pO"o G"pO"z VR"_"f"p@z G"B"{QQz
{"\"p{Q{b"{O"T"Y"SO" O"O\"G"p{\"{S"{X"O"W"s\"S"_"z_P"pS"z @X", T"Y"O": _"z`pZO": _"@p"pO"o
T"qZe"pO"sz Z{b"O"sz T"qZO"{S"X"u^"p: {S"X"rS"Z{Ò"p: O"\" ": {O" "u \"pY"pP"@X" $
{_X""P"u W"B"\"O"rW"E"tLp> X"{N": dr\"O_"ZpG"pu&{T" @pX"{_"{_O"pue"u&{T" \"pS"o pu@u E"O"sQ "X"ùSX"sA"p" Qu\"p X"pO"Y"r X"s{S"B"N"p" \"{_">X"sAY"p: $ _"pu W"\"{SO" S"
W"\"{SO" _"X"_O"X"tO"u SX"rS"uS" O"\" Qu{\" {S"X"rS"uS" $$ _"\"p_"pX"{T" Qu\"pS"pS"pX"{S"X"u^"puE"S"z \"O"O"u$ O"B"\"OY"p {T" _\"W"p\"{_"z Qu\"G"pO"T"{_"X"{S"X"u^"puE"S"O\"X"sOT"bu Y"O"u
@{\"S"p {O" S" X"SO"\Y"z, W"B"\"OY"p puE"S"Y"puZ\u "pY"z T"W"p\": Y"O@X"@pZN"T"pv\"pT"Y"\Y"\"_P"p\Y"{O"Zu@u N" E" T"pQpS"@pZN"T"t\"{S"Y"O"{\"X"pS"O"p\Y"{O"Zu@u N" {` V"s{X"O@O"\Y"\"pDoX"S""ZrZE"up> {\"ZùN" S"u@O"Se"X"Se"_"p{R"O"v: G"p{@Y"pu{B"T"s^"@ZO"@{O""s {T"EF>pW"X"N"X"pe" T"qZb"N"_"zT"p{QO"@T"J>_"X"sB"SR"\"S"B"Zp{Q_"pY"uS" _\"pOX"{_P"O"X"u\" {\""T"T""z
W"B"\"OY"p puE"S"X"u\" _"wG"{O" Zb"{O" _"z`Z{O" OY"pB"X""ppuT"{_"_\"W"p\"pu{Zu\"
X"SO"\Y"p $ S" {` T"ZX"pP"\"E"S"\"upY"pz @{\"@{T"O"{X"PY"ppZpuOT"bu "ppZ {O" $$ 55 $$
isi &
UP EP Eu. (55)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
{S"X"u^"u{O" - ù R"Z{N"R"ZZpG"SY"O"S"Y"u "vp{R"ZpG"_"sO"u ! {S"X"u^"puSX"u^"pWY"pX"{b"{S"X"rS"puSX"rS"pWY"pz, G"B"O"r T"w{P"\"r, T"Y"z S"p"z QY"X"sOT"{f"z Y"p{O" T"pT"np{u O" {O" _"SO" p`l: $
@NppSO"{\"dpSO"S"ue"p - Px }sh PhU Ps
103
O\"QlSX"u^"pf"\" puE"S"puSX"rS"pf"OT"pQlW"tO "X""u^"z G"B"O"o T"Y"O": _"z`pZpO"o T"qZe"pO"sz O"\" ":

T"qZO"{S"X"u^"p: OY"{S"X"rS"p: {O" p>u O"@Y"pX"rOY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - ù R"Z{N"R"Z
T"w{P"\"rR"Z ! ZpG"SY"O"S"Y": _"X"s: O"{_X"S"o O"\" {S"X"u^"puSX"u^"pWY"pz G"B"O"r T"Y"z rS"O"pz QY"z
\Y"{z Y"pO"rOY"P": $$ 55 $$
Pu
UP EP Eu. q zv & upu & z
u[S! u|:& P A\ P z x x
E . (55)
pS"SQ`Zr
{S"X"u^"puSX"u^"pWY"p{X"{O" $ ù R"Z{N"R"ZZpG"SY"O"S"Y"u T"\"O"ZpG"T"s{e", O"\" {S"X"u^"puSX"u^"pWY"pz
S"ue"{S"X"rS"puSX"rS"pWY"pz G"B"O"r {e"G"B"O"r T"wP\"r \"p T"Y"z S"p"z QY"X"sOT"X"pS"O"pz
Y"P"p_"zAY"z Y"pO"r{O" _"SO": T"{NL>O"p p`l: $ O": `{X"{O" "u OT"ub "u, {@{X"OY"pÒ\"QlSX"u^"pO"o O"\" S"ue"puSX"rS"pO"o G"pO"z QX""u^"z _"X"_O"z G"B"OT"Y"O"pu {\"S"p"pOT"qZe"pO"sz Z{b"O"sz
O"\" "pu S"ue"p{N" {@z T"qZO"{S"X"u^"p: OY"{S"X"rS"p: $ Qu\"O"pO\"uS" _\"W"p\"O"pu&{S"X"u^"O\"X"u\"X"sOT"{u b"O"X"o $$ 55 $$
Bu
UP EP Eu (55)
*
O"\"pT"N"u @N"uG "T"S"Y"S"T"v"sSY"E"{@O"p:

{S"rY"SO"u O"puY"u {S"Y"O"X"{S"X"u^"p: "UqZ@p: $
Y"z E" drV"EF>QT"sJ>@\"pJz> @s\"Y"z
G"`p{O" T"OY"t^"u {S"{" E" {\"C"J>YY" T"{\""{O" $$ 56 $$
un Pn|| _\Qu:
{u u {u{: \P: >
C \ zua\uhPh S
v z {] \ Ph \v >> 56
u & An & GUS Phhu! (CPU Th Est
u E!) u Pn | _ \Qu: & E Pv P
104
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 56
\Q PsP g\Pz u u \P: s P,

A{:& PshuP {u & {a\P u {u. }
x. C a \ Cu , zua\uhPh S &
CuPQ Pu ihmk S z v &
iP mk Q. {] & C Ph\v\ &
PuPzvx E ~Q.
An, Uz \ |\|, u u |[P
{ P.
bX"rR"Zp
O"\" W"\"OY"p:, T"N"u ! T"p\"{O" ! @N"uG "T"S"Y"S"T"v"sSY"E"{@O"p: @N"uG "T"u @N"_"X"rT"z
_"Qp B"O"u S"Y"S"u O"pWY"pz T"vpsSY"z {T""sS"W"p\":, X"X"pu
pJ>S"z O"_X"p"{@O"p:, {S"rY"SO"u
p@pZB"puT"S"uS" {_P"O"p: OY"P": $ O"puY"u Q@u, {S"Y"O"z {S""Y":, {S"X"u^"p: {S"X"u^"Z{Ò"p:
"UqZ@p: X"rS"Y"pu{^"O": $ Y"z E" T"qZY"X"pS"p S"ue"B"O"p, dr: bX"r:, V"EF>QT"sJ@> \"pJz>
V"z _"z@{O"z F>QT"sJp> \" @\"pJz> Y"_Y" O"O"o @\"pJ>_"{J>O"B"w`{X"\" \"O"O" OY"P": $ @s\"Y"z
SQr\"Zz, G"`p{O" OY"G"{O" T"OY"t^"u ^":@pu $ {S"{" E" Zpe"pv E", {\"C"J>YY" T"{\""{O"
_"z{\""{O" $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p $ ù T"Npu ! O"\" @NpuG "T"S"Y"S"T"vpsSY" E"{@O"p: pUqZ@p:,
{S"X"u^"p_O"puY"u {S"rY"SO"u {S"Y"O"X"o $ {@" - Y"z E" dr: V"EF>QT"sJ@> \"pJz> @s\"Y"z T"OY"t^"u
G"`p{O", {S"{" E" O"O"o {\"C"J>YY" T"{\""{O" $ Y"X"P":- pu@u S"ue"_"X"z \"_O"s "UqZ@p
SQr\"ZpN"r{O", O"Qo{O"Y"_"X"z S"ue"{X"{O" E" _"sT"{_"z W"Y"pu__"pXY"X"o $ e" @{\":
S"ue"_"pvW"pBY"z "UqZ@p_"s SQr\"Zu^"s E" \"O"O"u, O"O_"pvW"pBY"X"pÒ"s@ pX"z S"ue"Y"z O"e" T"vpsSY"z
@ZpuO"rX"X"P"| \"XVY"puOT"bu "O"u $ e" T"t\"pR"u OT"bu "p>pZ:$ pUqZ@pNppz G"p{R"\"p_":,
{S"X"u^"O\"z E" _\"W"p\"{_"X"o, O"QSY"P"pO\"uS"puOT"bu "N"pO"o $ {O"rY"pR"u {O""Y"pu{:;
S"ue"bXY"p: S"ue"z {\"`pY" SQr\"Zu^"s W"{O""Y"pO"o Zpe"pv O"b"N"pP"| O"W"pSO"\"{O"O\"z,
{Q\"p O"{`pY" S"ue"\"{O"O\"z _"XW"\"r{O" _"XV"SR"u _"XV"SR"{S"V"SR"S"pO"o $ SQr\"Z_Y" Zpe"pv
{\"@p_": _\"W"p\"{_":, {Q\"p X"s@s rW"p\""$ O"QoY"_Y" bX"r@wO"O\"p_"XV"SR"u&{T"
_"XV"SR"@P"S"pO"o {O""Y"puf"SO"ZX"o$ W"Y"puZS"s_"w{>:$ S"s_"w{>b"N"z T"t\"X"u\"puX"o (47
pu)$ e" SQr\"Z_Y" Zpe"pv {\"@p_":, S"ue"Y"_Y" {Q\"p {\"@p_": $ O"" {Q\"p bX"r:
S"ue"u \"_"{O", Zpe"pv @s\"Y"u $ \"z bX"r: S"z{Q\"X"sW"Y"e"v\" E"Z{O" S"pSY"e"u{O" $
"UZrT"W"wO"rS"pz pu@u S"ue"puT"X"pS"\"_O"tS"pz W"B"\"O"rS"ue"O"sY"O"p S"p_O"r{O" "UqZ@pN"pX"sQ@X"RY"{\"rS"O\"X"u\" Y"s{X"{O" @p\Y"{R\"{S"qZOY"pZR\"{S": $$ 56 $$
105
u
An! v! E PsP PxPh \ ], u
Ezv Gsnzu zxU P TQ. A } x
EQ ssP Ps Pmh E. PsP AS
JP E Pu umh mh A
iP mk Q , C A umh
Puzvx E ~Q. EQ PsPUS Dhx {zv
A, , PsPmkv. A
ux CuP zx AP kzxu Auz u ChPU
PQ. P iku Puzvx Psk
Q. P vu PsP ]UQ. C u
A ]UQ. USU PsPUS EUP iuu }
PsP h x Qx. P PsP x C
A Q. (56)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
O"\"pT"N"u {O" $ ù T"N"u O"\" @N"uG "T"S"Y"S"T"v"sSY"E"{@O"p:, @N"uG "T"p: QlG"S"p:,
_"\"Qp @N"pSO"E"s{XV"S"Y"S"Y"pu: T"v"sSY"W"rO"p: _\"_"pY"X"_X"p_"s {\"puY" W"B"\"OY"p: @N"u
_"p_"tY"u {@z \"p QpvG"SY"z @P"Y"O" {O" W"rO"p: "UqZ@p: {S"X"u^"p: _"OY": {S"Y"O"z R"\s "z O"puY"u
{S"rY"SO"u $ Y"z E" dr: @s\"Y"dr: V"EF>QT"sJ@> \"pJz> @s\"Y"z {S"X"r{O"Q@T"pJz> @s\"Y"z
T"OY"t^"u G"`p{O"$ {S""p_"s {\"C"J>YY" pJ T"{\"p{O" $ @s\"Y"drZ{T" @NpuG "T"S"Y"S"T"vpsSY"W"rO"p {Q\"p @se"{E"{"rY" {_P"O\"p Zpe"pv V"EF>Q@T"pJ>X"spJ> E"puZ\"OT"{\""{O" $
e" S"Y"S"Y"pu: @N"pSO"{\"dpSO"O\"z T"@w O"X"o $ "UqZ@pN"pz O"puY"u \"p_"" _"pRY"O" OY"T"l{O":
$$ 56 $$
Uzu
An! } { P u EPU Psh E
PsPUQ. E PsP PuP \ Hu S_S_ G
_uU Psk u AUP Hu `x \Q Gx }
Q. E Ps APU Psh C A u[P
i Pu Svu vh zxUPsk
Cmi Au ~x u[QiP Au mk Q.
PsP Px }sk. AQ. P }
]uS A C uS E Ps AQh A uu
Pn. h A h AP E PsP. (56)
106
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 56
N"pX"pu{QS"r
O"\"u{O" $ ù T"N"u, T"B"O"N"_"zV"SR"u, iN""VQuS" G"B"O"pz _"w{>{_P"{O"@X"N"
p_Y"\""pO"o Y"{O@z{E"O@X"p_"X"pT"S"X"sEY"O"u $ O""p{_O" $ O"P"p G"B"O": @O"sX "s{E"O"z,
O"QS"\""u^"X"u\" {S"X"O"Y"p _"zT"pQY"{_" $ @N"uG "T"S"Y"S"T"v"sSY"E"{@O"p:, @N"uG "T"Y"pu: @N"|
T"pTY" G"T"O"pu: _"tE"Y"O"pu: S"Y"S"Y"pu:, T"v"sSY"pO"o {T""sS"W"p\"pO"o, ù W"B"\"{O", {S"T"X"p\"NY"pY"p_O"\" _"zV"Y"puZp\"Y"pu: S"sT"X""puW"pY"sY"pu: "puW"p{\"L>{XV"@p: "UqZ@p:
_X"Qopu{`NY":, O"p: T"Y" $ {@z E" _"\"Qp _X"O@p{SO"^"s @X"u^"s Y"p dr: \"O"O"u _"p
_X"Qopu{`NY"u\" $ O"QlW"Y"puZS"Y"pu: O\"QpdY"p_X"{Y"pu: O\"Y"v\" QNL>S"z {@Y"O"pX"o $ S"
{@{"QTY"p_Y"X"pXVY"O"pX"o $ OY"u\"zT"\"E"S"@pT"pOX"@pO"o T"Zpu`\"E"S"pO"o E"{@O"p
W"rO"p:, E"@ W"Y"u {O" R"pO"pu{S"p> Y"p{X"Jo$> E"{@O"p: _"OY"pu&{S"X"u^"p: {S"X"u^""tSY"p
W"\"SOY"", "UqZ@p X"O_Y"{\""u^"p:, {S"Y"O"z {S""Y"uS" O"puY"u {S"rY"SO"u G"QlB"X"pdY"{SO" $
X"`pZpG"B"puE"Z{T""sS"G"S"pu{QO"pS"pz _"pX"SO"pS"pz QmZz T"T"pYY" QlB"pdY"N"z _\"W"p\": $ {@z E",
Y"z dr: @X"@{N"@p{_"z`p_"S"pZpu`Nu " X"`pQu\"r T"QX"{R"M>p bX"rZ{T" O\""Y"S"T"v"sSY"pO"o
W"rO"p _"O"r V"EF>QT"sJ@> \"pJz,> F>Qp: T"e"pNY"u\" T"sJ{> X"\" @\"pJz> ZZz, O"z _"zC"{J>O"z
Qf"pB"z Y"_Y" O"O"o, @s\"Y"z Zpe"pv {_P"O\"p T"OY"t^"_"X"Y"u G"`p{O" OY"O\"p B"EF>{O" $ {Q\"_"u
O"_O"O"pu W"X"N"pT"Qu"uS" _"X"Y"z S"rO\"p T"sS"Z{T" {S"{" Zpe"pv {\"C"J>YY" T"t\"pu
Q@\"pJ>p
u pJ>S"z
@wO\"p T"{\""{O" $ ZpG"T"ZpR"rS": A"s pu@u Zpe"pv {S"W"wO"O"Y"p _\"Bpwù {O">{O" $ T"pO":@pu
@\"pJ>Su " Bpw`z X"s{Y"O\"p Y"e" {E"Qc"pO"\"p_"pY" T"pY"O" {O" $$ 56 $$
Anv
} EP hv \a \ { Ezx
u EQS } Ph mh. Au A&n EQSa
\ siuzu u AUQ \x iUQ. E
PsP E PxP AP \ Hu P \Q. ""u!
Din AQ Ea \u G[Ph AP Cu P
P]UQ. Gh Au AP. G[PUS xP \Q.
G[PUSz xQ uP Gx ]u uP
Gh mi kQ. Ea \uPUSz xP UQ
APUS } u ush usk. C CuU Pvx u''
GUP \zuUSU Pzu EshUSQ Gx
Psh Pzxh P } Ai Q.
i zvUP u mi uu mk
x C G Aui A mh x Av C
107
x u[Q iP Au mhP uh u
\Q. A\h u C mi PuPz umk x
u[Q iP Aui . P B[P[S
x x i C mi . P k miUS.
A C . P Sx iUP. } mhzv
uPmh } x }x. PsP Eh P \ Eh
Pzu EshUS G Cu Pn. (56)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
QpS"rz S"ue"pN"pz {\""pO"pz _"\"puT "X"pS"pT"ub"Y"puO@^"W"p\"z E" \"N"Y"{O" $ O"\"pT"N" {O" $ ù
T"N"u T"ZX"u"qZ T"p\"{O", O"p: "UqZ@p {S"Y"O"z O"puY"u {S"rY"SO"u G"u rS"p{_O">{SO" $
O"e"pTY"{S"X"u^"p: _"p\"R"pS"O"Y"p E"O"s{Qb"s {S"Zrb"N"pP"u OY"{S"X"u^"p: $ @P"z G"u rS"p OY"O"
p` - O"\" @N"uG "T"S"Y"S"T"v"sSY"E"{@O"p:, O"\" @N"uG "T"u @N"pSO"{\"dpSO"u Y"u S"Y"S"u O"Y"pu:
T"v"sSY"uS"puO@^"uN " E"{@O"p {"O"p: $ Y"pu {"O"pu W"\"{O" _" {E"{"rY" {O">{O" $ P" E"
@N"uG "T": {T""sS": $ Y"P"p ZpG"B"wù @{"{OT""sS": _\"_T"{R"S"X"s{Y" O"_Y"p{S">_"pR"S"z T"vpsSY"z
@O"s| Zpc": @Npu G"T"{O" $ O"QS"s O"QppuY" pOX"S"pu&{S">X"p"zY" T"T"pYY" {E""QlB"pQpv
rS"pu W"\"{O", O"O"o O"\" @N"uG "T"u {T""sS"u Y"u S"Y"S"u O"pWY"pz {@Y"X"pN"z Y"OT"v"sSY"z {T""sS"@X",
O"p R\"_O"\Y"p X"pZN"rY"p {S":_"O\"p: @O"\Y"p:, _\"p{X"SY"p: _"u\"@vZ_X"Qp{Q{W": _"` _"Qp
_T"R"SO"u, O"uS" _"pT"ZpR"p: _"SO"rOY"p{QT"v"sSY"z, O"uS" E"{@O"p W"rO"p: $ O"P"uY"z @X"@p{SO"bX"rZ{T" W"rO"p "X"pS"p _"O"r _\"B"w`X"pY"z T"OY"t^"u G"`p{O" $ {@z @wO\"p, Zpe"pv V"EF>QT"sJ@> T"pJ>Kz T"OY"t^"u {\"C"J>YY"pupJ> {E"QoW"tO\"p {QS"z T"qZ@Y"{O" $ rN"pz Zpe"pv B"wÒY"pB"pu&S"s{E"O" {O" {S"{" Zpe"pv "S"vZpB"OY" _"tY"p_O"X"S"uS" X"s{O"Qz {\"C"J>YY" T"sS": T"{\""{O" $
O"uS" O"\" S"ue""puW"Y"p @X"bX"rZ{O"W"rO"u{O" $ O"\"pT"N"u {O" T"\Y"pAY"p - O"\"u{O" $
E"{@O"p E", @N"u @ G"T" {V"SQl: T"v"sSY"z pvz {O" $ E"z @pvz {E"e"p $ (z E@pvz z) $$ 56 $$
BuQ
u! An! Cu P } x. Psh Pzxh
|S v\P E|USQ. PvUSh \ E PsP Hu
P \uP x. zu mQ Jx {Q. A\h
PxP AP { J z uPU Pxi P \h
x } k Q x { s US |xx.
G o |h mik hUThu Gv
{ G x a \Qx. PsoS mi
k x Qx. A C ui Cmi x
108
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 56
ix SxkQx. sP C u mi u[P
hzv u[Sx |. Au vmku uP C U Puz
vx mi ~x u[Q, x mhz umk
. u P, A PsP
G Ea \ A |k[Pa \Qx. \P (A aP A)
G ]z v Ph[Qx. (108)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
O"\"u{O" $ ù T"N"u, "UqZ@p_O"puY" Q@u {S"rY"SO"u X""p W"\"{SO" O"e" ùO"sX"p` {@z{\"R"p: "UqZ@p:, O"\" W"\"OY"p: @N"uG "T"S"Y"S"T"v"sSY"E"{@O"p: @N"uG "T"u _"\"Qp @N"_"X"rT"z
B"O"u Y"u S"Y"S"u S"ue"u O"pWY"pz @qZ^Y"X"pN"z Y"OT"v"sSY"z X"X"pu
pJ>S"z, O"_X"p"{@O"p: W"rO"p:, T"sS":,
O" \"p{S"X"u^"p:, {S"X"u^"Z{Ò"p" $ T"Zz Y"z dr: T"qZY"X"pS"S"ue"B"O"p bX"r: T"OY"t^"u
T"W"pO"u @s\"Y"{X"SQr\"Zz G"`p{O" OY"G"{O", Zpe"pv E" {S"{" {\"C"J>YY" T"{\""{O", _"z{\""{O" $
{@z{\"R"z @s\"Y"z, V"EF>Q@T"pJz,> O"O_"zC"{J>O"B"w`X"\"{_P"O"{X"OY"P": $ Y"X"p"Y":pu@u
SQr\"Zp{N" "UqZ@p"uOY"uO"O"o Y"z S"ue"_"X"{X"{O" T"{_"X"o $ S"ue"_"pvW"pBY"z pUqZ@p_"s
SQr\"Zu^"s E" \"O"O"u $ O"O_"X"pÒ"s@ pX"z S"ue"Y"z O"e" T"v"sSY"z @ZpuO"r{O" "Y"p "UqZ@p
G"X""p: @s\"Y"z E" {Q\"p X"s@s {O"{X"\"uOY"sOT"bu "p $$ 56 $$
uzw
u An! Ex PxP P \Q PsP TQ P]a
\v u P Ps kv. PsP Q AS Ph
AUPhx. Ps A zxhU Tk x
Psh } Aix. A C C x P
iUPQx. (56)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
T"sS"Z{T" T"@pZpSO"ZuN" \"N"Y"{O" - O"\"u{O" $ X"`pQu\"T"pY"P"| O"T""ZSO"r T"N"X"{T"
OY"O\"p, O"pu&T"N"p $ O"O_"zV"puR"S"z O"P"p $ {b"T"bX"N"pu: _"zY"puB"C"{J>@p {@Y"p {S"X"u^": $ S"
{\"O"u {S"X"u^"pu Y"p_"pz O"p: ptSY"{S"X"u^"p: "UqZ@p:, O"puY"u {S"rY"SO" {O" {S"Y"O"z {S"{"O"X"o $
O"e" ùO"s:, ù T"N"u O"\" @N"u G"T"O" {O" @N"uG "T"u O"u S"Y"S"u E"u{O", O"P"p O"Y"pu: T"v"sSY"z T"ZQpu^"p{\"^@ZN"z O"uS" E"{@O"p: W"rO"p: _O"XV"@N"Y"puZ{X"G"T"puqZOY"S"uS"pJoT> "OY"Y": $ `QSO"pO"o
_""XY"p: _"zc"pY"p{X"{O" _""XY"p s@o $ Y"X"P":- {S"X"u^"O\"pQppQ@O\"p" "UZrW"\"pS"rS"ue"pN"pz T"Z_T"Z_"pY"z, _""rS"pz "UqZ@pN"pz E" _T"R"p, _T"R"Y"p E" "e"sW"p\":,
O"O"" W"\"pS"rS"ue"Y"pu: @N"uG "T"O\"z ^>p {S"rY"SO"u OY"sOT"bu "ppZp S"ue"{\"_O"pZpu \"NY"O"
109
{O" $ O"P"uY"z dr: @s\"Y""puW"p, T"OY"t^"u T"pO":@pu, V"z F>QT"sJ@> \"pJz> Y"{_X"z_O"O"o, T"sJ> "VQ:
_"z@puE"\"pE"r $ F>QpS"pz T"sJ>z @T"pJ>{X"\" F>QT"sJ@> T"pJz,> V"z F>QT"sJ@> T"pJz> Y"_Y"pz OY"pB"{@Y"pY"pz
{O" O"P"u{O" \"p $ {S"{" E" {\"C"J>YY" pJ> @T"pJ>{X"OY"P": $ @s\"Y"_Y" {Q\"p S" O"P"p "puW"p
X"s{O"O\"pO"o, Zpe"pv "puW"p {\"@{_"O"O\"pO"o$ O" OT"bu "O"u @{\":, W"\"pS"rS"ue"W"rO"p
@s\"Y"bX"r: {Q\"p @\"pJz> QO\"p T"pY"O"u Zpe"pv E"pB"OY" T"{\""O"r{O" $$ 56 $$
uzu \vP
u Ah uUP CP uzuu } An.
C huu zvS { uu, u PsP
Jzx. Au mi, u, P] B\, , } u,
PsPmh zvu G {P. A P
vmkzuzxh C C Puz vx Cu x
AUS hzxU Pu iUPQx. C
u AQ Ax {v Qx. (56)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù T"N"u ! T"B"O"hN"_"zV"SR"u $ hN""VQuS" G"B"O"pz _"w{>{_P"{O"_"z`pZ@X"_"s p_Y"\""pQo
Y"{O@{"O"o @X"p_"X"pT"S"X"sEY"O"u $ O""p{_O" O"\" $ Y"Qp G"B"O": @O"sX "s{E"O"z O"QS"\""u^"X"u\"
S"_"O"Y"p _"zT"pQY"{_" $ @N"uG "T"S"Y"S"T"v"sSY"E"{@O"p: @N"u G"T"O"pu: @N"| T"pTY" G"T"O"pu:
S"Y"S"Y"pu: T"v"sSY"pO"o {T""sS"W"p\"pO"o ù W"B"\"{O" ! {S"T"X"p\"NY"pY"p: O"\"
_"zV"Y"puZp\"Y"puZS"sT"X""puW"pY"sY"pu: "puW"p{\"L>X> V"@p:"UqZ@p: _X"Qopu{`NY": O"p:
T"Y"$ {@" _"\"Qp _X"O@p{SO"^"s @X"u^"s Y"p dr\"O"O"u _"p _X"Qopu{`N"r \" $
O"QlW"Y"puZS"Y"pu: O\"QpdY"p_X"Qo{\"Y"pu_O"P"v\" _"zV"SR"pu S" {@Y"O"pX"o $ S" {@{"QTY"p_Y"X"pXVY"O"pz OY"u\"zT"\"E"S"@pT"pOX"@pO"o T"Zpu`\"E"S"p"{@O"p: W"rO"p: $ E"@ W"Y"u
R"pO"pu: {S">pY"pz Jo> $ E"{@O"p: _"OY": {S"X"u^"p: {S"X"u^""tSY"p W"\"SOY"" "UqZ@p
X"O_Y"{\""u^"p {S"Y"O"z {S""Y"uS" O"puY"u {S"rY"SO"u G"QlB"X"pdY"{SO" $ X"`pZpG"B"puE"Z{T""sS"G"S"puQrqZO"pS"pz _"pX"SO"pS"pz QmZz T"T"pYY" QlB"pdY"N"z _\"W"p\": $ {@" Y"z dr:
@X"@{N"@p{_"z`p_"S"pZpu`Nu " X"`pQu\"rT"Q\"rX"{R"M>p bX"rZ{T" O\""Y"S"T"v"sSY"pQo W"rO"p
_"O"r V"EF>QT"sJ@> T"pJz> F>Qp: T"N"pSY"u\" @T"pJ>X"ZZz O"z _"sC"{J>O"z Qf"pBpz Y"_Y" O"O"o
@s\"Y"X"o $ Zpe"pv [_P"O\"p T"OY"t^"_"X"Y"u G"`p{O" OY"O\"p B"EF>{O", {Q\"_"u O"_O"O"pu
W"X"N"pT"Qu"uS" _"X"Y"z S"rO\"p T"sS"Z{T" {S"{" Zpe"pv {\"C"J>YY" T"t\"pu
Q@T"pJ>p
u pJ>S"z @wO\"p
T"{\""{O" $ ZpG"T"ZpR"rS": A"s pu@u Zpe"pv {S"W"wO"O"Y"p _\"B"wù {O">{O" $ T"pO":@pu @T"pJuS> " B"w`z
X"s{Y"O\"p Y"e" {E"Qc"pO"\"p_"pY" T"T"pY"O"u {O" $$ 56 $$
110
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 57
isi
EP E E hzxU Pzx ha
\uQ Ph J[PP {a \u A EQh Ph
hu. \ Auu AuS |zv \. \h
uP APmhu AvP [Q Ki x uUP
xP Pmh x x C. u u
G ]zv Av E Ps, uh u
mku, x A C u[Q iuS Q.
}i EQx. A C vx hx. A C x.
Cu CP { A PP USQ. (56)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
O"\"pT"N"u {O" - ù T"N"u ! @N"| T"pTY" G"T"O"pu: @P"Y"O"pu_O"\" S"Y"S"Y"pu: T"v"sSY"pO"o
E"{@O"p W"rO"p: "UqZ@p: T"pu
> : {S"Y"O"z {S"{"O"z O"puY"u {S"rY"SO"u G"QlB"X"pdY"{SO" $ Y"z
E" dr: @X"p @p{SO": O"\" S"Y"S"T"v"sSY"E"{@O"p T"OY"t^"u T"pO": V"EF>QT"sJ@> T"pJz> @s\"Y"z
G"`p{O" OY"G"{O", {S"{" Zpe"pv {\"C"J>YY" pJ> T"{\""{O" $ ZpG"{\"pu G"S"pu Zpe"pv O"s
{S"W"wO"O"Y"p {O">{O" $ {Q\"_"u @T"pJz> Qf\"p T"pY"O"u {O" T"{_"X"o $ \"_O"sO"_O"s T"OY"t^"u {\"C"J>YY"
G"`p{O" {S"{" V"EF>QT"sJ@> T"pJz> T"{\""{O" {O" _"XV"SR": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - T"B"O"z hN"z
X"pO"w{T"O"wQ\u "{^"hNpz Y"_Y"p_"p\"T"Npu$ R"p{X"@: \"_"sQ\u "pu \"p O"_Y"pY"z {Ò": T"OY"z \"p
pT"{Np:, W"Bp\"pS"o, O"O_"XV"puR"S"z ù pT"N"u, Y"p O"puY"u, @"u T"N"u T"e"p{Q@ps^Y"Z{Ò"u $ Y"p _"X"s_Y" "Y"S"_P"pS"_Y" @pv_O"sW"T"Z"_Y" bX"rT"_"sO"pY"p" QpS"pQT"B"O"hN"u $ O"P"p E" G"z O\"{SX"e"{X"{O" O\"QrY"Y"p O"QpdY"N"z _\"Zb"pY"v Y"s{X"{O" W"p\": $$
56 $$
Pu
UP . qP & u & z n[P }UQ
u P & Bn! C u \hu }
]! kUSh Ph Px zzu G
sn AzxU Ph }UQU Pshx. Au Ph } E |su
Av u Cx uUP xPu. (56)
pS"SQ`Zr
O"\"u{O" $ ù T"N"u O"\" @N"uG "T"z {T""sS"z _"tE"@\"O"o @N""z Y""Y"S"z O"_Y" T"v"sSY"pO"o
{S">_"tE"S"pO"o $ W"B"\"{O" O\"QrY"Y"puZbN"pu: @p{SO"E"pvY"pO@s\"Y"drZ_X"p_"s _T"R"O"u,
QrC"O"Zp {>: - Pz y |US
111
O"{"B"`_O\"Y"p @pY": OY"u\"zT"pO"o E"{@O"p W"rO"p: "UqZ@p: T"pu r> X"O_Y"p: {S"Y"O"z
{S"ZSO"Zz O"puY"u G"u {S"rY"SO"u, T"pYY" {O">{SO", O"e"pTY"{S"X"u^"p {S"X"u^"uN" S"ue"{S"X"rS"uS"
Z{Ò"p: $ _\"W"p\"O"pu X"O_Y"pS"pX"{S"X"u^"O"p, O"e" W"Y"ùO"s@O\"X"sOT"u{ b"O"X"o $ @N"uG "T": _"tE"@:
_Y"p{QOY"X"Z: $ s@o _"X"p_"pu&Y"X"o $ Y"z E" dr: @X"pS"pz @p{SO"" @s\"Y"z @sX"sQz
_\"@Y"pY"z T"OY"t^"u T"W"pO"_"X"Y"u G"`p{O" OY"G"{O" $ @"z V"z X"s{O"z F>QT"sJ> T"z
T"e"_"zT"sJ> T"z @T"pJz> Y"e" O"f"P"p, {S"{" Zpe"pv E" {\"C"J>YY" pJ> P"pO"o F>QT"sJ@> \"pJz>
T"{\""{O" $ @s\"Y"{X"OY"p\"wfY"p T"v"sSY"E"{@O"u{O" {dY"pu&{T" {\""u^"N"{X"{O" _"tE"S"pY"uY"z E"u{O"
E"@pZ: $ SY"pu&{T" T"pY"S"T"Zpu pu@: T"pO"B"w` u @T"pJz> QO\"p Y"p{O", Zpe"p\"spJ> T"{\""{O"
O"O"o $$ 56 $$
Bu &
UP Eu.
*
"p pC"rY"_Y"p QZQ{O"S"rpuOT"E"p

Q\"rY"pz_"z QrS"z T"Y" @wT"Y"p X"pX"{T" {"\"u $
S"uS"pY"z R"SY"pu W"\"{O" S" E" O"u `p{S"qZY"O"p
\"S"u \"p `XY"u \"p _"X"@Z{S"T"pO"pu {`X"@Z: $$ 57 $$
z\ zR uuu }z\
u w| | U ] >
A|| u v | \ u {u
| P{u P: >> 57
u & ] & ]! zR = P }shx, u uu } z
\ & ]x Au } A { Psh z\ & Pst, u
Syzv, w A = G G U |
Pn }mk. A A|| u: v& C Cu UQ
P BQ. Cu & CzuP \, u & EUS, {: | \ &
Sx C. P: = ]mh Qn[P \v
| = Pmi, EP (P uzv)
P {u:& P Ja \.
], ], uuu wP, uzU uuu
112
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 57
\zP, Uu Uu, u, u ui; z Pn,

G u |[P { .
bX"rR"Zp
"p
@J>pb">p,
pC"rY"_Y"p
QrC"O"ZY"p,
QZQ{O"S"rpuOT"E"p
QZQ{O"X"r^"{@-{_"O"z S"rpuOT"z SQr\"Zz O"_Y"u\" {E": @p{SO"Y"_Y"p: O"Y"p, Q\"rY"pz_"z
QmZ\"{O"S"X"o $ QmZ"VQ_Y" _P"tQmZ OY"p{QS"p _"te"uN" Y"N"pu puT":, T"t\"\"N"_Y" B"sN"u @wO"u
\"pQu"u @wO"u {_"z T"z Q\"rY"p{S"{O" Y"_"sST"OY"Y"pSO"X"o $ QrS"z QqZz T"Y" T"S"z @s $
@wT"Y"p QY"Y"p X"pX"{T", O"ZG"S"_"pR"pZNpX"{T" pVQpP": $ {p\"u ! X"p{OX"@u ! S"uS"
O"p\"SX"pe"uN" T"S"uS"p{T", Y"z G"S": `{X"OY"P": $ R"SY"pu W"\"{O" $ @wO"pP"pu W"\"{O"$ S" E" O"u
O"\", `p{S": \Y"S"p": Y"O"p _"pR"pZN"Q"S"X"pe"uN", \"S"u \"p ZNY"u \"p, `XY"u T"p_"pQu \"p,
_"X"@Z{S"T"pO": _"X"z O"sY"z Y"P"p W"\"{O" O"P"p @ZpN"pz {@ZN"pS"pz {S"T"pO": \Y"pT"S"z Y"_Y" _"
O"P"pu: $ {`X"@Z: "rO"Z{X": $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù {"\"u ! pC"rY"_Y"p
QZQ{O"S"rpuOT"E"p "p Q\"rY"pz_"z QrS"z @wT"Y"p X"pX"{T" T"Y" Y"z S"uS" R"SY"pu W"\"{O" $
Y"O"p O"u `p{S"S" E" $ O"P"p {` - {`X"@Z: \"S"u \"p `XY"u \"p _"X"@Z{S"T"pO"pu {` $
_\"EF>pSO":@ZN"pS"pz _"\"_"pR"pZNY"z _\"W"p\"{_"{X"{O" W"p\": $ P"pSO"ZSY"p_"pu&pZ:;
_"pX"pSY"uS" {\""u^"_"X"P"S"pO"o $ _"\"_"pR"pZNY"Q"S"z _"\"puO @w>O\"u ùO"sqZ{O" S"pOX"rY"O"pQ"S"pT"ub"p _O"r{O" R\"{S": $$ 57 $$
u &
[P! E Ps S}sh y UTix. ]x u }
A sn Psk Su x. | E AQ
C P yzv {. |x Q G. E
ux hu G H[Q {. PnPmi G E
}mk. EUS Cu GuU S |x. uu y E
Psh GUS Ax C. | E
U. h \v Cx P, Cx Pk G mhU
Pmh u AuJ Hz u _Q. } u. Pn
i. EUS Cu Gx Pk? (57)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
"u{O" $ ù {"\"u ! pC"rY"_Y"p QrC"O"ZY"p "p QZQ{O"S"rpuOT"E"p ^"{@{_"O"S"rpuOT"E"p Q\"rY"pz_"z QmZ_P"z QrS"z _"z_"pZu"T"Y"p@s X"S"SY"B"{O"@z T"Y" pp\"Y" $
@wT"Y"p T"qZlO"{>T"ZXT"ZY"p X"pz T"Y" $ S"uS"pY"z X"b"N"pu G"S"pu R"SY"pu W"\"{O" $ S" E" O"u
113
`p{S": Y"O"p ; O"p\"O"p O"p\"SX"pe"uN" S" @p{E"O"o b"{O": $ {T""VQpu&e" Q"S"{\""u^"puO"@: $ Y"P"p _O"XW"p{Q@z T"Y"{_", O"P"p S" $ {@SO"s @wT"Y"p $ Q"S"u @wT"pX"pe"\"v{">u _"{O"
R"SY"pu&Y"z G"S": $ O"\" rpX"pe"uN" W"\"{O" $ S" @{"QpY"p_": $ Y"O": \"S"u \"p `XY"u \"p _"pvR"u \"p
{`X"@Z: _"X"@Z{S"T"pO": $ Y"P"p E"S:, `X"pu^"R"r": O"uS" \"S"u {R"@pS"o @ZpS"o {@Zp{X",
`XY"u _\"T"p{S"{O" T"b"T"pO"\"pS"o S" W"\"{O" $ O"P"p O\"X"{T" QmZ_P"u _"X"rT"_P"u Q"S"u
T"b"T"pO"\"O"r S" W"\"{_" $ {\""u^"O"pu&`z QrS":, X"{^"Y"u T"b"T"pO"pu&TY"s{E"O" {O" W"p\": $ e"
T"{O"T"p{QO"T"QpP"_Y" M>r@ZN"pY"pP"pSO"ZpuT"SY"p_"pQP"pSO"ZSY"p_"pu&pZ: $$ 57 $$
Uzu &
]! | Pyzv. U\zu P[Q.
UP. Pnz uxQ E z uhx Gx
\zx. Pn ua \x EUS mk. Au }
Pmh. \v Sia \Pz u Qnzu a_Q.
} A. | CUPzxUS AvP E Esk. (57)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
"uOY"p{Q $ ù {"\"u ! {"\"W"G"S"@Y"pN"p{OX"@u $ QZQ{O"S"rpuOT"E"p
^"{@-{_"O"uSQr\"Z@pS"S"{S"SQp@Z@pSOY"p pC"rY"_Y"p QrC"O"ZY"p, QrC""VQpQ_"s{S"
T"OY"Y"u {T"Y"{_P"Z-OY"p{QS"p pC"pQu":, {B"O""u{O" D>rT"o, pC"rY"_"r $ \"zW"tO"Y"p "p
Q\"rY"pz_"z OY"SO"QmZ\"{O"S"z, QrS"z V"`lO"ZO"w^N"p@pT"NY"\""pO_"\"O"pu Y"pEI"pT"ZpY"N"z, QrDo>
b"Y"u {O" R"pO"pu: {S">pS"pSO"O\"u QrS" {O" T"X"o $ X"pz @wT"Y"p @ZN"W"tO"Y"p, T"Y" p\"Y",
pO"u{N"{E" T"OY"Y"u T"sB"pB"X"u {X"O_"zc"pY"pz, {X"O"pz _\" {O" _\": $ O"z X"pX"{T", {T"
_"X"s"Y"u $ Y"u B"sN"\"SO": O\"{Y" W"{X"SO": @wO"O\""ZN"T"tG"p" O"u^"pz Zb"N"z QY"Y"p @Zpu^Y"u\" $
O"\" O"b"N"pvQp_"rSY"u&{T" @wO"_"O@X"Up\"Y"XW"p\"{S"Y"X"pO"o O"f"O@X"X"p`pOXY"T"qu ZO"Y"p
O\"Y"p O"u^"pz T"qZT"pS"z @O"\Y"X"u\"$ S"p`z O"p"B"sN"r, S" W":, S" E"pE"pT"Z: $ @u\"z
V"p@\"O"o XV"pXV"u{O" QrS"p@SQS"X"pe"T"ZpY"N": $ O"_Y" X"X" Zb"N"X"u\"plO"_\"W"p\"@O"Y"u
R"X"pY" E" $ O"pS"o Zb"_Y"u\" @{O"R"X"pP"|, X"pX"{T" Zb"uOY"P"_"zB"{O"Z\"B"SO"\Y"p $ Y"SX"X" QrS"_Y"
T"qZT"pS"X"{_O", O"uS"pS"uS"pY"z R"SY"pu W"\"{O" $ O"EF>VQuS" pOX"pS"X"u\" C"J>@s L>
> \"O"o
T"Y"puG"@O"Y"p, E"uO"S"O"Y"p E"puOT""z T"ZpX"w"{O" $ `zT"Y"puB"_P"pS"u Qz"VQpQY":
QvSY"pP"pSO"Z_"`@wO"p: _"SO"pu {\"{">X"`X"P"| T"{O"T"pQY"{SO" $ S"uS" @X"N"p X"X"p{T"
R"SY"O"p, O"\"p{T" `p{S"qZY"O"p S"p{_O" $ _\"uEF>pX"pe"_"pRY"O"Y"p X"b"N"_Y" O"\" rpX"pe"-
114
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 57
X"u\"u{O" W"p\": $ B"sN"\"OT"s^"pWY"sT"T"f"p\"u\" _\"p{X"G"S"_Y" qZZ{b"^"p _"pP"u{ O" E"uO"o S"pY"z {S"Y"X"pu
B"sN"\"pS"o ZbY":, {S"B"sN "_OY"pGY" {O" $ O"P"p E" z> \"S"u \"p `XY"u \"p S"pY"@S"p{Y"@p_"Z_"_"zW"puB"Y"puBY"T"Qu "u&{T" \"p {`X"@Z"SX"p: Y"sB"T"Qu\"p{\""u^"uN" _"X"@Z{S"T"pO"pu W"\"{O" $
_"X"pS"{@ZN"T"E"pZpu W"\"{O" $ S"pY"p_"_"pRY"u V"`lO"Z@{O"R"X"puT "G"S"@u QrS"pS"pP"{\"T""_"X"sZN"T"{NL>O"pS"\"{R"@@p{N"@O"puT"XW"-_"XW"p{\"O"u Zb"N"pOX"@u _"O@X"{N" ùp\"XV"S"X"S"s{E"O"{X"{O" W"p\": $$ 57 $$
Anv
]UuPUS [P i! | w, AvP
mP G[S Gh Gx ]. Sna]UP E
UuP E Gx k. APh } PmkQ. }
Eumh A \u so AUS |z u. | Sna
], Uu, k A. ]_ A GU T
AUQ. } A Pn P! GU P G
skx G Ph. G Pu GUS |. } ua\PU
Pu Px mhP Cu } \. PUPzuUP
Pnu G Bx Jx. (57)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
"u{O" $ ù {"\"u, O\"z @wT"Y"p @N"Y"p Y"sY"p "p X"pz T"Y" pTY"pY"Y" $ P"\"p
{@zb"N"Y"p "p, @wT"Y"p @wT"pT"Y"p $ Y"z @wT"v\" O"\" puE"S"p@pZuN" T"qZN"O"u{O" W"p\": $
{@zb"N"z X"pz, Q\"rY"pz_"z {O""Y"uS" QmZu \"O"X"pS"z O"\" E"ZN"@X"\"w{f"T"pT"@X"`pW"pBY"puO@^"pW"p\"uS" QmZu \"O"X"pS"z; @wT"pY"p {S"QpS"z QvSY"z; X"`pQrS"{X"{O"$ O"{` {>: QmZu {_P"O"z
O\"pz T"{O" @P"X"pY"p_Y"O"rOY"O" p` - {@zb"N"Y"p "p, pC"rY"_Y"p {O""Y"uS" QrC"O"ZY"p $
O"\" {>: X"Ò"r QrC"O"Zp QmZ_P"_Y"p{T" X"X" _"X"rT"X"S"pY"p_"uS"pY"p_Y"O"r{O" $ T"sS":
{@zb"N"Y"p, QZQ{O"S"rpuOT"E"p ^"{@{_"O"S"r@X"@pSOY"p R"puS X"rQT"pY"p $
O"uS" @N"p{>p $ {T"S"p >pS"pX"P"pS"pX"SY"u^"pz _"X"s"Y": $ Y"P"p SY"pST"Y"{_",
O"P"p X"pX"{T" T"Y"u{O" $ S"uS" O"p\"O"p, Y"s^X"QrY"pu&SY"pu W"{\"^Y"{O" $ O"\" E" Y"O"p T"Y"p_"uS"
S" W"{\"^Y"{O" `p{S": $ _\"W"p\"{_"pX"wO"X"Y"r O"\" {>:, O"Y"p G"B"QpTY"pY"Y"u{O" $ Y"{T"
T"ZX"u"Zr e"vpuY"X"pTY"pY"{Y"O"sX"u\" S"Y"S"pX"wO"T"sJ@> X"sp_"Y"O"r{O" T"pP"S"X"S"\"_"ZQl:_P"X"o $
O"P"p{T" QvSY"pu{" _\"T"\"N"S"X"pe"X"uO"O"o $ P"pSO"ZSY"p_"X"p` - \"S"u \"p `XY"u \"p
_"X"@Z{S"T"pO"pu {`X"@Z: $ E"Spu {` \"S"u \"p `XY"u \"p T"b"T"pO"X"@wO\"v\" SY"tS"p{R"@O\"z
115
{@ZN"pS"pX"{\"E"pY" @ZpuOY"pTY"pY"Y"{O"$ O"p\"O"p E"S_Y" G"B"OT"@p"S"pP"X"u\" _\"W"p\"uS"

T"\"O"X"pS"O\"pO"o S"p{R"@: T"Y"p_": $ T"sZpu\"{O"S"pu X"Ò@pY"| E" {_"{O" $ QY"p\"O"pz _"\"e"
_"X"pS"pu \Y"\"`pZ {O" W"p\": $$ 57 $$
BuQ
]! E Pn PstQx. E vizu
uP Uzv S | C[Pz uUPPz
yzv. B E B\ G Ah i.
C Ea \uQk. CP Au E
EP PUS. GU Pv EUPx ]? \v EPU PUP
mi Pmi Ja \x , u UP u
Ah P S. (57)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
"u{O" - ù {"\"u, "p Q\"rY"pz_"z {O""Y"uS" QmZ\"{O"S"z, QrS"z _\"_"sA"pS"{W"c"z @wT"Y"p
ùO"sW"tO"Y"p X"pX"{T" T"Y" pp\"Y" $ {@z{\"R"Y"p "p, pC"rY"_Y"p {O""Y"uS" QrC"p pC"rY"_"r,
O"Y"p QmZT"_"pqZNY"p $ T"sS": {@z {S"R"pY", QZQ{O"S"rpuOT"E"p QZz ^"{O"z {\"@{_"O"z
Y""rpuOT"z O"_Y" {B"\" @o Y"_Y"p: _"p O"P"p $ {T""VQ: _"X"s"Y"u $ O"uS" B"sN"\"SO": O\"{Y"
W"{X"SO":, @wO"O\""ZN"T"tG"p" O"u^"pz O\"Y"p QY"Y"p T"pS"z \"Y"z @O"\Y"X"u\" $ `z S" O"p"pu
B"sN"r, S" W":, S"pE"S"T"Z:, @u\"z V"p\"O"o zV"pV"u{O" QrS"p@SQS"X"pe"T"ZpY"N":, O"_Y" X"X"
Zb"N"z QoW"sO"_\"W"p\"@O"Y"u R"X"pY" E" W"\"O"r{O" $ O"pS"o Zb"_\", X"pX"{T" Zb"uOY"{T""VY"pP": $
S"uS" @X"N"p Y"z R"SY"pu W"\"O"r{O" X"O\"p T"Y"u{O" T"t\"uzN" _"zV"SR": $ S"uS" X"X" R"SY"O"p, O"u
O"\" E", Y"O"p O"p\"SX"pe"uN" @oT"S"uS" S" `p{S":, {T"O"s _\"uEF>pX"pe"_"pRY"O"Y"p X"b"N"pY"
O"\" @pX"pe"X"u\"p{X"{O" W"p\": $ B"sN"\"OT"s^"\"O"o {\"T""u T"s^"u _\"p{X"G"S"_Y" T"qZZb"p S"
_\"pP" {O" E"uO"o S"pY"z {S"Y"X"pu B"sN"\"pS"o ZbY"pu {S"B"sN "_OY"pGY" {O" $ O"P"p E" z> - {`X"@Z"SX"p:
\"S"u @pS"S"u `XY"u \"p _"X"@Z{S"T"pO": _"X"z {\""u^"uN" Y"sB"T"Qu\" @ZpN"pz {@ZN"pS"pz {S"T"pO"pu
Y"_Y" \"zW"tO"pu W"\"{O" $ S"pY"p_"_"pRY"u V"`lO"ZR"X"@{O"G"S"@u QrS"pS"pP"{\"T""_"X"sZN"T"{NL>O"u
S"sT"p{R"@@p{N"@O"puT"XW"p_"zW"p{\"O"u Zb"N"pOX"@u _"O@X"{N" S" ùp\"XV"S"X"s{E"O"{X"{O"
W"p\": $$ 57 $$
uzw
]! E k } Px C. | w. E AQ {
E Phzu a ]x uSv. u! P Gz y{
116
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 57
sk. } P BQ EP E \U Psk x mk.

|zu
PUP
sk.
PmhUPUPU
Thu
{. \v A P G[S J_Q. Cv
EUS B. PQmk. G DU Pv uu
E]u. (57)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
O": T"Zz @wT"p{z> T"pP"Y"X"pS"pu W"\"pS"rz _O"pv{O" $ "u{O" $ ù {"\"u @Y"pN"T"u @wT"Y"p
"p @wT"puT"{b"O"Y"p >p \"pu@S"uS" Q\"rY"pz_"X"{T" X"pz T"Y" {\"^"Y"r@s{\"OY"P": $ "z
{\"{"S"{> pC"rY"_Y"p, {O""Y"uS" QrC"p pC"rY"_"r O"Y"p _"\"p{R"@uOY"O": $ Q\"rY"_O\"X"{T"
Qu"\Y"\"R"pS"pT"ub"z @p\Y"\"R"pS"pT"ub"z c"pS"\Y"\"R"pS"pT"ub"z \"p $ e" c"pS"\Y"\"R"pS"pT"ub"z
Q\"rY"_O\"X"o $ O"P"p E" Q\"rY"pz_"z {O""Y"uS" QmZz O\"QS"s_"SR"pS"u OY"P": $ O" \" QrS"z
Ql:{A"O"X"o $ S"S"s X"O@wT"p"p O"\" {@z _Y"pf"Qp` - S"uS" @wT"p\"pu@S"uS" `z R"SY":,
_Y"p{X"{O" "u^": $ S" O\"SY"{_X"S"o @wT"p{z> @s\"SOY"p: b"{O"Z{T" _"zW"p{\"O"p $ O" p` - S"
E"u{O" $ Y"O"p @wT"p\"pu@S"X"pe"uN" $ @wT"p\"pu@S"@O"s{ ` T"Y""pS"SO"Zz b"{O": _"zW"p{\"O"p $ O"\"
O"s @wT"pT"pO"X"pe"uN"v\" T"s^"pP": {_"RY"uO"o $ S" O"QP"T"Y""pT"ub"u{O" S" `p{S"_"zW"p\"S"p_O"r{O"
W"p\":$ O"f"s O"\" _\"pW"p{\"@z, S"O\"pvT"p{R"@{X"OY"e" >pSO"X"p` - \"S" {O" $ _"X":
b"{O"pW""tSY":, @ZpN"pz {S"T"pO"pu Y"_Y" _": $ \"S"u X"wO"@Z_"u@u S"pv^"{R"G"r\"S"u b"{O"S", `XY"u
R"{S"S"pz B"uù pW"pu S"p_O"rOY"P": $$ 57 $$
uzu\vP
]! | yzvx E kuz uukzux.
| EU Pmkkzux. } G w G C En G
{UQ. Ax Gz xUS EmkzxQx. E mhx G
w{ Eh u APk. ] Hx uhx. Pmi
x kQ { P US. uP P uPUS
Hx. Pmi US EuuP Gsn, uP Czv
x G Eu^ {Q. } AzuP. GU
Sz u }mk. (57)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù {"\"u W"G"S"@Y"pN"p{OX"@u ! QZQ{O"S"rpuOT"E"p ^"{@{_"O"uSQr\"Z@pS"S"{S"SQp@Z@pSOY"p pC"rY"_Y"p QrC"O"ZY"p, QrC""VQpQ_"s{S"T"OY"Y"u {T"Y"{_UZ{_P"ZuOY"p{Q_"te"uN" QrC"O"Z"VQ_Y" pC"pQu": {B"O""u{O" D>rT"o, pC"rY"_"r $ \"z W"tO"Y"p "p
117
Q\"rY"pz_"z OY"SO"QmZ\"{O"S"z QrS"z V"`lO"ZO"w^N"p@pT"NY"\""pO"o _"\"O"pu Y"pEI"pT"ZpY"N"z, QrDo>

b"Y"u {O" R"pO"pu{S"p> S"pSO"O\"u QrS"z, X"pz @wT"Y"p @ZN"W"tO"Y"p T"Y" pp\"Y", pO"u:
@X"{N" {E"N"oT"OY"Y"u T"sB"pB"X"u {X"O_"zc"pY"pz {X"O"pz _\" {O" _\": $ X"pX"T"rOY"{T""VQ:
_"X"s"Y"u$ Y"u B"sN"\"SO"_O\"{T" W"{X"SO": @wO"O\""ZN"T"tG"p" O"u^"pz QY"Y"p Zb"N"z @Zpu^Y"u\" $
O"b"N" pvQp_"rSY"u&{T" @wO"_"O@X"Up\"Y"zW"p\"{S"Y"X"pO"o O"O@X"X"p`pOXY"T"qu ZO"Y"p O\"Y"p
O"u^"pz T"qZT"pS"z @O"\Y"X"u\" $ S"p`z O"p"B"sN"r, S" W"pu, S"pE"pT"Z:, @u\"z V"p@\"O"o
zV"pzV"u{O" QrS"p@SQS"X"pe"T"ZpY"N": $ O"_Y" X"X" Zb"N"X"u\" QoW"sO"_\"W"p\"@O"Y"u R"X"pY" E" $
O"pS"o Zb"_Y"u\" @{O"R"X"pP"X"o $ X"pX"{T" Zb"u{O" P"_"zB"qO"Z\"B"SO"\Y"p $ Y"SX"X" QrS"_Y"
T"qZT"pS"X"{_O" O"uS"pS"uS"pY"z R"SY"pu W"\"{O" $ O"EF>VQuS" pOX"pS"X"u\" C"J>@s L>p{Q\"QT"Y"puG"@O"Y"p E"uO"S"O"Y"p E" OT""z T"ZpX"w"{O" $ `zT"Y"puBp_P"pS"u QzpVQpQY":
QvSY"pP"pSO"Z_"`@wO"p: _"SO"pu {\"{p>X"`X"P"| T"{O"T"pQY"[SO" $ S"uS" @X"N"p X"X"p{T"
R"SY"O"p, O"\"pT"rY"O"p `p{S"S"p{_O" $ OY"T"uEF>pX"pe"_"pRY"O"Y"p X"b"N"_Y" O"\" rpX"pe"X"u\"u{O" W"p\": $ B"sN"\"OT"s^"pWY"sT"T"f"p\"u\" _\"p{X"G"S"_Y" qZZb"{Y"^"p _"pP"u{ O" E"uO"o, S"pY"z
{S"Y"X"pu B"sN"\"pS"u\" ZbY"pu {S"B"sN "_OY"pGY" {O" $ O"P"p E" z> \"S"u @pS"S"u \"p `XY"u \"p
S"pY"@S"p{Y"@p_"Z_"pS"SQ_"zW"puB"Y"puBY"u T"Qu "u&{T" {`X"@Z"SX"p Y"sB"T"Qu\"p{\""u^"uN" _"X"@Z{S"T"pO"pu W"\"{O" _"X"pS"{@ZN"T"E"pZpu W"\"{O" $ S"pY"p_"_"pRY"u V"`lO"Z@{O"R"X"puT "G"S"@u
QrS"pS"pP"{\"T""_"X"sZN"T"{NL>O"pS"sT"p{R"@-@p{N"@puT"XW"_"zW"p{\"O"u
Zb"N"pOX"@u
_"O@X"{N" S" ùp\"XV"S"X"s{E"O"{X"{O" W"p\": $$ 57 $$
isi
UP EP Eu. (57)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
"u{O" - ù {"\"u ! @wT"Y"p @N"Y"p X"pX"{T" Q\"rY"pz_"z QmZ_P"z QrS"z Ql:{A"O"z pC"rY"_Y"p
QrC"O"ZY"p QZQ{O"S"rpuOT"E"p ^"{@{_"O"Y"pX"_"ZpuG"@pSOY"p "p >p T"Y";
S"uS" T"S"uS"p`z R"SY": @wO"pP"" $ T"sS"_O"u O"\" `p{S": b"{O"S" W"\"{O" $ \"S"u @pS"S"u `XY"u B"wù
{`X"@Z"S: _"X"@Z{S"T"pO": _"X"pS"@ZT"_"Z: $ Y"P"p pv^"R"r"_Y"p{T" E"S_Y" \"S"u S"
T"b"T"pO"pu `XY"u \"p S" T"b"T"pO"_O"P"p O"\"p{T" {S"@J>_P"u S" T"b"T"pO"pu QmZ_P"u&{T" E" S" T"b"T"pO":
_"X"s{E"O" {O" W"p\": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - {"\"u @Y"pN"pP"u $ "u^"z _"X"pS"X"o $$ 57 $$
118
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 58
Pu &
UPmh . qzv Au (] &

[PP CUP.)
pS"SQ`Zr
"u{O" $ ù {"\"u @Y"pN"_\"T"u, "p >p X"pX"{T" T"Y", X"wO"X"Y"{BR">p X"pz
{S"_O"pT"z @s{\"{O" T"Y"u{O" T"QW"p\"pP": $ {T"@pZpO"o, Y"P"p&SY"pSW"pS"o _\"{S"@J>_P"pS"o
T"Y"{_" O"P"p X"pX"T"r{O" _"t{E"O"X"o $ S" E" {@X"P"| T"pP"S"p, C"J>pY"puSX"r{O"E"b"s: T"Jz> S" {` S"
V"sO"r{O" SY"pY"uS" W"u^"s {>T"pO"u O\"YY"{T" O"{"@J>_P"u W"\"uQ\u "uOY"e"p` - Q\"rY"pz_"z
{O"QmZ_P"z, O\"pS"pz _"zB"T"X" \" X"X" S"p_O"r{O" W"p\": $ O"P"p E"p{O"QmZ_P"u O\"{Y" X"X"
{>T"pO": @P"z W"\"u{Q{O", "z {\"{"S"{> - pC"rY"_Y"p {O"QrC"O"X"Y"p, O"\" E"b"s^":
_\"W"p\"O"pu QrC"O"X"O\"z O"vG"_"O"Y"p V"{`_O"uG"pu&SO"ZY"puB"uS"p{O"QrC"O"X"O\"p" $ SY"P"p
ppA"pE"SX"_"puY"sB "T"QoB"`N"z S" _Y"pO"o $ O"Qu\"puT"T"pQ{Y"O"sz T"sS"{\""u^"N"pSO"ZX"p` - QZQ{O"X"r^"{@{_"O"z Y""rpuOT"z O"O"o E": "puW"p: Y"_Y"p_O"Y"p $ P"\"p O"p"z Y""rpuOT"z
O"OT"@p"@O"Y"p O"O_"zV"{SR"S"r Y"p @o _"tY"Qr{":, O"mT"Y"p, O\""ue"_Y" _"tY"T"O\"pO"o,
_"tY"O"uG"_""p{O"QmZ_P"puOT"p{QT"@p"@O\"z _\"W"p\"O" {O" W"p\": $ S"S"s \"v^"{Y"@_"sA"p_"_Y"
O"\" Ql:A"X"u\" S"p{_O", {@z @wT"Y"uOY"e"p` QrS"{X"{O" $ T"pZ_"z_"pZ_"pB"Zu X""z
V"`l@pu{J>G"SX"_\"T"qZ{E"O"T"ZX"_"sA"z V"`l{\"R"{\"^"Y"\"p_"S"pB"p`B"_O"z V"\"f"sZ{S"W"pb"O"sZv: _"\"O": @w^Y"X"pN"z X"{\"^"p"_"{"W"{\"^"Y"G"s>z W"sG"X"puT"X"Qlp> SO":@ZN"Ql,z>
@X"
w pT"p"V"`l@z> Ql:A"\"qZz> X"pz {\"`pY" pSY" O"p"pu&S"s@XT"S"rY"_O\"Y"p VR"\Y"
{O" W"p\": $ _O"s O"p\"f"\" @wT"p{_"SR"pu\"pO"p $ SY"u&{T" Y"e" _\"_Y" `p{S"S"p{_O" T"Z_Y"
X"`pS"o pW": O"p"z @X" @s\"SOY"u\" $ Y"P"p W"Y"pS"@u \"OX"{S" V"\"SO"pu B"EF>SO": @X"TY"u@z
_"pP"W">z _\"_"pP"u S"Y"SO"rOY"p` - S"uS" @wT"p{>T"S"uS" `z QrS"pu R"SY":, _Y"p{X"{O" "u^": $
`{X"OY"e"pY"{X"{O" T"pKu> W"\"O"rOY"S"uS"pS\"Y": $ Y"z X"mT" OY"P": $ O"u O"\" T"sS": Y"O"p
{>T"pO"T"@X"N"p `p{S": b"{O"S" W"\"{O", E"_O\"P"u $ O"Qu\"pP"pSO"ZSY"p_"uS" M>Y"{O" {`X"@Z"S: \"S"u \"p `XY"u T"p_"pQ{\""u^"u \"p _"X": @ZpN"pz ZX"rS"pz {S"T"pO"pu Y"_Y" O"p": $
S" O"s _\"_Y"pv^"R"r"O"Y"p _\"rY"u \"S"u Y"{O@z{E""vO"SY"Y"su p{R"Y"z O"{T"ZrO"u `XY"u
SY"tS"O\"{X"{O" \"v^"XY"z @ZpuO"r{O" E"S_\"W"p\": $ O"\" u> "ST"O\"pQ{T" O"P"pu{E"O"{X"{O"
R\"{S": $ \"p@pZY"z Y"{O@{"Qo{\""u^"Zp{ÒY"_"tE"@X"o $$ 57 $$
T"pr - Pk
119
Bu
]! Shzu UP u AQ xo .
AuSz u ] u C. UuPh Uv | {
Gx E k! G | Uuh Px {Pz uSv
y{. E Ps \Uv Pshx. Au yzv {
US. A J HPuu A Au
hUPx. | C Psh, x
Pux x Th |Qx. Pi G E,
PmkUPh[Pu Sv Cv[P GU PkU
SUSQ. G E PnUS H EQ C. uUSU
Pk Ci US A Eux C. [P Pmi
\Q UPP, uh Q S
uk Azxa \ xPxsk. ( UP EP
Eu.) (57)
*
Zpz O"u T"prY"sB"X"B"ZpG"SY"O"S"Y"u

S" @u^"pX"pR"f"u1 @s_"sX""Z@puQNL>@sO"s@X"o $
{O"Z"rS"pu Y"e" d\"N"T"P"X"s {\"_"S"o
T"p\Y"p_"pu {Q"{O" "Z_"SR"pS"{R"^"N"pX"o $$ 58 $$
A u P APu|
| Pu 4zu 1 S\ Push SxP >
va^| z anu[U
A[P[P v\v \u|vn >> 58
1.
pQf"u Bu3zu.
u & APu|! \ P! u Ex, A

UQ P PsoS PvS Ch E C
PkP S\ PushSxP. UP APUPsh
u G P | Buzu. USz u
Hkzux? z G[S anu E[U Px z usi va^:
& SUP \uPz uQ, A[P[P:&
PhUPso uh \zu vn & A zxQ G
Gsnzu v\v & _miUPmkQx. ( & , u[SQ Pxh
G k.)
120
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 58
\zu|, zP ]u\P: uu, G u

|[P { .
bX"rR"Zp
Zpz @s{J>,z O"u T"prY"sB"z @N"Y"sB"S"Y"S"Y"sB"Y"puX"RY"z, B"ZpG"SY"O"S"Y"u !
S"B"uSO"S"Y"u! S" @u^"pX"pR"f"u _"\"u^z "pz @ZpuOY"u\" $ @s_"sX""Z@puQNL>@s O"s@z X"SX"P"E"pT"_"pvW"pBY"z,
{O"Z"rS": {O"Y"T"_"pqZO":, Y"e" T"prY"sB"u, d\"N"T"P"X"s @N"p{SO"@z T"pTY", {\"_"S"o
_UsZS"o, T"p\Y"p_": T"p_Y" @J>pb"_Y" \Y"p_": QvCY"|, {Q"{O" @Zpu{O" $
"Z_"SR"pS"{R"^"N"pz "Z_"SR"pS"_Y" V"pN"_"zY"puG"S"_Y" {R"^"N"pz V"s{z O"p{SO"z
_"z{Ò""Z{R"^"N"p{X"{O" Y"p\"O"o $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù B"ZpG"SY"O"S"Y"u ! O"u T"prY"sB"X"Zpz
@s_"sX""Z@puQNL>@s O"s@z @u^"pz S"pR"f"u $ Y"_X"pO"o Y"e" {O"Z"rS": {\"_"S"o T"p\Y"p_":
d\"N"T"P"X"s "Z_"SR"pS"{R"^"N"pz {Q"{O" $ e" W"p{SO"X"QpZ:; T"pu
_"z{Ò""ZW"pSO"uOP"pS"pO"o $ T"prY"sB"u @s_"sX""Z@puQNL>V"s{: {S""Y"p{OX"@p _"z"Y"T"t{\"@u {O" _"SQu`ppZ \" $ S"Y"puZpqW"p\"uS" _"Z: $$ 58
u
\ P! PxPUS PsPUSh E Pk
u G UPa \Qx. PhUPs Px }x |o
A PUPkQu G UPa \Qx. (58)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
Zp{X"{O" $ ù B"ZpG"SY"O"S"Y"u, Zpz @s{J>z O"u T"prY"sB"z W"Yt "sB"z, S" @u^"pX"pR"f"u
@s_"sX""Z@puQNL>@s O"s@z , {T" O"s _"\"u^ "pX"pR"f"u $ {O"Z"rS": {O"Y"B"p@w>:, d\"N"T"P"X"sCz Y",
{\"_"S"o T"p\Y"p_": @J>pb"{\"_"B":, "Z_"SR"pS"{R"^"N"pz {Q"{O" \Y"@ZpuO"rOY"P": $
p@N"p@w >"Z_"SR"pS"uS" X"QS"R"S"s: @_Y" @pvO"s@z S" @Zpu{O" $ S" @u^"pX"pR"f" {O" \Y"{O"Zu@u N"
T"Y"\"{_"O"p {S"Q"S"p $ SY": @sO"s@z Y"pu R"f"u Zp_Y" _"pR"XY"pO"o T"p\Y"p_":
"Z_"SR"pS"{R"^"N"pz {Q"{O" $ {O"Z"rS": d\"N"T"P"X"sCz Y" {\"_"{"{O" {>{\""u^"N"X"{`X"np
_"X"p_"pu{Zp{b""puT"X"p \"p $ e" _X"ZpZuZpR"f"u @s_"sX""Z@puQNL>@s O"s@{X"{O" Y"s: T"pK>: $
_"\"u^ "p{X"OY"S"pv{E"OY"pO"o $$ 58 $$
Uzu
u C[P AUS u G
HkzxQx. C[S : Buzu S\ Push SxP G
T"pr - Pk & Pu
121
hu u |x. (]US u G |
sk. A u Pzu x E]u.)
E UP. (58)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
Zp{X"{O" $ ù B"ZpG"SY"O"S"Y"u S" B"EF>O"rOY"B": T"\"O":, O"pG"SY": du:> {`X"\"pS"o,
O"f"S"Y"u @sT"Qr{T"@u, Zpz \"@p@pZz T"prY"sB"z d\"N"pW"ZN"{\""u^"Y"sBX"z, T"pr T"\"pr
@Nppr @N"@pu{J>{\"W"t^"N"u {O" {\""T"@p": $ @s_"sX""Z@puQNL>@s O"s@z @s_"sX""Z_Y"
@SQT"_Y", @puQNL>{\"{"A"T"Y"pY"pSO"p{S" T"s^T"p{N" _"\"p{N" _X"ZS"pX"R"uY"p{S" $ @puQNL>_Y"
@sO"s@z @puQNL>X"u\"vO"{Q{O" @sO"t`p{W"{S"{\">X"{W"T"pY"z @u^"pz T"s^"pN"pz S"pQf"u S" _"zT"pQY"{O" $
{T" O"s _"\"u^ "p{X"OY"P": $ Y"{QQz T"prY"sB"z S"R"S"s: _Y"pO"o, O"e" "Z_"SR"pS"z
@P"{X"OY"p">pY"pX"p`-{O"Z"rS" {O" $ Y"e" T"prY"sB"u {O"Z"rS": {O"Y"Y"p T"{O"O":,
d\"N"T"P"X"sRz Y" @N"T"pSO"z {Y"O\"p {\"_"S"o QuQrTY"X"pS":, T"p\Y"p_": @J>pb"{\"b"uT"E"pO"sZr{\""u^": "Z_"zR"pS"{R"^"N"pz V"pN"_"zY"puG"S"V"s{z {Q"{O" _"zT"pQY"{O" O"f"u
T"prY"sB"{X"{O" T"t\"uN " _"zV"SR": $$ 58 $$
Anv
Pv G K Ao u PU Pm] uQx.
PuoP SUP u[SQ |o ~ Puz usi[SQx.
PhUPso }sh SUPP u A miu
EnzxQx. (58)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
@pQ"pu@v S"ue "p{N" \"N"{Y"O\"p QpS"rz W"\s "pv \"N"Y"{O" $ Zp{X"{O" $ ù B"ZpG"SY"O"S"Y"u
T"\"O"T"{O"T"s{e", O"u O"\", Zpz T"prY"sB"z @u^"pz X"S"{_" @s_"sX""Z@puQNL>@pvO"t`z S"pR"f"u,
{T" O"s %N> "pz _"\"u^ "pX"T"r{O" $ Zpz \"@z , R"S"sZp@pZ: @NppW"ZNp{\"pu^": T"pr $ O"Y"puY"sB pz
u X"u T"pY"pv S" W"\"O":, {@SO"s @pX"@puQNL>X"u\"u{O" V"s{z G"S"Y"{O" $ Y"e" d\"N"T"P"X"s
{O"Z"rS"pu {\"_"S"o T"p\Y"p_": @J>pb"_"z_"B":, "Z_"SR"pS"{R"^"N"pz @u^"pz S" R"f"u $
{O"Z"rS"pu&Y"z @J>pb"pu S" W"\"{O", {@SO"s @puQNLu> _"X"pZpu{T"O"pu X"QS"V"pN" \"u{O" $ e"
_X"ZpZuZpR"f"u @sO"s@{X"{O" T"pK>pu Y"s:; G"B"SX"pO"s: T"pY"pu: _"\"u^"pz X"QS"V"pN"@pvO"s@{X"OY"su
{E"SOY"{X"{O" @u{E"Q{SO" $ \"_O"sO"pu&S"pv{E"OY"z O"Qp W"\"{O" Y"Qp @s_"sX""Z\Y"P"p \"{N"O"p _Y"pO"o $
S"u` O"P"p; {@SO"s @pvO"s@X"pe"z, O"f"s Qp_"rS"pS"pX"{T" W"\"OY"u\"u{O" p@Z \" T"pK>: _"XY"@o $
122
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 58
T"pr W"tqZ{O" @u{E"O"o $ e"puT"X"pT"lOY"pu: _"Z: $ Zpz O"u T"pr{O"T"_Y" Z`_Y"pP": $

E"O"sZdE"O"sZpX"npY"pS"pz X"Se"X"p` - Zp{X"{O" $ T"prY"sB"z "pY"sB"z, zCY"puT"qZ BpO\"p,
{X"{O\"p, Y"sO"{X"{O" T"t\"pX"npY"Qu\"O"p òrz _pz T"t\"pX"npY" SX"S"r $ (òzv ò_z òpv:) $$
58 $$
BuQ
11 _P[P PsP ozu B\ [P oUQ.
u Puo Gk. u G A
PukQ. Au Puo |UQ E PhUPs \Qx. Cx
}sh Ps A. P |o zu A G
uQx. A PhUPs SUP }Qx. A Pshx
PGsn[P EshuPU PuUThx. Ax E]u. US
PhUPs Ex. C[S \xa \x| v | uu
E G { Q. , U, : Gx
Ax v. (58)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
Zp{X"{O" $ ù B"ZpG"SY"O"S"Y"u, B" \" ZpG"SY"_O"_Y" T"s{e", O"u T"prY"sB"z
d\"N"pW"ZN"{\""u^"Y"sBX"z @s_"sX""Z@puQNL>@s O"s@z , @s_"sX""Zpu X"QS":, O"_Y" @puQNLz> R"S"s:, O"_Y"
@sO"s@z @pvO"s@z , @u^"pz T"s^"pN"pz S"pR"f"u; {T" O"s _"\"u^ "pX"pR"f" OY"P": $ {@z{\"R"z T"prY"sB"z,
Zpz E"@p@pZX"o $ Y"QrQz T"prY"sB"z S"R"S"s: _Y"pO"o, O"Qp O"e" "Z_"SR"pS"X"{T"
_Y"p{QOY"p"zY"p` - Y"e" T"prY"sB"u T"pzB"\Y"p_": T"pY"pu: @J>pb"Y"pu: \Y"p_"pu
{\"b"uT"E"pO"sZr{\""u^":, "Z_Y" _"SR"pS"{R"^"N"pz V"pN"_"zY"puG"S"V"s{z {Q"{O" _"zT"pQY"{O", O"f"u
T"prY"sB"{X"{O" T"t\"uN " _"zV"SR": $ {@z{\"R"pu&T"pzB"\Y"p_":, {O"Z"rS": {O"Y"Y"p {_P"O":
"Z_"SR"pS"X"{T" {O"Y"BW"\"O"r{O" $ T"sS": d\"N"T"P"X"sRz Y" @N"T"pSO"z zC"{Y"O\"p {\"_"S"o
QuQrTY"X"pS": $$ 58 $$
uzw
\ P! E Puo \Ui ux. Ax u
G Gsna \Qx. PhUPso Puo SUP \
|o mhmh APz uQx. (58)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" @N"Y"pB"W"pB"Y"z @pX"R"S"tT"@uN" \"N"Y"{O" - Zp{X"{O" $ S" B"EF>SO"rOY"B"p:
T"\"O"p_O"u^"pz ZpG"SY"pu X"tR"p{W"{^"pu {`X"\"pS"o, O"_Y" @SY"u $ O"u O"\" T"prY"sB"z, T"pY"pu:
T"pr - Pk & Pu
123
@N"pB"W"pB"Y"puY "z, @u^"pz %N> "pz @s_"sX""Z@puQNL>@s O"s@z @pX"R"S"s"X"O@pZz S"pR"f"u S" @Zpu{O" $
{T" O"s _"\"u^ "pX"T"rOY"P": $ T"prY"sB"z {\"{"S"{> - Y"e" T"prY"sB"u d\"N"z T"SP"p \"
d\"N"T"P":, O"X"sp{O"@XY" {\"_"S"o "puW"X"pS":, T"p\Y"p_": @J>pb"_"z_"B":
"Z_"SR"pS"{R"^"N"pz "Z_"SR"pS"{\"^"Y"pz V"s{z {Q"{O" QQp{O" wW> Y" {O" "u^": $ {O"Z"rS"pu
\"@pu \"@S"p{W"O\"uS" $ T"pr @N"O"pB"&u _"pv T"zp\"T"Qu "Y"puqZ{O" X"u{QS"r@Z: $$ 58 $$
uzu \vP
\ P! Ex P & CPxhP & Pv
KSvP. P P Px }sk SUP \Q PhUPs
A miuP EnQx. (58)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù B"ZpG"SY"O"S"Y"u ! S" B"EF>SO"rOY"B"p: T"\"O"p: O"pG"SY":, O"O": dup> u {`X"\"pS"o,
O"f"S"Y"u @sT"Qr{T"@u ! Zpz \"@p@pZz T"prY"sB"z d\"N"pW"ZN"{\""u^"Y"sBX"z, T"pr T"\"pr
@N"pr @N"@puJr> {\"W"t^"N"u {O" {\"": $ @s_"sX""Z@puQNL>@s O"s@z @s_"sX""Z_Y" @SQT"_Y",
@puQNL>{\"{"A"T"Y"pY"pSO"p{S" T"s^T"p{N" _"\"p{N" _X"ZS"pX"X"Y"p{S" $ @puQNL>_Y" @sO"s@z
@puQNL>X"u\"vO"{Q{O" @sO"t`p{W"{S"{\">X"{W"T"pY"z @u^"pz T"s^"pN"pz S"pR"f"u S" _"zT"pQY"{O", {T" O"s
_"\"u^ "p{X"OY"P": $ Y"{QQz T"prY"sB"z S"R"S"s: _Y"pO"o, O"e" "Z_"SR"pS"z S" @P"X"o?
d\"N"T"P"X"sRz Y" @N"T"pSO"z {Y"O\"p {\"_"S"o QuQrTY"X"pS":, T"p\Y"p_"zB":
@J>pb"{\"b"uT"E"pO"sY"{\""u^": "Z_"SR"pS"{R"^"N"pz V"pN"_"zY"puG"S"V"s{z {Q"{O" _"zT"pQY"{O" O"f"u
T"prY"sB"{X"{O" T"t\"e" _"zV"SR": $$ 58 $$
isi
P C PuoP u P, PxP KzuU Phx
PhUPs \x Az ukuPU Pm] uQx. (58)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
Zp{X"{O" - ù B"ZpG"O"S"Y"u T"\"O"ZpG"T"s{e" ! O"u O"\" Zpz \"@z T"prY"sB"z W"t Y"z
@u^"pz G"S"pS"pz @s_"sX""Z@puQNL>@s O"s@z @pX"@pX"s@ @pvO"s@z S" pR"f"u G"S"Y"{O", {T" O"s _"\"u^ "pz
G"S"Y"O"rOY"P": $ Y"e" T"prY"sB"u {O"Z"rS"pu \"@: d\"N"T"P"z @N"T"pSO"X"s {\"_"S"o
"puW"X"pS":, T"p\Y"p_": @J>pb"{\"b"uT": "Z_"SR"pS"{R"^"N"pz V"pN"_"zY"puG"S"V"s{z {Q"{O"
_"zT"pQY"{O" OY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - ù B"ZpG"O"S"Y"u ! z {\"^N"sz B"EF>O"rOY"B": \"v^N"\":,
124
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 59
O"pG"SY": _" E"p_"pv O"S"Y" {O", O"S"Y": T"qZT"pY"O\"pO"o, O"_Y" >: T"W"p\": {O" \"p $
B"ZpG"O"S"Y"u{O" O"wO"rY"pSO"z T"QX"o $ B"ZpG"O"S"Y"uS" \"v^N"\"uS" X"vS"p@uS" \"p _"` @u^"pz pR"f"
{O" T"QEFuQ> : $ @pZpu S"@pZpP"@: $ @u^"pz @sO"s@z S" R"f"u OY"P": $ "u^"z _"X"pS"X"o $$ 58 $$
Pu &
P & C[P. UP EP Eu.
APu & A & q P & A AhQ n
Pzxh zu Kk G qzv P. (58)
pS"SQ`ZrJ>r@p
Zp{X"{O" $ ù B"ZpG"SY"O"S"Y"u T"\"O"ZpG"T"s{e", Zpz \"@z O"u O"\" T"parY"sB"z
@N"pB"W"pB"Y"z @s_"sX""Z_Y" Y"O@puQNL>R"S"s: O"O@sO"s@z O""S"G"SY"z _"sA"z @u^"pz G"S"pS"pz S"pR"f"u
S" G"S"Y"{O", {T" O"s _"\"u^"pX"u\"u{O" W"p\": $ Y"e" T"prY"sB"u T"p\Y"p_"pu S"ue"p\Y"pT"pZ:
"Z_"SR"pS"{R"^"N"pz V"pN"pZpuT"N"V"s{z {Q"{O" G"S"Y"O"rOY"P": $ {@zW"tO":, {O"Z"rS"pu \"@:,
"ZT"b"u {O"Y"@o {S"Y"pu{G"O":, d\"N"T"P"z @N"\"OX", zCY" {O"@XY", $ {\"_"S"o "puW"X"pS": $
T"ppv S"ue"Y"puZSO"p{\"OY"X"Z: $ T"p{: @N"O"pB"u&_"pv T"zp\"z@T"Qu"Y"pu: $ T"pr T"_P"u E"
Y"t@pY"pz G"pO"X"ds{Y"pX"{T" {O" {\""T"@p": $ T"pr @N"pW"ZN"{\""u^" {O" @{"O"o $$
58 $$
Bu
P & Pv KSv. . (58)
_UsZNL>pW"puB"T"{O"U{O"O"pJ>Y"sB"z
E"O"s"@z X"SY"u O"\" X"sA"{X"Qz X"SX"P"1ZP"X"o $
Y"X"p lOY"\"{S"ZP"X"@uSQlE"ZN"z
X"`p\"rZpu X"pZ: T"X"P"T"O"Y"u _"{"O"\"O"u2 $$ 59 $$
zPshP vu uh[PP
\xa\U u Pu u 1 u >
zz{uPx\n
: uu uu 2 >> 59
O"pJ>Y> "sO"pu BpNL>pW"puBp: - uh[P P
125
1. X"pSX"P" u. 2. T"O"Y"u&"z {G"O"\"O"u, T"O"Y"u _\"z {G"O"\"O"u u&a uu.

u uu.
u & Pv & Pv! z & Psh BP vu
uh[PP & a\ Psti Pzx E vUQ C
uh[P[P Pshu u & Ex Cu P Cu P \xa\U u
u & |S \UQ[P u u {UQ.
B Gu Cu u : : u AUP & Cx
& \n & \v \UQ[PPU Psh, A{u Q
u uu & US Bzukzv u & u &
uPnzu ]; zv & GvUQ.
uh[PPu u|ksh, P|zP|Puh[P, zP]u\
P: u u |[P { Q.
bX"rR"Zp
_UsZNL>pW"puB"T"{O"U{O"O"pJ>Y"sB"z _UsZSO"pv E" O"pv B"NL>pW"puB"pv E" B"NL>_P"u
QT"N"\"{"X"p{\"OY"P": $ O"e" T"{O"U{O"z T"{O"{V"{XV"O"z O"pJ>Y"sB"z Y"_Y" _": $ O"z E"O"s"@z
E"O\"pqZ E"@p{N" ZP"E"ZN"p{S" Y"_Y" O"z E"O"s"@z , X"SY"u "u $ O"\" W"\"OY"p:, X"sA"z p_Y"z, Qz
QY"@X"u T"qZY"X"pS"z, X"SX"P"_Y" _Y"SQS"z, Y"z ZP"z, p {R">pY", l{O"
T"ZpRY"{O" {\"RY"O"r{O" Y"p\"O"o $ \"{S"ZP"z W"t{X"ZP"z, @u SQlE"ZN"z @u SQm _"tY"E"Spv O"p\"u\"
E"ZN"pv Y"_Y" _":, X"`p\"rZ: E"O"s"@ZP"pZpu`N"X"{`X"np T"{O"Ò"T"O"pT":, X"pZ: X"SX"P":,
T"X"P"T"O"Y"u {e"T"sZpSO"@pY", _"{"O"\"O"u _""z @s\"O"u _""z @s\"O" OY"P": $ e"uOP"z
T"QY"puG"S"p-ù W"B"\"{O" ! O"\" Qz X"sA"z _UsZNL>pW"puB"T"{O"U{O"O"pJ>Y"sB"z E"O"s"@nz
X"SX"P"ZP"z X"SY"u $ Y"X"p X"pZ: X"`p\"rZ__"S"o \"{S"ZP"X"@u SQlE"ZN"z _"{"O"\"O"u T"X"P"T"O"Y"u
l{O" $ @s R"l`û Y"p_"tY"pP"pS"pz Y"z T"{O" @puT": {O" E"O"sP"r $$ e" T"t\"pR"u OT"bu "p>pZ:,
W"B"\"OY"p: X"sA"_Y" ZP"O\"uS"puOT"bu "N"pO"o $ {O"rY"pR"u pZpu`N"_Y" X"`p\"rZO\"_"XT"pQ@O\"@P"S"pO"o T"QpP"Òu "s@z @p\Y"{X"pZ: $ T"ZX"u"Z_Y" X"SX"P"uS" _"pR"| Y"s_""p`p_"XV"SR"u&{T" _"XV"SR"@P"S"pQ{O""Y"pu{: $ @p\Y"{p{O""Y"pupuZpqW"p\"uS" _"Z: $
OT"bu "pY"p_O"s @p\Y"{z T"OY"S"sT"pN"@O"v\", S" _"z_"w{>:, S"p{T" _"Z: {O" RY"uY"X"o $
T"wP"@o{_P"OY"p T"@pZ@X"S"sT"pN"@X"o $ T"wP"{_P"OY"p T"Y"puG"@z T"_"G"S"X"o $ T"wP"{_P"OY"p
T"Y"puG"@X"X"o$ O"{b"Npz _"z_"w{>qZOY"p>pqZ@X"O"Z`_Y"X"o $ O"" T"t\"X"sX"{T" _T"^J>pP"|
T"sS": T"{O"T"p{QO"{X"{O" $$ 59 $$
126
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 59
u
u & Ex Cu Pzv, Psti ] UQ

Pzx mi E C uh[P[P J vUQx. Ax G Ezv
|S \UQ[P Psh u uP vUQu. u
]h u mk. ] \v C
\U[PPU Psh Q uzv uz vPh u
BzuQ. u miP |S \U[P u
BzuQ. PxP uh[P[P C\UQ[P, A Psti
P mi vUP sk C \U[P. |S \UQ[P
Psh E Pzu uPU Psk US Q. (59)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
@X"T"p"z d\"N"pW"ZN"z _O"pv{O"- _UsZ{Q{O" $ _UsZO"o S"pS"pZ"Qr{R"{O"G"puS" T"@p"X"pS"z
>z BpNL>pW"puB"Y"pu:, @T"puT"qZN"p`Y"pu:, T"{O"{V"{XV"O"O"pJ>Y"sB"z, P"\"p _UsZO"pu:
{S"T"X"S"vX"Y"uS" QuQrTY"X"pS"Y"pu: B"NL>pW"puB"Y"pu: @T"puT"qZN"p`Y"pu: T"{O"U{O"O"pJ>Y"sB"z
E"O"s"@z O"\" X"sA"{X"Qz X"pSX"P"ZP"X"p p{dOY" \"{S"ZP"z T"wP\"rZP"z @u SQlE"ZN"z
E"S_"tY"E"@X"p _\"z T"Zz QvOY"_"zC"z {G"O"\"O"u T"X"P"T"O"Y"u l{O" $ puOY"sW"Y"e"
_"zV"SR": $ X"`p\"rZ: W"\"SX"sA"b"N"ZP"pdY"N"T"p"pX"puC"{\"@X"pu X"pZ: $ T"X"P"T"O"uZ\"{S"ZP":
_"tY"E"ST"{E"@:$ W"\"SX"sA"ZP": E"O"s"@: P" E"S_"tY"\"{T"S"Y"S"e"Y"p{R"{>O> ":,
O"X"p{dOY" T"X"P"T"{O"z G"u^Y"O"r{O" {@X"p"Y"{X"{O" R\"{S": $ e" Y"X"p{dOY"u{O" Y"s: T"pK>: $
X"QS"_Y" G"B"Q{XV"@pX"sA"pZpu`N"X"pT"pO"O"pu&S"s{E"O"{X"{O" $ Y"Ql{E"O"z O"O_"{B"p
X"o $
T"@w O"X"sA"_\"T"X"T"òS"sOY" X"pSX"P"ZP"O\"pZpuT"pQT"òS"s{O": $$ 59 $$
Uzu
Puo z J Pzv mhP vUQx. UP
u. C[S u u Pzv u Ax \
A]u. (59)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
_UsZ{Q{O" $ _UsZNL>pW"puB"T"{O"U{O"O"pJ>Y"sB"z @N"T"p"X"NL>p@pZpW"ZN"{\""u^"Y"sBX"z
Y"e" O"f"P"puz , X"sA"_Y" {\""u^"N"z, {V"zV"Y"sB"_Y" T"{O"{V"zV"Y"sB"u G"pO"u E"O"s:_"zAY"puT"XW"pO"o
E"O"s{W""@v \"`S"rY"z X"SX"P"ZP"X"u\" @SQT"_Y"SQS"X"u\" Qz O"\" X"sA"z "u $ O"Qu\" {\"{"S"{>, Y"z
O"\" X"sA"b"N"z ZP"X"p X"`p\"rZpu X"pZ: @O"p, @u SQlE"ZN"z W"p_@Z{S""p@ZW"p_\"ZE"@pu\"z, \"{S"ZP"z W"t{X"ZP"X"p _\"X"pOX"pS"z {G"O"\"O"u {O"Z_@wO"\"O"u T"X"P"T"O"Y"u
127
X"`pQu\"pY" s{O", T"ZpW"\"z @Zpu{O" $ {E"@_Y" ZP"_Y" B"X"S"\"v@Y"_"XW"\"pO"o,

O"pu&{R"@O"p E"O"s"@_"zW"\"u, O"{P"S"z T"{O" O"QmS"Z{P"S": T"ZpG"Y"pu Y"s: $ pu{O"
Qr{T"@ppZ: $ Y"X"pu{O" @SQT"uN " _"zV"SR": $ \"{S"ZP"X"pu{O" X"`pQu\"uS" _"zV"SR":$
V"SR"Y"X"{T" QrT"@O"p"VQ_Y", Y"P"p G"pX"pe"P"pu QrT": _"\"| \"uX"p{W"G\"{O" {O" @pY"Y"_"pR"S"pZp P"Y"purT"S"_"zW"\"pO"o QrT"@O\"X"o $ e" pu@u X"`pQu\"_Y"puT"qZ X"SX"P"G"Y"_"zT"fY"p X"`pQu\"_Y" @pX"X"pu{Ò"{E"f"\"w{f"O"Y"p, O"SX"pu`S"v@Z{_"@_Y" W"B"\"O"r\"QS"pZ{\"SQ_Y" _"X"{R"@wpZZ_"pW"p\"u _"zT""u X"`pQu\"@p{SO"p\"NY"{\"{"z> pu@puf"ZO\"X"s{>z @O"{X"{O" W"p\": $$ 59 $$
Anv
mh Puo uh[P, Pzv GvP vUP
|S \UQ Psh u uPz uQx. C \U[P
] uUSz uh Hux Pnzu |. u uUS |S
\UQ[P. EP Eu. Pu x u u
PQ u , ] P\mk uUPP Q[Su,
Au ]UQ u Pzu a]Psk ] Buhu
G Pm] \. (59)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
T"p"@X"z O"pJ>Y"z _O"pv{O" - _UsZNLu{> O" $ ù {`X"{B"qZ@SY"u Qz O"\" X"sA"z X"SX"P"ZP"z
X"SY"u $ {@zb"N"z ZP"z, E"O"s"@z E"O\"pqZ E"@p{N" Y"{_X"S"o _"pv O"z, E"O"s"ZN"O"Y"p
{S"X"npu "O"pY"pz W"tX"p\"_A"S"pO"o \Y"pC"pO"pW"p\": $ X"`pQu\"ZP"pT"ub"Y"p QrC"_""O\"z E"
_"t{E"O"X"o $ X"`pQu\"ZP"_O"s T"w{P"\"r, _" E" X"w{f"@p{QE"@"; Y"z O"s p\"NY"_"sR"p_"\"_\"X"Y":
E"O"s"@" $ P"\"p X"S"pu X"PS"pO"r{O" X"SX"P":, _" E"p_"pv ZP""u{O" @pX":, _"zB"pX"Q"S"X"pe"uN"
Y"pu X"S"{_" \"v@Y"pT"pQ@:$ E"O"s"@O\"z _"X"P"Y"{O" - {@zb"N"z X"sA"z, _UsZNL>pW"puB"T"{O"U{O"O"pJ>Y"sB"z, _UsZSO"pv p\"NY"@p{SO"T"tN"O"Y"p {S"X"O"ZX"s@s ZpY"X"pNppv Y"pv BpNL>pv
@T"pupv, O"Y"puZpW"puBp: T"qZNpp`: O"e" T"{O"U{O"z T"{O"{V"{XV"O"z O"pJ>Y"sB"z Y"e" O"f"P"p $
O"P"p E" {V"XV"Y"z T"{O"{V"XV"Y"z E"u{O" {X"{O\"p E"O"s"@O\"X"o $ {@z E" X"`pQu\"ZP":
_"tY"uS QlE"@: $ e" O"s _"tY"E"Sp"Y": T"pqZT"p"@p: $ Y"X"uO"p"z pu@puf"Zz ZP"X"p
X"`p\"rZpu X"pZ: T"X"P"T"O"Y"u l{O" \"vZpY"O"u$ @SQT"_Y" X"`p\"rZO\"pO"o _""p`\Y"\"_"pY"uS"
{\"S"Y"V"T"Zp@X""{@{O"T"O"pT"T"W"p\"p
{\"_X"Y"p{\"^"pQp_"zX"pu`QsR"^"_"vSY"_"zT""R"S"p{W"G"S"X"Se""{T"W"wO"Y"pu \"rZW"p\"p: _"t{E"O"p:$ T"X"P"T"O"Y" {O" _"zB"pX"_"X"Y"u T"X"P"p \"
128
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu - 59
{X"{SO" S" O"s B"G"ZP"O"sZB"p{QC"J>pC"{J>O"z @J>@{X"{O"$ {@zb"N"pY" T"X"P"T"O"Y"u, \"{S"T"z

ZP"z _"tY"uS QlE"ZN"ZP"X"puOY"e"p{T" Y"puG"S"rY"X"o $ _\"z _\"@Y"z {e"T"sZp{Q@z {G"O"\"O"u {O"
\Y"pAY"uY"X"o $ S" O"s _\"pOX"pS"z @SQT"{X"{O" \Y"pAY"uY"X"o $ @SQT"G"Y"p\"_"Zu _"X"p{R"_P"O\"uS"
ZP"pS"pZpu`pO"o, Y"sz {\"S"v\" puE"S"pS"G\"pY"v\" O"_Y" Qp`pO"o$ O"p\"O"p O"pJ>\"N"S"z @P"z
G"pO"{X"{O" E"uQEl Y"O"u $ Y"f"p\"f"pJ>Y"sB"z X"SX"P"ZP"E"@W"tY" X"`pQu\"X"{T" X"pu`Y"O"rOY"uO"p"{X"{O" $ @SQT"_Y" T"ZX"u"ZrX"sA"ZP"pZpu`N"puOY"p X"sA"X"NL>_Y" T"ZX"@X"S"rY"O"pup $
Y"O"o ^>p X"`pQu\"_O"T"_OY"O\"p O"Qu@T"ZO"Se"pu G"pO" {O" $ @s R"l`û Y"p_"tY"pP"pS"pz Y"z T"{O"
@puT": OY"S"uS" _"zT"QpS"O\"X"o $ e"puT"X"pT"@pT"òS"sO"Y"pu&pZp c"pO"\Y"p: $ X"SY"u {O"
\"pP"u Y"Qp O"QpuT"X"p $ Qz X"sA"z ZP"X"u\" X"SY"u O"Qp T"@X"o $ S"uQz X"sA"z z {@SO"s X"SX"P"ZP":,
O"QpT"òS"s{O": $ _UsZNLu{> O" pu@_Y" Z`_Y"pP": $ _UsZ{Q{O" $ _UsZNL>p \"pN"r, pW"puB":
@pX"V"rG"z O"pJ>Y"sB"z @s E"O"sqZOY"p@pZz X"SY"u @pZz E"@z \"N"p: @u SQm E"@z O"uS" Uo_"pvz ZP"z
ZuUpS"s_\"pZpv E"@ V"rG"z, W"pu{B"S"r S"pX"nYu "X"o $ uz z @sUo_"pvz $ Q{b"N"pX"npY"W"pu{B"S"r {\"p $
(puz uz rz {"u {"X"Q\"u ò_"pv: $) $$ 49 $$
BuQ
UP. u u |S \UQ[P Pshu
k[P { ux. ]x u stx. APux
u u. stx ]u. \. u Gv
zuz ua \. uh[P[P [P Csk. v[P
Csk G |S \UQ[P. u \U[P & \vP.
CP AU AQ { Pm]U Ps. _.
u Gx k. Bzu { Gx. ,
, U, P, uUSx u ]P
Psh. ] |hP k. u Pn[Pz u
h Gz uzv. vu ] |z w u
Gzux. {P. C ] uzv. u u
Pzux ku ] u Pzu UP |ux.
Au u PU Psk ] \UPa \Q. u
Auu u P APx. un |zvP Q
z Cu P]. I U S, K I U| Uu
uz : G v i. (59)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
_UsZ{Q{O" - ù T"ZX"u"qZ, O"\"uQz RT"pS"B"puE"ZrW"tO"z X"sA"z \"QS"z X"SX"P"ZP"z X"SY"u $
X"SX"P"_Y" _Y"SQS"z G"pS"p{X" $ @P"z _Y"SQS"_"pXY"{X"{O" O"e"p` - {@z{\"R"z ZP"z, E"O"s"@z ,
129
E"O\"pqZ E"@p{N" Y"{_X"S_" O"P"p O"X"o $ S"S"s @p{S" E"@p{N" {O" O"e"p` - T"sS": {@z{\"R"z,
_UsZNL>pW"puB"T"{O"U{O"O"pJ>Y"sB"z,_UsZS"o Y"pu B"NL>pW"puB":, O"e" T"{O"U{O"z
O"pJ>Y"puY"sB "z Y"z Y"{_X"S"o, O"f"P"p $ @N"p_"O"pJ>Y"sBX"X"u\" E"@Y"z, O"Qu\" B"NL>pW"puB"u
T"{O"U{O"z _"O"o {O"rY"z E"@Y"sB"z G"pO"X"o $ \"z E"O"s"@pOX"@O\"X"o $ S"S"s ZP"u Z{P"S"p W"p\Y"z,
O"e"p` $ X"`p\"rZpu X"pZpu G"B"QG"uY": _X"Zpu Y"z ZP"X"p T"X"P"T"O"Y"u B"N"p{R"T"O"Y"u pY" l{O"
T"ZpW"\"z @Zpu{O" $ {@z{\"R"pY", _\"z pOX"pS"z {G"O"\"O"u X"pZz {O"Z_@s\"O"u {G"O"u{SY"pY"uOY"P":,
{@z@wOY", \"{S"ZP"X"p, \"{S"W"t{ X": _"v\" ZP"_O"z, {@z{\"R"ZP"z, @u SQlE"ZN"z,
@"uSQl" O"pv _"tY"pE"SX"_"pv E"ZN"pv Y"_Y" O"z {E"@_Y" B"X"S"\"v@Y"_"zW"\"pO"o $
{R"@E"@_"zW"\"pO"o O"{P"S": T"O"rT"X"pZZ{P"S"p T"ZpG"Y"pu Y"s: $ e" pu@u X"`pQu\"_Y"puT"qZ
X"SX"P"G"Y"_"zT"fY"p, X"`pQu\"_Y" @pX"X"pu{Ò"{E"f"\"w{f"O"Y"p, O"SX"pu`S"v@Z{_"@_Y" W"B"\"O"r\"QS"pZ{\"SQ_Y" _"X"{R"@wpZZ_"pW"p\"u _"zT""u X"`pQu\"p{R"@@p{SO"{\"{"z> pu@puf"ZO\"X"s{E"O"{X"{O" W"p\": $$ 49 $$
uzw
BuQ UP. (59)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" X"sA"X"sOT"ub"X"pN"pu \"N"Y"{O", _UsZ{Q{O" $ ù G"S"{S" O"\"uQz X"sA"z O"SX"pSX"P"ZP"z,
X"SX"P"_Y"pY"z X"pSX"P":, O"z X"SY"u O"@Y"p{X" $ ZP"z {\"{"S"{> - E"O\"pqZ E"@p{N" Y"{_X"z_O"z,
E"O"s"@O\"_"zT"pQS"pY" X"sA"z {\"{"S"{> - B"NL>Y"puZpW"puB"pv B"NL>pW"puB"pv _UsZSO"pv E" O"pv B"NL>pW"puB"pv
E", O"e" T"{O"U{O"O"pJ>Y"sB"z Y"e" O"z, O"z @{X"OY"T"ub"pY"pX"p` - Y"X"p X"`p\"rZpu X"pZ:
T"X"P"T"O"Y"u l`{O" $ @s R"l`û Y"p_"tY"pP"pS"pz Y"z T"{O" @puT": {O" E"O"sP"r $ @u SQmE"ZNppvz Y"[_X"z_O"z
\"{S"T"z ZP"X"p _\"z "e"sz {e"T"sZz {G"O"\"O" {O" T"X"P"T"qO"{\""u^"N"X"o $ {G"B"pY"u{O"
{G"O"\"pz _ O"_X"v $ {G"{@ Y"pT"u b "Y"p E"p_\"{X"{O" @X" { N" {O"rY"p $ X"pZ_Y" X"`p\"rZO\"z
_"\"{S"Y"SO"wdrX"`pQu\"_Y" T"{O"_T"{R"O\"uS" $$ 59 $$
uzu \vP
u UP. A PmkkzxQ u
Gvu u G Pz uQx. (59)
130
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -60
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù T"ZX"u"qZ ! _UsZNL>pW"puB"T"{O"U{O"O"pJ>Y"sB"z _UsZO"pu: p\"NY"@p{SO"R"p\"Y"uS"
_"X"sSX"wQ> T"N"puQZ\"O"o T"{O"{V"XV"B"`N"u {S"T"sN"Y"pu: B"NL>pW"puB"Y"pu: @T"pu_P"Y"pu: T"{O"U{O"z
_""pO"_"XW"p{SO" O"pJ>Y"sB"z @N"T"p"X"NL>@pZpW"ZN"{\""u^"Y"sBX"z Y"e" O"f"P"puX"o $ X"sA"_Y"
{\""u^"N"X"o $ {V"XV"Y"sB"_Y" T"{O"{V"XV"Y"sB"u G"pO"u E"O"s:_"puT"XW"p"O"s"@z
E"O"s{W""@v \"p`S"rY"z X"SX"P"ZP"X"u\" Qz O"\" X"sA"z "u $ O"Qu\" {\"{"S"{> - Y"z O"\" X"sA"b"N"z
X"SX"P"ZP"X"p X"`p\"rZpu X"pZ: @O"p, @u SQlE"ZN"z W"p_@Z{S""p@ZW"p_\"ZE"@puGG\"X"\"{S"ZP"z W"t{X"ZP"X"p _\"X"pOX"pS"z {G"O"\"O"u {O"Z_@wO"\"O"u T"X"P"T"O"Y"u X"`pQu\"pY" l{O"
T"ZpW"\"z @Zpu{O" $ {E"@_Y" ZP"_Y" B"X"S"\"v@Y"_"XW"\"pO"o O"Q{R"@O"p E"O"s"@_"zW"\"u $
O"{P"S"z T"{O" O"QmS"Z{P"S": T"ZpG"Y"pu Y"s: $ pu{O" Qr{T"@ppZ:, Y"X"pu{O"
@SQT"uN " _"` _"zV"SR": $ \"{S"ZP"X"pu{O" X"`pQu\"uS" _"zV"SR": $ _"zV"SR"Y"u QrT"B"O""O""VQ_Y" Y"P"p G"pX"pe"P"pu QrT": _"\"| \"uX"p{W"G\"Y"{O" {O" @pY"Y"_"pR"S"pZp
P"Y"purT"S"_"zV"SR"prT"@O\"X"o $ e" pu@u X"`pQu\"_Y"puT"qZ X"SX"P"G"Y"_"zT"fY"p X"`pQu\"_Y"
@pX"X"pu{Ò"{E"f"\"w{f"O"Y"p O"SX"pu`S"v@Z{_"@_Y" W"B"\"O"r\"QS"pZ{\"SQ_Y" _"X"{R"@wpZZ_"pW"p\"u _"zT""u, X"`pQu\"p\"NY"@p{SO"{"z> pu@puf"ZO\"X"sq> O"{X"{O" W"p\": $$
isi
u UP (59)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
_UsZNLu{> O" $ _UsZO"puB"NL>pW"puB"Y"pu: @T"pu_P"Y"pu: T"{O"U{O"z T"{O"{V"{XV"O"z O"pJ>Y"sB"z
@N"W"t^"N"{\""u^"Y"z, Y"e" O"{QQz X"sA"z E"O"s"@z X"SX"P"ZP"z X"SY"u $ {\"XV"T"{O"{V"XV"pWY"pz
O"pJ>T"E"@E"O"s>Y"puT"XW"pO"o Y"z ZP"X"p X"`p\"rZpu X"pZ: @SQT": T"X"P"T"O"Y"u X"`ppY"
l{O" $ @"pY" @uSQlE"ZN"z _"tY""{"E"@Y"X"\"{S"ZP"z W"t{X"ZP"X"p _\"z T"Zz "e"sz
{e"T"sZz {G"O"\"O"u {O"Z_@wO"\"O"u $ e" puOY"sW"Y"e"pS\"u{O" $ P"\"p \"{S"ZP"z _"s>s {"O"\"O"u
Y"pu{G"O"\"O"u T"X"P"T"O"Y"u OY"P": $ E"O"s"@z X"SX"P"ZP"z, O"\" X"sA"z @O"w, @uSQlE"ZN"X"\"{S"ZP"z
l {O" Y"X"p X"pZ: T" X "P"T"O"Y"u l O"r{O" \"p _"z V "SR": $ {\"^N"s T "b"u _"s S QZrB"pu T "pRY"pS"p{W"T" p Y"u N " X"pu { `S"rT"p{W"T" p Y"u N " \"p O"pJ> T"rW"t ^ "N"\"N" S "z ,
O"pJ>Y"sB"pSY"S"s@ZpuO"r{O" \Y"sOT"fY"p @sNL>T"Zz O"pJ>Y"sB"T"Qz \"p $$ 59 $$
@sNL>H"NpO@pZ: - Ssh
131
Pu
UP Eu. q u P v i
u. ] u. Ax AQ uh[P SshP .
Ssh uh[PS. (59)
pS"SQ`Zr
_UsZ{Q{O" $ O"\"uQz X"sA"z X"SX"P"_Y" @pX"_Y" ZP"z X"SY"u OT"ub"u $ @"z E"O\"p{Z
E"@p{N" Y"e" _" O"P"p O"X"o $ O"e" ùO"sB"W"{\""u^"N"X"p` - _UsZr{"X"O"o B"NL>pW"puB"Y"pu: T"{O"U{O"z
T"{O"{V"z{V"O"z O"pJ>Y"sB"z @N"pW"ZN"{\""u^"Y"z Y"e" O"p"z X"sA"z, pW"puB": T"qZT"tN"O"uOY"X"Z: $
@wQ{W"{Ò" {O" SY"pY"p{X"T"ZO\"X"o $ @N"Y"pu_O"pJ>Y"sB"z B"NL>Y"pu_O"OT"{O"{V"XV"Y"{X"{O"
E"O"s"@O"u{O" W"p\": $ Y"f\"SX"sA"T"z ZP"X"p X"`p\"rZpu X"pZ: @pX": T"X"P"T"O"Y"u {"\"pY"
l{O" pu`z @Zpu{O" G"S"Y"O"rOY"P": $ l`R"pO"sY"puB"pO@X"{N" E"O"sP"r @"pY", \"{S"ZP"z T"wP\"rT"z
ZP"z, @uSQm _"tY"E"Spv E"ZN"pv E"@u, O"z _"{"O"\"O"u pM>pY" $ Y"pu{G"O"\"O"u {O" T"pKu>
\"{S"ZP"X"puOY"p\"w{f": $ _\"z @pX"z {G"O"\"O" OY"P": $$ 59 $$
Bu
EP UP. (59)
*
_"Z_\"OY"p: _"tZX"wO"`Zr@pv"`Zr:
{T"V"SOY"p: "\"p{N" d\"N"E"ss@pWY"p1X"{\"ZX"o2 $
E"X"O@pZpC"pE"{O"{"Z_": @sNL>B"N"pu
3
H"N"O@pZv_O"pZv: T"{O"\"E"S"X"pE"> \" O"u $$ 60 $$
z: Uw: Au P\:
z: \o an _P 1 A 2 >
\zP aP\u]: SshPn
3
nzu u: v\|\h C u >> 60
1. E"^"@pWY"pz \P.
2. {\"ZO"z Au.
3. ZNpO@pZv nzP:
u & \o! EPa ]uUQ \ G ] !

z:& v Au P\:& AuUQ
132
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -60
UQ Uw:& | P an_P (\P) &

PuQ S A Chh z:& SQ; \zP
& aP \u]:& (UQ) AP mhz u A\
uSshPn:& EsPuo Ssh\ u: EUP JUQ
nzP: nn J v\| & H B\h C &
\Qx .
P, P|v, \uzz,
uz u u |[P { .
xvw,
bX"rR"Zp
_"Z_\"OY"p W"pZOY"p:, _"t: X"R"sZ\"E"pz{_", X"wO"`Zr@pv"`Zr: X"wO"`Y"p:
_"sR"pT"\"p`puO_"u@_Y" @pv"z _"pvW"pBY"z `ZSO"r{O" O"p: $ `Zr"VQ: pvN"p{Q@pu
{S"T"OY"Y"pSO":, @w{Q@pZpQ{S"pu \"p D>r^"o \"\Y": {O" D>r^"o $ {T"V"SOY"p: R"Y"SOY"p:,
"\"p{N" ! "\"_Y" T"ZX"u"Z_Y" T"{" ! d\"N"E"s@s pWY"pz E"s@s z T"_"wOY"R"| d\"N"u dpue"u \"
E"s@s u O"pWY"pz {\"Zz Y"P"p W"\"{O" O"P"p, _"p\"R"pS"uS"uOY"P": $ E"X"O@pZpC"pE"{O"{"Z_":
E"X"{QOY"\Y"Y"X"p"Y"pS"s@ZN"\"p{E" $ @pZ"VQ: _\"T"T"Z: $ Y"p - _"sA"Ql:A"puQWo "tO"pS"SQv:
`K>p{u OP"O"{E"f"{\"{@Y"p E"X"O@pZ: _"_"rO@pZ"ZrZpup_"S"p{Q@wO"o $ E"X"O@pZpC"p_"s
p"Y"pS"s@ZN"_"SQpu`û "s E"{O"z {"Zpu Y"_Y"p_O"_Y"p:, @sNL>B"N": @N"pW"ZN"_"X"w`:
H"N"O@pZv: H"N"{QOY"\Y"Y"z W"t^"N"Z\"pS"s@ZN"u $ @pZ"VQ: _\"T"\"pE"r $ H"N"O@pZv: O"pZv:
{O"V"`l:v "O"Zv:, T"{O"\"E"S"z T"{O""VQz S"sX"puQ\"E"S"z, pE"> \" O"u $$ e"uOP"z
T"QY"puG"S"p - ù "\"p{Np ! O"u X"wO"`Zr@pv"`Zr: _"t: d\"N"E"s@s pWY"pX"{\"Zz
{T"V"SOY"p: E"X"O@pZpC"pE"{O"{"Z_": _"Z_\"OY"p: @sNL>B"N": O"pZv: H"N"O@pZv:
T"{O"\"E"S"X"pE"> \"$ e" f"ZpR"u OT"bu "ppZ:; H"N"O@pZpN"pz T"{O"\"E"S"O\"uS"
_"XW"p\"S"pO"o $ T"t\"pR"u {O""Y"pu{ZpZ:; _"Z_\"OY"p: {"Z:@XT"S"_"XV"SR"pW"p\"u&{T"
_"XV"SR"puu Z_"XV"SR"u _"XV"SR"{S"V"SR"S"pO"o $ W"Y"puZpqW"p\"uS" _"Z: $$ 60 $$
u
\ ! v C a_ AuUQ
C_ x. AuU PxPU QsnUQU Szx Q }
v ! P A G umi mkx E
Ssh[P EUP n n G Jzx Ax \ G
u?
133
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
O"pJ>Y"sB"z T"_O"tY" d\"N"Y"sB"T"AY"pT"S"pZp @sNL>B"N"z _O"pv{O" $ _"Z_\"OY"p {O" $
_"Z_\"OY"p: _"t: B"T"p{QB"N"T"p:, X"wO"T"ZXT"Zp{S"R"pS"_"X"p:, d\"N"E"s@s pWY"pz
{\"ZO"z S"\"ZO"z {T"V"SOY"p: O"\" E"X"O@pZpC"pE"{O"{"Z_": _"t{d\"N"_"X"s{QO"E"X"O@pZuN" Y"p _"pR"s\"pQpuO_"s@O"p O"Y"p @z{T"O"X"pv:u @sNL>B"N": T"{O"\"E"S"X"pE"> \" $ O"u
T"OY"s{: _"pR"s _"p{R\"{O" @P"Y"O"r\" $ P"\"p E"X"O@pZ_Y" Y"p pC"p _"pR"t{:, O"Y"p
@z{T"O"{"Z_": O"\" @sNL>BpN": O"pZv"v: H"N"O@pZv: T"{O"\"E"S"z S"sX"puQS"T"z pE"> \" $
S" @u\"z O\"z pC"_"u, {@z O"s E"uO"S": @sNL>B"N": S"sX"puQO" {O" R\"{S": $
d\"N"Y"puE"s@s O\"AY"pT"S"z, O""pX"wO"p_\"pQS"T"p@N"S"u @pZN"z, O"" pC"pY"pz @pZN"z, _"p
E" T"{O"\"E"S"QpS"u @pZN"z, T"{O"\"E"S"z E"puT"X"Y"p WY"O" {O" @pZN"X"pp $$ 60 $$
Uzu
(C uh[P[P, C PxP G \ C Ssh[P Ch
Q.) \ ! v \P E|h \,
Aa_ Au u \P Cx Pv , } Au Chh Px
Szx Q Au \zPzuz umi mh, Auz u\
Bi Ssh[P Au n n G Jh Q? }
mk \. A\u Ssh _Qx. Auzua ]u
PU Px Sx, Au Hmh { mha \, Au u
A\, Ssh APP Bi JUQx. G, J PnPzuh. (60)
NppX"pu{QS"r
_"Z_\"OY"p {O" $ ù p\"p{Np ! SQ\"NpW"\"p\"{`X" OY"p{QS"p pS"s@o $ D>rT"o
T"OY"Y"" $ p\"Q{Y"O"u X"wO"`Zr@pvp`Zr:, X"wO"`ZrNppz _"sR"pT"\"p`pNppz
O"ZW"{\"b"puW"p `Zr\"r{E"@puX"Y": {O" {\""T"@pp: $ @pvpz X"pR"sY"| X"pR"sY"pOX"@z
_"pX"PY"{\"pu^"z `Z[SO" QmZr@s\"SO"r{O" `Zr: _\"p{R"Y"uS" O"_Y"p SY"tS"O"p_"zT"pQqzY"e"r:,
_"Z_\"OY"p: \"pBQ\"uO"pY"p: _"t:, _"s\"E"S"{V"SY"p_"X"R"sZ_UO"p Bpr: {:,
d\"NpE"s@s pWY"pz @NpT"@ZO"pWY"pz, @ZO"uS"v\" A"s T"pS"rY"p{Q T"uY"z T"rY"O" {O"
@ZO"_"pR"XY"| d\"Np_Y"$ O"uS" E" _"Z_O"\"O"r_"tS"pz X"wO" Z_"pOX"@O\"z R\"SY"O"u $ {T"V"SOY"p
p_\"pQY"SOY"p: O"QP"{\"pu^"E"X"O@pZX"S"sW"\"SOY"p:, O" \" ùO"pu:, {\"ZO"z
E"X"O@pZpC"pE"{O"{pZ_": @sNL>BpNp:, E"X"O@pZpu S"pX" dtY"X"pNpBprO"pVQp{QG"{S"O":
X"pR"sY"p{O"pY":, O"_Y" pC"p T"pS"z, O"uS" E"{O"{pZ_": @z{T"O"X"tR"n: O"\" @sNL>BpNp:,
134
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -60
_"tbX"@sNL>_"X"t`pOX"@pu W"t^"Np{\"pu^": @O"p, O"pZv: OY"s"R\"{S"{\"pv^"v: H"NpO@pZv:

_\"@Y"X"{NpBpNp_"zC">S"G"{S"O"_"zZJ>S"v: T"{O"\"E"S"X"pE"> \" T"OY"sf"Zz Qf" \" $
T"P"X"T""\"E"S"pS"SO"Z_"Qlf"ZT"QpS"_"X"pS"{X"\" ppuW"O" {O" _"t{E"O"z W"\"{O" $ @sO":?
_"Z_\"O"r_"tu : @X"R"sZO\"pO"o @sNL>BpNpH"NpO@wO"rS"pX"{T" X"pR"sY"u _"{O" O"Y"pu: _"z\"pQpP"|
_"pXY"X"_O"r{O" W"p\": $$ 60
Anv
\ ! | \h v ]u, C
PP Szx }zu Sx } Px Szx Q.
Au a_ Auzv Cz ua \ux. Au } _zxU Su
PxP Q. Au C } umi mi. E
u\Pz u Bi Ssh[P. u u[PmhP Bh n
n G Jzx u. (60)
pS"SQqBpZrY"p
_"Z_\"OY"p {O" $ ù "\"p{N" @sNL>B"N": @N"pW"ZN"_"X"t`_O"u O"\" T"{O"\"E"S"X"pE">
\" $ T"{O"\"E"S"X"e"pS"sX"puQS"T"X"o $ @v: O"pZv: X"p{N"Y"H"N"O@pZv: T"Z_T"Zpu^"N"_"zG"pO"v:
"VQv:, _"Z_\"OY"p: _"t:, ds{O"\"pY"u T"Y"sGY"X"pS"u _"{O" \"X"u\" _"OY"z OY"pS"sX"puQS"z
@ZpuO"r{O" \"p $ X"`pT"l^"p X"`pZpG"pQY"pu Y"e" Y"Qp \"Q{SO", O"e" O"Qp O"QS"sG"r{\"S": O"pZv:
_\"ZvZS"sX"puQS"z @s\"SO"r{O" pu@\Y"\"_P"p\Y"\"`pZ: $ {@zb"N"pY"p_O"u, d\"N"E"s@s pWY"pz
_"Z_\"OY"p: _"t: {T"V"SOY"p:, _"pQZX"p@Y"SOY"p:, {@zb"N"p: _"t: X"wO"`Zr@pv"`Zr: X"wO"_Y" T"rY"t^"_Y" Y"p `Y": @pup:, O"p_"pz Y"O@pv"z O"Z{SO", {O"Z_@pZz
@s\"{SO" \"p $ @pv"X"e"pX"wO"T"pY"Z_"p_\"pQS"uS" Z"@O\"z, O"ZN"_\"W"p\"p:, O"O"pu&TY"{O""{Y"O"X"R"sZp:, T"sS": @Y":, E"X"O@pZpC"pE"{O"{"Z_":, E"X"O@pZpu S"pX" d\"N"X"pe"uN"
d\"N"QY"ppQQpY"r _"QY"X"S""@puZE"Y"X"pN"pP" T"{O"T"pQ@pu@puf"Z\"N"S"p{S"T"sN"O"Z@puX"\"N"p\"r{\"{_"O"\"p{B\"p_"_"X"sOt " pS"SQ:, O"_Y" C"p T"{_"pX"wO"T"qZOY"pB"uS"
E" \"N"S"z, O"uS" G"{S"O"E"S"z {"Zpu Y"_Y"p: O"_Y"p: O"P"p B"pe"puQRo "tS"S"X"pS"SQpuQY"pup_"S"z
X"O" {X"{O" _"X"rE"rS"@p\Y"d\"N"_Y" d\"N"T"sJT> "uT"rY"X"pS"O"Y"p _"\"prN"ppQ\"^"N"pY"
T"pZVR"T"rY"t^"T"pS"OY"pG"S"uS" X"pv{X"SQpSQpuS"u ùO"sX"p` $ O"Qlz {@z @\"u_O"uS" @p\Y"uS" {@z
V"pN"uS" R"S"s^X"O":$ T"Z_Y" QY"u "z S" C"tN"Y"{O" Y"{EF>Z:$ O"p\"O"p _"Z_\"O"r_"t{d\"N"pS"SQT"tN"| S"pS"ppZpwO> "z O"\" @N"Y"sB"{X"{O" @N"puT "\"N"S"X"o $ T"Zz E" O"\"
S"pX"X"Se"d\"N"X"p`pOXY"X"uO"p"z Y""L>pS"pX"{T" \"p_Ut{O"QX"o $ @P"X"SY"P"p _"Z_"u Qu\"rS"p-
135
X"pqO"u @p\Y"u dp\Y"X"pN"u @N"puT "pSO"{_P"O"_Y" G"L>_Y"pW"ZN"_Y" T"{O"\"E"S"QpS"_"pX"PY"{X"{O" $ _"Z_\"OY"p {O" T"Z`_Y"pP": $ _"Z_\"OY"p {O" $ _"Z_\"OY"p: _" Z :
A": Uu ZuU: H"N"O@pZ Uzu @sNL>B"N": R\"G"p@pZ: `: ò_"oUzu W"B"\"{O" @s{VG"@u _Ùzu $ (òpv
òzv ò:zv ò_"oA"oUzu W"B"\"OY"XV"u `b"X"\"ZY"tz ò_"oA"oUzu C"puZX"s{A" F~p> z F>rz {@{N" {@{Np {\""u
òpv: ò_"oA"oUzu òpv: T"{"X"pX"npY"_"X"Y"{\"u"Zr @s{VG"@pQu\"r) $$ 60 $$
BuQ
E UP uu. \ u vUS
_x, Ax [P EUP Au Au \.
}v C EU Px SU Pmkz umi mi.
Pmh Eh E {ux. Ax E \zP. Eh umi
mha \ Ax. } umh E Ssh[P Th Pn Pn G Jzx
Au Bvzu. Cx a]|zua \u SPu v
h[Qx. ( : U Pv A
, U APQ a a Qo Qo a\ :
U : G.) (60)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
_"Z_\"OY"p {O" $ ù "\"p{N" X"wLp> {S", O"u O"\" @sNL>B"N": _"tbX"@sNL>_"X"t`pOX"@pu
W"t^"N"B"N": H"N"O@pZv: _\"@Y"X"{N"B"N"_"zC">S"G"{S"O""VQ{\""u^"v: T"{O"\"E"S"z T"OY"sf"ZX"pE">
\" Qf" \" $ {@z{\"R"pY"p: O"\", E"X"O@pZpC"pE"{O"{"Z_":, E"X"O@pZ_Y" dtY"X"pN"B"rO"u:
"VQp{QG"{S"O"X"pR"sY"p{O""Y"_Y" pC"p T"B"S"z O"uS" E"{O"z @z{T"O"z {"Zpu Y"_Y"p: _"p
O"_Y"p:, T"sS": d\"N"E"^"@pWY"pz d\"N" \" E"^"@u T"pS"T"pe"u O"pWY"pz _"Z_\"OY"p \"pBQu\"O"pY"p:
_"t: _"s\"E"S"pu:, {\"ZO"z {S"ZSO"Zz {T"V"SOY"p:, O"QP"| E"X"O@pZX"S"sW"\"SOY"p:,
{@z{\"R"p: _"t:, X"wO"`Zr@pv"`Zr: X"wO"_Y" `Y" X"Y":, O"p_"pz @pv"z
X"pR"sY"pOX"@z _"pX"PY"{\""u^"z `Z{SO" QmZr@s\"{SO" O"p_O"P"pup: {@z{\"R"v: H"N"O@pZv: O"pZv:
OY"s"R\"{S"{\"{"v:> $ @X"R"sZO\"pO"o, @sNL>B"N"H"N"O@wO"rS"p{X"\" X"pR"sY"u _"{O" O"Y"pu:
_"z\"pQpP"| _"pXY"X"_O"r{O" W"p\": $$ 60 $$
uzw
UPmhu. v Ez u mh AuU
Ssh[P Bvzu. (60)
136
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -60
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" @sNL>B"N"X"sOT"bu "X"pN": drW"\"pS"rz _O"pv{O" - _"Z_\"OY"p {O" $ ù "\"p{N"!
{\"ZO"z _"Z_\"OY"p Qu\Y"p: _"t: "puW"S"p \"pN"r: d\"N"E"s@s pWY"pz {T"V"SOY"p: _"pQZz
wN\"SOY"p: O"u O"\" @sNL>B"N": @N"W"t^"N"_"X"sQpY": T"{O"\"E"S"z T"OY"sf"ZX"pE"> \" @P"Y"O"r\" $
Y"{T" @sNL>Y"z \", O"Y"pu: B"N"O"p S" _"zW"\"{O", O"P"p{T" O"Q\"Y"\"pS"pz "VQpY"X"pS"pS"pz
V"`lO\"p{W"T"pY"uN" B"N""VQT"Y"puB":$ X"wO"`Y"p: @pv"z @s"O"pz `ZSO"r{O" O"P"p O"p:,
X"wO"\"O_"sA"G"{S"@p OY"P": $ _"Z_\"OY"p {O" ^">r _"zV"SR"u $ _"zV"SR"" T"Y"puO"wT"Y"puGY"W"p\":
_"t{_"Z_\"OY"pu:$ d\"N"u E"s@s u \" d\"N"E"s@s u O"pWY"pz, T"{X"O"z \Y"pC"p{Q{W":
_"pX"pSY"pT"Y"puB"u {O" _"X"p_": $ E"X"O@pZ p"Y"V"s{:, O"uS" Y"p pC"p _O"s{O"_O"Y"p
E"{O"X"r^"O@z{T"O"z {"Zpu Y"_Y"p_O"_Y"p {O" "\"pN"r{\""u^"N"X"o $ @sNL>z @N"W"t^"pY"pz T"p"u&{T"
\"Y"u&{T" E"u{O" X"u{QS"r@Z: $ @N""VQB"`pv dpue"z ds{O": r d\"N"z d\": OY"X"Z: $$60$$
uzu\vP
Ssh[P Csh. Av u[SQ z Ssh[P . Au
SshPn. UP Eu.
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù "\"p{N" ! S\"N"W"\""\"X"wL>u OY"p{QS"p&&S"s@o D>rT"oT"OY"Y"" $ ù p\"Q{Y"O"u !
X"wO"`Zr@pv"`Zr: X"wO"`ZrN"pz _"sR"pT"\"p`pN"pz, O"ZW"{\"b"puW"p `Zr\"r{E"@puX"Y": {O" {\""T"@p": $ @pv"z X"pR"sY"pOX"@z _"pX"PY"{\""u^"z `Z{SO" QmZr@s\"{SO" {O"
`Zr: _\"p{R"Y"uS" O"_Y"p: SY"tS"O"p_"zT"pQ{Y"e"r: _"Z_\"OY"p \"pBQu\"O"pY"p: _"t:
_"s\"E"S"{\"SY"p_" X"R"sZ_UO"{B"Z: :, d\"N"E"s@s pWY"pz @N"T"tZ@ZO"pWY"pz, @ZO"uS"
T"pS"rY"p{Q T"uY"z T"rY"O"u {O" @ZO"_"pR"XY"| d\"N"_Y" $ O"uS" _"Z_\"O"r_"tS"pX"X"wO"Z_"pOX"@O\"z R\"SY"O"u $ {T"V"SOY"p: p_\"pQY"SOY"p_O"QP"{\""u^"E"X"O@pZX"S"sW"\"SOY"p:,
O" \" ùO"pu: {\"ZO"z _"Qv\" E"X"O@pZpC"pE"{O"{"Z_": @sNL>B"N": $ E"X"O@pZpu S"pX"
dtY"X"pN"B"rO""VQp{QG"{S"O"pu X"pR"sY"p{O""Y":, O"_Y" pC"p T"pS"z O"uS" E"{O"{"Z_":
@{XT"O"X"tR"n: O"\" @sNL>B"N": _"tbX"@sNL>_"X"t`pOX"@pu W"t^"N"{\""u^": $ O"pZv: OY"s"R\"{S"{\"{"vH> "N"O@pZv: _\"@Y"X"{N"B"N"_">S"G"{S"O"_"zZJ>S"v: T"{O"\"E"S"X"pE"> \" T"OY"sf"Zz Qf"
\" $ T"P"X"T""\"E"S"_"X"S"SO"Z_"Qlf"ZT"QpS"_"X"z "puW"O"u {O" _"t{E"O"z W"\"{O" $ _"Z_\"O"r_"tu :
@X"R"sZO\"pO"o @sNL>B"N"H"N"O@pZpN"pX"{T" X"pR"sY"u _"{O", O"Y"pu:, _"z\"pQpP"_"pXY"X"_O"r{O"
W"p\": $$ 60 $$
137
isi
UP uu. (60)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
_"Z_\"OY"p {O" $ ù "\"p{Np ! _"Z_\"OY"p: _"t: B"T"T"p: d\"N"E"^"@pWY"pX"{\"ZO"z {T"V"SOY"p_O"u O"\" @sNL>B"N":, O"pZvJv:> ZN"O@pZv: "VQ{\""u^"v: T"{O"\"E"S"z
T"OY"sf"ZX"pE"> \" \"QO"r\" $ _"t: @"r:, X"wO"`Zr@pv"`Zr: X"wO"`ZrN"pz
_"sR"pO"ZzBppN"pz @pv"z X"pR"sY"| `ZSO"r: SY"tS"z @s\"SO"r: OY"P": $ O"\" @Y"p:, E"X"O@pZuN"
Y"p pC"p _"pR"s\"pQpuO_"s@O"p P"\"p E"X"O@pZ_Y" Y"p pC"p _"pR"t{:, O"Y"p E"{O"z @z{T"O"z
{"Zpu Y"_Y"p OY"P":$ {\"^N"sT"b"u - "\"_Y" {"\"_Y" S": T"pN"S"z G"r\"S"X"p@p"T"z {\"O"u
Y"e" O"O"o "\"p{N", d\"N"z @N":, O"mT"pWY"pz E"^"@pWY"pz T"pS"T"pe"pWY"pz O"u O"\" _"t:
{T"V"SOY"p: _"Z_\"OY"p: @sNL>B"N"pu ZN"O@pZv: T"{O"\"E"S"X"pE"> \"uOY"P": $$ 60 $$
Pu
UP Eu. qzv ] E BP\
i! E C a\U PmQ v Ssh n n G
Jzx E mh BvUQx. (60)
pS"SQ`Zr
_"Z_\"OY"p {O" - ù "\"p{N" W"\"p{S", _"Z_\"OY"p: _"t: "puW"S"p : _O"s{O"T"p:
d\"N"pv @N"p{\"\" E"^"@u T"pS"T"pe"u O"pWY"pz {\"Zz {S"ZSO"Zz {T"V"SOY"p: p_\"pQY"SOY"p_O"u
O"\" @sNL>B"N": @N"W"t^"N"_"tbX"@sNL>{\""u^"_"X"t`: O"pZv"O"Zv: H"N"O@pZv: "VQ{\""u^"v:
T"{O"\"E"S"z T"OY"sf"Zz pE"u> @P"Y"O"r\"uOY"sOT"bu "p $ _"t: @"r:, X"wO"_Y" `ZrN"pz
O"ZzB"pN"pz @pv"`Zr: X"pR"sY"T"{"T"pT"`pqZN"r: O"u O\"Y"p _"Z_\"OY"p: _"pR"s\"pQu @N"W"t^"N"v:
T"P"X"O" \" _"pR"s\"pQ: @wO" {O" W"p\": $ E"^"@pWY"p{X"OY"e" E"s@s pWY"p{X"{O" T"pKu>
B"NLt^> "pWY"p{X"OY"P":$ E"^"@pu&r T"pS"T"pe"{X"OY"X"Z: $$ 60 $$
Bu
\P G QsnP E Px SQx. . (60)
*
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -61
138
_"pv S"p_"p\"zp_O"s{`S"{B"qZ\"z"R\"G"T"{J>
O\"QrY"pu S"uQrY": UO"s UX"_X"p@X"s{E"O"X"o $
\"ÒY"1SO"X"sp: {"{"Z@2Z{S":"p_"B"{O"z
_"X"wp Y"f"p_"pz3 V"{`Z{T" E" X"spX"{N"R"Z: $$ 61 $$
A |\x|Q\ zi
zw |w: x AP]u >
z 1 uUu: ]]P 2 {a Pu
z z 3 u \ Uuou: >> 61
1. \"`"SO"Zo
|u,
2. O"Z{S":"p_"{\"{QO"p: - C"{J>O"p: - @{O"p: - G"{S"O"p:
u{:vu: & Piu: & Pu: & {u:; 3.
Y"_O"p_"pz u.
u & x|Q \zzi C \zv

xoUPi! zw: Ex, A |\: Cu [Q Szx
US, AP E]u GUP |w: x & P AQ Qmku
z umk. ( PU Pa \mk.) z Gu Ax ]]P{:
aPu:& PU Su a_U P E (Pu: E, Piu:&
Ti, {u:& Esh, Uu: & zxUP, Au: v = E {a
_UQx. u. zz & A {, : A\Uuou:&
zxoPz u[SQx.
|\P |ush u, uPv vP |n
, u u |[P { .
bX"rR"Zp
_"pv T"qZY"X"pS":, S"p_"p\"z": S"p_"p S"p{_"@p \"z": \"z"QNL>: T"@X"uO"O"o $
O"s{`S"{B"qZ\"z"R\"G"T"{J> ! O"s{`S"{B"Zu: {`X"pE"_Y" \"z"_Y" S\"Y"_Y" T"O"p@u ! O\"QrY":
W"\"QrY":, S"uQrY": _"{"@w>O"Zz, UO"s {S"^T"pQY"O"s $ Uz >pP"|, _X"p@z X"O_"X\"{SR"S"pz
X"X" E"uOY"P": $ {E"O"z {@Y"p{\""u^"N"X"uO"O"o Y"P"u{T_"O"z, \"`{O" R"pZY"{O" $ SO": WY"SO"Zu,
X"sp: X"spX"N"rS"o {"{"Z@Z{S""p_"@B"{O"z {"{"Z@Z: E"S: O"_Y" {S""p_"pu
\"pX"S"pL>rX"pB"\"pY"s: O"uS" B"{O"z _"wO"z, _"X"wp p{R"Y"uS", Y"O"o Y"_X"pO@pZN"pO"o, O"p_"pz
X"spS"pz, V"{`Z{T" E" V"pT"Qu "u&{T" S"p{_"@pB"\"pX"W"pB"u&T"rOY"P": $ S"p{_"@p@pqZO"pu
S"p_"pX"sp: - UQ zxUP
139
\"z"QNL>: X"spX"{N"R"Z: X"spX"{N"z R"wO"\"pS"o $ X"spX"{N"X"R"pO"o {O" _"XY"T"pK>: $ e"uOP"z

T"QY"puG"S"p- ù O"s{`S"{B"qZ\"z"R\"G"T"{J> ! O\"QrY"pu&_"pv S"p_"p\"z": _X"p@z {E"O"z S"uQrY":
Uz UO"s $ _": SO": X"sp: \"`{O" $ Y"_X"pO@pZN"pO"o O"p_"pz _"X"wp {"{"Z@Z{S""p_"B"{O"z V"{`Z{T" E" X"spX"{N"R"Z: $ e" S"p{_"@pY"p: \"z"O\"pZpuT"N"pO"o T"@X"o $
\"z"O\"_"pR"@T"{O"T"pQ@z f"ZpR"X"o $ \"z"B"W"u X"pv{@p{S" \"SO"r{O" pu@"pX"Y"pQp $
O"pu S"p_"p\"z"QNLu&{T" WY"SO"Zu X"pv{@pSY"sQWo "tO"p{S" \"O"SO"u $ S"pu E"u"p_"pQNL>_Y" V"{`:
X"spX"{N"R"ZO\"z @P"z _"J>O" OY"P"pT"fY"p \"z"QNL>p@pZpu S"p{_"@pY"p: _"X"{P"O" _"{O"
T"@X"u\" _"XY"@o $$ 61 $$
u
C \U Pi! Ex [Q Szx
US GUS E |U Pa \mk. Ax u zxUP {a
_UQx. ([Q zxUP Ezvu G.) A {x
E Ch uuu Chx USzzv \v |i
Q a_UP zxUPU PnQx. Chx UQ
Ai u[SQ zuo A J. E { u
zxUSx | zu UQ zuox.
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
_"p{\"{O" - ù {`X"{B"qZ\"z"R\"G"T"{J> ! {`X"\"z""VQ: {>:, {`X"\"z"QNLu> R\"G"T"J>r,
R\"G"T"O"p@uOY"P": $ _"pv S"p_"p\"z"_O\"QrY": _X"p@z S"uQrY": Uz {S"@J>B"O"z Uz {E"O"z
UO"s $ O"\" E"ZN"W"{W"p\"_""z QpO"sX"s
s z W"\"O"s $ \"`"SO"X"s
p: _"s{^"ZpSO"X"pv{ @p{S"
QR"pS": {"{"ZO"Z{S""p_"C"{J>O"p: "rO"O"Z{S""p_"T"uq ZO"p: _"X"wp Y"_O"p_"pz V"`lO\"uS"
V"{`Z{T" E" X"spX"{N"R"Z:, SO": _"X"wpS"pz X"spS"pz X"RY"O" {O_"X"u@z V"{`{S"B"O"z
{S""p_"p\"S"p_"pB"p\"{XV" {O">O"r{O" W"p\":$ P" _\"W"p\"{_"S"p_"pW"ZN"X"spUX"T"òS"sOY" SY"P"p{_"O\"@T"S"pO"o T"òS"s{O": $ @pY"uN " V"{`:{_P"O"X"spUuS"
@pZN"W"tO"pS"pz X"spUpS"pz SO": _"X"w{ZS"sX"rY"O" SY"sT"X"ppZ: $$ 61 $$
Uzu
u [Q \. (\:&
\, [Q) Au [Q zv x Pizxo APPz
u. E US [Q vh AS
Pshx. [Q x Au zxUP u. E UQ
E zxPP {u. Av Ju zuoP Ex.
140
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -61
Sa] UP E a_UP zu UPnux. Azx UQ

~ _ Pzu uhmk {Qx. Ax E vi Uv
|z u mk. (61)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
S"p_"pz \"N"Y"{O" - _"p{\"{O" $ ù O"s{`S"{B"qZ\"z"R\"G"T"{J> ! O"s{`S"{B"qZ\"z"_Y"
{`X"\"QS\"Y"_Y" R\"G"T"J>r, @{O"T"AY"pT"S"X"\"vG"Y"SO"r, E"rS"pz"s@T"q>@u ! _"pv,
{\"X"pS"_"pvSQY"puT "{X"O": {O"T"{_": O"\" S"p_"p\"z": @puX"\"z"T"uN" hG"sZX"N"rY"O"Y"p
pJ>p
u {z V"O"T"O\"pO"o. \"z"_"pR"XY"X"o $ _X"p@z S"uQrY": {SO"@\"{O". {E"O"z O\"u:
X"X" E" W"_Y" _"X"s{E"O"z Uz R"X"pP"@pX"X"pub"E"O"s{\"R"T"s^"pP"pW"T"z T"Y"puG"S"z, UO"s
_"zT"pQY"O"s$ \"z"@pNL>_Y" U\"f\"{S"Y"X"pO"o @{\"_"X"Y"u T"{_"{Z_OY"u\" $
\"z"@pNL>pSX"spuOT"{f": O"p"Qu"@p{\""u^"_"z{_"{_"zW"\" {O" O"z T"X"pN"r@s\"O"o @{\"Z{T"
\"z"_O"zV"pSX"spT"_"t{O"X"pE"u$> O"\" S"p_"p\"z"u X"spT"_"t{O"Z_O"r{O" T"OY"b"X"u\"pe" T"X"pN"X"o $
{"{"ZO"Z{S""p_"G"{S"O"p: {"{"ZO"ZuN" "rO"uS" {S""p_"uS" "{_"O"T"\"S"uS" G"{S"O"p:
_"zT"p{QO"p: O"m{T"N"rZWY"SO"ZX"sp: \"`S"o Y"z S"p_"p\"z": O"p_"pX"WY"SO"Zu \"O"X"pS"pS"pz
{S""p_"{T"N"rS"pz Qu\"O"pS"sW"p\"_"zT""X"spW"p\"pS"pz _"X"wY"p Y"pu S"p_"p\"z": V"{`Z{T"
V"{`Qu pu&{T" S"p_"pB"X"pv{@\Y"pG"uS" X"spX"{N"R"Zpu X"spX"{N"z T"_"tO"X"u R"pZY"{"\" \"O"O"u $
_" S"p_"p\"z"pu&_X"p@z UX"s{E"O"z QQp{O\"{O" T"t\"uN " _"zV"SR": $$ 61 $$
Anv
C \zv P Q [P mkUPi! E
UQ AQS Cn C. [Q |P & u A. Cx
Eh Psh UvUS Uu GUS H A, , C,
Uv G |S QmkQ Pmk. [Qx zx
ux E UQ A |z umk. E UQ E
zxUP E nQ uuP A z u.
(61)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
_"pv S"p_"p\"z" {O" $ ù O"s{`S"{B"qZ\"z"R\"G"T"{J>, O\"QrY"pu&_"pv S"p_"p\"z":
_X"p@X"s{E"O"z Uz UO"s $ O"s{`S"{B"qZ: {`X"{B"qZ:, O"_Y" \"z":, O"e" R\"G"T"J>r $ \"z""VQu
u^": \"z": @sz \"z"pu \"uN"sQNL>:, T"pY"uN" R\"G"T"J>r \"uN"sQNL>R\"G"u V"RY"O"u $ P" E"
O"s{`S"{B"qZ@spZN"@{O"T"O"p@pu\"T"{J> ! O\"Y"p T"seY"p O"s{`S"{B"Zu: @sz _"O@{O"X"O"o,
141
O\"Y"p T"@p{"O"{X"{O" W"p\": $ O"\" S"p_"p\"z"_O"s ZX"N"rY"O"Y"p W"p_"X"pS"pu S"p_"pQNL>p&u _X"p@z

{E"O"z _"pZ_\"O"_"p\"W"pvX"T"Q\"rT"z Uz S"uQrY": {S"@Jz> UO"s $ O"P"p E" Y"P"p
T"ZX"u"Z{S""p_"puQp {S"B"O"p_O"P"p O"\" S"p_"p\"z"{S""p_"X"pe"uN"p_X"p@z \"p{B\"p_":
_"X"w"wXW"O"p{X"{O" $ P"\"p \"z": @pNL>:, _" E"pB"u Uz QQpOY"u\", _"\"e" \"wb"pQpv Q"S"pO"o $
P"\"p O"\"pu{E"O"z _\"pOX"_""z {\"{\"R"W"puB"T"Qz _"\"T"s^"pP"_\"T"z _"pY"sGY"X"o $ P"\"p
{@zb"N"pu S"p_"p\"z":, SO"X"s
p\"O"o, SO"X"RY"u X"sp X"pv{@p{S" QR"pS":, {@zb"N"p
X"sp: {"{"ZO"Z{S""p_"C"{J>O"p: T"ZX""rO"{S""p_"T"ZzT"ZpT"p: $ O"P"p E" SO"X"s
p:
SO":_P"p{T"O"p Y"p... X"sp \" \"`S"o, {"{"ZO"Zp: "rO"p \"p X"sp {T" O"P"v\"u{O"
_"pY"z "VQV"uS"p` - Y": O"p_"pz X"spS"pX"SO":-_"X"wp p{R"Y"uS" V"{`Z{T"
X"{N"T"X"spR"Zpu W"\"{O" $ Y"_Y"pSO"W"tY "_"r _"X"w{Z{_O", _" V"{`Z{T" O"u"z QR"p{O" $
"p_"p\"S"p_"p"z X"spUz \"rbY"uOT"bu "O"u $ SO"\"O"X"pS"X"spT"@ZpO"o {S":"p_"X"pB"uN p
V"{`ZpB"O"X"u\"uQz X"pv{@z S"p_"p\"z"pu R"f"u $ O"uS"pS"sX"rY"O"u SO"V"`{m S" _"SO"r{O" $
S"sX"pS"ppZ:$ _\"W"p\"{_"z S"p_"ppZW"tO"z X"pv{@X"T"mY" _"v@Qu"O\"T"{O"T"pQS"Y"p
T"l{O"Z{T" $ _"pv S"p_"p\"z" {O" T"Z`_Y"pP":- f"ZpX"npY"@prX"p` - _"pv _" \"z": A"
O"s{` `S" Uu {B"qZ ZuU: T"J> R\"G"T"Ju> T"pK> {S"N"Y": $ S"pu E"uO"o O"QrY" @pZ_O"Qp V"pu\Y": $
_X"p@z X"`p {E"O" E" SO"Ò" NL>Y" Y"pu X"sp Y"v B"u "p_" X"{N"R"Z {\"u{O" S"\"pb"Zr $ _"oÀo "oUzu
ò_"oA"oUzu X"`pE"NL>Y"puB"u"qZ $ f"ZpX"npY": $ (ò_"oA"oUzu X"`pE"NL>Y"puB"r"qZ @p{@u UJo> $
f"ZpX"npY"_"X"Y"{\"u"Zr @p{@p) $$ 61 $$
BuQ
Pi [Q P Pmhk. } \Q [Q
Pmi Pi. } stPz uu C S J x. E
US [Q AQx. Ax v A U
uP AUPmk. D\ a_UP u G. E
a_UP G x mk GUS US u |P Qmhmk.
[P Azv |kSv (Psh) C, , P, P Gz
ux E UPQ [Q |kSv GUS |Pz umk.
Sa] UP E a_U P CUP zxUP Sa]
UP. zxUP E { AvP Ch Q.
E { x uhQx. a_UP
UQh uhmh zx zuox. AuU Pshx E {
zxUPu FQUP iQx. Cu _P Ezu|uu
PP P EnzxQx. (U, U2 2 ,
142
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -61
\shPa Gx Ezu |. U2 2 \shRa

PP 2 m G PPu. (61)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
_"p{\"{O" $ ù O"s{`S"{B"qZ\"z"R\"G"T"{J>, O"s{`S"_Y" {`X"_Y" {B"qZ:, O"_Y" \"z": @sz
O"e" R\"G"T"J>r R\"G"T"O"p@p O"O_"zV"s{:, O\"QrY"pu&_"pv S"p_"p\"z": _X"p@X"s{E"O"zz O\"uX"X"
W"_Y" E" _"X"s{E"O"z Uz R"X"pP"@pX"X"pub"T"T"Y"puG"S"z UO"s _"zT"pQY"O"s $ @"pu
S"p_"p\"z":, S"uQrY" >O"Z: f"Z {O" Y"p\"O"o $ _"pv @: Y"pu X"sp X"spUpSY"SO": \"`{O"
R"pZY"{O" $ @P"z c"pY"O"u X"sp \"Ò"r{O", O"e" c"pT"@X"p` - {@z{\"R"p X"sp:
{"{"ZO"Z{S":"p_"{\"{QO"p: {O""Y"uS" {"{"Z: "rO"pu Y"pu {S":"p_": O"uS" {\"{QO"p
c"pO"p: $ X"pv{@_"zT"@p{EF>{"ZO"Zpu {S":"p_"pu W"\"{O" $ T"sS"Y"_X"pO@pZN"pf"p_"pz X"spS"pz
_"X"wp V"{`Z{T" E" X"spX"{N"R"Z:, X"spX"{N"z R"ZO"r{O" O"P"p $ e" S"p{_"@pY"pz
\"z"O\"pZpuT"pmT"@X"o$
\"z"O\"_"pR"@T"{O"T"pQ@X"o$
S"p{_"@p\"z"QNLu&> {T"
WY"SO"Zu
X"pv{@pSY"lO"p{S" \"O"SO"u $ S"pu E"u"p_"p\"z"QNL>_Y" X"spX"{N"R"ZO\"z @P"z _"zT"O"u
OY"P"p` $ \"z"QNL>p@pZpu S"p{_"@pY"p: _"X"{T"O" {O" T"@X"u\" _"XY"@o $$ 61 $$
uzw
EP UP. (61)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
S"p{_"@pz \"N"Y"z_O"O": Uz T"pP"Y"O"u $ _"p{\"{O" $ O"s{`S"p{S" {`X"p{S" O"OT"E"sZpu {B"qZ:,
O"_Y" \"z": _"SO"{O":, O"{_X"S"o R\"G"T"J>r, T"O"p@u\" "puW"X"pS"p W"\"pS"r O"O_"zV"puR"S"z O"P"p $
_"pv S"p_"p\"z": Uz UO"s G"S"Y"{O\"OY"S\"Y": $ S"p_"p \"z" \"u{O" S"p_"p\"z": "O\"_"pXY"pO"o$
S"uQrY"pu {S"@J>\"{O" $ pOX"pS"z _"V"`lX"pS"X"p` _X"p@z T"qZ\"pG"@pS"pz {E"O"z Y"puBY"z Uz
c"pS"{S"V"SR"S"_"z_"pZ{S"\"w{f"pW"{X"OY"P": $ O"EF>VQ\"Q:"VQpu&{T" Y"EF>VQX"T"ub"O" {O"
Q:"VQ\"pEY"z S"p_"p\"z"X"sOT"bu "X"pN"pu {\"{"S"{> - Y"pu&SO"X"RY"u X"sp: {"{"ZO"Zv: {S""p_"v:
C"{J>O"p {S"{X"O"p \"`S"o {V"W"O"o $ O"p_"pz X"spS"pz _"X"wp p{R"Y"uS", V"{`Z{T" X"spX"{N"R"Z
OY"sOT"ub"p$ Uz G"pO"rUu T"s^T"ùO"sO\"u \"w{>W"pBY"Y"puqZ{O" X"u{QS"r@Z: $$ 61 $$
uzu \vP
xu G (\[P) US E & A
AP U Pmh }USu | AUPmk.
P E.
143
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
O"s{`S"{B"qZ\"z"_Y" {`X"\"QS\"Y"_Y" R\"G"T"{J> @{O"T"AY"pT"S"X"\"vG"Y"SO"rE"rS"pz"s@T"J>r@u $ _"p\"{\"X"pS"_"pvSQY"puT "{X"{O"Z{O"T"{_": $ O"\" S"p_"p\"z": $ @puX"\"z"T"uN"
hG"sZX"N"rY"O"Y"p pJ>{XV"O\"pO"o \"z"_"pR"XY"X"o $ _X"p@z S"uQrY": {SO"@z, {E"O"z
O\"u: X"X" E" W"_Y" _"X"s{E"O"z, Uz R"X"pP"@pX"X"pub"E"O"s{\"R"T"s^"pP"pW"T"z T"Y"puG"S"z
UO"s _"zT"pQY"O"s $ \"z"@pNL>_Y" U\"f\"{S"Y"X"pO"o @{\"_"X"Y"u T"{_"{Z{_O",
\"z"@pNL>pSX"spuOT"{f":, O"p"Qu"@p{\""u^"_"{"{R"_"zW"\" {O", O"z T"X"pN"r@s\"S"o @{\"Z{T"
\"z"_O"XV"pSX"spT"_"t{O"z pE"u> $ O"\" S"p_"p\"z"u X"spT"_"t{O"Z_O"r{O" T"OY"b"X"u\" T"X"pN"X"o $
{"{"ZO"Z{S":"p_"G"{S"O"p: {"{"ZO"ZuN" "rO"uS" {S":"p_"uS" "{_"O"T"\"S"uS" G"{S"O"p:
_"zT"p{QO"p: O"QWY"SO"Zu X"sp \"`S"o Y"z S"p_"p\"z": O"p_"pz WY"SO"Zu \"O"X"pS"pS"pz
{S":"p_"{T"N"rS"pz Qu\"O"pS"sW"p\"_"zT""X"spW"p\"pS"pz _"X"wp Y"pu S"p_"p\"z"pu V"{`Z{T"
V"{`:T"Qu "u&{T" S"p_"pB"X"pv{@\Y"pG"uS" X"spX"{N"R"Z: X"spX"{N"z T"_"tO"X"u R"pZY"{"\"
\"O"O"u $ _" S"p_"p\"z"pu&_X"p@z UX"s{E"O"z QR"p{O\"{O" T"t\"e" _"zV"SR": $$ 61 $$
isi
C [Q u AQ US, |x Ax u[Sx
u [Q Szxh Kh Qx. ( EP
Psu.)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
_"p{\"{O" $ ù O"s{`S"{B"qZ\"z"R\"G"T"{J>, O"s{`S"{B"qZ: {`X"pY":, O"_Y"
\"z"pu"Y"S"T": _" \" \"z":, O"mT"pu Y"pu R\"G": O"_Y" T"{J> T"O"p@u, O\"QrY"pu&_"pv
S"p_"p\"z"pu&_X"p@z S"uQrY"pu {S"@J>\"{O" _"X"s{E"O"z O\"{Y"puBY"z Uz UO"s $ Qu"{\""u^"u
\"z"pSX"spuOT"{f"qZ{O" @{\"_"zT"QpY"X"S"s_X"Z"p` - SO": WY"SO"Zu {"{"ZO"ZuN" "rO"uS"
{S":"p_"uS" C"{J>O"p{S" {S"{X"O"p{S", {\"{QO"p {O" T"pKu> c"pO"p:, X"sp:, \"`"p_"p\"z": O"p_"pz
X"spS"pz _"X"wp _"zT"fY"p V"{`Z{T" V"{`:T"Qu "u&{T" S"p_"pB"X"pv{@\Y"pG"uS" X"spX"{N"R"Zpu
X"spX"{N"R"pZ@: $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - S"p_"p\"z": @":, O"s{`S"{B"qZ\"z"R\"G"T"J>pu B"pvZrT"pu&_Y"p_O"r{O" O"s{`S"{B"qZ\"z"R\"G"T"J>r X"`pQu\":, O"_Y" W"p\": O"s{`S"{B"qZ\"z"R\"G"T"{J>O\"z
O"QpO"r{O" O"s{`S"{B"qZ\"z"R\"G"T"{J>O\"Q: {"\"_"pY"sGY"Qpu {\"^N"s: O"QrY": O"O_"zV"SR"r $ "u^"z
_"X"pX"o $ S"p_"pB"u B"G"X"pv{@z @ZO"u \"uN"sz @Zu @N"X"o OY"p{Q B"puT"pRY"pS"pO"o
S"p_"B"X"pv{@\"N"S"X"sT"T""X"o $$ 61 $$
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -62
144
Pu
UP P Eu. q & \U
Pi Pu . Au ] zu
AQ q Qn i UQ ~ zuosh. UQ
zx, E[P S, oUPmi P[Pn (P) Aou G
Az v. (61)
pS"SQ`Zr
_"p{\"{O" $ ù O"s{`S"{B"Zu{`X"pY"_Y" Y"pu \"z": @sz \" R\"G": T"O"p@pQNL>: O"_Y" T"J>r
W"t^"N"rW"tO"T"O"p@pT"u, _"pv O\"QrY"pu S"p_"pT"pu \"z": _X"p@X"s{E"O"{X"z> S"uQrY": p_""z
Uz T"s^"pP"|, \"z"T"b"u V"rG"z E" UO"s G"S"Y"O"s $ \"z"_"pR"XY"X"p` - SO"X"RY"u X"sp
\"`SR"pZY"S"o $ O"e" T"X"pN"X"p` - {"{"ZO"ZvZ{O""rO"v: {S":"p_"v{\"{QO"p S"s{X"O"p: $
{S":"p_"pS"pz "vOY"{\""u^"pu X"sp_"zY"puB"pS"sX"pT"@ {O" W"p\": $ {\"{QO"p OY"e" C"{J>O"p {O"
T"pKu> _"zC"{J>O"p: _"zW"p{\"O"p OY"P": $ Y"_X"pf"p_"pz X"spS"pz _"X"wp V"p`lY"uS" V"{`Z{T"
W"t^"N"\"pS"o X"spX"{N"R"Z:, \"z"_Y" X"spuOT"{f"_P"pS"O\"p{QQX"sX"o $ {E"OT"s_O"@u
{S":"p_"B"{O"{X"{O" E" T"pK>{_O">{O" $ O"e" \"Ò"rOY"S"uS"pS\"Y": $$ 61 $$
Bu
UP Eu. (61)
*
T"@wOY"p ZpY"p_O"\" _"sQ{O" QSO"EF>QE"u:

1
T"\"bY"u _"pY"z2 G"S"Y"O"s Uz {\"lX"O"p $
S" {V"XV"z 3O"{XV"T"{O"T"{O"US"ZpB"pQ{N"O"z
O"spX"RY"pZpuMsz> @P"{X"\" 4{\""uO" @Y"p $$ 62 $$
Uz Uuu uv uua\u\:
1
za 2 x zu >
| 3 uz v|Pz Aou
x Azk Pu 4 u P >> 62
1.T"Zpub"u . \"Zp@ R 2.@Y"O"s @P"z PxPu. 3. [BV"XV" zU
4. S"
"uO" |u.
QSO"EF>Q{E": -
Eumh
145
u & uv & AQ P! Uz & CP

Uu: ]u uua \u\:& P kQ Eumi (GQ) ASUS
za & \P Cu & \. zu |x
& UPi PUPmk. | & P Dh.
uzv|Pz & Ax Eumi v \
Aou ]ux. x P A Bk u] Hu J A\zu
HuP u & mPk. (62)
|z U Pu|a \u G u | { .
bX"rR"Zp
T"@w OY"p _\"W"p\"uS", pZpY"p: pO"pX"pY"p:, O"\" _"sQ{O" "puW"S"p: QSO"p: Y"_Y"p:
O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{: $ QSO"EF>QE"u: QSO"EF>QY"puZpuY> "pu: E"u: _"pvW"pBY"_Y", T"\"bY"u T"@^"uN "
@P"Y"u$ _"pY"z _""_Y" W"p\": _"pY"z, G"S"Y"O"s OT"pQY"O"s $ p"z_"pY"pz puJ>o $ {\"lX"_Y"
Uz Y"{Q _Y"pO"o O"Qp _""\"_O"s_"p\": S" O"s {\"lX"X"pe"z _""{X"{O" $ Uz T"Uz,
T"rO"\"N"pWY"pu O"pWY": OT""z Uz {O"Zz, ZO"puOT""_Y" Z{X"p {@X"s \"\Y" {O"
O"Qu\" _""{X"{O" O"pOT"Y"X"o $ {\"lX"O"p T"\"p{O"@p $ S" {V"XV"z {V"XV"Uz O"{XV"T"{O"US"ZpB"pO"o O"Y"pu: QSO"EF>QY"pu: {V"XV"_Y" T"{O"US"z T"{O"{V"XV"S"z O"uS" ZpB": Z{X"p
O"_X"pO"o $ {V"XV"U{X"{O" \Y"\"`pZ: R"Z{V"XV"T"{O"{V"XV"T"_"pQp_"p{QO":, SY"P"p O"_Y"
{V"XV"\Y"\"`pZpu S" _Y"pO"o, Y"P"p _U{J>@pQpv G"T"p@s_"sX"pQu: T"{O"{V"XV"\""pQu\" _U{J>@pQrS"pz
ZO"p \"z {V"XV"U_Y"pT"r{O"$ O"{XV"T"{O"US"ZpB"pO"o, {N"O"z O"spX"RY"pZpuM>zs O"spY"pz
_"pXY"@P"pY"pz _P"pO"sz @P"{X"\" $ \"u{O" \"pY"ppZu $ {\""uO" \"rLuO> ", @Y"p u"uS" $
e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p- ù _"sQ{O" ! O"\" T"@w OY"p pZpY"p: QSO"EF>QE"u: _"pY"z T"\"bY"u $
{\"lX"O"p Uz G"S"Y"O"s $ {V"XV"z T"sS": O"{XV"T"{O"US"ZpB"pQ{N"O"z @Y"p{T" O"spX"RY"pZpuM>zs @P"{X"\" S" {\""uO" $ "R"pO"sZpOX"S"uT"Qr $ e"p{O""Y"pu{ZpZ:,
Y"P"pu
pv @T"S"pO"o $ {O"rY"pR"u _"XV"SR"u _"XV"SR"{S"V"SR"S"p{O""Y"pu{: {V"XV"T"{O"US"p_"XV"SR"u&{T" _"XV"SR"@P"S"uS"pW"uQ@P"S"pO"o $ W"Y"pu__"z_"w{>: $$ 62 $$
u
uv & Q! EP kQ EukP CPa ]u.
A Jkuu UPi Pzx zu Ezv
\mk! UPi ]P, Ax Pzx zu h[S
]vUS. Au CuRk. P ]uu. G
Eumi \ v GUT. DhPx. Pzu
Eumkh Cnzx zu u D {U Psk Ax mPk.
146
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -62
Eumi vx G P Tu GU PUS
{zuu. (PUS G Qu .) (62)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
T"@w OY"u{O" $ ù _"sQ{O" $ T"@w OY"p ZpY"p: _\"W"p\"pN"pY"p: O"\" QSO"EF>QE"u: R"Z@pSO"u:
_"pY"z T"\"bY"u$ {\"lX"O"p O"{` Uz G"S"Y"O"s OT"pQY"O"s $ {V"XV"z ? {V"XV"_"pY"X"sEY"O"p{X"{O"
E"u", {V"XV"z {BV"zV"T"{O"US"pW"pQ{N"O"X"o $ {BV"zV": _"tY"{V"XV":, O"_Y" T"{O"US"z,
O"_Y" pW"pQ{N"O"X"o $ O"\" S"Y"S"rW"tO"{V"zV"_"tY"@p{SO"T"{O"{V"XV"_"zG"pO"T"p@uS"p{N"O"{X"OY"P": $
@Y"p{T" O"spz _"X"O"pX"RY"pZpuMz>s @P"{X"\" S" "uO" $ O\"{XV" T"{O"US"W"p{QqO" T"pK>pSO"ZX"o $
O"\" @p{SO"T"_"pZT"{O"{V"XV"\""p{QOY"P": $ W"B"\"OY"p: @pSO"u: G"B"OT"_"pqZO\"pO"o {V"XV"EF>Q&u {T"
T"{O"{V"XV": @pSO"uqZOY"P": $ e" {\"lX"O"p E"uO"o Uz G"S"Y"{O\"{O" S\"Y"X"sA"uS" @pe"Y"u&{T"
{\"lX"O"p Uz S" G"S"Y"{O" $ S"p{T" QSO"EF>Q_Y"p`z _"pY"z \"bY" {O" \Y"{O"Zu@: $ {V"XV"z E"
O"spX"RY"pZpuMs>z @P"{X"\" S" "uO" $ {T" O"s "uO"v\"u{O" \Y"{O"Zu@X"sA"uS"pS"S\"Y"u {\"dp{SO": $
O"_X"pO"o QSO"EF>Q_Y"puT"X"p S"p{_O" $ O"\" QSO"EF>Q_Y" O"\" QSO"EF>Q \" _"":$ Y"P"pBpBpS"z BpBpS"p@pZz _"pBpZ: _"pBpZpuT"X": $ ZpX"Zp\"NpY"puY"
s z ZpX"Zp\"NpY"pu{Z\" {O" $ O"_X"pQlT"X"pS"pSO"Z_"zV"SR"pW"p\"pO"o S"S\"Y"ppZpu R\"{S"O": $$ 62 $$
Uzu
UPi Pzx zu Azxh Jh. (vU
Gh) EQ Pst . Cg` v
u P ]ux. Ax E EumiS CnP
xUP A mPk. (zz Gh.) xUP Gv
Ax E Eumi v Au x mka ]uu
P mQ APk. E EumiS E Euh Dk. S
PhUSU Ph nPh {Pu US A
Dhx. (62)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
QSO"EF>Qz _O"pv{O" - T"@w OY"u{O", T"@w OY"p _\"W"p\"O":, ZpY"p N"pY"p: S" O\"pZpu{T"O"Z{X"\"OY"p: $ T"@w OY"p{QWY" T"_"zAY"pS"{X"{O" $ O"_Y"p: O"\" W"\"OY"p QSO"EF>QE"u:$ @P"z
E"uO"o,... {\"lX"O"p ZT"p T"\"p\"r Uz _\"pS"sT"z ZX"u\" Uz G"S"Y"O"s OT"pQY"O"s$
p"z_"pY"pz puJ>o $ T"\"pO"pY"pz _\"_""UpuOT"{f"W"\"u"uO"o, O"Qp Z\"N"W"\"QR"Zpu_> Y"
_"pXY"z \"QpX"rOY"{O""Y"pu{{\""u^"pu&pZ: $ S" E" \"pEY"z, \"z {V"XV"U_Y" T"X"pS"r-
QSO"EF>Q{E": -
Eumh
147
@ZN"p`_Y" {\"X"pS"O\"p{QOY"e"p`-O"\" W"\"OY"p {V"XV"_Y" Z\"N"_Y" "ZrZ{V"XV"_Y"

Y"OT"{O"US"z _"z@ X"N"z, O"_X"ppu ZpB": Z{X"p, O"uS"p{N"O"z Z@wO"z "puN"\"N"r@w O"{X"OY"P":$
Y"p{S" _"pvXY"p{S" "puN"p{S" wpZZ_"W"p{" E" $ O"pSY"p`l: "{T"pO"uS" _"zT""pS"r{O"
{S""Y":$$ {O" \"E"S"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ {BV"XV"u {O" T"pKu> {BV"XV"_Y" S"ue"rW"tO"_"tY"{V"XV"_Y"
T"{O"US"uS" T"E">S"uS" Y"pu ZpB":, O"_X"pQ{N"O"pz"pW"p\"_P"pY"pz Z{X"pW"p\"p{Q{O" W"p\": $
O"{XV"u {O" T"pKu> {V"XV"z {V"z{V"@pUz T"{O"US"ZpB"pO"o {N"O"z Z@wO"X"o $ O" \"
{V"zV"T"P"p&_Y"u{O" QY"X"o $ O"O_"pY"z S"pÒ"rOY"P": $ Qu\"r"ZrZ{V"XV"pQS"SY"O\"p{Q{O"
W"p\": $ {V"XV"z _"pY"z S"p`{O" $ Y"O": O\"{zV"T"{O"US"ZpB"pQ{N"O"{X"{O" Y"puG"S"p $ O"
\" O"_Y"p \"pS"uS" _"pXY"p@pzb"N"X"TY"_"zW"p{\"O"{X"OY"p` - O"sp{X"{O" $ O"pu {V"XV"z _"\"p_"pz
S"pZrN"X"R"Z_"pXY"uS" @{\"{W"\"NY"X"pS"X"sT"X"pS"rW"p\"B"{\"O"z E"uOY"P": $@P"{X"\" S" "O"?
@sO"pu \"p S" \"rLuO> "o? OY"T"_O"s O"spX"\"p"sX"sO@JuS> "...N"pu W"\"O"r{O" W"p\": $ e" {V"XV"u
ZpB"p{N"O"O\"puOT"bu "p-S" "uO"uOY"{O""Y"pu{WY"pz Qu\Y"R"Zpu_> Y" {S"T"X"O"p{_"uZS"S\"Y"pu
\Y"GY"O" OY"pZuN"ppZR\"{S": $$ 62 $$
Anv
uv! E Euk CPa ]ux. \g\ a\ A. Au
Eumi AS Dinx. PzvAn E
vzu u \ Ax. Au Jh {zu Ax mQ
. UP EPu. (62)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
T"@w OY"p ZpY"p {O" $ ù _"sQ{O" O"\" QSO"EF>QE"u:, QSO"EF>Qpu&R"Z:, O"_Y" {E":
@p{SO":, O"pz {@z_"pY"uS" \"N"Y"pX":? S"S"s \"O"O"u {\"lX"O"u{O" E"uf"e"p` - {\"lX"O"p Uz
G"S"Y"O"s, T""pO_"pY"z \"bY"u $ R"Z_O"s _"Upu {\"lX"_O"s {S"Û {O" S"p{_O" _"pY"X"o $
P" T"{V"XV"z E"uf"Q{T" S"uOY"p` - \" {V"XV"z, QmZO": T"OY"_O"{X"{O" $ Y"O"_O\"{XV"z
O\"EF>ZrZ@p{SO"_"X"t`: O"_Y" T"{O"US"z T"{O"{V"zV"B"`N"z O"_Y" @pW"pQ{N"O"z, O"\"pN"@p{SO"T"{O"US"pQN"X"o $ O"P"p E" _\"W"p\"O": "uO"z, O"\"pR"Z_Y" {T" O"spX"pZpuM>zs @P"{X"\"
S" "uO"? {T" O"s "uO"v\" $ O"uS" {e"W"s\"S"u O"\"pR"ZpuT"X"p S"p_O"r{O" $ _\"pOX"_"pY"uS"pS"S\"Y"p@pZuN"pW"tO"puT"X"Y"p \"N"S"rY" {O" $ {V"XV"z {BV"zV"T"{O"US"ZpB"pQ{N"O"{X"{O"
{E"OT"pK>: $ O"Qp O"\" Y"O"o {BV"z\"z _"tY"_O"_Y" T"{O"US"z _"pvZT"W"p{\"_O"pZ:, O"O_"zV"SR"uS"
G"pO"T"qZT"p@O"Y"p {N"O"z, S" O"s _\"W"p\"O" {O" \Y"pAY"pS"X"o$ T"@w OY"p Z_Y"u{O"
148
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -62
T"Z`_Y"pP":- T"@w OY"u{O" $ T"@w OY"p Zp "p, QSO"EF>Q uz "uO" T"p"Y"pu

"p $ Y"z
\"p@o{e"T"sZpX"S"s: $ rz uz rzX"o $$ 62 $$
BuQ
UP EP Eu. Uv v Ah[Qx.
( I G) (62)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
T"@w OY"u{O" $ ù _"sQ{O", "puW"S"p QSO"p Y"_Y"p: _"p O"P"pup O"O_"zV"s{:, "puW"S"QSO"u O"\"
QSO"EF>QE"u: QSO"Y"puF>Qp\"pup> v O"Y"pu: E"u: _"pvW"pBY"_Y" _"pY"z _"pXY"z O"Qp T"\"bY"u
T"@^"uN " @P"Y"u $ O"Qp @Qp? Y"Qp {\"lX"O"p T"\"p\"r Uz G"S"Y"{O" $ {\"lX"O"p_"s S"
UpuQY":, O"pu ùO"pu: O"p_"s S" O"\"pR"Z_"pXY"{X"{O" $ @Y"p QSO"EF>QE"u:, T"@w OY"p
ZpY"p: _\"W"p\"O": "puN"pY"p: $ S"S"s {V"XV"_Y"pR"Z_Y" E" _"pXY"z \"{N"O"X"TY"{_O" $ O"e"pS"s{E"O"z
\"N"{Y"O"s{X"OY"p` - {V"zV"z {V"zV"rUz @Y"p @Qu"uS"p{T", O"spX"RY"pZpuM,>zs @P"{X"\" X"Ò"p
u"uS"p{T" S" "uO" "pz S"pT"npOu "r{O" S", {T" O"s T"pT"npOu Y"u\" $ O"{zV"T"{O"US"ZpB"pQ{N"O"z,
O"Y"puQS O"EF>QY"pu{V"XV"_Y" X"NL>_Y", T"{O"US"z T"{O"{V"zV"S"z, O"uS" ZpB"_O"_X"pQ{N"O"z,
O"_X"pO"o {V"XV"U{X"{O" \Y"\"`pZ: $ R"Z{V"zV"T"{O"{V"zV"T"_"pQpQp_"p{QO":, SY"P"p O"e"
{V"zV"\Y"\"`pZpu S" _Y"pO"o$ O"P"p _U{J>@pQpv G"T"p@s_"sX"T"{O"{V"zV"\""pQpu\" _U{J>@pQrS"pz
ZO"p $ O"P"p {V"zV"U_Y"pT"r{O" $$ 62 $$
uzw
iPU P \zu UP iPUP ]US.
P Eumi v h Au ]vUS. UP
E Eu. (62)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" @X"T"p"X"R"Z\"N"S"X"p` - T"@w OY"u{O" $ ppuW"X"pS"p QSO"p Y"_Y"p: _"p _"sQO"r,
O"O_"zV"puR"S"z ù _"sQ{O", O"\" QSO"EF>QE"u: \"Zp@ O"sEF>p {\"lX"O"p _"pY"z @P"z @Y"O"s
T"pT"npOu "s $ \"Zp@OY"e" T"Zpub"u {O" T"pKu> T"Zpub"u O\"SO"EF>Q{E"T"{O"Ò"E"u:
{\"lX"O"pY"p: _"pY"pW"pu&_"zW"p{\"O" \"pO": T"Zpub"u&T"rOY"P": $ _"pY"p@S"u ùO"sz \"O"sz
QSO"EF>Qz {\"{"S"{> - T"@w OY"p _\"W"p\"O" \" ZpY"p {\"lX"O"pY"p_O\"{zV"T"{O"US"pW"pQpZO"u{O" W"p\": $ O"P"p{\"R"z {V"XV"z O\"SO"EF>QE"u: O"spX"RY"pZpuM>zs T"p"sz @P"{X"\" S"
"uO" S"u{O" pv S"I"pv T"@w O"X"P"| B"X"Y"O" {O" SY"pY"uS" "uO"v\"uOY"P": $ @Y"p ^"puL> "pz"uS" $
QSO"EF>Q{E": -
Eumh
149
O"e" ùO"sz \"QS"o {V"XV"z {\"{"S"{> - O"{zV"z O"SX"t{O": O"OT"{O"US"pW"pO"o O"O_"z@ X"pW"pQ{N"O"z, S" O"_Y" _\"pW"p{\"@pu&{N"X"u{O" W"p\": $ @P"X"{T" {\""uO"u{O" T"pKu>
{"Z"pS"uS" \Y"pAY"uY"X"o $$ 62 $$
uzu \vP
Eumi \ zv \ P Ax.
Pzv \ \ [SUSU Th DhPx. (\ & v
J[S). x . (62)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù T"ZX"u"qZ, T"@w OY"p _\"W"p\"O"pu ZpY"p N"\"N"pY"p QSO"EF>QE"u: "puW"pY"p:
_"pY"X"sT"X"pS"z, ù _"sQ{O", O"Qp T"\"bY"u {S"\"uQ{Y"^Y"p{X", Y"Qp @Qp{E"O"o {\"lX"O"p Uz
G"S"Y"O"s $ {V"lX"_Y" _\"W"p\"O"pu Z_Y" Y"{Q UG"S"S"z W"{\"^Y"{O", O"e"p{T" T"qZT"p@uS"
{O""{Y"O"T"pJ>@p{SO": W"{\"^Y"{O", O"Qv\" T"X"pS"z \"O"sz _"s@Zz S"pSY"P"uOY"P": $ X"RY"u "p
S"S"s _"\"rN"pX"R"Z@pSO"u: T"X"p_P"pS"z {O"X"wQ
l _T""| OY"{N"X"_"zT"Q\"_P"pS"W"tO"z
{A"uWY": UuWY"pu&TY"{O"T"ub "N"rY"@p{SO"W"qZO"z {V"zV"Uz \"O"O"u A"s $ O"uS" _"X"z @P"z
{V"zV"pR"ZpuT"X"pS"{_"{: S" _Y"pO"o? {@X"P"| \"p {\"X"pS"UpO"o UpuOT"{f":, {\"lX"puT"{X"{O"Zp W"tO"T"t\"puT "X"pdY"N"@pT"NY"\"v"_"X"r{@Y"O"u OY"p"pY"pX"p` - S" {V"BV"{X"{O"$
{V"XV"z O"p\"QlT"X"p_T"Qz S" W"\"O"rOY"P": $ @sO" OY"p` - O\"{XV"T"{O"US"pW"pQ{N"O"z, O"\"
{V"XV"_Y" "ZrZ_Y" T"{O"US"pW"pO"o _"z@ p{SO"pW"pQ{N"O"X"o $ e" US"z S"pX"
"{T"pO":$ _" A"s _"\"\Y"p{T"SY"p: T"Zp"u: {@ZN"@QXV"@pS"pz O"f"OT"QpP"u^ "s _UsZN"pOX"@: T"O"rY"O"u $ Y"p\"SOY"u\" Z\Y"p{N" _"pvXY"p{S" T"bu "N"rY"p{S", O"p{S" O"p{S" _"\"pNY"{T"
G"B"p"X"tO"u: dr{O"pX"`pW">pqZ@pY"p: _"\"O": T"_"ZO"pz {N"X"puO"_"pz T"{O"{V"XV"W"tO"pS"rOY"pB"X": $ T"pJ>: A"s \"N": T"P"X"puOT""O\"pO"o {b"Z"S"@pZN"O\"pO"o ZG"_O"O\"z
X"sAY"O"Y"p z W"B"\"OY"p dsOY"p $ G"pX"u@pz pu{Ò""s@w^N"pz {O", Z"s\"N"T"QSz {O" E" \"uQpB"X"Y"pu: T"P"X"\"N"S"rY"O\"z T"pJ>\"N"_Y" $ pB"X""pe" Y"p{S"
_"pvXY"p{S" "puN"p{S" wpZZ_"W"p{" E" $ O"pSY"XV" "{T"pO"uS" _"zT""pS"r{O" {S""Y": $
T"\"pu^"s ZZ"u^"s @s_"sXW"u^"s @sz @sX"u^"s @X"u^"s V"pp{QOY"u^"s O"{L>O_"s \"{{"A"p_"s _"SRY"p_"s
{_"SQmZû \"SY"u^"s O"p"u^"s X"p{@_"pvSQY"X"p@pZu^"s T"QpP"u^ "s W"B"\"OY"p: T"{O"US"z
"{T"pO" {O" _"@pB"X"{S"{"O"pu&P": $ O" \" O\"EF>ZrZ{@ZN"_"zT"""{T"pO"X"pe"T"qZT"pJ>@p{SO"S"p {\"XV"uS"p{T" O"\"pR"Z_Y" O"sp{_"{S"p_OY"u\" $ O"O@sO"pu ùO"pu:,
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -62
150
O\"EF>{T"pO"_"pvSQY"_"zT""z O\"f"pu VR"G"r{\"O"z {V"XV"Uz T"sS": O\"QR"Z@pSOY"p _"`

T"X"pS"{_"{_"È"Zrz _T"R"p| @O"s,| O" \" O"QopZp O"spX"RY"pZpuM>zs @Y"p{T"
u"pz"_T"w{>@Y"p{T" @P"z S" "uO", {T"O"s "uO"v\"uOY"P": $ O" \" O\"QR"Z{V"XV"X"O"sX"u\"
_"zT""{X"OY"P": $$ 62 $$
isi
u EumiS E \{UP
PS. u \ G \Uv A hu (\Uv
uzu) Aua \ ASQx. u \ \Uv kuS
H ]vUS. u {[P \UP uh uQx.
u _UUn G. , ] z, S_, S[S,
u, Cg`, , wUPv, \v, ]y G Azv
[P \sn u \Uvku AQx. Au u
\Uv u AP ux u A x[Sx P
u \U RhP xUP A mPk. E EumhS
Dinu. ( UP Eu. (62)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
T"@w OY"u{O" - ù _"sQ{O" ! T"@w OY"p _\"W"p\"uS" ZpY"p pu{Ò"pY"p: O"\" QSO"EF>QE"u:
R"Z@pSO"u: _"pY"z T"\"bY"u - {\"lX"O"p O"{` Uz G"S"Y"O"s $ T"\"bY" OY"e" \"Zp@{O",
U{X"OY"e" @P"{X"{O" E" _"X"rE"rS": T"pK>:$ {V"XV"z @Y"p @Qu"uS"p{T" @P"X"{T" @uS> "
O"spX"RY"pZpuM>zs S" "uO" ? {T" O"s "uO"v\" $ @P"{X"\"u{O" T"pKu> \""VQpu \"pY"ppZu $
@"z {V"XV"z, O\"{XV"T"{O"US"pW"pQ{N"O"z O\"SX"t{O"T"{O"{V"XV"\""pX"o $ {B\"XV"T"{O"US"u{O" {E"OT"pK>: $ O"e" {BV"XV": _"tY":, O"_Y" O\"{b"N"S"ue"T"O\"pO"o $ O"e"
T"{O"US"z T"p@: O"pW"p{QOY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - _"sQ{O" "puW"S"QSO"u, _"pY"z T"@w OY"p
ZpY"p QSO"EF>QE"u" _"pY"z T"\"bY"u OY"P": $ QSO"EF>QpNY"\"N"S"z B"puT"p_"sSQZrX"tOY"{W"T"pY"uN" $$ 62 $$
Pu
E x Ps `. Au J v P ]xx.
q zv & Puh Eumi \ CP Ex.
x . (62)
pS"SQ`Zr
T"@w OY"u{O"
ù
_"sQ{O"
"puW"S"Q{SO",
T"@w OY"p
_\"W"p\"uS"
ZpY"p_O"\",
X"R"sZ[_X"O"X"o - C ]
151
QSO"EF>QY"puZpup> -R"ZY"pu: E"uZ{O"pv{ÒY"_Y" _"pY"z, O"Q`z T"\"bY"u, {\"lX"O"p

T"\"pX"{N"X"Y"r {O"@p, UX"{O"pu{Ò"z @Y"O"s QR"pO"s $ S" {O\"Qz _"zW"\"O"rOY"W"tO"puT"X"p $
{E"" T"s_O"@u \"Zp@ _"pY"z @Y"O"s @P"z {\"lX"O"u{O" {O"rY"E"ZN"Y"pK>: $ O"e" \"Zp@
O"sEFuO> Y"P": $ S"S"s {V"XV"Uz T"{_"X"sT"X"pS"X"{_O" $ O"e"p` - O"OT"{_"z {V"XV"Uz @O"w @Y"p
u"uS"p{T" O"spz _"pXY"X"RY"pZpuM>zs T"p"sz @P"{X"\" S" {\""uO", {T" O"s {\""uO"v\"u{O" W"p\": $
@sO" OY"p` - {V"XV"_Y" T"{O"US"z _"tY"X"NL>Su " O"uG":_"zY"puB": T"p@T": O"pW"pQN"z ZX"o $
Y"p O"\" {V"XV"_Y" "ZrZ_Y" T"{O"US"z @p{SO"Y"puB": O"pW"p{QOY"P": $ {_"SQmZp{Q@z
Y"p\"QN"z \"_O"s, O"O_"\"| _"\"\Y"p{T"@pY"p Qu\Y"p: @p{SO"Y"puB"p{QOY"pB"X""ppuX"o $ Y"P"p Y"p{S" _"pvXY"p{S" "puN"p{S" wpZZ_"W"p{" E" $ O"pSY"_Y"p: "{T"pO"uS" _"zT""pS"r{S"
{S""Y": $ {O" $ "{T"pO": _U{J>@pQpv G"T"pQuqZ\" _\"R"X"Y"puB" {O" W"p\": $ _\"W"p\"O"pu
ZpY"p_O"\"pR"Z_Y"p{O"pv{ÒY"z _\"pW"p{\"@X"o $ {V"XV"SO"s _\"W"p\"O": Y"pX"z T"p@pQN"z
@P"X"sT"X"pS"z W"{\"O"sX"Ò"r{O" $ @u{E"f"s O"_Y"pR"Z_Y" {V"XV"T"{O"US"pW"pO"o T"X"uY"O"pT"T"{O"{V"XV"pW"pQ{N"O"z O"spX"RY"pZpuM>zs T"X"pS"O"pz T"p"s{X"{O" \Y"pE"b"O"u $ S" {V"XV"{X"OY"e" {V"XV"{X"{O", {\""uO"uOY"e" S" "uO"uOY"{T" {E"OT"pK>: $ O"Qp "VQ:
_"zW"p\"S"pY"pX"o $ {V"XV"pu&r X"NL>z {e"{^\"OY"X"Z: $$ 62 $$
Bu
y u ]u mP ][P P u
A Ax \ G \Uv wsh .
uuu. (62)
*
{_X"O"GY"puOpG"pz O"\" \"QS"E"S_Y" {T"V"O"pz

E"@puZpN"pX"p_"rQ{O"Z_"O"Y"p E""sG"{L>X"p $
O"_O"u "rO"pz"puZX"wO"`ZrX"pXE"Y":1
{T"V"{SO" _\"EF>SQz {S"{" {S"{" W"w"z @p{"@{R"Y"p $$ 63
u z| u u|\z u
\Pn Bz Avu \g_i >
Auu û\: Au B\: 1
v a\u {]{] \ PgPv >> 63
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -63
152
1. XE"Y":
$ A\:,
W""E"Y":
U|\:
u & u Ex, u| \z PQ \v uz
| ]Q C {UPzu; u & SQ,
\Pn. \P P \g_i ] En
hzu; Avu u _ UPu Eshu Esh. Au;
Au; B\: u = a _UP A {] {] J
C a\u ua\ i; û\: Au & \v Au
UP; PgPv zuPi G Gsnzv \ & AiUPi,
APvPP v SiUQ.
uuz P\, \ u
R, u u |[P C[S { .
bX"rR"Zp
{_X"O"GY"puOpG"pz {_X"O"X"r^"{_"O"X"u\" GY"puOp O"_Y"p: G"pz {\"O"pS"z, O"\"
\"QS"E"S_Y" \"QS"X"u\" E"S: O"_Y", {T"V"O"pz p_\"pQY"O"pz, E"@puZpN"pz T"{b"{\""u^"pN"pz
p_"rO"o {O"Z_"O"Y"p {O"X"pR"sY"pO"o, E""sE"{L>X"p {G"pG"pL>X"o $ O": @pZN"pO"o, O"u
E"@puZp:, "rO"pz"pu: E"S_Y", X"wO"`Zrz X"wO"_Y" _"sR"pY"p: O_"u@z
GY"puOpX"wO"{X"OY"P": $ pXE"Y": pXu XZ_"u {E"\"pIF>p> Y"u^"pz O"u pXE"Y":
{T"V"{SO" W"b"Y"[SO" $ _\"EF>SQz Y"P"uSF>,z {S"{"{S"{" T"{O"{S""z GY"puOp{_\"{O" "u^": $ W"w"z
OY"P"|, @p{"@{R"Y"p pZS"pW"pSOY"p $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù W"B"\"{O" ! O"\"
\"QS"E"S_Y" {_X"O"GY"puOpG"pz {T"V"O"pz E"@puZpN"pz {O"Z_"O"Y"p E""sG"{L>X"p p_"rO"o,
O"_O"u pXE"Y": "rO"pz"puZX"wO"`Zrz @p{"@{R"Y"p _\"EF>SQz {S"{"{S"{" W"w"z
{T"V"{SO" $ e" {O""Y"pu{ZpZ:, E""sE"{L>X"{S"V"SR"S"-GY"puOpT"pS"p_"XV"SR"u&{T"
O"O_"XV"SR"@P"S"pO"o
{O"X"R"sZ_O"SY"T"pS"T"_"{G"pG"pL>-{S"V"SR"S"pX{T"T"p_"s{X":
V"p@vZ-W"uQpRY"\"_"pS"_Y" T"O"rO"u: $$ 63 $$
u
E PQ \vx ]Q P C {
\PP EnP SQ. Au uhx AvP A
mPh Avu Au ASP En . (|US zx
.) A _ Ena] Cuu sk CS
|i J \v { zu PiP
{zx SQ. vPmi ]_S |zu FP E
Auuzv ] AvUS { US. (63)
153
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
{_X"O"z _O"pv{O" - {_X"O"u{O" $ O"\" \"QS"E"S_Y" {_X"O"GY"puOpG"pz, {_X"O"X"u\"
GY"puOp, O"O_"X"t`z {T"V"O"pz E"@puZpN"pz, {O"Z_"O"Y"p OY"SO"X"R"sZp_\"pQS"O"Y"p,
E""sG"{L>X"p E""sB"O"pZpuE"@O\"z p_"rO"o $ O"_O"u "rO"pz"puZX"wO"`Zrz {@ZN"pX"wO"T"ZzT"Zpz
{T"V"{SO" $ _\"EF>SQz {S"ZB",z Y"p\"OT"Y"SO"z E""sG"{L>X"npu {\"dp{SO"_O"p\"O"o, @p{"@{R"Y"p
X{R"Y"p$ OY"SO"X"R"sZ-T"pY"_"p{QW"puG"S"uS"pZpuE"@u G"pO"u _"{O" XW"b"N"z {\"R"pY" T"sS":
T"pY"_"p{Q X"R"sZz W"s"O"u $ O"P"p, e" E"S{@ZN"_Y"puT"X"pS"_Y" @p{"@O\"Qpu^"pZpuT"uN"
O"sEF>O\"T"{O"T"pQS"pO"o T"X"uY"_Y" \"QS"_Y"puO@^"T"{O"T"pQS"pQ{O""Y"pu{: $ O"\" \"QS"E"S_Y"
{_X"O"GY"puOpG"p{X"{O" T"@Y"uS" O"\" \"QS"E"S: _"\"Qp T"tN":, @:, p_"`rS": $
O"p"_Y" {_X"O"GY"puOp-G"pz O"{OT"V"O"pz E"@puZpN"pz E""sG"{L>X"p G"pO"p $ O"\" {_X"O"E"{S@p_"sR"pO\"z {@ZN"p_"-\"w{@Q{P"O"_Y" Zp@pY"pX"u\" T"tN"_Y" {@ZN"pX"wO"`Zr
@p{"@pY"O" {O" {@X"QoW"sO"{X"{O" R\"{S": $$ 63 $$
Uzu
u ] & P C u Esh,
|US _UP C uU Psk, zuua \mk i
zu P {. P Cx, ]UP E P u\.
Ax P[P u n \v. P[P u a]
(U) PQ n\v E P\v Gv zu Pi. E
UuUS E P u\ Au. (63)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
{_X"O"z \"N"Y"{O" - {_X"O"u{O" $ ù Qu{\", O"\" W"\"OY"p:, \"QS"E"S_Y" X"sA"uSQpu: _"zV"{SR",
{_X"O"GY"puOpG"pz QZ`p_"@pvX"sQrB"N"X"o $ G"pz G"pS"pz _"X"t` {O" \Y"sOT"fY"p X"wO"X"Y"G"Zp{"z E"u{O" R\"{S": $ {T"V"O"pz T"pS"z {\"QR"O"pz, E"@puZpN"pz E"{S@pT"p{Y"T"{b"{\""u^"pN"pz,
E"@puZ"{S@pT"pY"r OY"X"Z: $ {O"Z_"O"Y"p {O"X"pR"sY"uN " $ E""s^"s e"pu{J>^"s G"{L>X"p
G"pL>,z {O"X"R"sZp_\"pQG"SY"p {E": p_"rQW"tO"o $ E""spu{J>W"u {Y"pz OY"X"Z: $ {@z
{Q\"u{O" "u^": $ Y"O""{S@pT"pS"Z{_"@pS"pz E"@puZpN"pz {O"X"R"sZpb"rN""puW"p\"SX"sA"uSQlGY"puOpX"wO"T"pS"uS" X"sA"_Y"p{E"ZW"tO"o {@X"o? {O"X"R"sZT"p{Y"S"pu X"sA"G"pL>pS"sW"\"Q"S"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ e" \"QS"E"SuOY"p{QT"@_"zV"SR"@P"S"p{O""Y"pu{WY"pz S"sT"p{N"O"p E"@puZE""sE"{L>X"W"p\"S"puOT"bu "p B"XY"p$ @sO" O"O"o O"Y"O" OY"e"p` - e" puO"puZOu "u E"@puZp
154
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -63
pXE"Y": {E"{S"\"wfY"P"X"pXp@pzb"p: _"SO":, "rO"pz"pu: X"wO"pz"pu: X"wO"`Zrz

_"sR"pu{X"@pz @p{"@{R"Y"p...X"R"sZX"sA"T"rY"t^"X"Y"tA"X"pR"sY"| {\"`pY" E"SE"{S@p_\"pQS"pW":
@P"X"u^"pz T"pO"Zp... T"t\"puO T"bu "pS"sT"p{N"O"pu&Y"z E"{S@pY"pz @p{"@R"r{S"V"SR"S"pu W"p{SO"X"QpZ: $ O"uS" E" Qu\"r\"QS"E"S...{O"\"O"o T"{_"E"SpO"o OY"pvO@J>z \"_O"s \Y"GY"O"
OY"pZuN" \"_O"sR\"{S": $$ 63 $$
Anv
u! \P { EnP H .
Px. {U Ptu | miQhUS. Ax J |
E Pzu \v GU Psk Av ux Q ]
{u Enx Au sk sk A Qx. Au
|US _ En Cx P vPzx {x. i
Au P |UQ _ En sk , FP
\v { Qx. (63)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
{_X"O"GY"puOu{O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ, {_X"O"_"sSQZ\"QS"u, E"@puZpN"pz E""sG"{L>X"p p_"rO"o $
G"{L>X"p G"pL>X"o $ Z_"E"\"N"pY"pSO"_O"_"_Y" {\"{"^Y"p_\"pQc"pS"pW"p\": $ @Y"p
{O"Z_"O"Y"p {O"X"R"sZT"pS"uS" $ T"pS"z @sO" OY"p` - {@zb"N"pS"pz O"u^"pz, O"\" \"QS"E"S_Y"
{_X"O"GY"puOpG"pz {T"V"O"pz, O"\" \"QS"E"S_Y" Y"{O_X"O"z ^"p_Y"z O"Qu\" GY"puOpG"pz
_"sSQZO"Y"p T"@p"@O\"pO"o, O"[OT"V"O"pX"o $ P"\"p T"P"X"O" \" O"\" \"QS"E"S_Y"
{_X"O"GY"puOpGz {T"V"O"pz E"@puZpN"pz E""sG"{L>X"p p_"rO"o {O" Y"puG"S"rY"X"o $
{S"Z{O""Y"X"R"sqZX"\""pO"o O"\" {_X"O"z O"{OT"V"O"pz E"@puZpN"pz E""s: @X"R"sZZ_"X"pe"X"Y"r G"pO"p
Z_"pSO"Zz S" \"uQ $ O"P"p E" Y"P"p {S"ZSO"Zz X"R"sZp"r @>XZ_"T"R"pS"z {V"XV"Up{Q@z @p{"@z
\"p T"rO\"p X"R"lZX""p{O", O": @pZN"pQXE"Y"_O"u {S"{"{S"{" @p{"@{R"Y"p
"rO"pz"puZX"wO"`Zrz {@ZN"T"ZzT"ZppZp _"X"pB"O"pz {T"V"{SO" $ W"w"X"{O""Y"uS", _\"EF>SQz
Y"P"uX> "o $ O"uS" T"ZX"pX"wO"X"Y"r T"ZX"X"R"sZp "rO"O"Zp E"pSr _"sR"p $ _"p{T" Y"_Y"p
S"XpTY"Xp G"pO"p O"p"r {S"Z{O""Y"p O"\" {_X"O"GY"puOu{O" $ {O""Y"pu{ZpZ: $
{_X"O"GY"puOu{O" pu@_Y" Z`_Y"pP": $ {_X"O"u{O" GY"puOpG"pz z, E"S_Y" _", E"@puZpN"pz pvz
"rO"pz"pu: _", E""s pv,z _\"EF>SQ z, X"wO"`Zr z W"w"z , T"Zp {e"T"sZpX"Se": $ wN"s Qu{\"
T"ZpX"Se"z {e"T"sZpY"p: @p{OX"@p $ \"uQp{Q" T"Zp E"v\" \"uQp{Q @X"p{T"Y"p $ S" T"p
u z
B"sX"uO"f"u X"`p_"z_"pZO"pZ@X"o $ pvz _"pv: z drz _"pv: $ T"Zp{e"T"sZpX"Se": $$ 63 $$
155
BuQ
EP UP. u Pshx Sa]
UPx { \PzvS C UQx. Au zuuP Ena
\S P Cx E ] Psh P. v
v Cu P]P kQx. J : E : G.
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
{_X"O"u{O" $ ù X"pO": E"@puZpN"pz E""sG"{L>X"p p_"rO"o, E"zE"pv G"pL>z V"W"t\" $ @"pS"pz
E"@puZpN"pz, O"\" \"QS"E"S_Y" O"\" X"sA"uSQpu: {O"Z_"O"Y"p {_X"O"GY"puOpG"pz {T"V"O"pz
{O""Y"uS" T"pS"z @s\"O"pX"o $ Y"Qp {O"X"R"sZZ_"pWY"p_"p{O""Y"uS"p_\"pQpu W"\"{O" O"Qp \"QS"u
G"pL>z V"SR"pu W"\"{O" {O" {W"^"G"pz T"{@Y"p $ O"{"\"wf"Y"u E"SGY"puOpX"_"u\"SO" OY"p` - ù
G"S"{S" O"u E"@puZp: O": E"zE"sG"pL>pO"o "rO"pz"pu: ZG"S"r"_Y" {S"{" {S"{" ZG"SY"pz ZG"SY"pz
W"w"X"OY"P"| _\"EF>SQz _\"uEF>Y"p X"wO"`Zrz GY"puOpO"ZzB"X"ppz {T"V"{SO" $ S"S"s X"wO"T"pS"puOP"z
G"pL>z @P"z O"OT"pS"uS" {S"\"OY"| W"\"{O", W"Y"pu: _"X"pS"B"sN"p@pSO"O\"p{QOY"e"p` @p{"@{R"Y"p @p{"@{X"{O" V"sp$ @"p_O"u W""E"Y":, W""p {E"Y"u^ "pz O"u O"P"p $
W""@pSO"Y" OY"P": $ E"@puZpN"pz @p{SO": \"N"S"rY"p $ {E"G"S"S"pP"| @p{"@X"Y"GY"puOpT"pS"{X"{O" $ pu@u &TY"{E"T"qZ`pZpY" @p{"@z _"u\Y"O"u $$ 63 $$
uzw
UP EP Eu. (63)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
O": T"Zz W"\"pSY"p ^"p_Y"X"sOT"bu "Y"p \"N"Y"{O" $ {_X"O"u{O" $ {O""{Y"O"pu Z_"pu Y"{_X"S"o
_" \"QS"E"S: {_X"O"GY"puOpG"pz \"p {\""u^Y"X"o $ E""sG"{L>X"p O"sNL>G"L>O\"X"o $ O"""sG"{L>X"npu ùO"pu: X{E"Y"u^ "pz O"u O"P"p $ @p{"@z _"pv\"rZz O"{Y"p X"wO"`Zrz {@ZN"T"ZzT"Zpz
{T"V"SO"rOY"sOT"bu "O"u $ _T">X"SY"O"o $$ 63 $$
uzu \vP
UP EP Eu. (63)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
{_X"O"u{O" $ O"\" \"QS"E"S_Y" pS"S""rO"pz"pu: $ \"e"p_Y"u \"QS"z O"sNLz> OY"X"Z: $
{_X"O"GY"puOpG"pz, {_X"O"X"u\" GY"puOpG"pT"uN" \"O"X"pS"z T"ZX"pX"wO"z, {T"V"O"pz
156
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -63
p_\"pQY"O"pz, S"\"ZO"z O"_"E"\"N"p{S"\"wfY"v\" {S"ZSO"ZT"pS"_"SO"pS"@pqZN"pz {O"Z_"O"Y"p

E""sG"{L>X"p e"pu{J>@pu{J>G"pL>X"o $ E""spu{J>W"u {Y"pX"o OY"X"Z: $ pu@u A"s
{O"X"R"sZZ_"p_\"pQS"{@Y"p_"X"{W"`pZuN" T"sS"_O"P"p p_\"pQS""{\"vX"sAY"@pqZ {G"pG"pL>z _"zW"\"{O" $ O"EF>p{SO":, O"{vZ\u " Xp{Qpu@_"pX"pSY"Z_"v: {S"\"O"O"u $
T"sS"Zu\"zT"@pZuN" X"pR"sY"G"{S"O"{G"pG"pL>u T""pSO"u, T"sS": X"R"sZZ_"p_\"pQS"T"ZX"pS"SQ_"zT"Qlf"XW"S"z W"\"{O" $ O"P"p E"@puZû "s O"QoY"O"u $ O" \" ùO"pu: $ {G"pG"pL>{\"X"puE"S"pP"|, {S"{" {S"{" Zpe"pv Zpe"pv "rO"pz"pu: E"SX"_": X"wO"`Zrz T"rY"t^"R"pZpX"Y"GY"puOpz @p{"@{R"Y"p X"R"sZG"pL>{S"Zp@ZN"pX"wO"Z_"p_\"pQùO"pu: @p{"@{R"Y"p _"pv\"rZV"sp pXE"Y": _"SO"_O"u E"@puZp: {T"V"{SO" p_\"pQY"{SO" $ E"@puZpN"pz
O\"QpS"S"E"S{_X"O"T"rT"t^"R"pZpX"pR"sY"_"zT"f"u: @p{"@_"X"pS"X"u\"vO"O"o E"S{E"X"pR"lY"{X"{O"
S"uS" W"\"{O" $ X"sA"E"S_Y" E"SpO"o @pu{J>B"sN"p{R"Y"z, z{V"@pY"p: {_X"O"X"pR"sY"_Y"
E"{S@pZ_"pO"o @pu{J>B"sN"p{R"Y"z E" _"X"s{>z @O"z T"@p{"O"{X"OY"\"R"pZN"rY"X"o $$ 63 $$
isi
UP EP Eu. AP ] C
{ Ch Pi h[S AvPx. (63)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
{_X"O"u{O" - O"\" \"QS"E"S_Y" O\"SX"sA"uSQpu: {_X"O"X"r^"p_Y"X"u\" GY"puOp, O"_Y"p
G"pz _"X"t`,z {T"V"O"pz E"@puZpN"pX"{O"Z_"O"Y"p OY"SO"X"R"sZO"Y"p E""sG"E"{L>X"p {E"Zp_"rO"o $ O"pu ùO"pu: {E"S"p"pP"| O"u E"@puZp: XE"Y": _"SO": @p{"@{R"Y"p
pZS"pV"sp {S"{"{S"{" Zpe"pv Zpe"pv W"w"X"{O""Y"uS" _\"EF>SQz _\"uEF>Y"p "rO"pz"pu"S_Y"
X"wO"`Zrz _"sR"pR"pZpz {T"V"SO"rOY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u&TY"u\"X"o $$ 63 $$
Pu
UP EP Eu. q zv Cx x. (63)
pS"SQ`Zr
{_X"O"u{O" $ O"\" \"QS"E"S_Y" {_X"O"T"p GY"puOp O"_Y"p G"pz _"X"t`z {T"V"O"pz E"@puZpN"pz
T"{b"{\""u^"pN"pz {O"Z_"O"Y"p {O"X"pR"sY"uN " E""sG"{L>X"p X"sA"_Y" G"pL>z {E"@ZX"p_"rO"o $
O"pu ùO"pu_O"u E"@puZp Xu Z_"u {E"Y"u^ "pz O"P"p{\"R"p: _"SO"pu {S"{p {S"{" T"{O"Zp{e"
W"w"{X"OY"P": "rO"pz"pu"S_Y" X"wO"`Zrz X"wO"O"ZT"z Z{X"_"X"t`z @p{"@{R"Y"p
Zp {G"p - ]u |US
157
{E"Z_"{"O"_"G"pvQS"{\"@pZV"sp {T"V"{SO" $ SY"u&TY"{O"X"R"sZW"b"N"u&{E"S"p"pY"pX\"_O"t{S" W"b"Y"{SO" O"{Q{O" W"p\": $ O"uS" E"{S@pO": {_X"O"_Y"p{O"X"pR"sY"R\"{S": $$ 63 $$

Bu
EP UP. (63)
*
{\"dpSO"z T"OY"sB"sN "B"N"@P"pX"Lu >S"G"T"p1

2
G"T"pT"s^T"EF>pY"p O"\" G"S"{S" {G"p G"Y"{O" _"p $
Y"QB"p_"rS"pY"p: _U{J>@^"QEF>EF>{\"X"Y"r3
_"Z_\"OY"p X"t{O": T"qZN"X"{O" X"p{N"Y"\"T"s^"p $$ 64 $$
Aau zSnPn Puh| 1
2
a\ u |{ v >
uU|: iPzua\a\ 3
z zv: nv oU >> 64
1. G"L>p,
T"Zp, h, , 2. G"\"p , 3. EF>{\"E": a\\:
u & |{ & u, Aau & K, z:& Pnh Sn

& Pn & Pu & Bh & & Sn\ USU Tu
v vzva \Q u & Au E |US
() a\ & \zu {uP (]x) v & ]h
[SQx. z AU B|:& Gu Au Ax z:
vh iPzz Aaa\a\ iPU P
Pzuu J v: E, oU & ] z
snzxh nv & hhQx.
{Uv: ], nh, u] Sk, u]
vu, w u u |[P zv _UP.
bX"rR"Zp
{\"dpSO"z S"pZO"z, T"OY"s: _"Qp{"\"_Y", B"sN"B"N"@P"pX"Lu S> "G"T"p B"sN"pS"pz
{e"T"sZ{\"G"Y"pQrS"pz B"N": _"X"t`: O"_Y" @P"p \"wf"pSO": O"_Y"p pX"Lu S> "z {{{: O"Qu\" G"T"pu
Y"_Y"p__"p S"SY"X"S"_@uOY"P": $ G"T"pT"s^T"EF>pY"p G"T"pT"^T"z ZT"s^T"rT"s^T"z O"_Y" F>pY"u\" F>pY"p
158
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -64
@p{SO":, Y"_Y"p__"p $ O"\" G"S"{S" ! ù X"pO": ! {G"p Z_"S"p, G"Y"{O" _UsZ{O" $ _"p O"EF>VQpu
\"{O"^Y"X"pN"pz T"{_"{z T"ZpX"w"{O" $ Y"QB"p_"rS"pY"p: Y"_Y"p {G"pY"p: B"u p_"rS"pY"p:
{S"^"NN"pY"p: _U{J>@^"QEF>EF>{\"X"Y"r _U{J>@^"Q: _U{J>@puT"_Y"u\" EF>p F>{\":
@p{SO": O"Y"p T"E"sZp $ T"pE"sY"pP"u X"Y"Jo$> _U{J>@R"\"uOY"P": $ _"Z_\"OY"p: W"pZOY"p: X"t{O":
_\"T"z, T"qZN"X"{O" {\"@pZX"pT"O"u, T"pSO"Zz T"pT"npOu "r{O" Y"p\"O"o $ X"p{N"Y"\"T"s^"p
T"ZpB"\"T"s^"p $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù G"S"{S" ! O"\" _"p {G"p {\"dpSO"z T"OY"s:
B"sN"B"N"@P"pX"Lu S> "G"T"p
G"T"pT"s^T"EF>pY"p
G"Y"{O",
Y"QB"p_"rS"pY"p:
_"Z_\"OY"p:
_U{J>@^"QEF>EF>{\"X"Y"r X"t{O": X"p{N"Y"\"T"s^"p T"qZN"X"{O" $ {G"pY"pz ZO\"X"pe"z S"
W"\"{O" $ O"J>_P"pS"pz Z@ZN"u Z{X"n: "{Z{T" $ O" \" G"Y"O"r{O" T"Y"sX"o $
O"QoB"sN"ppZ:, O"QoB"sN"__\"B"sN"OY"pB"pQSY"puO@w>-B"sN"p{O": {O" b"N"pO"o $ Qu\Y"p:
\"QS"pXVs"G"u _"\"Qp _"Z_\"O"r _\"X"tOY"p \"_"O"rOY"pB"X"Z`_Y"X"o $$ 64 $$
u
u! E |US K E Pn ]P \P (Pu
PuP) vzv \UPsiUS. v[P
P Gsn. A Az
vzv} B Psk \Q. ]u Pu \Q
|US \zu ]xmhx. } Tua \kzx
AUPh Pm iP { v. Ax Ax
]x ]uP E |UQ \sn PshuP oU
zzuuP Ex. v u |UQ G BP T.
(64)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
Z_"S"pz _O"pv{O" - {\"dpSO"{X"{O" $ ù G"S"{S" {\"dpSO"z {\"ZO"z, T"OY"sX"`pQu\"_Y",
B"sN"B"N"@P"pX"Lu S> "G"L>p B"sN"B"N"pS"s\"pQT"pvS":T"sSY"uS" G"L>p, `^"p{O"Zu@T"Z\""pO"o $ G"T"pT"s^T"EF>pY"p _"p O"\" {G"p G"Y"{O" $ Y"QB"u p_"rS"pY"p: _U{J>@^"Q>EF>EF>{\"\"O"o {S"X"E":
_"Z_\"OY"p X"t{O": X"p{N"Y"\"T"s^"p T"qZN"X"{O" $ {G"p@p{SO"T"{O"US"uS" _U{J>@{S"X"pY"p:
_"Z_\"OY"p X"t{O": X"p{N"Y"\"QpZp G"pY"O" OY"P"X"pvT"XY"X"o $ O"uS" O"sY"pP"puT "X"p $$ 64 $$
Uzu
v Sna]z vzvU Tz vPzx {Q. (h)
iP { Psh E Gv Au v Pu \Q E |UQ
{zu mh. (64)
Zp {G"p - ]u |US
159
N"pX"pu{QS"r
Z_"S"pz \"N"Y"{O" - {\"dpSO"{X"{O" $ ù G"S"{S", {\"dpSO"z S"\"ZO"z Y"P"p O"P"p,
T"OY"s: _"Qp{"\"_Y", B"sN"B"N"@P"p: {e"T"sZ_"z`pZG"SR"Z\"R"p{Q_"X"_O"B"sN"C"{J>O"p: @P"p
pAY"p{Y"@p:, O"p_"pX"u\" pX"Lu S> "uS" T"sS":T"sS"Z{W"\"pE"S"uS" G"L>p X"SQp, {S"ZSO"Zz T"{O"B"sN"\"N"S"pT"ZpY"N"p, _Y"v\"zT"pW"tO"uOY"P": $ O"u W"\"OY"p: _"p {G"p Z_"S"p G"Y"{O" _"\"puO@^"uN"
\"O"O"u $ O"EF>VQ_T" Y"EF>VQp@pzb"pY"pX"p` - Y"{Q{O" $ Y"_Y"p {G"pY"p B"u B"W"pB"u, p_"rS"pY"p
T"{\">pY"p:, W"\"OT"{O"B"sN"\"N"S"pP"{X"OY"P": $ _"Z_\"OY"p \"pBQu\"O"pY"p:, _U{J>@^"QEF>EF>{\"X"Y"r E"S@pSO"{"pR"\"@p{SO"T"E"sZp, _"Z_\"O"rQu`_Y" _U{J>@\"p\"Y"X"pB"X"T"{_"X"o $
p`l" _U{J>@_""T"p W"pZO"r R"pO"w\"e"p {O" $ X"t{O"Qù : $ X"p{N"Y"\"T"s^"p T"qZN"X"{O"
T"qZN"pX"z T"pT"npu{O" ZW"\"{O" $ pX"sT"t\"T"p T"pSO"ZX"pT""p W"\"O"rOY"P": $ G"T"p@s_"sX"_"p{"RY"pO"o $ _U{J>@u pv{ÒY"T"qZN"pX"pu > \"u{O" S" O"{ZpuR": $ _"Z_\"O"r{S"OY"{S"\"p_"uY"z
Qu\"r{G"u{O" W"p\": $ e" _"zV"SR"u _"zV"SR"p{O""Y"pu{ZpZ: $$ 64 $$
Anv
u! E Pn v, u uP Azu [P }
Bzxh vzva \z vPzx AvUQ.
a ]x u |US JUPa ]ux. AuU PmP E Gv Au
iP sn Psh v oUP sn Psh i
. Au E \|US ]h [SQx. (64)
pS"SQqBpZrY"p
{\"dpSO"{X"{O" $ ù G"S"{S" O"\" {G"p G"Y"{O" $ {@zb"N"p, G"\"pT"s^T"EF>pY"p
G"\"p@s_"sX"_"p"p, O": _"p Zp $ {G"pY"p ZO\"z _"pX"s{@u B"sN"O\"uS" @{P"O"X"o $ T"sS":
{@z{\"R"p, {\"dpSO"z T"OY"sB"sN "B"N"@P"pX"Lu S> "G"L>p, T"{O": drX"`pQu\":, O"_Y" Y"u B"sN"B"N"p:,
O"u^"pX"{\"dpSO"z S"vZSO"Y"uN " Y"p @P"p, O"_Y"p pX"Lu S> "z T"pvS":T"sSY"uS" @P"S"z, O"uS" G"L>p,
O"O_"z@O"S"puQWo "tO"pS"SQv@T"ZO"Y"p {\"B"{O"pSY"c"pS"p $ ZO\"puO@^"X"p`- Y"QB"p_"rS"pY"p:
_"Z_\"OY"p X"t{O": _U{J>@^"QEF>EF>{\"X"YY"{T" X"p{N"Y"\"T"s^"p T"qZN"X"{O" $ O"[_X"S"o
@pu&SY"P"pW"p\": T"qZN"pX": ? @Qp{T" T"sS": _"p X"t{O": "uO"p S" G"pY"O"u $ p` - X"p`pOXY"z
{G"pY"p Y"puB"uS" _U{J>@pu&{T" X"p{N"Y"O"pz T"p": $ {O""Y"pu{: $ {\"dpSO"{X"{O"
T"_Y" Z`_Y"pP": - {\"dpSO"z dr, T"OY"s`: pX"{u L>O"z O"uS"uS G"L>p O"uS" uz O"uS" T"{O" uz
_"Z_\"OY"p _"Z_\"OY"v pb"uT"p S"X": $ O"uS" "p \"pN"r "p $ rz uz rz _"Z_\"OY"v S"X": $
\"p{_"{_"Z_\"O"r $$ 64 $$
160
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -64
BuQ
iP oUPx E |UP ]. i Ax iP {
? UP EP Eu. I z |:
G Uzv uQ w v Cu Ah[Qx(64)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
{\"dpSO"{X"{O" $ ù G"S"{S" O"\" _"p {G"p G"Y"{O" $ _"\"puO @^"uN " \"O"O"u $ {@z{\"R"p
{G"p, {\"dpSO"X"S"\"ZO"z Y"P"p _Y"pf"P"p T"OY"s: E"SE"tL>_Y" B"sN"B"N"@P"pX"uL>S"G"T"p, B"sN"pS"pz
B"N": _"X"t`: O"_Y" @P"p O"_Y"p pX"uL>S"z {{{:, O"Y"p G"T"pu&b"Zp\"w{f"Y"_Y"p:, _"p,
T"sS": {@zW"tO"p, G"T"pT"s^T"EF>pY"p G"T"pY"p: T"s^T"z O"EF>pY"p Y"_Y"p: _"p, T"sS"_O"pX"u\" {\"{"S"{>,
_"p @p, Y"QB"p_"rS"pY"p Y"_Y"p {G"pO"pY"p B"u p_"rS"puT"{\">p O"_Y"p: _"Z_\"OY"p W"pZOY"p
X"t{O": _\"T"z X"p{N"Y"\"T"s^"p X"p{N"Y"_Y" "vpuOT""pu{Ò"@Z"_Y" \"T"s^"p _\"T"uN" T"qZN"X"{O"
T"qZN"pX"z T"pT"np{u O" $ _\"W"p\"R"\"p@pZp _"Z_\"O"r O\"{"Y"p ZO"pX"pT""p $ {@z{\"R"p X"t{O":,
_U{J>@^"QEF>EF>{\"X"Y"r _U{J>@_Y" ^"O"o T"p^"pN"_O"QEF>p {S"X"p F>{\"Y"_Y"p: _"p $
Qu\"r\"QS"pXW"puG"u _"\"Qp _"Z_\"O"rX"t{O"\"_"O"rOY"pB"X"Z`_Y"X"o $$ 64 $$
uzw
u UP. u u Gx w
UQ.(64)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
{G"pX"sOT"bu "X"pN"pu \"N"Y"{O" - {\"dpSO"{X"{O" $ {\"dpSO"{X"{O" {@Y"p{\""u^"N"z, {S"ZSO"Z{X"OY"P": $ B"sN"B"N"@P"pY"p pX"Lu S> "X"WY"p_" \" T"Zz @u\"z Y"_Y"p
OY"pZO"pY"pz ùO"s:$ G"\"pT"s^T"z {"\"pB"pZpAY"z O"_Y"u\" F>pY"p @p{SO"Y"_Y"p: _"p $
G"\"uOY"e" @u{E"O"o G"T"u{O" T"K>{SO", O"SX"SQz, @pu"u \"pSO""VQT"@ZN"u G"\"p"VQ_Y" T"pK>pO"o $
OT"bu "pSO"ZX"p` - Y"{Q{O" $ Y"_Y"p_O"\"pB"u p_"rS"pY"p T"{\">pY"p: _"Z_\"OY"p X"w{O": Qu`pu
X"p{N"Y"\"T"s^"p X"p{N"Y"T"uN" T"qZN"X"O"rOY"sOT"bu "p $ T"qZN"pX"ùO"sz \"QS"o X"t{O"| {\"{"S"{> _U{J>@T"p Y"p ^"f"O"o F>pY"p F>{\": @p{SO"_O"SX"Y"r O"OT"E"sZOu Y"P": $ Y"p Y"EF>VQpu&e"
{G"p{\""u^"N"X"o $ T"b"Y"u&{T" O"EF>VQpRY"p`pZuN"pS\"Y": $$ 64 $$
uzu\vP
Eu UP. (64)
Zp {G"p - ]u |US
161
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
{\"dpSO"{X"{O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ ! T"OY"s: _\"p{X"S"pu X"`pQu\"_Y" B"sN"B"N"G"T"pX"{u L>O"G"L>p,
B"sN"B"N"_Y" R"X"c"pS"\"vZpBY"v"Y"p{QB"sN"@QXV"@_Y" G"T"_Y" @P"pY"p p\"O"S"_Y" Y"QpX"Lu S> "z
T"sS": T"sS"ZS"sp> S"X"o $ pX"Lu S> "z {{z OY"X"Z: $ O"uS" G"L>p O"Z"VQB"`N"\"vX"sAY"uS"
O"Qu@S"pX"B"`N"X"pe"puT"b"N""{@p $ T"sS": {@zW"tO"p ? G"T"pT"s^T"EF>pY"p $ G"T"p G"\"p O"P"pvLz>~
_Y"pSX"SQpZX"{O"T"pJ>X"o $ {O" {\""T"@p": $ G"T"pT"s^T"_Y" F>pY"u\" F>pY"p Y"_Y"p: _"p
O"P"pup O"\" {G"p O"psO"p _"p _"\"puO @w>_"pvSQY"_"pZpdY"W"tO"p _"O"r G"Y"{O" _"\"puO @w>O"Y"p
\"O"O"u $ T"sS"_O"pX"u\" {G"pz {\"{"S"{> - Y"QB"p_"rS"pY"p: Y"_Y"p {G"pO"pY"p B"u "W"pB"u
p_"rS"pY"p T"{\">pY"p: _"Z_\"OY"p: W"B"\"OY"p: W"pZOY"p:, _U{J>@^"QEF>EF>{\"X"Y"r
{\"X"puT"R"\""puW"p_"zT"tN"p X"t{O": "ZrZz,X"p{N"Y"\"T"s^"p X"p{N"@pvpuOT""pu{Ò"@Z"_\"T"uN" T"qZN"X"{O" $ pX"sT"t\"T"_Y" T"pSO"ZpT"{f": T"qZN"pX": $ O\"{"pO"pT"pJ>{X"_"zT"Q: T"{O"{V"XV"uS" _\"W"p\"R"\"p@pZp _"Z_\"O"rO"S"s: {O"ZO"pX"pT""p Y"O":,
O"O" \" ùO"pu: O"\" E"@{_"z`p_"S"O"wO"rY"p\"ZN"p>pZX"NL>_P"p \"{"SY"pQY"pu \"pBQu\"O"p >pv
{_"SQmZ_"pvSQY"O"S"s_"pvSQY"p {O" _"@pB"X"T"{_"{: $ O\"{"pB"u Y"p _"Z_\"O"r _"{"{Ò"p
_"v\" O"{O@ZN"T"pJ>p@pZpZ\"N"p \"{"SY"p{QT"uN" V"{`Zp\"ZN"Qu\"O"pO\"uS" W"B"\"O"rz _"u\"O"u $
z E" - O"O" \" _"X"sQWm "tO"p: O"_Y"pX"u\" @wO"pY"p:$ O"O_\"T"p_O"OT"O"pT"p S"\"p\"ZN"Qu\"O"p: $$ {O" $$ 64 $$
isi
u u, b, U, Ia u Sn[Pz
u vz v USQ. \Uzv x Bn
uuP ] u Gmk UuP v i.
AP ]y {zv G BP T. CP uhx u,
C BuPU Psh. uzv uUS J. u
B CPh Esk. (64)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
{\"dpSO"{X"{O" - ù G"S"{S" ! O"\" {G"p Z_"S"p {\"G"Y"O"u $ T"OY"s: {"\"_Y" {\"dpSO"z
{S"ZSO"Zz B"sN"B"N"@P"pY"p R"X"c"pS"\"vZpBY"v"Y"p{QG"T"S"_Y" pX"Lu S> "uS"p\"O"S"uS" G"L>p O"Z"VQB"`N" \"vX"sAY"uS" O"Qu@S"pX"B"`N"X"pe"puT"b"N""{@p G"T"pT"s^T"EF>p> Y"p pvLT>~ "s^T"@p{SO":$ Y"_Y"p {G"pY"p: B"u p_"rS"pY"p T"{\">pY"p: _"Z_\"OY"p X"t{O":, _U{J>@^"O"o
_U{J>@T"p^"pN"z, O"QEF>p {\"X"p _\"EF>p F>{\": @p{SO": O"SX"Y"r O"sp, X"p{N"Y"\"T"s^"p
162
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -64
BuQ
iP oUPx E |UP ]. i Ax iP {
? UP EP Eu. I z |:
G Uzv uQ w v Cu Ah[Qx(64)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
{\"dpSO"{X"{O" $ ù G"S"{S" O"\" _"p {G"p G"Y"{O" $ _"\"puO @^"uN " \"O"O"u $ {@z{\"R"p
{G"p, {\"dpSO"X"S"\"ZO"z Y"P"p _Y"pf"P"p T"OY"s: E"SE"tL>_Y" B"sN"B"N"@P"pX"uL>S"G"T"p, B"sN"pS"pz
B"N": _"X"t`: O"_Y" @P"p O"_Y"p pX"uL>S"z {{{:, O"Y"p G"T"pu&b"Zp\"w{f"Y"_Y"p:, _"p,
T"sS": {@zW"tO"p, G"T"pT"s^T"EF>pY"p G"T"pY"p: T"s^T"z O"EF>pY"p Y"_Y"p: _"p, T"sS"_O"pX"u\" {\"{"S"{>,
_"p @p, Y"QB"p_"rS"pY"p Y"_Y"p {G"pO"pY"p B"u p_"rS"puT"{\">p O"_Y"p: _"Z_\"OY"p W"pZOY"p
X"t{O": _\"T"z X"p{N"Y"\"T"s^"p X"p{N"Y"_Y" "vpuOT""pu{Ò"@Z"_Y" \"T"s^"p _\"T"uN" T"qZN"X"{O"
T"qZN"pX"z T"pT"np{u O" $ _\"W"p\"R"\"p@pZp _"Z_\"O"r O\"{"Y"p ZO"pX"pT""p $ {@z{\"R"p X"t{O":,
_U{J>@^"QEF>EF>{\"X"Y"r _U{J>@_Y" ^"O"o T"p^"pN"_O"QEF>p {S"X"p F>{\"Y"_Y"p: _"p $
Qu\"r\"QS"pXW"puG"u _"\"Qp _"Z_\"O"rX"t{O"\"_"O"rOY"pB"X"Z`_Y"X"o $$ 64 $$
uzw
u UP. u u Gx w
UQ.(64)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
{G"pX"sOT"bu "X"pN"pu \"N"Y"{O" - {\"dpSO"{X"{O" $ {\"dpSO"{X"{O" {@Y"p{\""u^"N"z, {S"ZSO"Z{X"OY"P": $ B"sN"B"N"@P"pY"p pX"Lu S> "X"WY"p_" \" T"Zz @u\"z Y"_Y"p
OY"pZO"pY"pz ùO"s:$ G"\"pT"s^T"z {"\"pB"pZpAY"z O"_Y"u\" F>pY"p @p{SO"Y"_Y"p: _"p $
G"\"uOY"e" @u{E"O"o G"T"u{O" T"K>{SO", O"SX"SQz, @pu"u \"pSO""VQT"@ZN"u G"\"p"VQ_Y" T"pK>pO"o $
OT"bu "pSO"ZX"p` - Y"{Q{O" $ Y"_Y"p_O"\"pB"u p_"rS"pY"p T"{\">pY"p: _"Z_\"OY"p X"w{O": Qu`pu
X"p{N"Y"\"T"s^"p X"p{N"Y"T"uN" T"qZN"X"O"rOY"sOT"bu "p $ T"qZN"pX"ùO"sz \"QS"o X"t{O"| {\"{"S"{> _U{J>@T"p Y"p ^"f"O"o F>pY"p F>{\": @p{SO"_O"SX"Y"r O"OT"E"sZOu Y"P": $ Y"p Y"EF>VQpu&e"
{G"p{\""u^"N"X"o $ T"b"Y"u&{T" O"EF>VQpRY"p`pZuN"pS\"Y": $$ 64 $$
uzu\vP
Eu UP. (64)
Zp {G"p - ]u |US
163
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
{\"dpSO"{X"{O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ ! T"OY"s: _\"p{X"S"pu X"`pQu\"_Y" B"sN"B"N"G"T"pX"{u L>O"G"L>p,
B"sN"B"N"_Y" R"X"c"pS"\"vZpBY"v"Y"p{QB"sN"@QXV"@_Y" G"T"_Y" @P"pY"p p\"O"S"_Y" Y"QpX"Lu S> "z
T"sS": T"sS"ZS"sp> S"X"o $ pX"Lu S> "z {{z OY"X"Z: $ O"uS" G"L>p O"Z"VQB"`N"\"vX"sAY"uS"
O"Qu@S"pX"B"`N"X"pe"puT"b"N""{@p $ T"sS": {@zW"tO"p ? G"T"pT"s^T"EF>pY"p $ G"T"p G"\"p O"P"pvLz>~
_Y"pSX"SQpZX"{O"T"pJ>X"o $ {O" {\""T"@p": $ G"T"pT"s^T"_Y" F>pY"u\" F>pY"p Y"_Y"p: _"p
O"P"pup O"\" {G"p O"psO"p _"p _"\"puO @w>_"pvSQY"_"pZpdY"W"tO"p _"O"r G"Y"{O" _"\"puO @w>O"Y"p
\"O"O"u $ T"sS"_O"pX"u\" {G"pz {\"{"S"{> - Y"QB"p_"rS"pY"p: Y"_Y"p {G"pO"pY"p B"u "W"pB"u
p_"rS"pY"p T"{\">pY"p: _"Z_\"OY"p: W"B"\"OY"p: W"pZOY"p:, _U{J>@^"QEF>EF>{\"X"Y"r
{\"X"puT"R"\""puW"p_"zT"tN"p X"t{O": "ZrZz,X"p{N"Y"\"T"s^"p X"p{N"@pvpuOT""pu{Ò"@Z"_\"T"uN" T"qZN"X"{O" $ pX"sT"t\"T"_Y" T"pSO"ZpT"{f": T"qZN"pX": $ O\"{"pO"pT"pJ>{X"_"zT"Q: T"{O"{V"XV"uS" _\"W"p\"R"\"p@pZp _"Z_\"O"rO"S"s: {O"ZO"pX"pT""p Y"O":,
O"O" \" ùO"pu: O"\" E"@{_"z`p_"S"O"wO"rY"p\"ZN"p>pZX"NL>_P"p \"{"SY"pQY"pu \"pBQu\"O"p >pv
{_"SQmZ_"pvSQY"O"S"s_"pvSQY"p {O" _"@pB"X"T"{_"{: $ O\"{"pB"u Y"p _"Z_\"O"r _"{"{Ò"p
_"v\" O"{O@ZN"T"pJ>p@pZpZ\"N"p \"{"SY"p{QT"uN" V"{`Zp\"ZN"Qu\"O"pO\"uS" W"B"\"O"rz _"u\"O"u $
z E" - O"O" \" _"X"sQWm "tO"p: O"_Y"pX"u\" @wO"pY"p:$ O"O_\"T"p_O"OT"O"pT"p S"\"p\"ZN"Qu\"O"p: $$ {O" $$ 64 $$
isi
u u, b, U, Ia u Sn[Pz
u vz v USQ. \Uzv x Bn
uuP ] u Gmk UuP v i.
AP ]y {zv G BP T. CP uhx u,
C BuPU Psh. uzv uUS J. u
B CPh Esk. (64)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
{\"dpSO"{X"{O" - ù G"S"{S" ! O"\" {G"p Z_"S"p {\"G"Y"O"u $ T"OY"s: {"\"_Y" {\"dpSO"z
{S"ZSO"Zz B"sN"B"N"@P"pY"p R"X"c"pS"\"vZpBY"v"Y"p{QG"T"S"_Y" pX"Lu S> "uS"p\"O"S"uS" G"L>p O"Z"VQB"`N" \"vX"sAY"uS" O"Qu@S"pX"B"`N"X"pe"puT"b"N""{@p G"T"pT"s^T"EF>p> Y"p pvLT>~ "s^T"@p{SO":$ Y"_Y"p {G"pY"p: B"u p_"rS"pY"p T"{\">pY"p: _"Z_\"OY"p X"t{O":, _U{J>@^"O"o
_U{J>@T"p^"pN"z, O"QEF>p {\"X"p _\"EF>p F>{\": @p{SO": O"SX"Y"r O"sp, X"p{N"Y"\"T"s^"p
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -65
164
X"p{N"Y"_"X"pS"T"uN" T"qZN"X"{O", "uO"z T"z OY"O\"p Zz T"z {V"W"O"r{O" W"p\": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u

- T"OY"s: T"p@_Y" O"\" G"S"S"z T"pQlW"p\"pu Qu`T"qZB"`pu&_Y"p_O"r{O" G"S"S"r O"_Y" G"S"{S"S":
@wO"Qu`T"qZB"`_Y", {G"p {\"G"Y"O"u $ G"S"S"r{O" T"t\"\"{^N"s_"zV"puR"S"X"o $ "u^"z _"X"pS"X"o $$ 64 $$
Pu
u UP. q & EPU PUP u (|{)
Au } v. Ex Pua \v B UP u PmP
B. w. (64)
pS"SQ`Zr
{\"dpSO"{X"{O" $ ù G"S"{S" O"\" {G"p {\"G"Y"O"u $ @"r - {\"dpSO"z {S"ZSO"Zz
T"OY"sX"ù "XY" B"sN"pS"pX"v"Y"pQrS"pz B"N"p: _"X"t`p:, O"u^"pz Y"p: @P"p_O"p_"pX"pX"Lu S> "uS" T"sS":T"sS":
@P"S"uS" G"L>p SY""VQB"`N"T"ZpDoX> "sA"r, G"T"u{O" T"pKu> O"Qu\" X"Se"G"T"T"pu Y"_Y"p: _"p O"P"p $
G"T"pT"s^T"_Y" puLT>~ "s^T"_Y"u\" F>pY"p @p{SO": Y"_Y"p: _"p O"P"p, {O"Z\"N"u{ O" W"p\": $ Y"_Y"p
{G"pY"p B"u p_"rS"pY"p T"{\">pY"p: _"Z_\"OY"p X"t{O": "ZrZz X"p{N"Y"\"T"s^"p
X"p{N"Y"\"pu{Ò"_\"T"O"Y"p T"qZN"pX"z T"pT"np{u O" $ @"r X"tqO": _U{J>@T"pY"p ^"Q:
T"p^"pN"_Y"u\" Y"p EF>p "sW"p F>{\": @p{SO": O"SX"Y"r V"`lO"ZO"sp $ pX"Lu S> "z {{{qZOY"X"Z: $$ 64 $$
Bu
u UP. (64)
*
ZN"u {G"O\"p QvOY"pS"o 1T"O"{"Zv: @\"{E"{W":

{S"\"wf"v"NL>pz"2 {e"T"sZ`Z{S"X"pY"{\"X"sA"v: $
3
{\""pA"uSpuT"uSv: "{"{\""Q4@T"tZ"@p:5
{\"rY"SO"u6 X"pO"_O"\" \"QS"O"pXV"t@V"p:7 $$ 65 $$
n z uz
Au ]z: P]:
{zua \sh\ 2 z { P: >

3
\Pzz: \]\u 4 P \P: 5

u 6 u u u| u P: 7 >> 65
O"pXV"t@\"p: - uU P
165
1.T"qZO" u T"O" Eu, 2.E"NLpzps,E"Spzps, \sh_, \z_,

3. {\"qZ"rSpu g^z. 4. {p{pZ ]], 5. R"\"p: u:, 6. {\"{TY"SO"u {\"sTY"SO"u
u, u, 7. p@p: \P:, @{Np@p: PoP:,
u:& u:& u! n & uz z & AP
{zu: v x P]: P\zxh,
\sh\z {P: \siP\US Ezu vzu
] {uzv B \P (g]) Cz Ez:
SP () Cv CP, \] \uP \P: \v
\ a\U PzxskP Psh; u & Ex, u|u
P: mh uUP[P (EshP) u (u &
u) [P Q.
PiPu PzvPu, uuR u u
|[P { .
bX"rR"Zp
ZN"u Y"s,u {G"O\"p T"Zp{G"O"pS"o @wO\"p QvOY"pS"o, T"O"{"Zv: T"O"p{S"
{"Zpu\"uS> "p{S" Y"v_O"v: _\"p{X"@pY"{S"\"O"S"pS"SO"Zz _"u\"@pS"pz ZpG"_"zX"sA"u T"N"pX"\"upY"pz
^N"r^"{"Zp{Q@z {S"X"sE Y" T"N"pX": @O"\Y" {O" T"qZT"pJ>r; O"pz T"qZT"pJ>rX"p{dOY"p`T"O" {pZvqZ{O" $ @\"{E"{W":\"X"Y"sv :, {S"\"wf"v: Y"sp{"\"wf"v: E"NL>pz "{e"T"sZ`Z{S"X"pY"{\"X"sA"v: E"NLpz> ": E"NL>W"pB": E"NL>pu S"pX" T"X"P": O"_Y" W"pB": _" \" {e"T"sZ`Z_Y"
{S"X"pY"z _\"r@wO"p\"{"z> B"SR"O"pXV"tp{Q O"e" {\"X"sA"v:$ `Z{S"X"pY"z T"qZOY"pGY"X"o
OY"p{Q_X"wO"Y": E"NL>pz "T"`Z{S"X"pY"{S"^"uR"T"Zp OY"\"B"SO"\Y"{X"{O" V"puR"Y"{SO" $
{\""pA"uSpuT"uSv: {\""pA": _"uS"pS"r:, Y"sû "s O"_Y"v\" T"pX"sAY"{X"OY"B"u B"N"S"p, Spu X"ùS:
T"uS: {\"^N"s: O"v: "{"{\""Q@T"tZ "@p: E"S\"{"Qp: @T"tZ "@p: C"S"_"pZA"NL>p:
Y"u^"pz O"u $ {\"rY"SO"u {\"Y"S"z {@Y"SO"u $ X"pO":$ ù G"S"{S" ! O"\" \"QS"O"pXV"t@V"p:
\"QS"{S"B"O"p_O"pXV"t@V"p:$ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù X"pO": ! ZN"u QvOY"pS"o {G"O\"p T"O"{"Zv: @\"{E"{W": {S"\"wO"v: E"NL>pz "{e"T"sZ`Z{S"X"pY"-{\"X"sA"v: {\"ppA"uSpuT"uSv: p{p{\"pQ @T"tZ p@p: O"\" \"QS"O"pXV"t @\"p: {\"rY"SO"u $ Y"X"P":-{\""pA"uSpuT"uSp:
QvSY"pS"o _"zOY" W"B"\"OY"p: @sX"pZz T"sZ_@wOY" T"pQ\"SQS"pP"X"pB"OY" {"ZpNY"T"`pY"
T"pQpuT"_"DoB> "`N"X"@s\"S"o $ O"QS"SO"Zz T"_""p W"B"\"O"r ^"OA"p{QO"pS"o O"pXV"t@V"pS"o
{\"O"O"pZ $ O"O"@T"tZ "@{\"Y"S"T"Y"SO"z A"p{QO"\"SO": OY"sp O"p"pu&S"sB"`:
W"B"\"OY"p: @sX"pZ_\"p{X"SY"u\" $ Sp{Q^\"{T" p{E"O@: OY"{W"T"pY": $$ 65 $$
166
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -65
u
Pu Cv AP JkUQ (Pu
mk) u n[P, oUS H uPU P,
P\zxh u. ( ] n[Q) ]x uzv u
E \sh\UP G Enx, \sh\{ ]uzu
HP uh u. ]{ HPzuUPu G {
\sh\{zu Huz ukUP G. u n[Q Gu
Pu uUSz u u _zu uzu uP AUP
AP Au Uvh H P _zx [Q.
u A u Puh, h G x[SQx. (65)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
\"QS"z _O"pv{O" - ZN" {O" $ ù X"pO":, ZN"u QvOY"pS"o {G"O\"p, T"O"{"Zv:
\"O"pqZO"{"ZpN"v: @\"{E"{W": P"r@wO"@\"E"v: {S"\"wf"v: E"NL>pz "{e"T"sZ`Z{S"X"pY"{\"X"sA"v:$ E"NL>_Y"v\"pz"pu W"pB": O"mT"z Y"O"o {"\"{S"X"pY"z, O"pu ùO"pu: O"{X"sA"v:
{\"{Z"rSpuT"uSv:, "{"{"{"Z@T"tZ R"\"p: O"\" \"QS"O"pXV"t"@p: {\"{TY"SO"u $ ZN"dpSO"v: {\"qZY"p{Q{W": dX"T"qZ`pZpY" O"\" \"QS"@T"tZ {X"dO"pXV"t"@p {\"{b"TY"SO" {O"
_\"W"p\"pu{: $ @T"tZ "@p {O" {E"OT"pK>: $ E"NL>pz "s{e"T"sZ`Z{S"X"pY"{\"X"sA"vqZ{O" T"pK>:
{E"O"o $ X"`pQu\"{"Z:{_P"O"E"S@pvX"sQrz {"\"{S"X"pY"{X"{O" OY"O\"p O"pXV"t"@p \"
{\"{TY"SO" {O" pu@pP": $ O"pXV"tB"sN"\"N"S"uS" W"B"\"OY"p \"QS"_"pvW"pBY"z _O"sO"X"uO"p\"O"p
$$ 65 $$
Uzu
Puhzv {Q. (g^z) P\zuz
uzvUPQ. AQ ]x ] \v Ja ]
{ G JxUQ uU P Ehx (\u )
]UPsh. (65)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
\"QS"_"pvSQY"X"{W"\"Q{O" - ZN" {O" $ e" _"@p V""{\"^N\"r"p: _\"p{R"@pZv@{b"O"p:$ O"O_"sO"p_O"O_"sO"z {\""X"O": _"@X"pO"w@p $ V""{\"^N"sX"`pQu\"p _Y"p: T"se"p
\"ZpS"S"u $$ OY"ppB"X"\"E"S"uWY"pu {\"^N\"pQrS"pz Qu\"rT"se"O\"z {_"\"O@wOY"p` - ù X"pO":
G"S"{S" ! G"B"SX"pO"wO\"pQu\" _\"X"pO"wO\"z {_"{X"{O" pu@O"pOT"Y"{S"N"Y"p{QQz _"zV"puR"S"X"o $ ZN"u
Y"s,u QvOY"pS"o Zpb"_"pS"o, {G"O\"p {\"{G"OY", T"O"{"Zv: T"pY"S"r@wO"O"QrY""r^"v: ;
O"pXV"t@\"p: - uU P
167
"r^"NY"p E" {"Zz E" OY"X"Z: $ pu@u \"rZW"J>p ZN"pY" B"O"p: _"SO": "e"tS"o {\"{G"OY",
O"QrY""r^"NY"p{Q@z T"W"s_"X"rT"z T"OY"pS"Y"{SO" _\"T"Zp@X"T"@J>S"pP"{X"{O" T"{_"{: $
T"O"u{O" T"pKu&> TY"Y"X"u\"pP": $ Y"p ZN"u QvOY"pS"o {G"O\"p&&B"OY" T"O"{"Zv: S"X"_@pZpE"ZN"pP"X"T"S"rO"_\"@Y""r^"NY"v: $ {\"G"Y"VR"pZpu \"rZW"J>p: T"W"s_"X"rT"u _\"{"Z:{_P"O"{"ZpN"X"sOw Y" \"_P"pTY" S"X"_@pZp{N" @s\"SO"r{O" T"{_"{: $ @\"E"p Y"u^"pz _"SO"r{O"
@\"{E"S": O"v:, X"s@\"E"vqZOY"P": $ {S"\"wf"v: {S"O"Zpz \"wf"v: V"sW"s{b"O"vqZOY"P": $ P"p{T"
E"NL>pu S"pX" T"X"P":, O"_Y"pz"pu W"pB": O"mT"z Y"O"o {e"T"sZ`Z{S"X"pY"z {"\"_"zW"sp\""u{^"O"\Y"z
O"_X"pQo {\"X"sA"v: T"Zp\"wf"v: $ {T"O"sX"`pQu\"_Y" E"NLu> "Zv@pz"W"tO"{S"X"pY"O\"pQS"`| X"X" S"v\"u{X"{O" O"{QO"ZpW"puGY"O\"p" O"{"X"pY"pQpS"u&S"pQZ\"{qZOY"P": $ {\""pA"uSpuT"uSv: @sX"pZ
X"ùS{\"^N\"{W"R"pS"v: T"se"v: $ "{"{\""Q@T"tZ "@p: O"u W"\"OY"p \"QS"{_P"O"p: O"pXV"t@\"p: \"r{J>B"p_"p: {\"rY"SO"u _\"r{@Y"SO" OY"P": $ e" _\"W"p\"pu{ZpZ: $ O"uS" E"
Qu\Y"p pu@p{O""p{Y"O"z T"se"\"pO_"Y"z O"u^"pX"TY"@s{NK>O"_"pX"PY"\"f\"z E" _"tEY"O"u $$ 65 $$
Anv
zvPUS } u. Au EQ u }. Au G u
Th. u ! Pu u A AP uP (Qh
uu)U PoUPPU Psk x. (Eu ]z:)
n[Su i uPU P. (Au ]z)
P ] AvPQ iu. ({zu:) ]{zu
\siP\ [PQmhu Auz uzu. Au } Azu E
u u Pzu H. u z Cu
|S kQx. (65)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
ZN"u {G"O\"u{O" $ ù X"pO":, O"p"p_O"\" \"QS"O"pXV"t"@p:{e"{\"R"T"qZO"pT"{S"\"O"S"uS" _"\"pP"_"pR"@p \"pO_"Y"puT"Q"@p" $ O"" {\"qZ"uSpuT"uSv:$ _\"pu^"s
{\"{TY"SO"u $ O"pXV"tpuT"S"u ùO"sX"p` $ "{"{"{"Z@T"tZ R"\"p:, "{"\"{EF>{"Zp:
T"ZX"{"{"Zp Y"u O"pXV"tpSO"B"O"W"s@T"tZ A"NL>p: O"vR"\"p: $ O"pzV"tX"RY"u V"`lO"Z@T"tZ {X"dN"pf"pXV"t_Y" {"{"ZO\"X"s"vR"\"O\"z E" $ uT"S"u {S"{X"f"X"p` - {@zb"N"v: {\"qZY"p{Q{W": ZN"u QvOY"pS"o {G"O\"p {S"\"wf"v: T"Zp\"wf"v: T"sS": @"v:, T"O"{"Zv: _"zB"pX"u
X"pu`S"pEF>e"tS"o T"pO"{Y"O\"p, O"u^"pz {"Zp{N" X"@sJ>p{S" T"O"p{S" Y"v_O"v:, P"\"p @pY"_Y"
G"pO"O\"pO"o dX"puOT"pQ@O\"p" _\"@Y"pSY"u\" {"ZpNY"\"O"pqZO"p{S" Y"v_O"v: $ T"sS": {@z{\"R"v:,
168
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -65
@\"{E"{W": _"O"S"se"v:, O" \" dpSO"vqZ{O" c"pO"\Y": $ Y"z W"p\":- _"V""e"s_"tQS"pY" _"zB"pX"u
T"{_P"O"u _"zB"pX"pS"s@t {"ZpN"O"S"se"pN"pz "ZrZu R"pZN"pO"o O"sz , Y"su {@Y"X"pN"u$ "e"s^"s
X"pqZO"u^"s X"`pS"o dX"pu G"pO" {O" dX"pT"S"puQpY" X"pO"p{T"e"pu: T"p"X"sT"Y"p{SO" T"se"pQY": $ O"P"p
"rO"puT"E"pZuN" dX"pT"S"puQS"X"s{Y" {T"e"pu: @wO"@pY"O"Y"p _"SO"pu^"X"s{Y" O"O@O"w@ z \"pO_"Y"z
E"pu{Y" V""pQY": {"\""OY"pu: {T"e"pu: T"p"X"pB"OY" W"\"OY"puO_"wp> _O"pzV"t"@p:
@T"tZ
v p{QS"p {X"{dO"p {O" T"ZX""rO"p T"WY" O"pS"u\" _\"pu^"s {\"{XT"{SO" _X"u{O" $
B"s{EF>>z S" Qpu^": _Y"pO"o $ O"_O"e" {\"c"pS"z S"p{_O" $ S"S"s O"{` X"`pQu\"_Y" @sO"pu S"?
E"NLpz> "{e"T"sZ`Z{S"X"pY"{\"X"sA"v:, {e"T"sZ`Z_Y" Y"p\"p{"X"pY"W"pB":, O"p\"pS"o ENL>S"pX"npu
B"N"_Y"u{O" O"O"pu {\"X"sA"v: X"`pQu\""ZrZpQoQZm rW"tO": T"s^T"p{QW"pB"pu {S"X"pY"z, O"f"s _"\"|
E"NL>_Y"v\"u{O", SY"_Y"pz": @P"z B"p {O" O"O"pu {\"X"sA"p OY"P": $ {E""Spz"s{e"T"sZ`Z{S"X"pY"{\"X"sA"vqZ{O" T"pK>:, O"Qp E"Spz"\""S{@ZN"p: Y"{T" "rO"p:
pTY"pY"@p" O"P"pTY"_T"wY"p:, X"`pQu\"{S"X"pY"O\"p{Q{O" O"O"pu {\"X"sA"v:, E"Spz"sb"N"z
Y"{Oe"T"sZ`Z{S"X"pY"z O"_X"p{X"sA"p_O"v:, {S"X"pY"p"pu Qf"X"o $ ZN"u {G"O\"u{O" T"_Y"
Z`_Y"pP":- ZN" {O" $ QvOY"pS"o uz {"Z: _\"p`p v: rz @\"{E"{W": `l,z {S"X"pY"{\"X"sA"v:
{EF>X> "pO"q {\"qZ"uSpuT"uSv: z, E"NL> E"NL> \"`Zp` X"pO"X" {"{"Z@ {\"{TY"SO"u Y"e"
@T"tZ ZuU {"{"Z {O" $ O"uS" X"`pE"NL>Y"puB"u"Y"p: _\"p`pSO"pu X"S"sZY"z {S"X"pY"\"p{_"SY"p: Y"z
O"e" T"tGY"O"u O"u^"p{X"{O" X"O"X"o $ uz rz `mz {EF>X> "pO"q E"NL> E"NL> X"`pE"NLu> "qZ _\"p`p $
{EF>X> "pO"rX"Se"pupZ: $$
BuQ
u ! Ex Su uU P Azz & Avu &
Avuu[P AP. E Az u. Au
(g\) u. Au Eh x ]UPQ.
(u) \v Sa] FmkQ a\P Psh
u. GvP UQ APx uPP zx
x. P u uPP AP. Pzxz
v uP h P w An En u
u . C[S ] \Uv Ax . P H u
P u P Cuu Eh x ]UPQ.
S Ga] Pux Sx. u {
\sh\UP Ex. Au u {zu H. Ea]hu[Q
v x. I z Ea]hu[Q \sh \sh
\sha . G v. (65)
O"pXV"t@\"p: - uU P
169
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
W"B"\"OY"p V""{\"^N\"pQY"pu Qu\"p: T"se"p \", O"{EF>p> Tu "W"puB"Q"S"p{QOY"pB"X"T"pX"p{N"@X"P"|
@P"Y"{O" - ZN"u {O" $ ù X"pO": {\""pA"uSpuT"uSv:, {\""pA": @p{O"@uY":, S: T"sZSQZ:,
T"uSpu {\"^N"s:, {W"_O"\" W"\"OY"p: \"QS"O"pXV"t@V"p: {\"sTY"SO"u `X"`{X"@Y"p _\"r@wO"p:
{@Y"SO" OY"P": $ {@z{\"R"p_O"pzV"t@V"p:, "{"{\""Q@T"tZ"@p: "{"\"{"Qp{S"
@T"tZ"@p{S" C"S"_"pZA"NL>p{S" Y"u^"s O"u O"P"pup:, {@zW"tO"v: {\""pA"uSpuT"uSv: ZN"u QvOY"pS"o
{G"O\"p {S"\"wf"v: T"Zp\"wf"v: T"sS"ZT"O"{"Zv: T"O"pSY"pS"rO"p{S" "e"tN"pz {"Zp{N" X"s@sJ>p{S"
Y"v_O"u, T"sS": @\"{E"{W": \"X"Y"sv: T"sS""NLpz>"{e"T"sZ`Z{S"X"pY"{\"X"sA"v:, E"NL>_Y"pz"pu W"pB"pu
Y"{T"sZ`Z_Y" _"Qp{"\"_Y" {S"X"pY"z, O"e" {\"X"sA"p_O"v: `Z{S"X"pY"z T"qZOY"pGY"{X"{O" $ O"\"
\"QS"p{"B"O"O"pXV"t@V"p: _\"r@wO"p {O" W"p\": $$ 65 $$
uzw
Pu Cv E uP. Au E x
mh u Pzu Am uP H. UP
EP Pshu. (65)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
drW"\"pSY"p \"QS"O"pzV"tp{S" Qu\"Qu\"pS"pX"{T" QlW"pS"r{O" @P"Y"S"o W"\"pS"rz _O"pv{O"- ZN"u
{O"$ "{""@_""p{S" Y"p{S" @T"tZp{N" O"vR"\"p \"QS"O"pzV"t"@p: {\"sTY"SO"u, T"_""Y"p
O\"Y"p Qf"p \"QS"O"pz V "t A"NL> p X"`pT" _ "pQ {O" V"s p W"bY"SO" OY"P" : $ T" _ "pQu S "
\"QS"O"pzV"tQpS"u ùO"sX"p` - ZN"u {G"O\"u{O" $ T"qZO"z {"Zz {"ZpN"z Y"v_O"u, O"P"p O"v: $ O"uS"
W"B"\"OY"p {S"X"pY"X"qO"T"{\"e"X"S"p\"wO"{"Z_"p W"pu\Y"{X"{O" Q{"O"z W"\"{O" $ {S"\"wf"v: T"OY"pB"O"v:
E"NL>pz "s{e"T"sZ`Z{S"X"pY"{\"X"sA"vqZOY"S"uS" W"B"\"OY"p @pSO"W"O\"z {\"qZ"uSpuT"uSpN"pz Q{"O"X"o$
{e"T"sZ`Z_Y" _"\"u"ZO\"pO"o, _"\"puT"p_Y"O\"pO"o {S"X"pY"z W"bY"O\"uS" T"p"z T"_"pQz {\"X"sA"T"QuS"
\"pY"O"u $ E"NL>pz"pu: _"tY"_Y", X"`pQu\"p{W"T"pY"uN" >\Y"X"o $ {W"f"z "@A"NLu> \"p T"sz_"rOY"X"Z:
$$ 65 $$
uzu\vP
u ! E x uP uPUS Ax. }
Ah uu Au u u mk
[Q. uz xo zv uzvS Hv Gu
uP AP. ]x uzu Pn Pmiz uzx E
170
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -66
uzu H. UP u. (65)
{L>[NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
W"B"\"OY"p V""{\"^N\">pQY"pu Qu\"p: T"se"p \", O"Ql{EF>p> Tu "W"puB"Q"S"pO"o OY"pB"X"T"X"pN"{_"X"P"| \"N"Y"{O" - ZN"u {G"O\"u{O" $ ZN"u Y"su QvOY"pS"o Qu\""e"tS"o {G"O\"p T"qZW"tY", T"O"{"Zv: T"O"p{S" "e"tN"pz {"Zp{N" X"s@s J>p{S", Y"v_O"P"puv : $ ZN"u "e"tS"o {G"O\"p
O"QrY"X"s@s J>p{Q{E"pT"S"Y"S"z \"rZX"p`pOXY"puO"S"z W"\"O"rOY"S"uS"p{W"{Ò"X"o $ @\"{E"{W":
pX"s\"X"{W":, {S"\"wf"v: _"X"ZO": T"OY"p\"wf"v:, O" \" V"sW"s{b"O"v:, {T"O"sX"`pQu\"_Y"
E"NLu> "Zv@pz"W"tO"O\"pO"o {EF>W> "puG"S"p{X"sA"v:, O" \" E"NL>pz "{e"T"sZ`Z{S"X"pY"{\"X"sA"v:$ E"NL>_Y"pz""NL>pz ":, {e"T"sZ`Z_Y" {S"X"pY"z {e"T"sZ`Z{S"X"pY"z, O"e" {\"X"sA"v:,
SY"puT"VR"W"pB"O"Y"p {S"Z_O"T"OY"p"v:, {\""pA"uSpuT"uSv: {\""pA"" @p{O"@u Y"", S"
T"sZSQZ", T"uS" {\"^N"s", O"vX"`p\"rZv: "{"{\""Q@T"tZ "@p: E"S\"EFs> \"N"p:
@T"tZ "@p: {`X"\"ps@A"NL>e"Y"puT"uO"p: O"P"pup:, O"\" \"QS"O"pXV"t@{N"@p:
\"e"O"pXV"tT"rY"t^"{\"l^": {\"sTY"SO"u `X"`{X"@Y"p _\"r{@Y"SO"u OY"P": $ Y"Ql{EF>W> "pu{G"S"pu Y"u W"\"{SO" O"QW"tO"p_O"u T"se"pQY"_O"mT"p \"u{O" {S""Y": $ O" \" _"@G"S"S"rOY"pB"X"u^"s T"{_"{: $ _"@p V""{\"^N\"r"p: _\"p{R"@pZv@p{IF>O"p: $ O"O_"sO"p:
O"O_"sO"z {\""z O": _"@X"pO"w@p $$ _"\"p{O""{Y"O"Y"p V""pQrS"pz _"zT"Qpu W"B"\"OY"p
{EF>p> Tu "W"puB"_"zT"fY"v\" _"zT"wp G"pY"SO"u $$ 65 $$
isi
u! }zu uPzu | v v G vUPsk
H [Q u. Cu AP ] .
. (65)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
ZN"u {G"O\"u{O" $ ù X"pO":, ZN"u Y"su Qu\""e"tS"o {G"O\"p T"qZW"tY", T"O"p{S" OY"p{S"
{"Zp{N" X"s@s J>p{S" Y"v:, @\"{E"{W": X"s\"X"{W":, {S"\"wf"v: _"X"ZO": T"Zp\"wf"v:, E"NL>_Y"
E"NLu> "Z_Y" Y"pu&z "pu W"pB": {e"T"sZ`Z{S"X"pY"z O"e" {\"X"sA"v:, {"\"{S"X"pY"_Y"pW"bY"O\"pO"o,
{\"qZ"rSpuT"uSv: V""uS{\"^N"s{W": "{"{"{"Z@T"tZ R"\"p: "{"\"O"o {"{"Z"rO"pu Y":
@T"tZ :, O"uS" R"\"p: "uO"p:; "{""@@T"tZ R"\"p OY"{T" T"pK>: $ O"e" "{""@z E"SA"NL>:, @T"tZ " O"\"p OY"P": $ O"\" \"QS"O"pzV"t"@p: {\"sTY"SO"u `X"`{X"@Y"p
B"wSO" OY"P":$ {\"^N"sT"b"u - X"pO": bX"rO":, {S"\"wf"v: O\"Q{_P"O"bX"r{S"X"pY"z
\"ppR"sY"X"o - \
171
T"qZOY"GY" O\"{"X"pY"z T"pQQO" OY"P": $ Y"p X"p O": {O" FuQ> : $ {e"T"sZ`Z{S"X"pY"{\"X"sA"v: X"p _"` Y"O": "{""@@T"tZ R"\"p: O"pu {\"sTY"SO"u OY"P": $ T"
_"X"rT"u Spu {\"O"u Y"_Y"p_"p\"sT"uSpu G"Y"SO"p{Q: $$ 65 $$
Pu
UP uu. qzv u: {zu:
uzu HP ]{zu HP E Amuzu
H. Ev & Cv P u u. (65)
pS"SQ`Zr
ZN"u {O" $ ù X"pO"_O"\" \"QS"O"pzV"t"@p: X"sA"_"zV"{SR"E"{\"O"T"tB"Up{QA"NL>p:,
"@p OY"e" @{N"@p {O" T"pKu> {V"SQ\" OY"P": $ {\"qZ"rSpuT"uSv: V""uS {\"^Nps{W":
{\"sTY"SO"u Bpw`rO\"p {S":pu^"r{@Y"SO"u OY"P": $ {\"qZ"rOY"e" {\""pA"u{O" T"pKu> @p{O"@u Y": $
@"v:, ZN"u Y"su QvOY"pS"o {G"O\"p {S"\"wf"v: T"Zp\"wf"v:, T"O"p{S" V"pO"o B"w`rO"p{S"
{"Zp{N" "e"tN"pz X"@sJ>p{S" Y"v:, @\"{E"{W": OY"_""p`v:, E"NL>pz ": E"NLu> "ZW"pB"T"z
Y"O"o {e"T"sZ`Z_Y" {"\"_Y" {S"X"pY"z O"e" {\"X"sA"v: B"`N"p{"\"wf"v:$ E"NLu> "Zz {\"S"p {"\"{S"X"pY"u&SY"_Y"pS"{R"@pZpO"o $ _"uS"pT"{O"_\"W"p\"\"N"S"{X"QX"o $ @"p: "@p:, "{"\"O"o
E"SO"sY"z {\""Qz {S"X"z Y"O@T"tZ z O"uS" R"\"p: "sp:, @T"tZ V"p`lY"pO"o "sW"O"p $ R"\"p OY"e"
"@p {O" T"pKu> O"p"_Y" @T"tZ _Y" "@p: A"NL>p Y"e"u{O" V"`l\"r{`:$ "{"{"{"ZuOY"{T"
{E"OT"pK>:, {"{"Zz "rO"X"o $ "{""@u{O" T"pKu> "{"A"NL>O"sY"z Y"O@T"tZ z OY"P":
$$ 65 $$
Bu
uP[P \v \ a\U P Pu.
(\]\uP \P:) \v Su P Pu (\] ]]P
u:) u UP. (65)
*
{\"T""p B"pY"SO"r {\"{\"R"X"T"QpS"z1 T""sT"O"u:2

O\"Y"p&&ZVR"u \"O"sz E"{O"{"Z_"p3 _"pR"s\"E"S"u4 $
O"QrY"vX"pR"sY "vZ T"5{T"O"O"Se"r@Z\"pz
{S"G"pz \"rN"pz \"pN"r {S"E"sY"{O" E"puuS" {S"W"wO"X"o $$ 66 $$
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -66
172
ga Pw uu| 1 _u: 2
zu Ux \u] 3 x\| 4 >
uwx 5 uuzP
{ n p {_v \| {u >> (66)
1. \"QpS"z \"QpO"z, Au Auu, 2. T"sZqZT"pu: :, 3. _A"{O"\"E"_"p
{O"\"E"_"p
UPu\ u\ 4. \"QS"u
\"E"S"v:
u| \: 5. T"`{_"O"
u.
u:& _u:& _v ] u Au (Au
Auu) umh & P, ga Pw & nh
iUPsiUQ; p w \u]z umkQ E,
x\| Ux Bzu & mk Tzuh[Qx uw: x:
Aumk C; Au uz & P & (n)
P]UP uv JPsh; n n \| & E {u
|S {_v & kQ.
{
x
{zu
Pa\,
P,
P|v, P u u |[P { .
bX"rR"Zp
{\"T"Y"p \"rN"Y"p, B"pY"SO"r B"pS"z @s\"SO"r, {\"{\"R"z S"u@T"@pZz {e"T"sZ{\"G"Y"Qb"Y"pB"R\"z_"`pp`R"pZN"G"SR"Z\"R"B"G"p_"sZ\"R"p{Q@z, T"QpS"z \"wf"z @X", T"psT"O"u:
"Z_Y" O\"Y"p W"\"OY"p, pZVR"u T"@pSO"u _"{O", \"O"sz {S"B"{QO"s,z E"{O"{pZ_"p
SO"__"SO"pu^"\""pO"o _\"Y"z {"Z:@XT"\"OY"p, _"pR"s\"E"S"u X"R"sZ\"E"S"u, O"QrY"v: O"_Y" \"E"S"_Y"
_"XV"{SR"{W":, X"pR"sY"v: X"pR"sY"B"sN"v: T"{T"O"O"Se"r@Z\"pz T"{T"O"p T"`{_"O"p:
_\"@Y"O"Se"r@Z\"p: Y"_Y"p: _"p O"pz {S"G"pz _\"@Y"pz, \"rN"pz {\"T""rz, \"pN"r W"pZO"r,
{S"E"sY"{O" {S"E"s\"O"rz @Zpu{O" $ {S"E"s: @tT"p_": $ E"puSu " E"pu: @tT"p_"{\""u^":
\"rN"p@tT"p_":$ E"puSu " {S"E"s\"O"rz @ZpuO"r{O" _"pX"pSY"{\""u^"W"p\"u, S" T"pvS"OY"X"o $ @u{E"f"s
W"puG"X"O"p\"{XV"S" p`l:- E"s{R"pO"s: {O"ZpuR"pS"\"pE"@ {O" $ {S"O"Zpz E"sY"{O"
pEF>pQY"O"rOY"P": $ {S"W"wO"z B"tM>z Y"P"p W"\"{O" O"P"p $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù W"B"\"{O" !
T""sT"O"u: {\"{\"R"z T"QpS"z {\"T"Y"p B"pY"SO"r O\"Y"p E"{O"{"Z_"p _"pR"s\"E"S"u \"O"sz pZVR"u
_"{O" O"QrY"v: X"pR"sY"v: T"{T"O"O"Se"r@Z\"pz {S"G"pz \"rN"pz \"pN"r E"puSu " {S"W"wO"z
{S"E"sY"{O"$ e"p{O""Y"pu{ZpZ:, \"rN"pY"p: {S"E"puS"p_"zV"SR"u&{T" _"zV"SR"@P"S"pO"o,
\"ppR"sY"X"o - \
173
Y": T"Zp{G"O"pu \"v{N"@: _\"\"rN"pz E"puSu " {S"E"sY"{O" O"uS" _"`pW"uQpRY"_"pY"T"O"rO"u: $$ 66 $$

u
_v u Pn Pmh uQ v ,
u & zu Qx u Ag\ nh
o hzuh[P, Ezx Buzu E u u Bh, C
mhz uh[Q. E S CUPv n
C|u APU PuuP Gso o u n Eh Au
Emk |S zu. (66)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
\"QS"z _O"sO\"p \"pN"rz _O"pv{O" - {\"T"Y"u{u O" $ {\"T""p {e"O"Se"r\"rN"Y"p,
{\"{\"R"X"T"QpS"z T"t\"\"wf"z {e"T"sZQ`S"p{Q V"`l{\"R"z @X", T""sT"O"uB"pY"SO"r $ T"sZqZT"puqZ{O" Y"s:
T"pK>: $ O\"Y"pZVR"u \"O"sz _A"{O"\"E"_"p ^"Q\Y"\"E"S"uS" O\"Y"p _"pR"l\"QS"u _"pR"s\"E"S"u
\"O"sX"pZVR"u _"{O" $ {O"\"E"_"u{O" {E"OT"pK>: $ O"QrY"vX"pR"sY"v: _"pR"s\"pQX"pR"sY"v:
T"{T"O"O"Se"r@Z\"pz {O"Z_@sO"O"Se"rX"R"sZO"Y"p, {S"G"pz \"rN"pz \"pN"r _"Z_\"O"r {S"E"sY"{O"
E"puz T"qZR"pT"Y"{O" $ O"O_"pR"s\"pQX"pR"sY"uN " X"X" {\"T""r@Z\"R\"{S": {@{"O@Z {O"
"Y"p E"puSu " {S"W"wO"z \"rN"pX"pEF>p{QO"\"O"rOY"P": $ e" _\"W"p\"pu{ZpZ: $$ 66 $$
Uzu
o n uvP Ex. Aumi v u
_v Ag\ C S o i. E mka \
C n AP JUQ u G Gso p E
S Gv n u Gso mQ Au
Emh. (66)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
O"QrY"z \"pDoX"pR"sY"| {\"W"p\"Y"{O" - {\"T"Y"u{O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ, q\"T"Y"p \"rN"Y"p $
{\"T""r _"p O"s O"Se"r{W": _""{W": T"qZ\"p{QS"r OY"X"Z: $ {\"{\"R"z S"pS"pT"W"uQ,z T""sT"O"u:
X"`pQu\"_Y", T"QpS"z T"Zp@X"G"pz, B"pY"SO"r, T"\"rNpY"SO"r \"pN"r \"pBQu\"O"p @e"r,
_\"B"pS"pS"SO"Zz, _"pR"s\"E"S"v: _"pR"s _"XY"BB"rO"z W"\"OY"p {O" B"rO"puT"pS"\"E"S"v: _"`,
E"{O"{"Z_"p @z{T"O"X"pvY"p, O\"Y"p \"O"sX"pZVR"u _"{O", O"ppz BprO"z {O"X"R"sZX"p_\"p{QO"z
T"ZX"{T" \"O_"u T"@pY"O"pz OY"u\"zT"uNp \"E"S"uS" \"sX"pZVR"u _"{O", O"QrY"v:
O"E"S"\"{O"{W"X"pR"sY"v: T"`{_"O"O"Se"r@Z\"pz, T"`{_"O": {O"Z_@wO": O"Se"rN"pz B"sN"pS"pz
174
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -66
@pu&\Y"X"R"sZ: Z\"pu S"pQpu Y"_Y"p: _"p, O"P"pupz {S"G"pz pOX"rY"pz V"rN"pz \"@z E"puSu "
pEF>pQS"T"QrT"@uS", {S"E"sY"{O" p\"wO"pz @Zpu{O" $ _"zB"rO"_"X"p{"X"u\" @ZpuO"r{O" Y"p\"O"o $
E"s pEF>pQS"u OY"Y"z R"pO"sZp\"ZN"pP"u T"{_": $ {N"{E" _"OY"puT"_Y" _P"p{S"\"p\"pO"o,
T"sB"SO"C"tT"R"_Y"u{O" B"sN"pW"p\": $ {S"W"wO"{X"OY"S"uS" @uS"pTY"T"qZc"pO"O"pz \"N"Y"O"p @{\"S"p
"p\""pO"o _"Z_\"OY"p _"zB"rO"B"pur> W"pu \Y"pG"pSO"ZuN" O"Y"v\"p@pZr{O" _"t{E"O"X"o $$ 66 $$
Anv
u S. HuvP Pshx g^ G n G.
onh Cnx ] Pi.'' !
|Pi ! CzuP mk P Cx; k? G }
Qx mix Av n J uS mhu p {zx
Aui US Pmi n Emh. USU
Pmi ku {zv. (66)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
Y"QS"p{"B"O"X"{T" O"pz\"tX"TY"uO"p"z, O"e" \"O"X"pS"z \"E"S"z @"z W"{\"^Y"O"rOY"O"pu
\"E"S"X"pR"sY"| \"N"Y"{O" {\"T"Y"u{O" $ ù X"pO"_O"\" \"E"S"X"pR"sZr @uS" \"N"S"rY"p ? Y"E"S"d\"N"_"pvW"pBY"_"X"sp{_"O"Y"p e"T"Y"p _"Z_\"O"r _\"pz \"rN"pz B"puT"pY"{O" _X"u{O" $ @Qp {_"z`p_"S"{_P"O"pv T"p\"O"rT"ZX"u"Zp\"sT"\"N"{Y"O"sz \"pB"r"Zr _"X"pB"O"p $ O"Y"p \"rN"pz Z{_" {S"R"pY"
X"`pQu\"T"s^"pP"B"pS"pS"s\"pQS"u {@Y"X"pN"u, O"Qp@N"S"G"{S"O"pS"SQuS" X"pv{X"NL>X"pSQpuY"SOY"p O\"Y"p _"pR"s O"\" B"rO"z \"p{QO"{X"OY"p@pZuN" _"pR"s\"pQu T""z_"pT"u T"pZVR"u,
O"f"p\"Qb"ZC"{J>O"\"E"S"X"R"sqZX"pN"X"p@YY" _"Z_\"O"r _\"pz \"rN"pz \"uN"pEF>pQY"{O" _X" $
Y"_Y"p: _\"pW"p{\"@\"E"S"u&TY"uO"p"r X"pR"sZr, Y"p T"ZV""pS"SQX"Y"r QlW "p, O"`rQpS"rz
X"rN"Y"p \"pX"pS"Y"p T"e"T"O\"z {\"S"p S"pSY"OT"Y"puG"S"{X"{O" _"p O"pz \"p_"_"p G"sB"puT"u{O"
O"pOT"Y"pP": $ Y"P"pP"| @PY"O"u, \"pN"r _"Z_\"O"r {S"G"pz \"rN"pz E"puSu " \"uN" {S"W"wO"z {S"E"sY"{O"
pEF>pQY"{O"$ O\"Y"p _"pR"s\"pQu T""z_"p\"pQu T"pZVR"u _"{O" $ {@zb"N"Y"p O\"Y"p E"{O"{"Z_"p
pSQpu{O"{"Z_"p $ __\"{O"\"E"_"u{O" {E"OT"pK>: $ O"Q{T" X"pv{X"NL>pSQpuS"u \"QS"u
\Y"\"E"_"p $ {@zb"N"pz \"rN"pz, O"QrY"vX"pR"sY"vZ T"{T"O"O"Se"r@Z\"pz, O"_Y"uX"p{S"
O"QrY"p{S" O"v_O"QrY"v: _"pR"s\"pQ_"zV"{SR"{W":, T"{T"O"pu {S"W"wO"z {E"B"puE"Zr@wO":
O"Se"r@Z_"pu Y"_Y"p: _"p O"pz, {@zb"N"p \"pN"r, {\"T""p \"rN"Y"p T"sZpZu{\"{\"R"X"T"QpS"z
B"pY"SO"r, T""sT"O"uZT"QpS"z T"pv^"uN" @wO"z "e"s_"tQS"p{Q@z @X" $ \"{"SY"p \"
\"rN"{QR"pZN"X"sX"o $ S"pe" X"Se"pupZ: "z@ZpE"pY"p{W"T"pY": $$ 66 $$
\"ppR"sY"X"o - \
175
BuR
x x uzvP v H[Q G \
C a \ sk? Ex \U Pmhx Au C u
n |uzv C G p mQ. w _P
h u v tPzuU Pmk } |P i ! n
|u P Czuu A mi. Au Csh \
CUP u n J DkPkUPuuU Psh v n
Emh. E mk uuzvux. (Pu\) AuP Czu
C ! ]u vP E. (66)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
{\"T"Y"u{O"- ù G"S"{S", \"pN"r E"puuS" @tT"p_"@uS" {S"G"pz \"rN"pz {S"W"wO"z X"SQz {S"@sY"{O"
{S"SQ{O" $ _"rO"_"X"p{"z @ZpuO"r{O" Y"p\"O"o $ @{_X"S"o _"{O" O\"Y"p T""sT"O"u{\"{\"R"X"S"u@T"@pZz
{e"T"sZ{\"G"Y"-Y"pB"R\"z_"-`pp`R"pZN"-G"SR"Z\"R"-B"G"p_"sZ\"R"p{Q@z \"QpS"z \"wf"z @X" \"O"sz
{S"B"{QO"sz pZVR"u T"@pSO"u _"{O", {@zW"tO"Y"p O\"Y"p {\"T"Y"p _""O"Se"r\"rN"Y"p B"pY"SOY"p
T"B"pY"SOY"p T"sS""{O"{"Z_"p SO": _"SO"pu^"\""pO"o _\"Y"z {"Z: @XT"Y"SOY"p, {@z{\"R"pz \"rN"pz
O\"QrY"v: O\"E"S"_"zV"{SR"{W": _"pR"s\"E"S"v: X"R"s\"E"S"vZT"{T"O"O"Se"r@Z\"pz, T"{T"O":
O"Se"r@Z\"pu Y"_Y"p: _"p O"pz, {@z{\"R"v\"E"S"v: X"pR"sY"v: X"pR"sY"B"sN"Y"sv:, {S"W"wO"{X"OY"S"uS"
@u S"pTY"T"qZc"pO"O"pz \"N" { Y"e"p @{\"S"p "p\""pO"o _"Z_\"OY"p: _"rO"pS"pJ> W":
\Y"pG"pSO"ZuN" O"Y"v\" @pqZO" {O" _"t{E"O"X"o $$ 66 $$
uzw
o E C \Pmk n {vzu. ({Sv) ku
Eh {zv. vj ku {zu Hu Pn Pmi. (66)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" W"\"pSY"p \"pN"rz _O"pv{O" - {\"T"Y"u{O" $ \"rN"Y"p T""sT"O"uZ\"QpO"z {S"X"z E"qZO"z
B"pY"SO"r \"pN"r _"Z_\"O"r {S"W"wO"z {S""z Y"P"p _Y"pf"P"p E"puSu "puT"qZ\"uN" \"rN"pz {S"E"sY"{O"
B"puT"pY"{O" "Y"u{O" "u^": $ e" ùO"sz \"QS\"pN"rz {\"{"S"{> - O\"QrY"vX"pR"sY"v: O\"QrY"\"pN"rB"O"X"pR"sY"v: T"{T"O"pu {S"lO"_O"Se"rN"pz \"rN"pB"sN"pS"pz @Z\"pu Y"_Y"p_O"pz, @QuOY"T"ub"pY"pX"pÒ\"Y"p _"pR"s\"E"S"u \"O"sX"pZVR"u _"{O" E"X"O@pZ\""pO"o E"{O"X"r^"O@{XT"O"z {"Zpu
Y"_Y"p_O"Y"p {O" W"\"pS"r {\""u^Y"O"u $ _"z\Y"pS"X"sf"ZrY"z E" E"pu: @tT"p_"@pu&{Y"p{X"OY"X"Z:
$$ 66 $$
176
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -67
uzu \vP
v mQ n u h zu. (
.) (66)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù T"ZX"u"qZ, {\"T"Y"p \"rN"Y"p {\"{\"R"z S"pS"pW"uQz T""sT"O"uX"`pQu\"_Y" \"QpO"z
T"Zp@X"G"pz B"pY"SO"r T"\"rN"Y"SO"r \"pN"r \"pBQu\"O"p @e"r, _\"B"pS"pS"SO"Zz _"pR"s\"E"S"v:
_"pR"s _"pR"s _"XY"BB"rO"z W"\"OY"p {O" B"rO"puT"pS"\"E"S"v: _"` E"{O"{"Z_"p @{XT"O"X"pvY"p
O\"Y"p \"O"sX"pZVR"u _"{O", O"p"z B"rO"X"{O"X"R"sZz p_\"p{QO"X"o$ T"ZX"{T" \"O_"u _"Z_\"{O"
T"@pY"O"pz OY"u\"zT"uN" \"E"S"uS" \"O"sX"pZVR"u, O\"QrY"v: O\"QS"\"{O"X"pR"sY"v:
T"`{_"O"O"Se"r@Z\"pz, T"`{_"O": {O"Z_@wO": O"Se"rN"pz B"sN"pS"pz @pu&\Y"X"R"sZpu S"pQpu
Y"_Y"p_O"pz O"P"pupz, {S"G"pX"pOX"rY"pz \"rN"pz \"@z E"puSu " E"s pEF>pQS"u {O" T"{_"uS"
{S"E"sY"{O" p\"wO"pz @Zpu{O", _"rO"_"X"p{"X"u\" @ZpuO"r{O" Y"p\"O"o $... {S"W"wO"{X"OY"S"uS"
@uS"pTY"T"qZc"pO"O"pz \"N"Y"O"p @{\"S"p "p\""pO"o _"Z_\"OY"p: _"rO"B"pur> W"pu
\Y"pG"pSO"ZuN" O"Y"v\" @pqZO" {O" _"t{E"O"X"o $$ 66 $$
isi
EP Eu. (66)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
{\"T"Y"u{O" - {\"T"Y"p \"rN"Y"p {\"{\"R"z S"pS"pT"@pZz T"sZqZT"puX"ù "_Y"p\"QpS"z {S"X"E"qZO"z
B"pY"SO"r \"pN"r _"Z_\"O"r {S"W"wO"z Y"P"p _Y"pf"P"p E"puSu "puT"qZ_P"\"uN" \"rN"pz "Y"p {S"E"sY"{O"
pEF>pQY"{O" $ "pùO"zs {\"{"S"{> - O\"Y"p E"{O"{"Z_"p @{XT"O"{"Z_"p _"pR"s\"E"S"u _"pR"s\"pQu
\"O"sX"pZVR"u _"{O" O\"QrY"v: _"pR"s\"E"S"_"zV"{SR"{W": X"pR"sY"vZT"{T"O"pu {S"lO": O"Se"rN"pz @pu
Z\"pu Y"_Y"p: _"p OY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u&TY"u\"X"o $$ 66 $$
Pu
EP Psh . qzv A. (66)
pS"SQ`Zr
{\"T"Y"u{O" - E"{O"z @z{T"O"z {"Zpu Y"_Y"p:, _"p O"Y"p O\"Y"p _"pR"s\"E"S"u _"pR"s\"pQu
\"O"sX"pZVR"u _"{O", _"pR"s\"QS"u {O" T"pKu> _"zV"puR"S"X"o $ @{"f"s _"pR"s\"E"S"vqZ{O" T"pKz>
E"sV"s@X"o - P
177
@T"{Y"O\"p _"pR"s\"E"S"v: _"` E"{O"{"Z_"uOY"P": OY"p` $ O"QS"pQZ@Zz, \"E"_"pz

E"S"pW"p\"uS" _"p{ÒY"p_"zW"\"pO"o $ O"wO"rY"pSO"T"pK>_Y" T"pX"p{N"@O\"u \"O"s{X"OY"e"
@P"z{E"puG"S"rY"X"o $ \"pN"r _"Z_\"O"r {S"W"wO"X"SY"vZ{b"O"z Y"P"p _Y"pf"P"p {S"G"pz \"rN"pz E"puSu "
\"uN" {S"E"sY"{O" pEF>pQY"{O" "Y"u{O" W"p\": $ E"s pEF>pQS"u E"sZp{QZQSO": $
@"r, T""sT"O"u: {"\"_Y" {\"{\"R"X"S"u@T"@pZz \"QpS"z T"t\"@X" {\"T"Y"p _""O"Se"r@\"rN"Y"p
B"pY"SO"r $ ùO"sB"W"| \"rN"p{\""u^"N"X"p` - O\"QrY"v: O\"E"S"_"zV"{SR"{W": X"pR"sY"vZ T"{T"O"pu&{W"W"tO"_O"Se"rN"pz B"sN"pS"pz @pu&\Y"X"R"sZpu Z\"pu R\"{S"Y"_Y"p_O"pX"o $ \"QpS"z @X"
\"wf"z {O", O"P"p R\"S"pv O"s X"R"sZp_UsJu> @: {O", O"P"p {\"T""r _"p O"s O"Se"r{W": _""{W":
T"qZ\"p{QS"r {O" E"pX"Z: $$ 66 $$
Bu
P UP. (66)
*
@ZpB"uN" _T"wz> O"s{`S"{B"qZN"p \"O_"O"Y"p

{B"Zr"uS"puQ_O"z X"s`lZR"ZT"pS"p@sO"Y"p $
@ZB"pz "XW"puX"sA"X"s@sZ\"wSO"z {B"qZ_"sO"u
@P"z@pZz V"tX"_O"\" E"sV"s@X"pvT"XY"Z{Ò"X"o $$ 67 $$
PUn h x|Qn zu
Q\ Euu : Au|Su ! >
PU \: PSu Qu
PuP : u _P Ju >> 67
u:& Qu & P ! x|Qn & ,
zu Ah, PUn & P~ h &
uhmhx, Q\| & ], :&AiUPi Au|S u &
Eumha _v& zukv Bzu, Euu &
yUQiUPmhx, \: ]x PU P Su &
P u[P PQ Psti Pix, Ju
Dinx _P P Pu[P : G o.
A|Puza ]Pu G u| { Qx.
178
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -67
bX"rR"Zp
@ZpB"Nu " B"@ZuN", _T"w>z _"zX"w,>z O"s{`S"{B"qZN"p {`X"p{N"p G"S"@uS", \"O_"O"Y"p
\"pO_"Y"uS" {T"e"pQrS"pz T"se"p{Q^"s T"r{O": \"pO_"Y""VQuS"puEY"O"u $ Y"P"puz _"\"c"_"puX"u"ZuN"
T"se"pQpv \"pO_"Y"z, T"Y"pQpv T"Xu ", {"^Y"pQp\"S"sB"`:, B"G"pQpv W"{: $ e" p{Q"VQuS"
B"pvN"T"se"B"pvN"T"se"rB"pvN"{"^Y"B"pvN"pB"G"p: B"wSO"u {O" $ BppvNpT"se": T"se"O\"uS" @qT"O"_"zV"SR":,
S" O"s @O"p{Q:, O"_Y" T"se"O\"pO"o $ BppvNpT"se"r W"s{G"^Y"p B"pvN": {"^Y"O\"uS" @{T"O"_"XV"SR" \",
S" O"s _\"r@wO"X"Se"B"`N"-X"pe": $ B"pvN"pB"G": @{T"O"W"pO"w_"XV"SR":, S" O"s b"ue"G"p{Q: $
{B"Zr"uS" "XW"sS"p, Q_O"z "{X"O"z, X"s`:l OY"P"|, R"ZT"pS"p@sO"Y"p R"ZT"pS"\Y"B"S"Y"p
{O"T"Xu N"uOY"P": $ @ZB"pz @ZuN" B"`rO"sz Y"puBY"z X"sA"p\"pu@S"E"sXV"S"\Y"B"O"Y"p, "XW"pu:
X"sA"X"s@s Z\"wSO"z X"sA"X"u\" X"s@s Zpu QT"N": O"_Y" \"wSO"z O"QpR"pZQNL>: O"z {B"qZ_"sO"u ! {`X"p{O"S"Y"u!
@P"pZz @P"z@w O\"p V"Xt ": \"N"Y"pX": $ {\"W"p^"p @P"{X" {DoE> " {O" {D>P"u _"zT"R"pZN"pY"pz
Jo> $ O"\" W"\"OY"p:, E"sV"s@z R"ZpR":@{N"@pz, pvT"XY"Z{Ò"z T"X"pZ{Ò"X"o $ T"X"pZp{ÒY"z
O"s @X"@{N"@pQT"N"\"wSO"puQY"p{{"A"Z{"pQrS"pz, "XW"s{`X"{B"qZ@ZpuT"pS"p G"{S"O"_"pvW"pBY"p{O""Y"pW"p\"uS" W"B"\"O"rE"sV"s@_Y" O"sS"p S"p_O"r{O" $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù {`X"{B"qZ_"sO"u $ O"s{`S"{B"qZN"p \"O_"O"Y"p @ZpB"Nu " _T"w>z {B"Zr"uS" R"ZT"pS"p@sO"Y"p X"s`l Q_O"z
"XW"pu: @ZB"pz pvT"XY"Z{Ò"z O"\" X"sA"X"s@s Z\"wSO"z E"sV"s@z @P"pZz V"Xt " {O" $ e"pS"S\"Y"ppZpu R\"SY"O"u, _"\"puT "X"p{S"^"uR"uS" _\"_Y" _\"Y"X"u\" _""{X"OY"S"S\"Y"ppZT"O"rO"u: $$
67 $$
u
A, P Phzv z. h , ]h
AU, hzv Uv BQx. zvuh zv G
z Pmkxsk. Cx Pnz. C Pn
uxsk. C zzu P {zv
. Q\ zuhz yUQi. Ax E P
Psti ] vPU Pmk. Cu PUS Dk
Cn C. Ax AuS Cn. (67)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
@ZpB"Nu "u{O" $ O"s{`S"{B"qZN"p {`X"pE"uS" {O"T"rOY"p T"pS"p{Q^"s \"pO_"Y"uS" _T"w>z
T"se"ru`Su " @ZpB"Nu " _T"wX> "o $ {B"qZ"uS" Q_O"z "{X"O"z X"s`:l \"pZz\"pZz R"ZT"pS"p@sO"Y"p $
P" E" "XW"pu: @ZB"pz X"sA"X"s@s Z\"wSO"z X"sA"QT"N"X"NL>X"o $ ù {B"qZ_"sO"u ! O"\"
E"sV"s@X"o - P
179
{E"V"s@X"pvT"XY"Z{Ò"z @P"z@pZz V"Xt ":, @uS" T"@pZuN" V"Xt ":? O"z T"@pZz O\"X"u\" G"pS"p{_" $ _"
T"@pZpu S"p_X"puE"Z: $ O"\" {E"V"s@_Y" O"\"v\" {E"V"s@z _""{X"OY"sT"X"ppZ \"ppZ: $
e" X"s`Zl R"ZT"pS"p@sO"Y"u{O" {T"e"pu: _"sZO"\"N"S"\"QS"s{E"O"X"o, W"B"\"O": "Zp\"O"pZ_Y"
"ZpE"pY"_Y" $ \"QS"z {O" \"p T"pK>pu Y"s: $$ 67 $$
Uzu
P Din E PP G o? Au
} A. (] zuh AiUPi P {zxQ G
\[P Au B\ Tx E]u.) ( u
Eu.) (67)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
E"sV"s@z \"N"Y"{O" - @ZpB"Nu "u{O" $ ù {B"qZ_"sO"u! pvp{R"ZpG"S"{SQ{S" ! O"s{`S"{B"qZN"p
\"O_"O"Y"p \"pO_"Y"Z_"uS", @ZpB"Nu " `_O"pB"Nu " _T"w>z G"pO"_"zT"@X"o $ {T"e"pQY": T"se"pQrS"pX"sT"pS"_"X"Y"u E"sV"s@z _T"w"SO"r{O" T"{_"{: $ {B"Zr"uS" X"`pQu\"uS", G"B"SX"X"tW"tO"u
_"zW"puB"_"X"Y"u, R"ZT"pS"p@sO"Y"p {V"XV"pR"ZZ_"B"`N"T"pZ\"Y"uS", X"s`:l _"\"Qp, Q_O"z
f"pu{O"X"o$ "Y"p A"s rN"pz _"zW"puB"_"X"Y"u X"sA"X"\"S"O"X"u\" G"pY"O"u $ O"Qlf"p{S"O"X"u\" _"sE"sXV"z
W"\"O"rOY"{X"T"pY": $ {@z E" @ZB"pz T"p{N"S"p T"pS"rY"z, "XW"pu: X"`pQu\"_Y", X"sA"X"s@s Z\"wSO"X"o $ W"B"\"OY"p X"sA"u QT"N"pY"X"pS"u _"\"X"u\" T"Y"{O" X"`pQu\": $ O" \" "XW"pu:
QT"N"_P"pS"rY"z W"B"\"OY"p X"sA"X"o $ \"wSO"{X"\" `_O"B"`N"Y"puBY"pu&R"puW"pB"S"p{\""u^":, \"zW"tO"z
O"\" E"sV"s@z pvT"XY"Z{Ò"X"o $ T"X"p O"p\""p_OY"u\" _"\"p\"Y"\"u^\"{T" _"X"B"p\"NY"_"O\"pO"o
E"sV"s@_Y"puT"X"v\" S"p{_O" $ S"Y"S"V"p`lO"pQrS"pz @s\"Y"{"Zr^"X"pp{"{A"{T"IF>psT"X"pS"\"_O"t{S" _"sW"p{S" $ {S"T"X"_Y" O"s O"\" E"sV"s@_Y"puT"X"pT"QpP": S" _"sW" {O" _"\"p{O""p{Y"B"sN"B"N"V"w{z Ò"z O"\" E"sV"s@z @P"z@pZz V"Xt ": $ @uS" T"@pZuN" \"N"Y"pX":? S"sT"X"_Y" \"N"S"X"{O"Ql^@ZX"u\" $$ 67 $$
Anv
P, C zzu P ukQ. ]
Pu zuh Eui AiUPi Pzu {zxQ. PP Ps Px
u Azx A[P[PUS E T. PUS E
Pt. ( & UP EP Eu.) (67)
180
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -67
pS"SQ{BpZrY"p
@ZpB"Nu "u{O" $ ù X"pO"_O"\" {E"V"s@z @P"z V"Xt ": $ {@X"sT"X"pS"uS" \"N"Y"pX": $ {@zb"N"z {E"\"s@z
pvT"XY"Z{Ò"z, pvT"XY"X"sT"X"p O"{Ò"z, @"z O"s{`S"{B"qZN"p \"O_"O"Y"p pS"p\"_"Zu @ZpB"Nu "
_T"w>X"o $ X"pO"p{T"O"Zpv Y"Qp V"pz pY"O": O"Qp {E"V"s@u @ZpB"uN" _T"w"O": $ T"sS": {@z{\"R"z,
R"ZT"pS"p@sO"Y"p X"s`Xl "s` :l \"pZz {B"Zr"uS"puQ_O"z, {B"Zr"uS" drX"`pQu\"uS" W"e"p \"pZz \"pZz "vR"wO "z,
@Y"p R"ZT"pS"p@sO"Y"p $ X"sA"X"s@s\"wSO"{X"\" "XW"pu: @ZB"pX"o $ O"p\"O"p Y"{Q {@X"{T"
\"_O"s O"p"z _Y"pO"o O"Qp @uS"puT"X"rY"uO" $ O"f"s S"p_O"rOY"W"tO"puT"X"pS"p O\"X"o $ P"\"p B"B"S"z
B"B"S"p@pZ{X"OY"p{Q \"N"S"rY"{X"{O" $ @ZpB"Nu "u{O" pu@_Y" Z`_Y"pP": $ @ZpB"Nu "u{O" $ @ZpB"Nu " D>
I" N" O"s{`S"{B"qZN"p S"X", {B"Zr"uS" , X"s`:l X" R"Z , T"pS" U, @sO"Y"p @s, @Z C"W",
"XW"pu `, B"pz ZuU p {B"qZ_"sO"u W"B"\"{O" VsX"o $ Y"z X"S"s: @sW"B"\"O"r $ O"P"p "pQpv
T"ZX"u"p{S" T""T""W"B"p{S\"O"X"o $ Zp\"pu Y"pu{S"B"O"pu Qu\"r @sW"B"\"O"r E" VsX"SO"uY"{X"{O" $ `rz
D>I"X"S"X"u Uuz @sW"B"\"{O" VsX"o $ @sW"B"\"OY"p X"Se"pupZ: $$
BuQ
EP UP. SPv Cu uu. Au
v. V b |2 SPv G. (67)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
@ZpB"Nu "u{O" $ ù {B"qZ_"sO"u, O"\" E"sV"s@z R"ZpR"@{N"@pz @P"pZz @P"z @wO\"p V"Xt ": $
@P"zW"tO"z, pvT"XY"Z{Ò"z pvT"XY"uS" _"pXY"uS" Z{Ò"z, T"sS":, O"s{`S"{B"qZN"p G"S"@uS" \"O_"O"Y"p
@ZpB"Nu " _T"w,>z \"pO_"Y""VQuS" {T"e"pQrS"pz T"se"p{Q^"s T"r{O":, {Y": T"OY"pQpv T"Xu ", B"sZpu:
{"^Y"pQp\"S"sB"`:, GY"u_> Y"pS"sG"pQpv W"{EY"O"u $ T"sS"{B"qZ"uS" _"Qp{"\"uS", R"ZT"pS"p@sO"Y"p X"s`l Q_O"X"s"{X"O"z, T"sS": "XW"pu: @ZB"pz X"sA"X"s@s Z\"wSO"{X"\", X"sA"X"u\" X"s@s Zz O"_Y"
\"wSO"z O"e" X"sA"u X"s@s Zp@pZu {B"qZ"X"sA"T"{O"{V"XV"S"p{Q{O" W"p\": $$ 67 $$
uzw
u UP. (67)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" @X"T"p"z {E"V"s@z \"N"Y"{O" - @ZpB"Nu "u{O" $ ù {B"qZ_"sO"u O"\" {E"V"s@z @P"z@pZz
@P"z@w O\"p, @uS" T"@pZuN"uOY"P":$ V"Xt "pu \"N"Y"pX"pu S" @P"X"T"rOY"P": $ \"N"S"T"@pZ{\"Zù ùO"sz
E"sV"s@X"o - P
181
\"QS"o {E"V"s@z {\"{"S"{> - T"X"v\"pvT"XY"z _\"pP"u ^Y"I"o, pvT"XY"uS" Z{Ò"X"pvT"XY"Z{Ò"X"o $

O"P"p{T" _\"T"X"pe"z \"N"S"rY"{X"OY"{W"T"pY"uN" {\"{"S"{> - \"O_"O"Y"p {O" u`Su ", O"s{`S"{B"qZN"p @ZpB"Nu " _T"w{> X"{O" {B"ZuZ{T" u`G"S"@O\"uS"pOY"QoW"sO"O\"z R\"SY"O"u $ X"s`\l "pZz \"pZz,
R"ZT"pS"p@sO"Y"p {B"Zr"uS"puQ_O"z {Ob""X"o $ O"uS" @pX"{\"Zpu{R"S"pu&{T" X"`pQu\"_Y" @pX"G"S"@O\"uS" {S"T"X"z _"pvSQY"| _"tEY"O"u $ \"zW"tO"z X"sA"X"sOT"bu "O"u $ "XW"pu: @ZuN" B"pz B"`rO"sz
Y"puBY"z, X"sA"z X"s@s Z \" X"sA"X"s@s Z:, O"_Y" \"wSO"{X"\"uOY"P": $ QT"N"u X"s@s ZpQ"p{\"OY"X"Z: $$
67 $$
uzu \vP
uUS Gv ] P\kQ. EP
Eu. (67)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù {B"qZ_"sO"u, "vp{R"ZpG"O"S"Y"u, O"s{`S"{B"qZN"p {`X"\"O"p \"O_"O"Y"p \"pO_"Y"Z_"uS",
@ZpB"Nu " `_O"pB"Nu " _T"w>z G"pO"_"zT"@X"o $ {T"e"pQY": A"s T"se"pQrS"pX"sT"pS"_"X"Y"u E"sV"s@z
_T"w"SO"r{O" T"{_"{: $ {B"Zr"uS" X"`pQu\"uS" G"B"SX"X"tW"tO"uS" _"XW"puB"_"X"Y"u R"ZT"pS"p@sO"Y"p {V"XV"pR"ZZ_"B"`N"T"pZ\"Y"uS" X"s`:l _"\"Qp Q_O"X"sf"pu{O"X"o $ "Y"p A"s rN"pz
_"zW"puB"_"X"Y"u X"sA"X"\"S"O"X"u\" G"pY"O"u $ O"Qlf"pu{O"X"u\" _"sE"sXV"S"z W"\"O"rOY"{W"T"pY": $ {@"
@ZB"pz T"p{N"S"puT"pS"rY"z "XW"puX"`pQu\"_Y" X"sA"X"s@s Z\"wSO"X"o $ W"B"\"OY"p X"sA" \"
QT"N"puT"X"pS"u _"\"X"u\" W"B"\"pST"Y"{O" X"`pQu\": $ O" \" "XW"puX"`pQu\"_Y" QT"N"_P"pS"rY"z
W"B"\"OY"p X"sA"z, O"_Y" \"wSO"{X"\" `_O"B"`N"Y"puBY"pu&R"puW"pB"p{\""u^": $ \"zW"sO"z O"\" E"sV"s@z
pvT"XY"Z{Ò"X"o $ T"X"pS"z E" S"p_OY"u\" $ _"\"p\"Y"\"u^\"{T" _"X"B"p\"NY"_"sSQZO\"pO"o E"sV"s@_Y"puT"X"v\" S"p{_O" $ S"Y"S"V"p@pQrS"pz @s\"Y"{"Zr^"X"pp{"{A"{T"IF>p{S" T"X"pS"\"_O"t{S" _"sW"p{S" $ {S"T"X"_Y" O"s O"\" E"sV"s@_Y" S"puT"X"pT"QpP": _"sW" {O"
_"\"p{O""p{Y"B"sN"B"N"V"w{z Ò"z O"\" E"sV"s@z @P"pZz V"Xs ":, @uS" T"@pZuN" \"N"Y"pX": $ S"sT"X"_Y"
\"N"S"z Ql^@ZX"u\" $$ 67 $$
isi
PnU Pshx mPzv Su u ] {zxQ.
. (67)
182
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -67
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
@ZpB"Nu "u{O" $ ù {B"qZ_"sO"u, O"\" E"sV"s@z @P"pZz @uS" T"@pZuN" V"Xt "pu \"N"Y"pX": $ O"e" ùO"s:pvT"XY"Z{Ò"z _"pY"T"{O"Y"pu{B"S" T"X"pS"_Y" {\"Z`pO"o, O"s{`S"{B"qZN"p {`X"pY"uS",
\"O_"O"Y"p T"se"ru`Su ", @ZpB"Nu " `_O"pB"W"pBpuS" _T"wX> "o $ {B"Zr"uS" {"\"uS" R"ZT"pS"p@sO"Y"p
X"s`:l \"pZz\"pZz, Q_O"X"sf"pu{O"X"o $ @ZB"pz @ZB"`N"Y"puBY"z X"sA"X"s@s Z_Y" X"sA"pQ"_Y" \"wSO"z
QNL>{X"OY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u-O"s{`S"_Y" {`X"_Y" {B"qZ: T"\"O"pu Y"e"p_"pv O"s{`S"{B"qZ"S:, O"uS"
@ZpB"Nu " {@ZN"pB"Nu " _T"wX> "o $ ù \"O_", {B"Zr"_Y" X"ù"_Y"p{T" S": " O"Y"p T"{_"Y"p
bXY"p ZpR"Y"p \"p R"ZT"pS"p@sO"Y"p X"s`l Q_O"X"sf"pu{O"z, "XW"pu: @Y"pN"G"@_Y" _"tY"_Y"
@ZB"`N"Y"puBY"z, @X"_""O\"pO"o, P"\"p "z @Y"pN"z W"\"OY"_X"p{Q{O" "XW"pu_O"\"
{E"V"s@{X"OY"S\"Y": $ @ZB"pX"P"pO"o bXY"p ZpR"Y"p \"p $ @"z {E"V"s@z , {B"qZ_"sO"u@P"pZz,
{B"qZ_"sO"p T"p\"O"r, : bX"r:, O"Y"pu: @P"z Qz _"w{> X"{O" "VQp@pZ@z, pvT"XY"Z{Ò"z V"Xt "
OY"S\"Y": $ {B"qZ_"sO"u {O" T"t\"\"O"o {\"^N"s_"zV"puR"S"z \"p $$ 67 $$
Pu
u UP EPu. q &
\v Qn uhx. z ! [Pzv
Ch E P (u) zuh {zxQ. v
Cu P Gi Ex G UQ. (67)
pS"SQ`Zr
@ZpB"Nu "u{O" $ ù {B"qZ_"sO"u O"\" {E"V"s@z R"ZpR"puW"pB"z @P"pZz V"Xt ": @uS" T"@pZuN" \"N"Y"pX":$
Y"O" pvT"XY"X"sT"X"p O"{Ò"z @se"pTY"uO"QlT"X"p S"p_O"rOY"sT"X"uY"X"u\" QlW"z, QmZu O"p\"QlT"X"p, S"
\"O"O" {O" W"p\": $ O"s{`S"{B"qZN"p {`X"pY"uS" \"O_"O"Y"p \"pO_"Y"uS" @SY"puùS"u{O" Y"p\"O"o,
@ZpB"uN" _T"w>z, `_O"pBpp{O"z, {BpqZpuS" {p\"uS" R"ZT"pS"p@sO"Y"p X"s`l\"pZz \"pZz Q_O"z
f"pu{O"z pzW"pu: @ZuNu p B"pz B"`N"_Y" R"pZN"_Y" Y"puBY"z T"{E"O"z X"sA"T"_Y" X"s@s Z_Y" QT"N"_Y"
\"wSO"z R"pZN"QNL>X"o Qz E" {e"O"Y"z Y"P"p@X"z V"pY"u S"\"puMO> "pQ"pY"pz T"pMv O> "pQ"pY"pz E" V"puRY"X"o $$
Bu,
u E zv E uu P uhmhx.
zv ] Pu {zvzu. va] E
PUPsti ] uU Psh. (67)
*
Bpr\"p - Pzx
183
W"sG"pu^"p{"OY"z T"sZQX"{Y"O"s:1 @NJ>@\"O"r

O"\" B"r\"p R"f"u X"sA"@X"S"p{dY"{X"Y"X"o $
_\"O": "uO"p @ppB"V"`lG"XV"pX"{S"p
X"wN"prp{OY"z \"`{O" Y"QR"pu2 `pZ{O"@p $$ 68 $$
a{z ux: 1 PshPw
u U uzu PP|a C >
u: au PP|
nz v uu 2 vP >>68
1.
T"sZ{\"G"{Y"S": |:,
2. Y"Q`pu u.
u & ux: (|:) [P AhUQ ] {z

az Gx uhQ Pn PshPw
Psh, u C U Ex Cu Pzx P P |a PQ
u usi AP, uzu Pskx. uu: Gu Au R vP
& Pi u: au CP zvx P AP
| PQ AvP \u |na\ s [QuP,
nz u AP v PUQx.
PPsmj, uhPsh:, u u |[P { .
bX"rR"Zp
W"sG"pu^"pO"o W"sG"pWY"pX"p{S"pO"o, {S"OY"z _"O"O"z, T"sZQX"{Y"O"s: T"sZpSO"@_Y" @NJ>@\"O"r
_"ZpuX"p"p, O"\" B"r\"p @NK>S"p:, R"f"u QR"p{O", X"sA"@X"S"p{dY"z X"sA"X"u\" @X"z O"_Y"
S"p{dY"z QNL>_"pvW"pBY"z, Y"z B"r\"p, _\"O": "uO"p _\"W"p\"O": _\"EF>p, @ppB"V"`lG"XV"pX"{S"p @ppu S"r\"N": B": C"s@pz> @w^N"pB"qZOY"P": O"_Y" V"`l:
_"X"w: G"XV"p: T": O"uS" X"{S"p X"rX"_"p, X"wN"prp{OY"z {V"_"O"p_"pvW"pBY"z, \"`{O"
T"pT"np{u O" $ Y"O"o Y"_X"pO@pZN"pO"o, R": R":T"Qu "u, `pZ{O"@p X"sp\"{: $ e"uOP"z
T"QY"puG"S"p-ù W"B"\"{O" ! O"\"uY"z B"r\"p T"sZQX"{Y"O"s: W"sG"pu^"pO"o {S"OY"z @NJ>@\"O"r
X"sA"@X"S"p{dY"z R"f"u $ Y"O"o, R": _\"O": "uO"p @ppBpV"`lG"XV"pX"{S"p
`pZ{O"@p X"wNpprp{OY"z \"`{O" $ T"t\"pR"u {S"Q"S"ppZ:, X"sA"@X"S"p{dY"{X"OY"e"
dr_""r drqZ{O" T"{O"{V"XV"pb"uT"pO"o $ T"@X"TY"pZ:, X"sA"@X"{X"OY"e" X"sA"u
@X"O\"T"N"pO"o $ S"Y"puZpqW"p\"uS" _"Z: $ f"ZpR"u& {T" {S"Q"S"ppZ:,
184
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -68
X"wN"prp{OY"{X"OY"e" p{OY"_""p{OY"{X"{O" T"{O"{V"XV"pb"uT"pO"o $ W"Y"puZpqW"p\"uS" _"Z: $$ 68 $$

u
u ! E Pzx ]x PP An Chx
PQx. PQ u uskx zxx Pk
hP Ex. Au R PQ Azx AvP A \zx ]u
zu C so [Qx. Ax u P AS
Pskx. (68)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
W"sG"u{O" $ W"sG"pu^"pO"o {S"OY"z T"sZQX"{Y"O"s: @NJ>@\"O"r, ZpuX"p{"O"\"O"r, O"\" B"r\"p
X"sA"@X"S"p{dY"z Y"z Y"O@pZN"pO"o R"f"u $ _\"O": "uO"p _\"W"p\"O": "uO"p, @ppB"V"`lG"XV"pX"{S"p @wTN"pB"T"X"{S"p, X"wN"prp{OY"z \"`{O", Y"O"o Y"O":, `pZ{O"@p $
B"r\"p X"sA"@X"S"p{dY"z R"f"u @NJ>{@O" _"pXY"pO"o {O" {S"QpS"pO"o `pZ{O"@p X"wNpprp{OY"z R"f"u "uO"BpsNp_"pXY"pO"o @w^N"pB"G"XV"p@wO"X"p{SY"_"pXY"p"u{O" {S"Q"S"X"u\" $
`pu {O" {\"_X"Y": $ e" T"@{S"Q"S"pT"l{O"ùO"s{\"_X"Y"O"p_"Z: $$ 68 $$
Uzu
UP E Eu.
N"pX"pu{QS"r
B"r\"pX"{W"\"Q{O"-W"sG"pu^"p{Q{O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ ! {S"OY"z S"\"ZO"z, T"sZQX"{Y"O"s:
"Z_Y", W"sG"pu^"pO"o p{S"_"pvW"pBY"pO"o, @NJ>@\"O"r T"s@T"p{J>@pT"tN"p@pZp, O"\"
B"r\"p X"sA"@X"S"p{dY"z \"QS"S"{S"@pNL>_"pvW"pBY"z R"f"u $ R"_O"pO"o @QX"_"z_"B"pu X"wN"p_"z_"B"" @P"z S" W"\"O"rOY"p`_\"O" {O" $ _\"O": "uO"p _\"W"p\"pQu\" "s\"N"p, @ppB"V"`lG"XV"pX"{S"p @w^N"pB"_"sB"SR"E"E"pT"uS" X"{S"p, _"\"O"pu {QBR"p, `pZ{O"@p
X"spX"pp, X"wN"prp{OY"z X"wN"pr\" p{OY"z T"_"z@s z @pNL>pR"puW"pB"_"zM>T"{SY"Do@> s Z_"pvW"pBY"z Y"_X"pO"o @pZN"pO"o \"`{O", O"uS" @pZN"uS" B"r\"p X"sA"@X"S"p{dY"z R"f" {O"
_"zV"SR": $ `pu OY"S"uS" p"Y"T"QuS" _"\"p"Y"_"pvSQY"bX"r_"zT""-"ZrZY"u:> O"\"
B"r\"pO"pB"O"z _"pvSQY"X"p"Y"T"ZzT"Zp{R"Mz> {O" X"SO"\Y"X"o $$
Bpr\"p - Pzx
185
Anv
Gx Da u PP Pzv AnUP, Au
{x PsQx. Ax PQ u usk __h Ex.
CP so Psh Pzx PQ a\ { [Qx. Au
R zx u[SQx. Av PQa_ mkx. uz usi
R v Szx mhx Au zu x[SQx. PzuQ
uz usi AS UQx. (68)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
W"sG"pu^"p{Q{O" $ ù X"pO":, O"\"uY"z B"r\"p X"sA"@X"S"p{dY"z \"`{O" R"f"u $ X"sA"b"N"z
Y"O@X"z O"_Y" S"p{X"\" "puW"O"u $ @X"S"pu @NJ>@p W"\"{SO" $ T"sZQX"{Y"O"s: drX"`pQu\"_Y"
W"sG"pu^"pO"o @NJ>@\"O"r $ drX"`pQu\"_Y" W"sG"p{S"puOT"p{QO"ZpuX"p": _"p{O\"@W"p\": $
`pu T"p\"{O", O"f"_X"pO"o `pZ{O"@p X"wN"prp{OY"z \"`{O" $ X"pv{@pS"pz X"pp X"wN"pr\"
"puW"O"u$ X"wN"p_Y" @QX"X"p{SY"X"p` - _\"O": "uO"p{T" @ppB"sV"`lG"XV"pX"{S"p,
@ppB"sT"X"sA"@T"tZ p{Q{S"{X"O"Y"b"@QX"pp\"uT"_"zV"SR"uS" X"{S"u{O" $ W"sG"pu^"p{Q{O"
T"_Y" Z`_Y"pP":- @p{S"OY"p{Q{\"pX"p` - B"r\"p ^"puL> "_\"Zp:, W"sG"pu^"pO"o \Y""S"_"zY"puB"pO"o, S"p{dY"z {dY"z {\"_O"pZz pR"f"u eY"b"ZpOX"@pS"o S"pX"T"pSX"Se"pN"pX"p{\"^@Zpu{O" $ T"sZQX"{Y"O"s: Y"sB"pb"Zp $ {S"OY"z {S"OY"W"tO"pS"o T"OY"`G"pO"{QS"pb"ZpS"o $ X"wN"prp
p| `pZ{O"@p T"Z_T"ZB"P"S"uS" Y"sB"pb"Z{QS"pb"ZpS"o T"Z_T"wB> "SR"pS"pz eY"b"ZpOX"@O\"X"o $
e" _"\"p {\"p: eY"b"Y" \" $ O"P"p _\"O": "uO"p: _\"O": {_"p: @ppB"sV"`G"XV"pX"_"wN"p: _\"O": "uO": _\"O": {_": B"s: @pZ \" B"sX"t
W"tO"z Y"_Y" O"f"P"p O"O"o $ V"`
^"Jo{> e"zpf"O\"z O"uS" G"XV"p: O"uS" Y"_T">W"pS": $ Y"X"P": Y"sB"pb"Z{QS"pb"ZpWY"pz
S"pS"pT"{\"p {\"@p ^"Jo{> e"z"{S"z Y"p\"O"o Y"sB"V"pN"p Y"p\"sB": $ ^"Jo{> e"z"Qb"ZpN"pz X"RY"u
@v@X"b"Zz {O">{O" $ \"z ^"puL> "_\"Zz Y"p\"O"o @ \" Y"sB"pb"Z: $ {QS"pb"Zu O"s ^"Jo{> e"z"O"o
{\"z"{S"p{S" Y"p\"O"o ^"Jo{> e"z"QpOX"@O\"p{QOY"u\"z {\"z"{O"_"`_"""O"^"Jo{> e"z""pX"p{S"
@p{S"OY"p{\"pY"p: $ O"O_"\"| B"sX"sA"ppu\Y"X"o $ Y"z T"pZpY"N"G"T": {S"OY"O\"uS" {S"{Q:>
@pXY" {O"$ e" T"@pT"l{O"{S"Q"S"ppZ_"pz@Y"X"o $$ 68 $$
BuQ &
uz usi mP __ Pq. Pzx uz
usk ]Q mPhx. D_ Pn
Hmh Ax. Pzv zu so Pshu
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -68
186
Pzv x \ PQ a\ ]x AUSixx. zx
uU Pi Szx x. P{z uP v
Pshx. SPPz ux P six. 20736 |[P Psh
P{z. (68)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
W"sG"u{O" - ù X"pO":, O"\" B"r\"p X"sA"@X"S"p{dY"z X"sA"X"u\" @X"z O"_Y" S"pz @pNLz>
O"_Y" dr:, O"pz R"f"u pdY"{O" $ S"S"s @X"S"pz "uO"z R"_O"pO"o @QX"_"z_"B"pu X"wN"p_"z_"B""
O"O@P"z S" W"\"u{QOY"p"pY"pX"p` - {@z{\"R"p B"r\"p, _\"O": _\"W"p\"uS" "uO"p "sW"\"N"p,
@ppB"V"`G"XV"pX"{S"p, @ppB"Zpu: @w^N"pB"Zpu: V"`pu Y"pu G"zV"ppu&{O"_"sB"SR"E"E"pT": O"uS" X"{S"p _"\"O"pu {QBR"p T"sS": X"rX"_"p E", O"QR": O"_Y"p B"r\"pY"p R":,
`pZ{O"@p `pZp\"r X"wN"prp{OY"z {V"_"O"p_"pvW"pBY"z \"`{O" $ S"S"s X"wNppS"pz
@NJ>{> @O"z W"\"{O"? O"e"p` - T"sZQX"{Y"O"s: T"sZpSO"@_Y" W"sG"pu^"pQp{S"_"pvW"pBY"pO"o {S"OY"z
OY"SO"z @NJ>@\"O"r _"ZpuX"p"p $ `pu _"\"p"Y"| bX"rT"_"""ZrZY"u:> O"\" B"r\"pB"O"z
_"pvSQY"| p"Y"T"ZzT"Zp{R"M>{X"{O" X"SO"\Y"X"o $$ 68 $$
uzw
P u. Pzx uzusk. PQa_ uU Szv \.
zu v uU Szx. & uz usi x mP.
& ]x Pn Hmhx. (68)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" W"\"pS"rB"r\"pz \"N"Y"{O" - W"sG"u{O" $ X"sA"z @X"{X"\" X"sA"@X"z O"_Y" Y""pz O"_Y"
{dY"z "puW"pX"o $ @X"S"p_"pY"z \"O"sz B"r\"pz {\"{"S"{> - @NJ>@\"O"r ZpuX"p"\"O"r $ {S"OY"{X"{O"
T"QX"sW"Y"e" _"zV"RY"O"u $ Y"_Y"p R"pu `pZ{O"@p X"wN"prp{OY"z X"wN"p"puW"pz \"`{O" {V"W"{O" $
X"wN"pr_"pY"pP"| `pZ{O"@pz {\"{"S"{> - @ppB": @w^N"pB": O"_Y" V"`G"zV"p \", _"
O"P"p, O"uS" X"{S"p $ _T">X"SY"O"o $ G"zV"p: "v\": T" {O" X"u{QS"r@Z: $$ 38$$
uzu \vP
UP Eu.
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù T"ZX"u"qZ ! {S"OY"X"S"\"ZO"z T"sZQX"{Y"O"sZr"Z_Y" W"sG"pu^"pO"o p{S"_"pvW"pBY"pO"o,
@NJ>@\"O"r T"s@T"p{@pT"tN"p@pZp O"\" B"r\"p X"sA"@X"S"p{dY"z \"QS"S"{S"@pNL-
Bpr\"p - Pzx
187
_"pvW"pBY"z R"f"u pdY"{O" $ @X"_Y" E"u"pz O"O"o _Y"pO"o, R"_O"pO@QX"_"z_"B"pu X"wN"p_"z_"B""

@P"z S" W"\"O"rOY"p"zY"p` - _\"O": "uO"p _\"W"p\"uS"v\" "sW"\"N"p, @ppBpV"`G"XV"pX"{S"p @ppB"_"sB"SR"E"E"pT"uS" X"{S"p _"\"O"pu {QBR"p, `pZ{O"@p X"spX"pp,
X"wN"prp{OY"z T"_"z@s @pNL>pR"puW"pB"_"zM>T"{SY"z@s Z_"pvW"pBY"z, Y"Q_X"pO@pZN"pO"o
\"`{O", O"uS" @pZN"uS" B"r\"p X"sA"@X"S"p{b"Y"z R"f"u {O" _"zV"SR": $ `pu OY"S"uS"
p"Y"T"QuS" _"\"p"Y"_"pvSQY"bX"r_"zT"""ZrZY"u:> O"\" B"r\"pO"pB"O"z _"pvSQY"| p"Y"T"ZzT"Zp{R"M>{X"{O" X"SO"\Y"X"o $$ 68 $$
isi
UP Eu. (68)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
W"sG"pu^"p{Q{O" $ T"sZQX"{Y"O"s: {"\"_Y" W"sG"pWY"pX"pu^"pO"o p{S"pO"o
@NJ>@\"O"r O"\"uY"z B"r\"p X"sA"@X"_Y" X"sA"pZ{\"SQ_Y" S"p{dY"z @pNL>"puW"pz R"f"u $ _\"O":
_\"W"p\"O": "uO"p, @ppBpV"`G"XV"puS" @w^N"pB"_"X"t`T"z@u S" X"{S"p `pZ{O"@p $ `pu
p"Y"|, X"wN"prp{OY"z {V"_""puW"pz Y"_X"pO"o \"`{O" R"f"u $ Y"Q`pu OY"e" O"QR" OY"{T"
T"pK>: $ O"e" O"QR"pu B"r\"pY"p R" OY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - T"sZ_Y" G"pB"O_\"T"n_"s^"sY"\"_P"pe"Y"_Y"
QX"{Y"O"s: S"p"@_Y" O"\" W"sG"pu^"pO"o bX"rW"sG"p{S"pO"o $ Y"p @NJ>@\"O"r O" \" B"r\"p
{O" T"QEFuQ> : $ : bX"r: O"Y"p O" Y"s $ \"@pZ \"pP"u, OT"bu "ppuO"@:
S"p{dY"{X"OY"S"SO"Zz Y"puGY": $ P"\"p bX"r: O"_Y"p{X"O"z bXY"pS"sB"O"z {\"^N"sz \"pO"r{O"
O"\"p, _"p E"p_"pv B"r\"p E"u{O" W"B"\"Qp{>p bXY"p B"r\"uOY"P": $ @"r T"sZQX"{Y"O"s_O"\"
W"sG"pu^"pO"o @NJ>@\"O"rOY"P": $ "u^"z _"X"pS"X"o $$
Pu
UP Eu. qzv , P, yUP G
zu Azu EUS B[Pzu sPzx m\
uz usk Pshx. x . (68)
pS"SQ`Zr
W"sG"pu^"p{Q{O" - T"sZ{\"G"{Y"S"pu X"ù"_Y" W"sG"pWY"pX"pu^"pO"o p{S"pO"o {S"OY"z
@NJ>@\"O"r, @X"S"pT"b"u @NJ>{@O"p, O"\"uY"z B"r\"p X"sA"T"_Y" @X"_Y" S"p{dY"z @pNL>"puW"pz
R"f"u R"pZY"{O" $ Y"QR"pu Y"_Y"p B"r\"pY"p R":, `pZT"p {O"@p X"wN"pY"p: _\"T"X"wN"p_Y"
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -69
188
V"`l@QX"vX"{S"p $ Y"QR" OY"e" Y"Q`pu {O" T"pKu> Y"O"o Y"_X"pO"o `pu p"Y"{X"OY"P": $ r
_Y"pO@p{E"SX"wN"pY"p{Q{\"\"b"pT"E"Y"u Y"QrOY"X"Z: $ T"sZ{\"G"{Y"S" OY"e" T"sZQX"{Y"O"sqZOY"{T"
{E"OT"pK>: $$ 68 $$
Bu
UP. (69
*
B"u ZuA"p{_O"pu B"{O"B"X"@B"rO"v@{S"T"sN"u

{\"\"p`1\Y"pS"T"B"sN"2B"sN"_"zAY"pT"{O"W"s\": $
{\"ZpG"SO"u S"pS"p{\"R"X"R"sZ ZpB"p@Z3W"s\"pz
e"Y"pN"pz B"pX"pN"pz {_P"{O"{S"Y"X"_"rX"pS" \" O"u $$ 69 $$
P Pv PvPP RuP{n
1 |zuSn 2 Sn[U v:>
u ||u x P 3 P
zn Un vv{| Cu >> 69
1. {\"\"pQ u 2. {e"BpsNp zSn, 3. \"pBpp@Z PP
u & PvPP RuP{n ! Pv PP Ru C uzx
!, u P E Pzv v: P:& PkP
(u) |zu (z) SnSn [Uv: vnzv x
Pmhmh iP P AhP, ||u
x ()PP zn Un C P[P
u Q[P vv {|: C & GU
Pmkmi PkP , u [SQ.
P\zu[Pz\uPu,
P G u|[P { .
P\,
bX"rR"Zp
B"u @NK>T"Qu "u ZuA"p: W"pBY"ZuA"p:, \"rT"p: {O": - pJu> E" B"u E"v\" X"RY"u E"p{T"
\"{e"Y"X"o $ rT"s_z "Y"puqZQz c"uY"z X"`p_"pvW"pBY"_"tE"@X"o $$ {O" _"pX"s{@X"o $ B"{O"B"X"@B"rO"v@{S"T"sN"u!
B"{O": _"rO"B"{O":$ _"rO"_Y" u B"O"r X"pB"pu Qu"r E"u{O" $ B"X"@: _\"Z_Y" @XT":-_\"Z_Y"
Bpu ZuA"p: - Pzv PkP
189
B"X"@: XT"__" E" T""{\"R"__X"wO": $ {O" W"ZO"u $ O"u E" T""T"@pZp_O"e"v\" c"pO"\Y"p: $ B"rO"z
R"pO"sX"pO\"pOX"@z {{\"R"X"o $ \"pDoX">pO"sEY"O"u B"uY"z R"pO"sqZOY"{W"R"rY"O"u $ {O" $$ O"e" @p
X"sAY"p E"p_"pv {S"T"sN"p E" O"_Y"p__"XV"s{: $
{\"\"p`\Y"pS"T"B"sN"B"sNp_"zAY"pT"{O"W"s\": {\"\"pù p`_"X"Y"u \Y"pS"p: {\""u^"uN"
X"_"te"V"SR"S"pS"SO"Zz O"O_"X"rT"u p _"X"SO"pO"o @NKz> @wOX"p\"wOY" S"p: V"p: T"B"sN"B"sN"p:
V"`lO"SO"s{S"{X"O"_"te"p{N" $ O"p{S" e"rNY"u\" Y"P"puz B"w@pZv:- X"pY"O"SO"sS"pS"uS" V"R"p
X"_"te"@X"o $ \"pX"`_O"u _"Zz V"R\"p @NKu> E" {e"_"Zz O"P"p $$ {O" $$ Qz E"pS"sp> S"z Qu"O"pu
\Y"\"_P"p{T"O"X"o $ O" \" {E"u"u X"_"te"V"SR"S"z {E"u"u _"Ze"Y"V"SR"S"z E"
{E"QlW"Y"X"{T" S"p_O"r{O" $ _Y" X"O"z _"\"e"p_O"r{O" $ Y"p-B"SP"@wO"pu Qu"u O"QlW"Y"pS"sp> S"z
{\"O" \"u{O" c"uY"X"o $ T"B"sN"B"sN"pS"pz _"zAY"p{e"O\"z O"_Y"p: T"{O"W"s\": $ Y"P"p T"{O"W"t: f"X"N"_Y"
R"X"N"| c"pT"Y"{O" \"z _"zAY"pz c"pT"Y"O"r{O" T"{O"W"s\" OY"sX"o $ _"pc"pT"@p:
_X"QpdY"@NKu> "XW"sS"p T"t\"| W"B"\"O"r{\"\"p`_"X"Y"u _"Ze"Y"X"{_X"S"o _P"u V"{X"{O" %N> "pz
c"pT"Y"{O" \"{e"Y"{X"{O" W"p\": $ {\"ZpG"SO"u {O"O"Zpz T"@p"SO"u $ S"pS"p{\"R"X"R"sZZpB"p@ZW"s\"pz S"pS"p{\"R"p: S"u@T"@pZp: X"R"sZp: X"S"puZX"p ZpB"p: O"u^"pX"p@ZW"s\": B"{O"_P"pS"p{S"
pdY"W"tO"p: O"u^"pX"o $
Y"X"P":-B"O"Y": T"", O"QlOP"p: B"pX"ZpB"p: {e"z"O"o, T"ZpB"p: pv,> ZpB"p_O"s
{\"z"{O":, G"S"@ZpB"p: T""Q", W"p^"pZpB"p: ^"NN"\"{O":, {\"W"p^"pZpB"p: {\"z"{O":,
pSO"Zp W"p^"p" e"Y": OY"p{Q@z ZpB"pRY"pY"T"{O"T"pX"e"p\"B"SO"\Y"X"o$ O"u E" ZpB"p:
T"{_"p:,
X"RY"X"p\"O"rX"p\"rdrW"vZ\"r\"pr\"_"SO"pR"SY"p_"rQuY"p{Q@z
ZpBppX"o $
\"up\"O"rps\"ZprT"s"pBp\"ZparS"pJ>p{Q@z W"p^"pX"o $ ZpX"{@Y"p{Q@z {@Y"pX"o$
T"\"rR"rC"tG"Zr\"ZparX"`ZrT"X"sA"z T"pz E" ZpBppVQuS" _"zBpw`rO"z OY"sz S"pS"p{\"R"
X"R"sZZpBpp@ZW"s\"pz {O" $ e"Y"Nppz BpX"pNppz, BpX"pVQ: _"X"t`\"pE"@: $ _"\"u _\"Zp: e"uR"p
_"zÒ"p: ^"LoG"BppX"pu X"RY"X"BppX"pu BppSR"pZBppX" {O" e"uR"p _\"Z_"z`{O": $ O"e" W"tpu@u
B"pX"Y"_Y"v\" T"_"Z:$ _""_\"ZpN"pX"pZpu`p\"Zpu`@X"uN" X"tFS> "pdY"O\"X"o $ O"" X"SX"RY"O"pZpOX"S"p e"uR"p W"\"{O" $ B"pSR"pZB"pX"_Y" {"Z:_P"pS"O\"pSX"Sp{Q@X"uN"puT"@X"p_"zW"\"pO"o
B"pSR"pZB"pX"pu Qu\"pu@u T"_"wO":$ $ Y"P"puz "pQ\u "uS" B"pX"__\"Z_"X"t`__Y"pSX"tFS> "pQu__"X"pdY": $ O"pv pv R"ZpO"u _Y"pO"pz ^"LoG> "B"pX"_O"P"p{QX": $$ {O"rY"pu X"RY"X"B"pX":
O"Y"pub "N"X"sEY"O"u $ @X"pO_\"ZpN"pz _""pS"pX"pZpu`"p\"Zpu`N"X"o $$ X"tFS> "uOY"sEY"O"u B"pX"Y"u
O"p__"" _"" E" $$ {O" $$
190
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -69
O"p: X"tFS> "p: "sO"pS"p: OY"sEY"SO"u $ O"" W"B"\"OY"p: @NK>\"{e"Y"\"N"S"pY"pz

B"pX"e"Y"@P"S"z Qu\"pu@\Y"\"`pZpsGY"O" OY"S"s_"SR"uY"X"o $ O"u^"pz B"pX"pN"pz {_P"{O"{S"Y"X"_"rX"pS": {_P"O"u: \"_P"pS"_Y" {S"Y"X"pP"| T"Z_T"Zz B"pX"pN"pz _"Zpu X"p W"t{Q{O" O"u^"pX"SO"u
Z{E"O"p: _"rX"pS": _"uO"\" \" O"u O"\" $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù W"B"\"{O" ! B"{O"B"X"@B"rO"v@{S"T"sN"u ! O"u B"u {O"pu ZuA"p: {\"\"p`\Y"pS"T"B"sN"_"pT"{O"W"s\": S"pS"p{\"R"X"R"sZZpB"p@ZW"s\"pz e"Y"pN"pz B"pX"pN"pz [_P"{O"{S"Y"X"_"rX"pS" \" {\"ZpG"SO"u $ T"t\"rR"u S"sX"pS"ppZ:, ZuA"pB"O"{e"O\"_Y" X"_"Z{e"O\"pS"sX"pT"@O\"pO"o $ S"sX"pS"_Y" {\"{EF>fY"pOX"@O\"z
pv{@@ppZ\"vb"NY"pQu\"$ O"vb"NY"z E" T"b"R"X"O"pX"pe"pO"o \Y"pY"W"p\" \", W"Y"_"p\"u pv{@@X"u\" _Y"p{Q{O" Z`_Y"X"o$ {\"{EF>{f"Zpv{@@ "puW"p $ f"ZpR"u OT"bu "ppZ:
W"B"\"OY"p: @NK>X"RY"\"{O"_\"ZB"pX"{e"O"Y"ùO"s{E"O"Y"p \"{e"Y"_Y" _"XW"p\"S"pO"o $$ 69 $$
u
| Pzv Ck iP (PkP) Ax
Bq soS U Ah. E Pzv
UPP E. U^ u^ G C[Ru Pv 5 P PP
G C, } uzx . UP x G
Pzuz ux G T. C Azv } uu. vnzv
x [P zzuU Pzua _ ( \kPP)U Pmi Chx
P v G U Pmk. u\zvSz u\ Cx k. [P
z mk, [P mk Pmk. ] Ch[P Csk.
\[Px u\zv Csk Esk Gz uQx. \kP Gsn
{kzxx iP.
Ph Pkzu [Qh {kzu A
v. Pzv E P vQx. ] v Pzv
\kPU Pmi G {kzxQ CUPkP. PvP 5, Avx
u QP[P 30, EP[P 8, P[P 20, PP[P 15,
P[P 96, P[P 20, AuP[P 3, G Pzzv UP
[Ru AbPhx ux P six. zw, , ,
, [P, u, u],u] u P[P[P, w,
_zu, P, |mh u [P. U u
Q[P, w, T, , u E[P G P[P. A
u. ushzush vx vuPU Q. mU,
zU, PuU G zuSP. Pzv C
Q[P UQ E. HuSP. H[P
Bn A n a\ A. z, z, u
G Ax P, Pu Q uPzv mk x. Cu
191
a\P _zu u Gk. u uPzuhu

Q[P Ah Ch . Au iP
Q[P GP {kzx. (69)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
Bpu {O" $ ù B"{O"B"X"@B"rO"v@{S"T"sN"u ! O"\" B"u {O"pu ZuA"p: {\"\"p`\Y"pS"{e"B"sN"B"sN"_"zAY"pT"{O"W"s\":; {\"\"p`_"X"Y"u "ZuN" V"{e"B"sN"r@wO"X"pY"_"te"_Y" _"p{b"N"pu
{\"ZpG"SO"u $ S"pS"p{\"R"X"R"sZZpB"p@ZW"s\"pz S"pS"pT"@pZ^"L>G>o "X"RY"X"p{Q_""_\"ZpS"sV"SR"X"R"sZX"pR"sY"\"_"SO"X"pR"\"B"pvLB> "sG"Z@N"pJ@> pS"pz ZpB"p{QB"rO"pS"pz OT"{f"_P"pS"pS"pz W"tX"rS"pz,
e"Y"pN"pz B"pX"pN"pz ^"LoG> "B"pX"RY"X"B"pX"T""X"B"pX"pN"pz, {_P"{O"{S"Y"X"_"rX"pS" \", O\"X"e" {O">,
O\"X"e" {O"u{> O" {_P"{O"S"vY"OY"@wO": _"rX"pS": _UsZSO"rOY"P": $ e"puT"X"p _T">p, T"@z E" $$
69 $$
Uzu &
Pv, PP, Ru G C ua] Psh ! E
Pzv PkP vnzvx ] Pmi \kP
\P, C P[P AP u m & z
g\Q[P GUPkP . (69)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
@NK>B"O"ZuA"pe"Y"X"sOT"bu "O"u - B"u {O" $ ù B"{O"B"X"@B"rO"v@{S"T"sN"u ! B"{O": O"uS" T"QuS"
_"{Ò": ZpB"_"zQW":, B"X"@: _P"p{Y"_\"Z_Y" T"sS": T"sS": T"pu^"N"X"o, B"rO"z _"X"s{E"O"pP"T"V"SR"_"zQW":, O"u^"s _P"pS"u^\"u\" _"zB"rO""pz _"zT""X"o $ B"{O"_O"s ZpB"_"zQW"X"ppT":
T"qZ@{O"O": $ B"X"@pu X"sAY"S"pQ_Y" T"qZT"pu^"pu Z_"pOX"@: $ B"rO"z T"V"SR"M>pP"| Z"@:
"{EY"O"u $$ {O" $ {\"\"p`\Y"pS"T"B"sN"BpsNp_"zAY"pT"{O"W"s\":; {\"\"pù X"`pQu\"uS" @wO"u
T"p{N"T"rL>S"u \Y"pS"pu V": T"B"sN"B"sN":, Y"pu X"pY"_"te"T":, O"_Y" _"zAY"pY"p: {e"T"@pZp:
T"{O"W"s\": _"Y": $ O"Qlz W"\"{O" {\"\"p`@pu T"P"X"X"u\" X"pY"_"te"{X"{O" @SY"pY"p:
@NKu> V"RY"O"u $ O"_Y" T"B"sN"B"sN" {O" _"zc"p $ O"uS" X"pY"_"te"uN" {\"S"p b"N"X"{T" S" {O">{O"
_"W"O"w@ p $ T"OY"s: T"pN"pS"o _\"@Y"X"pY"_"te"pWY"SO"Zu R"pZY"{SO" T"{O"\"O"p{Y": {O"
T"{_"{: $ O" \" X"pY"_"te"b"N"z \"{_"uS> "puX"o - V""{\"^N\"r"T"u^"s ZSR"û \"puO"z
{e"O"SO"s@X"o $ {e"Z"z X"G"z rN"pz X"pY"pW"ZN"z {\"Ql: $$ {O" $ X"pY"_"te"_Y" B"sN"pS"pz
{e"_"zAY"Y"p _"X"pS"p: {e"ZuA"p: @NK>_P"p {O" O"O_"pXY"X"o $ Bb"N"{b"O"p: O"\" B"u
192
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -69
ZuA"p: @P"z {\"ZpG"SO" OY"O" p` S"pS"p{\"R"X"R"sZZpB"p@ZW"s\"pz S"pS"p{\"R"pS"pz X"R"sZZpB"pN"pz

drZpB"X"`Zr{O"pW"tT"ppQrS"pX"o, p@ZW"s\"pz OT"{f"_P"pS"W"tO"pS"pz {e"_"zAY"pS"pz
B"pX"pN"pz B"pSR"pZX"RY"X"^"LoG> "pAY"pS"pz ZpB"@QXV"@pS"pX"o, {_P"{O"{S"Y"X"_"rX"pS" \"
{_P"OY"P"X"\"_P"pS"pP"| {S"Y"X"uS" {\"{">p: _"rX"pS": T"Qu "p: {S"Y"X"_"rX"pS":, SY"puSY"@`@pqZN"pz _"rX"p{\"\"pQ{S"\"pZN"pY" Qu"Y"_"zR"pv QrY"X"pS"\"wb"B"O"A"pO"{"pO"sY"p ZuA"pQY": T"{_"p: O"f"\" B"u _"Qp S"O"X"pS"pS"pz _"zB"rO"B"pX"pN"pz {_P"OY"P"| {S"Y"X"pP"| _"rX"pS" \"
O"u B"u ZuA"p: Qr{"z T"pT"n\s "{SO" $ S"uS" _"zB"rO"Z{_"@O"p W"B"\"OY"p T"\"{N"O"p $ $$ 69 $$
Anv
Pv, PP, Ru G ! (Pv & P B, PP,
UQ zv , Ru & \ E D.)
uh vn |hux [P zv PmiuS
AhP E Pzv iP E. u u i, (Sn
Sn.) Pnh Ti | x Cuz u. zvP
Ai z[P, u[Pzu [P Bn.
Cu v Pzv PP. C P Q,
C GUPkP . u ]u[RuP Gx
EmQh.
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
B"u ZuA"p {O" $ @NKu> ZuA"pe"Y"z O"s _\"W"p\"uS" \"O"O"u $ @XV"sB"r\"p _"uOY"{W"R"pS"pO"o $
T"ZX"u"Y"p: @NKu> ZuA"pe"Y"z \"NY"O"u $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ, O"\" B"u @NKu> {O"pu ZuA"p {\"ZpG"SO"u $
_"pX"s{@u O"s @NK>_P"ZuA"pe"Y"z _"sb"N"O\"uS"puX"o $ {@zb"N"u B"u B"{O"B"X"@B"rO"v@{S"T"sN"u
B"{O"" B"X"@p" B"rO"z E" O"p{S", O"e"v@pu&_"pR"pZN"{S"T"sN":, Y"{_X"S"o @NKu> O"u&S"SY"_"pR"pZN"O"Y"puOT"SO"u, O"p"u $ P"\"p ù B"qO"B"X"@B"rO"v@{S"T"sN"u, ppT"_Y" X"R"sZO"Y"p
T"\"p`SY"pY"uS" T"_"pZN"z B"{O":, B"rO"_Y" AY"p{{O" W"p^"p, B"X"@: B"rY"X"pS"ZpB"_Y" B"tMp> S"pz
W"tO"_\"ZpN"pz X"S"pu`Z: @XT": _\"Z_Y" @XT"pu B"X"@: dpuO"w{E"f"_"sA"p\"`: $ _" E"
T""Q"W"uQ: $ {O"ZY" ... qZO":, @{XT"O":, rS":, pSQpu{O"z, \"{e"z, @sz, S"pÒ"z,
p_":, `{_"O"z, p{\"O":, B"s{z UO":, S"p{X"O":, {X"{dO": $ B"rO"z Z"S"_\"Z_"SQ"S"_"SQW"@: $ B"qO"B"X"@T"R"pS"u B"rO"u @:, @pu&_"pR"pZN"pu \"p {S"T"sN": $ {@zb"N"p ZuA"p:,
{\"\"p`\Y"pS"T"B"sN"B"sN"_"zAY"pT"{O"W"s\":, {\"\"pù \Y"pS"z Y"OT"B"sN"B"sN"z O"_Y" Y"p _"zAY"p O"e"
T"{O"W"s\": _"p{b"NY":$ Y"X"P": - @N"pJp> {QQu"u @sX"pZrN"pz {\"\"p`p\"_"Zu @sz @sX"pN"_"te"e"Y"-
193
{S"{X"O"z QpuZ@z X"pY"pP"| B"u V"RY"O"u $ O"_Y" S"pX" T"B"sN"B"sN"{X"{O" $ O"u V"X"o $ O"e"
_"te"p{N" {@Y"{SO"? _"{SO" e"r{N" $ \"z {\"W"\"u _"{O" _"pv\"N"p{S" W"\"{SO" $ O"p{S" E"
V""{\"^N"sQv\"O"p{S" $ O"Qlz V""{\"^N\"r"T"z O"s {e"\"wf"z O"{Oe"O"SO"s@X"o $ {e"Z"z X"G"z
rN"pz X"pY"pW"ZN"z {\"Ql: {O" $ O"e" T"{O"W"s\": _"p{b"NY": $ Y"{Q E"O"sP"X"{T" _"te"z _Y"pf"Qp
O"OT"{O"{V"XV"W"tO"p E"O"sPY"{T" ZuA"p {f"u{> Q{O" $ {E"O"o {e"B"sN"B"sN"_"zAY"pT"{O"W"s\" {O"
T"pK>: $ O"Qp {e"B"sN"_Y" O"_Y" Y"p B"sN"_"zAY"p, O"_Y"pz _"zAY"pY"pz T"{O"W"s\" OY"sOT"bu Y"O"u $
pu@puf"Z\"rN"p_\"T"u O"\" @NKu> T"pY"Y"pN"pz ^"L>G>o "X"RY"X"pB"pSR"pZp{QX"RY"X"B"pX"pNppz
[_P"{O" {S"Y"X"_"rX"pS" \" $ Y"X"P":- B"pX": _\"Z_"X"t`: _Y"pSX"tFS> "pQu: _"X"pdY": {O"
_""_\"Z_"X"t`pOX"@pu B"pX": $ O"e" ^"LoG> "B"pSR"pZX"RY"X"pS"pz SY"O"X"_Y" V"w`f\"u _"{O"
O"f"QoB"pX"S"pX"p W"\"{O" $ O"e"pY"z B"pX": O"p\"{O" Qu"u {O">O"s, _Y"vO"p\"{O" T"Qu "u {_P"{O":,
_Y"vO"p\"{O" T"Qu "u {_P"{O"qZ{O" _"rX"p{S"Y"X"ZuA"p \" $ Y"e" _"rX"p{S"Y"X": {@Y"O"u, O"e"
ZuA"p{Q@z {@Y"O"u $ P"\"p X"SX"RY"O"pZB"pX"pN"pz \"p {_P"{O"_"rX"{S"Y"p{X"@p ZuA"p OY"P": $
{@zb"N"pS"pz B"pX"pN"pz S"pS"p{\"R"X"R"sZZpB"p@ZW"s\"pz, S"pS"p{\"R"p: ^"pL>\"pvL\> "_"zT"tN"_"z@N"p{QW"uQSu " {W""p:, O"u E" X"R"sZp: X"pR"sY"uN "ppTY"X"pS"p: Y"u ZpB"p: drZpB"X"pZS"pJ>B"pvLr> V"pT"W"wO"Y":, O"u^"pX"p@ZW"s\": A"S"Y"pu B"pX"p: O"u^"pX"o $ B"pX"u^\"S"u@{\"R"p ZpB"p
OT"SO" OY"P": $ S"uS" V""pS"SQpQTY"{R"@pu B"rO"pS"SQ:, O"_Y"pu"O"u: _\"pW"p{\"@_O\"p@Z: O"\" @NK>:, O"uS" @u\"S"pQV""T"p O\"{X"{O" $ B"u ZuA"p {O" T"_Y" Z`_Y"pP": $
E"pT"X"Se"pupZ: $ B"u ZuA"p {O" $ B"u {O" {\"R" {_P"{O" R", {\"R" {_P", {\"R" {_P"{O",
P"R"pS"pz Y"z {V"SQlY"X"o (P"z R"z) $$ 69 $$
BuQ
EP u [Ru ~m[P UP[PUS
UP. Ru UU G. PP & UQ[P C C. Cx
15 Pk. Pu u. UP[P EP
E. Cu P] \v u u G. (69)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
B"u {O" $ ù B"{O"B"X"@B"rO"v@{S"T"sN"u B"OY"puB"X"@z B"{O"B"X"@z Y"rO"z O"e"v@p {S"T"sN"p
O"O_"zV"s{:, _"rO"_Y" u B"O"r X"pB"pv O"Y"puB"X"@: _\"Z_Y" T""{\"R": @zT":, O"_Y" B"rO"z S"pX"
_"X"s{E"O"pP"_"zV"SR"_"SQW": $ O"u^"s {S"T"sN"u W"B"\"{O", O"u B"u {O"pu ZuA"p: {\"ZpG"SO"u "puW"SO"u $
{@z{\"R"p ZuA"p: {\"\"p`\Y"pS"{e"B"sN"B"sN"_"zAY"pT"{O"W"s\":, {\"\"pù p`_"X"Y"u \Y"pS"p
194
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -69
{\""u^"uN" X"_"te"V"SR"S"pS"SO"Zz O"O_"X"rT"u p _"X"SO"pS@wOz @NK>X"p\"wOY" S"p V"p:

{e"B"sN"p O"p"p Y"u B"sN"p_O"SO"\":, O"u^"pz Y"p _"zAY"p {e"O\"T"p O"_Y"p: T"{O"W"s\"pu c"p{T"@p: $
Y"P"p E"puz B"w@pZv:, X"pY"O"SO"sS"p&S"uS" V"R\"p X"_"te"@X"o $ \"pX"`_O"u _"Zz V"R\"p
@NKu> E" {e"_"Zz _X"wO"{X"{O" $ X"pY"_"te"uN" {\"S"p _"W"O"w@ p: b"N"X"{T" S" {O">{SO" $
X"_"te"z \"{_">Su "puz V""{\"^N\"rpT"u^"s ZSR"\"wf"{e"O"SO"s@X"o $ {e"Z"z X"G"z rNppz
X"pY"pW"ZN"z {\"Ql: $ e"puOT"bu "O"u - @P"zW"tO"p \" $ O"u O"\" e"Y"pN"pz B"pX"pN"pz B"pSR"pZX"RY"X"^"LoG> "pAY"pS"pz ZpB"@QXV"@pS"pz {_P"{O"{S"Y"X"_"rX"pS" \" {_P"O"p: $ O"u^"pX"\"_P"pS"_Y"
{S"Y"X"pP"| B"pX"pN"pz T"Z_T"Zz _"z@Zpu X"pW"t{Q{O" O"u^"pX"SO"u _"rX"pS". T"Qu "p \" $
SY"puSY"@`@pqZN"pz _"rX"p{\"\"pQ{S"`ZN"pY" Qu"_Y" T"pSO"_"SR"pv QrY"X"pS"p ZuA"p
\"wb"B"O"A"pO"{"p@sY"pQY": T"{_"p: $ O"f"\" B"u _"\"Qp \"O"X"pS"pS"pz _"zB"rO"B"pX"pN"pz
{_"P"| {S"Y"X"_"rX"pS" \" O"\" ZuA"p: Qr{"z T"pT"n\s "{SO" $ {@z{\"R"pS"pz B"pX"pN"pz,
S"pS"p{\"R"ZpB"p@ZW"s\"pz S"pS"p{\"R"p S"pS"pT"@pZp: Y"u X"R"sZZpB"p: drZpB"X"pZW"tT"ppQY":,
O"u^"pX"p@ZW"s\": OT"{f"_P"pS"p{S" O"u^"pz O"P"pupS"pX"o$ S"uS" _"Qp _"zB"rO"{\"pZ{_"@O"p
W"B"\"OY"p \"{N"O"p $$ 69 $$
uzw
JUP PPmk G vUP , ,
GU P, UP Azx G Sx [Ru
Q[P GUPkP E Pzv PkP.
P Ps. (69)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
B"u uA"pe"Y"X"sOT"ub "X"pN"pu \"N"Y"{O" - B" {O" $ ù B"{O"B"X"@B"rO"v@{S"T"sN"u, O"\" B"u
{_P"O"p uA"p ZuA"p: {\"\"pQ\Y"pS"T"B"sN"B"sN"_"zAY"pT"{O"W"s\" {O" {\"ZpG"SO" OY"S\"Y": $ e"
V"pN"pu&Y"z b"{e"Y" \"uOY"e"u\"u\""VQpu >\Y": $ B"{O"_O"f"O_\"T"c"pS"z O"_Y" B"X"@z T"pT"@z
_"rO""pz O"e" Y"p{S" B"rO"p{S" O"u^"s @p X"sAY"p E"p_"pv {S"T"sN"p E" B"{O"B"X"@B"rO"v@{S"T"sN"p,
O"O_"XV"puR"S"z O"P"p $ Y"p B"O"rS"pz O"O@pWY"sT"pY"pS"pz B"X"@p{S" E"O"sQ "{\"p_P"pS"p{S"
O"pSY"u\" B"rO"p{S" O"u^\"u@p X"sAY"p {S"T"sN"p, O"O_"zV"puR"S"z, O"P"p $ O"f"s _"X"sSX"rO"o
_"z{\"{QOY"e"puX"u\" $ Y"_Y"p: {Y"pu B"u ZuA"pe"Y"z, _"p T"@w >pS"u@B"sN"{\"{">p W"\"{O", S"u{O"
E"pT"Zu, {O" \"Zp`p{QX"sS"rS"pz {\"\"pQu {\"^"Y"u \Y"pS"p _"zV"p T"B"sN"B"sN"_"zAY"p
T"@w >B"sN"B"N"S"p O"_Y"pz T"{O"W"s\"pu "@p {S"N"Y"X"RY"_P"p OY"P": $ {\"\"p`\Y"pS"{e"B"sN"-
195
B"sN"_"zAY"pT"{O"W"s\" {O" T"pKu> {\"\"p`@X"{N" \Y"pS"pu {\""u^"uN" V"{B"sN"pu Y"pu B"sN": {e"B"sN"z
Y"SX"_"te"z O"e" Y"p {e"O\"_"zAY"p O"_Y"p: T"{O"W"s\"pu {S"N"uY "p OY"P": $ T"sS"OT"bu "pSO"ZX"p` e"Y"pN"pz B"pX"pN"pz O"pZX"SC"puZpN"pz Y": {_P"{O"{S"Y"X": O"e" _"rX"p X"Y"pQ\u " $ S"pS"p{\"R"X"R"sZ\"pB"p@ZW"s\"pz, S"pS"p{\"R"X"R"sZ\"pE"pX"p@Z: _P"pS"{X"{O" B"pX"{\""u^"N"X"o $ B"{O"B"X"@uOY"e" O"wG"@pWY"pz @O"Zr{O" ^">r_"X"p_"{S"^"uR"u&{T" O"OT"Y"puG"@pu ùO"s"u{O" c"pT"@pO_"X"p_": $
B"{O"{X"pB"u Q"pY"puG"S"X"pe"pWY"sT"pY"Y"pu: $ S"pL>r\"N"u _"ZNY"pz E"u{O" X"u{QS"r@Z: $$ 69 $$
uzu\vP
so Pzv E PkP [P ]u Sn[P
Ah? G uzv (u|zu) zu {nP
E u Pzv PkP. u & z & PU[P
GU PhP E. C \m]P Ezv u.
. (69)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù B"{O"B"X"@B"rO"v@{S"T"sN"u ! B"{O"Y"uS "ppT"uS" ZpB": _"SQW":, B"X"@: _P"p{Y"_\"Z_Y" T"sS":
T"sS": C"pu^"N"z, B"rO"z _"X"s{"O"pP"T"V"SR"_"SQW":, O"u^"s _"\"u^ \"{T" {S"T"sN"u $ O"u^"s _P"pS"u^\"u\" _"\"|
_"rO""pz _"XT""X"o $ B"rO"_O"s ZpB"_"rO"u _" ppT": T"@{O"O": $ B"X"@pu X"sAY"S"pQ_Y"
T"qZW"p\"pu Z_"pOX"@: $ B"rO"z T"V"SR"M>pP"Z{"O"p Z{EY"O"u $$ {\"\"p`\Y"pS"T"B"sN"B"sN"_"zAY"pT"{O"W"s\":, {\"\"pù X"`pQu\"uS" @wO"T"p{N"T"rL>S"u \Y"pS"pu V": T"B"sN"B"sN"pu Y"pu
X"_"te"T": O"_Y" _"zAY"pY"p{T"@pZpY"p: T"{O"W"s\": _"Y": $ O"Qlz W"\"{O" - {\"\"p`@pu T"P"X"X"u\" X"pY"_"te"{X"{O" @SY"pS"pz @NKu> V"RY"O"u $ O"_Y" T"B"sN"B"sN" {O" _"zc"p $ O"uS"
X"pY"_"te"uN" {\"S"p b"N"X"{T" S" {O">{O" _"W"O"w@ p $ T"OY"s: T"pN"pS"o _\"@Y"X"_"t\"pWY"SO"Zu
_"pQZz R"pZY"{SO" T"{O"\"O"p: {Y" {O" T"{_"{: $ X"_"te"_Y" b"N"z \"{_"uS> "puX"o V""{\"^N\"r"T"z O"s {e"\"wf"z O"O"o {e"O"SO"s@X"o $ {e"Z"z X"G"z rN"pz X"pY"pW"ZN"z {\"Ql:
{O" $ O" \" X"pY"_"te"_Y" B"sN"pS"pz {e"_"zAY"Y"p _"X"pS"p: {e"ZuA"p: @NK>_P"p {O"
O"O_"pXY"X"o $ Bb"N"{b"O"p_O"\" B"u ZuA"p: @P"z {\"ZpG"SO"u OY"O" p` - S"pS"p{\"R"X"R"sZZpB"p@ZW"s\"pz S"pS"p{\"R"pS"pz X"R"sZZpB"pN"pX"o drZpB"`Zr{O"pW"tT"ppQrS"pX"o p@ZW"s\"pX"o OT"{f"_P"pS"W"tO"pS"pz e"Y"pN"pz {e"_"zAY"pS"pz B"pX"pN"pz BppSR"pZX"RY"X"^"LoG> "pAY"pS"pz
ZpB"@QXV"@pS"pz {_P"{O"{S"Y"X"_"rX"pS" \" {_P"OY"P"X"\"_P"pS"pP"| {S"Y"X"uS" {\"{">p: _"rX"pS":
T"Qu "p: {S"Y"X"_"rX"pS": $ SY"puSY"@`@pqZN"pz _"rX"p{\"\"pQ{S"`ZN"pY" Qu"Y"_"SR"pv
QrY"X"pS"\"wb"B"O"A"pO"{"p@sY"pZuA"pQY": T"{_"p: $ O"O"o O"\" B"u _"Qp \"O"X"pS"pS"pz
196
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -70
_"rO"B"pX"pN"pz {_P"OY"P"| {S"Y"X"_"rX"pS" \" B"u ZuA"p Qr{"z T"pT"n\s "{SO" $ S"uS" _"Qp
_"rO"{\"pZ{_"@O"p W"B"\"OY"p \"{N"O"p $$ 69 $$
isi
EP u UP. (69)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
B"u ZuA"p {O" $ ù B"{O"B"X"@B"rO"v@{S"T"sN"u, B"{O": O"O\"_\"T"c"pS"z O"_Y" B"X"@z c"pT"@z
_"zB"rO""pz, O"e" Y"p{S" B"rO"p{S" O"e" {S"T"sN"u E"O"sZu $ \"_O"sO"_O"s,Bp{O": ZpB"_"zB"rO"z, B"X"@z
_P"p{Y"_\"Z_Y" T"sS": T"sS"C"pu^ "N"z, B"rO"z _"X"s{"O"pP"T"V"SR"_"SQW": $ O"Qlz B"{O"_O"s ZpB"_"rO"z
_" ppT": T"@{O"O": $ B"X"@pu X"sAY"S"pQ_Y" T"qZW"p\"pu Z_"pOX"@:$ B"rO"z
T"V"SR"M>pP"Z{"O"p Z{qZ^Y"O"u $ {O" $ O"u^\"u@{S"T"sN"u T"ZX"E"O"sZu $ O"\" B"u {O"pu ZuA"p
{\"ZpG"SO"u "puW"SO"u $ @":? {\"\"p`@X"{N" \Y"pS"pu {\""u^"uN" V": {e"B"sN"pu Y"pu B"sN":
X"_"te"z, O"e" Y"p {e"O\"_"zAY"p, O"_Y"p: T"{O"W"s\"pu {S"N"ue Y": $ O"Qlz - V""{\"^N\"r"T"u^"s
ZSR"\"wf"z {e"O"SO"s@X"o$ {e"Z"z X"G"z rN"pz X"pY"pW"ZN"z {\"Ql: $ T"pK>pSO"Zu, {\"\"p`pP"|
\Y"pS"pu V"pu Y": T"B"sN" O@w>:, B"sN"_O"SO"s:, O"_Y" Y"p _"zAY"p O"OT"{O"W"s\": O"Gc"p{T"@p: $
Y"p\""Y"z T"{O"\"p{QS"pu B"sN"V"SR"S"z @s\"SO"rOY"pE"pZ: $ S"pS"p{\"R"pS"pz X"R"sZpN"pz ZpB"pN"pz
^"L>G>o "X"RY"X"p{Q_""_\"ZpS"sV"SR":, \"_"SO"B"pvLB> "sG"Z@N"pJp> {QB"rO"pS"pz, p@Z OT"{f":,
O"_Y"p: W"t{X"T"pN"pz e"Y"pN"pz {e"_"zAY"@pS"pz B"pX"pN"pz ^"L>G>o "X"RY"X"T""X"pS"pz B"pX"pN"pz
{_P"{O"{S"Y"X"_"rX"pS" \" T"Z_T"Z@`p{\">pS"pz B"pX"pN"pz {_P"OY"v Y"pu {S"Y"X":, O"QP"| _"rX"pS"
\" X"Y"pQp{E"T"p \"uOY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - B"{O"B"X"@uOY"p{Q B"_Y" {\""u^"N"X"o $ "u^"z
_"X"pS"X"o $$ 69 $$
Pu
u ! Pv G uzzv b Au PPQ [Ru
\v, Av Shmk Ru[P C uu A !
u UPzu Jmi. qzv & Pv & PP &
Ru[P uzu E Pzv PkP .
E.
pS"SQ`Zr
B"u {O" $ B"{O"B"X"@B"rO"v@{S"T"sN"u, B"{O"ZppT": B"X"@z _P"p{Y"_\"Z_Y" T"qZO": _"zE"pZ:,
B"rO"z _"QP"T"V"SR":, O"u^"s @p X"sAY"p {S"T"sN"p @pv"\"O"r Y"p O"P"p{\"R"p $ O"Qlz _"rO""pu
W"sG"p: - PP
197
- B"{O"" ZpB": _"rO"X"ppT"pu&{T" T"@{O"O": $ B"X"@pu X"sAY"S"pQ_Y" T"qZW"p\"pu

Z_"pOX"@: $ B"rO"z T"V"SR"pM>pP"| Z"S"p Z{qZ^Y"O" O" $ B"{O": _"rO"z O"_Y"p B"X"@z V"puR"@z
_"rO""pz O"e" Y"p{S" B"rO"p{S" O"u^\"u@{S"T"sN"u OY"P": {O" @u{E"O"o $ O"u O"\" B"u {O"pu ZuA"p:
{\"ZpG"SO"u $ @Y":, {\"\"pù {\""u^"uN"pS"pu V"pu Y": T"B"sN": T"@w >B"sN"Y"spu B"sN"pu X"_"te"z
O"_Y" Y"p _"zAY"p {e"T"p O"_Y"p: T"{O"W"s\"pu c"p{T"@p: $ T"B"sN"uOY"e" {e"B"sN"uOY"{T" {E"OT"pK>: $
{\"\"p`_"X"Y"u {e"B"sN"O"SO"sT"z X"Y"pW"ZN"z @SY"pY"p B"u V"SR"S"rY"{X"{O" Qp{b"N"pOY"pE"pZ: $
O"P"p E" \"{_"> {O" T"K>{O" - V""{\"^N\"r"T"uN" V"z \"wf"{e"O"SO"s@X"o $ {e"Z"z X"G"z
rN"pz X"pY"pW"ZN"z {\"Ql: $$ {\"\"pQ\Y"pS"u{O" T"pKu> {\"\"pQpP"| V"uOY"P": $ Y"p\""Y"pu S"
W"\"{O" O"p\"OT"Y"SO"z \"p{QS"pu B"u {e"B"sN"_"te"V"SR"S"z @ZpuO"r{O" Qu"{\""u^"pE"pZ: $ T"sS":
@Y":, S"pS"p{\"R"pS"pz X"R"sZpN"pz X"S"pu`ZpN"pz ZpB"pN"pz {S"^"pQ^"W"p{Q_""_\"Z_"zV"pS"pz
\"_"SO"B"pvLB> "sG"ZT"W"wO"rS"pz p@ZW"s\"pX"sOT"{f"_P"pS"pz e"Y"pN"pz ^"LoG> "B"pX"-X"RY"X"B"pX"B"pSR"pZB"pX"pN"pz _"rO""pT"{_"pS"pz {_P"O"p\"\"_P"pS"u Y"pu {S"Y"X": O"O_P" \"pS"uS"
_P"pO"\Y"{X"OY"p{QT": O"e" _"rX"pS"pu X"Y"pQpT"p \" $ \""VQ OT"bu "pY"pX"o $ B"pX"
@{_X"SB"u&\"{_P"O"pv {\"ZpuR"W""S"pY" {\"R"pe"p _"rX"pZuA"p \" @wO"p OY"P": $
B"pX"b"N"X"sz _"rO""pu - Y"P"p @sJs{>z V"S": _"\"u& TY"u@W"tO"p W"\"{SO" {` $ O"P"p _\"ZpN"pz
_"SQpu`pu B"pX" OY"{W"R"rY"O"u $ ^"LoG> "B"pX"pu W"\"uQppu X"RY"X"B"pX" \" E" $ B"pSR"pZB"pX" OY"uO"O"o
B"pX"e"Y"X"sQpO"X"o $ O"P"p S"Sp\"O"pu& P" G"rX"tO": "sW"Qpu B"pX"@pY": $ ^"L>G>o "X"RY"X"B"pSR"pZpY"pN"pz G"SX"ùO"\" {O" $$ 69 $$
Bu
[P Jk J v Ruzu ASkzxu Q[P
Gk. Sk[P Q[P JPU Tix x
Cx. x . (69)
*
X"wN"prX"wrS"pz O"\" W"sG"O"pS"pz E"O"_"wN"pz

E"O"s{W": _"pvSQY"| _"Z{_"G"W"\": _O"pv{O" \"QS"v: $
S"A"uWY": _"ze"_Y"S"o T"P"X"1X"P"S"pQSR"@qZT"pu:
E"O"sN"p| "r^"pN"pz2 _"X"X"W"Y"`_O"p3T"N"{R"Y"p $$ 70 $$
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -70
198
nz| u u| \un
\x: u : uv u: >
|P: z u 1 uz AuP:
\xn ^n2 Au 3nv >> 70
1. T"P"X"QX"S"pO"o X"QS"X"P"S"pO"o uu|z, u|u|z. 2.\"e"pNppz Uzn,
3. QpS"p u|.
u & u Ex nz| uU Szx
\un u| u |S Pi
PP AP, :& u u \x: u|:
|S P[P, u u|z (u|z) u uU Q, (u|u|z &
u Azu) AuP: AuP Gv ]x |P:
|P[Ph z & |k[Q, & J |zv \xn ^n
|S uP Aunv & A PmkQ P
UPsk Gsnzxh uv xvUQ.
P|P[Pu P P} u, , \xUz| u
u |[P { .
bX"rR"Zp
X"wN"pr {V"_"O"p O"O"o X"wrS"pz X"wQSm "pz, \"puO"pu B"sN"\"E"S"pO"o {O" D>rT"o $ O"\"
W"\"OY"p:, W"sG"O"pS"pz V"p`lO"pS"pz E"O"_"wNppz E"O"s{W": _"pvSQY"| _"pvW"pBY"z, _"Z{_"G"W"\"pu
V"p, _O"pv{O" T"_O"pv{O" $ \"QS"v: \"e"v:, S"A"uWY": @ZG"uWY": _"@p"pO"o, _"ze"_Y"S"o {V"WY"O"o
W"re"pP"pS"pz W"Y"ùO"s: OY"T"pQpS"u T""X"r $ T"P"X"X"P"S"pO"o T"t\"| X"{QO"\"O": $ @O"qZ Y"sJ>o $
Y"Qp` \"w{f"@pZ: \"puO"pu B"sN"\"E"S"pO"o OY"e" B"sN"X"s\"pS"o B"sN"\"E"S": {O" $ V""N":
T""X"{"Zpu S"A"pB"Nu "p{EF>S"Z: {O" T"sZpN"X"o $ O"_X"pO"o T"P"X"X"P"S"pO"o, SR"@qZT"pu:
_"Qp{"\"_Y", E"O"sN"p| "r^"pN"pz {"Z_"pz, _"X"z _"@wQu\", W"Y"`_O"pT"N"{R"Y"p
W"Y"`_O"pSB"`rO"s@pX" OY"P": e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù W"B"\"{O" ! O"\" X"wN"prX"wrS"pz
E"O"_"wN"pz W"sG"O"pS"pz _"pvSQY"| _"Z{_"G"W"\": E"O"s{W"\"QS"v: T"P"X"X"P"S"pO"o SR"@qZT"pu:
S"A"uWY": _"ze"_Y"S"o _"X"z E"O"sN"p| "r^"pN"pz W"Y"`_O"pT"N"{R"Y"p _O"pv{O" $ @p\Y"{X"pZ:$
V""v@{S"Y"O"_O"pue"_Y" S"A"uWY"__"ze"_Y"S"o OY"p{QS"p _"X"P"S"pO"o $ \"pY"pP"Òu "s@z
@p\Y"{{X"{O" RY"uY"X"o $ W"sG"O"p\"N"S"u V""N" \"p{R"@pZpu S"pSY"u^"p{X"{O" @p\Y"{uS"
R\"SY"O"u \"{_O\"{O" pZuN" \"_O"sR\"{S": $$ 70$$
W"sG"p: - PP
199
u
u ! Ex uU Pi UP |S Pi
PP AP u u |S P[P
xvUQ. AUS Ix uP Cu. A J ]x |P[P
Q Gu. ] AuP A Azu. Ax P |P[P u
v |S uP Q Gx k Gu Ahx
}[P E A uzuz u |S uP Gx P
zu si u |S P[P xvUQ. E |S
PP Au[PUQz u |S uP P zx
AUPU Pz xvUQ. (70)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
X"wN"pr{O" $ X"wN"p@puX"pS"pz O"\" QpuO "pS"pz E"O"_"wN"pz _"pvSQY"| V""p E"O"s{W": X"sA"v:
_O"pv{O" $ SR"@qZT"pu: S"A"uWY": _"ze"_Y"S"o T"P"X"QX"S"pO"o ùO"pu:, @z X"sA"z T"sZqZT"sN"p X"X"
{S"@wf"X"o, \"{">p{S" E"O\"pY"{T" FuO> _Y"O"r{O" W"Y"uS" _"X"z Y"sB"T"O"o W"Y"QpS"pT"N"{R"Y"p
E"O"s{W": `_O"@X"v: W"Y"z X"z Qu`r{O" \"ZT"pP"S"V"suOY"P": $ O"p\"O"p O"\" W"Y"QpS"uEFpu:> , SR"@qZT"puZ{T" @puR"pu X"X"p{O"@X"u S" ": $ O"_X"pf"\"v\" T"_"pQpu X"sAY" {O"
W"p\": $ E"O"s{W"\"QS"v: E"O"_"wN"pz W"sG"O"pS"pz _"pvSQY"| _O"pvO"r{O" T"qZ_"zAY"ppZ: $$ 70 $$
Uzu
u ! } Au ]x P UPx. E A
UQ. UP uu. (70)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
W"sG"pS"o _O"pv{O" - X"wN"pr{O" $ ù Qu{\" ! _"Z{_"G"W"\": VG"Y"pu{S": V""p,
{\"^N"sS"pW"r@X"puOT""O\"pO"o $ O"e" X"R"s@v J>W"T"r{L>O"pOX"Zb"N"pY" W"\"O_O"pue"T"ZpY"N" {O"
W"p\":$ E"O"s{W": E"O"s:_"zAY"pT""v:, \"QS"v: X"sA"v:, X"wN"pr {V"_"O"u\" X"wrS"pz
X"{QX"\"O"rS"pX"o $ \"pO"pu B"sN"\"E"S"pO"o {O" D>rT"o $ O"\" W"\"OY"p:, E"O"_"wN"pz E"O"s:
_"zAY"pT""pS"pX"o, S" {O"_"wE"O"_"w {O" S" QpuC": $ W"sG"O"pS"pz _"pvSQY"| E"pO\"X"o, _O"pv{O"
\"N"Y"O"rOY"P": $ _O"\"S"T"Y"puG"S"X"p` - S"A"uWY" {O" $ SR"@qZT"pu: _Y", T""X"r \"p $
T"P"X"X"P"S"pO"o T"P"X"_Y" {"Z_": X"P"S"pO"o {\"S"p"pO"o, p{QX"P"S"p{Q{O" \"p,
T"P"X"X"P"S"X"O"{O" B"EF>{O" {O" T"P"X"X"P"S"p{Q{O" \"p O" _"pO"OY"B"X"S"u {O" {T"o $
V""rY"T"P"X"{pZ_": T"sZp {"\"{S"Ò"O\"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ S"A"uWY": @ZùWY":, _"ze"_Y"S"o
200
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -70
{V"WY"O_"S"o, E"O"sN"p| "r^"pN"pz \"O"X"pS"E"O"s:{"Z_"pz, _"X"z Y"P"p O"P"p, W"Y"`_O"pT"N"{R"Y"p;

"u^"pN"pX"WY"sQY"pu X"pW"vqZOY"W"Y"QpS"p@pDob> "Y"p _O"pvO"r{O" _"zV"SR": $ W"\"QrY"W"sG"O"p_"pvSQY"\"N"S"u E"O"sX"sA "_Y"v\" _"pX"PY"| S"pSY"_Y"uOY"{W"T"pY": $$ 70 $$
Anv &
q u ux u xPhP
P }[P E si {. u 4 uP uUP & ]x P
uo A siz xvUQ. E u PP AP
Enu A J ! (70)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
X"wN"pr{O" $ ù S"pZpY"{N" W"s\"S"u"qZ, _"Z{_"G"W"\"pu V""p O"\" E"O"_"wN"pX"{T"
W"sG"O"pS"pz _"pvSQY"| E"O"s{W"Z{T" X"sA"v: _"X"z _O"pv{O" $ {@zb"N"pS"pz, X"wN"prX"wrS"pz O"\"
X"wN"p@puX"W"sG"O"pS"pz \"N"S"u V""p{O"qZ: @pu \"p _"X"P": _Y"pO"o $ E"O"s{W"Z{T"
X"sA"vZ@u _"X"Y"p\"EFuQ> Su " _O"sO"pv {@z V"rG"X"o? O" p` - SR"@qZT"puS"A"uWY": _"Se"_Y"S"o,
@_X"pO"o? T"P"X"QX"S"pO"o $ Y"VpuT"u T""X"r $ T"P"X"QX"S"z T"pTY"uOY"P": $ P"\"p O"vqZ{O"pu^": $
S"A"v: T"P"X"QX"S"pO"o $ Y"X"P":- X"`pQu\"p{QOY"pT"X"pS"z X"sA"puOT"pJ>S"W"Y"z O"Qp "pXY"{O",
Y"Qp W"s\"S"W"Y"W"_\"W"p\"pY"p: T"ZX"u"ZZX"NY"p W"Y"z T"pTY"O"u $ O"f"s {"Z{_" @Z@X"pT"N"uS"
W"\"{O" $ O"Q{T" O"Qp, Y"Qp T"ZX"u"Zr _O"tY"O"u $ {O" @X"uN" Y"Qp _O"s{O"ZpZWY"O"u O"Qp
_O"p\"@p{O"qZ{"Z_"pz W"Y"{\"O"Y"p `X"`{X"@Y"p _"\"vZ {T" X"sA"v: _"X"X"u\"
_O"s{O"ZpZVR"u{O" $ @Y"p, E"O"sN"p| "r^"pN"pz _"X"_"X"Y" \" `_O"pT"N"{R"Y"p $ O"uS" O"uS" X"sA"uS" O"_Y"
O"_Y" W"sG"_Y" _O"sOY"p, _"SO"pu^"uN" O"_Y" O"_Y" @Z_Y"pW"Y"X"spqO"_Y" O"{_X"z_O"{_X"S"o {"Z{_"
T"N"z W"{\"^Y"O"r{O" V"sp $ P"\"p SR"@qZT"puS"A"p:, O"uWY"pu G"pO"z Y"OT"P"X"QX"S"z O"O":
_"Se"_Y"{"{O" $ T"qZ_"zAY"ppZ: $ {@{"OT"wX> "T"w>z \"p "VQuS" T"{O"T"pO"u $ O"pB"SY"\Y"T"pu`pY" T"qZ_"zAY"p O"s _"p X"O"p $ T"X"pN"pSO"Zp\"B"O"X"{T" \"_O"s "VQuS" E"uOT"{O"T"p{QO"z
T"Y"puG"S"pSO"ZpW"p\"pO"o _""\"_O\"SO"Z\Y"\"EFuQ> pY" Y"OT"Y"\"_Y"{O" _"p T"qZ_"zAY"p $
X"wN"pr{O" T"_Y" Z`_Y"pP":- T"p"_Y" X"Se"X"p`-X"wN"pr p X"wrS"pz , "r^"pN"pz ,
\"QS"v: ZuU, `_O"p : \"z pz rz T"p"_Y" $ (rz pz) $$ 70 $$
BuQ
EQ zu USv BUP u A uu
u u uPU PU Tk G }[Px. A u |S
W"sG"p: - PP
201
uP x PzvUP sku AuP . J u xvzu

uPUS |UQ Bzuz ukUP Cu |S uP
xvUQ. u |S PP |S uP
skQ. \v Cu & B ( B) G. (70)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
P"uQpS"rz W"sG"pS\"N"Y"{O" - X"wN"pr{O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ, _"Z{_"G"W"\"pu V""p E"O"sN"p|
E"O"s:_"zAY"p{\"{">pS"pz W"sG"O"pS"pz V"p`lO"pS"pz _"pvSQY"| p\"NY"p{O""Y"z E"O"s{W"\"QS"v: @ZN"W"tO"v:
_O"pv{O" pu@p{O""Y"B"sN"B"N"p{O""Y"pupu^"N"X"R"sZ@pT"vZE"Y"{O" $ {@z{\"R"pS"pz W"sG"O"pS"pz,
X"wN"prX"wrS"pz X"wN"pr\"O"o _"Zpu{G"SY"z@sZ\"O"o X"wrS"pz @puX"pS"pz, @P"zW"tO": _"Z{_"G"u W"\": $
SR"@qZT"pu _Y" S"A"uWY": T"P"X"X"P"S"pOT"P"X"_Y" \"e"_Y" X"P"S"p{"@wSO"S"pO"o _"ze"_Y"S"o
W"rO" OY"P": $ E"O"s{W"X"sA "v: E"O"sV"p`\l "N"S"u ùO"sX"p` - E"O"sN"p| "r^"pN"pX"\"{">pS"pz _"X"z Y"sB"T"O"o
W"Y"`_O"pT"N"{R"Y"p W"Y"p Y"u `_O"p: O"u^"pX"T"N"z O"_Y" V"sp $ pEFz>{@O"uS" {\"{R"S"p
E"O"sN"p| X"sA"pS"pz T"pS"pP"| W"Y"z B"`rO"sz O"\" W"sG"O"p: _O"sO"p {O" W"p\": $$ 70 $$
uzw
EP UP. (70)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" W"sG"\"N"S"X"p` - X"wN"pr{O" $ X"wN"prX"wrS"pz X"wN"p\"O@puX"pS"pz W"sG"p O"p \"
W"sG"O"p_O"p_"pz, E"O"_"wN"p{X"OY"e" S" {O"_"wE"O"_"w {O" _"te"uN" QrC"{S"^"uR": $ W"\"pS"rW"sG"O"p{\"^"Y"pz E"O"sX"sA "@O"w@ pz _O"s{O"z _"@pX"pX"sOT"bu "X"pN": _"Z{_"G"X"\"z {\"{"S"{> X"QS"X"P"S"pQSR"@qZT"pu: S"A"uWY": _"ze"_Y"S"o, _"X"z Y"sB"T"O"o, S" {\"O"u W"Y"z Y"_X"pf"QW"Y"z
\"zW"tO"z Y"_O"pT"N"z O"qY"u{O" ùO"pv O"wO"rY"p $ S"A"uWY"pu X"QS"X"P"S"pQSR"@qZT"puqZOY"e"
T""XY"pv W"re"pP"pS"pz W"Y"ùO"sqZOY"S"uS" $ X"QS"X"P"S"pQSR"@qZT"puqZ{O" T"QY"puT"pQpS"z u
W"Y"ùO"sO\"z _"zW"p\"{Y"O"sX"o $ S"A"pS"pz O"s W"Y"ùO"sO\"z _"zW"p{\"O"X"u\"p{_O" T"t\"X"u@u S" S"A"uS"v@_Y"
"r^"_Y" FuQ> pO"o $$ 70 $$
uzu\vP
EP UP. (70)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù T"ZX"u"qZ ! X"wN"prX"wrS"pz X"wN"pr\"O"o _"Zpu{G"SY"Do@> s ZO"p{\""u^"\"O"o, X"wrS"pX"{O"-
202
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -70
@puX"pS"pz, E"O"_"wN"pz E"O"s__"zAY"p{\"{">pS"pz... O"\" W"sG"O"pS"pz V"p`l\"rS"pz _"pvSQY"|

p\"NY"p{O""Y"X"o, _"Z{_"G"W"\": V""p @O"p, E"O"s{W": X"sA"v: @ZN"W"tO"v:, _O"pv{O" pu@p{O""p{Y" B"sN"B"N"pupu^"N"z X"R"sZ"VQ@pT"v"Z{O" $ @P"z E"O"s{W"X"sA "v: E"O"sV"p`_l "pvSQY"_O"\":,
O"_Y" T""X"sA"O\"pO"o $ @_Y" X"sA"_Y" _\"T"S"p": @P"{X"{O" E"uQe"puEY"O"u $ \"Y"z T""X"sA"
\" T"P"X"z V""p W"tO"o $ O"QS"SO"Zz pu&{T" T""X"sA": O"wO"rY"pu W"pO"p, {O"rY"pu {\"^N"s: $
_"\"@{S">_Y"p{T" _Y" \"e"v: \"ZT"_"pQpO"o ^"LoB> "sN"p G"pO"p: $ O"u E" _"\"c"O\"z {S"OY"O"w"O\"z
S"p{QV"puR"O\"X"o _\"O"Se"O\"z, s""{O\"z, S"SO""{O\"z E"uOY"u\"z B"sN"_"zT""p: $
O"v{\"Z{Ò"p V""pQY": $ O"O" \" ùO"pu: V""N"pu&{T" X"`pQu\"_Y" _"`B"sN"p{R"Y"X"o $ O" \"
SY"tS"B"sN"uS"p{T" V""N"p GY"uO> \"X"pe"X"\"XVY", `X"{T" T""X"sA":, Y"z pu&{T"
T""X"sA":, O"O"pu X"f": @P"X"_Y"p{R"Y"{X"{O" $ @Qp{E"O"o ZG"pu&z "_Y" X"Ò": _"zW"\"pQ\"uT"uS"
`Z{O"Z_@pZu G"pY"X"pS"u O""{S"O"uS" V""N"pu QT"O"uG"_"p QX"pS"u, O"EFp>SOY"P"| {\"qZ"u:
T""X"z {"Z: uN" S"A"@puJ
> p {\"Q{O"{X"{O" T"sZpN"T"{_"u: E"O"sX"sA " \" S" T""X"sA": $ O"O"
\"z @{"Zpu\Y"OY"Y"uS" W"rO"pu W"tO\"p O"_Y" X"`pQu\"_Y"pOY"SO"\"W"pY"p: O"\" _"u\"Y"p
T"sS"X"`pQu\"-_"@p"pO"o W"Y"z T"pPY"X"pS":, O"O" \" _"Se"_Y"S"o, \"{">pS"pz E"O"sN"p|
"r^"pN"pz _"X"X"u\" Y"sB"T"Qu\" W"Y"pT"N"V"sp X"pW"v^"rZ`X"pB"O"p, O"\" W"Y"z S"p{_O", _\"_P"pu
W"\" OY"p{Q\"E"S"uS" _"X"sf"pu{O"pu Y"pu `_O": _"pu&W"Y"`_O" OY"sEY"O"u $ O"_Y"pT"N"z T"@p"S"z,
O"{Y"p O"Q{W"T"pY"uN" pO"o e"_Y"S"o _"\"_\"W"tO"pY"p_O"\"pdY"N"uS" pY"z OY"bY"pX"r{O"
W"B"\"O"r-X"sT"p{dO": $ Y"uS"@uS"{E"OT"r{L>O"p:, O"W"p"ZN"T"\"u"uS" O"{"\"pqZO"O"OT"rL>p:
_"SO": _"s{A"S": _"zW"\"SO"r{O" pu@T"{_"{Z{_O" $$ 70 $$
isi
US 5 uPu. z Ix uP.
z u Ix uPx B Sn[Pz u A .
b (Gu) {zzu (Gx { Psh.)
A|vu. (Bv G u b) uv (u
i C[S.) Au \Uv ([Pu & u & uu \Uv
E.) A|u \Uv (iu & B E) G. Cu B
Ix P[P B. uh Ca]Puu
z Eux. u G \US zx
B Sn[P Ahu. J \ zx o
Snzv A AvPP, z AvUP, z u
|P~ JuU Q Gu. Ax
|P. |S uPUS zhx A P Cu xv.
W"sG"p: - PP
203
""} hu ! | xmh. EUS C . _ { C !

Gz yUQ P Au. z G u A uQ.
Ghx kQ, Ax Ga \nhx }[P
xu . (70)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
X"wN"pr{O" $ X"wN"pr\"O_"Zpu{G"SY"z@s Z\"O"o X"wrS"pz @puX"pS"pz E"O"_"wN"pz E"O"s:=
_"zAY"@pS"pz O"\" W"sG"O"pS"pz V"p`l\"rS"pz _"pvSQY"| "puW"pz _"Z{_"G"W"\"pu V""p E"O"s{W"\"QS"v:
@ZN"W"tO"v: _O"pv{O" $ T"P"X"QX"S"pO"o, T""X"X"sA"_Y" T"P"X"@O"S"pO"o, SR"@qZT"puX"ù "_Y"
S"A"uXY": _"Se"_Y"S"o {V"WY"O"o, \"{">pS"pz E"O"sN"p| "r^N"p| X"_O"@pS"pz _"X"z Y"sB"T"Qu\" W"Y"_Y"
W"rOY"W"p\"_Y" `_O"vZT"N"{R"Y"p QpS"V"sQRo Y"p $ {\"^N"sT"b"u&TY"u\"X"o $$ 70 $$
Pu &
UP C[S. qzv Cx. (70)
pS"SQ`Zr
X"wN"pr{O" $ X"wN"pr\"SX"wrS"pz @puX"pS"pz E"O"_"wN"pz O"\" W"sG"O"pS"pz _"pvSQY"|
_"Z{_"G"W"\"pu V""p E"O"s{W"\"QS"v: _O"pv{O" $ {@X"P"{X"OY"p`- S"A"uWY" {O" $ T"P"X"_Y" "r^"_Y"
X"P"S"pO"o FuQ> S"puO"pu: SR"@qZT"pu: {"\"_Y" S"A"uWY": _"ze"_Y"S"o W"Y"z T"pT"n\s "S"o _"S"o,
X"P"S"p{QOY"e" QX"S"p{Q{O" T"pKu> T"pP"{X"@{"ZFuQ> S"T"QNL>p{QOY"P":$ SR"@qZT"pu:
_"@p"pO"o O"uWY"pu S"A"uWY" {O" T""X"r{O" @{"Qp`, O"", RY"p`pZz {\"S"v\"puT"T"f"u: $
\"{">pS"pz E"O"sN"p| "r^"pN"pz _"X"X"u@Qp W"Y"pY" W"Y"pW"p\"pY" `_O"pS"pz P"pf\"QrY"pS"pz
T"N"z _T""S"z O"{Y"p, O"\"{O\"{O" V"sp $ W"Y"QpY"@pu `_O"pu&W"Y"`_O": O"_Y"pT"N"{X"{O"
@{"O"o $ @z {"Z: {"\"uS" S"A"v{F>"z, \"{">pS"pX"W"Y"pP"| _O"pvO"r{O" W"p\": $ E"O"_"wN"p{X"OY"e" S"p{X" QrC"T"{O"^"uR": $ e" T"P"X"X"P"S"p{QOY"e" X"QS"X"P"S"p{Q{O" T"pK>pu S" _"O": $
{W""{\"W"OY"SO"O"Y"p SR"@qZT"puqZOY"S"uS" _"` _"pX"pS"p{R"@ZNY"uS"pS\"Y"p_"zW"\"pO"o $ S" E"
X"QS"X"P"S"pQSR"@qZT"pu: _"Se"_Y"S"o P"pf""A"uWY": _"Se"_Y"S"o {O" Y"puG"S"rY"{X"{O"
\"pEY"X"o$ {"\"T"Y"pY""VQY"puT"pQpS"u "pVQT"pvS"OY"pO"o $ `ZpO"o {"\"pO"o "XW"puqZOY"pQuZ{T"
O"P"pO\"pT"f"u: $ O"P"p {"\"S"A"uWY"pu Y"p_": {"\"pQ{T" _" \" e"p_" {O" P"u T"pvS"OY"z E" $
Y"P"p $ \"{^Np OY"pQp{\"{O" $ O"_X"pOT"P"X"X"P"S"p{QOY"_Y"pP"pS"{W"c"uS" @uS"{E"pSO"uS"pe"
X"QS"X"P"S"p{Q{O" @{T"O"{X"OY"\"R"uY"X"o $$ 70 $$
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -71
204
Bu
P UP C[S. (70)
*
S"A"pS"pX"spuO"vS"\"S"{S"ZpB"z {\"`_"O"pz
@ZpN"pz O"u @p{SO"z @P"Y" @P"Y"pX": @P"X"sX"u1 $
2
@Y"p{E"p _"pXY"z W"G"O"s @3Y"p `SO" @X"z
Y"{Q @L>bX"rE"ZN"O"pb"pZ_"E"N"X"o4 $$ 71 $$
|P|zu: |||P u
Pn u Pv Pu Pu: Pu 1 >
2
P]z x P 3 u P
v Uh \nu 4 \n >> 71
1. @P"X"X"r
@P"X"X"sX"o Pu Pu. 2. @Qp{E"p Pu]z, 3. {\"R"Y"p u
4. pb"pNpQX"o nu.
u: E & E, |P| Ezu: & |P[P JP
|| P u & Au u ] P \Q
uPn Pv & E PP AP Pu Pu:& G US?
Pu US ! P & u P]zP Hu J A\zv
x { mk. vUh \nu
\n
kQ
\n[P
\mh
\g_US a\ u ! u ! USxu.
|Pwvv ga\ | uSn, P[S |Pz |n
u\Uv: G u |[P { .
bX"rR"Zp
S"A"pS"pz S"A"ZpN"pz, puO"v: T"W"pT"J>:v , S"\"S"{S"ZpB"z T"pO"{\"@{_"O"pXV"sG"@p{SO"z,
{\"`_"O"pz T"T"O"pz, @ZpN"pz `_O"pS"pz, O"u O"\", @p{SO"z "puW"pz, @P"Y" \"Q, @P"Y"pX":,
@p\Y"T"V"SR"z ZE"Y"pX":, @P"z @uS" T"@pZuN", X"u ! T"p\"{O" ! @Y"p{E"p {\"R"Y"p $ \"uOY"_"z"Y"u
_"z"Y"pu{: $ @uS"p{T" T"@pZuN" S"p_O"rOY"P": $ _"pXY"z _"pY"z, W"G"O"s _\"r@ZpuO"s @Y"p
u"uS"p{T", `SO" ! \"pY"pZXW"u $ `SO" `^"u& S"s@XT"pY"pz \"pY"pZXW"{\"^"pQY"pu: OY"X"Z: $
@ZZ{X"p - E[P \
205
@X"z T"X"o, Y"{Q _"z"Y"u, O"P"p{T" _"SQu` OY"P": $ @L>bX"rE"ZN"O"pb"pZ_"E"N"z

@L>SOY"p: bXY"p: Y"pY"pY"p: E"ZN"O"Y"pu: pb"pZ_"uS" E"N"z {\"f"z Y"sX"o $ O"uS"
{\"f"E"s"sTE"N"T"pv {O" E"N"T"o $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù X"u ! S"A"pS"pX"spuO"v:
S"\"S"{S"ZpB"z {\"`_"O"pz O"u @ZpN"pz @p{SO"z @P"z @P"Y"pX": @P"Y", @X"z @Y"p{T" _"pXY"z
@Y"p{E"p W"G"O"s $ `SO" @X"z @L>bX"rE"ZN"O"pb"pZ_"E"N"z Y"{Q O"Qp {` _"pXY"z
W"G"{O\"{O" $ Y"p @Y"p{E"p _"pXY"z W"G"O"s {\"R"Y"u{O" T"pK>: $ O"Qp `SO" ! @X"z @Y"p{E"p
{\"R"Y"p _"pXY"z W"G"O"s T"pT"npOu "s OY"S\"Y":$ O"pX"u\" {\"R"pX"p` - Y"{Q @L>bX"rE"ZN"O"pb"pZ_"E"N"z O"Qp, S"pSY"P"uOY"u@\"pY"O"Y"p S\"Y": $ e"p{O""Y"pu{ZpZ:,
Y"P"pu OY"p{O""Y"@T"S"pO"o $ T"t\"pR"u O"QoB"sN"ppZ:, S"A"@p{SO"{W"Z{O"ZO\"pO"o
@ZpN"pX"o $ S"\"S"{S"ZpB"z {\"`_"O"p{X"OY"e" T"X"ppZ: $ W"Y"pu__"z_"w{>:, T"wP"@o{_P"OY"p T"Y"puG"@O\"pO"o W"Y"pu__"z_"w{>: $$ 71 $$
u
E ! |P J v u ]PU P \Q E
PP AS Gi o. u Hu K\zu
P. Ax mi Dkmh \n[P Ai
\ PUQ \mka ]vu u DhP.
(u ux Ax A PPmh \g_US
a_ u mkz u ]vu u JUP E
PP snzvS Dh snzu UP.) (71)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
@ZpS"o _O"pv{O" - S"A"pS"p{X"{O" $ S"A"pS"pz @p{SO"{W": S"\"S"{S"ZpB"z {\"`_"O"pz @ZpN"pz
O"u @p{SO"z ù X"u; ù T"ZX"u"qZ ! @P"z @P"Y"pX":? @uS" _"` _"pXY"z @P"Y"pX":? O\"X"u\" @P"Y" $
T"{_"@X"X"{_O", O"uS" _"` @P"Y"u{O" E"uO"o, S", @Y"p{E"p _"pXY"z W"G"O"s {\"R"Y"p `SO"
@X"X"o, @Y"p{E"{R"Y"p @X"_"pY"z W"G"O"s $ `SO"u{O" {\"O"@u $ Y"{Q @L>bX"rE"ZN"O"pb"pN"Qz _Y"pO"o $ @X"_"pXY"z O"\" @ZpN"pz QmZu {O">O"s $ O"\" @Z_"pXY"z @X"z O"Qp
T_Y"O"u, @Y"p{E"{R"Y"p @L>SOY"p: @X"pY"pY"p: E"ZN"O"p@pZ_"pN"z Y"Qp _Y"pO"o $
O"\" @ZpN"pz @X"_"pXY"@P"S"u @p _"zW"p\"S"u{O" W"p\": $ e" @X"_Y" @Qp{E"v\"Y"puB"uS"
@X"pY"pY"p: E"ZN"p@pNY"_"zT"@: _"zW"p\Y" {O" _"zW"p\"S"ppZ: $$
Uzu
kx A PPmh \g_US u
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -71
206
Cux ivUS E PP \ h Au
\ DhP. (71)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
@ZpS"o _O"pv{O" - S"A"pS"p{X"{O" $ ù X"u ! S"A"pS"pz puO"v: T"@p"v:, S"\"S"{S"ZpB"z
O"N"pVG"Z{X"pS"z {\"`_"O"pz O"O_""pS"p{X"OY"P": $ @ZpN"pz E"O"sN"p| `_O"pS"pz, @p{SO"z
"puW"pz, @P"Y" @uS" T"@pZuN" @P"Y"pX": \"N"Y"pX":? @P"Y" O"QlT"pY"z \"QuOY"P": $ _""\"_O\"SO"ZppW"pO"o \"N"{Y"O"sz S" "@ns X" \"uOY"P": $ S"S"s _"p\"_O"sS": @X"_Y" {\"X"pS"O\"pO"o @P"z O"Q_"pX"PY"{X"OY"e"p` - @Y"p{E"u{O" $ @X"z Qu\"r`_O"puT"X"pS"O\"uS" _O"pue"pS"sX"O"X"VG"z, @L>SO"r E" _"p bX"r" @L>bX"r:, {Y"p: T"s\z "O"o OY"p{QS"p T"s\z "p\":
O"_Y"p: E"ZN"O"u Y"p pb"p O"Y"p N"p Qp Y"_Y" O"O"o bX"rT"pQT"G"pb"pN"r@wO"Q{X"OY"P": $ Z_"E"N"{X"{O" T"pKu,> pb"pZ_"uS" {\"f"z E"N"z O"O_"{Ò"z Y"{Q, O"uS"
{\"f"E"s"sT"oE"N"T"pu {O" E"N"TT"OY"Y": $ O"{` O"P"p E"uO"o, @Y"p{E"p {\"R"Y"p Y"uS" @uS"p{T"
T"@pZuN" $ @Y"u{O" T"pKu> u"uS"pT"rOY"P": $ _"pXY"z _"pY"z W"G"uO"o T"pT"nYs "pO"o $ O"pB"Tt "_Y"
_\"_Y" _"pXY"p\"p{"Y"puBY"O\"p{QOY"P": $ `SO"uOY"S"s@XT"pY"pX"o $ e"p{O""Y"pu{{\""u^"ppZ: $ 71 $$
Anv
E UP.
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
@ZpS\"N"Y"{O" - S"A"pS"p{X"{O" $ ù S"pZpY"{Np T"ZX"u"qZ, O"\" @ZpN"pz @p{SO"z X"r \"Y"z
@P"z @P"Y"pX": @P"Y" $ O"\" @Zp_O"s @T"lX"pQrS"TY"R": @s\"{SO" $ O"u^"pz @p{SO"z
\"Y"X"T"c"pS"p T"X"p>p\"{T" G"L>p: @P"z \"N"Y"pX" {O" O\"X"u\" @P"Y" $ _X"Qo>pv
{@X"TY"sT"X"pS"z S"pY"p{O" $ S"\"S"{S"z E"uQ{_" O"e"p` $ {@zb"N"pS"pz @ZpN"pz, S"A"pS"pX"spuO"v:
S"\"S"{S"ZpB"z {\"`_"O"pz, Y"u S"A"p: "S"v"S"v`Yu "O\"uS" V"{`:@wO"p_O"u^"pX"u\"pupuO"v: T"W"pT"J>:v
S"\"S"{S"X"{T" `_Y"O"u $ O"_Y" @Z_"pXY"z @sO": $ P" _"`T"e"z @X"z E"uQ{_" O"Q{T"
@Y"p{E"{R"Y"p T"@pZuN" _"pXY"z W"G"O"s $ Y"{Q @L>bX"rE"ZN"O"pb"pN"Qz O"Q{T" _"pXY"z
O"Qp T"pT"nYs "pO"o Y"Qp _"\"Qp {\"@{_"O"z _"O"o bXY"p: _"Qp @L>pT"pe"z W"\"{O" $
@L>SOY"p_O"_Y"p: E"ZN"B"{O"p@Z_"uS" _"\"u^ \"{T" Qu^"s ZO"p Y"Qp _Y"pO"o $ Qz O"s
@Qp{E"{@_"{O", bX"rZ{T" @Qp{E"_"{O" $ O"e"p{T" S" @L>{O" $ S"p{T"
@ZZ{X"p - E[P \
207
_"\"Qp\"EFuQ> Su "pZX"o $ O"\" @ZO"z O"s T"ZX"pZz, Q_P"pS"rY"p zB"sY"pu S"A"p \"p
OY"pZp: $ @L>SO"r E" bX"rZE""p O"e" {S"OY"z {O">{O" $ z@s "X"Se"X"p` S"A"pS"p{X"{O" $ @P"Y" @P"Y" @ZY"z, puO"v: puz Y"z, O"u @p{SO" {V"SQlY"z @puz @puz
z@s "X"Se": $$ 71 $$
BuQ
E ! E P[P PP[P u{ha \Q.
|[P E Pmi oUP AuP. mi GzuUP &
Au PPmk u & |Pzxh Th xzu
JhzuPux. B Cu u G JUP DhP. Ax
PUPUS miu, A PPmh
\g_US Aux mka ]vu: u ]|[P
mk Qx. Gu Au uQ. Gu
kQ. G u[P x A \n ka \uQ.
E P Gx |S u ]ux. Cu |P[P |S
]u. AUPP Gx kQ. (C[S A[S \v
U U G. (71
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
S"A"pS"p{X"{O" $ ù X"u T"ZX"u"qZ, \"Y"z O"u @ZpN"pz T"""pA"pS"pz @p{SO"_"pvSQY"p{O""Y"z
@P"z @uS" T"@pZuN" @P"Y"pX"pu \"N"Y"pX":? O"O@P"Y" O\"X"u\" @P"Y", S"p_X"p@z @P"p\"_"Z: $
Y"OT""{W"\"QS"vX"`pQu\":, E"O"s{W"V" "p, ^"L>{>o W": _@SQ:, _"`vZS"SO": O"u O\"pz \"N"{Y"O"sX"pZWY" {S"G"\"N"S"p\"vQBRY"QT"uN " _O"s\"SO": {A"{SO" $ O\"O@ZpN"pz _"pvSQY"\"N"S"X"_X"p@z
_"s@Zz Ql^@Zz \"u{O" O\"X"u\" G"pS"p{_" {O" @P"Y"u{O" W"p\": $ \"X"S"sT"X"O\"uS" \"N"S"p\"O"pZ: @P"z
W"pO"rOY"e"p`-`SO"u{O" {S""Y"uS" $ @X"z @Y"p{E"{R"Y"p T"@pZuN" _"pXY"z _"pY"z W"G"O"s, S"
@Qp{E"{QOY"P": $ O"e" ùO"s:, {@z{\"R"z @X"z, Y"{Q _"z"Y"u, @L>bX"rE"ZN"O"pb"pZ_"E"N"z, @L>SO"r Y"p bX"r: O"_Y"p"ZN"O"Y"pu: pb"pZ_"uS" E"N"z Y"sz , O"Q{T" _"z"Y"u
OY"P": $ {@z{\"R"pS"pz @ZpN"pz, S"A"pS"pz S"A"ZpB"pN"pz puO"v: T"W"pT"J>:v S"\"S"{S"ZpB"z
T"pW"p{O"@pXV"sG"pS"pz @p{SO"z {\"`_"O"pX"T"T"O"pX"o $$ 71 $$
uzw &
E ! E Pu Ix P[P |S
P[P, Pu BP[P Bv\ B P[P
oUPz uh[QU PhkQ. G Gi i? E |Pa]P
208
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -71
P Q u \ P \Qx. (71)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" S"A"\"N"S"X"p` - S"A"pS"p{X"{O" $ ù W"\"p{S", O"\" @ZpN"pz @p{SO"X"z"sz @P"z @uS"
T"@pZuN" @P"Y"pX"pu \"N"Y"pX":, \"N"S"_"pX"PY"pW"p\"p{Q{O" "u^": $ @P"Y"u{O" pu@pu{X"S"s_"wOY"p` - X"s{X"OY"e" X"r {O" T"pKu> X"r \"Y"{X"{O" Y"puGY"X"o $ S"A"pS"pX"spuO"vQr{"{W":, S"\"S"{S"ZpB"z S"\"ZpuOT""puW"pz {\"`_"O"p{X"{O" @Z{\""u^"N"X"o $
_"pXY"X"r@wOY"p`-@Qp{E"{Q{O"$ drW"\"pS"rE"ZN"@X"RY"pS"T"ZX"pS"SQpuO"@pu `SO"u{O"
"VQ: $ @Y"p ^"puL> "pz"uS", @L>SO"r E"p_"pv bX"r:@L>bX"r:, O"_Y"p"ZN"O"_Y"
pb"Y"p N"p{S" Qp{S" Y"_Y" O"O"o $ _T">X"SY"O"o $$ 71 $$
uzu \vP
EP UP. (| |P & v \
\) (71)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
S"A"pS"p{X"{O" $ ù T"ZX"u"{Z ! S"A"pS"pz @ZG"pS"pX"spuO"v: {@ZN"{S"@sXV"v:
S"\"S"{S"ZpB"z S"tO"S""O"T"e""puW"pz {\"`_"O"pz {O"Z_@s\"O"pz, O"u @ZpN"pz T"""pA"pS"pz,
T"""pA": "Y": T"p{N": @Zpu `_O"pu&P" O"G"S"r {O" {\""T"@p":$ @p{SO"z _"pvSQY"p{O""Y"z
@P"z \"p @P"Y"pX":, @uS" T"@pZuN" \"N"Y"pX":? O\"X"u\" @P"Y", S"p_X"p@z @P"S"p\"_"Z: $
Y"OT""{W"\"QS"v: X"`pQu\":, E"O"s{W"\"QS"vV" "p, ^"Lo{> W"ZpS"S"v: "{R"Z:, _"`pS"S"v:
S"SO"pu \"p_"sQ\u "", SY"u E" S"u@X"sA"p V"`\"pu Qu\"O"u"Zp_O\"pz \"N"{Y"O"sX"pZWY",
{S"G"\"N"S"p\"vQBRY"QT"uN " _O"s\"SO":, O\""ZN"pDoB> "s@>v Qu"_Y" @p{SO"{X"Y"f"Y"p \"N"{Y"O"sz S"
T"p{ZO"p:, O"\" O"p"pS"pz O\"O@ZpN"pz _"pvSQY"\"N"S"z _X"p"UB"sG"S"pS"pz _"s@Zz \"p?
Ql^@Z{X"{O" O\"X"u\" G"pS"p{_" $ O\"X"u\" @P"Y", \"X"S"sT"X"O\"uS" \"N"S"p\"O"pZpu \"p @P"z W"\"O"r{O"
"pY"pX"p` - Y"P"p@P"{"O_"pY"z _"zT"pQY"{O" - @L>bX"rE"ZN"O"pb"pN"Qz
@L>SOY"p {\"`ZSOY"p bXY"p: drQu\Y"p: E"ZN"O"pb"Y"p N"Qz N"r@wO"T"e"z Y"{Q
W"\"{O", @Qp{E"O"o @X"z O"Qp @Y"p{E"O"o @Y"p @uS"p{T" T"@pZuN" _"pXY"z _"pY"z W"G"O"s,
S"pSY"P"p $ bXY"p: _"\"P"p _"X"pdY"N"pO"o {O"qZO"z _"Z{_"G"z W"\"{O"$ @X"u^"s W"B"\"OY"p:
"{T"pO"pu bX"rZu\" $ _"p E" bX"r: W"B"\"OY"u@G"SX"W"t{X"W"B"\"O"rT"u{O" @wO\"p
O""ZN"pb"pS"s{"@X"pvT"XY"z pu@puf"Z_Y" W"B"\"O"r@Z_Y"pS"s{E"O"{X"{O" X"SO"\Y"X"o $$ 71 $$
@ZZ{X"p - E[P \
209
isi
u Pu A|u P[P xvUP
C E vi Pmh AQ K A\zuU
ThzxvUP C. G G C?
PUS a_ viP kh u DhP.
uP u \Uvku Eu. US
Chuu uUSa ]. uh u. A
Pimhuz u PPh Jkx E]u. (71)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
S"A"pS"p{X"{O" $ S"A"pS"pz @ZG"pS"pX"spuO"v: T"W"p{W":, S"\"S"{S"ZpB"z S"tO"S""O"T"e""puW"pz {\"`_"O"pz {O"Z_@s\"O"pz O"u O"\" @ZpN"pz @p{SO"z _"pvSQY"| @P"z @uS" T"@pZuN" X"r \"Y"z
@P"Y"pX": $ X"t{X"{O" T"pKu> @p{SO"{\""u^"N"X"o $ X"u {O" T"pKu> _"zV"puR"S"X"o $ @L>SOY"p bXY"p:
E"ZN"O"pb"Y"p N"Qz ZT"e"z Y"{Q @Qp{E"O"o O"Qp @X"z @Y"p @Qu"uS" _"pXY"z
_"pY"z W"G"{O", R"f"u S"pSY"P"uOY"P": $ @X"_"pXY"z O"\" @ZpN"pz QmZu {O">O"s, @X"pS"pX"u\" O"\"
@Z_"pXY"z @pQp{E"O@{X"{O" W"p\": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u&TY"u\"X"o $ X"u {O" T"pKu> O@w>p X"p bX"r: $
X"pS"uS" T"X"pN"uS"puT"{S"^"mT"z {\"O"u, O"_Y" O"{_X"z_O\"{Y" {\"X"pS"pS"pz O"\" @ZpN"pz @p{SO"z @P"z
@P"Y"pX" OY"S\"Y": $ O@w>X"pS"z T"qZX"pN"z Y"_Y", O"{_X""sX"u W"tX"NL> {O" \"p&P": $$ 71 $$
Pu
u Jzu P G o. C[P PUSz u DhS
GUP. u J ] {P DhS. qzv E & . ]u
, Eu n. E{zu nPU Psh.
u UPi. (71)
pS"SQ`Zr
S"A"pS"p{X"{O" $ ù X"u S"A"pS"pX"spuO"v: T"W"p{W":, S"\"S"{S"ZpB"z S"tO"S"T"ZO"pz
{\"`_"O"pz {O"Z_@s\"O"pz @p{SO"z @uS" T"@pZuN" @P"Y"pX"pu \"Y"z \"N"Y"pX": {O" @P"Y"uOY"S\"Y": $ X"u
OY"e" X"sz {O" T"pKu> @p{SO"{\""u^"N"X"o $ @X"z Y"{Q @L>SOY"p bXY"p"ZN"O"Y"pu:
{b"O"Y"p pb"Y"p @Z_"uS" N"Qz _Y"pO"o $ S"A"T"W"p_"pX"PY"{X"QX"o $ O"Qp
@Y"p{E"O@Y"p {@{"QzpuS" $ @Qp{E"u{O" T"pK>pSO"ZX"o $ _"pXY"X"sT"X"uY"O"pz W"G"O"s T"pT"npOu "s $
\"p@pZpu&S"p_P"pY"pX"o $ `SO" A"uQu $ T"X"uY"_Y"u"r B"{O":, T"X"pS"\"pO"p QmZu T"ZpÒ"u{O"
W"p\": $$ 71 $$
210
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -72
Bu
Dh C G GuU Psk Ex? u

UP. (71)
*
_"X"z Qu{\" _@SQ{T"\"QS"T"rO"z _O"S"Y"sB"z

O"Qu\"z S": A"uQz `ZO"s _"O"O"z T"sO"X"sA"X"o $
Y"QppuY"ppp@s{O"QY"pu `p_"G"S"@:
_\"@sXW"pv ùZXV": T"qZX"w"{O" `_O"uS" H"{J>{O" $$ 72 $$
u Puzu|u u|P
uu |: Pu x uu ~uP>
uU\[PSu u |P:
S : \v u| iv >> (72)
u & u ! AQ mkh ! Pu &
zuu&
PUPu
BPzu
SiUP, uP & P]Q PP, Cu
uu|P &Cu Ex Cu[P, |: Pu & Gx x uu
Gx, x & APmk, z BU & Gu CuU Pshx, B\[P
BSuu: & Izu E P[QP, :& |P, u|
& P (xvUP), iv& P_, S
& u
CzuPkP, \v & uhUQ.
Paz ovnu, S, S:,
| u S\z, PaPPPu
Pna, G u |[P { Q.
bX"rR"Zp
_"X"z O"sY"@pz Qu{\" ! W"B"\"{O" ! _@SQ{T"\"QS"T"rO"z _@SQ: @sX"pZ: {T"\"QS"pu
{\"S"pY"@: O"pWY"pz T"rO"z, _O"S"Y"sB"z @sE"Sz, O"\" W"\"OY"p:, Qz S": _X"p@z, A"uQz u"z,
`ZO"s T"S"sQO"s $ _"O"O"z _"\"Qp T"Os "X"sA"z b"rZp{\"X"sA"X"o, Y"O"o @sE"Sz, ppuY"
{\"puY", p"p@s{O"QY": p"pY"p: X"QrY"pv @sXW"pv T"O"\"O"rOY"p"pY"p:
p@s{O"z \"_@{SQO"z \Y"B"O"Z{X"OY"P":, O"p"z QY"z X"S"pu Y"_Y", `p_"G"S"@: X"pO"p{T"e"pu:
@sX"pZ_Y" E" $ _"pv V"p{" {O" T"Xu N"p `{_"O"\"SO"p{\"OY"P": $ _\"_Y" @sXW"pv @sXW"_P"u,
_O"S"Y"sBpX"o - P
211
ùZXV": {\"S"pY"@:, T"qZX"w"{O" T"ZpX"w"{O" $ {\"O"u S" \"u{O" `_O"uS" {S"X"p>rO Y"P": $ H"{L>{O"
"rC"X"o $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù Qu{\" ! O"\" _"X"z _@SQ{T"\"QS"T"rO"z Qz _O"S"Y"sB"z T"Os "X"sA"z
S": A"uQz _"O"O"z `ZO"s, Y"O"o ppuY" p">p@s{O"QY": ùZXV": `p_"G"S"@: `_O"uS" H"{L>{O"
_\"@sXW"pv T"qZX"w"{O" $ Y"_Y"p: T"se"pv G"B"OT"tGY"T"pQpv {\"S"pY"@@sX"pZ_\"p{X"S"p{\"{O" Qu\Y"p__"\"p{O""p{Y" X"p`pOXY"z {O" T"O"rY"O"u $ Qu\Y"p: @sE"@sXW"_"pXY"z Y"{Q _Y"pf"Qp {\"S"pY"@@sXW"Y"puZ\u " O"pvY"{X"OY"{O""Y"pu{Z{T" T"O"rY"O"u $ {\"S"pY"@: `_O"uS" T"qZX"w"O"rOY"S"uS"
{\"S"pY"@@sXW"Y"pu_O"sY"pv Qu\"r@sE"p\"u\"u{O" T"X"uY"puT"X"p{T" R\"SY"O"u $ \"_O\"pZR\"S"rS"pz
@\Y""@pS"sT"\"u"uS" _"Z: $$
u
u ! E Cu[Px J \zv Pu Pn\
SiUQ. CPx BzvP UPPx P]x
Psh CUQx. Pn\ u SQ uzvx Siu
{zv uzu |USQ. u zuPSv G IQ. u
uz uhUQ. Ax u Ex. Pn\ U Psk
u ] Pu ]UQ. S Pn\ Q
u[P zuPzv CskP G P Qx.
Cu `{ | x Gx }USuPmk. (72)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
_"X"{X"{O" $ ù Qu{\", Y"sB"T"O"o _@SQ{T"\"QS"T"rO"z _O"S"Y"sB"z, _"O"O"z T"Os "X"sA"z S"\"ZO"z
T"se"Y"pu\"pO_"Y"uS" {O_"z T"Y":\"SX"sA"z S": A"uQz `ZO"s, Y"P"p T"se"u \"pO_"Y"z O"P"p X"{Y"
\"pO_"Y"uS" A"uQz `ZO"s $ Y"QppuY" p"p@s{O"QY"pu `p_"G"S"@:, X"X" @sXW"pv
@P"X"e"pB"O"p{\"{O" W"pSOY"p _\"@sXW"pv `_O"uS" H"{J>{O" T"qZX"w"{O" $ e" O"sY"Q"S"uS" _O"S"Y"u
@sXW"W"X" {O" W"p{SO"X"pS"pZ: $$ 72 $$
Uzu
u UP. (72)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
_"X"{X"{O" $ ù Qu{\" ! _@SQ{T"\"QS"pWY"pz @sX"pZB"G"pS"S"pWY"pz, _"X"z @Qv\", T"rO"z
@wO"T"pS"X"o $ Y"p _"X"z SY"tS"p{R"Y"Z{Ò"z T"{O"O"puR\"O"p{QQpu^"Z{Ò"{X"OY"P": $ _@SQ{T"\"QS"T"rO"z, _"O"O"z {S"ZSO"Zz, T"Os "X"sA"z \"pO_"Y"pO"o _\"Y"X"sO"QlBR"E"tE"s@z , O"\" W"\"OY"p:, Qz
T"qZY"X"pS"z _O"S"Y"sBX"z, S": _X"p@z A"uQz u"z `ZO"s \"pO_"Y"pQp_X"p@S"z Ql:A"z "X"Y"O"s $
212
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -72
{@{X"Q{X"OY"e"p` Y"{Q{O" $ ùZXV"pu B"N"u": V"p OY"P":, Y"O@sE"Sz ppuY" ^>p

p"p@s{O"QY": _\"@sXW"Y"pu: _"{\"O"@{E"f": _"S"o, O" \" `p_"z G"S"Y"O"r{O"
`p_"G"S"@:, _\"X"pvM
> Su "u{O" W"p\": $ N\"sEo "pv {O" N\"so $ `_O"uS" _\"rY"@ZuN", _\"@sXW"pv
_\"_Y"pOX"S": @sXW"pv @sXW"_P"u, H"{J>{O" "rC"z T"qZX"w"{O" _T"w"{O" $ Qu\"r@sE"@sXW"pv _\"W"p\"O"
\" B"G"@sXW"{S"W"p{\"{O" W"p\": $ e" W"p{SO"X"QpZuN" Qu\"r@sE"Y"pu: B"G"pS"S"@sXW"p\"u\"
_"X"pv S"pSY"p{\"{O" T"O"rY"O"u $$ 72 $$
Anv &
UP uu. Pn\ BPzu. zuPzv
CskP u CP[P. A {
Hzu |zv SQ S Pn\. A
Hzu P E. (72)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
T"E"O"sY> "uS" @sE"pv _O"pv{O" - _"X"z Qu\"r{O" $ ù Qu{\" e"vpuY"e"pN"@pqZ{N", O"\"uQz
_O"S"Y"sB"z _X"p@z A"uQz Ql:A"z `ZO"s $ O"O"pu {S"B"O"pX"wO"T"pS"uS"pT"B"O"A"uQp W"\"pX" {O" $
{@zb"N"z, _"X"z _@SQ{T"\"QS"T"rO"z, _@SQ: @p{O"@u Y":, {T"\"QS"pu B"G"X"sA"pu B"N"u":,
O"pWY"pz _"X"z _"` @Qp _"X"_"X"Y"p\"EFuQ> Su " T"rO"X"o $ _"X"_"X"Y"O\"u ùO"sX"p` - {@zb"N"z _"O"O"z
T"Os "X"sA"z T"Os "z T"\"Y"sz
X"sA"z Y"_Y" $ T"\"pu S"pX" rN"pz
_\"pT"OY"Q"S"puOT""\"pO_"Y"\""uS"pu{O_"Y"pu: _O"S"Y"puX"sA "pQo QlBR"p\": $ _"X"z
T"\"\""pO_"X"z T"rO"X"o $ Y"O_O"S"Y"sB"X"ppuY" ùZXV"pu B"N"T"{O": @ZuN" _\"@sXW"pv H"{J>{O"
T"qZX"w"{O" $ _T"w^>p _\"@sXW"pv _P"pS"{_P"O"pv _O" {O" {S"{"S"pu{O" $ {@zb"N"pu ùZXV": $
p"p@s{O"QY": _"X"\"wf"pv T"rS"pu"O"pv @sE"pv ^>p B"N"T"{O"W"rO"pu G"pO": O"pv {@z X"QrY"pv
@sXW"pv X"{EF>Z_OY"O\"p e"pB"O"pv S"s {O" "p@s{O"O"Y"p _\"@sXW"Y"z _T"w"{"@J>_P"pS"pz
`p_Y"G"S"@pu `p_Y"Z_"puOT"pQ@: O"{W"p\"\"pS"o G"pO":, {\"T"ZrO"pE"pZ_Y"p{T" `p_Y"{\"W"p\"\"f\"pO"o $ O"P"p E" W"ZO":, {\"@wO"pE"pZv\"pY"v: {\"@pZv" {\"@wO"\"u^"v" $ `p_"Y"{O" G"S"z
E" Y"_X"pf"_X"pEc"uY"pu Z_"pu `p_Y"u {O" $ _"X"z Qu{\" _@SQu{O"T"Z`_Y"pP":- V"pN"_Y"
X"Se"X"p` - _"X"{X"{O" $ \"QS" Q, `ZO"s ZuU Y"Qp Qp T"rO"z {V"SQl T" ZuU _"O"O"z {V"SQlz ppuY"
@ e"p{T" @p:, : "p {\" @s{O" L> ùZXV": \"Z{V"SQl `p_Y"G"S"@: _": $ Y"pz Zpz pz
\"pz _"pz pz rz z Vtz _": $$ 72 $$
_O"S"Y"sBpX"o - P
213
BuQ
& EPU P ! u ! Cu Cu[P G x }UPmk.
uUSz u CSuP i Pshx u P]. u C
zuPkP u mkU P P u JmiU
Psh G PnvUS I. AQuPUS AuU Pm] ]
mkQx. nv z z U :
G Cu P]. (72)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
_"X"{X"{O" $ ù Qu{\" T"ZX"u"{Z ! O"\"uQz T"qZY"X"pS"z _O"S"Y"sB"z _O"S"Sz S": A"uQz Ql:A"z
`ZO"s $ {@z{\"R"z _O"S"Y"sB"z, _"X"z Y"sB"T"O"o _@SQ{T"\"QS"T"rO"z, _@SQ: @p{O"@uY":, {T"\"QS"pu
B"N"u":, O"pWY"pz T"rO"X"p_\"p{QO"z, T"sS": _"O"O"z _"\"Qp T"Os "X"sA"z T"Os "z T"OY"Q"S"pO"o QlBR"W"qZO"z
X"sA"z Y"_Y" O"O"o, O"Qu\" {\"{"S"{>, ùZXV"pu Y"O"o _O"S"Y"sB"X"ppuY" ^>p, `_O"uS" @ZuN" H"{J>{O"
"rC"z _\"@sXW"pv T"qZX"w"{O", {\"uO"u S"\"u{O" T"Zrb"O"u $ OY"SO"X"u\" B"G"@sXW"_"pXY"z W"B"\"OY"p:
_O"S"Y"puqZOY"{W"T"pY": $ {@z{\"R"pu ùZXV":, "p@s{O"QY": "Y"p&&@s{O"z QY"z Y"_Y"
_": $ T"sS": `p_"G"S"@: O"e"OY"pS"pz `p_"z G"S"Y"O"r{O" $ O"\" @sE"pv ^>p _\"@Y"X"_O"@W"p{SO"z
@wO\"p _\"{"Z: _T"w"S"o `p_"G"S"@pu G"pO" {O" $$ 72 $$
uzw
ux UP. (72)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" drW"\"pS"r@sE"@"pv _O"pv{O" - _"X"{X"{O" $ _"X"{X"OY"\Y"Y"X"o $ T"sO"z b"ZOT"Y"pu
X"sA"z Y"_Y" O"O"o, _T">X"SY"OT"t\"pR"X"o $ QX"sz _O"S"Y"sB"z {\""u^"uN"puOT"ub"X"pN" p` - Y"O"o
_O"S"Y"sB"X"ppuY" ùZXV"pu B"N"up: _\"@sXW"pv X"tR"p|"pv H"{J>{O" "rC"z `_O"uS" "sNL>pQNLuS> " T"qZX"w"{O"
_T"w"{O" $ _\"@sXW"_T""S"u ùO"sz \"QS"o ùZXV"z {\"{"S"{> - X"pO"s: _O"S"Y"sB"pOY"SO"_"pY"pO"o
_\"@szW"W"X" p"p O"Y"p p@s{O"z QY"z Y"_Y" _": $ O" \"pOY"SO"X"sBR"\Y"\"`pZuN"
{S"@J>\"{O"S"pz `p_"G"S"@: $ @sXW"pu ZpY"SO"Zu `{_O"X"tR"pB"u Zpb"_"pSO"Zu $ @pX"s@u \"pZE"Y"p| E"
E" C"Ju> V"u O"s B"sBB"sp{\"{O" X"u{QS"r@Z: $$ 72 $$
uzu\vP
ux UP. (72)
214
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -73
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
_"X"{X"{O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ, _"X"z Y"sB"T"Qu\" _@SQuS" @p{O"@u Y"uS", {T"\"QS"uS" BpN"T"{O"S"p E"
T"rO"z p_\"p{QO"z,_"O"O"z T"Os "X"sA"z,_"\"Qp T"_"ZO_O"SY"QlBR"W"qZO"X"o $ T"\"pu S"pX" T"_"tO"pS"pz
rN"pz T"OY"Q"S"pO"o _O"S"X"sA"pO"o QlBR"_Y" {S"^Y"SQ: $ \"zW"tO"z O"\" _O"S"Y"sB"z, S": _X"p@z
A"uQz `ZO"s $ O"Qu\" {\"{"S"{> - Y"O"o _O"S"Y"sB"X"ppuY", p"p@s{O"QY": p"Y"p
SY"P"p{\"O"@u N"p@sr@wO"z QY"z Y"_Y" _" O"P"pu:, `p_"G"S"@: O" \" _"\"u^ "pz `p_"z
G"S"Y"{O" $ O"\" @sE"pv ^>p _\"@Y"X"_O"@W"p{SO"z @wO\"p _\"{"Z: _T"w"S"o `p_"G"S"@pu W"\"{O" $
\"zW"tO"pu ùZXV": $ ù {O" ZzV"O"u B"G"O"r{O" ùZXV": $ Zz{V" {XV" B"G"pY"pz {O" R"pO"pu:
E"oT"OY"Y"u, {QO"pu S"sX"o R"pO"pu: {O" S"sX"pB"X"u ùZXV": $ O"uS" @ZuN" H"{J>{O" "rC",z @sXW"pv
{S"G"X"_O"@pv T"qZX"w"{O", {O">{O" S" \"u{O" _T"w^>p T"Zrb"O"u $ OY"SO"X"u\" B"G"@sXW"_"pY"z
W"B"\"OY"p: _O"S"Y"puqZOY"{W"T"pY": $$ 72 $$
isi &
UP xu. G u & Pnv. (
Cvu). (72)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
_"X"z Qu\"r{O" $ ù Qu{\" puO"S""ru ! _"X"z Y"sB"T"Qu\", _@SQ: @p{O"@u Y":, {T"\"QS"pu
B"N"u":, O"pWY"pz T"rO"X"p_\"p{QO"z, _"O"O"z T"Os "X"sA"z _"Qpb"ZOb"rZX"sA"z, O"\" _O"S"Y"sB"z
S"pu&_X"p@z, A"uQz Ql:A"z, `ZO"s S"p"Y"O"s $ Y"O_O"S"Y"sB"X"ppuY" p"Y"p O"@u N"p@s{O"z
QY"z X"S"pu Y"_Y" _":, \"z `p_"G"S"@: $ _O"S"Y"sB"u _\"@sXW"W"X"pO"o ùZXV"pu B"N"u": _\"@sXW"pv
{S"G"X"_O"@pv `_O"uS" H"{J>{O" "rC"z T"qZX"w"{O"; {O">{O" S" \"u{O" _"SQu`Su " _T"w"O"r{O" W"p\": $
{\"^N"sT"b"u - _" ùZXV" {O" _"zV"SR": $ ù X"SQu, X"SQpu SY"tS": : @pX"pu Y"_Y"p_"pv X"SQu $ Do>
`_\"p{Q{O" _"zV"spv _"spuT": $ ù {\"_@SQ{T"\"QS" ! {\"B"O": _@SQpu {T"\"QS"pu Y"_X"pO_"
O"P"p $ O"\" T"rO"{X"Qz _O"S"Y"sB"z Y""puQpY"p:, S": A"uQz `ZO"s $ "u^"z _"X"pS"X"o $
_"sSQZrB"puT"pp{W"T"pY"uN" \"p _O"S"\"N"S"X"o $$ 72 $$
Pu
UP xu. qQ & u ! P P S !
Pu Pzu Pu \u Cu[P | x
}UPmk. Pu vi q C vUP. (72)
_O"SY"pX"wO"X"o - u
215
pS"SQ`ZrJ>r@p
_"X"{X"{O" $ ù Qu{\" O"\"uQz _O"S"Y"sB"z S"pu&_X"p@z A"uQz Ql:A"z `ZO"s $ @"z, _"X"X"u@Qp,
_@SQuS" @p{O"@u Y"uS" {T"\"QS"uS" B"N"u"uS" E" T"rO"z, T"rY"O"u&{_X"{"{O" \Y"sOT"fY"p T"rO"b"rZ{X"{O"
W"p\": $ _"O"O"z _"\"Qp T"Os "z \"Ob"rZz X"sA"z B"W"pB"pu Y"_Y" O"O"o, _"O"O"{X"OY"_Y" `Z{O\"OY"S"uS"
\"p _"zV"SR": Y"O_O"S"Y"sB"X"ppuY" ùZXV"pu B"N"u": H"{J>{O" "rC"z `_O"uS" "sNLu>S" _\"_Y" @sXW"pv
T"qZX"w"{O" $ @":, p"Y"p, X"QrY"z @sXW"Y"{X"\"uQz Y"O"u, X"{EF>Z_Y"{_O" S" \"u{O"
_"zQù Su " p@s{O"z \Y"p@sr@wO"z QY"z Y"_Y" _" O"P"p $ O" \" pu@pS"pz `p_"G"S"@: $$
Bu
uu UP (72)
*
X"t O"u \"b"puG"p\"X"wO"Z_"X"p{N"Y"@sO"sT"pv1

S" _"zQu`_T"SQpu S"B"T"{O"T"O"p@u X"S"{_" S": $
{T"V"SO"pv O"pv Y"_X"pQ{\"{QO"\"R"t_"Z{_"@pv2
@sX"pZp\"p{T" {ZQ\"QS"X"@pv"QS"pv3 $$ 73 $$
A u AuoUSx 1
| uu |PvuP | |: >
u u z Avu y[PP 2
Sz zuu| Ug\u| 3 >> (73)
1. @ppv P\ 2. _"X"Z_"pv [P 3. QX"S"pv u|.
u: |PvuP & \ u Pi ! Au
& Cu Ex Cu[P. Au oUSx.
(P\) & AuzvP oUPzu C SkP (P\[P) |:
| G Ezv, u u: | & uP ]x. H,
uu & Av SQ, zuu|Ug\ u()&
BPzu Sg\a ]uzu Pu, Avu
y[PP & sq _ AuPP, Az & C
S & Ena]P.
216
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -73
bX"rR"Zp
X"t T"qZY"X"pS"pv, O"u O"\", \"b"puG"pv @sE"pv, X"wO"Z_"X"p{N"Y"@sO"sT"pv X"wO"Z_"_Y"
X"p{N"Y"@sO"sT"pv X"wO"Z_"T"tqZO"X"p{N"Y"@sO"sT"p{\"OY"P": $ @sO"sT""VQpu Y"{T" E"X"{S"{X"O"C"wO"O"vppR"pZW"tO"C"J>_"{"W"T"pe"r\"pE"@: O"P"p{T" O"_Y"p: W"B"\"O"r_O"S"_"pY"p\"B"p`S"u
S"{R"-@pZpO"o O"QP"| X"p{N"Y"Z{E"O"O\"X"r@wO"z @sO"sT"Y"pu: $ S" _"SQu`_T"SQ: _"SQu`_Y"
_T"SQS"z u"X"pe"{X"{O" Y"p\"O"o $ S"B"T"{O"T"O"p@u ! X"S"{_" S": _X"p@z, {T"V"SO"pv O"pv
X"p{N"Y"@sO"sT"pv, Y"_X"pO"o @pZN"pO"o {\"{QO"\"R"t_"Z{_"@pv @sX"pZpv {""t W"tO\"p, p{T"
QpS"rX"{T" pu@ZE"S"p@pu&{T", {ZQ\"QS"@pv"QS"pv {ZQ\"QS"pu {\"S"pY"@:
@pv"QS": @pv"p{W"uQS": @sX"pZ_\"pX"r O"pv $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù S"B"T"{O"T"O"p@u !
X"t O"u \"b"puG"pv X"wO"Z_"X"p{N"Y"@sO"sT"pv $ {_X""P"u S": X"S"{_" _"SQu`_T"SQpu S"p{_O" $
Y"_X"pf"pv {T"V"SO"pv {\"{QO"\"R"t_"Z{_"@pv {ZQ\"QS"@pv"QS"pv p{T" @sX"pZpv W"\"O": $
e" \"pY"pP"Òu "s@z @p\Y"{X"pZ: _T"> \" $ T"t\"T"pQu T"@z, \"b"puG"Y"pu:
@sO"sT"O\"uS"pZpuT"N"pO"o $ Y"p {S""Y"pSO"__"SQu`: X"pv \"b"puG"pv O" @sO"sT"p{\"{O" _"SQuù
@sO"sT"p\"u\"u{O" {S""Y":, Y"O"pu&X"wO"T"pS"pO"o @sX"pZY"pu{""sO\"X"o $ _O"SY"T"pS"X"pe"pO"o {""sO\"p\"_P"v\"u{O" {S"Y"X"pu S"p{_O", "v"\"pS"SO"Zz Y"pv\"S"pQuZS"sW"p\Y"O\"p{Q{O" $ {\"S"pY"@@sX"pZY"pu_O"s
_"\"Qp {""sO\"z X"wO"T"pS"\""pQu\"u{O" X"wO"Z_"@sO"sT"_"SQu`pT"S"Y"S"u _"pR"@z T"X"pN"z
{O"rY"pP"T"X"uY"{X"{O" _"tz {S""Y"pSO"__"SQu` {O" $ @{\"@[T"X"O"@pu{J>Y"_Y"p\"pEY"O\"z
S"p[_O" {O" X"DoA> "s@: $$ 73 $$
u
P A\ C SUPi ! Cu CP[P
AuzuU Psh oUPzu SkP (| Gsn
uU PQ u ] SkP Sx G.
uuu vSu G oU zzu Sk.
snzu Pmh E .) Cv
GUS uP. ]x a \. AuQ Pnv
S. AP P Enuu sq
_ Au. C C SP. Qu ]_P
{ Au Qu S{US x. (73)
_"pvW"pBY"\"P"S"r
X"t O" {O" $ X"t O"u \"b"puG"pv X"wO"Z_"X"p{N"Y"@sO"sT"pv, X"p{N"Y"C"J>r{\""u^"pv $ S"
_O"SY"pX"wO"X"o - u
217
_"SQu`_T"SQ: $ e" {T"V"SO"pv O"pv Y"_X"puO"pu:, c"pO"\"R"t_"zB"X"Z_"pv p{T" @sX"pZpv

@pvX"pZp\"_P"p{_P"O"pv {ZQ\"QS"@pv"QX"S"pv $ e" _O"S"Y"pu: X"wO"Z_"T"tN"X"p{N"Y"@sO"sT"O\"_"SQu`{S"\"wf"u: T"Os "O\"{S""Y"O"Y"p _"SQu`ppZ: $ @pvX"pZT"uN" @pY"uN " X"wO"Z_"T"tN"_O"S"O"Y"p T"pS"X"S"sX"rY"O" OY"S"sX"pS"z E"ppZ: $$ 73 $$
Uzu &
u Jmi UP. (73)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
_O"S"p\"u\"p` - X"t {O" $ ù
S"B"T"qO"T"O"p@u T"\"O"p{R"T"\"vG"Y"{SO" ! O"_Y"
pu@AY"p{O"T"Qu Qu{\" ! X"t O"pv, O"u W"\"OY"p:, \"b"puG"pv _O"S"pv, X"wO"Z_"X"p{N"Y"@sO"sT"pv
_"sR"pZ_"T"tN"X"{N"X"Y"u`T"pe"u $ @"p{\"{O" T"pK>p&u {T" p{E"O@: _"X"rE"rS": $ @sO"t: @wf"u:
u`T"pe"z _"v\"pT"p @sO"sT": T"sX"pS"o OY"X"Z: $ e"pP"u _X"p@z X"S"{_" _"T"{\"@T"pOX"@u
{E"f"u, _"SQu`_T"SQpu S", @sO"sT"pv S" \"u{O" {@pu{J>@_"z"Y"u"pu&{T" S"p{_O", O"{""Y"p{QOY"P":$ O"e" ùO"sX"p` - {T"V"SO"p{\"{O" $ Y"_X"puO"pu: {ZQ\"QS"pu B"N"u":, @pv"QS":
@sX"pZ:, O"p\"sW"p\"{T" X"wO"Z_"p{"O"pv W"\"QrY"_O"S"pv {T"V"SO"pv _O"SY"T"pS"z @s\"SO"pv _"SO"pv,
{\"{QO"\"R"t_"Z{_"@pv {\"c"pO"r_"zW"puB"_\"pZ_Y"pv, Z{_"@p{\"{O" W"p\"T"R"pS"pu {S"Qu ": $
\"R"m_"X"Z_"p{\"{O" T"pKu,> {\"{QO"pu \"R"t_"X"Z_": r_"zW"puB"G"SY"pu pv{@@pS"SQpu Y"pWY"pz
O"pv, {@z O"s _"X"\"p"V""pS"SQZ_"p_\"pQp{\"OY"P": $ Y"p, ^"{{QO"u {\"{QO"u, pB"X"T"sZpN"Y"puT"p_"@T"qZ"rS"uS" T"{_"u {\"{QO"u pu@u ^"{{QO"u OY"P": $ Y"u \"R\"pv {_"bX"rQu\"_"uS"pAY"u qY"pv, O"Y"pu: _"Z{_"@pv _"p_\"pQpv, p{T" @sX"pZpv V"p@pv W"tO"p{X"{O" "u^": $ @pY"{_"{z B"O"p{\"\" GY"pY"pz_"p\"{T" @sX"pZpv, r_"zW"puB"\"SO"p\"{T" O"QS"{W"c"O"ppuO"@V""E"pqZT"P"B"p{X"S"pv \"p G"pY"O"p{X"OY"P": $ O"pu W"\"O@sE"Y"puZX"wO"Z_"W"qZO"@sO"sT"O\"{S""Y" OY"P": $ @p\Y"{pS"sX"pS"pWY"pz _"rN"pu& e" @sO"sT"O\"pRY"\"_"pY"T"puO"o
T"bu "ppZ:$ O"uS" E" W"B"\"O"r_O"SY"_Y" _"X"_O"pW"r{T_"O"pP"{\"O"ZN""{: T"O"rY"O"u $$73 $$
Anv &
Cu P[P so AP C Au US
SkPP mk E. Au Pn\US PuUS P
En. s wsh BuP. PnvUS zu
(zvu) SUS u G C sk G
BPn[P T. Pzv { sqh
218
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -73
Th ]zx \{u GS. Pv u

\{ u uzu Ax. (73)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
X"t O" {O" $ ù S"B"T"{O"T"O"p@u {`X"{B"qZ@spupuO"@Z@O"u, O"\"pX"t \"b"puG"pv O"pv _O"S"pv
X"wO"Z_"X"p{N"Y"@sO"sT"pv X"wO"Z_"T"tN"pv pZZ"C"{J>O"pv @sO"sT"pv @sXW"{\""u^"pv $ @sO"sT"p _"rX"p
{O" pu@u T"{_"O"X"u\" \"O"O"u $ e"pP"u& _X"p@z X"S"{_" _"SQu`_Y" u"pu&{T" S"p{_O" $
{\""p_"@T"X"pN"_Y" {\"X"pS"O\"p{QOY"p` - Y"_X"pf"pv {T"V"SO"pv {ZQ\"QS"@pv"QX"S"pv
p{T" @sX"pZp\"u\" _O":$ O"Q{T" @_X"pO"o, Y"O": {\"{QO"\"R"t_"zB"X"Z_"pv, S" {\"{QO"pu S"
c"pS"B"puE"Zr@wO"pu S" c"pO"pu&O" \"pS"T"u{b"O": \"R"t{W": _"X"Z_"pu Y"pWY"pz O"pv
{\"{QO"\"R"t_"X"Z_"pv _O"S"QlBR"pX"wO"T"pS"_Y" T"ZX"p{O"rY"pS"SQO"w{"G"S"@O"Y"p \"R"t_"X"pu{OP"O"Z_"pQpv {O"O\"W"p_"S"pQlT"ub"p\""p" {\"\"pù Y"":, O"O": @sX"pZp\"u\" _O" {O" $
{ZQ\"QS"pu B"G"p_Y"pu B"N"u":, @pv"QX"S"pu V"@p_"sZpqZ: @p{O"@u Y": $ P"\"p
V"pY"p\"_P"pY"pz _O"SY"pX"wO"Y"pS"uS"pX"Z-W"p\"O"Y"p O"P"p\"{_P"O"V"pY"p\"_P"pv V"p@pv _O":,
O"uS"p{\"{QO"\"R"m_"X"Z_"p{\"{O" @wO\"p @sX"pZp\"T""r@pv $ X"wO"T"pS"_Y"pY"z _Y"W"p\":
Y"Q\"_P"pY"pz T"rY"O"u, O"Q\"_P"X"u\"pX"Zr@Zpu{O" $ P"\"p ù S"B"T"{O"T"O"p@u, O"u O"\"pX"t \"b"puG"pv
X"wO"Z_"T"tN"X"p{N"Y"@sz W"pv {@z S" W"\"O" {O" _"SQu`_T"SQ:, _"SQu`T": _T"SQ: $
@pu{J>Y"p\"B"p{`c"pS"pOX"p&TY"sO@J>@pu{J>@O"Y"p _X"p@z X"S"{_" \"O"O"u $ "u^"z T"t\"\"O"o $
e"pS"sX"pS"_"SQu`p\"z@pZpv $ X"t O"u {O" T"Z`_Y"pP":- Y"_X"pO"o Y"pv \"b"puG"p\"X"wO"Z_"X"p{N"Y"@sO"sT"pv Z_"X"p{N"Y" p Y"p O"@u p\"p{T" p"pS"s_\"pZX"uOY"" $ Y"pz \"pz pz \"pz _"pz
V"pN"X"Se": $$ 73 $$
BuQ &
UP uu. u uzu Qu Csh
{ uhu Ezx { ] mP
\PP SPP Cu. Auzv C&
G{ Au PkQu Au { {zvUPa \u.
u[P Au { zP\[P. u u\ Czu
u. C[S nv G.
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
X"t {O" $ ù S"B"T"qO"T"O"p@u, S"B"pS"pz T"{O"{`X"pE": O"_Y" T"O"p@p W"pBY"_"t{E"@p
O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{:, X"t O"u \"b"puG"pv X"wO"Z_"X"p{N"Y"@sO"sT"pv {O", X"wO"X"Y"Z_"_Y"
_O"SY"pX"wO"X"o - u
219
X"p{N"Y"X"Y"u pR"pZT"pe"u OY"_X"p@z X"S"{_" _"SQu`_T"SQ: _"SQuù"pu&{T" S" $ @sO"sT""VQpu

Y"{T" E"X"{S"{X"O"C"wO"O"vpR"pZW"tO"C"J>_"{"W"\"pE"@:, O"P"p{T" O"_Y" W"B"\"O"r_O"S"_"pY"p\"B"p`S"u&S"{R"@pZpO"o, O"QP"| X"p{N"Y"X"Y"O\"X"r@wO"X"o $ _"SQu`pW"p\"u @pZN"X"p` Y"_X"pO@pZN"pO"o {ZQ\"QS"@pv"QS"pv {ZQ\"QS"pu {\"S"pY"@: @pv"QS": @p{O"@u Y":, O"pv
Y"pv _O"S"pv {T"V"SO"pv _"SO"p\"p{T" pu@ZE"S"p@pu&{T", @sX"pZpv {""t, O" \" {""sO\"pQu\"
{\"{QO"\"R"t_"Z{_"@pv, S" {\"{QO"pu \"R"t_"pu Y"pWY"pz O"pv E" O"pv Z{_"@pv E"$ Y"X"p"Y":X"t \"b"puG"pv O" @sO"sT"p{\"{O" _"SQuù @sO"sT"p\"u\"u{O" {S""Y": $ Y"O": X"wO"T"pS"pO@sX"pZY"pu:
{""sO\"z, _O"S"T"pS"X"pe"z {""sO\"p\"_P"v\"u{O" {S"Y"X"pu S"p{_O" $ @sO":? {""sO\"pS"SO"Zz
Y"pv\"S"pQuW"p\Y"O\"p{Q{O" $ {\"S"pY"@@sX"pZY"pu_O"s _"\"Qp {""sO\"z X"wO"T"pS"\""pQu\"u{O" $
X"wO"Z_"@sO"sT"_"SQu`{S"Zp_"u _"pR"@z T"X"pN"z {O"rY"pR"T"X"uY"{X"{O" _"t{E"O"X"o$ S"S"s X"`pB"N"u"_Y"pz@p{R"M>p @pE"S" "{: {_"bX"rqZ{O" Qu\"r dtY"O"u $ O"P"pO\"u {\"{QO"\"R"t_"Z{_"@p{\"{O" {\"X"o $ _"OY"z, Qu\"pS"pz V"pu X"tO"Y": T"{_"p Qu"@pu^"s
W"pS"p{X"^J>QpY"@p: pe"s{\"S"pp@p" {_"{X"SO"pu \"T"t{z ^" R"pZY"[SO" OY"G"[SO" E" $ @X"t{O"
_\"W"p\"pu X"tOY"SO"Zu S" C"J>O" {O" S"pe" Qpu^": $ Y"P"p W"B"\"O"p drZpX"E"Sp\"O"pZpAY"u "ZrZu
@T""r\"O"O\"z {S"X"_\"W"p\"O\"z E"pr@wOY" dr@w^N"p\"O"pZu V"`lr_"zW"pu{B"O\"z
X"pY"pT"ZpY"N"O\"z E" >{X"{O" $$ 73 $$
uzw &
Cx u, AuP\ G uPz uQx. u
Q ]_ SQ . S {US u Pnv Pu
SPP E. sq B CPh C.
(Pn\ i zvu AxuPz v. Ax J uzu
zv. Pz ux HPz uzxh yP Cu
Qnuzv sPh E |h
k Pnmhx.) (73)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
T"sS"Z{T" _O"S"@"p\"sOT"ub"X"pN"pu \"N"Y"{O" - X"t {O" $ ù S"B"T"{O"T"O"p@u, S"B"T"{O"
{`X"\"pS"o O"_Y" T"O"p@p\"EF>pWu "X"pS"u OY"P": $ X"wO"Z_"p X"p{N"Y"pS"r\" X"wO"Z_"X"p{N"Y"p{S"
O"v: T"tN"pv E" O"pv @"pv E"u{O" X"RY"X"T"QpuT"r _"X"p_": $ e" W"\"O" {O" {@Y"pT"QX"RY"p`pY"X"o $
@S"@@"p{\"OY"e" @sO"sT"p{\"{O" T"pKu> @sO"sT"pv E"X"X"Y"u u`T"pe"u $ \"b"puG"Y"puZX"wO"Z_"X"p{N"Y"@"O\"u _"SQu`z {S"ZpE"u> $ S"pu&_X"p@z X"S"{_" T"pu&{T" _"SQu`pu S"p_O"rOY"P": $ _T"{Q
220
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -73
{@{""S"u {O" R"pO"s: $ _"SQu`pW"p\"X"u\" P"pT"fY"p M>Y"{O", O"pv \"b"puG"pv Y"p O"pv T"{_"pv
{ZQ\"QS"@pv"QS"pv $ {_X"ST"b"u T"{_"\"p{E"O\"pO"o, Y"EF>VQ_Y" O"EF>VQpT"ub"p S" $ p{T"
@sX"pZpv T""\"p{^"@pv $ {\"{QO"V"R"t_"X"Z_"p{\"{O" {\""u^"N"uS"p{T" _"Qp @sX"pZO\"z _"tEY"O"u $
_"Qp@sX"pZO\"pSY"P"pS"sT"T"{f"Zu\"pX"wO"Z_"X"p{N"Y"@"O\"puT"Y"puB"z B"X"Y"O"rOY"P": $ @sO"t: @wf"u:
u`T"pe"u _"v\"pT"p @sO"sT": T"sX"p{S"OY"X"Z: $$ 73 $$
uzu\vP
Gx Pn\ Pu Ix xUSmmh SP.
Svz usi. . (73)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
X"t O" {O" $ ù S"B"T"{O"T"O"p@u, T"\"O"du_> Y" {`X"\"O": @s@{O"T"AY"pT"S"{S"T"sN"\"vG"Y"{SO", X"t O"u \"b"puG"pv _O"S"pv X"wO"Z_"X"p{N"Y"@"p\"u\" _"sR"pT"tqZO"@sXW"p\"u\" $ e" S"
_"SQu`_T"SQ: _"z"Y"_Y" _T"SQpu uppu&{T" S"pu&_X"p@z S" \"O"O"u $ Y"O"_O"u _O"S"X"NL>Y"pu:
{O"M>@pZN"_"p\"pO"o X"wO"Z_"@sXW"O\"z S" \Y"{W"E"Z{O" $ O"Qu\" @pZN"X"p` - O"pv @sXW"pv
{T"V"SO"pv, O" \" {S"OY"@sX"pZpv, O"uS"v\" @pZN"uS" {\"{QO"\"R"t_"X"Z_"pv c"pO"pu
\"R"t_"X"_Y" r_"zW"puB"_Y" Z_": _"sA"pS"sW"\"pu Y"pWY"pz O"pv O"P"pupv, {ZQ\"QS"@pv"QS"pv
{ZQ\"QS"pu B"N"T"{O":, @pv"QS": @p{O"@u Y": O"p\"sW"pv O"p"pv O"\" @sE"@"T"_"Z`lO"ZT"rY"t^"T"pS"G"{S"O"_""pO"{S"OY"V"pY"p\"p{T" \"O"uO "u, Y"_X"pO@pZN"pO"o, O":
_"sR"pC"J>O\"z O"\" @sE"Y"pu: {_"X"o $ S"S"s X"`pB"N"u"_Y" p{R"M>p X"`pbX"r{_"{: @pE"S"
Mu\> "r dtY"O"u, @p{O"@u Y"_Y"p{T" X"ùS@SY"p Qu\"_"uS"p S"pX" T"Zp \"W"u{O" dtY"O"u, O"O@P"z
{\"X"uO"{QOY"p"pY"pX"p` - Qu\"O"pS"pz A"s V"pu X"tO"Y": T"{_"p:, O"f"u"@pu^"s
W"pS"p{X">T"QpS"pY", O"O@pY"pY" "e"tN"pz {\"S"p"ùO"\"u E" V"`lR"p _\"uEF>Y"p _"wp> : {_"{X"OY"pu Qu\"O"p \"T"t{z ^" R"pZY"{SO" OY"G"{SO" E" $ @X"t{O"B"O"_\"W"p\"pu X"tOY"SO"Zu S" C"J>O" {O"
S"pe" Qpu^": $ W"B"\"O"p T"s^"puf"X"uS" @{_X"S"o ZpX"pAY""ZrZu @QpZ\"O"O\"z {S"X"pY" _\"W"p\"_P"O\"z E"pr@wO"X"o$ @w^N"p\"O"pZu V"`lr_"XW"pu{B"O\"z X"pY"pT"ZpY"N"O\"z E" _\"r@wO"X"o $$ 73 $$
isi
P Csk vh Gu Au { oUPU
P\[P. ]x \uP. PQ P\zvx Q
(uzu A) Auzu Qu Pnv Pu
{zvPP E. PnvUS zv PuUS
_O"SY"pX"wO"X"o - u
221
u E G, CUS Ax Uu i
\z uPP ua\P i[P Hx
S. (73)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
X"t O"u \"b"pu G "p{\"{O" $ ù S"B"T"{O"T"O"p@u , O"u O"\" X"t \"b"pu G "pv X"w O "Z_"_Y"
X"{N"S"\"Z"@"pv W"\"O": e" S"pu&_X"p@z X"S"{_" S" _"SQu`_Y" _T"SQ: u": $ Y"_X"pO"o @pZN"pO"o
O"pv \"b"puG"pv {T"V"SO"pv {ZQ\"QS"@pv"QX"S"pv B"N"T"{O"_@SQpv p{T" @sX"pZpv, O\"O_O"S"T"pS"pQu\"
O"Y"puS" G"Zu{O" W"p\": $ @"pv {\"{QO"\"R"t_"X"Z_"pv c"pO"r_"zW"puB"_"sA"p{\"OY"P": $
{\"^N"sT"b"u - X"t {ZQ\"QS"@pv"QX"S"pv O"u O"\" {\"ZpLo>T"u \"b"puG"pv _O"S"pv $ \"b": QY"X"o $
G"pv G"SX"pS"p{\"{O" \"p $ @"pv X"wO"Z_"_Y" X"p{N"Y"@"pv Y"_X"p{OT"V"SO"pv \"O"uO"u,
O"_X"pQp{T" O"pv @sX"pZpv $ S"B"T"{O"T"O"p@u, S"B"pS"pz T"{O"{\"^N"s: _" \" T"O"p@p Y"":AY"pT"@pu
Y"{_X"S"o OY"P": $$ 73 $$
Pu
Auu Pn\ & PuPUS . q
Pn\ Pu m u. m Cu.
Au . Auzu {zSP. P A\ q.
A m Pi. (73)
pS"SQ`Zr
X"t {O" $ ù S"B"T"qO"T"O"p@u {`X"pY"_Y" W"t^"N"rW"tO"T"O"p@p_\"T"u, O"u O"\" X"t \"b"puG"pv
_O"S"pv X"wO"T"Z_"_Y" \"_Y" X"p{NpY"X"Y"pv @"pv $ @sO"sT"p{\"{O" T"pKu> X"p{N"Y"_""pv
E"X"T"pe"{\""u^"pv OY"P": $ @sO"t: @wf"u: u`T"pe"z _"v\"pT"p @sO"sT": T"sX"p{S"OY"X"Z: $ e" S"pu&_X"p@z
X"S"{_" _"SQu`_Y" _T"SQpu u"pu S"p{_O" $ @sO":, O"e"p` - O"pv _O"S"pv {T"V"SO"pv O"Y"pu: b"rZT"pS"z
@s\"SO"pv {ZQ\"QS"@pv"QS"pv B"G"pS"S"@p{O"@uY"pv O"_X"pQp{T" @sX"pZpv X"wO"T"pS"_Y"uQz
U{X"{O" W"p\": $ @sX"pZO\"X"u\" Q"Y"{O" - {\"{QO"pu S" c"pO"pu \"R"t_"X"Z_": r_"X"_"sA"z
Y"pWY"pX"o $ Y"{T" B"N"u"RY"pS"pQpv pB"X""pu {_"{_"zc"p r dtY"O"u, O"P"p @p{O"@uY"_Y"p{T"
Qu\"_"uS"p S"pX" T""r{O", O"P"p{T" O"Y"puQu\Y"p \"O"pZW"uQpQ{\"z V"puRY"X"o $$ 73 $$
Bu &
uu UP. (73)
*
222
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -74
\"ÒY"XV" _O"XV"uZX"QS"sG"1 @sXW"T"@w{O"{W":2

_"X"pZVR"pz X"spX"{N"{W"ZX"pz `pZ{O"@pX"o $
@sE"pW"puB"pu {V"XV"pR"Z{E"{W"ZSO": "V"{O"pz
T"O"pT"\Y"p{X"dpz T"sZQX"{Y"O"s:3 @{O"{X"\" O"u $$ 74 $$
z uu~ 1 SUv: 2
u Uuo: A vP >
S\P u]: Au: \u
ua ux: 3 Rzv u >> 74
1. \"QS" u| 2. T"{O"@w{O": vUv: 3. {\"G"{Y"S": |:
u: A ! u ! uS\P: E u[P imh |kSv
() uu~SQv:& P zuPzv u
Uuo:& zxoP zu AUPx A.
\x u]: Au: \u & P ]u
Eumi \ E hx {UP x ua.
zxh Pu, ux: Rzv & hUQ P
x vP Pi zu v &
u[SQx.
zU ]uP Uu u G u | Ex.
bX"rR"Zp
\"`{O" QR"p{O" ! XV" ! X"pO": $ _O"XV"uZX"QS"sG"@sXW"T"@w {O"{W": _O"XV"uZX"QS"sG":
B"G"p_"sZ: O"_Y" @sXW"_P"X"u\" T"@w {O": G"SX"W"t{X"; Y"u^"pz O"v: $ B"G"@sXW"u^"s X"spX"NpY"
\"[SO" $ Y"P"puz _"\"c"_"puX"u"ZuNp - BpG"@sXW"u^"s \"zpu^"s UNpp_"s G"Qu^"s E" $ psq@pY"p{X"b"sQNLu> ^"puMp> X"pv{@_"XW"\": $$ B"G"@sXW"u @V"sZ pW"p: \"z"u Z{_"O"p__X"wO"p: $
UN"p_"s \"p_"s@u Zu\" S"r\"N"p: T"@{O"O"p: $$ GY"pu{O"\"N"p_O"s G"Qu "s{@pY"pz
{_"O"p__X"wO"p:$ b"sQNLu> T"rO"\"N"p: X"N"Y"pu X"pv{@p__X"wO"p: $$ {O" $ B"G"@sXW"T"@w O"Y"pu
X"pv{@X"N"Y": @V"sZ \"N"p:, B"G"p_"sZ@sXW"T"@w O"Y"_O"s {\""u^"O" \"u{O" W"p\": $ _"X"pZVR"pz
A"{E"O"pz, X"spX"{N"{W": X"pv{@v:, X"pz e"p_"p{QQpu^"Z{Ò"pz S" O"s "uO"pz,
B"G"@sXW"pu\"pS"pz @V"sZ O\"pO"o $ `pZ{O"@pz X"sp\"{z, @sE"pW"puB": @sE"X"RY"T"Qu ":,
\"b"{_" `pZ: -
223
{V"XV"pR"Z{E"{W": {V"XV"p@pZpu&R"Zpu {V"XV"pR"Z: $ "p@T"p{P"\"p{QO\"pO_"pR"s:$ {V"XV"pR"Z_Y" R"Z{V"XV"_Y"u\" {E"{W":, SO":pV"{O"pz _""pO"{E"e"\"N"pX"o $ {E"e"{@XX"rZ@X"p^""V"vO"p" @V"sZ u OY"X"Z: $ R"Z@p{SO"_"z\"{O"p "s{X"spX"{N"X"p{@u\"
W"pO"r{O" W"p\": $ T"O"pT"\Y"p{X"dpz T"sZQX"{Y"O"s: {e"T"sZpSO"@_Y", @{O"{X"\" O"u O"\" $ T"O"pT"_O"s
Z\"N": @{O"_O"s "uO"\"N"u{ O" X"`p@{\"T"{_"{: $ O" \"p_Y" @\"u: B"G"@sXW"pu\"p:
X"N"Y": T"pJ>\"N"p:, S" "V"\"N"p:, SO""V"{O"p{X"OY"s{Z{T" T"pJ>\"N"T"ZuOY"{W"T"pY"
OY"S"s_"SR"uY"X"o $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù XV" ! O"u @sE"pW"puB": _O"XV"uZX"QS"sG"@sXW"T"@w {O"{W": X"spX"{N"{W": _"X"pZVR"pz X"pz `pZ{O"@pz {V"XV"pR"Z{E"{W": SO""V"{O"pz
T"O"pT"\Y"p{X"dpz T"sZQX"{Y"O"s: @{O"{X"\" \"`{O" $ e"puOT"bu "ppZ: `pZ{O"@pY"p: T"O"pT"_"z\"{O"@{O"O\"uS" _"zW"p\"S"pO"o $ {V"XV"pR"Z{E"{W"qZOY"e" OT"bu "p, _\"W"p\"O"pu Z\"N"u^ "s
{V"XV"pR"Z{E"{W": _"z\"S"p{Q\"u{O" ùO"puOT"bu "N"pO"o $ W"Y"puZS"sT"pNY"pS"sT"pN"@W"p\"uS"
_"zV"SR":, T"wP"@o{_P"OY"p T"@pZ@O\"pO"o $$ 74 $$
u
u ! P zuPzu EzvhPU Psh zx oP.
( zuP, [Q, h, P, ], P[P G zu
k B. zuPzv {UP. [Q s]P,
Q hzv }, Pzv J{ & ] ,
PUP \g\, G uhzvP { )
{UP Psh AzxUP Au \ Pi
x Eumi \ h, v UP P A E
Pzv x[SQx. (74)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
\"Ò"r{O" $ ù zV", _O"zV"uZX"QS"sG"@wXW"T"@w {O"{W": B"G"@wXW"T"@w {O"{W":, _"X"pZVR"pz
Z{E"O"pz X"spX"{N"{W"ZX"pz `pZ{O"@pz @sE"pW"puB": {V"zV"pR"Z{E"{W":, SO": "V"{O"pz
SO": T"{O"{V"{XV"O"pz, T"O"pT"\Y"p{X"dpz T"O"pT"_"z\"{O"pz, T"sZ{\"G"{Y"S": @{O"{X"\" \"`{O" $
X"`pQu\"_Y" @{O"T"O"pT": O"\" QY"z B"O": _"\"Q{u O" W"p\":$ {\"X"O"Zu `pZu {V"XV"pR"Z{E"T"{O"{V"XV"O"Y"p N"B"sN"pZpuT"uN" T"O"pT"_"z{X"d@OY"sT "X"pS"_Y" T"_O"sO"O\"pO"o RY"pZpuT"puT"X"p $$
74 $$
Uzu
UP u Jmi. u Rzv u E
Cuzu Ahuu zx E A[PUQx. (74)
224
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -74
NppX"pu{QS"r
_O"S"p\"{R"@wOY"v\"p` - \"Ò"r{O" $ ù zV" ! G"B"SX"pO": Qu{\" ! O"u W"\"OY"p:, @sE"pW"puB":
_O"S"{\"_O"pZ: $ pW"puB": T"qZT"tN"O"u{O" {\"": $ _O"XV"u ZX"O"u @L>O"r{O" _O"XV"uZX": $
_O"XV"@N"Y"pu Z{X"G"T"pu: {O" _""XY"p s@o $ _" {O" QS"sG": B"G"p_"sZ:, O"_Y" @sXW"pv
X"_O"@p\"u\" T"@w {O"OT"{f"_P"pS"z Y"u^"pz O"v:- B"G"@sXW"u^"s \"z"u^"s UN"p_"s G"Qu^"s E" $
"s{@pY"p{X"b"sQNLu> ^"puMp> X"pv{@_"zW"\": $$ {O" \"E"S"pO"o \"uN\"p{Q\"O"o B"G"@sXW"Y"puZ{T"
X"spuOT"{f"_P"pS"O\"T"{_"u:, B"G"p@w{O"X"O"pu B"G"p_"sZ_Y"p{T" @sXW"Y"pu: X"spuOT"fY"\"Y"XW"p\"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ T"@w {O"_O"s T"R"pS"u _Y"pO__\"W"p\"puOT"{f"Qu"Y"pu: {O" {\"": $
X"spX"{N"{W": X"spUv:, _"X"pZVR"pz B"s{XUO"pz, X"pz {S"X"pz, e"p_"p{QQpu^"Z{Ò"pz E" $
O" \" {V"XV"pR"Z{E"{W": {V"{XV"@pUO"sY"QSO"EF>Q@p[SO"{W": SO": WY"SO"Zu,
pV"{O"pz @V"sZ \"Npp|, O" \" BpG"p_"sZ@sXW"puOm "X"sp{S"{X"O"O\"pu{: {\"p $ O"p_"pz
@V"sZ \"N"\"f"pT"{_"u: $ Y"Qp`l: Z""p{\"Q:- B"G"@sXW"u @V"sZ pW"p \"z"u Z{_"O"p X"O"p: $
UN"p_"s \"p_"s@u Zu\" S"r\"N"p: T"@{O"O"p: $$ GY"pu{O"\"N"p_O"s G"Qu "s{@pY"pz {_"O"p:
_X"wO"p:$ b"sQNLu> T"rO"\"N"p: X"N"Y"pu X"pv{@p: _X"wO"p: $$ {O" $ `pZ{O"@pz X"sp\"rO"pz
@X", T"O"pT"uS" Z\"N"O"Y"p @{\"T"{_"uS" @pu"QNL>G"O"uG"_"p $ _" T"O"pT": T"W"p\"" Y"f"uG":
@pu"QNL>G"X"o OY"X"Z: $ \Y"p{X"dpz _"z{X"{O"pz, T"sZQX"{Y"O"s: {e"T"sZpSO"@_Y", T"{P"O"T"Zp@X"_Y"v\"uOY"P": $ @{O"| "uO"O\"uS" @{\"O\"T"{_"X"t{O"| Y"" \", \"`{O" R"Z{O" $ e"
O"ZpW"ZN"uWY"pu&{T" "e"sX"pZN"b"N"X"o $ O"QpO"T"QpP"uS " B"s{XW"O"z W"t^"N"z \"ZX"o OY"{W"Y"spuu :$ R"Z@p{SO""V"{O"p W"\"QrY"@sE"pW"puB"_"z{_P"O"p `pZO"p G"B"Qu@\"rZuN"
T"sZX"{P"e"p "pe"\"B"G"p_"sZ@sXW"rY"X"pv{@p{S" pS"rY", {S"X"pY" @sE"Y"pu{S"{b""p W"\"O"o $
{O"T"Yu "_": T"O"pT"_"zT"wX"t{O"X"O@{O"R"pZN"X"u\" T"qZ\"O"pR"X" {O" W"p\": $ e"puOT"bu "Y"p
Qu\"r@sE"Y"pu: {"\"@OY"sO T"{f"_P"pS"O\"z puOY"O"u $$ 74 $$
Anv
u ! E u P zx Aoxx. ]x u
P E Ezv x[SQu? (UP u Jmix.)
P\ Bn {ux u. Bn \o P .
u ]ux. P zux. zv C{[P Px.
Eumi \ zuzv hQx. Cu ]
P uzx Ax zuPzvx zukzx UQ E
\zumhx. C Pn uzu Rzv
kzxu vu Ph. (74)
\"b"{_" `pZ: -
225
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
\"ÒY"zV"u{O" $ XV" ù X"pO":, O"\" @sE"pW"puB": _O"S"T"qZN"p`:,
_O"S"puT"{E"{O"`pZ{O"@pz \"`{O" $ {@zb"N"pz, X"spX"{N"{W": _"X"pZVR"pz, X"sp X"pv{@p{S",
O"b"N"p X"N"Y":, O"v: T"pZVR"pz, T"sS": {@zb"N"pz, X"pz {S"X"X"spUX"ppz, T"sS":
{@zW"tO"pz, {V"XV"pR"Z{E"{W"ZSO": "V"{O"pz {V"XV"\"QN"_Y" R"Z_Y" Y"p E"Y": @pSO"Y":
O"p{W"ZSO": "V"{O"pz T"{O"{V"XV"O\"z T"pTY" T"pJ>{O"pX"o $ OT"bu "O"u T"sZ{\"G"{Y"S":
drX"`pQu\"_Y" T"W"pT"J>T"pJ>r@wO"pz @{O"G"{X"\" $ X"spUpS"pz T"{O"{V"XV"B"`N"pP"u
O@^"X"p` - {@zW"tO"v: X"spX"{N"{W":, _O"XV"uZX"QS"sG"@sXW"T"@w {O"{W": _O"XV"uZX"QS"sG"pu
B"G"p_"sZS"pX"p QvOY":, O"_Y" @sXW"pv @sXW"_P"z, O"OT"@w {O"OT"{f"_P"pS"z OT"f"uX"t
@pZN"z Y"u^"pz
O"v:, @wT"pN"R"pZY"p A"NL>": {@Y"X"pN"B"G"p_"sZ@sXW"p{"B"O"vqZOY"P": $ ^"{>`pY"S"_Y"
@s{XW"S": @sXW"_P"u X"pv{@p{S" {"^Y"SO"u O"pSY"OY"SO"z _\"EF>p{S" B"sN"\"{SO" X"`p{SO"
\"O"s
p{S" S"CY"p{N" W"\"SO"r{O" T"{_"{:$ P"\"p ZN"pN"u X"`p_"X"P"X"G"uY"z B"G"p_"sZz
_\"T"s^"@pZuN" Ò\"p O"O@sz W"_P"u \"O"X"pS"p X"sp: _\"\"W"pY"p: @sE"Y"puZpZpu{T"O"\"pS"o$ _"p
`pZO"p{T" @sE"pv T"pTY" {QQrT"u {O" W"p\": $ P"\"p O"p"r T"ZX"u"Zr _\"p{X"W"p
Y"O_\"p{X"S": @{O"T"O"pT"pv _"Qp QY"u R"f"u, SO": _"SO"pu^"ùO"sO\"uS" V"{`ZpZO\"uS"
\"uOY"sX"o $ P"\"p @p{X"SY": {T"Y"z \"_O"s @sE"Y"puZ\u " QR"O"u $ _\"p{X"S": @{O"T"O"pT"pv E"pOY"SO"z
{T"Y"pv T"sS"`pZO\"uS" \"{NpO"pv $ O"Y"puR"pZNpz @sE"Y"puZ\u " Y"sGY"O"u $ Y"O": O"N"r_O"S" \" "puW"O"u
X"{N"`pZp\"{ZpX"N"rY"@{X"OY"sO\"pO"o $ drX"`pQu\"uS" B"G"p_"sZ`S"S"p\"_"Zu O"_Y"
@sz W"_P"puQu S"pO"o, O"O"pu {S"B"O"p{W"X"s
p{W"X"ppz @wO\"p QY"u R"wO"\"O"r $ O":
T"O"pT"\Y"p{X"dp @{O"qZ\"uOY"sOT"bu "p $ RY"pZpuT"uN"puT"X"p \"p $ X"sp`pZu&N"B"sN"pRY"pZpuT"uN"
T"O"pT"_"z{X"d@OY"sT "X"pS"_Y" VR"p\"_"ZO\"pO"o $ \"ÒY"XV"u{O" T"Z`_Y"pP": $ O"pZpY"p
X"Se"X"p`-T"O"pT"\Y"p{X"dp _\"p`p, "V"{O"T"O"pT" O"pY"z, _O"zV"uZX"QS"sG"@sz W" Y"z T"@w {O" O",
`pZ{O"@p Zu O" @sE"p L> T"sZ{\"G"{Y"S": ZuU T"s W"puB"p Zu puz @X"c"pS"z B"sZpuX"sA "pO"o $ puz O"pZu
O"sf"pZu O"sZu _\"p`p $$ 74 $$
BuQ
P Pzv mhmhx Ax zuPzvx
mh zxUP zu ] u mk
A[Pzu. a ]h A Sv Ax Rzv
uzu zuUQ uzu. uv Cu P]. K
u xzu x G Au i. (74)
226
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -74
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
\"Ò"r{O" $ ù zV" O"\" @sE"pW"puB": @sE"Y"puZpW"puB": X"NL>z `pZ{O"@pz X"sp\"{z \"`{O"
QR"p{O" $ {@zW"tO"pz `pZ{O"@pz X"spX"{N"{W": X"pv{@v: _"X"pZVR"pz A"{E"O"pz T"sS"ZX"pz
e"p_"p{QQpu^"Z{Ò"pz, {@z{\"R"vX"s
pX"{N"{W":, _O"zV"uZX"QS"sG"@sXW"T"@w {O"{W":, _O"XV"uZX"p@pZpu
QS"sG"pu QpS"\"pu B"G"p_"sZ:, O"_Y" @sXW"pv B"NL>pv O"p\"u\" T"@w {O"G"SX"W"t{X": Y"u^"pz O"v_O"P"puv :$
B"G"@sXW"u^"s X"spX"N"Y"pu W"\"{SO" $ O"P"puz _"\"c"_"puX"u"ZuN" B"G"@sXW"u^"s \"X"u^"s UN"p_"s
G"Qu^"s E" $ "s{@pY"p{X"b"sQNLu> ^"puMp> X"pv{@_"zW"\": $$ B"G"@sXW"u @V"sZ pW"z \"zpuu Z{_"O"p:
_X"wO"p:$ UN"p_"s \"p_"s@u Zu\" S"r\"N"p: T"@{O"O"p: $$ GY"pu{O"\"N"p_O"s G"Qu "s{@pY"pz
{_"O"p: _X"wO"p:$ b"sQNLu> T"rO"\"N"p X"N"Y"pu X"pv{@p: _X"wO"p: $$ B"G"@sXW"T"@w O"Y"pu
X"pv{@X"N"Y": @V"sZ \"N"p: $ T"sS": {@z{\"R"p:, {V"XV"pR"Z{E"{W": {V"XV"O"sY"pu&R"Z: O"_Y"
{E"{W": Qr{"{W":, SO"X"RY"u "V"{O"pz {E"e"\"N"p|, R"Z@p{SO"_"z\"{O"p: "s{X"sp:
X"{N"X"p{N"@u\" W"pSO"rOY"e"puOT"bu "p$ T"sZQX"{Y"O"s: "Z_Y" @{O"{X"\" $ {@z{\"R"pz @{O"|
T"O"pT"\Y"pS"pz T"O"pT"Y"spz, T"O"pT"_O"s Z\"N":, @{O": "uO"\"N"p {O" X"`p@{\"T"{_"{: $
O" \" B"G"@sXW"pu\"X"N"Y": T"pJ>\"N"p:$ SO": "V"{O"pz OY"s{:
pT"pJ>\"N"p{W"T"pY"uNpuOY"S"s_"SR"uY"X"o $ O"ZpW"ZN"uWY": W"O"wT "O"pT"b"N"pW"ZN"R"pZN"z \"Z{X"{O"
@wO\"p O"ZX"spX"ppWY": _\"W"O"wX "{QO"B"G"p_"sZ-X"_O"@puOT""`pZO"v\" R"wO"u{O" W"p\": $$
uzw
UP EPu. uUS Cu Bn[Ph Pn
uzv Ah zuzuz uv B. (74)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
_O"S"Y"sB"u sKS> O"rz "puW"X"pS"pz `pZ{O"@pz _O"pv{O" - \"Ò"r{O" $ ù zV" O"\" @sE"pW"puB"pu
`pZ{O"@pz \"Ò"rOY"S\"Y": $ `pZ{O"@pX"sOT"bu "X"pN"pu {\"{"S"{> - T"sZ{\"G"{Y"S":
T"O"pT"\Y"p{X"dpz @{O"{X"\" $ e" Qu`rQrT"SY"pY"uS" T"sZ{\"G"{Y""VQ W"Y"e" _"zV"RY"O"u $
{V"XV"p@pZp\"R"Zpv O"Y"pu: {E"{W": @p{SO"{W": SO"X"RY"u "V"z {E"e"T"z _"zG"pO"z Y"_Y"pz _"p $
"V"{O"p{X"{O" `pZ{O"@p{\""u^"N"X"o $ _O"XV"uZX"\"QS"pu B"N"u": O"_Y" @sXW"Y"puqZ\" T"{O"@w{O":
T"{O"X"p X"t{O"Y"_Y" _" {O" @sE"pW"puB"{\""u^"N"X"o $ _"X"pZVR"pz {S"{X"O"pX"o $$ 74 $$
uzu \vP
P Pnv uP sk zuuk &
u uSvQv: G hzv . .
\"b"{_" `pZ: -
227
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù XV" G"B""pG"S"{S" ! _O"XV"uZX"QS"sG"@sXW"T"@w {O"{W": _O"XV"uZX"p@pZ_Y"
`{_O"T"R"Z_Y" QS"sG"_Y" QpS"\"puf"X"_Y" @sXW"pv X"_O"@p\"u\" T"@w {O": G"SX"_P"pS"z Y"u^"pz
O"v_O"P"puv :$ T"@w {O"_O"s T"R"pS"u _Y"pO"o _\"W"p\"puOT"{f"Qu"Y"puqZ{O" {\""T"@p": $
G"{S"@O"s: T"@w {O"qZ{O" T"p{N"{S"_"te"z E" $ W": _O"XV"uZX": T"pu Y"tP"S"pP"_O"s Y"tP"T":
OY"X"Z: $ "vZ\u " X"spX"{N"{W": _"X"pZVR"pz Bp{P"O"pX"X"pz {S"X"pz {@"
{V"XV"pR"Z{E"qW": R"Z{V"XV"@p[SO" {S"@sXV"v: X"RY"u pV"{O"pz {W""\"N"r@w O"pz, O"P"p
T"O"pT"\Y"p{X"dpz T"O"pT"uS" \"rZT"s^"{\""u^"R"X"uN " @{\"_"X"Y"p\"N"uS " \Y"p{X"dpz _"O"pz,
T"sZ{\"G"{Y"S"pu X"`pQu\"_Y" @{O"| Y"ppuX""Zr{X"\" $ @O"uZ {T" @{\"_"X"Y"T"{_"u: "s\"N"O"p $
G"B"Qu@\"rZ_Y" X"`pQu\"_Y" SY"_"X"_O"_"sZ\"rZp\"RY"X"`pB"G"p_"sZX"pZN"pZp W"B"\"O"pu Y":
T"O"pT"pu Y"p E" @{O": _"X"sQT"p{Q, O"sB"r{X"\" X"t{O"X"O"rz O"\" @sE"pW"puB": _O"S"X"NL>pu
`pZ{O"@pz \"`{O" $ T"OY"s: @r{O"T"O"pT"Y"pu: _"SO"O"R"pZN"z _"rO"S"pZp T"{O"\"O"pS"pz
T"{_"{X"{O" W"p\": $ O"P"puz O"ZpW"ZN"uS"p{T" "e"sX"pZN"b"N"X"o $ O"QpO"T"QpP"uS " B"s{XUO"z
W"t^"N"z \"ZX"o {O" @wO\"p W"B"\"OY"p O"ZX"spX"ppWY": _\"W"O"wX "{QO"B"G"p_"sZX"_O"@puOT""X"pv{@_"zT""`pZO"v\"p{O"\"W"uOY"{W"T"pY": $$ 74 $$
isi
EP UP. (74)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
\"ÒY"zV"u{O" $ ù zV" X"pO":, O"\" @sE"pW"puB": X"spX"{N"{W": _"X"pZVR"pz C"{J>O"pX"X"pz
{S"X"pz `pZ{O"@pz \"`{O" $ X"{N"{W": @"v:, _O"zV"uZX"QS"sG"@sXW"T"@w {O"{W":, _O"zV"uZX"QS"sG"pu B"G"p_"sZ:, O"_Y" @sXW" \" T"@w {O": G"SX"_P"pS"z Y"u^"pz O"v:, O"P"p {V"XV"pR"Z{E"{W":
R"Z{V"XV"@p{SO"{W": SO": "V"{O"pz {W""\"N"p@w {O"{X"\" T"O"pT"uS" pu{Ò"\"N"uS " \Y"p{X"dpz
_"O"pz T"sZ{\"G"{Y"S"pu X"ù"_Y" "sW"pz @{O"{X"\" $ O"P"p E" B"G"p_"sZX"pZN"uS" Y": {"\"_Y"
T"O"pT"pu Y"p E" @{O":, O"{X"\" @sE"pW"puB"u {V"W"O"r{O" W"p\": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - ù zV", G"B""ue"
G"B""S"@ \"p, e"r{N" zV"@p{S" S"ue"p{N" Y"_Y", e"Y"pN"pz pu@pS"pX"XV"@: {T"O"u{O"
X"Zp{QJ>r@p@w{: zV"@T"Q\Y"pAY"pS"pO"o $ "u^"z _"X"pS"X"o $$ 74 $$
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -75
228
Pu
u UP. qzv EQ Ps B ! EQ
uu ! (A) . (74)
pS"SQ`Zr
\"Ò"r{O" $ ù zV" O"u O"\" @sE"pW"puB": _O"S"{\"_O"pZ: X"pz {S"X"pz `pZ{O"@pz \"`{O"
R"pZY"{O" $ @"rz _O"XV"uZX"QS"sG"pu B"G"p_"sZ: O"_Y" @sXW"pv T"@w {O"Y"u^ "pz O"v: X"spX"{N"{W":
_"X"pZVR"pz B"{P"O"pz {V"XV"O"sY"pR"Z@p{SO"{W"ZSO"X"RY"u "V"{O"pz {E"{e"O"pz T"O"pT"v\Y"p{X"dpz
Y"spz, T"sZ{\"G"{Y"S": {"\"_Y" @{O"{X"\", T"O"pT"_Y" ZO\"pO"o, @O"u: "sW"O\"pO"o O"P"pu{: $
B"G"X"sA"\"R"uS" G"pO"pv {"\"_Y" @{O"T"O"pT"pv O"\" @sE"pW"puB"pu \"Ò"r\"uOY"P":$ OT"bu "ppZ: $
{E"e"{@X"rZ@X"p^""V"vO"p" @V"sZ OY"X"Z: $$ 74 $$
Bu
UP uu. (74)
*
O"\" _O"SY"z X"SY"u R"Z{N"R"Z@SY"u QY"O":

T"Y":T"pZp\"pZ: 1T"qZ\"`{O" _"pZ_\"O"{X"\"2 $
QY"p\"OY"p Qf"z {\"L>{""sZp_\"p O"\" Y"O"o
@\"rS"pz T"pvM>pS"pX"G"{S" @X"S"rY": @\"{Y"O"p $$ 75 $$
u u uouP uu:
:: 1 v u 2 >
uz uzu zh]_z u z
P| h|{ P}: Pu >>
1.
_"sR"pR"pZp_"pZ: uu:
2. _"pZ_\"O" >\" u C.
u:& uouP & z u[SQ PP, u

u & Ex uu:& Cuzvx : :&
PhP (uu:& Au u P) u C
b AmUS, v & ukQx. A
{UQ. uz (z) UP E, uzu uz & E
PkUPmh Eu Bz Q zh]_: vhUSu
_O"SY"X"o -
229
h| P| & P va] PPh P}: Pu:

zu DUQ PP A{ & B.
Pwa, Uv, v:, u p, uv:
u u |[P { E.
bX"rR"Zp
O"\" _O"SY"z _O"S"pu\"z b"rZz, X"SY"u G"pS"p{X" $ R"Z{N"R"Z@SY"u ! QY"O": QY"pO"o,
T"Y":T"pZp\"pZ: b"rZ_"X"s: $ _"sR"pR"pZp_"pZ: {O" \"p T"pK>: $ _"sR"pY"p: R"pZpN"pX"p_"pZ:,
_"sR"pT"\"p`: T"qZ\"`{O" _"pZ_\"O"z _"Z_\"O"rX"Y"{X"\", _O"SY"_Y" "uO"\"N"O\"pO"o _"Z_\"O"rX"Y"O\"uS"puOT"bu "N"X"o, X"pR"sY"pO_"sR"pT"O\"uS" E" $ QY"p\"OY"p T""_O"@wT"pY"sO"Y"p, Qf"z _O"SY"z,
{\"{""s: {\"G"p{O"_"X"s\": V"p: O"O_O"pue"@O"p, p_\"p T"rO\"p, O"\" Y"O"o
@pZN"pO"o, @\"rS"pz @\"r"ZpN"pz, T"pMv p> S"pz T"BpW"pS"pz X"RY"u {O" {S"R"pZN"u ^">r $ G"{S"
G"pO": $ @X"S"rY": {O"ZX"N"rY":, @\"{Y"O"p @{\": $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù R"Z{N"R"Z@SY"u! O"\" _O"SY"z QY"O": {OP"O": _"sR"pR"pZp_"pZ: T"Y":T"pZp\"pZ: _"pZ_\"O"{X"\"
T"qZ\"Ò"r{O" X"SY"u $ Y"_X"pO"o QY"p\"OY"p O\"Y"p Qf"z O"\" _O"SY"z {\"{""sZp_\"p T"pMv p> S"pz
@\"rS"pz X"RY"u @X"S"rY": @\"{Y"O"p G"{S" $ e"puOT"bu "pY"z T"Q\Y"pAY"pS"p\"_"Zu @{P"O"X"o $
W"Y"pu__"z_"w{>: $$ 75 $$
u
P ! E u E Cuzvx Ph. Ax
Au u . Ax v BP xQx.
( . v . | \ Cx, Cx,
Au , Cx Th) Azxh } ]_h z Pshu
E ]_S AUPx. Cuz xva \ vh
Czua\u ]_. C Cu si ]zx Q. Au
]u PPh ]u PP, vPP mh P,
u Pu i zu DP, B. (\[P Pzv
u g\zh g\Ph G C C ux.
T, i, Bv, P|hP, vh G Ix g\vh.
Sv g\Ph. vhg\Pzv \[P u
uu vh ux. P Ax vhzvx
.)
_"pvW"pBY"\"C"S"r
O"\"u{O" $ ù O"s{`S"{B"qZ@SY"u ! O"\" _O"SY"z _O"S"T"qZT"tN"| QlBR"z T"Y":T"pZp\"pZ: _"pZ_\"O":
_"Z_\"O"r{\"p_"T": QY"O": T"qZ\"Ò"r{O" X"SY"u $ _"Z_\"O"rT": _"X"s: _"Qp
230
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -74
T"qZ\"Ò"rOY"P":$ QY"p\"OY"p Qf"z {\"L>{""sX"b"N": p_\"p Y"_X"pO"o, @\"rS"pz T"pMv p> S"pz
X"RY"u @X"S"rY": @\"{Y"O"p G"{S" $$ e"uY"z {E"ZSO"S"pAY"p{Y"@p - W"B"\"O": "z@ZpE"pY"_Y"
{T"O"p OY"SO"z T"ZX"u"ZrW":, B"pX"p{`: T"ZX"u"Y"p pY"O"S"z B"O\"p QlBR"uS" T"ZX"u"Zrz
_"zpTY" T"tG"pz {\"R"pY" S"X"_@wOY" \"{p>z {@{"Qo QlBR"z O_"BpO"pY" _"tS"\"u p>ZpE"pY"pY"
T"Y"EF>{O" $ V"p@_Y" X"S"{_" T"OY"`z T"ZX"u"Zr _\"Y"z {T"V"{O", T"rO""u^"z X"z {T"O"p
QQpO"r{O" X"{O"G"pB"{O" $ @Qp{E"O"o B"pX"pSO"Zz B"EF>S"o V"p@_Y" X"pO"Zz T"OY"sO\"p B"O":,
T"OY"`z X"QpB"X"S"z Y"p\"O"o O"p\"f\"Y"p QlBR"uS" pT"S"rY"p W"B"\"O"r, T"tG"S"rY"p _"XY"@o {O" $
_"p O"P"p @s\"pN"p @Qp{E"O"o rR"{X"N"r G"pO"p $ B"wù @pu&{T" S"p{_O" $ O"Qp T"se"z T"{u ^"O"\"O"r,
QlBR"uS" W"B"\"O"rz _"zpTY" T"tG"pz {\"R"pY"pB"XY"O"p{X"{O" $ V"ppu B"O\"p T"tG"pz {\"R"pY" QlBR"z T"sZO"pu
{S"R"pY" T"ZX"u"qZ {T"V"u{O" B"{QO"\"pS"o $ Y"Qp {\"XV"pu G"pO":, W"B"\"O"r E" S" {T"V"{O", O"Qp
Zpu{QO"sX"pZVR"\"pS"o $ O"O": T"ZX"u"Zr QY"Y"p p{\"W"tY " QlBR"z T"rO"\"O"r $ T"sS": T"pe"z qZz
{\"puY" _"\"| O\"Y"p T"rO"z X"QP"u S" _P"p{T"O"z {@X"T"r{O" Zpu{QO"sz T"\"wf":$ O"O"pu {\"`_Y"
V"p@X"u _"X"pZpuTY" _O"SY"z Qf"\"O"r $ G"B"Q{XV"@p_O"SY"T"pS"uS" _"\"p {\"p: T"sZ:_Ut{O"@p
G"pO"p: $ @\"Y""u\" B"w`z B"O": $ O"{_X""SO"Zu {T"O"p _"X"pB"O": $ V"p_Y"p@w{O"z \"pBG"w{XW"O"z E"
{\"puY" _"p"Y"pu& W"tO"o $ _\"T"n pB"OY" T"ZX"u"Y"s
\"O"r Y"z V"p: "Zpz": $ S"uS"
pu@pupZpu W"{\"^Y"{O" $ O\"Y"p {E"SO"p S" @pY"p $ X"X" V"p@pu&Y"X"o {O" $$ 75 $$
Uzu
P ! E uzv {vu E Ezvx
mh v AmPh UP {UQ. UP
E umh Au ""|'' BP Cu ]_ Q, vu PPh
zuU PQ P. C[P & P
\[P\ uu _h Bu UvPsh. QzvS
(oUP[Pzv) E _ B \
a }mi mk n[Q v Pg\ i
]u \[P\USz u. P zv v _
z u SQ. A Sizx uu uu GUSz uQ G
{zu. J| \Q uu uh Cz
ux, v | v Q u }mk. |S
k Ga \a \. B A \x u J|
uUSUS E mi G. Ax P A,
u }mi mk , Gozu. A
u mk u zx ""u Cu S'' G
si. ]x | Px u Au PuuU Psk
_O"SY"X"o -
231
Azuh[Q. u h A u Q.
zzv ux. CuU Psh Azu } Sizu.
GUP UPh G Au. ]zxU Psh
imk u Fmi. PuP Q US
zP Azx Ezv u. PiUPsh miSa \.
uu vux Pzu UQ UP Psk
hu. P u Ah \ "" \[P A\.
EP C h. Phu. C G Su'' G.
(75)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
{_"z`p\"pu@S"SY"pY"uS" T"sS": _O"SY"X"{`X"pS"X"u\"p` - O"\"u{O" - R"ZO"r{O" R"Z:, T"E"pE"o$
R"ZN"uR"Zpu R"ZN"rR"Z: W"tR"Zpu {`X"\"pS"o, \"rEY"p{QO\"pO"o R"Z{N""VQ @pZpSO":$ Y"Qp`l:\"r{E": T"z{X"{`: @u{qZOY"pp _\" QrC"Y"pu: {O" $ O"_Y" @SY"p T"se"r, @SY"pY"p S" {O"
S" D>rT"o $ O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{: ù R"Z{N"R"Z@SY"u, O"uS" O"_Y" B"p{Q_"X"_O"pT"B"pT"@w {O"O\"uS"
O"OT"se"rO\"pO"o W"\"OY"p {T" O"OT"_"tO"O\"z Y"sX"u\"u{O" _"t{E"O"X"o $ _O"SY"z _O"S"puQWo "tO"z T"Y":,
"ZrZp\"Y"\"pO"o $ O"\" W"\"OY"p QY"O"pu \"b":T"Qu ppO"o, Z_Y"{T" E" V"spY"pz QY"z
X"pS"_"u&{T" E" {O" {e"@pNL>"u^": $ _"Z_\"OY"p Y"z _"Z_\"O"rS"Qr_"zV"SR"rOY"P": $
T"Y":T"pZp\"pZ: QlBR"T"Y"pu{R"Zu\" T"qZ\"`{O" T"{O" T"\"Ò"r{O" X"SY"u O"@Y"p{X"$ @sO" OY"e"p` QY"p\"OY"u{O" $ {\"L>{""s: {\"L>G"pOY"s\"pu V"p@:, {\"L>: {T"O"s\"p S"pX" $ O"_Y" {""s:
@{"QW"@: T"ZQl:A"T"`pN"uEF>p QY"p, _"p _Y"p _O"r{O" QY"p\"O"r, O"Y"p @N"p\"OY"p
W"\"OY"p Qf"z T"rOY"{O""Y"uS" {\"dp{N"O"z, O"\" W"\"OY"p: _O"SY"z _"@\"p{B\"p_"puOT"{f"@pZN"z
@sE"b"rZz p_\"p {S"T"rY", T"pMv p> S"pz T"@^"uN "puMp> S"pz X"Ò"pX"o $ T"pQm`puM> - OY"p{QS"p
\"w{: $ @\"Y"{SO" \"N"Y"SO"r{O" @\"Y":, O"u^"pX"o $ "s{E"Qb": "pSO": _"sG"S"{\"S"sO":
_"sdOs "ZO": @p\"uQr {\"pS"o @X"wQTl "Q: @p\Y"E"O"sZ: $ @wO"c"pu Qu\"c": _"QY"QY":
_"O@sW"\": "sW"pE"pZF>SQpuB"sN"B"N"{\"\"u@ _" {` @{\": OY"sb"N"pS"pz @p\Y"@ZpN"pz
_"tqZN"pz E" X"RY"u @X"S"rY": pC"S"rY": @\"{Y"O"p \"N"{Y"O"p @{\" pu:> , N\"sOo "wE"pv {O"
O"wE"o $ G"{S" G"pO": $ O"_O\"QrY"_O"SY"z _"pZ_\"O"T"pZp\"pZT"\"p` \"u{O" T"{O"W"pO"rOY"P": $
e" \"pY"pP"Òu "s@@p\Y"{pS"sT"p{N"O"puOT"b"ppZ: $ e"uY"X"pAY"p{Y"@p dtY"O"u $
"ZpE"pY"_Y" {T"O"p T"ZX"u"ZrW"pu B"pX"p{`Z\"{_P"O"z {XV"@pY"O"S"z B"O\"p QlBR"uS" O"z
_"zpTY" T"tG"pz {\"R"pY" QlBR"puT"`pZz QO\"p, \"{"z> QlBR"z V"p@pY"pE"pY"pY" T"Y"EF>{O" $
V"p@_Y" X"S"{_" T"OY"`z T"ZX"u"Zr QlBR"z {T"V"{O", T"rO""u^"z X"z {T"O"p QQpO"r{O" \"O"O"u $
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -74
232
@Qp{E"QoB"pX"pSO"Zz B"EF>S"o {T"O"p V"p@X"pO"Zz T"tG"pY"v _"X"p{QY"pB"pO"o $ _"p E" O"P"p @s\"pN"p
rR"{X"N"r _"O"r, B"w`&u SY"_Y"pW"p\"pO"o, QlBR"uS" W"B"\"O"rz _"zT"tGY" pB"EFu{> O" V"p@X"p{QQu" $
_"pu&{T" O"P"p @wO\"p T"ZX"u"Zrz QlBR"z {T"V"uOY"s\"pE" $ O"Qp {\"XV"pO"o Zpu{QO"sX"S"uS"pZR"u
_"@X"{T" b"rZz _"p T"rO"\"O"r$ _" E" T"sS": T"pe"z qZX"ppuY" _"\"X"{T" O\"Y"p T"rO"z, S"
{@{"Q{T" X"QP"X"\""u{^"O"z {O" Q{O"$ {_X"S"o W"B"\"O"r _"QY"QY"p _X"v
_\"_O"SY"X"QpO"o $ O"O"_O"QpS"rX"u\" @p\Y"pS"pJ>@p{Q\"pDoX">Y"{\""u^"p: _"\"pNY"{T" E" "pp{N"
T"pQlZW"t\"{"{O" $ @u{E"f"s $ W"B"\"Qz"pu&T"z "ZpE"pY"pu V"pT"r ^"NX"p_"X"pe"\"Y"p:
{T"O"Y"{O"QqZu {W"b"pP"| B"O"u, X"pO"qZ E" T"pS"rY"p`ZN"pY" S"Qrz T"{O" B"O"pY"pz {O"QpqZpO"o
Qp_"Qp_"rG"S"pW"p\"uS" @p@ QS"o @se"p{T" B"SO"sX"": b"sR"pT"r{L>O": @SQS"p_"pu
W"\"S"pN"u T"qZW"X"S"o Y"EF>Y"p B"B"S"X"pB"uN " W"e"p _"` {\"`ZSOY"p T"p\"OY"p _"QY"z >: $ O"Y"p
E" W"tX"p\"\"O"rY" _"u`{X"X"z V"p@X"sf"puY" R"trT"qZX"pG"S"T"sZ__"Zz V"p^T"X"T"S"rY" _O"SY"X"_X"v
V"p@pY" T"QpY" W"tX"pv {S"{b"TY"pB"p{X"$ O"QpS"rX"u\"p_Y" {S"Qpu^ "@p\Y"_"`p{N" _"\"p{N" E"
"pp{N" T"pQlV"W"t\"sqZ{O" @p"rQu"rY"pu&Y"z pW"pN"@ OY"p`l: $$ 75 $$
Anv
][P u sk v |USx i uzv
U TQ & P[P u |vP uux uUS
uuQ. u ! E x Q
w|v uhx. Ph Auzu USQx.
vh Gz uuUS UP. vh Czua \u
P. Ax x }UP } Ah uu uzu
Q PPUS ]u. PP, y, v, Av,
UPh |, | P, Pb, Bu A,
\, Pu |US, \|n, uEn, ,
|Szu, |hzu, \ub, Szu C UPP
sk. C[P Esk. (Uzuu.) ]
uP T. Bu x \[P. uu P H,
GkUPa \x, u } Pn BUSa \u.
Eu xn C. uzx hmh Su ] Aux. k
x _ ux. Ax \ w CU Psk yUQ
_}UQz u u Pkzxz u kUPmka \. Su
]uPx G. Cx Pg]() Qmi Px a\v. (75)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
O"\"
_O"SY"{X"{O"
ù
X"pO":,
O"\"
_O"SY"z
_O"S"{S"__"wO"p
QlBR"R"pZp
_O"SY"X"o -
233
\"pO_"Y"T"u`Z_"pp QY"O": T"\"wf": _"pZ_\"O": T"Y":T"pZp\"pZ {O" T"qZ\"`{O" $

_"Z_\"OY"p: _"\"_\"T": _"Z_\"O"r_"zT"pQ@: b"rZ_"pB"Z: T"\"`{O" $ _"Z_\"O"r_"zT"pQ@:
@_X"pO"o, Y"O": O"\" _O"SY"z {\"L>{""s: {\"L>V"p"N"V"p@: dr"z@ZpE"pY"_\"T":,
p_\"p T"rO\"p, T"pMv p> S"pz @\"rS"pz X"RY"u @X"S"rY": @\"{Y"O"p G"{S" $ @X"S"rY"z _"sSQZz
@\"Y"{O" $ P"\"p @X"u\" T"Qz, @X"S"rY": @p\Y"_Y" BpsNpp>pZp{Q @p\Y"b"Np _"zT""_Y"
@\"{Y"O"p @X"S"rY":@\"{Y"O"p $ T"sS": {@z{\"R"z _O"SY"z, QY"p\"OY"p O\"Y"p Qf"X"o $
e"pAY"p{Y"@pe"Y"X"o $ @u \"Q{SO" drX"O"p "z@ZpE"pY"uN "puT"p{_"O"p W"B"\"O"r W"s\"S"u"Zr
QY"p\"O"rS"pX"np: "z@ZpE"pY"X"pO"s\"u^ "z R"wO\"p _O"SY"z T"p{Y"O"\"O"r, Y"uS" O"p"pu X"`pT"s^"pu
G"pO" {O" $ T"Zu \"Q{SO" $ @{"Qo{\"L>pu V"p"N": T"ZX"QqZ p_"rO"o $ O"_Y" W"pY"p{T"
T"ZX"QpqZpQoQ:l {A"S"r O"P"p {A""p $ T"se"pu G"pO": _" V"p: ^"pNX"p{_"@:$ \"z {_P"O"u
@Qp{E"p"N"pu {W"b"pP"| B"pX"pSO"Zz B"O": $ V"p"N"r V"pz B"wù _P"pT"{Y"O\"p B"pX"p{`:
T"pS"rY"X"pS"uO"sz B"O"p $ O"Qp {\"XV"u G"pO"u V"p: b"sR"p{T"T"p_"pWY"pz T"r{L>O": @N"z ZpuQ $
O"{_X""\"_"Zu drT"p\"O"rT"ZX"u"Zpv {\"X"pS"X"pp@p"X"pB"uN " Y"pSO"pv V"pz ^>p "pu@z
T"pT"O"s: $ V"pz S"rO\"p T"ZX"u"Zr @wT"Y"p _O"S"X"T"pY"Y"O"o $ O"O": _" X"`p@{\"G"pO" {O" $ _" E"
"pT"QBR": @p{O"@u Y" {O" \"Q{SO" $ O" \" QSO"z _\"V"pX"ppuY" _O"S"Y"pu: T"\"pu
R"Y"{O" $ T"Zu T"sS"\"Q{SO", pz@ZpE"pY"_Y" {T"O"p B"pX"p{`:@wO"T"p_"pQ_P"pz T"ZX"u"Zrz
T"tG"{Y"O"sz QlBR"p{Q_"pX"B"rX"pQpY" V"pz T"se"z `_O"u R"wO\"p T"OY"`z B"EF>{O" $ pT"{Y"O\"p
pS"p\"{"z> {@{"QoQBl R"z T"se"X"pQpY" T"pY"Y"{O" $ @Qp{E"QlOT""u @pY"u B"pX"pSO"Zz B"EF>S"o T""rz
T"tG"pP"X"p{QY" B"O": V"p_O"s \"{">O\"_\"W"p\"B"O\"uS"pS"sX"O": $ _Y"p {T" ZG"puQ"S"pO"o,
O"Y"p "z@Z_\"pX"r V"p \" T"tG"p_"pX"B"rz B"w`rO\"p T"tG"pP"| T"{u ^"O": $ O"uS"
V"pY"\""pQS"WY"p_"p" _"\"QBl R"uS" W"B"\"O"r p{T"O"u{O", T""pOT"tG"pSO"u _\"pz"z B"\"u^"X"pN"pu S"
T"pT"{Q{O" Ql:A"uS" @N"z ZpuQ{u O" $ T"ZX"u"Zr O"Qp@NY" QY"pz @wO\"p "z@Z_\"p{X"S"z _\"@Y"z
_O"SY"z T"pY"Y"pX"p_" $ O"uS"u"pu X"`pT"s^"pu G"pO" {O" $ P"\"p "z@Z_\"pX"r QY"p\"O"rS"pX"nrz
X"pO"Zz W"s\"S"u"ZrT"uN" RY"pY"{O" T"Y"{O", O"uS" O"_Y"p: _O"SY"z T"rO\"p O"p"pu G"pO"
OY"sOT"bu "p $ O"\" _O"SY"z X"SY" {O" pu@_Y" Z`_Y"pP":- X"`p"{X"Se"X"p` - O"\"u{O" $ _O"SY"z
@pX"@p, O"s{`S"{B"qZ@SY"u T"Zp, _"pZ_\"O"z \"pBW"\"z, V"ppY"p: T"ZX"pu X"Se"pu X"`f"sWY"z
T"@p{"O"X"o $ X"`p@pX"@p X"RY"u \"uQpp{Q: T"ZpOX"@: $ X"`p"p{S\"O"z Qu{\"
{E"pDoX">Y"UT"Q: $$ Y"z X"Se" T"p{_"O": pE"pY"E"ZN"vqZ{O" T"P"Y"{SO" B"sE"ZN"p: $ puz uz
| _"pv: $$ (puz uz | pv:) $$ 75 $$
234
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -74
BuQ
vh na] \[P\. uu UP. C[S

P E. \[P\ h a
uv G \[P u i x uzu Pa \u.
Au A CzuP G. H na ]P \[P
Anv Eu. C Hu J \zu Pu
na ] G. x . Uzux.
\[P uv G u u aPz vUP, A u\
ux u uu. Au Azuu P B G. v Cu
P]. K I D : K I D J: G. (75)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
O"\"u{O" $ ù R"Z{N"R"Z@SY"u, O"\" _O"SY"z _O"S"pWY"pX"sQWo "tO"z T"Y": `z {O" X"SY"u \"z
G"pS"p{X", \"z @P"z, QY"O": _"pZ_\"O": _"Z_\"O"r_"zV"SR"r T"Y":T"pZp\"pZ \" b"rZ_"X"s \"
T"qZ\"`{O" $ _O"SY"_Y" "uO"\"N"O\"pO"o _"Z_\"O"r_"zV"{SR"O\"uS" X"pR"sY"pO_"sR"pT"O\"uS"
E"puOT"bu "N"X"o $ {O" X"SY"u$ e" QY"O" OY"S"uS" "VQuS" QY"puQWo "tO"pu&S"SY"Qu\"O"p_"pR"pZN":
T"ZX"u"Y"u@ \"w{f":, pOX"rY"W"G"S"u^"s {S"T"p{R"@u`Z_"{S"^Y"SQ EY"O"u $ O"OT"W"p\"pQu\"
_O"SY"_Y" pu@p{O""p{Y"E"up> {\""u^"z T"{O"T"pQY"{O" $ Y"f"\" _O"SY"X"p_\"p T"qZT"rY"
{\"L>{""s: _"zV"SR"S"pX"p @p"r(^"r)Qu"puOT""pu X"`p@{\": T"pMv p> S"pz {S"Qpu^ "@p\Y"_"`@ZN"u {S"T"sN"pS"pz _"O@\"rS"pz \"N"{Y"O"%N"pz X"RY"u @X"S"rY": _T"w`N"rY": _"X"_O"pu@pC"S"rY"\"pBB"sXW": @\"{Y"O"p X"`p@{\": G"{S" _""pO":$ e" A"\"u\"z dtY"O"u $ @p{O"@u Y"
\" @sO"{"SX"s{S""pT"pSX"S"s^Y"G"SX" B"SO"s@pX": @_Y"p{"QoV"p"NY"p QqZpY"p QZp"pO":$
_" V"p: ^"NX"p_"X"pe"\"Y"p \" {T"O"qZ {W"b"pP"| V"{`B"O"u, X"pO"qZ E" T"pS"rY"p`ZN"pY" S"Qrz
T"{O" B"O"pY"pz, {O"QpqZpO"o Qp_"rQp_"G"S"pu@pW"p\"uS" @ \" QS@se"p{T" B"SO"sX"":
b"sR"pT"r{L>O": O"w^"p\Y"p@s" @SQS"pO"sZpu&W"\"O"o W"\"S"pN"u T"qZW"X"S"o $ Y"EF>Y"p
B"B"S"X"pB"uN " W"e"p _"` {\"`ZSOY"p T"p\"OY"p _"@N"z >X"o $ O"Y"p W"tX"p\"\"O"rY" _"u`@N"{X"X"z
V"p@X"sf"puY" R"t{z T"qZX"wGY" V"p^T"X"T"S"rY" _O"SY"X"XV"Y"p O"_X"v V"p@pY" T"OY"T"p{Q $ O"z
W"tX"pv {S"{b"TY" W"B"\"OY"pz B"O"pY"pz O"Ob"N"pQu\" _"zV"SR"@\"r"Z_Y" V"QS"pZ{\"SQpQS"SO"@pu{J>@p\Y"T"\"p`p: _"zT""p: $ {O" @p"r(^"r)Qu"T"pX"p{N"@W"{N"{O": T"{_"p $ O"p"z
_O"SY"z QY"p\"OY"p Qf"X"o $$ 75 $$
_O"SY"X"o -
235
uzw &
vh]_ u G. Pg^() u\zv u. C Ex
u Qu Pa ]u P. PzvP J \zu
u kzx J H Aun xh u. B u B
]_S ]. uu GkUPa \. u } Pn BUSa
\u. xn Hx uzvu ]_] Pux. u
Pnh \ v CuU Psk C[Qa ]_z yUQ
Gkzxz y]P Pspz xhzx uu. Eh \u
PQ Pi C _[P i G Pg^()u\zxa \a
\v. AzuP z u uu. (\a \vu Pg] ^
PPUP.) (75)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" _O"SY"\"N"S"X"p` - O"\"u{O" $ ù R"Z{N"R"Z@SY"u O"\" _O"SY"z _O"S"u W"\"z QlBR"z, _"Z_\"O"r
\"pBQu\"r O"_Y"p: Y"z _"pZ_\"O":, T"Y":T"pZp\"pZ: b"rZ_"X"s:, T"qZ\"Ò"r{O" QY"O"pu QY"uS"
X"S"_"p X"SY"u O"@Y"pX"rOY"P": $ W"\"pS"r_O"SY"_Y" _"pZ_\"O"T"Y":T"pZp\"pZO\"z UV"@TY"{X"OY"p`
- QY"u{O" $ Y"_X"puO"pu: O"\" _O"SY"z {\"L>Qu "u {""s{ \"L>{""sqZOY"pOX"pS"X"p` $ _\"T"nu QY"Y"p
Qf"z W"B"\"OY"p Y"O_O"SY"z O"Qp_\"p T"rO\"p, T"pMv p> S"pz X"Ò"pz @\"rS"pz X"RY"u pOX"pS"z @{\"X"pE"u$>
@\"Y"O"r{O" @\"{Y"O"p @{\"ZG"{S" G"pO": $ @X"@pu&e" G"{S": $$ 75 $$
uzu\vP
vh u\zv u ]_ Gz u \[P SkQ. P
u u uu. EP Eu. (75)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù R"Z{N"R"Z@SY"u ! T"\"O"ZpG"@sE"{S@u ! T"ZX"u"qZ ! O"\" _O"SY"z _O"S"puQWo "tO"z QlBR"z
"ZrZp\"Y"\"pO"o {O" Y"O"o T"OY"Y":, Y"O"o _O"SY"z @X" _"pZ_\"O": _"Z_\"O"r_"XV"SR"r Y":
T"pZp\"pZ: b"rZ_"X"s \" T"qZ\"`{O" _"X"SO"O": T"\"`{O" {O" X"SY"u; e" QY"O" OY"S"uS"
"VQuS"
QY"puQWo "tO"pu&S"SY"Qu\"O"p_"pR"pZN":
T"ZX"u"Zv@\"w{f":
pOX"rY"W"G"S"u^"s
{S"T"p{R"@u`Z_"{S"^Y"SQ EY"O"u, O"OT"W"p\"pQu\" _O"SY"_Y" pu@p{O""p{Y"E"up> {\""u^"z
T"{O"T"pQY"{O" - QY"p\"OY"p @N"p\"OY"p O\"Y"p Qf"z T"{O"T"p{QO"z Y"Qu\" _O"SY"z p_\"p
T"qZT"rY" {\"L>{""s: _"XV"SR"S"pX"p @p"rQu"puOT"": X"`p@{\": T"{_": $ O"_Y" A"\"u\"z
dtY"O"u - @p{O"@u Y" \" @sO"{"O"o X"s{S""pT"pSX"S"s^Y"G"SX" B"SO"s@pX": @_Y"p{"p"NY"p
QqZpY"p QZp"pO": $ _" V"p@: ^"NX"p_"X"pe" \" {T"O"qZ {W"b"pP"| V"{`B"O"u, X"pO"qZ E"
236
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -76
T"pS"rY"p`ZN"pP"| S"Qrz T"{_P"O"pY"pX"{O"QpqZpQo Qp_"Qp_"rG"S"pu@pW"p\"pO"o @: _"S"o QS"o

@se"p{T" B"SO"sX"": b"sR"pT"r{L>O": @SQS"pO"sZpu W"\"S"pN"puT"qZ W"X"S"o Y"EF>Y"p B"B"S"X"pB"uN "
W"e"p _"` {\"`ZSOY"p T"p\"OY"p _"@N"z >: $ O"Qp E" W"tX"p\"\"O"rY" _"u`@N"{X"X"z
V"p@X"sf"puY" R"t{z T"qZX"wGY" V"p^T"X"T"S"rY" _O"SY"X"XV"Y"p O"_X"v V"p@pY" T"{O"T"p{QO"X"o $ O"z
E" W"tX"pv {S"{b"TY" W"Bp\"OY"pz B"O"pY"pz O"Ob"N"pQu\" _"XV"SR"@\"r"Z_Y" \"QS"pZ{\"SQpO"o
S"SO"@pu{J>{Q\Y"@p\Y"T"\"p`p: _"XT""p:, {O" @p"r(^"r)Qu"u T"pX"p{N"@uY"z W"{N"{O":
T"{_"p $ O"Qu\" Y"f"\" _O"SY"X"p_\"p T"pMv p> S"pz {S"Qpu^ "@p\Y"_"`@ZN"{S"T"sN"pS"pz @\"rS"pz
\"N"{Y"O"%N"pz X"RY"u @X"S"rY": _"X"_O"pu@pC"S"rY"\"pBB"sXUX"{`X"p @\"{Y"O"p X"`p@{\"ZG"{S"
G"pO": $ @\" T"\"N"S" {O" R"pO"sZQSO"E"sZp{QB"N"u T"M>O> "u $ @\"Y"O"r{O" @\"{Y"O"p T"V"SR"@O"p
O"wG"SO": $$ 75 $$
isi
UP uu. PzvP \zu Aun SP H
Skzv x u uu AP Cu x, v
AuSz u z uu G Pu uu. A u.
Pgû\zxa \v Cx. (75)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
O"\" _O"SY"{X"{O" $ ù R"Z{N"R"Z@SY"u, O"\" _O"SY"z _O"S"puQoW"tO"z QlBR"z, QY"O": _"pZ_\"O":
_"Z_\"O"r_"zV"SR"r T"Y":T"pZp\"pZ: b"rZ_"X"s: T"qZ\"Ò"r{O" X"SY"u $ QY"p\"OY"p O\"Y"p Qf"z Y"O_O"SY"z
O"\" {\"L>{""s: X"b"N": p_\"p T"pMv p> S"pz @\"rS"pz X"RY"u @X"S"rY" O@w>: @\"{Y"O"p @{\"ZpG"pu
G"pO" OY"P": $ e" T"t\"| @p"rQu"u h{^""pT"pO"o V"p"N": _@SQpu&\"O"rN":$ _" {T"O"qZ Qu"pSO"Zz
B"O"u X"pO"qZ E" T"pS"rY"pP"| B"O"pY"pz ^"NX"p_"\"Y"_@: T"pN"u b"sR"Y"p Q"p_"rO"o $ O"{_X""u\"
@pu p@p"u {"\"uS" _"` B"EF>SOY"p {"\"Y"p {O"@pNY"pO"o W"tO"X"pB"OY" _O"SY"X"_X"v
QO\"p&SO"{Ò"X"o $ O"Q\"{R" _" E" X"`p@{\"G"pO" {O" \"Q{SO" $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - ù R"Z{N"R"Z@SY"u,
R"Z{N"R"Z@SY"pY"p : @pX"pu \"p{IF>O"z Y"_X"pO"o _" O"P"p $ Do> _\"p{Q{O" _"spuT": $ O"\"
QY"O": QY"p\"{O" @N"p"p{{S" pQf"z _O"SY"z _O"S"pu{E"O"z `pZT"z \"_O"s _"pZ_\"O": T"pZp\"pZ:
@X"S"rY": T"qZ\"Ò"r{O" X"SY"u $ Y"O_O"SY"z `pZT"z \"_O"s O"\" {\"L>{""sZp_\"p RY"pO\"p
@\"{Y"O"p&G"{S" OY"P": $ Y"p QY"p\"OY"p Y""puQY"p Qf"z _O"SY"z O"\" QY"O"pu \"Ò"r{O" _"pZ_\"O":
T"pZp\"pZ \" X"SY"u $ {\"L>{""sz ZpO"r{O" {\"L>{""sZp, T"p\"O"rT"p Y""puQpY"p: @SY"p $
Y"O_O"SY"X"p_\"p T"pvM>pS"pz @\"rS"p{X"O"p S"sB"O"p S"s@tp G"{S" $ ù @\"u $$ 75 $$
ZpuX"p\"{: - E\
237
Pu
x UP u . qzv,
PUS A ! E Ezvx Pn SQx.
Pzv x x[S zu Ax. Au vh ]_ vzxU
P. uUP \u uu E x x w \Uv
P SQx. Au Q ]_ [PP Eux. (75)
pS"SQ`Zr
O"\"u{O" $ ù R"Z{N"R"Z@SY"u T"\"O"T"s{e", O"\" _O"SY"z QlBR"z QY"pO"o _"pZ_\"O": _"Z_\"O"r_"zV"SR"r
T"Y":T"pZp\"pZ: b"rZ_"X"s: T"qZ\"`{O" T"\"pÒ"pu B"EF>O"rOY"`z X"SY"u $ Y"O_O"SY"z QY"p\"OY"p O\"Y"p
Qf"X"p_\"p T"rO\"p O"\" {\"L>{""s: X"O_\"T": T"pvM>pS"pz T"@w>pS"pz @\"rS"pz X"RY"u @X"S"rY"pu
X"S"puc": @\"{Y"O"p @{\"ZG"{S" G"pO": $ O"\" Y"Qo QlBR"{X"OY"T"Zu $ {\"L>Qu "u @_Y"{E"QoV"p"N"_Y"
B"wù _@SQ \"p\"O"rN": _" E" {T"O"qZ {E"O"u X"pO"qZ G"pP"| B"O"pY"pz zB"N"u b"sOT"r{L>O"pu
Q"p_"rO"o $ Qu\"r _"X"pB"OY" @N"Y"p O"_X"v _O"SY"z QO\"p&SO"{Ò"p $ _" O"s ^"pNX"p{_"@_O"QpS"rz
@{\"G"pO": $ _" \" "ZpE"pY" {O" pu@u T"{_"{: $$ 75 $$
Bu
x UP Ai. \zu H Aun SP u Pu
v u U P\[P\ G ]zv. (75)
*
`Z@puR"G\"pp\"{{W"Z\"rMu>S" \"T"s^"p
B"W"rZu O"u S"pW"r_"Z{_" @wO"_"pu1 X"S"{_"G": $
_"X"sf"_P"pv O"_X"pQE"O"S"Y"u R"tX"{O"@p
G"S"_O"pz G"pS"rO"u O"\" G"S"{S" ZpuX"p\"{qZ{O" $$ 76 $$
Uu: Ah|
P u | Uu[P 1 |: >
zuu uz A\ u| yvP
|u }u u |{ v >> (76)
1. @wO"T"pu,
@wO"H"zT"pu, S"S"s X""pu
Uu, Uu , |~U|.
238
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -76
u & |{ ! u ! A\u| ! P ! :& zv

uQ u, Uu: ] PQ
wUPxP Ah ` Ehh P u |
BUP Ex u G k Uu[P: Q. uz & Au,
yvP & Pi P zuzu & Gux. |:& UP u Au
P : Cv E\ G }u EnQx.
|uS\z.
uuu
|zz, G u |[P { Q.
bX"rR"Zp
`Z_Y" @puR"G\"pp\"{{W": \"rMuS> " p{\"uS> " p{\"uS> ", \"T"s^"p B"W"rZu {S"X"n,u O"
\" O"u O"\", S"pW"r_"Z{_" S"pWY"u\" _"Z: O"{_X"S"o, @wO"_"pu X"S"{_"G": X"SX"P":, O"e" {S"X""
OY"P": $ _"X"sf"_P"pv QW"tO"o $ O"_X"pO"o S"pW"r_"Z_":, E"O"S"Y"u ! T"p\"{O" ! R"tX"{O"@p
R"tX"p\"{:, pZT""X"_"X"Y"pu\"p $ G"S": pu@:, O"pz R"tX"{O"@pz G"pS"rO"u \"N"Y"{O" $
G"S"{S"! X"pO": ! O"\" ZpuX"p\"{qZ{O" ZpuX"Zp{G"qZ{O" $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù E"O"S"Y"u !
X"S"{_"G": `p@puR"G\"pp\"{{W": \"rMuS> " \"T"s^"p B"W"rZu O"u S"pW"r_"Z{_" @wO"_": $
O"_X"pQoR"tX"{O"@p _"X"sf"_P"pv $ ù G"S"{S" ! O"pz G"S": O"\" ZpuX"p\"{qZ{O" G"pS"rO"u $
e"puOT"bu "ppZ:, ZpuX"ZpG"u: R"tX"{O"@pO\"uS"puOT"bu "N"pO"o $ Y"p G"S"_O"pz G"pS"rO"u OY"S"uS"
W"p{SO"X"pS"o T"O"rY"O"u, ZpuX"ZuA"pQ"S"_Y" R"tX"ZuA"pW"p{SO"G"S"@O\"pO"o $ Y"p - {O""Y"pu{:
G"S"_O"pz ZpuX"p\"{X"RY"\"-_Y"O"r{O" T"O"rO"u: $ Y"p - {S""Y"pSO"_"SQu`:, O"pz ZpuX"p\"{qZ{O"
{S"{"S"puO"r{O"$ \"z E"O"sN"pX"pZpN"pz G"pS"rO"u {O" T"QpQlOP"pS"pO"o @\"pE"@pS"sT"\"u"uS"
_"Z: $$ 76 $$
u
u ! P ! u Pk[Pzw `mh.
A Eh Gux. E uQ Bu }zuUPzuU Pshh
Au GQ Ehh IU. Eh A[S Pi }sh
PU Pk Gx u |UQa \x. EP Au
Sv GUPshx. UP P GUPt
E \PU Pshx . E \ PU PiPU
Pnmh Ax . u Gu \uP {a\zvS
Eux. (76)
ZpuX"p\"{: - E\
239
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
`Zu{O" $ ù E"O"S"Y"u, `Z@puR"G\"pp\"{{W": \"rMuS> " @\"{O"uS" \"T"s^"p, B"W"rZu O"u
S"pW"r_"Z{_" @wO"_"zB"pu X"S"{_"G"pu&W"t{Q{O" "u^": $ S"S"s X""pu X"S"{_"G" {O" T"pK>: {E"O"o $
O"_X"pO"o S"pW"r_"Z_": _"X"sf"_P"pv R"tX"{O"@p, O"pz R"tX"{O"@pz G"S"pu pu@pu G"pS"rO"u, ù G"S"{S",
O"\" ZpuX"p\"{qZ{O" $ Y"z ZpuX"p\"{S" W"\"{O", R"tX"{O"@u{O" T"@wO"ZpuX"p\"{z {S"{^"RY"
R"tX"{O"@pY"p: T"{O"T"p{QO"O\"pO"o T"l{O":$ `Z@puR"G\"pp@s_Y"p{T" O\"X"u\" "ZN"z, O\"QSY":
T"qZe"pN"u S" _"X"P" {O" W"p\": $$ 76 $$
Uzu
x Pzw GuUS } Ph. AU P
G. u UP. (76)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
ZpuX"p\"{z \"N"Y"{O" - `Zu{O" $ ù E"O"S"Y"u ! T"\"O"ZpG"T"s{e"@u Qu{\" ! W"rO""ZNY" {O"
W"p\": $ X"S"{_"G"pu X"QS":, `Z@npuR"G\"pp\"{{W": @puT"p{"@pv:, \"rMuS> " \"T"s^"p
"ZrZuN" _"`, B"W"rZu B"XW"rZu, B"pR"O"Y"p {S"\"p_"pù {O" W"p\": $ O"u W"\"OY"p:, S"pW"r_"Z{_"
T"pNY"@p_"pZu, @wO"_": @puR"pSR"`ZpJ>p{"QBR""ZrZ\"uQS"pT"S"puQS"pY" B"pR"W"\"QrY"S"pW"r_"Z{_" @wO"X""S": W"tO"o, {@{X"{O" "u^":$ pu@u {O"_"SO"pT"O""_Y" _"Zpu{S"X""S"p{QQ"S"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ O"_X"pO"o pZW"p\"pT""X"QS""ZrZpO"o, R"tX"{O"@p pZ{S"\"pT"N"_"X"Y"_"X"s\"p, _"X"sf"_P"pv R\"X"sQW"t{Q{O" $ pu@u pZ{S"\"pT"N"u G"uS" @wO"u
R"tX"puOT"{f"Q"S"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ ù G"S"{S" ! W"rO""ZNY"u ! X"pO"Qu{ \" ! G"S": pu@: @\"{Y"O"p
\"p, O\""pW"r_"Zpu{S"X"{"O"ppqZO"X"QS"Qu`pu\"pz R"tX"{O"@pX"u\" O"\" W"\"OY"p: ZpuX"p\"{:
ZpuX"Zp{G"qZ{O" G"pS"rO"u RY"\"_Y"{O" {S"{"S"puO"rOY"P": $ R"tX"O"v\" ZpuX"Zp{G":
S"pSY"uY"{X"OY"{W"T"pY": $ e" X"QS"_Y" Qu\"rS"pW"r_"Zpu{S"X""S"R"mX"{O"@p_"X"sOP"pS"puOT"bu "Y"pu:
ZpuX"p\"pv R"tX"{O"@pO\"pRY"\"_"pY"T"-_"z\"pQpuOT"bu "Y"p _"` _"z@Z: O"uS" ZpuX"p\"uZ{O"ZpX"N"rY"@O\"R\"{S": $$ 76 $$
Anv
u A\ { P ! P Pzw
G u[P Bu } {P E uU Psi[Q Q. un
iu Eh An P Gux. AP E \P
EP {a\zxmhx. (76)
240
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -76
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
`Z@puR"u{O" $ ù E"O"S"Y"u _X""S"{S", G"S"pu pu@pu X"X"pS"{W"c": O"pz R"tX"{O"@pz O"\"
ZpuX"p\"{qZY"{X"{O" G"pS"rO"u $ O"pz @pz, Y"p O"_X"pO_"zY"puB"pO"o _"X"sf"_P"pv G"pO"p $ O"_X"pO"o
@_X"p"pO"p $ Y"Qp O"\" S"pW"r_"Z{_" `Z@puR"@ppS"G\"pp\"{{W"Z\"rMuS> " @\"r@wO"uS"
QX"pS"uS" \"T"s^"p "ZrZuN" @wO"_"pu X"S"{_"G"pu G"pO"_O"_X"p{QOY"P": $ {@zb"N"u S"pW"r_"Z{_"
B"W"rZu \"B"pMsX> ""Y"u $ O"p\"O"p "ZN"Y"puBY"O"pup $ OT"bu Y"O"u S"uY"z ZpuX"Zp{G":, {@SO"s
QBR"pR"Qù _Y" @pX"_Y" S"pW"r@sNLu> H"zT"N"z, O"O"pu G"pO"R"tX"O"u\" R"tX"uA"u\"puOT"bY"O"u $
`Z@puR"u{O" T"_Y" Z`_Y"pP":, X"S"{_"G": @pX"V"rG"z, O"uS" T"t\"@t Ju> Y"puG"{Y"O\"p S"pW"r @pZ:
$$ 76 $$
BuQ
uu UP. P AU G z P]. (76)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
`Z@puR"u{O" $ ù E"O"S"Y"u, X"S"{_"G": _X"Z: `Z@puR"G\"pp\"{{W":, `Z_Y"
@puR"G\"pp: O"p_"pX"p\"Y": T"zY": O"p{W"Z\"rMuS> " \Y"p"uS" \"T"s^"p "ZrZuN" _"` O"u O"\"
B"W"rZu OY"SO"B"pXW"rY"B"sN"Y"su S"pW"r_"Z{_" S"pW"r \" _"Z:, O"{_X"ST"ZX"pS"SQùO"sW"tO"p\"NY"pX"wO"_"zT"tqZO"u X"RY"{\"\"Zu "rO"O"L>pB"pY"X"pS"u T"pY"uN" @wO"_"zB"pu G"pO": O"e" {S"X""
OY"P":, O"_X"p"pW"r_"Z_": R"tX"{O"@p f"_P"pv _"X"s{OP"O"p $ O""pY":{T"NL>_"zY"puB"p"pO"p
R"tX"puOT"{f": T"{_"p $ ù G"S"{S" O"pz R"tX"{O"@pz _"\"pu& {T" G"S"pu pu@: O"\" ZpuX"p\"{qZ{O"
G"pS"rO"u \"N"Y"{O" $ e" G"S"S"r"VQ_"zV"puR"S"pO"o Qpu^"Q{"S"p {T"e"p O"p{L>O": T"se" p@SQS"o
Y"P"p X"pO"sZ@z X"WY"sT> "uOY" >pu W"\"{O", O"P"p _"X"p{R"W"@s{T"O"{T"S"p@T"p{N"pJ>puE"S""s^Y"X"pN""ZrZ: _"@pu@pS"SQQpY"r X"SX"P": O\"pz wpZpX"wO"\"uN"rT"qZT"tN"S"p{W"@sNL>pz
T"Os "_O"S"rz X"pO"Z{X"\" W"B"\"O"rz T"B"XY" T"qZOY"_"@T"qZO"pT"pu G"pO" {O" \Y"GY"O"u $$
76 $$
uzw
UP. uu Pzv u ]_ u i Sx
x. v{ Puv Gu ] P u mh, P]Q
P ][P AuUS | E u E Ahx
u }[Q u. (76)
ZpuX"p\"{: - E\
241
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" ZpuX"p{X"sOT"bu "X"pN"pu \"N"Y"{O" - `Z@puR"u{O" $ \"rMuS> "p_\"p{QO"uS"
\Y"p"uS"uOY"P":$ S"pW"r _"Z \" S"pW"r_"Z: $ O"{_X"S@wO"T": @wO"T"pO": $ e" V"W"t\"u{O"
{@Y"pT"QX"RY"p`pY"X"o$ O"_X"p"pW"r_"Z_":, R"tX"pu {O"@u\" R"tX"{O"@p, O"pz R"tX"{O"@pz G"S"
{O" G"pS"rO"u O"r{O" {@z, ZpuX"p\"{qZ{O" $ e"uOY"P"T"@p"S"X"pe"z {@Y"O"u, O"uS" G"pS"rO" {O"
{@Y"pT"Q_"zV"SR"pW"p\"pO"o {O"rY"p S" $ @pX"_Y" S"p{W"_"Z{_" T"O"S"z R"tX"S"{@puOP"pS"z E"u{O"
Y"X"sOT"bu "O"u $ _T">X"SY"O"o $$ 76 $$
uzu \vP
UP uu. (76)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù E"O"S"Y"u ! T"\"O"ZpG"SY"S"{SQ{S", P"\"p E"p: {\"S"p"p:
Sp{Qpu@T"p\"O"o {\"S"p"Z{Ò"p:, O"S"Y"p: V""{\"^N"sp: Y"_Y"p: _"p E"O"S"Y"p
O"O_"zV"spv $ `Z@puR"G\"pp\"{{W": X"`pQu\"@puT"T"p\"@ù{O"X"pp{W":, \"rMuS> " \Y"p"uS",
\"T"s^"p "ZrZuN" _"`, X"S"{_"G": @SQT": @O"p, O"X"pOX"S": "ZrZ_"SO"pT"X"_"`X"pS": _"S"o,
B"W"rZu OY"SO"B"pXW"rY"B"sN"Y"sO"u O"u S"pW"r_"Z{_" T"ZX"pS"SQùO"sW"tO"p\"NY"pX"wO"_"qZO"u
X"RY"{\"\"Zu "rO"O"J>p@pY"X"pS"u T"pY"uN" @wO"_"pu X""pu G"pO":$ O"_X"pO"o S"p{W"T"Qu "pO"o
R"tX"{O"@p @pE"S" _"X"s{OP"O"p _"X"sf"_P"pv $ O""pY":{T"NL>_"zY"puB"pO"o R"tX"puOT"{f"G"pY"O" {O"
T"{_"{: $ O"pz O"\" R"tX"{O"@pz ZpuX"p\"{qZ{O" G"S": _"\"pu pu@pu G"pS"rO"u $ e"
G"S"S"r"VQ_"zV"puR"S"pO"o Qpu^"Q"S"u {T"e"p O"p{L>O": T"se": Y"P"p @SQS"o X"pO"sZX"WY"sT"uOY" >pu
W"\"{O", O"P"p _"X"p{R"W"@s{T"O"{T"S"p@T"p{N"pJ>puE"S"pS""s^Y"X"pN""ZrZ: _"@pu@pS"SQQpY"r X"SX"P": O\"pz wpZpX"wO"\"uN"rT"qZT"tN"S"p{W"@sNL>pz T"Os "_O"S"rz W"B"\"O"rz
X"pO"Z{X"\"puT"B"XY", T"qZOY"_"@T"qZO"pT"pu G"pO" {O" \Y"GY"O"u $ ... X"SX"P"z T"{O" X"pO"wO\"z
E", T"ZX"u"Y"p: @J>pb"{\"b"uT"pQl{OP"O"pu X"@Z@uO"S": O"OT"t\"| QBR"pu&S"u@R"p T"sS"G"SX"
T"p"\"p{S"{O" T"{_"p B"XY"O"u $ X"XV"p_O"\"u, QBR"z Y"Qp X"QS"X"u@X"S"u@R"p O"u X"sBR":
@J>pb"{\"{R"ZDo@> s ZY"p"@pZ$ R"f"u O"QpT"W"w{O" Qu{\" pJ>S"ue"z _"OY"z {Y"v\"
X"s@s r@wO"{X"SQlX"pv{: $$ e" O\"pB"X"pP"_"z\"pQpu&{T" - @pX"pu{OP"O"pu Y"O"pu G"pO"_O"_Y"p:
@pX"u"Y"pu{^"O": $ @pX"pb"r{O" O"O": AY"p{O"z _"p B"O"p @p{"@pT"sZu $$ 76 $$
242
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -77
isi
Au & q & zP uPU Psh (Cv

u uUS Ask.) UP u. _
Phzu mh u uh C Gx u
EUP . Au CuU TQx. ""u u
Pst uhP GUPmk E Ph A
EzuuU Psh ] mQz u Psn i zx''
G. P\ u P] u Ps P Emi Gu
Pg] A P G P G BP Tx CuP
\S. (76)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
`Z@puR"u{O" - ù E"O"S"Y"u T"\"O"T"s{e" ! `Z@puR"G\"pp\"{{W": {"\"@puT"T"p\"@G\"pp_"X"t`:v \"rMuS> " \Y"p"uS" \"T"s^"p "ZrZuN", X"S"{_"G": @SQT": _\"Zb"pP"| O"\" B"W"rZu
S"pW"r_"Z{_" @wO"H"zT"pu G"pO" {O" "u^": $ O"_X"p"pW"r_"Z_": R"tX"{O"@p @pE"S" _"X"sf"_P"pv,
O""pY":{T"NLuS> " G"pQoR"tX"{O"@u\" $ O"\" ZpuX"p\"{qZ{O" G"S"pu G"pS"p{O" $ G"S"S"r{O"
_"zV"puR"S"X"o $ {\"^N"sT"b"u-S"pW"r_"Z{_" @"u $ E"O"S"Y"u, S" E"{O" \"uQX"pB"p{QOY"E"pu
V""p, _" \" O"S"Y"pu Y"_Y" O"{_X"S"o $ S"pW"rO" \" V"N" OT"f"u: $ G"S"S"X"sOT"{f"Z_Y"p_O"r{O"
G"S"{S", G"S"{S" E" O"puX" E" G"S"{S"ZpuX" O"_Y"p\"{: _"X"t`: S"tO"S"ZpuX"p\"{qZOY"P": $
G"S"S"r{O" T"t\"\"{^N"s_"zV"puR"S"z \"p $$ 76 $$
Pu
UP Eu. q zv u|x u
z uzu q | C[S oUP Qx. (76)
pS"SQ`Zr
`Z {O" $ ù E"O"S"Y"u T"\" O "T"s { e" ù G"S"{S", `Z_Y" Y"p: @ pu R "G\"pp\"Y":
@puR"p{"{"A"p_"X"t`p: O"vZ\"rMu>S" \"T"s^"p "ZrZuN" {\"{">pu X"S"{_"G": S"pW"r_"Zpu\"Zu @wO"G"XT":
@wO"T"pO" p_"r{Q{O" "u^": $ O"_X"p"pW"r_"Z_": _"@p"pO"o R"tX"T"p {O"@p _"X"sf"_P"pv {EF~O> "p$
QBR"_Y" @p>pQuG"T"O"S"uS" R"tX"{O"@p O"\" ZpuX"p\"{qZ{O" G"pS"rO"u $$ 76 $$
Bu
Uu: G h. u |k Svzu.
UQu. (76)
ZpuX"p\"{: - E\
243
Y"QuO"O@p{SQrO"S"sO"ZO"Zp@w{O" {"\"u
@w"u X"RY"u {@{""S"{S" O"\"1 Y"p{O" _"s{R"Y"pX"o2 $
{\"X"QpQSY"puSY"z @sE"@"Y"puZSO"ZB"O"z
O"S"tW"tO"z \Y"puX" T"{\""{Q\" S"p{W"z @s`qZN"rX"o $$ 77 $$
uuz Pw u~u u[PUv ]
U\ z Qg]|{ u 1 zv v 2 >
uu S\P\uPu
uu \v | Sp >> 77
1. O"u{\"
{BpqZpu uzu Q\ 2. _"s{R"Y":v:
u & ] ! [P ! |{ & u ! uU\ zz & E

Czu Ck, uuz Gu Cx Pw u~uu[ PUv& P
u }mh uPzuQu, Ax, v
|US S\P\: P\ u[P A &
JUP, uz & Eu AuPu Ch &
BP uu, P uQ Sp | & B |
\vv ~x PnQx.
u~z G u |zu {.
bX"rR"Zp
Y"QuO"O"o T"sZ: _UsZO"o $ Y"EF>VQ_Y" O"EF>VQ_"È"qZO"_Y" T"{_"{\"pE"@O\"z S"p{_O" $
O" \" T"sS"Y"EF>VQpuT"pQpS"X"o $ @p{SQrO"S"sO"ZO"Zp@w{O" @p{Sp: Y"X"sS"pY"p:
O"S"sO"ZO"Z: {O"_"tbX"O"Z: O"_Y"p@w{O"qZ\" p@w{O"Y"_Y" O"O"o $ {"\"u ! W"B"\"{O" ! @w"u
O"S"s{S", X"RY"u \""u, {@{"O"o G"S"{S" ! O"\" Y"O"o W"p{O" _UsZ{O", _"s{R"Y"pz {\"Ql^"pz {\"X"QpO"o
_"^"pO"o, SY"puSY"z T"Z_T"Zz, @sE"@"Y"pu:, SO"ZB"O"z X"RY"\"{O", O"S"tW"tO"z, \Y"puX" B"B"S"z,
T"{\""{Q\" T"\"u"z @s\"{Q\" $ S"rz S"W": OY"pV"pB"puT"pT"{_"X"o $ B"B"S"_Y" S"r{X"p E"
X"tO"O\"z E" @{\"T"{_"X"o $ S"p{W"z @s`qZN"rz @s`Z\"O"rX"o $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù {"\"u !
G"S"{S" ! O"\" @w"u X"RY"u Y"QuO"O@p{aSQrO"S"sO"ZO"Zp@w{O" {@{"O"o ZpuX"p\"{T"z \"_O"s
_"s{R"Y"pz Y"p{O" @sE"@"Y"puZSO"ZB"O"z O"S"tW"tO"z \Y"puX" SY"puSY"z {\"X"QpQ\u " @s`qZN"rz S"p{W"z
T"{\""{Q\" W"p{O" $ S"rz X"tO"| S"W": @sE"@"{\"X"Q\""pO"o R"puW"pB"u _O"z S"p{W"T"Y"SO"z
244
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -77
G"O"sO"pSY"pY"uS"p\"{O">O"u O"puX"p\"{z \"QSO"r{O" W"p\": $ e"puOT"bu "ppZ:, ZpuX"O"pY"p:

B"B"S"{O"@pO\"uS" _"zW"p\"S"pO"o T"P"X"T"pQu {S"Q"S"ppZ:, O"Zp@wO"r{O" {V"XV"T"{O"{V"XV"W"p\"pb"uT"pO"o $ S"Y"pu__"z_"w{>: $$ 77 $$
u
[P u ! u ! E ]zu & Czu Ch P
A J E \Q uQx. P\
C u[P Ch E Ax. C Pzu P
Au Azu Ax | u ~x uQx.
P}i BP\ Cu[Ph E C
u[P Azuzu R | | PnkQx. Ax u
E\? (77)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
Y"QuO"{Q{O" $ ù {"\"u ! Y"QuO"O"o @p{SQrO"S"sO"Zp@w{O" @w"u X"RY"u {@{"O"o O"\" W"p{O",
_"s{R"Y"pz W"G"S"pS"pz O"S"s{\"W"p{O", SY"puSY"{\"X"QpO"o O"S"tW"tO"z, {O"_"tbX"rW"tO"z @sE"@"Y"puZSO"ZB"O"z X"RY"B"O"z @s`qZN"rz B"Z\"O"rz S"p{W"z T"{\""{Q\" $ Y"X"sS"p_"tbX"O"ZpuT"X"pS"z
ZpuX"p\"rb"N"z Y"QuO"O"o {@z{E"Qo W"p{O" $ Q{X"OP"{X"\" \"O"sX""Y"z O"O"o _"s{R"Y"pz X"S"{_"
@sE"@"Y"puX"RY"u B"O"z \Y"puX" O"Y"pu: T"Z_T"Z{\"X"QpO"o _"tbX"z _"O"o S"p{W"@s`qZN"rz T"{\""{Q\"
W"p{O" $ O"p\"O"p \Y"p\Y"b"N"pu ZpuX"p\"Y"p ^"O_"X"sQu pu {S"{T"O": $ e" G"S"{S" O"\"
O"u{\" {B"qZ"u {O" T"pK>pu Y"s: $ G"B"SX"pO"s: ZpuX"p\"r _"\"u^ "pX"u\" W"pO"r{O" \"O"sX"S"s{E"O"X"o$
P"\"p _"s{R"Y" OY"u@\"E"S"z \"p @T"S"rY"X"o $ _"s{R"Y"pu X"`pQu\"_Y"uOY"P"pO"o T"Y"\"_Y"{O" $
SY"_Y" pu@G"S"_Y" ZpuX"p\"rQ"S"_Y"pY"puBY"O\"pO"o $ e"puT"X"p _T">p $$ 77 $$
Uzu
u UP. Cx C Ex G {nUP Cuu
} |_[Q C[Qz u ~Qx G Ab Pu
PxQ. Au AmhPU Pn iu !
N"pX"pu{QS"r
T"sS"Z{T" E" ZpuX"p\"rX"sOT"bu "O"u - Y"{Q{O" $ ù G"S"{S" ! X"pO"Qu{ \" ! Y"O"o T"{_"X"o, O"O"o
T"qZY"X"pS"X"o, @p{SQrO"S"sO"ZO"Zp@w{O" @p{Sp Y"X"sS"pY"p: O"S"sO"Z: {O"_"tbX":
Y"_O"Z: \"rE"r O"_Y"p@w{O"qZ\"p@w{O"Y"_Y" O"O"o $ O"OT"@p"X"pS"z OY"P": $ Y"[O@z{E"_O"s
S"rp"S"uA"p_"X"X"o, @w"u @{"X"\"{O", O"u W"\"OY"p X"RY"u \""u W"p{O" T"@p"O"u $ O"{QQz
ZpuX"p\"{: - E\
245
\"_O"s, "puW"S"p R"r: Y"u^"pz _"s{R"Y"pz @\"{Y"O"%N"pz, @sE"@"Y"pu: \"R"X"pS"Y"pu: OY"P": $

SY"puSY"z T"Z_T"Zz, _"zX"QpO"o T"X"QpO"o T"Z_T"Z{S"ZpuR"p{QOY"P": $ @s`Zz {V"X"_Y"p _O"r{O"
@s`qZN"rz, B"W"rZpz, {S"\"p_"Y"puBY"p{X"OY"P": $ S"p{W"z T"{\""O"o S"r{\"X"pS"z O"O"o T"pT"n\s "{QOY"P": $
SO"ZB"O"z @sE"@"pSO"Zp\"{O", SO"ZWY"SO"Zu B"O"z {\"X"pS"_P"pS"z \"p, O"S"tW"tO"z
\Y"pT"@X"{T" _"tbX"rW"p\"pT""z, SY"P"p B"X"S"pY"puB"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ \Y"puX" S"rO\"uS"
@{\"_"X"Y"{_"X"p@p"{X"\" W"p{O" $ e" S"rz S"W" OY"p{QT"Y"puB"pO"o S"rO\"uS"
@{\"_"X"Y"{_"z \"NY"X"pS"X"p@p"X"u\" @sE"@"pSO"Zp_P"z \"R"X"pS"Y"pu: O"Y"puX"RY"u
{S"V"pR"p\"_P"pS"pW"p\"pO"o _"tbX"p@pZuN" R"pu{S":_"wO"z _"{"T"\"_P"pS"z S"pW"r@s`Zz T"pT"n\s "Qo
ZpuX"p\"{qZ{O" \Y"\"{Y"O" OY"u\"z T"O"rY"O" OY"P": $ e" OT"bu "Y"p {S"Q"S"p_"`@wO"Y"p
Qu\"r@sE"@"Y"puZ{O"{>O\"z W"pBY"b"N"z, ZpuX"p\"uZ{O"_"tbX"O\"z T"@p"X"pS"O"p E" _"tEY"O"u $$
77 $$
Anv
| Pniuu PP PU PsP EnQ.
Cu[Ph Ch G J C. BP\ {u
}PU Pnk. C[S Ch E i u
C[SQx. A[S uh Hx. P |[Q u[P Uzv
]. E P ~sou kQx. (77)
pS"SQ{BpZrY"p
Y"QuO"{Q{O" $ ù G"S"{S" O"\" @sE"Y"puX"RY"u&SO"Zpu QZpuT"qZW"pB"u Y"O@p{SQrO"S"sO"ZO"Zp@w{O"W"p{O", @p{SQr Y"X"sS"p O"_Y"p_O"S"sO"Zpu _\"O"Z: _"tbX"pu Y"_O"Zpu \"r{E":,
O"Qp@w{O" O"O_""z ZpuX"Zp{G"T"z \"_O"s W"p{O" $ _"s{R"Y"pz _"sV"s{G"S"pS"pz SY"P"v\" W"pO"r{O" $
SY"P"u{O" @P"z, @s`qZN"rz S"p{W"z T"{\""O"o @sE"@"Y"puZSO"ZB"O"z \Y"puX"v\"u{O" $ \Y"puX" O"s
X"Ò_"zW"p\Y"O"u, O"e"p`-@sE"@"Y"pu: \"R"X"pS"Y"pu: SY"puSY"{\"X"Qpf"S"tW"tO"X"o $ O"pNY"\"uS" \"R"X"pS"pv @sE"pv, O"pu&SY"puSY"z V"pR"uO"u OY"SY"puSY"V"pR"pY"pz {@Y"X"pN"pY"pz SO"Z\"{O"
\Y"puX"p{T" V"p{R"O"{X"\" _"tbX"T"uN" V"{`{S"B"OY" S"pW"r@s`Zu @SQZu T"{\""O"r{O" $
Y"QuO"O@p{SQr{O" T"_Y" Z`_Y"pP": $ X"pu{`S"r{e"T"sZpX"p` - @p{SQr z, @w"p X"RY"u rz,
\Y"puX" `, @s`qZN"rz ZuU |$ z rz rz X"pu{`S"r {e"T"sZp $$ 77 $$
246
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -77
BuQ
BP\ ASmhu . B E
CmPUQh ux C. u[P |zu
uQ Chiuu E \ G |US
~Qx. v v U z Cu P]. (77)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
ù {"\"u W"G"S"@Y"pN"Qp{Y"{S", ù G"S"{S", O"O_"s{R"Y"pz "puW"S"{R"Y"pz W"p{O" T"@p"O"u $
O"{O@z, Y"QuO"O"o @w"u {O"@{"X""p{{S" X"RY"u \""W"pB"u @p{SQrO"S"sO"ZO"Zp@w{O"
@p{Sp Y"X"sS"pY"p: O"S"sO"Z: _"tbX"O"Zpu Y"_O"Z_O"Qp@w{O"Y"_Y" O"O"o, O"p"z \"_O"s
{@{"OT"{O"W"p_"O"u $ O"{O@z O"mT"X"o $ f"ZpR"uS" \"Q{O" - @sE"@"Y"puZSY"puSY"z T"Z_T"Zz
{\"X"QpO_"zC"^"pO"o O"S"tW"tO"z E"tN"rW"tO"z R"_O"pOT"O"Q"S"pu{O"_"{R"pZpSY"pY"pO"o \Y"puX"v\"
p@p" \", S"pW"rz @s`qZN"rz {O"B"XW"rZT"Qu"Y"spz T"{\""{Q\" W"p{O" $ {@zW"tO"z \Y"puX" Y"O":
@pZN"pQSO"ZB"O"z @s E"pSO"Zu {\"X"pS"X"o $ @e" T" p "pu T "\"_Y" O"O"pu {S"B" E F> O "pu
{S"T"\"Qu"pdY"N"X"s{E"O"{X"{O" $ T"qZ{X"O"u \"pNL>X"NL>u O"O@sE"X"NL>O"pNL>\"A"NL>X"pS"z
S"W"puX"NL>z V""pNL>_"`Y"puBY"pz {S"T"\"_P"pS"W"tO"pz O"\" S"p{W"X"u\" _"sA"X"S"sW"{\"O"sz O"QlSX"sA"z
W"\"O"rOY"{W"T"pY": $$
uzw
ASmkQ shshzv u[P ushzuz
u[P Cu BP\sh B sh[PUS Ch uQ ]UP
E | AhQx. C u. UQu.
(77)
T"QpP"E"[S@p
T"sS"Z{T" ZpuX"p\"rX"sOT"bu "X"pN"pu \"N"Y"{O" $ Y"QuO"{Q{O" $ ù G"S"{S" ù {"\"u O"\" @w"u X"RY"u
Y"QuO"{O@{"O"o T"z ZpuX"p\"{"VQ\"pEY"z W"p{O", O"O_"s{R"Y"pz _"sV"srS"pz T"X"pS"puT"X"uY"\Y"\"`pZE"O"sZpN"pz \Y"puX"u\" W"pO"rOY"S\"Y": $ @p{Sp_O"S"sO"Zpu Y"_O"Z: O"_Y"u\"p@w{O"Y"_Y"pz
W"pS"{@Y"pY"pz O"f"P"p, ZpuX"p\"r_\"T"{\""u^"N"z \"p $ \Y"puX"{\""u^"N"X"sOT"bu "X"pN" p` SO"ZB"O"z @sE"@"X"RY"B"O"z @sE"@"Y"puZSY"puSY"z {\"X"QpO"o _"zû "puO"pu:, O"S"tW"tO"z
@w"rW"tO"z, O" \" @s`qZN"rz T""_O"@s`Zpz S"p{W"z T"{\""{Q\"u{O" e"Y"X"{T" \Y"puX"{\""u^"N"X"o $
O"S"s @pY"u O\"{E" r _Y"p{Oe"^\"T"u {\"Zu @w"u {O" X"u{QS"r@Z: $$ 77 $$
ZpuX"p\"{: - E\
247
uzu\vP
P u UP. (77)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
Y"QuO"{Q{O" $ ù {"\"u, W"pu@@Y"pN"Qp{Y"{S", @p{SQrO"S"sO"ZO"Zp@w{O",
Y"X"sS"pY"p: _"tbX"\"rE"rX"\"B"p`X"pS"z Y"QuO"O"o {@{""rZuA"pOX"@z \"_O"s, O"\" @w"u X"RY"u
{O"@{"X""p{{S" \""W"pB"u W"p{O" Qr{"T"t\"@X"pOX"_"f"pz W"O"u $ O"_O"s ZpuX"p\"rT"z
{@{X"\" {@zW"tO"{X"\" _"s{R"Y"pz "puW"S"V"srS"pz W"p{O" T"{O"W"p_"O"u, O"O"o {@{"mT"z f"ZpR"uS "
\"Q{O" $ SY"puSY"z T"Z_T"Zz @sE"@"Y"pu: _O"S"X"NL>Y"pu: {\"X"QpO_"zC"^"N"pO"o O"S"tW"tO"z
E"tN"rW"tO"z R"_O"pO"o T"O"Q"S"pu{Ò"_"{R"pZpSY"pY"pO"o \Y"puX"u\" p@p" \" $ p@p"_Y"
@{\"_"X"Y"T"{_"z S"r\"N"O\"X"o $ @s`qZN"rz WY"SO"ZB"XW"rZT"Qu "Y"spz S"p{W"z "ZrZX"RY"_P"pS"p\"J>W"t{X"z T"{\""{Q\" W"p{O" @e" T"p"puT"\"_Y", O"O"pu {S"B"OY" B"EF>O"pu
{S"T"\"Qu"pdY"N"z {E"O"X"u\"u{O" "u^": $ Y"O": T"qZ{X"O"u V""pNL>X"NL>u O\"O@sE"X"NL>O"pNL>\"A"NL>X"pS"z S"W"puX"NL>,z V"pNL>_"`R"pZN"Y"puBY"pz {S"T"\"_P"pS"W"tO"pz O"\"
S"p{W"X"u\" _"sA"X"S"sW"{\"O"sz O"QlSX"sA"rW"\"O"r{O" {W"T"pY": $$77
isi
P u UP. (77)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
Y"QuO"{Q{O" $ ù {"\"u ù G"S"{S", O"\" @w"u X"RY"u @p{Sp Y"X"sS"pY"p: O"S"sO"Zpu&{O"_"tbX"pu
Y"_O"Zpu \"r{E":, O"Qp@w{O" O"QS"s@pqZ Y"QuO"O"o {@{"O"o S"rZuA"pOX"@z \"_O"s, O"QSY"puSY"z
T"Z_T"Zz @sE"@"Y"pu{\"X"QpO"o _"^"N"pO"o O"S"tW"tO"z E"tN"rW"tO"z \Y"puX" p@p": @s`qZN"rz
WY"SO"ZB"W"rZQu"Y"spz S"p{W"z T"{\""{Q\" _"s{R"Y"pz W"pO"rOY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - X"RY"u, @"u
{"\"u "puW"S"u, \Y"puX" @"z G"S"S"X"sOT"pQS"X"_Y"p_O"r{O" G"S"{S", G"B""S"@{X"OY"P": $ G"S"S"r{O"
T"t\"\"{^N"s_"zV"puR"S"z \"p $ SY"puSY"z bX"rS"pZpY"N"Y"pu{\"X"QpO"o p{S"pO"o, O"S"tW"tO"z
@sE"@"Y"pu:, P"pbXY"p:, SO"ZB"O"z X"RY"\"{O"$ "u^"z _"X"pS"X"o $$ 77 $$
Pu
EP uu UP. qzv q
CP AnzxU Px, u[Ph E
u Bux. (77)
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -78
248
pS"SQ`Zr
Y"QuO"{Q{O" - ù {"\"u, ù G"S"{S", O"\" @w"u X"RY"u @p{Sp Y"X"sS"pY"p_O"S"sO"Zpu&OY"T"pu
Y"_O"Z:, O"Qp@w{O" O"p"z Y"QuO"O"o {@{"_O\"_O"r{O" "u^": $ O"O@sE"T"Y"pu:
@"Y"puZSY"puSY"z {\"X"QpO"o _"zC"^"pO"o O"S"tW"tO"z E"t{N"O"z \Y"puX" p@p"z @s`qZN"rz B"O"\"O"rz S"p{W"z
T"{\""{Q\" _"s{R"Y"pz W"p{O" T"{O"W"p{O" OY"S\"Y": $ p@p"_Y" Y"pX"O\"z @{\"_"zT"QpY"pO"o $
\"uOY"sOT"bu "pY"pX"o $$77
Bu &
EP UP. (77)
*
{_P"Zpu B"p\"O": _O"S"X"s@sZpuX"p\"{O"p

1
@p\"pz @sNLz> @s_"sX""ZO"uG"pu`lO"W"sG": $
ZO"urpB"pZz {@X"{T" O"\" S"p{W"{B"qZ_"sO"u2
{V"pZz {_"u{B"qZ"S"Y"S"pS"pz {\"G"Y"O"u $$ 78 $$
v P[Pu: u| S u
1
P Ssh S\ uu: >
uP Q u |Qu 2
z zu: Q\||| u >> 78
{S"G"p\"pz , G"p\"pz , @s p\"pz , O"p\"pz {, ,

S, u, S"pW"r{O" {BpqZG"u |vQ.
1.
u & Qu & P !, u|:& E u, zv:

P[Pu: & Khzv {zx mh P[P _, u|S
uP & u[PQ mkP E\Q
PiUS zv, S\u u: Ssh & u n[P
\Uv AU Ssh. u: P. v mh[P,
Q\||| zzu: z ] PsP uz uSu zv
. Q. Ci Hu J, u ]h x[SQx. (78)
| uS\z, uuu|
zz, u| uzzmhu z, u~zz, u u
|[P {P.
S"p{W": - u
249
bX"rR"Zp
{_P"Z: {\"S"p"Z{Ò": B"p\"O": B"pY"p: XW"_"pz W"X":, p\"O"_Y" b"{N"@O\"pO"o
O"{O"Zu@: {_P"Z {O" $ _O"S"X"s@sZpuX"p\"{O"p@p\"pz _O"S"p\"u\" X"s@spv T"s^T"@puZ@pv
O"Y"pu: ZpuX"p\"{Zu\" O"p pR"pZW"tO"p G"S"{Y"e"r, O"_Y"p: @p ZuA"p O"_Y"p: p\"pz
p\"pX"o $ @sNLz> `puX"pP"| _"zT"p{QO"z \"wf"z {"_P"pS"z, @s_"sX""ZO"uG"pu`lO"W"sG": @s_"sX""Z_Y"
X"SX"P"_Y" O"uG": Qr{"Zu\" `lO"W"s@o \"{: O"_Y"$ ZO"u: X"QS"T"Y"p:, rpB"pZz {\"p_"B"w`z,
O"e"v \ " _"\" Q p X"SX"P"_"p\"pO"o O"OT" u Y "_"r O"e"v \ " \"O" O " {O" $ {@X"{T" {S"\"p E Y"z
{O"_"sSQZ{X"OY"P": $ O"\" S"p{W": {B"qZ_"sO"u ! T"p\"{O" ! {V"pZz, B"s`ppZz, {_"u: O"T"{__"u:,
{B"qZ"S"Y"S"pS"pz _"Qp{"\"E"b"s^"pz {\"G"Y"O"u _"\"puO@^"uN" _UsZ{O" $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù
{B"qZ_"sO"u ! O"\" S"p{W": {_P"Zpu B"p\"O": _O"S"X"s@sZpuX"p\"{O"p@p\"pz @s_"sX""ZO"uG"pu`lO"W"sG": @sNL>z, ZO"urpBppZz, {BpqZpS"Y"S"pS"pz {_"u: {V"pZz, {@X"{T" {\"G"Y"O"u $
e"pu u A "p> p Z:, @_Y"p S"pW"u Z S"u @ ZrOY"p u A "pO"o $ S"pY"X"{O""Y"pu { :,
@_Y"pS"u@O\"puuA"S"pQu\" $ S"pTY"{O""Y"pu{X"pp, {@X"T"rOY"RY"\"{_"O"sX""Y"O\"pO"o
{@X"T"rOY"S"uS" _"pR"| X"ppO\"_Y"pS"s{E"O"O\"p{Q{O" Z`_Y"X"o $$ 78 $$
u
P ! E | Au { P[P _, E\
G Pi u[PQ mk ux. AuU PiUS Cx
zv. u uQ AUUP Ssh. vu
mh[P. A[P u u[Su v E k Ax.
]x PsP \u uzv { E Ch. Ax GuP
C? Cxu G {nzxU T Cuu. Ax Pa ]P Ex.
(78)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
S"p{W"z _O"pv{O" - {_P"Z {O" $ ù {B"qZ_"sO"u ! B"p\"O": {_P"Z: {S"":,
_O"S"X"s@s ZpuX"p-\"{O"p@p\"pX"o; _O"S"@puZ@O"pY"p: _O"S"p\"u\" X"s@s pv @puZ@pv O"Y"pu:
ZpuX"p\"{qZ{O" O"p, O"_Y"p: @p\"pz, p\"pW"tO"z @p\"ppu B"O"{\""u^":, @sNLz>
@s_"sX""ZO"uG"puÒl "W"sG":, X"SX"P"_Y" @pSO"uqZ{O" $ ZO"u: rpB"pZz ZO"u: {\"p_"B"w`,z {@X"{T"
{S"\"pEY"z, T"ZX"u"Z_Y"pXV"@pS"pz {_"u{V"z S"CY"B"sN"_"pvSQY"{V"{\"\"ZpZz {_"u:
{B"qZ"S"Y"S"pS"pz {O" {\"G"Y"O"u _"\"puO @^"uN " \"O"O"u $ S"pSY"_Y" O"\" S"p{W"z {\"puY" O"p":
250
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -78
E"X"O@pZpu {B"qZ"S"Y"S"pS"p{X"\" W"p{O" $ {e"puE"S"\Y"{O"qZS"Y"S"pB"puE"ZO\"pO"o $ e"v@_Y"p

\" S"pW"u: B"p\"O"p{Q{W": W"uQpZpuT"pO"o X"ppT"@pu&pZ: $$ 78 $$
Uzu
UP Eu. ] PsP PsQ US AS
US hx. CS Ax PsPUS mk k. (78)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
S"p{W"z \"N"Y"{O" - {_P"Z {O" $ ù {B"qZ_"sO"u ! T"\"O"ZpG"T"s{e" $ Qu{\" ! W"\"OY"p:,
O"uX"Y"p\"u@\"E"S"_Y" {O" Y"s^X"EF>VQ^">@u \"E"S"_Y" O"u OY"pQu": $ S"pqW"_P"pu Q:
{\"S"p"rOY"P": $ B"pY"p X"SQp{@SY"p p\"O": XW"puW"X":, _Y"pQp\"O"pu& XW"_"pz W"X":
OY"X"Z: $ p\"O"_Y" p"sO"Z{\"S"p{"O\"uS" O"QlT"X"pS"pS"Ò\"pO"o O"QlT"Y"puB"pY" {_P"Z{\""u^"N"X"o $ O"P"p _O"S"p\"u\" X"s@s pv @sJoX> "pv Y"_Y"p: _"p _O"S"X"s@s p, _"p E" _"p ZpuX"p\"r E"
ZpuX"Zp{G"Zu\" O"p, O"_Y"p: @p\"pX"o OT"{f"_P"pS"rW"tO"X"p\"pX"o; @uQpZ OY"P": $
_Y"pQp\"pX"p\"pX"p\"pT":- OY"X"Z: $ e" _"`S"pX"pu{: S"pWY"p\"pZpuX"p{O"pU@sE"Y"r {O" $ {@z E" @s_"sX""Z: X"QS":, O"_Y" O"uG"pu Qr{"Zu\" `lO"W"s@o {":
{\"Z{`Qp`@O\"pf"_Y" @sNLz> `puX"_P"pS"\"u{Q:$ {@z E" ZO"u: X"QS"{T"Y"pY"p:, rpB"pZz
@L>pB"pZX"o, O"_Y"pSO"Zp{@pT"\"Z@O\"pO"o B"W"rZO\"p" $ O"P"p {B"qZ"S"Y"S"pS"pz {"\"S"ue"pN"pz, S"uS" {B"qZ\"p_O"\Y"O"Y"p B"s`purb"N"Z{_"@O"p _"t{E"O"p $ {_"u: Y"puBp_Y", {@X"{T"
{S"\"E"S"rY"z, {V"pZz B"s`ppZz, O"T":{_"{_P"pS"{X"OY"P": $ \"z {\"G"Y"O"u _"\"puO @^"uN "
\"O"O"u$ _"X"_O"T"uN" Y"puBY"O\"p{Q{O" W"p\":$ {@X"{T" O"\" S"pW"r{O" {B"qZG"u {O" T"pKu,> ù
{B"qZG"u ! O"\" S"pW"r Qu`X"RY"p\"Y"\":, @w{Q@pZpQ{S"pu D>r^\"p \"\Y": {O" D>r^"o $
{B"qZ"S"Y"S"pS"pz {_P"Zpu B"p\"O" OY"pS"u@T"uN" {@X"TY"{S"\"E"S"rY"z T"O"rY"O"u {\"G"Y"O"u {O"
Y"puG"S"p $ e" @_Y"p \" S"pW"u: S"u@R"p T"N"pO"o {S"Z\"Y"\"z X"ppT"@X"pZ: $
Y"TY"e" {B"qZ"S"Y"S"pS"p{X"{O" T"Q_\"pZ_Y"pQlAu " \" \"\Y"O"Y"p ^"pz T"{O"W"p{O" $ _" E"pe"
B"`rO"wW"uQpW"p\"pO"o O"_Y" E"puAu "u \"Y"\"\Y"O\"pO"o S" {\"pS"pP"p{QX"O"pS"s_"pqZN"pz _"Z{N"z
RY"pZpuÒ"rOY"sT"ubY": $ O"uS" E" S"pW"u: {B"qZ"pSY"S"ue"p{\"^"Y"O\"z \Y"GY"O" OY"pZuN"
\"_O"sR\"{S": $$ 78 $$
Anv
EP UP. _ {zx {v. P[PUS P
AvP. B | _ x. u \ v
S"p{W": - u
251
Ssh. v mh[Pu UPx. ]u

] u uzvP zP, SzP CuU Pshx
]. J | Pz uQx. ]US mk kQ
ux. (78)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
{_P"Z {O" $ ù E"O"S"Y"u, T"p\"{O", S"pW"rOY"p@pZuN" {\"O"@S"p{G"Y"O"u $ @uS" \Y"pT"pZuN",
Y"z {@z {_P"Zpu {S""pu B"p\"O" : , B"pT"Y"_"pz W" X ": $ P"\"p
_O"S"X"s@sZpuX"p\"{O"pG"p\"pz, _O"S"pv X"s@spv Y"_Y"p: _"p _O"S"X"s@sp, _"p E"p_"pv
ZpuX"p\"{O"p E", O"_Y"p G"T"tN"X"p\"pz T"pS"rY"z _P"pT"{Y"O"sX"p\"pX"o $ P"\"p @s_"sX""Z_Y"
X"QS"_Y" Y"_O"uG"pu`lO"W"o@o O"_Y" @sNLz>, Y"P"p p`\"S"p"uZu@z @sNLz> W"\"{O" O"P"p X"QS"O"uG"pu&"u:
\"_P"pT"S"pY" @sNL>X"o $ P"\"p {@X"TY"{S"\"pEY"z, ZO"u: @pX"@p{X"SY"p rpB"pZz @L>pX"NL>z
S"s $ P"\"p {B"qZ"S"Y"S"pS"pz {\"^"{Y"N"r Y"p {_"{:, O"_Y"p pB"X"S"pY" {V"pZz \"p $ Y"e"
drX"`pQu\": @wT"p@J>pb"z R"f"u, O"e" O"Qv\" _"\"p{T" {_"{ZpY"pO"r{O" O"_Y"p pB"X"S"pY"
{V"pZ{X"\" $ P"\"p W"s\"S"X"pO"sW"s\"S"u"Y"p: S"pW"rQ"S"z _"s{R"Y"p \"NY"X"pS"X"S"s{E"O"X"o $ S"{`
@sE"puQZZpuX"ZpG"rZ\"ubY" S"p{W"Q"S"z W"\"O"r{O" T"@pZpSO"ZuN" Y"puG"S"rY"X"o $ O"\" S"pW"r {\"G"Y"O"u,
@"r, {B"qZ"S"Y"S"pS"pX"u \ "z {\"@T"X"pQR"pS"p $ S"S"s {B"qZ"_Y" drX"`pQu \ "_Y"
O"O\"T"qZEFu > Q pO@P"X"u O "p"pu {\"@T": _"z W "{\"^Y"O"r{O" E"u O "o , Z_"X"pB"u "ZrqZN" \"
O"O\"c"p{S"S"pu&{T" _"z"Y"{\"T"Y"p_"p\"_P"p \"NY"O"u $ Y"P"p {R"p@wO"pOX"p {@X"Y"z {Q\"p@Z:
{O" dr@w^N"_Y", \"O_"vO""S"s _"u\Y"O"pz O"O"z E"NL>pz"s"wzW"O"u OY"pQpv drZpX"_Y" E"
W"X"\"N"S"pO"o $ {_P"Zpu B"p\"O" {O" pu@_Y" Z`_Y"pP":- B"N"u"_Y" X"Se"X"p` - {_P"Z {O" $
{_P"Z: T"N"\":, B"p _\"T"z, @s_"sX""Z z, ZO"urpB"pZz uz {B"qZ" `, {B"qZ_"sO"u ZuU:, puz
B"pz B"rz z uz rz $ X"`pB"N"u"X"Se": $ (puz B"z B"pz z uz rz) $$
BuQ
EP u UP. Q\ ]US H Czu
JUP skQ Pm]P? uzbUS J u.
PUS u[P Pnkx C. Cu v &
Pn\ K P P U I G (78)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
_Y" pu@_Y" \Y"pAY"p S"puT"WY"O"u $
252
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -78
uzw &
CSvUS Ax E Qmh.
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" V"`lR"puOT"bu "X"pN"pu S"p{W"z \"N"Y"{O" - {_P"Z {O" $ ù {B"qZG"u, O"\" S"pW"r
OY"u\"zT"@pZuN" {\"G"Y"O"u _"\"puO @^"uN " \"O"O" OY"S\"Y": $ _"\"puO @^"T"@pZpS"u\"p` T"ZX"T"p\"S"O\"pOT"ZX"ppQ-@O\"p" _"\"_Y"u{O" $ {_P"Zpu B"p\"O": \"u{O" "u^": $ B"p\"O":
@Qp{E"{QOY"O"pu {\""u^"N"z {_P"Z {O", W"tO"puT"X"p $ _O"S"pv X"s@s p{\"\" _O"S"X"s@s pv
_O"S"X"s@s {\"{">p E"p_"pv ZpuX"p\"{O"p E"u{O", O"P"p O"_Y"p G"p\"pz G"_"u@pP"|
p\"p{X"\"uOY"P": $ @s_"sX""Z_Y" O"uG": T"O"pT": `lO"W"s{B"\"u{O" O"P"p O"_Y" @sNLz> _P"pS"{X"\" $
ZO"u: @pX"W"pY"pY"p: {@X"TY"{S"\"E"S"rY"z rpB"pZ{X"\" @pvO"s@pB"pZ{X"\" $ SY"u {` {_"p:
{_"{z B"Zu _"pR"Y"{SO" $ O"P"p {B"qZ"S"Y"S"pS"pz {_"u: T"s^"pP"_"pR"S"_Y" {V"pZz
B"Z{X"\"uOY"P":$ @sNL>X> "BSY"pY"u X"pS"u W"uQu Qu\"G"p"Y"u {O" X"u{QS"r@Z: $$ 78 $$
uzu\vP
EP UQu. zuP u CUQ uzv zvU
SPP . ] PsP |SP zv Q. (78)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
{_P"Z {O" $ ù {B"qZG"u T"p\"{O", O"\" S"pW"r{O" T"AY"pO"z S"p{W"T"uN" \"O"X"pS"z,
{B"qZ"S"Y"S"pS"pz X"`pQu\"puE"S"pS"pz pS"SQ{_"u: _"pv>\"@pZN"W"tO"z B"s`pT"z {V"pZz Y"f"\"
{O">{O", O"Qo B"w`rO\"p S"pS"pT"@pZuN" @\"Y": T"pX"p{N"@O"Y"p \"X"sOT"ub"SO"u $ pv{@@puOT"ub"p O"s
\"N"S"pOX"@O\"pO"o T"pX"p{N"Y"u\" $ W"B"\"OY"pz O"s OT"bu "Y"p \"N"{Y"O"sX"_"zW"\" \" $ {\"X"pS"X"u\"
O"N"{Y"O"sz V""{\"^N"sp{Q{W"Z"Y"X"o $ O"p"puOT"ub"p: @X"uN" Q"Y"{O" - {_P"Zpu B"p\"O":,
{_P"Zpu&E":, B"pY"p: _"{p\"O": _"{{\"W"X"N"X"o, {@X"uO"{Q{O" $ SY"p OT"ub"p,
_O"S"p\"u \ " X"s @ s pv Y"_Y"p:, _O"S"X"s @ s p Zpu X "p\"{O"p, Zpu X "Zp{G"{T"N"r \"Zr,
O"_Y"p_O"u&R":T"Qu"u p\"pz T"pS"rY"T"QpS"pY" X"w{f"@pT"p {\">p \"p $ P"puOT"ub"pSO"ZX"p`
- @s_"sX""ZO"uG"pu`lO"W"sG": @SQT"T"O"pT"p"uZS"\"ZO"T"G\"S"pP"| \"O"sp@pZz @sNLz> \"p $ {@{X"{O"
{O" T"QY"z _"\"e"puOT"ub"p_"s {\"G"Y"O"u"VQuS" _"zV"RY"O"u $ T"sS"OT"ub"pSO"Zz, ZO"u: @pX"Qu\"_Y"
T"Y"p rpB"pZz @L>pX"{SQZz \"p rpS"B"Zz \"p A"s pZT"Qu "u _"sC"{J>O"z _"z@s {E"O"X"o, WY"SO"Zu
B"W"rZpW"puB"_"sSQZz S"p{W"T"sJ>{X"{O" O"P"v\"puOT"ubY"O"u $$ 78 $$
S"p{W": - u
253
isi
u ! E | Pu Bu |S zv SP,
Eux, PP Cu P U TQ. u
Eh PUPm] EPuu. CuU Pn zvP
C. B P[P _ PP E. (
EP UP.) v Pu SQ
|kSv h APP CUS. (78)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
{_P"Zpu B"p\"O" {O" $ ù {B"qZG"u ! O"\" S"pW"r OY"S"uS" T"@pZuN" {\"G"Y"O"u _"\"puO@^"uN"
\"O"O"u $ T"@pZX"u\"p` - {_P"Z: _P"vY""pr B"pY"p p\"O": W"{X":, O"P"p _O"S"p\"u\" X"s@spv
G"R"pZN"pP"| B"O"{\""u^":, {S"G"p\"p{X"{O" {E"OT"pK>: $ O"e" {S"G"z _\"rY"X"p\"pz, O"Qu\"
_Y"pQp\"pX"p\"pT"pu&P" S"Qr _"qZO"o OY"X"Z: $ O"P"p @s_"sX""Z: @pX"_O"_Y" O"uG"pu`lO"W"sG":
T"O"pT"p"u: @sNLz> Y"pY": $ O"P"p ZO"u: @pX"T"Y"p: {@X"TY"{S"\"E"S"rY"z rpB"pZz
@L>pX"{SQZz, O"P"p {B"qZ"S"Y"S"pS"pz pS"SQT"pY"p: {_"u: @pZN"rW"tO"z {V"pZ{X"OY"P": $
{\"^N"sT"b"u ù {B"qZG"u, {B"qZG"pY"p: T"p\"OY"p : @pX": \"p{IF>O"z Y"_X"pO"o $ {\": T"b"r B"L>:,
O"z pOY"S"sB"wp{O" {O" {` {\" ! Y"p {B"qZG"p T"p\"O"r, : bX"r:, {\": B"L>:, O"pS"o
pOY"S"s B "w p{O" {O" {@z ù {B"qZG"u { \", {B"qZ"S"Y"S"pS"pz {_"u :
@pX"W"_X"r@ZN"QmZQ"S"p{QT"pY"p pZz, O\""pX"RY"pS"pQu\" QmZQ"S"p{Q{_"{X"ù"_Y"u{O"
W"p\":$ "u^"z _"X"pS"X"o $$ 78 $$
Pu
EP UPu. q zv & P
zu A ! P, , Ph CPUS A !
u PsP u GUP yzv EuU Pn
A G. (78)
pS"SQ`Zr
{_P"Z {O" $ ù {B"qZG"u, O"\" S"p{W"qZOY"S"uS" T"@pZuN" {\"G"Y"O"u $ @uS"uOY"p`-{_P"Zpu {S""pu
B"pY"p p\"O"pu G"W"{X": $ O"P"p _O"S"p\"u\" X"s@s pv @sLoX> "pv Y"_Y"p_O"p"r Y"p ZpuX"p\"{T"p
O"p _"v\" @T"\"p{Q_"_Y"T"p O"_Y"p p\"pz G"R"pZN"pP"B"O"{\""u^": $ @p _Y"pSX"tQu
\"wpv "pY"pQp\"z"X"pe"@u $ ^"puL>"pz"u E" E"S_Y" @S"p@pY"pu: @u {O" {\""T"@p": $
@uOY"e" @su{O" T"pKu> @sz _"X"t` OY"P": $ O"u{O" T"pKu>&R"puW"pB" OY"P": $ G"u{O" T"pKu>
254
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -79
G"R"pZN"pP"O\"pO"o G"_"zV"SR"rOY"P": $ _Y"pQp\"pX"p\"pz OY"X"Z: $ O"P"p @s_"sX""Z_Y"

@pX"_Y" O"uG": T"O"pT" \" `lO"W"sB"{": O"_Y" @sNLz> `puX"pP"B"O":, O"P"p {@X"TY"{S"\"E"{S"Y"z ZO"u:
@pX"T"Y"p rpB"pZz, @pX"uS" _"` @L>pB"w`z, O"P"p {B"qZ"S"Y"S"pS"pz {"\"S"ue"pN"pz {_"u:
T"ZX"pS"SQ_Y" {V"pZz B"O"T"z @pZN"{X"OY"P": $$ 78 $$
Bu
EP Psh UP. (78)
*
{S"_"Bpb"rNp_Y" _O"S"O"J>W"ZuNp X"G"s^"pu

S"X"SX"tO"u: S"pZr{O"@1 pS"@v: e"sJ>O" \" $
{E"Zz O"u X"RY"_Y" e"s{J>O"O"{J>S"rO"rZO"Npp
_"X"p\"_P"p2_P"uX"npu W"\"O"s @spz pvO"S"Y"u $$79$$
{Pn u|uhn U
|zu: |vP 1 \|P: zmu C >
] u z ziu ui}w un
u 2 u| x S\ \u| >>79
1. S"pW"r\"{^"s| 2. _"X"p\"_P" zu.
u : |vP & uvP ! \u| ! P !
{Pn & CPP ux u| uhnU:& AP
u[P _ Px, | u: Sux, \|P:
zmu: C Jixx , ziu ui}w un Jix
\xQ B[P zxh Au u|:&
\{ vhzxh uzz E Eh ChSvUS ]
S\ x. }sh| vhP CUQ | CUPmk.
uu zzmhu z, u~zz, \z u| G
u |[P { .
bX"rR"Zp
{S"_"B"b"rN"_Y" _\"W"p\"uS" b"rN"_Y"p{O"@w"_Y", _O"S"O"J>W"ZuN" _O"S"O"J>Y"pu: @sE"O"J>Y"pu:
W"ZuN", X"G"s^": p{SO"X"O": S"X"SX"tO"u: S"pZr{O"@ ! rZ"W"tO"u ! "S"@v: _O"pu@z , e"sJ
> O"
X"RY"X"o - Ch Sv
255
\" {W"X"pS"_Y"u\", {E"Zz V"`l@pz, O"u O"\", X"RY"_Y" \""_Y", e"s{J>O"O"{J>S"rO"rZO"N"p

e"s{J>O"u W""u O"{J>SY"p: \"p{`SY"p: O"rZu O": \"wb": O"uS", _"X"p\"_P"p_P"uX"n: _"X"pY"pz O"sY"pY"pz
\"_P"pY"pz _P"uX"p _P"vY"| Y"_Y", W"\"O"s W"tY"pO"o $ @s"z b"uX"z e"sJS> "pW"p\":, "vO"S"Y"u T"p\"{O" $
e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù "vO"S"Y"u ! S"pZr{O"@ ! {S"_"B"b"rN"_Y" _O"S"O"J>W"ZuN" X"G"s^":
S"X"SX"tO"u: "S"@v: e"sJ
> O" \" e"s{J>O"O"{J>S"rO"rZO"N"p _"X"p\"_P"p_P"uX"n: O"u X"RY"_Y" {E"Zz
@s"z W"\"O"s $ X"RY"_Y"uOY"u\"X"p{QT"Y"puB"p: _"QY"QY"ppQ@pqZN"pu X"`p@{\"{"b"pWY"p_"_"X"p_"p{QO"p: $ O"p"T"Y"puB"{S"T"sN": X"`p@{\"qZOY"sEY"O"u $ e"puT"X"ppZ:, W""S"Qr@t\"{O"-X"`r`{"A"pX"t{@p_"pXY"z X"RY"_Y"u{O" $$ 79 $$
u &
P ! u vP ! E ChSv (Eh |kSv)
CP P Czux. (]zux) Pzv _ u[QU Pzx.
Bzv E Sv so vh Sx, P
Ehx } UQ \x Q {x. Ax Ch
xk G vQ EshQx. P Eh, \ vhP
CUP skx Ch \ CUP skQ.
(79)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
X"RY"z _O"pv{O" - {S"_"B"u{ O" $ _\"W"p\"b"rN"_Y" _O"S"O"J>W"ZuN" Bp{S"G"s^": S"X"SX"tO"u: S"pW"pv
S"p{W"T"Qu "u \"{^"s "S"@v: X"SQz W"DoB> "sZO"Y"p eY"sJ
> {"\" T"{O"W"pO"rOY"P": $ {E"Zz O"u X"RY"_Y";
O"p"_Y", e"s{J>O"O"{J>S"rO"rZO"N"p; e"s{J>O""p_"pv O"{J>S"rO"rZO""u{O" @X"R"pZY": $
_"X"p\"_P"_P"uX"n:; _"X"p \"_P"p Y"_Y" _": _"X"p\"_P":, O"p": _P"uX"p _P"vY"| Y"_Y" $ ù
"vO"S"Y"u ! {E"Zz @s"z W"\"O"s $ _\"W"p\"O" \" b"rN": _O"S"W"ZuN" BpS": S"pW"rS"X"SX"t{O":
\"{^"s {S"X"npu "O"W"p\"uS" e"sJ
> {"\" O"p"_Y" O"\" X"RY"_Y" e"sJO> "p S"QrO"rZO"N"p _"`
_"X"pS"p\"_P"_P"vY"_Y" @s"z W"\"O"s $ W"{W"p\"uS"p"z_"p $ O"p"pu&{T" X"RY": W"pS"sB"`pY"
"ZrZW"wO": O"\" S" e"sJ{> O" $ `pu p"Y"{X"{O" R\"{S"O": $ P"\"p O"p"pu&{T" X"RY":
X"`pQu\"W"pBY"\""pO"o {O">O"r{O" W"{Z_"puSX"u{^"O"`p_"pu{: $$ 79 $$
Uzu
UP Eu. Cu Uu |UPP
E E Chvx UPzuUPu. Ax Pu
U. (79)
256
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -79
N"pX"pu{QS"r
X"RY"z \"N"Y"{O" - {S"_"B"u{ O" $ ù "vO"S"Y"u ! T"\"O"T"s{e" ! O"uS" E" Qu`QpM>| _"t{E"O"X"o $
{S"_"B"pO"o _\"W"p\"pQu\" b"rN"_Y" @w"_Y" \"u{QqZ\", "pO"T"_Y"uOY"P": $ O" \" _O"S"O"J>_Y"
W"ZuN", W"Zpu&{O""Y"W"pZY"pu: {O" Z"X"pp $ X"z dX"z G"s^"O"r{O", O"_Y" W"pZp_"Ò\"p{Q{O"
W"p\": $ O" \" S"X"SX"tO"u: O" \" S"X"O@pY"_Y" S"X"S"\"O_\"T"_Y" \"p, O" \" S"pW"pv
B"W"rZ{V"T"O"Y"p W"pZ\"`S"p_"pX"PY"@pqZNY"p \"r^"s O"e"OY"O\"_"z@puE"u^"s E"
W"rT"p{_\"OY"P": $ "S"@v: X"SQz, e"sJ
> O" \" FuQ> S"z T"pT"n\s "{Q\" {_P"O"_Y" X"RY"_Y" @pY"pO"o
_O"S"W"pZp{R"Y"uS" S"X"S"pO"o S"pW"pv \"{^"s E" W"DoB> "sZrW"\"{Q\" W"p_"O" OY"P": $
S"pW"r\"{{^\"{O" T"pKu> S"pW"r{_P"O"p_"s \"{{^\"OY"P": $ O" \" e"sJS> "X"_Y" _"zG"pO"z e"s{J>O":
T"\"p`@wO"X"tpuOA"S"S"pQR"p\"S"O": _"S"o \"O"X"pS" OY"P": $ O"{J>SY"p: _\"S"p_O"rZu Y"_O":
\"wb": O"uS" _"X"p\"_P"p _"X"pS"Q"p _P"uX"p _P"vY"| Y"_Y" O"_Y" O"QoQ"pT""_Y"uOY"P": $ O"u
W"\"OY"p:, X"RY"_Y" \""_Y", X"RY"X"p\"_P"pT""_Y" E"uOY"P": $ @s"z b"uX"z e"sJS> "pW"p\"T":, W"\"O"s W"tY"pO"o, b"uX"z T"pT"np{u O\"OY"P": $ e" X"RY"e"sJS> "_Y" _"@G"B"{Y"ùO"sO\"pO"o
_"@G"B"O_"G"S"ùO"sW"tO"Qu\"r\""_Y" e"sJS> "pW"p\"pu G"B"Ob"uX"pW"pY" p"p_Y"O"u $ O"\"
X"RY"_Y" {O"_"tbX"O\"u&{T" {O"_"pZ\"O\"z _"t{E"O"X"o $$ 79 $$
Anv
| . iP u _[Q Ch uQx.
Au x Jix Q {. R }UQ P
AvPu P vh h \x Ck
Ji. Ax |vUP |zu sk. (UP EP
Eu. (79)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
{S"_"B"u{ O" $ ù "vO"S"Y"u O"\" X"RY"_Y"p\""_Y" @s"z W"\"O"s $ @s"z {@{X"{O" T"pPY"O"u
OY"p" @s"@pZN"z {S"T"Y"{O" $ {@zb"N"_Y" {S"_"B"b"rN"_Y" _\"W"p\"@w"_Y", P" E"
_"p`_"{_"ZpG"Y"bX"N": O"e"p{T" _O"S"O"J>W"ZuN" X"G"s^":, _O"S"W"pZuN" X"z X"tFp> X "pT""_Y"u\"
O" \" S"X"SX"tO"u: $ "p{QW"p\": T"Q{"O": _"pv\> "p\"_P"pS"p\"OY"p: $ P" E"
W"pZpu`S"\""uS" {\"S"X"EF>ZrZ_Y" S"pW"pv \"r^"s E" O"sO" \" $ Y"P"p B"B"S"z
A"NL>rW"tO"X"uC"X"NL>p\"EFuQ> Su " e"s{J>O"z A"NL>{X"\"pW"p{O" O"O"o $ P"\"p S"pW"pv \"{^"s E"pSO":
_"pZ{\"`rS"O"Y"p \"XV"S"pW"p\"pO"o e"sJ
> O"u $ T"sS": {@zW"tO"_Y" e"s{J>O"O"{J>S"rO"rZO"N"p
X"RY"X"o - Ch Sv
257
_"X"p\"_P"p_P"uX"n:, T"\"p`_Y" V"\"QpC"pO"\""uS" e"s{J>O"z Y"f"{J>SY"p S"p_O"rZz, O"e" {\"X"pS"pu

Y"_O":, {F>"X"tO\"pQ{E"Z_P"pY"r, O"O_"X"p \"_P"p, Y"_Y"vO"p"pu Y": _P"uX"p,
{_P"O"uW"p\": _P"vY"| Y"_Y" O"_Y" $ {\"S"Y"Q\"_P"_Y"vO"p"r {\"S"p"@pZN"T"ZzT"Zp $ @s"z
W"\"{O\"{O" $ {S"_"B"b"N"_Y"u{O" T"_Y" Z`_Y"pP": $ @pX"{e"T"sZpX"p` - {S"_"B"u{ O" $ b"rN"_Y" X"
z X"tO"u: $ "p \"{^"s "S"@v: z O"{J>S"r _\"p`p $ z rz z _\"p`p $ @pX"{e"T"sZpX"Se": $$
79 $$
BuQ
E Ch |h CUPmk. UP Eu. mPzu
Svu u[P Ji | iP
Szx, E U S i
Ji|. Pkx J JP PkP uh.
Au | EshP sk. Pv v & U U
G Cu P]. (79)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
{S"_"B"b"rN"_Y"u{O" $ ù "vO"S"Y"u {B"qZT"s{e", O"u X"RY"_Y" {E"Zz @s"z W"\"O"s $ {@zW"tO"_Y"
X"RY"_Y" {S"_"B"b"rN"_Y" {S"_"B"uN " _\"W"p\"O": b"rN": , O"_Y" {O"@w"_Y"uOY"P": $ T"sS":
_O"S"O"J>W"ZuN" X"G"s^": _O"S"Y"pu_O"Jz> O"_Y" W"Z: O"uS" X":, O"z G"s^"{O" _" O"_Y" p{SO"X"O":,
O" \" S"pW"pv S"X"SX"tO"u: S"X"SO"r X"t{O"Y"_Y" O"_Y", T"sS"\"{^"s {e"\"{^"s "S"@vX"SQz X"SQz
e"sJ
> O" \" W"DoB> "sZrW"p\"z W"G"O" \" T"sS": e"s{J>O"O"{J>S"rO"rZO"N"p e"s{J>O"pu X"spR"pZX"NL>:
\"z{\"R"pu Y"_O"{J>S"rO"rZu S"Qr@tu O"_O"uS" _"X"p\"_P"p_P"uX"n: _"X"pS"p Y"p \"_P"p O"O_P"uX"p
{_P"{O"Y"_Y" O"_Y" O"P"pu_Y" $ O"QS"s@t O\"u&{T" S"SO"@pu{J>V"pNL>X"NL>pS"pX"\"_P"pS"T"Qu "pW"p\"pO"o G"B"O_"w{>Z{T" W"\"OY"p @O"\Y"v\" S" _Y"pO"o $ _"w
> W"p\"u _"\"u^ "pX"S"SO"@pu{J>_"zAY"pS"pX"pOX"S"pz {zB""ZrZT"qZB"`T"t\"@S"pS"pY"pu{S""ZrZpuT"W"puB"z {\"S"p W"puB"X"pub"p{Q{_"{Z{T" @sL>{E"e"\"Q{\"X"pS"v\" _Y"pO"o $ O"pu^"T"qZ`pZpP"| _"@pu@_"p{\"eY"p
X"RY"_Y" @Y"pN"p"z_"S"X"s{E"O"{X"{O" W"p\": $$ 79 $$
uzw
E ChSvUS }sk | EshPmk. (UP EP
Eu.) E Ch {zvi, Gsn PiUPnUP sh
sh[P {zvUP Chx. Chux Pi ]P
hx {S. hUPhi Auu u
z wzxUP [P\ uu _x
258
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -79
]zv Gxx P Cx. Cu

E EQ u[Sh, EQ u ChSv |h
CUPsk. (79)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" X"RY"z @s"T"pP"S"pEF>Su " \"N"Y"{O" - {S"_"B"u{ O" $ ù "vO"S"Y"u O"u O"\" X"RY"_Y"
@s"z W"\"{O\"{O" @s"T"pP"S"pEF>Su " {O""puW"p \"NY"O"u $ X"RY"_Y" @s"T"pP"S"z
@s"_"zW"p\"S"pY"pz _"OY"pz W"\"uO"o $ O": @s"ùO"tS"o \"QS"o X"RY"z V"`lR"p {\"{"S"{>
{S"_"B"uO Y"p{QS"p $ X"z A"uQz G"s^"O" {O" O"_Y" X"G"s^":, G"s{^" T"r{O"_"u\"S"Y"puqZ{O" R"pO"s:$
S"X"SO"r X"w{O": _\"T"z Y"_Y" O"f"P"p O"_Y" $ e" O"pQp\"sT"s_z @z T"s\z "u{O" _"te"uN" T"b"u
T"s\z "p\"pO"o S"sX"W"p\": $ Y"p O"\" S"pW"pv S"X"SO"r E"p_"pv X"t{O"" O"_Y"p X"RY"_Y" @s"z
W"\"{O\"{O" _"zV"SR":$ {R"@ZN"p"pe" ^">p >\Y"p: $ "S"@vX"SQz X"SQX"o $ \"{^"s {e"\"{^"s
e"sJ
> O" \" $ e"sJ
> O"r{O" O"O"o $ O"_Y" e"s{J>O": {@{"QoW"s": _" E"p_"pv O"{J>S"rO"rZO""u{O"
O"uS" _"X": O"sY" \"_P"p_P"uX"p Y"_Y" O"f"P"p O"_Y" $ {_P"Z_Y" W"p\": _P"uX"p $ S"pW"pv
\"{{^\"OY"e" {\"^"Y"_""XY"pv $$ 79 $$
uzu\vP
EP UPx. (79)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù "vO"S"Y"u T"p\"{O" ! {S"_"B"b"rN"_Y" _\"W"p\"O" \" @{pX""p{S"_O"QlT"qZ
_O"S"O"J>W"ZuN" X"G"s^": p{SO"Y"s_Y" O" \" ùO"pu: S"X"SX"tO"u: W"pZ_"{`^N"sO"p{\"ZùN"
T"rW"tO"\"T"s^": S"pW"pv SO":"tSY"O"Y"p _"sM>p\"XV"S"Qu"Z{Ò"pY"pz \"{^"s E"
SY"puSY"X"_"z_"B"uN " M>pu^"{\"Z{Ò"p_"s O" \" Ql^"p_"s "S"@vX"SQz X"SQz e"sJ
> O" \"
W"DoB> "sZrW"p\"z W"G"O" \" $ S"uS" @X"uN"pOY"SO"X"{_P"ZO"pX"pT""_Y" O"Qp e"s{J>O"O"{J>S"rO"rZO"N"p T"p\"w^"uNY"T"V"G"T"\"p`_"pJ>pTu "X"pu{J>O"{F>"X"tV"SR"S"QrO"J>_"zM>\"wb"uN" _"` _"X"p
\"_P"p Qu`R"pZN"p{OX"@p Q"u\" Q"p Y"_Y" _P"uX"n: {_P"ZO\"_Y" O"_Y" _"X"p\"_P"p_P"uX"n:
X"RY"_Y" O"\" X"RY"W"pB"_Y" _"\"Qp @s"z W"\"O"s $ O"Q@s"O\"u {` S"SO"@pu{J>V""pNL>X"NL>pS"pX"\"_P"pS"T"Qu "pW"p\"pO"o G"B"O_"w{>Z{T" W"B"\"O"p S" @O"\Y"v\" _Y"pO"o$ _"w
> W"p\"u E"
_"\"u^ "pX"S"SO"@pu{J>_"pS"pX"pOX"S"pz {"ZrZT"qZB"`T"t\"@-S"pS"pY"pu{S""ZrZW"puB"z {\"S"p
W"puB"X"pub"p{Q{_"{Z{T" @sL>{E"e"\"O"o {\"X"pS"v\" _Y"pO"o $ O"pu^"T"qZ`pZpY" _"@pu@_"{\"eY"p: T"p\"OY"p: X"RY"_Y" @Y"pN"p"z_"S"X"\"Y"X"s{E"O"X"u\"u{O" W"p\": $$ 79 $$
{e"\"{ - iP
259
isi
EP UP. Av uzu\vP Pzx C[S
Ch Qx. (79)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
{S"_"B"u{ O" $ ù "vO"S"Y"u, O"u O"\" X"RY"_Y" @s"z W"\"O"s $ @"_Y" {S"_"B"uN " _\"W"p\"uS"
b"rN"_Y" @w"_Y" O"e"p{T" _O"S"O"J>W"ZuN" @sE"pW"puB"W"ZuN" X"G"s^": u"Y"s_Y" O"O" \"
S"X"SX"tO"u: W"pZ_"{`^N"sO"p{\"ZùN" T"rW"tO"\"T"s^":, S"pW"pv \"{^"s E" "S"@vX"SQz X"SQz e"sJ
> O"
\" $ e"s{J>O""p_"pv O"{J>S"rO"rZO"" O"uS" _"X"p _"X"pS"p \"_P"p Q"p, O"_Y"p: _P"uX"p
{_P"{O"Y"_Y"uOY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - ù "vO"S"Y"u, "vO"S"Y"pY"p bX"r: _"zT"{f":
Y"_X"p{QOY"P": $ Y"p "vO"S"Y"_Y" bX"r: Y"_Y" _" O"P"p, W"Y"pu: _"X"s"p{Y"O\"pO"o
R"bX"r`Zu : _"sSQZrB"puT"p_Y" \"p \"N"S"p{W"T"pY"uN"$ _O"S"O"J>W"ZuN"uOY"p{Q, _O"S"\"f"Jz>
{\"O"u Y"_Y"p_"pv _O"S"O"J>pu B"pu\"R"S" {O" $ \"p $ "u^"z _"X"pS"X"o $$ 79 $$
Pu
UP EP Eu. qzv Azu
i u P vUS Cx. u uh
Pzuzua _uu P Ji G . . (79)
pS"SQ`Zr
{S"_"B"u{ O" $ ù "uO"S"Y"u O"\" X"RY"_Y" {E"Zz @s"z W"\"O"s $ @"_Y" {S"_"B"uN " _\"W"p\"uS"
b"rN"_Y" _O"S"O"J>Y"puW"ZNu " X"G"s^": u"Y"s_Y" O" \" S"X"SO"r S"X"p X"t{O"Y"_Y" _" O"P"p,
S"pW"pv \"{^"s E" "S"@v: X"SQz e"sJ
> O"pu W"z T"pT"n\s "O" \" $ e"s{J>O"z W""z Y"f"{J>SY"p S"p_O"rZz
O"e" Y"_O": O"uS" _"X"pv \"_P"p_P"uX"pS"pv Q"p_P"vY"u Y"_Y" _" O"P"p O"_Y" $$ 79 $$
Bu
UP EP Eu. (79)
*
@sE"pv _":1 {_\"f"J>C"{J>O"@tT"p_"{W"QlZpv

@^"SO"pv QpuX"tu @S"@@"pW"pv @Y"O"p2 $
O"\" e"pO"sz W"pQ{X"{O"3 \""z O"S"sW"s\"p
{e"R"p S"z Qu{\" {e"\"{ \"r\"{{W"qZ\" $$ 80 $$
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -80
260
S\ z: 1 zz uhPiu Tx
Pu u P|PP\ Pu 2 >
u zx [Pz Av 3 U| u~
zu |zu u z >> 80 >>
1. _":_O"S">C"{J>O",
_"_O"J>C"{J>O" z: u|Piu, zuh Piu 2. @Y"O":
Pu: 3. V"X"\""zAU.
u & u ! u ! z: zzuh Piu Tx
Ax UQ Czv E UP SvU Qa
\, u
Pu, u Ai E]U
Psi, PPP\ S\ & u[PU P\[P
u[P Azu, u~&u, [Pz A Cv & Jixk
G (JiUThu), u U zx - & E CkUP,
:&
UPiP,
|zx
(
)
_UPmhmhx z. iP E.
uuzz mhuz G u |.
bX"rR"Zp
@sE"pv _O"S"pv, _": O"QpS"rX"u\", {_\"f"C"{J>O"@tT"p_"{W"QlZpv {_\"SO"pv _\"uQ\"SO"pv O"J>pv
T"p"pv O"Y"puC"{J>O"_Y" @tT"p_"_Y" {W"QlZpv W"uQ@Zpv $ @X"@O"qZ @sZE"o OY"e" @O"Y"{T" @sZE"o $
Z{b"O"_O"s - @X"{N" @O"qZ E" @sZE"o {O" \Y"pE"u> $ _"_O"S"C"{J>O"@tT"p_"{W"QlZpv {O"
T"pKu> _"_O"S"z O"QpS"rSO"S"z S"tO"S"O\"uS" C"{J>O"z @tT"p_"@z O"_Y" {W"QlZpv $ T"{O"b"N"z T"pN"u"Z_Y"
_"Qp{"\"_Y" T"pS"s_"SR"pS"uS" {O_"p\"Y"\"v{W"O"u _"{SR"V"SR"u^"s @"s{@u{O" W"p\": $
@^"SO"pv {S"@^"SO"pv QpuX"t
u @b"T"pSO"Qupu @S"@@ppW"pv @S"@@pY"pu: ùX"@sXW"Y"puqZ\"
pW"p _"pvW"pBY"z Y"Y"pu_O"pv @Y"O"p ZE"Y"O"p {S"{X"X"pN"uS", O"\" W"\"OY"p:, e"pO"sz Z{b"O"s,z
\""{X"{O" "u^": $ Y"p T"P"X"pSO"_Y" \"""VQ_Y" e" @X"O\"uS"pS\"Y": $ W"pO"o
_O"S"W"ZG"{S"O"pO"o, {X"{O" z"VQpu&e" \"pZN"pP": $ W"pu X"p W"t{QOY"P": $ \""z
X"RY"T"Qu "z, O"S"sW"s\"p X"SX"P"uS", {e"R"p {e"T"@pZuN", S"z V"z, Qu{\" ! Qr\Y"{SO" ! W"B"\"{O" !
{e"\"{ {O"pu \"Y"pu {\"W"p: Y"_Y" O"O"o $ \"r\"{{W"qZ\" \"rS"pz \"Y": O"p{W": $
T"rO"\"r \"r, O"OT"s^T"p{N" "uO"p{S" $ @pZp{Q{S"C"NJ>pv O"s - \"rOY"sO\"p O"O"p
\"S"@saOP"O"uOY"sX"o $ Y"P"p{E" _\"r@pY"X"o$ \""VQ__"XW"p\"S"pY"pz, R"\s "{X"OY"P": $
\""VQ_Y" _"XW"p\"S"ppuO"@O\"X"TY"_O"r{O" T"t\"X"u\"puX"o $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù Qu{\" $
{e"\"{ - iP
261
_": {_\"f"J>C"{J>O"@tT"p_"{W"QlZpv QpuX"t

u @^"SO"pv @S"@@"pW"pv @sE"pv @Y"O"p O"S"sW"s\"p
W"pQ{X"{O" \""z e"pO"sz {e"\"{ O"\" \""z \"r\"{{W": {e"R"p S"{X"\" $ e"
OT"bu "ppZ: {e"\"rS"pz \"r\"rO\"uS" _"zW"p\"S"pO"o$ T"t\"pR"u {O""Y"pu{ZpZ:,
W"B"\"OY"p: @sE"{S"X"pN"u X"SX"P"_Y"v\"p{R"@pZpu S" G"ZQoV"N" {O" G"ZQoV""{S"X"pN"_"zV"SR"u&TY"_"zV"SR"puOY"p W"uQpRY"\"_"pY": @{\"@wO"\"_O"s@w O"Y"pu: _"pvSQY"Y"puZ\u "u{O" $ W"Y"puZpqW"p\"uS" _"Z: $ S"S\"u\"z @sE"pv ZE"Y"O"p X"SX"P"uS"uOY"S"s\"p-{\""u^"N"X"{`X"np X"SX"P"@O"wO \"_Y"
{_"\"QS"s\"pQpO"o @sE"{S"X"pN"u \"O"X"pS"_"zV"SR"pW"p\"pO"o _"XV"SR"u _"zV"SR"puu ZTY"p"_Y"X"u\"u{O"
E"uO"o - X"v\"X"o; @sE"pv @S"@@"pW"pv @Y"O"u{O" "O"wT"OY"Y"uS" \"O"X"pS"pP"uSz " @sE"@ZN"_Y"
\"O"X"pS"@p_"zV"SR"T"O"rO"uZ_"XV"SR"u _"zV"SR"pu{Zp"_"r{O" S" \"pEY"X"o $ W"tO"@p_"zV"SR"u&{T"
W"tO"@p{@Y"p\"pE"@pAY"pO"pSO"R"pO"sT"Y"puB"u Y"sGY"O"u _"zV"SR"u&Y"_"zV"SR"@P"S"z S" O\"S"s\"pB"O"O\"uS" {_"\"QS"s\"pQu $$ 80 $$
u
J ! u[PUP\[P E u[P Eh zx
Gx n|u { u Aizu E] UP
CUPzv Ah[P h Gx UP SvU QUSi J
\Q u. Eh u[P _ Ck JixhUThu
Gx CkU P U PiP _
Cka _ u Pmhmhu? (80)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
\"{e"Y"z \"N"Y"{O" - @sE"p{\"{O" $ @sE"pv _":{_\"f"J>C"{J>O"@tT"p_"{W"QlZpv,
X"`pQu\"{\"^"Y"@pS"sZpB"X"s{QO"_\"uQb"N"_"p{O\"@W"p\"p@{O"O"J>_"z_"@"s@W"uQpuSX"sA"pv,
QpuX"t
u @^"SO"pv C"w^Y"SO"pv, P" E" @S"@@"pW"pv @Y"O"p O"S"sW"s\"p @pX"uS", \""z X"RY"z,
W"pO"o e"pO"s,z {e"\"{\"r\"{{W":, {e"\"Y" \" \"r\": O"p{W":, @sZT"pZu\"Zr qO"
@pSY"@sVG"W"p^"puO"p{W":, QZz {e"R"p S"{X"\" $ S"uS"puT"@pZuN" X"{Y" _"pS"sB"`pu X"`pQu\"pu
W"{\"^Y"O"r{O" R\"{S": $ e" _\"W"p\"puOY"sT"X"ppZpv _T">pv $$ 80 $$
Uzu
u ! Pu { ux. Ahu zx
P . |uPzv JmiUPsh x UP Qux.
Pzv _z u[P Cu u Ck Jixk Gu
u Pu\zv S G U Pi
262
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -80
a _ _ Pmhmhu? u CkU P
x uU Psk ] Am Qmk G u H[Q
{Q. (80)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
T"sS"\"{e"Y"X"u\" \"N"Y"{O" - @sE"p{\"{O" $ ù Qu{\" ! T"@p"T"u ! W"B"\"{O" ! _":
O"QpS"rX"u\", {_\"O"pu: X"`pQu\"{\"^"Y"@pS"sZpB"p{O""Y"pO"o {QO"_\"uQpAY"_"p{O\"@W"p\"\"O"pu:
$ Y"p _"Qz _"Qp{"\"X"Ò"r{O" Y"OT"OY"Y": $ O" \" {_\"O"pu: O"J>Y"puT"qZW"pB"Y"pu: C"{J>O"pu
M>S"pu Y": @tT"p_": E"pu:, E"pu: @tT"p_"@pu&{Y"pX"o OY"X"Z: $ O"_Y" {W"QlZpv
W"uQS""rpv S" e"sJS> "@wO"p{\"OY"P": $ {\"{Q{W"{Q{F>Q:u @sZE"o {O" @sZE"o T"OY"Y": $
S"sZpB"p{O""Y"pQp _"OY"z, S"{S"E"puEFuQ> @p{\"OY"P": $ O" \" QpuX"
t u V"p`lX"t,u
@^"SO"pv {S"@^"SO"pv, O" \" @S"@@"Y"pu: _"s\"N"C"J>Y"pu:, pW"u\"pW"p Y"Y"pu_O"pv, @sE"pv
_O"S"pv, @Y"O"p {\"QR"O"p _"wG"O"uOY"P": $ _O"S"pv @S"@@"pW"pv _"pv\"N"@s XW"T"{O"X"pv @Y"O"p
{\"E"pZY"O"u{O" \"p $ O"S"sW"s\"p X"QS"uS" O"puB"b"uX"{\"R"pS"pY" Quù {S"OY"\"p_O"\Y"uS"u{O" R\"{S": $
O"\" W"\"OY"p \""z X"RY"W"pB":, \"{> W"pB"sqZZpuT"X"\"pTY"puT"_"B"Y"pu: OY"@pZpuT": $
W"pO"o e"sJS> "pO"o, e"pO"sz Z{b"O"sX"z OY"SO"z \"{e"Y"X"u\" _"X"P"{X"{O" {\"E"pY" \"p $ {O"" O"p
\"Y"" {e"\"Y":, {O"_O\"@o_"z@puE"p:, O"p \" \"r\"Y":, \"r T"pNLsZ> {O"X"S"pu`Z:
"uO"T"s^T"r_"X"pAY"pu O"p{\""u^":, O"p{W"S"`S"_"X"P"p{W":, {e"R"p {e"T"@pZuN" S"z V"{X"\"
W"pO"rOY"P": $ W"\"u`\"p_O"\Y"uS" Y"spY"s{\"E"pZE"O"sZNu " T"\"R"X"pS"_"pv\"N"@"{S"@p"@sE"W"pZuN" {O""pO"\""W"pB"X"p@Y"O"p X"QS"uS" O"O_P"vY"_"zT"pQS"pY" {e"\"r{W"Zu\" \"rO"p{W": V"\"OT"@p"O" OY"{W"T"pY": $ e" E"puz _"`S"pX"_"s _O"S"W"pZQSX"RY"T">V"SR"\"{e"Y"p {O" e" _"zV"SR"u _"zV"SR"T"p{O""Y"puOY"S"sT"p{N"O"uY"z S"`S"puOT"bu "p $ O"Y"p
E" \"pO"psT"\"p_"{`^N"sV"pO"_P"vY"pY" O"p{Q{W": O"SX"RY"V"SR"S"X"pE"ZO"pz \"S"T"ppS"pz
\"wf"pSO"_Y" T"O"rO"u:, _"X"p_"pu{\Y"GY"O" OY"pZuN"pz@pZR\"{S": $$
Anv
J i ! uh Psh Puna]
zux. uzv x Pmhmh UP i |Qx Aux.
u Ai E]. u[PUP\ Pzv | Pzx
Psk u A[P E. Pa _ Ch Jixk
Gx AuU PUP UPi Ch _
_UPmi. E au G AuU Pi CPU Pmh
P Hx. E Eh Gx u[QU Pzxh AxP
{e"\"{ - iP
263
Dkmk u Pz v Cu \u iP
EnzxQ. (80)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
@sE"p\"uO"p{\"{O" $ ù Qu{\" O"\" \""z X"RY"z O"S"sW"s\"p @pX"Qu\"uS" {e"\"{\"r\"{{W":
{e"R"p V"{X"\"puOT"bu Y"O"u $ {@z @wO\"p, W"pQuS"z \""z e"pO"sz V"SR"S"X"u\"pz _"X"P"{X"{O"
{\"E"pY"u{ O" "u^": $ {e"\"Y" \" \"r\": X"R"sZ_"sSQZZ_"pu\"p \": O"p{W"{R"p
V"z, {@zb"N"uS" O"S"sW"s\"p, O"p\"uO"pv @sE"pv X"RY"W""@pv @Y"O"p "X"pS"uS", O"pWY"pz
@sE"pWY"pz @w"_Y"p_Y" W"pu W"{\"^Y"O"r{O" "X"pS"uS", @"pv @sE"pv _"_O"J>O"{J>O"@tT"p_"{W"QlZpv, T"ZX"u"Zr"ZrZ_Y"pM>Y"pv\"S"O"Y"p T"{O"b"N"z @sE"Y"pu\"R"X"pS"O"Y"p, _":
O"O@pz, O"J>O"{J>O"z \"pX"pS"{X"\" O"J>O"J>p"VQz @s\"pN" O"p"z Y"O@tT"p_"z @"s@z O"{QlZpv
O"OT"pJ>{Y"O\"p V"{`B"O"E"tE"s@p{\"OY"P": $ O"J>O"Ju{> O" T"pJ>S""VQpS"s@ZN"X"o $ {E"O_":
{_\"f"J>C"{J>O"@tT"p_"{W"QsZp{\"{O" T"pK>: $ O"Qp Y"pv\"S"puQu \"OY"p: T"ZX"u"Y"p: Y"O@"s@z ,
O"{QlZpv O"uQS"puSX"sA"pv $ O"uS" O"rbN"O\"X"o $ T"sS": {@zb"N"pv QpuX"t
z @^"SO"pv \"R"X"pS"O"Y"p
V"p`lX"tX"sOT"rL>Y"SO"pv $ S"uS" T"pMv O> \"X"o $ T"sS": {@zW"tO"pv @S"@@"pW"pv S"uS" @p{K>SY"z
@p{SO"X"f\"z E" $ @sE"pv _": {_\"{Q{O" T"_Y" Z`_Y"pP": $ @pX"@SQT"puT "p{_"O"pX"p` - X"tu
@pX"ZpG"X"t_Y" X"t,u O"S"sW"s\"p @pX"V"rG"z T""Q"r z `z_": $ pE"pY"pN"pz X"O"u Y"X"sT"p{_"O"p
@pX"uS" \"p $$ 80 $$
BuQ
UP EP E. _ Eh PnzvSU
Pn TkQx. Au uzu h A CQz
xsizx uhuh GU QxhUTk. Ck JiUTk. C
xP u PUSU Pn. u Eh
UPi \u i ui ChU Pmi.
P z U g\u\ : G v Cu .
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
@sE"p{\"{O" $ ù Qu{\", O"S"sW"s\"p O"S"pu: "ZrZpO"o W"\"{O" O"uS" X"SX"P"uS" O"\" \""z X"RY"W"pB"z
W"pQOY"P"| e"pO"sz {e"\"{\"r\"{{W": {e"\"{T"p Y"p \"r \"_"SO"O"p O"_Y"p \":
O"SO"\": O"p{W"_O"P"pup{W":, {O" ùO"pu: {e"R"p S"{X"\" {e"T"@pZz V"{X"\" $
W"pZpu`S"ppu W"\"{O", O"e"p` $ {@z{\"R"uS" O"S"sW"s\"p @sE"pv _O"S"pv _": O"QpS"rX"u\" @Y"O"p
T"Y"O"p $ {@z{\"R"pv @sE"pv, {_\"f"J>C"{J>O"@tT"p_"{W"QlZpv {_\"SO"pv Y"pv\"S"X"Qpu^X"N"p _\"uQG"z
264
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -80
X"s"SO"pv Y"pv O"J>pv O"Y"puC"{J>O"z {\"{S"\"u{"O"z Y"O@tT"p_"z @"s@pAY"z O"_Y" {W"QlZpv W"uQ"rpv $ T"sS":
{@z{\"R"pv QpuX"t
u V"p`lX"tu @^"SO"pv Y"pv\"S"\"uB"uS" \Y"pT"n\s "SO"pv, T"sS": @S"@@"pW"pv, @S"@_Y"
_"s\"N"_Y" Y"pv @"pv @sXW"pv O"QpW"p Y"Y"pu_O"pv O"P"pupv $ O"uS" A"s \"z {\"E"pqZO"z,
W"B"\"OY"p: _O"S"pv _\"W"p\"O": @{K>S"pv Y"pv\"S"pMBp>XW"rZpv O"QlT"qZ _"s\"N"@"\"QoB"sO"Zpv $
O"Y"puW"pZNu " X"RY"_Y" Y"{Q W"pu W"\"{O", O"{` _"\"X"u\" X"X" wpZ_"\"_\"z T"`pqZO"z _Y"pO"o,
O"QlOT""O\"pQu\" _"\"@p{X"S"rwpZ_"zT"f"u: $ O": O"SX"RY"_"zZb"N"z \"Y"z @O"\Y"{X"{O"
{e"ZuA"p{W"Zu\" \""z V"{X"{O" W"p\": $$ 80 $$
uzw
UP EP Eu. uUSU P ux. P
CPU Pix. zv uUPzu Q. u[PU P\
UP. _ u[P Ck Jiu AQ
UQ uPxk. sP JUS Cx. CuU
Pu G Ph GUPsk Pi Ck CPU Pmi. (80)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" T"t\"pR"uS" @sE"@"\"N"S"T"t\"@z X"RY"\"N"S"X"p` - @sE"p{\"{O" $ Qu{\", O"\" @sE"pv
@S"@@"pW"pv @Y"O": B"wrO":$ @{"VQpu B"wpO"rOY"P"u&{T" E" $ _": T"qZR"pS"_"X"Y"
\", {_\"" O"f"Jz> E" {_\"f"J>X"o, O"e" C"{J>O" \" @tT"p_": E"pu: O"{QlZpv O"uQS""rpv
QpuX"t
z @^"SO"pv W"pZp{O""Y"uS" {`z_"SO"pv $ \"z @sE"pv {S"\"NY" X"RY"X"sOT"bu "X"pN" p`puf"ZpR"uS " $ ù
Qu{\" {O" T"t\"puT"@pZuN" @sE"@"Y"uS" Y"pu W"_O"_X"pO"o, e"pO"sz Z{b"O"sz O"S"sW"s\"p @pX"uS" O"\"
\""z X"RY"z {e"\"{\"r\"{{W": {e"R"p S"{X"\" $ X"{O""Y"uS", pu@u \"r{O" B"pX"RY"u
T"{_"p O"p $ \""VQpu&e" {W""@X": $ \""z O"s {Y"p X"RY"u {e"^"s _Y"p"X"pe"@ {O"
X"u{QS"r@Z: $$ 80 $$
uzu \vP
UP Eu. (UP mkUPu Qux.)
G Pi P[P Sv AvP Esk. (80)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù Qu{\" ! O"_Y" X"`pQu\"_Y" T">X"{`{^", _"_O"Ob"N"pQu\" {_\"O"pu: Y"pv\"S"X"Qpu^X"N"p
_\"uQG"z X"s"O"pu: O"J>Y"pu: @sE"O"J>Y"pu: C"{J>O"_Y" {S"\"u{"O"_Y" @tT"p_"_Y" E"rS"pz"s@@"s@_Y"
{W"QlZpv, QpuX"t
u V"p`lX"t,u @^"SO"pv Y"pv\"S"pZXW"\"uB"uS" \Y"pT"n\s "SO"pv O"\" @sE"pv T"Y"puR"ZW"pZpv,
{e"\"{ - iP
265
@S"@@"pW"pv B"sO"Z_"s\"N"@s XW"T"{O"X"pv @Y"O"p, O"S"sW"s\"p @pX"uS" $ O"S"sW"t_O"S"Y"u @pX"u

{O" {\"": $ O"uS" A"\"u\"z {\"E"pqZO"z, W"B"\"OY"p: _O"S"pv A"s _\"W"p\"O": @{K>S"pv
Y"pv\"S"pZXW"B"XW"rZpv, O"QlT"qZ _"s\"N"@"\"O"o B"sO"Zpv $ O"Y"puW"pZNu " X"RY"_Y" W"pu Y"{Q
W"{\"O"p, _"\"X"u\" X"X" wpZ_"\"_\"X"T"O"z _Y"pO"o $ O"QlOT""O\"pQu\" _"X"_O"pu@@p{X"S"rwpZ_"zT"f"u:$ O"SX"RY"_"zZb"N"z \"Y"z @O"\Y"z X"X" $ O"O@sE"W"pZT"rL>S"pO"o \""z X"RY"W"pB"z
e"pO"sz Z{b"O"sz Qz {e"\"rX"Y"Z"sV"SR"S"X"u\"pz _"X"P"| {O" {\"E"pY" $ ù Qu{\", O"uS"v\" @pX"Qu\":
{e"\"{\"r\"{{W": {O"_"w{W"X"RY"ZuA"p{W"Zu\" \"r\"{{W": $ \"r S"pX" p\"NY"T"pNLsZ> \"N": @puX": T"bu "N"rY"@p{SO": O"p{\""u^": T"{_" \" $ O"p{W": {e"\"r\"{{W":
O""z V"{X"\" $ O"P"p E" pS"pQpv V"p\"wb"pN"pz T"P"X"T"P"X"{\"J>T"puQu _"X"Y"u
\"pO"psT"\"_"{`^N"sW"p\"pY" pS"T"p@v: Z"sV"SR"S"z {@Y"O"u $ O"P"p V"p\"wb"@puX"{\"J>{T"S"pz M>p\"_P"pS"z T"qZ V"SR"S"pvSX"sAY"z E" T"{_"z, O"O_"pR"XY"X"e"p{T" OY"{W"T"pY": $$
80 $$
isi
UP Tmhu. umhzu xP ] \i
Sx UP u v |vUP ]h
CnzxU Pmk. u A \u. (80)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
@sE"p{\"{O" $ ù Qu{\", _"_O"Ob"N"pQu\" {_\"O"pu: Y"pv\"S"pu^X"N"p {"\"{\"^"Y"@pS"sZpB"uN"
\"p _\"uQz X"s"O"pu_O"J>Y"pu: @sE"O"J>Y"puC"{J>O"_Y" {S"\"u{"O"_Y" @tT"p_"_Y" E"rS"pz"s@@"s@_Y" {W"QlZpv
W"uQS""rpv QpuX"t
u V"p`lX"tY"z @^"SO"pv \Y"pT"n\s "SO"pv O"\" @sE"pv @S"@@"pW"pv _\"N"@zs W"T"{O"X"pv
@Y"O"p G"pS"O"p O"S"sW"s\"p @SQT"uN" \""z QZz W"pOe"pO"sz Z{b"O"sz, {e"\"{\"r\"{{W":
{O"_"w{W"X"RY"ZuA"p{W"Zu\" \"r_"zc"@p{W": \"{{W": O"p{W"V"{X"\"uOY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u @pSO"pY"p: @sE"pv @S"@@"pW"pv SX"f"V"rG"T"qZT"tN"@sXW"Y"_"X"pv X"QùO"s@O"Y"p, G"pS"O"p,
O"S"sW"s\"p O"S"s: "ZrZz W"tZpdY": Y"_Y" O"uS" G"r\"uS", O"\"puQZz {e"R"p d\"N"X"S"S"{S"{QRY"p_"S"T"
T"@pZe"Y"pN"pz {e"\"{\"r\"{{W"Z\"V"z... RY"pS"{X"OY"P": $ {@X"P"|, W"pQo W"X"pO"o
\""z O"e"v\" _"zV"X"pOX"pS"z e"pO"sX"o $ QZz @"X"o ? Qu\"pu V"p {_X""_O"r{O" Qu{\" $
"SO"S"T"sz_"@{X"Qz T"QX"o $ P"\"p O"S"sW"s\"p _\""ZrZpuOT""V"N"p \""u _"zY"sz, Qu{\"
_"@Qu\"pdY"{X"OY"P": $$ 80 $$
266
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -81
Pu
UP uu. q zv Pu Q
[PvUP ]n {vz G Pia _P
vzvS xPzu. (80)
pS"SQ`Zr
@sE"p{\"{O" $ ù Qu{\" _"_O"Ob"N"pO"o {_\"O_"s _\"uQpzV"sY"su ^"s O"Ju^> "s T"pSO"W"pB"u^"s C"{J>O"z
{X"{O"z Y"O@tT"p_"z _"tbX"\"z O"_Y" {W"QlZpv W"uQS""rpv, O"P"p QpuX"t
u V"p`lX"tu @^"SO"pv
@S"@@"pW"pv _\"N"@s XW"O"sY"pv @sE"pv @Y"O"p G"pS"O"p X"S"puW"s\"p @pX"uS" V"z b"rN"z
O"\"p\""z X"RY"W"pB"z W"pO"o W""S"pOe"pO"sz Z{b"O"sz {e"\"{T"p{W": \"rS"pz \"r{W":
O"p{\""u^"v: {e"R"p S"z V"{X"\"uOY"sOT"bu "p $ \""z X"RY""Y"puqZ{O" {\""T"@p": $
W"pQ{X"{O" T"pKu> z OY"P"{X"{O" ùO"pv $ \""z X"RY"{X"OY"P": $ \""z X"RY""Y"puqZ{O"
{\"": $ {_\"{QOY"e" {A"O"o {O" T"pKu> A"uQY"s OY"P": $ S"sb"N"z \"R"X"pS"O"Y"p \"uN"
_O"S"O"J>Y"pu: A"uQG"S"S"pO"o $$ 80 $$
Bu
EP E UP. (80)
*
B"sO\"z {\"_O"pZz {b"{O"R"ZT"{O": T"p\"{O" {S"G"pO"o

{S"O"XV"pQp{EF> O\"{Y"1 `ZN"T"uN" {S"QR"u $
O"_O"u {\"_O"rN"pu B"sZY"X""u^"pz \"_"sX"O"rz
{S"O"XV"T"pBW"pZ: _P"B"Y"{O" C"sO\"z S"Y"{O" E" $$ 81 $$
Sz u vu v: v {z
{uz Ba]z z 1 nn {uu >
Auu wn S\ w
{uU: uPv Sz |v \ >> 81
1, W"ZNpT"uNp n n
u & v & P ! vuv:& \ ,
Sz u Pzu , {z {uz Ba]z u
{S"O"XV": - Ck R Sv
267
CkSvx EhzuP, z & Eh, nn vna

^\ G E {uu & Pkzx zu. (Jhzu), Au: Cu
A u {uU:& Cu E Ck _, S: PU
PPshuP wn:& PshuP, A\ w
u, uPv & kQx. Sz |v\ & uh P
Sx\uP E {US Cmka \Qx.
bX"rR"Zp
B"sO\"z B"pvZ\"z, {\"_O"pZz pY"pX"T"qZN"p`z, {b"{O"R"ZT"{O": {`X"\"pS"o, T"p\"{O" !
"vO"S"Y"u! {S"G"pO"o _\"@Y"pO"o, {S"O"XV"pO"o {S"O"XV"T"Qu "pO"o, p{EF> \"Y"sOY", O\"{Y"
W"\"OY"pz, `ZN"T"uN" `ZN"pOX"S"p, {S"QR"u _"X"{T"O"\"pS"o $ `ZN"z S"pX" rR"S"z RY"Y"RY"p\"p`{S"@X"o $ Y"P"puz `pZrO"uS" - RY"Y"RY"p\"p`{S"@z `ZN"z rR"S"z _X"wO"{X"{O" $
_Y"pP":- {"X"{R"@wOY" Qf"X"RY"{", {\"\"p`_"X"Y"u {"_"X"rT"u {T"e"p{Q{W"Y"f"z
O"QRY"{", {\"\"p`pS"SO"Zz \"R"tz B"w`rO\"p _\"B"w`z T"{O" {G"B"{X"^"p\"_"Zu {T"e"p{Q{W"Y"f"z
O"QRY"p\"p`{S"@{X"{O" $ O"QlW"Y"z `ZN""VQ\"pEY"{X"{O" X"S\"p{Q{W"__X"wO"{X"{O" $ O":
O"_X"pO@pZN"pO"o, O"u O"\", {\"_O"rN": pY"pX"O":, B"s: T"wP"s:, Y"z T"qZY"X"pS":, "u^"pz
@wOpz, \"_"sX"O"rz T"wP\"rz {S"O"XV"T"pBW"pZ: {S"O"XV"_Y" T"pBW"pZ: {O"pY": _P"BpY"{O"
F>pQY"{O" $ C"sO\"z pC"\"z S"Y"{O" T"pT"Y"{O" $ E"@pZ: p>pEF>Qu u $ {_X""P"u S"
"qO"\Y"{X"OY"P": $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù T"p\"{O" ! {b"{O"R"ZT"{O": B"sO\"z {\"_O"pZz
{S"G"pO"o {S"O"XV"pQp{EF> O\"{Y" `ZN"T"uN" {S"QR"u $ O": O"u Y"z {S"O"XV"T"pBW"pZ: B"s:
{\"_O"rN"__"S"o "u^"pz \"_"sX"O"rz _P"B"Y"{O" C"sO\"z S"Y"{O" E" $ {\"_O"pZuN" _P"B"S"z B"sO\"uS"
pC"\"pT"pQS"{X"OY"P": $ T"T""u \"_"sX"OY"pX"u\" B"sO\"{\"_O"pZpv @e" {_P"O"pv $ O"Y"pu{_O"Z_@ZN"X"u@e"{_P"O"pWY"pz B"sO\"{\"_O"pZpWY"pX"u\" {\"R"uY"{X"{O" {`X"p{B"O"B"sO\"-{\"_O"pZpv
{`X"pu: W"tR"ZO\"pO"o W"t{X"B"O"B"sO\"{\"_O"pZpWY"pX"{R"@p{\"{O" W"p\"uS" B"w`rO\"p O"{f"Z_@ZN"{X"{O" {b"{O"R"ZT"{O": "u^"pz \"_"sX"O"r{X"{O" E" T"Qz T"Y"s"pS"_Y" W"p\": $ e"p{O""Y"pu{ZpZ:,
{`X"p{B"O"B"sO\"{\"_O"pZY"pu:
T"p\"O"r{S"O"XV"B"O"B"sO\"{\"_O"pZY"puX"uQ &u TY"W"uQSu "pRY"\"_"pS"pO"o $ _"uY"z W"uQu W"uQ{S"V"SR"S"pQ{O""Y"pu{ZpZ: $$ 81 $$
u
v ! P ! E uu E vn iux
]h UPP \P vnh AU
AQ Pu Azu v () uzu EUS Azu.
268
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -81
( Aui). u Ck RSvu Pzu

( uSvu Pzu ) zukzx
Eh vuP (ûP) Jhzu. Au zu Pzu
Ck Sv & (mh) ^yUQUP \uP ]uPa
\xmhx. EQ AvP zxU Pzx Cx.
CUP \ E Ch (mhSv) zx Pzx Ex. (81)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
{S"O"XV"z \"N"Y"{O" - B"sO\"{X"{O" $ ù T"p\"{O", {b"{O"R"ZT"{O": {`X"\"pS"o, B"sO\"z {\"_O"pZz
E" {S"G"pO"o {S"O"XV"pQp{EF> `ZN"T"uN" {S"QR"u $ Ql{è"u QuY"pu QpY"pu `ZN"z, Qp{Y"G"{X"{O"
pv{@@W"p^"p $ O"_O"u {S"O"XV"T"pBW"pZ: B"s{\"_O"rN": "u^"pz \"_"sX"O"rz _P"B"Y"{O"
pEF>pQY"{O"$ {\"_O"pZuN" B"sO\"uS" E" \"_"sX"O"r"puW"pz {O"Z_@ZpuO"rOY"P": $ C"sO\"z E" S"Y"{O"
E" $ O"\" {S"O"XV"{V"XV""puW"Y"p _"@W"t{V"XV"pu&{O"C"sG"pO": OY"P": $ W"ZN"T"uN"u{O"
{E"OT"pK>: $ W"ZN"X"pY"sR"p{QQpS"X"o $ Y"X"P":- _"@Qu\"O"p"ZrZ_"X"s{OP"O"O"uG"puZp{"T""ZrZpuT"p{R"z X"{`^"p_"sZ\"R"pY"p\"XV"X"pS"pY"pz O\"{Y" W"ZN"T"uN", ptz ptp{{S"^@w^Y"
QQpv O"_Y"v {T"S"p@R"w@o OY"p{Q Qu\"O"pS"pX"pY"sR"p{QW"ZNp_"X"Y"u {`X"\"pS\"p`S"z {_"z`z Z"p{S"
{\"{\"R"p{S" E" QO\"p, _\"{S"O"XV"pO"o B"sO\"z {\"_O"pZz E" {S"^@w^Y" W"ZN"T"uN" {S"QR"u
{S"b"uT"r@wO"\"pS"o $ Qu\"p Y"P"p _\"_\"pY"sR"p{QW"ZN"z @wO"\"SO":, O"P"p {`X"\"pS"{T"
{S"O"XV"W"ZB"sO\"{\"_O"pZW"ZN"z @wO"\"p{S"OY"P": $ O"_O"u {S"O"XV"T"pBW"pZ: p@w{O"{\""u^":
"u^"pz \"_"sX"O"rz _P"B"Y"{O", pu@e"Y"z \Y"pTY" {_P"O"pY"p pEF>pp\"S"X"O"rOY"P": $ O"Qlz
X"p@NLuY> "u - _" QQ" O"O"pu Qu\"rz \Y"pTY" pu@e"Y"z {O\"^"p $ T"pQp@pSOY"p S"O"W"s\"z
{@ZrJ>p{u {A"O"pzV"ZpX"o $ b"pu{W"O"p"u^"T"pO"ppz R"S"sGY"p{S":_\"S"uS" O"pX"o $ {Q"pu W"sG"_"ùN"
_"X"SO"ppTY" _"z{_P"O"pX"o $$ {O" $ C"sO\"z S"Y"{O" E", {O"C"sG"pO"p T"pQp@pSO"p\"S"O"p
W"tqZ{O" W"p\": $$ 81 $$
Uzu
u UP. (n u Gx u) C[S
nP uu. US BzuS x US
Buu n G. U P uuP \UvP
Cnx ui . Ax J u u u [SUS J
Bu uu. P J ][Pzu z[P
Azu G . B\P u zu nPz
uu G Au kzxQ. Psh n T.
P u A {Q uU Psh. A
{S"O"XV": - Ck R Sv
269
ux P vzx z ua \Q. Qhzu Pk

kQ. |n uzuU PhukUQ. B PP
EP {Q. G. Cxu \USx SUSx. viP
mhx Sx \. (81)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
{S"O"XV"z \"N"Y"{O" - B"sO\"{X"{O" $ T"\"O"_Y"pT"OY"z r T"p\"O"r $ O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{: ù
T"p\"{O", T"\"O"ZpG"T"s{e", X"`pZpG"_"sO"O"Y"p `ZN"pS"Y"S"Y"puBY"O\"z \Y"zBY"X"o $ {b"{O"R"ZT"{O":
T"\"O"pR"r"Zpu {`X"\"pS"o _"X"_O"ZpG"SY"p{R"T"{O": T"p{P"\"" $ {S"G"pQpOX"rY"pO"o,
{S"G"X"pOX"rY"{S"OY"Y"pu: {O" {\"": $ {S"O"XV"pO@J>@pO"o, ZpG"R"pSY"p"u{O" R\"{S": $
B"sZpuW"p\"pu B"sO\"z, X"`f\"z _"z{>O\"z E", {\"_O"pZz \"vT"sY"z E" $ {\"_O"pZpu {\"B"`pu \Y"p_":
OY"X"Z: $ p{EF>, T"seY"pz T"Xu "p{O""Y"pO"o W"uX"{T" {W"O\"p, O\"{Y" `ZN"T"uN"
{\"\"p`@pu QuY"T"uN"$ {\"\"p`pQpv QuY"z @SY"pY"v `ZN"X"sEY"O"u $ Y"P"p`l:- Y"pvO"@p{Q^"s Y"uY"z
_\"QpY"pu `ZN"z E" O"O"o {O" $ @p{Qp_"pu&TY"p` - _"O\"pS"sT"z `ZN"r@wO"dr: {O" $ {S"QR"u
{S"{Ò"\"pS"o {@X"o ? \"pN"uS" E" G"pu {S"O"XV"_O"uG"_"p W"s\": {O" X"p@NLuY> "puu :
W"tO"uG"pu{S"{X"O"u W"\"QrY"{S"O"XV"u _\"pW"p{\"@B"pvZ\"p{QX"{O" {`X"\"pS"o {\"\"p`\"upY"pX"OY"sO@J>p\"pOX"rY"B"sO\"{\"_O"pZpv _\"{S"O"XV"pQp{EF> {S"{Ò"\"pS"o {@{X"OY"P": $
W"ZN"T"uN"u{O" T"pKu> W"ZN"X"pY"sR"p{QQpS"z O"mT"uN" _"X"_O"Qu\"O"uG"puT"pY"p: W"\"OY"p: "tz
"tp{{S"^@w^Y" OY"p{QS"p Qu\"v: _"X"_O"pY"sR"T"QpS"\"upY"pz, {`X"\"pS"o \"p`S"z {_"z`z Z"p{S"
{\"{\"R"p{S" E" OY"su :, {_"z`\"p`S"{X"\" {`X"\"pS"o O"sWY"z _\"rY"{S"O"XV"\"{O"B"sO\"{\"_O"pZp\"TY"p{EF>pQQpO"o {@{X"OY"P":$ pu@u Y"P"p @{"O"o {T"Y"T"se": _"p\"W"pvX":
T"se"p{QWY"pu \"pO_"Y"pO"o {\"O"pY"X"{T" \"_O"s {\"O"Z{O" O"{QOY"P": $ O": @pZN"pQu\"
{\"_O"rN"pu {\"_O"pZB"sN"Y"s: B"s: B"sO\"B"sN"Y"s:, O"u W"\"OY"p: {S"O"XV"T"pBW"pZpu
{S"O"XV"p{O""Y":, T"pBW"pZ"p{O"W"pZ" W"\"uQ{O""Y"pP"@: {O" {\"": $ "u^"pz _"X"_O"pz
\"_"sX"O"rz W"s\"z, \"_\"p{QB"sN"T"qZT"tN"O"Y"p B"sO\"p{QB"sN"p@pSO"pX"T"rOY"{W"_"{SR": $
_P"B"Y"OY"pEF>pQY"{O", p\"wN"puO"rOY"P": $ C"sO\"z {S":_"pZO"pz S"Y"{O" T"pT"Y"{O" E" $ {`X"pu:
W"tR"ZT"{O"O\"pO"o, O"{"O"XV"_Y" B"sO\"p{Q B"sN"p\"Y"zW"p\"pO"o, O"OT"Qf"B"sO\"p{QB"sN"uS"
W"\"{"O"XV"uS" E" \"_"sX"O"r_P"B"S"z pC"\"S"Y"S"z E" Y"sX"u\"uOY"P": $ e" pB"X"T"{_"\"_"sX"O"r\Y"p"W"B"\"O"r{S"O"XV"\"vT"sY"pQu: {`X"p{T"Qf"`ZN"O\"pRY"\"_"pY"pO"o {O""Y"pu{_"`@wO"uY"X"sOT"bu "p $ O"Y"p E" Qu\Y"p: _"\"O": T"qZT"tN"O"p T"O"rY"O"u $$ 81 $$
270
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -81
Anv
uzvPPz u u ChRSv
A\x G Psh n T. EQ Ph AUP
uPU PkUP iuu PUS uP A.
EP uu UP. (81)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
B"sO\"{X"{O"- ù S"C"u T"p\"{O" O"\" {S"O"XV"T"pBW"pZ: "u^"pz \"_"sX"O"rz _P"B"Y"{O" C"sO\"z
E" S"Y"{O" $ {S"O"XV"T"pBW"pZ: {\"\"{b"O"B"sN"pL>XV"ZY"spu {S"O"XV":, "u^"pz
T"wP\"rX"pEF>pQY"{O", C"sO\"z E" T"pT"Y"{O", Y"z T"w{P"\"r _Y"pB"u S" {@{"{Q{O"
X"{O"X"sOT"pQY"{O" $ {@zb"N"pu {S"O"XV":, O": @pZN"p{_O"rN"pu B"s", {\"_O"rN"pu
{\""pO\"B"sN"\"pS"o B"sO\"\"pz" $ O":, @sO":, Y"O"pu ùO"pu: {b"{O"R"ZpN"pz T"{O"{`X"p{:
{\"_O"pZB"sN"z B"sO\"z E" _\"_Y" {S"O"XV"pQp{EF> p@w^Y" {S"^@p_Y", O\"{Y" {S"QR"u $
B"sN"Y"X"{T" _\"rY"z O\"{Y" SY"_O"X"o $ SY"p_"u @pZN"X"p`- `ZN"T"uN" {\"\"p`_"X"Y"u \"R"t\"ZpWY"pz
@SY"p{T"O"wWY"pz QrY"X"pS"z \"_O"s `ZN"{X"OY"sEY"O"u $ O"mT"uN" QpY"O\"uS"uOY"P":$ Y"pvO"@p{Q O"s Y"uY"z
_" QpY"pu `ZN"z E" O"O"o OY"X"Z: $ O": @pZN"pO"o ù T"p\"{O", O"\" {S"O"XV": {\""pO\"uS"
T"w{P"\"rz _P"B"Y"{O" $ T"wP\"rO"pu&{T" {\""p:, T"wP\"r Y"_Y"pB"u C"spu > \"pW"p{O" $ O"\"
{S"O"XV"pB"u W"t{X"Z_"pZu\" $ X"p@NLuY> "u&{T" {S"O"XV"_O"uG"_"p W"s\": {O" W"t{\"_O"pZ_O"\" {S"O"XV"
\" {_P"O" OY"sX"o $ {E"O"o O\"{Y" W"ZN"T"uN" $ W"ZN"X"pY"sR"X"o $ O"P"p E"
X"{`^"p_"sZp{Q\"R"pP"u _"p\"vQ \u "v: _\"pY"sR"u O"sWY"z _"X"TY"X"pN"u {`X"\"pS"o \"p`S"z {_"z`z Z"p{S"
{\"{\"R"p{S" E"u{O" {`X"\"O"p {T"e"p {\"{\"R"Z"X"RY"u {\""pO\"z B"sO\"z E" _\"{S"O"XV"pQpQpY"
Qf"X"o$ _\"{S"O"XV"u&{T" \"O"O"u, O"P"p{T" {S"OY"{_" \" \"O"O" OY"QoW"sO"X"p_"ppuO_"z@p_"S"uS"
_"pR"s\"pQpu{: $$
BuQ
EP u UP. (81)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
B"sO\"{X"{O" $ ù T"p\"{O", O": @pZN"pf"u {S"O"XV"T"pBW"pZ: G"C"S"W"pZ:, "u^"pz _"X"B"pz
\"_"sX"O"rz W"t{X"z _P"B"Y"OY"p\"wN"pu{O" $ E" OY"T"Zz, C"sO\"z pC"\"pR"pZz S"Y"OY"pT"pQY"{O" $
{@z{\"R":, {\"_O"rN"pu {\""p: T"sS"B"s : B"pvZ\"B"sN""pr, O"uS"u"B"pvZ\"\"v"pY""pr O"\"
G"C"S"W"pZ: T"{_" \"u{O" _"t{E"O"X"o $ O": @sO":, Y"O"o {b"{O"R"ZT"{O": {`X"\"pS"o {\"\"p`_"X"Y"u
{S"O"XV": - Ck R Sv
271
{S"G"pO_\"@Y"pO"o {S"O"XV"pO"o @{J>T"Qu "pO"o B"sO\"z {S"{V"L>p\"Y"\"O\"z {\"_O"pZz

{\""pW"p\"X"p{EF> T"wP"@o O\"{Y" W"\"OY"pz `ZN"T"uN" Y"pvO"@T"uN" {S"QR"u {S"{Ò"\"pS"o $
@SY"pS"pz T"qZN"Y"u {T"e"p W"pO"w{X"V"SR"sG"S"v\"p Y"OrR"S"T"z QuY"z O"ZN"{X"OY"pE"pY"p \"Q{SO" $
S" @u\"z O"\" {S"O"XV": {T"e"p `ZN"r@wO"B"sN"O"Y"p T"{_": $ {T" O"s _"\"Q\u "O"uG":_"zW"\"pz O\"pz
@P"Y"O"p X"p@NLuY> "X"s{S"S"p \"pN"uS" E" G"pu {S"O"XV"_O"uG"_"p W"s\" {O"
W"t{X"Qu\Y"p_O"uG"_"p _"zT"p{QO"z O"\" G"C"S"{X"{O" T"{O"T"p{QO"X"o $ O"uS"p{T" T"@pZuN" O\"{"O"XV"uS"
W"t{X"Zpf"_"pZp @wO"u{O" {S"{"O"X"o $$ 81 $$
uzw
EP u UP. (81)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" {S"O"XV"z \"N"Y"{O" - B"sO\"{X"{O" $ B"sO\"z B"pvZ\"z {\"_O"pZz {\""pO"pz,
{S"G"p{"O"XV"pO"o _\"@Y"pf"J>pQp{EF> B"w`rO\"p G"C"S"T"uN" {S"QR"u _P"p{T"O"\"pS"o $ T"p@o
E"p_"pv W"pZ" T"pBW"pZ:$ {S"O"XV": T"pBW"pZ \" {S"O"XV"T"pBW"pZ: $ _P"B"Y"{O" pEF>pQY"{O"$
_T">X"SY"O"o $ O"uS"pOY"s{\"E"S"uS" {O"B"sO\"{\""pO"u {S"O"XV"_Y" _"t{E"O"u $
G"C"S"{S"O"XV""VQpv E" T"Y"pY"pv$ G"C"S"z _Y"p{OY"; dpu{N"T"sZpuW"pB"u @J>p\"{T" {S"O"XV"z
_@SR"ZpuR"_"pu: $ {Y"p" T""ppB"u&u: @J>@u @{J>X"pe"@u {O" X"u{QS"r@Z:$ Y"p
G"C"S""VQuS" @{J>T"sZpuW"pB" \" B"wO"u$ O"P"p E" _"{O" {S"O"XV"_Y" @Ju:> T"pBW"pB": T"sZpuW"pB" {O"
\Y"pAY"uY"X"o $ S" E" G"C"S"_Y" B"sO\"\"N"S"z S" {E"Q{T" >{X"{O" \"pEY"X"o $ @p\Y"u^"s
V"`lO"ZX"sT"VR"uqZ{O" $$ 81 $$
uzu\vP
EP u UP. (61)
{L>[NL>>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù T"p\"{O" T"\"O"ZpG"T"s{e" ! {b"{O"R"ZT"{O": {`X"\"pS"o T"\"O"p{R"T"{O": @O"p {\"\"p`_"X"Y"u
{S"G"pO"o {S"O"XV"pO"o @J>@T"Qu "pO"o p{EF> V"{`:@wOY" $ {@z O"O"o ? B"sO\"z {S"{V"L>p\"Y"\"O\"z
{\"_O"pZz {\""pW"p\"O\"z {S"O"XV"pO"o T"wP"wOY" O\"{Y" W"\"OY"p `ZN"T"uN" Y"pvO"@T"uN"$
{\"\"p`p{Q^"s Y"uY"z _" QpY"pu `ZN"z E" O"O"o OY"X"Z: $ @SY"pS"pz T"qZN"Y"u {T"e"p \"p W"pO"w{W""
V"SR"s{W": rR"S"T"z Y"uY"z O"{"B"Q{SO" `ZN"{X"OY"pE"pY"p: {O" W">: $ O"P"p E" ZC"s\"z"u
272
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -82
@p{Qp_" SQlX"O"r{\"\"p`T"_"u - _"f\"pS"sT"z `ZN"r@wO"dr: {O" $ O\"{Y" `ZN"T"uN"

{S"QR"pv Y"pvO"@p@pZuN" {S"\"u{"O"\"pS"o T"pY"uN"u{O" OT"bu Y"O"u $ O" \" @pZN"p{"O"XV"T"pB"oW"pZ:
G"C"S"W"pZ: T"pB"oW"pZ"v\" W"pZ" O"P"pP"pSO": _"X"pP"@: {O" {\""T"@p": $ {\"_O"rN":
{\""pB"sN"Y"s: B"s: B"pvZ\"B"sN""pr _"S"o "u^"pX"{T" \"_"sX"O"rz _"\"pX"{T" W"t{X"X"pEF>pQY"{O"
p\"wN"pu{O", C"sO\"z S"Y"qO" E" pC"\"pR"pZO"pX"pT"pQY"{O", Y"X"r"B"pvZ\""pr O"\"
G"C"S"W"pZ: T"{_" \"u{O" Y"p\"O"o $ S" @u\"z O"\" {S"O"XV"z {T"e"p `ZN"r@wO"B"sN"O"Y"p T"{_"X"o,
{T" O"s Qu\"rX"p`pOXY"u _"\"Q\u "O"uG":_"zW"\"pz O\"pz @P"Y"O"p W"B"\"O"p X"p@NLuY> "X"`pX"s{S"S"p
\"pN"uS" E" G"pu {S"O"XV"_O"uG"_"p W"s\": $ {O" W"t{X"Qu\Y"p_O"uG"_"p _"zT"p{QO"z O"\"
G"C"S"{X"{O" T"{O"T"p{QO"X"o $ O"uS"p{T" T"@pZuN" O\"{"O"XV"uS"pf"_"pZp W"t{X": @wO"u{O" W"Y"P"p
O\"{"O"XV"pQo W"tX"upC"\"z {\""pO"p`p{S"" _"zT"" {O" Y"X"{T" pu{O"O"X"o $$ 81 $$
isi
EP u UP. (81)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
B"sO\"{X"{O" $ ù T"p\"{O", {b"{O"R"ZT"{O"{`X"pY":, {S"G"pO_\"@Y"pO"o, {S"O"XV"pO"o
@J>@T"Qu"pO"o, B"sO\"z {\"_O"pZz E"p{EF> T"wP"wOY" O\"{Y" W"\"OY"pz `ZN"T"uN" {\"\"p`_"X"Y"u
QpY"@T"uN" {S"QR"u {S"\"u{"O"\"pS"o $ {\"\"p`p{Q^"s Y"uY"z _" QpY"pu `ZN"z E" O"O"o OY"X"Z: $ O"pu
ùO"pu_O"u {S"O"XV"T"pBW"pZ: G"C"S"W"pZ: $ T"pBW"pZ"v\" W"pZ" O"P"pP"pSO": _"X"pP"@: {O"
{\""@pu"pO"o $ {\"_O"rN"B"sN"B"pvZ\""r, "u^"pz _"\"| \"_"sX"O"rz T"wP\"rz, _P"B"Y"OY"pEF>pQY"{O",
C"sO\"z pC"\"pR"pZO"pz E" S"Y"{O" T"pT"Y"O"rOY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u-B"sO\"z @"X"o ? T"\"O"_Y"uQz
T"p\"{O" $ {D>T"OY"Y"pSO"z S"T"z_s "@T"QX"uO"O"o $ O\"{Y" B"sO\"z {S"QR"u $ ù `ZN"T"uN", `ZN"z X"S"pu`pqZ
T"z Y"_Y"p: _"p `ZN"T"p bX"r:, O"_Y"p S": "Z: $ J>O"\"B"rY"N"@pZS"@pZY"pu: u^"pu
W"uQ: $ `ZN"T" ! S" ! {O" _"XV"puR"S"Y"z \"p $ O"u O"\" \"pX"S"X"t{O": $ "u^"z _"X"pS"X"o $$ 81 $$
Pu
EP u UP. qzv u. (81)
pS"SQ`Zr
B"sO\"{X"{O" $ ù T"p\"{O", {b"{O"R"ZpN"pz T"\"O"pS"pz T"{O"{`X"pY":, {S"G"p{"O"XV"pO"o
@J>@pQp{EF> B"w`rO\"p B"sO\"z B"pvZ\"z, {\"_O"pZz {\"_O"rN"O"pz O\"{Y" `ZN"T"uN" _"sQpY"T"uN"
G"pS"sS"r E" - uh, [P
273
{S"QR"u Qf"\"pS"o $ {\"\"p`p{Q^"s Y"uY"z _"sQpY"pu `ZN"z E" O"{QOY"X"Z: $ O"pu ùO"pu_O"u O"\" {\"_O"rN"pu
B"s" {S"O"XV"_Y" G"C"S"_Y" T"pBW"pZpu W"pZ: "u^"pz \"_"sX"O"rz _"\"p| T"wP\"rz _P"B"Y"{O" _"z\"wN"pu{O"
_\"T"z @ZpuO"rOY"P": $ T"pBW"pZ"v\" W"pZ" O"P"pP"pSO": _"X"pP"@ {O" {\""T"@pu": $$ 81 $$
Bu
EP u UP. (81)
@ZrSpN"pz "sNL>pS"o1 @S"@@Qr@pNL>T"J>rz

W"pWY"pX"tWY"pX"sW"Y"X"{T"2 {S"{G"OY" W"\"O"r3 $
_"s\"wf"pWY"pz T"OY"s: T"N"{O"@{K>S"pWY"pz {B"qZ_"sO"u
4
{\"{R"c"u G"pS"sWY"pz 5{\"V"sR"@qZ@sXW"Y"X"{_"6 $$ 82 $$
Pzn _sh 1 P|PPu Pshh
E F E 2 {z w 3 >
zu z: nvPi| Qu
4
1.psNL>pz
vb ~
uPSz 6 >> (82)
psNL>p:,_sh, _sh:, 2. W"Y"X"{_"

{\"{G"BY"u U, 5. {\"{\"R" u, 6.Y"X"{T" z
E, 3.W"\"{O"v, 4.
u & Qu ! & P ! vb & Au !, v!

& vUS !, (w & vUS }.), Pzn _sh &
P xvUPP, P|PPu Pshh & u[P{zv
|kSvP, E A & Csh E F & C
xhP, {z & , zu & vsk
Esk, z: nv Pi| & Pn (AiUPi)
n[Su CQU Pi, ~ & [PP
uPSz A& uP Iuzv C
zuPkP, {z A & .
P\buU uzu. oU SP
~z u, G u |[P { Q.
274
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -82
bX"rR"Zp
G"pS"sS"r E" _"@wQu\" \"N"Y"{O" - @ZrSpN"pz B"G"uSpN"pz, "sNL>pS"o @ZQNL>pS"o,
"sNL>p"VQ_Y" T"s{O"p&TY"{_O" {O" Z{b"O"X"O"X"o $ @S"@@Qr@pNL>T"J>rz _"s\"N"ZXW"p_O"XW"_"z`{O"z, W"pWY"pX"tWY"pz W"Y"z @qZ@ZZXW"p_O"XW"pOX"@z {T" {S"{G"OY"
{\"{G"OY", W"\"{O" ! O\"z _"s\"wf"pWY"pz "puW"S"pWY"pz \"O"s
pWY"pz, T"OY"s: T"ZX"u"Z_Y",
T"N"{O"@{K>S"pWY"pz T"N"{O"{W": @{K>S"pWY"pz T"N"{O"Q"pY"pz G"pS\"pu: W"t{X"_T""p{QOY"P": $
{B"qZ_"sO"u! {`X"p{O"S"Y"u, {\"{R"c"u ! {\"{R"z \"uQpP"| G"pS"pO"r{O" {\"{R"c"p _"\"c"uOY"P": $ Y"p
\"uQpP"pS"sp> e"r $ O" \" T"OY"sS"X"_@pZ: T"{O"{QS"z \"vR" {O" @wO": S" O"s
O"_Y"p{R"Y"pS"sZpuR"p{Q{O" S"X"\"E"S"X"o $ O"_Y"p:_"XV"s{: $ G"pS"sWY"pz {\"V"sR"@qZ@sXW"Y"z
{QBQ{SO"@sXW"_P"{O"Y"z, {_" W"\"{_" $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p- ù {\"{R"c"u ! {B"qZ_"sO"u !
W"\"{O" ! @ZrSpN"pz "sNL>pS"o @S"@@Qr@pNL>T"J>rz W"pWY"pX"tWY"pz W"Y"X"{T" {S"{G"OY"
_"s\"wf"pWY"pz T"OY"s: T"N"{O"@{K>S"pWY"pz G"pS"sWY"pz {\"V"sR"@qZ@sXW"Y"X"{T" {S"{G"OY" {_" \"O"_"u
_UsZ_"r{O" Y"p\"O"o $ e" W"\"EFVQY"puB"u&{T" _"r{O" X"RY"X"T"s^" \" W"\"{O", O"_Y"
_"XV"puR"S"X"pe"T"ZO\"pO"o $ e"uQz O"f\"X"o - W"\"EF>VQpu {{\"R": _"zV"puRY"T"Z: _"zV"puR"S"X"pe"T"Z"u{O" $ _"zV"puRY"T"ZO\"u W"\"EF>VQ_Y" Y"s^X"QP"O\"pW"p\"pO"o Y"s^X"sT"T"Qu OY"p{QS"p
T"pY"W"p\"pO"o "u^"u T"P"X" \" O"puB"u $ Y"P"p - _"tO"u G"B"{SO" W"\"O"r W"\"O"r {V"W"{O" G"pB"{O"
O"Ob"Y"@wO"u W"\"O"r W"\"p{S" (E"E"p_O"\"u) OY"p{Q $ Y"Qp _"zV"puR"S"X"pe"T"ZO\"z W"\"EF>VQ_Y"
O"Qp Y"s^X"QP"O\"pO"o X"RY"X"T"s^": _Y"pQu\" $ Y"P"p W"\"{O" {W"b"pz Qu{` {O" O"e"
_"zV"puR"S"X"pe"T"ZO\"u&{T" Dr^T"OY"Y": B"pvZpQpv W"\"O"u: T"p{O"T"{Q@_Y" T"pK>pO"o {_": $ O" \"
Z{b"O" p` - W"\"O"s T"p{O"T"{Q@_"pX"PY"pO"o r{ \" W"\"EF>VQ_Y" _"zV"puR"S"X"pe"T"ZO\"X"o {O" $ Y"X"p"Y":- W"\"EF>VQ_Y" _"\"S"pX"_"s W"\"O"s {O"
T"p{O"T"{Q@B"`N"pO"o {B"O"" {O" D>rT"o {_" \"u{O" e" B"pvZpQpv T"{K>O"_Y" W"\"EF>VQ_Y"
\"vY"PY"pO"o rO\" \" _"zV"puR"S"X"pe"T"ZO\"{X"{O" c"pT"Y"O"r{O" $ S"S\"u\"z Z{b"O"uS"v\"
Y"s^X"Q_X"Qpu: rT"s"T"s_z "@u^"s O"sY"{O\"z, _"zV"puR"S"X"pe"T"ZO\"pO"o Y"s^X"Q_X"Qpu:,
@{V"`lO\"T"ZO\"z O"s _"zV"puRY"b"N"Y"p $ S" E" {b"N"p, p@pzb"pW"p\"pO"o OY"sX"o $
O"O"o W"\"EF>VQ_Y"pTY"{O\"z T"pT"npOu "r{O" $ X"v\"z, Qf"puf"ZO\"p{QOY"X"{O"{\"_O"ZuN" $ Y"f"s
O\"pX"{_X" \"{EX" {\"Ql^"pz {O" pu@\Y"pAY"pS"p\"_"Zu @p\Y"T"@p{"@pJ>r@p@pZuN"
W"p_@ZuN"puz O"QX"t{X"{O" S"puT"SY"_Y" Qm{^"O"X"o$ e"puT"X"ppZ: _T"> \" $$ 82 $$
275
u
xhP [PP. P u ! } Au.
\uzv vUS. Ex C xhP ]uP
xvUPP zv |kUPmh , Esk vsh
AP [PP v\ CzuP[P . }
AiUPi Pn ] (g\[P |P i) n[Su
[PPsk hQmh. } u Enuu
(vb) Pnz vu uh n[SQ. z
u[Su vUP[P zuP P PiUS. (82)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
G"pS"sS"r Y"sB"T"Qu\" \"N"Y"{O" - @ZrSpN"p{X"{O" $ ù {B"qZ_"sO"u ! @ZrSpN"pz "sNL>pz
@S"@@Qr@pNL>T"J>rz E" W"pWY"pz WY"pX"sW"Y"X"{T" @ZrS"sNL>pz @S"@@Qr@pNL>_"X"t`z
E" {S"{G"OY", T"OY"s: X"`pQu\"_Y", T"N"{O"@{K>S"pW\"pz T"{O"{QS"z {"\"T"pQpE"pS"SO"Zz
@wO"T"N"pX"@{K>S"pWY"pz, W"\"{O" {\"V"sR"@qZ@sXW"Y"X"{T" {G"BY"u$ "sNL>p{X"OY"u@\"E"S"z @ùY"p
{G"O"p: _"\"p {O" puO"S"pP"X"o $ @"sNLuS> " _"\"p: "sNL>p: {G"O"p: {O" W"p\": $ G"pOY"u@\"E"S"z
\"p $$ 82 $$
Uzu
UP EP Eu. (82)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
G"pS"sS"r E" Y"sB"T"Qu\" \"N"Y"{O" - @ZrSpN"p{X"{O" $ ù {B"qZ_"sO"u $ T"\"O"ZpG"T"s{e" !
{`X"\"{SRY"X"Y"p B"G"pS"pz T"W"\"p X"O"p: {O" \"E"S"pO"o {B"qZT"W"tO"@qZ"sNL>p{\"G"Y"pP"puT "Y"puB"rQz _"zV"puR"S"X"o $ W"\"O"r, O\"X"o; W"pWY"pX"{T"; WY"pz _"{P"WY"pz, _"{P"
V"u T"sX"pS"t: OY"X"Z: $ @ZrSpN"pz B"G"dup> S"pz "sNL>pS"o `_O"pS"o T"X"pS"O"Y"p T"{_"pS"o,
O"P"p @S"@@Qr-@pNL>pS"pz _"pv\"N"ZXW"pO"T"@pNL>pS"pz T"X"pS"O"Y"p T"{_"pS"pz T"J>rz
_"X"t`z E"u{O", W"Y"z Y"X"{T", @Qv\" {S"{G"OY" {\"{G"OY", O"_X"pQ{T" {O"_"pvSQY"p{Q{O"
W"p\": $ O" \"p` @p{Qp_":- S"pB"uS`_O"p_O\"qE" @@pO\"pQu@pSO"pvOY"pO@Qr{\"pu^"p:$ VR\"p{T" pu@u T"qZNpp{`T"z G"pO"p_O"Qm\"pu T"X"pS"V"pp: $$ {O" $ O"P"p
T"OY"s: W"O"s: {"\"_Y", T"N"{O"@{K>S"pWY"pz T"N"OY"p _"p>pz QNL>\"O"o T"O"S"T"uN" T"N"pX"uS",
T"tG"pS"SO"ZG"uS"u{O" W"p\": $ @{K>S"pWY"pz W"t_T""pQ{O"X"wQ
l O"Zz @X"K>T> "w{> X"\" _"X"\"p_"T"p^NY"pWY"pz _"s\"wf"pWY"pz ppuW"S"u E" O"u \"wf"u \"O"s
u E" _"s\"wf"u O"pWY"pz X"{NpX"Y"X"s@Z-
276
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -82
_"{"W"pWY"p{X"OY"P":$ G"pS"sWY"pz G"zC"puR\"W"pBp_P"{T"NL>@pWY"pz {\"V"sR"@qZ@sXW"Y"X"{T"

{\"V"sR"@qZNp: uZp\"O"_Y", {\"O@qZN""u{O" R\"{S": $ @sXW"Y"z X"_O"@Y"X"{T"; {\"{G"BY"u
{G"O"\"O"r $ @ZrS"sNL>_"pv\"N"@Qr_O"XW"vZp\"O"@sXW"QXW"QX"S"r O\"QrY"puG"pS"sZX"N"rY"O"p_"zT"{f"qZ{O" W"p\": $ z E" _"`S"pX"_"s $ @pX"u"c"pO"_"pvW"pBY"X"pQ\"puY"p{S\"O"p $
X"p{N"Y"X"s@s Zp@pZG"pS"sY"{\"Zp{G"O"p $ {O" $ {\"T"ZpWY"pz G"u: OY"pOX"S"uT"Qz, {{J>
T"X"uO"O"o$ "u^"u T"P"X": {O" T"P"X"T"s^": $ e" \Y"{O"Zu@ppZuN" O"Y"puZOY"pvO@J>R\"{S":
$$ 82 $$
Anv
, v, G P Ezv Ch G. }
P. Au xvUP E xh Qx. xhUS
EP xUP zv |kSv EuPU
PP T. PuP u xhh xUP
ux. Gx Svu zui xhUS Dhv.
u PuPu xha ]uuUSQx G. Cu
u |uz TQx. Pa mk A
AS Psh C xhP E. oUP u
EUPsh C [P ]P Psh (39&40 |[P) G. (82).
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
@ZrSpN"p{X"{O" $ ù {B"qZ_"sO"u, .. .. .. X"tWY"pX"sW"Y"X"{T" {S"{G"OY" {_P"O"p _"O"r
SY"Q{T" Y"z {\"{G"BY"u O\" ... ... ... W"Y"G"Y"_"SO"pu^"pu S"p_O"r{O" _"\"u qZT"\"pu G"uO"\Y"p {O"$
_"SO"s> ... ... G"u{O" \"E"S"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ W"Y"z {@z ? @ZrSpN"pz "sNL>pS"o, "sNL>p S" \"p
O"Qp G"pO"p: @S" ... ... @Qr{O" $ Y"z {@z ? {\"V"sR"@qZ@sXW"Y"puY "z @sXW"Y"X"o
@uS"u@w O"pS\"p {G"O"z O"e"p ... ... ... (X"RY"u e"s{J>O"X"o) $$ 82 $$
BuQ
a] Azxu Sv QhUP. UP
EP Eu. (82)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
@ZrSpWY"p{X"{O" $ {B"qZ_"sO"u W"\"O"r W"pWY"pz WY"pz @ZrSpN"pz B"G"uSpN"pz "sNL>p:
`_O"pS"o @S"@@Qr@pNL>T"J>rz @S"@_Y" _"s\"N"_Y" @QY"pu ZXW"p:, O"p_"pz @pNL>p{S"
_O"XW"p:, O"u^"pz T"J>r _"X"t`:, O"pz E" O"QlW"Y"X"{T" {S"{G"OY" {_" _UsZ_"rOY"P": $ O"P"p ù
277
{\"{R"c"u {\"{R"z {\"R"uY"pP"| G"pS"p{O" _"p O"_Y"p: _"zV"puR"S"z, ù _"\"c"u W"\"O"r O\"X"sW"pWY"pz
_"s\"wf"pWY"pz G"pS"sWY"pz {\"V"sR"@qZ@sXW"Y"X"{T" {S"{G"OY" {_" _UsZ{_" $ {@z{\"R"pWY"pz
G"pS"sWY"pz, T"OY"sX"ù "_Y" T"N"{O"@{K>S"pWY"p T"N"OY"p S"X"_@pZuN" @{K>S"u O"pWY"pz, T""pT"N"pX"\"upY"pz SY"puSY"z _"z{>O"Y"p @{K>S"pWY"pX"o $$ 82 $$
uzw
UP EP Eu.
T"QpP"E"{S@p
R"sS"puY"z G"pS"sY"z \"N"Y"{O" - @ZrSpN"p{X"OY"u@u S" pu@u S" $ ù {B"qZ_"sO"u W"\"O"r
W"pWY"pz W"Y"z {S"{G"OY" G"pS"sWY"pz {\"{\"R"@qZ@sXW"Y"X"{T" {\"{G"BY" OY"S\"Y": $ {\"{">pu
{\"R": T"@pZpu Y"_Y" O"Qo{{\"R"z O"" O"O@qZ@sXW"Y"z E"u{O" O"P"p $ {@z
O"QlW"Y"{X"OY"T"ub"pY"pX"p` - @ZrSpN"pz "sNL>p `_O"pS"o, @S"@@QrS"pz @pNL>p{S"
_O"zW"p_O"u^"pz T"J>r _"X"t`: $ @pv E" O"pv @sXW"p{\"OY"T"ub"pY"pX"p` - WY"p{X"{O" $ _"s>s "puW"S"z
Y"P"p _Y"pf"P"p \"wf"u \"O"s
u {O" _"s\"wf"u O"pWY"pz, T"OY"sX"`pQu\"_Y" T"N"OY"p T"N"pX"uS"
@{K>S"pWY"pX"r^"O@K>pZu pWY"p{X"{O" G"pS"s{\""u^"N"X"o $$ 82 $$
uzu \vP
UP EP Eu. (82)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù {B"qZ_"sO"u R"Z{N"R"ZO"S"Y"u ! @ZrSpN"pz B"G"dup> S"pz "sNL>pS"o @X"W"tO"pS"o `_O"pS"o, {@"
@S"@@Qr@pNL>T"J>r" _"s\"N"ZXW"p_O"XW"_"X"t`" W"pWY"pX"tWY"pz _"{P"QNL>pWY"pz _"{P"
V"u T"sX"pS"t: OY"X"Z: $ W"Y"X"{T" @qZ`_O"@Qr@pNL>Y"X"{T" {S"{G"OY" _"s\"wf"pWY"pX"o
"puW"S"\"O"sp@pZY"spWY"pz T"OY"s: X"`pQu\"_Y" T"N"{O"_"X"Y"u @{K>S"pWY"pz @{K>S"W"t{X"_"XT"@pO"o
_""pO"@p{K> S Y"B"s N "pWY"pz T" N "pX"@{K> S "pWY"pz G"pS"s W Y"pz G"pS"s X "RY"_"{T"NL> @ pWY"pz
{\"V"sR"@qZ@sXW"Y"X"{T" uZp\"O"X"_O"@Y"sB"X"{T" W"\"O"r @e"r {\"{G"BY"u {G"O"\"O"r, {\"T"ZpWY"pz
G"u: {O" {\"T"t\"_Y" G"Y"O"uZpOX"S"uT"Qu {{J> T"X"o - {\"{G"BY"u {O" $ @\"Y": A"s f"X"rN"pz
G"pS"s{T"NL>@pv _"sC"{J>O"O"Y"p \"O"s
p@pZuN" T""pT"NppX"\"upY"pX"SY"puSY"_"z_T"wO> "Y"p @qZ@sXW"_"X"pv
\"N" Y "{SO" $ B"s N "O": @p{SO"O" p@pZO"pu \"p _"X"s { "O"v \ "p \Y"_O"v \ "p @p\Y"u ^ "s
@p{X"SY"\"Y"\"pS"pX"sT"X"pS"uS" _"` T"X"uY"W"p\": T"{_": $$ 82 $$
278
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -83
isi
u g\[P |P n[Sx [PP Csk

Jmi {Su zuP C skPPz uQ.
(BsP ush EhU Qhzv Gmh[P[P i n[S.
sP Pzu ki n[P Ck yUQz
u [PP u[P h n[Sx g\[P|P.)
UP EP Eu. (82)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
@ZrSpN"p{X"{O" $ ù {B"qZ_"sO"u, W"pWY"pX"tWY"pz @ZrSpN"pX"vZp\"O"pQrS"pz,
"sNL>p: `_O"pS"o, O"P"p @S"@@Qr _\"N"ZXW"p, O"_Y"p: @pNL>T"J>rz _O"XW"_"X"t`,z
OY"sW"Y"X"{T" {S"{G"OY" _"s\"wf"pWY"pz "puW"S"T"@pZuN" \"O"s
pWY"pz, T"OY"sX"ù "_Y" T"N"{O"{W":
@{K>S"pWY"pz G"pS"sWY"pz {\"V"sR"@qZ@sXW"Y"X"{T" uZp\"O"X"_O"@Y"sB"X"{T" W"\"O"r {\"{G"BY"u
{G"O"\"O"rOY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u-{B"qZ_"sO"pY"p : @pX"pu \"p{IF>O"z, bX"r: _"zT"{f"\"p Y"_X"pO"o,
ù {B"qZ_"sO"u ! W"\"{O" O\"{Y" \"O"X"pS"p bX"r: "puW"p, W"Y"X"{T" z {S"{G"OY"
{\"V"sR"@qZ@sXW"Y"X"{T" {\"{G"BY" OY"P": $ {\"V"sR"@qZN": T"OY"sqZS_Y" T"N"OY"p{T"
@{K>S"pWY"pz {\"V"sR"@qZ@sXW"Y"G"Y"OY"pB"Z{Ò"pWY"p{X"OY"P": $ "u^"z _"X"pS"X"o $$ 82 $$
Pu
EP UP. q zv P \
. Ax AP zuP mhx. Iuzv v
Cv n[Su Iu mhu. (82)
pS"SQ`Zr
@ZrSpN"p{X"{O" $ {B"qZ_"sO"u, W"\"O"r W"pWY"pX"tWY"pz @ZrSpN"pz uZp\"O"pQrS"pz
"sNL>p: `_O"pS"o, @S"@@QrS"pz _\"N"ZXW"pN"pz @pNL>T"J>rz _O"XV"_"X"t`z OY"sW"Y"X"{T"
{S"{G"OY" {S":"u^"uN" {G"O\"p, G"pS"sWY"pX"tG"Y"pu: _"{SR"WY"pz, {\"V"sR"@qZN" uZp\"O"_Y"
@sXW"Y"X"{T" {\"{G"BY"u {G"O"\"O"r $ @"pWY"pz _"s\"wf"pWY"pz "puW"S"T"@pZuN" \"O"s
pWY"pz T"OY"s:
{"\"_Y" T"N"OY"p T"N"pX"uS" W"t{X"{S"T"pO"uS" @{K>S"pWY"pz @K>pZu pWY"pX"o $ @u^"s{E"OT"s_O"@u^"s {\"{G"BY"
OY"e" {\"{R"c"u {O", W"Y"X"T"rOY"e"puW"Y"X"_"r{O" T"pK>: $ O"e"pY"X"P":- ù {\"{R"c"u "pc"u
T"N"{O": T"N"pX": @pY": OY"p{Q"ppP"{\"R"pS"{\"c"u \"pQu W"\"{O" $ e"pTY"uO"SX"O"u
_\"T"pK>: $ WY"pz T"t\"pu
X"sW"Y"z {S"{G"OY" G"pS"sWY"pz {\"V"sR"@qZ@sXW"Y"X"{T" {S"{G"OY"
O\"X"_"r{O" $ @u{E"p{b"N"pOY"J>r@p@pZp X"X"u\" T"@w O"T"pKz> X"SY"SO"u $ @pNLz> S"pu O"_@SR"u
G"u - PqUP
279
V"pN"u&\"_"ZS"rZY"pu: $ @s{O_"O"u Z`{_" _O"XV"u @pNL>\"B"X"sQpO"{X"{O", O"P"p "sNL>p{T"

G"`{_O"SY"pz X"{QZp@qZ`_O"Y"puqZ{O" E" {\""T"@p": $$ 82 $$
Bu
EP E UP. (82)
*
1
T"ZpG"uO"sz z {B"sN""ZB"W"pv {B"qZ_"sO"u

{S"^"pv G"u O"u {\"^"X"{\"{"A"pu V"pM>X"@wO" $
Y"QB"u2 Y"SO"u Q""ZUp:3 T"pQY"sB"rS"A"pB"EF>pS": _"sZX"@sJ>"pN"v@4{S"{"O"p: $$ 83 $$
1
x z zSn \P Qu
{[P [P u ]P hUu >
uU zau 2 u\\: 3 uP&

|PUa\z|: Sh \nP 4 {]u: >>
T"sZp G"uO"sz x, 2. bY"SO"u u, 3. {pO"pZ Up: ]u\:,

4. ppNppvC"\nP
1.
u:& Qu & P, ]P:& Jh GsP (5)

AP Psh u, z x, zz uPiUP zSn
\P {[P & E Ch[S (10) AP Psh Az
yoPP, AUu \u. h Cx Es. z AU Au Sv
uP|PUa\z|:& C viP |Pzv ~P G
Pshx Sh\n HP {]u: uP Qh[P E] \n
wmhhx u\ & \:& zxAP C TP
zau & PnkQ.
CzPuyn[QP G u | Ex.
bX"rR"Zp
T"ZpG"uO"sz {O"Z_@O"s,| z `Zz, {B"sN""ZB"W"pv {B"sN"r@wO"p: "Zp: T""V"pN"p: B"W"u
Y"Y"pu_O"pv$ {B"qZ_"sO"u ! T"p\"{O" ! {S"^"pv O"tN"rZpv, G"u G"p@pNL>p,v O"u O"\", {\"^"X"{\"{"A":
280
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -83
T""V"pN":, V"pMz> R"\s "z, @wO" @wO"\"pS"o $ Y"QB"u {S"^"Y"puZB"u Y"Y"pu: Y"SO"u $ Q""ZUp:
Q"pS"pz "ZpN"pz {B"s{N"O"pS"pz T""pS"p{X"OY"P":, O"u^"pz Up: Y"puX"sA"p{S",
T"pQY"sB"rS"A"pB"EF>pS": T"pQY"pu: T"T"QY"pu: Y"sB"r {O"Y"z O"_Y"p S"A"pB"pN"pz Q"pS"pz F>
\Y"pG"pu Y"u^"pz O"u, _"sZX"@sJ>"pN"v@{S"{"O"p: _"sZpN"pz SpQrS"pz X"@sJu^> \"u\" "pN"u^"s @{S"{"O"p:
X"sAY"O"Y"p f"u{G"O"p: $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù {B"qZ_"sO"u ! {\"^"X"{\"{"A": z T"ZpG"uO"sz
{B"sN""ZB"W"pv {S"^"pv O"u G"u @wO" V"pM>X"o $ Y"QB"u T"pQY"sB"rS"A"pB"EF>pS": _"sZX"@sJ>"pN"v@{S"{"O"p: Q""ZUp Y"SO"u $ e" OT"bu "ppZ:, G"Y"pu: O"tN"rZO"Y"p _"XW"p\"S"pO"o $ T"\"ppZ", S"A"pB"pN"pz UO\"uS"pT"\"pO"o $ S"Y"pu__"z_"w{>:, T"wP"[_P"OY"p
T"Y"puGY"T"Y"puG"@W"p\"p\"B"O"u: $ {\"^"X"{\"{"A"pu V"pM>X"@wO"uOY"e" {O""Y"pu{ZpZ:,
_"pR"pZN"V""_"w{>\Y"{O"qZO\"uS" T"O"rO"u: $ O"" T"t\"X"u\" _T">r@wO"z @sE"pv _"{__\"O"o
{O" pu@\Y"pAY"pS"p\"_"Zu $ pZuN" pZR\"{S"Z{T", {B"sN""ZB"W"pv Q""ZUp {O"
T"QY"uS" T"pQpDoB> "srS"pz "ZpN"pz E" W"uQpRY"\"_"pY"T"O"rO"uqZOY"X"o $$ 83 $$
u
P ! uUS Jh Gsq n[P (Ix).
Au A ]P. A z z u Gx
kzxQ n[P Iu Ch[PUQ Azyoz ui
E C [PP RSv AzyoUQ. Au AP
TUP P E viP ~ |P[P. Az
u n[P u uP \n Qh[P Ezxz
wmiUTUPuUQ. Cxu Es. (83)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
G"u \"N"Y"{O" T"sZp G"uO"s{X"{O" $ ù {B"qZ_"sO"u ! z T"sZp G"uO"sz G"u {S"^"pv {B"sN""ZB"W"pv
SO"B"tM Q> ""ZB"W"pv V"pMz> {\"^"X"{\"{"A": @pX": @wO" $ Y"O"o Y"O": B"u {S"^"rW"tO"G"Y"puZB"u Q""ZUp: B"W"pB"p: "Y"p{S" bY"SO"u $ S"A"pB"EF>pS": S"A"pB"EF>p:
_"sZX"s@s J>"pN"pvC"{S"{"O"p: E"ZN"pS"O"_"sZX"s@s J>pSY"u\" "pN"p: O"v{S"{"O"p: _"zX"p{G"O"p: $ T"t\"|
T"""Z:, R"sS"p O"\" G"u {S"^"pv Q"pZB"W"pv @wO\"p z G"u^Y"pX"r{O" Q""Z: _"{"{O"
{@X"p"Y"{X"{O" W"p\": $ e" S"A"p: S" W"\"{SO" {@z O"s {B"sNpr@wO""Z"Y"pS"r{O"
T"@w O"{S"^"uR"pQT"l{O": $$ 83 $$
G"u - PqUP
281
Uzu
u UP. (83)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
G"u \"N"Y"{O" - T"ZpG"uO"s{X"{O" $ ù {B"{Z_"sO"u ! {\"^"X"p {\"{"A"p V"pN"p Y"_Y" _":
{\"^"X"{\"{pA": T""V"pN":, {\"R"uY"@s{NK>O"T"qZ{X"O"pO\"pQo QlV" OY"{W"_"{SR": $ X"QS":
z {e"T"sZpSO"@z T"ZpG"uO"sz T"ZpDoX> "sA"r@O"s| {\"G"uO"s{X"OY"P": $ T"sZp G"uO"s{X"{T" T"pKu> T"sZp X"QS"pu z
G"uO"sz _\"QT"`pqZN"z O"X"{W"W"{\"O"s,z \"vZ{S"Y"pO"S"_Y" \"rZpN"pX"\"Y"{\"R"uY"O\"p{Q{O" W"p\": $
e" _"pP"O\"pW"p\"pO"o, T"ZpG"uZ_"puM:> {O" S" T""X"r $ O"u W"\"OY"p: G"u T"_"wO"u @X"N"r
G"p O"s T"_"wO"p OY"X"Z: $ {B"sN"p: {Zp\"wf"p: "Zp: T""V"pN"p: B"W"u Y"Y"pu_O"pv
{B"sN""ZB"W"pv$
{O"@puR"pSR"{e"T"sZpSO"@T"ZpG"Y"u T"qZ{X"O"pS"pz {\"^"X"_"zAY"pT""pS"pz
{\"B"O"{"A"pS"pz E" "ZpN"pX"T"Y"p"O\"pO"o O"pS"u\" {Zp\"wOY"p _"X"_"zAY"O"pz, wN"p{O" {`S"_O"r{O"
\Y"sOT"f"u: "Z OY"S\"P"S"pX"O"pz E"pT""pz {\"R"pY" R"wO"p Y"pu "Zp: O"W"p{\"OY"P": $ {S"^"pv
^"sR"r O"tN"puT"p_"O"tN"rZ{S"^"p ^"s{R"Y"pu: OY"X"Z: $ @wO" @wO"\"pS"o $ V"pMz> O"Qu\"
_"OY"{X"OY"sOT"bu "p $ "ZpS"o T""_"zAY"p@pS"o {B"sN"r@wOY" W"\"QrY"G"u \" {S"^"pv {\"R"pY",
O"e" T"OY"u@z "ZT""@z {S"{Ò"\"pS"o X"QS": $ O"QSY"u^"sR"u: {\"G"Y"_"pR"S"O"pS"Ò\"p{Q{O"
W"p\": $ z E" _"`S"pX"_"s SB"puT"qZ{b""_X"ZO"tN"pW"G"q@p {O" $ @sO"
OY"u\"X"sOT"bu Y"O" OY"e"p` - Y"QB" {O" $ Y"Y"pu: G"Y"pu: B"u X"sA"u, _"sZpN"pz T"pQpB"u T"N"X"O"pz
Qu\"pS"pz X"@sJ>p{S" {@ZrJ>pSY"u\" "pN"p: {S"@^"p:, "pN"_O"s {S"@^": @^": OY"X"Z: $
O"u^\"u@u ^"s {S"{"O"p: f"u{G"O"p: O"rbN"r@wO"p OY"P": $ T"pQY"pu: Y"sB"r Y"sB"X"o O"e"_P"p{S"
Y"p{S" S"A"pB"p{N" S"A"Zp"p{S" O"pS"r{O" F> EF>z Y"u^"pz O"u T"pQY"sBX"p\"{_P"O"S"A"pB"{X"^"p
OY"P": $ Q" Qp_"zAY"p@p:, "ZUp: V"pN"pB"p{N"; Uz T"Y"puG"S"u V"z O"N"pz T"_"\"u&{T"
E" $ "ZpB"u O"s U: T"s{z _" @wO"u pu`"p@Y"p {O" {\"": $ Y"SO"u T"bu Y"SO"u $ Y"O":
T"pQY"sB"_"z{_P"O"S"A"pB"\Y"pG"pT""p {S"{"O"p: "ZUp: B"W"pB"u Y"SO"u, O":
O\"QrY"G"u X"QS"uS" _\"rY""ZpS"o {B"sN"r@wOY" T"tqZO"pv {S"^"p\"u\"u{O" T"{O"W"pO"rOY"P": $ e"
{O"rY"pR"_"z{_P"O"pY"p: _"pT"\"puOT"bu "pY"p: {S"^"@ZN"puOT"bu "pùO"sO\"pQlW"Y"pu: _"Z: $ O"P"p
E" Qu\"rT"_"wO"Y"pu: X"QS"u^"sRY"puqZ\"p{O"ZXY"O\"z puO"O"u $$ 83 $$
282
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -83
Anv
u uh S Enu. Iu n[P. A
H Pmi Ah[Pu UP. T[Q E. u v
AhUQ ] , u Bzvzuz wzxUP, zx Twmi
APU Psh C AzyoP & Ehu . E
PqUPP AzyoUQ. AP ~P E n[Pu
uP Qhzv wmiUTUQz viP |P[PUQ.
Az yo AP AP TUP P ]
x
A.
Ix
[Q
n[P Chzv zx TUP n[P C

AzyoP Qmi.
pS"SQ{BpZrY"p
_Y" pu@_Y" \Y"pAY"p S"puT"WY"O"u
BuQ
E Cu _PzvSU Qmh.
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
T"sZp G"uO"s{X"{O" $ ù {B"qZ_"sO"u {`X"{B"qZ\"z"Qr{T"@u {\"^"X"{\"{"A":, {\"^"X"p {\"{"A"p
Y"_Y" _" _X"Z: T"sZp T"t\"{_X"S@pu z G"uO"sz T"ZpW"{\"O"sz O"u G"u {S"^"pv O"tN"rZpv B"pMz> Y"P"p
_Y"pf"P"p @wO" @wO"\"pS"o $ {@z{\"R"pv {S"^"pv {B"sN"pZB"W"pv {B"sN""Zp B"W"u Y"Y"pu_O"pv
O"P"pupv T"""ZO\"pQlW"pWY"pz Q""ZO"uOY"P": $ O"e" ùO"s:, Y"QB"u Q""ZUp Y"SO"u $
Y"Y"puG"Y"puZB"u Q"pY"puX"sA"p{S" Y"SO"u $ O"u^"pz {X"p` - {@z{\"R"p Q"pZUp:
T"pQY"sB"rS"A"pB"EF>pS": T"pQY"puY"sB"r Y"z O"_Y"p S"A"pB"p{N" O"u^"pz F> \Y"pG"pu Y"u^"pz O"u
O"P"pup:, T"sS": _"sZX"s@s J>"pN"pvC"{S"{"O"p: _"sZpN"pz Qu\"pS"pz X"s@s J>p: O" \" "pN"p:
@^"N"puT"p: O"u^"pX"puC"p: O"u^"s {S"{"O"p f"u{G"O"p: $ S"X"_@pZ_"X"Y"u X"ùSp{QX"s@s J>@puJr> ^"s
@^"N"pO"o O"rbN"rW"tO"p: $$ 83 $$
uzw
EP UP. (83)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P"puOT"ub"X"pN"pu G"u \"N"Y"{O" - T"ZpG"uO"s{X"{O" $ ù {B"qZ_"sO"u O"\" G"u {\"^"X"{\"{"A"pu
z T"ZpG"uO"sz {S"^"p\"@wO"u{O" V"pM>X"`z ">u OY"P": $ _\"V"pN"pT"ub"Y"p {B"sN"p: "Zp: B"W"u
G"u - PqUP
283
Y"Y"pu_O"pv $ G"Y"pu{S"^"O\"u c"pT"@X"p` - Y"QB"u Y"Y"puZB"u T"pQY"sB"rS"A"pB"{Np F>p{S" Y"u^"pz O"u

Q"_"zAY"p@p: "ZUp Y"SO"u $ e" "ZpB"pu`p{Q\"pE"@: U"VQ: $ _" E" T"s{: $
_"sZX"s@sJ>p{S" "pN"p{S" E" Y"p{S" O"u^"pX"puC"uS" {S"{"O"p_O"rbN"p: $$ 83 $$
uzu\vP
EP UP. (83)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
T"sZp G"uO"s{X"{O" $ ù {B"qZ_"sO"u ! T"sZp T"t\"|, z {"\"z G"uO"sz {\"^"X"{\"{"A": @pX":, O"u O"\"
G"u, {B"sN""ZB"W"pv _\"Y"z T""V"pNpO\"pO"o, O"p\"{: "ZvZG"uY"pu&Y"{X"{O" {B"sN"pS"u\"
{S"G"T"""ZpS"o {\"R"pY", O"W"pv {S"^"pv O"tN"rZpv V"pMz> {S""Y"uS" @wO" @wO"\"pS"o $ Y"QB"u Y"Y"pu:
S"{S"^"O"pX"pT""Y"pu : G"Y"pu Z B" u T"pQY"s B "rS"A"pB" p \" F> \Y"pG"pu Y"u ^ "pz O"u
T"pQY"sB"rS"A"pB"EF>pS": $ Y"u&B"W"pBpp Y"SO"u @"p: ? {"O""ZUp: {"O"pS"pz O"rbN"pS"pz
"ZpN"pz V"pN"pS"pz Up: B"W"pB"p: Uz T"Y"puG"S"u V"z O"N"pz T"_"\"u&{T" E" $ "ZpB"u O"s U:
T"s{z _" @wO"u pu`"p@Y"p {O" {\"": $ @P"z O"u^"pz pZO\"z G"pO"X"o ? _"sZX"s@s J> > "pN"v@{S"{"O"p:,
S"X"_@pZ_"X"Y"u X"ùSp{QX"s@sJ>@pu{J>^"s "pN"pO"o C"^"N"pO"o O"rbN"rW"tO"p: $ "ZpQrS"pz "pN"C"^"N"z
T"{_"X"o$ O"uS"v@v@z {S"{"O"p: X"sAY"O"Y"p O"rbN"rW"tO"p: Y"O"pu Q" "Zp: Y"SO"u, O"O"pu
{S"^"_"pR"XY"| O"\" G"Y"puqZOY"P": $ T"pQY"sB"rS"A"pB"EF>pS" OY"S"uS" S"A"p {O" \Y"pG"X"pe"z,
"Zp \" {S":_"Z{SO", O\""ZN"V"pQu\" {e"W"s\"S"{\"G"Y"r O"p\"QS": T"{_": $$ 83 $$
isi
EP E UP. (83)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
T"sZp G"uO"s{X"{O" $ ù {BpqZ_"sO"u, T"sZp T"t\"| z {"\"z G"uO"sz {\"^"X"{\"{"A": @pX":, O"u O"\"
G"zC"u {B"sN""ZB"W"pv, _\"Y"z T""V"pN"O\"pO"o O"p\"{: "ZvZG"uY"pu&Y"{X"{O" {B"sN"pS"u\"
{S"G"T"""ZpS"o {\"R"pY", O"W"pv {S"^"pv O"tN"rZpv V"pMz> {S""Y"uS" @wO" @wO"\"pS"o $ Y"QB"u Y"Y"pu:
S"{S"^"O"pX"pT""Y"pu: G"Y"puZB"u T"pQY"sB"rS"A"pB"EF>pS": Q""ZUp; Q"_"zAY"p@V"pN"pB"W"pB"p: Y"SO"u $ @"p: _"sZX"s@s J>"pN"v@{S"{"O"p:, S"X"_@pZ_"X"Y"u
X"ùSp{QX"s@sJ>@pu{J>^"s "pN"pO"o C"^"N"pO"o @{S"{pO"p X"sAY"O"Y"p OY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u {B"qZ_"sO"pY"p : @pX":, bX"r\"p, Y"_X"p{Q{O" _"zV"puR"S"T"QpP": $ "u^"z _"X"pS"X"o $$ 83 $$
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -84
284
Pu
EP UP. qzv Cx (83)
pS"SQ`Zr
T"ZpG"uO"s{X"{O" $ ù {B"qZ_"sO"u {\"^"X"{\"{"A": @pX": O"u O"\" G"u {S"^"pv ^"sR"r @wO"
@wO"\"pS"o $ @"pv {B"sN"p: "Zp B"W"u Y"Y"pu_O"pv $ {@X"P"| z T"ZpG"uO"sz {W"W"{\"O"sX"o $ T"sZu{O"
T"pKu> T"t\"| @wO"uOY"S\"Y": $ T"""Zv: T"ZpG"uO"sX""Y"O\"pO"o {B"sN"pS"o Q"_"zAY"p@pS"o @wO\"p O"\"
G"Y"pu: _P"p{T"O"\"p{S"OY"P": $ V"pMz> T"{O"c"pY"pX"o $ Y"QB"u Y"Y"pu: {S"^"Y"pu: B"u T"pQY"sB"Y"p
S"A"p \" B"p_O"u^"pz F> \Y"pG"pu Y"u^"pz O"u O"P"p{\"R"p Q" "ZUp V"pN"pB"W"pB"p Q"pDoB> "srT"p
Y"SO"u $ @"p: _"sZpN"pz X"s@sJ>T"pu Y": "pN"pvC": O"rbN"r@ZN"T"p^"pN"_"X"t`_O"uS" {S"{"O"p
C"^"N"pf"rbN"O"pz T"p{T"O"p: $ "pN"pvC"uOY"e" "pN"v@u{O" T"pKu> @z X"sAY"z Y"P"p _Y"pf"P"p {S"{"O"p
OY"P": $ Uz T"Y"puG"S"u V"u O"N"pz T"_"\"u&{T" E" $ "ZpB"u O"s U: T"s{z _" @wO"u pu`"p@Y"p
{O" {\""T"@pu": $ W"w"T"{O"c"Y"puV"pM>{X"{O", {S"^"p ^"s{R"Y"puqZ{O" E"pX"Z: $$ 83 $$
Bu
EP E UP. (84)
*
dsO"rS"pz X"tR"pS"pu QR"{O" O"\" Y"pv "uA"ZO"Y"p

X"X"pTY"uO"pv X"pO": {"Z{_" QY"Y"p R"u{` E"ZN"pv $
Y"Y"pu: T"pz T"pP": T""sT"{O"G"J>pG"tJ>O"{J>S"r
Y"Y"pupb"pbX"rZN"1`qZE"tL>pX"{N"{E": $$ 84 $$
aw| u| uuv u \Pu
u u: ] u u \n >
: z u: _v hh ui}
n 1 `ho ]: >>
1. NpO"Z
Np`Z Anu An.
u & u:& u !, u \n E C \n[P aw|

zu|: u[P uSvP E{zxP. \Pu & uoP,
E"ZNppv - \n[P
285
uuv & u[SQ. Hu \n & Cu CviP ] A &

G u, u u & uh . : Gu C
z u:& vi Akzv }, _v hhui &
_UP v ] \h iU PPQU Psh P[P |v
(B.), : : Gu C \g_US.
An`ho ]:& ]u `ho J B.
avuyUuuyP G u | { .
bX"rR"Zp
dsO"rS"pz {S"B"X"pS"pz, X"tR"pS": {"Zpz{_" \"uQpSO"p OY"P": $ QR"{O" R"pZY"{SO"
T"{O"T"pQY"SO"rOY"P": $ O"\" W"\"OY"p:, Y"pv E"ZN"pv T"pQpv, "uA"ZO"Y"p f"z_"O"Y"p $ Y"p dsO"rS"pz ds{O"\"R"tS"pz X"wR"pS": dsO"Y": W"B"\"O"rT"pQpVG"z f"z_"Y"{SO" $ Y"P"puX"o - ds{O"\"pY"z
"{z T"{O" \"{_"uS> " - S"X"pu Qu\Y"v X"`pbXY"v {dY"v {_"v S"X"pu S"X": $
V""{\"^N"sX"ù"pS"\"uQ@v: T"t{G"O"pDoC> "Y"u $$ \"uQ@vqZOY"e" \"uQpS"pz @v: {pZpu{W"qZ{O" $
S"X"{T"sZ_"sSQY"v {p\"pY"v {\""X"tO"Y"u OY"p{Q $ \"z _O"sO"p X"`pQu\"r ds{O"{W":
T"rO"X"pS"_"p $ T"p` O"p: T"{O" O"p{BW": \"E"pu{W"ZX"Zu"Zr $$ OY"p{Q \"{_">_"z{Ò"pY"pX"o $
X"X"p{T" O"pv E"ZN"pv, X"pO": ! G"S"{S" ! {"Z{_" X"tR"{S", QY"Y"p @wT"Y"p @wT"p{\">{E"f"uS"uOY"P":
$ R"u{` {S"R"u{` $ E"ZN"pv T"pQpv, Y"Y"pu: E"ZN"Y"pu: _"zV"{SR", T"pz T"pP": T"pQ{S"N"uG "S"G"X"o $
Y"{T" T"p{X"OY"su T"pQ_"zV"SR": T"O"rY"O"u, O"P"p{T" T"p{X"OY"su T"pQT"b"pS"p`|
T"p{X"OY"Ò"pX"pe"T"O"rO"pv {\""u^"p@pZuN" Y"Y"puqZOY"_Y"pS\"Y" {O" S" T"pvS"OY"X"o $
T""sT"{O"G"J>pG"tJO> "{J>S"r T""sT"O"u: {"\"_Y" G"J>pG"tJ>u @T"Qu O"{J>S"r B"p $ Y"Y"pu: E"ZN"Y"pu:
pb"pbX"r: pb"pZ_"@p{SO":, N"`qZE"tLp> X"{N"{E": N""p_"pv `qZE"tLp> X"{N""
@pv_O"sW": O"_Y" {E": Z{X"p $ Y"X"P":- T"N"Y"@puT""pSO"Y"u T"N"O"_Y" T"p"sT"O"u:
G"J>pG"tJ\> "{O"S"r B"p T"pQpB"\"{O"S"r p_"r{Q{O" B"pY"p: T"pG"O\"z @{P"O"X"o $ T"{O"{QS"z
_"pY"XT"pO": _"u\"pP"| S"X"_@s\"pN"_Y" {\"^N"pu: X"@sJ>C"{J>O"@pv_O"sW"X"N"u: "uO"\"N"_Y"
pb"pZ_"T"_"pQG"SY"pu&{N"X"u{O" RY"uY"X"o $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù G"S"{S" $ O"\" Y"pv E"ZN"pv
dsO"rS"pz X"tR"pS": "uA"ZO"Y"p QR"{O", ù X"pO": ! O"pv E"ZN"pv X"X"p{T" {"Z{_" QY"Y"p R"u{` $
Y"Y"pu: T"pz T"pP": T""sT"{O"G"J>pG"tJO> "{J>S"r Y"Y"pu: pb"pbX"r: N"`qZE"tLp> X"{N"{E":$
O"Qlz W"\"{O" - W"B"\"OY"p: T"pQpXV"sG"{O"Y"_Y" \"uQX"tR"{S" _"Qp{"\"X"tR"{S" {\"^N"sX"tR"{S" E"
_""pZ {O" X"tR"_""pZ_\"pW"p\Y"X"{_O" $ O"pu X"X" X"tR"SY"{T" _""ZO"s T"pQpXV"sG"{X"{O"
T"pP"S"p_"pX""_Y"{X"{O" @\"uZ{W"T"pY": $ Y"p - T"T""G"S"{Y"eY"p: _"pQpAY"pY"p:
286
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -84
T"T""pSO":T"p{O"S": `qZ{\"qZ{"T""sT"{O"\"uQpSO"p: T"pQpXV"sG"z {"Z{_" R"pZY"{SO" O"{"N"uG "S"G"uS" T"{\"{e"O"B"pe"p: O"SX"{`X"np O"f"Q{R"@pZpS"o W"G"SO" {O" Y"sGY"O" \"u{O" $ e"
T"@ppZ: _T">: $$ 84 $$
u
u! E C viP u[P ] E{z Ax
uuUP uP u AoPzu[SQ. A G
u h ! } A Sv PzxU Pshx ]
E viP AUPzuz uoUP n[P, Ax ua\h
vu P[P |v }P Q E viP A EUS
zx. q n[S x Ax `ho Px
\ E viP a]a \g_U S AQ a\x.
q v P E viP n[S. Pv C
viP ], q, u[P G CP h
u CP ]h uh Gx Esk. vi }
(zzv) \zu u u oP h AP {a
\Q. (84)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"zS"r
drQu\"puE"ZN"@X"Y"pu: _"\"\"uQpSO"T"{O"T"pO\"X"sA"uS" _\" {"Zpu{S"R"pT"S"X"p"p_O"u dsO"rS"p {X"{O" $ ù X"pO": ! dsO"rS"pz X"tR"pS": T"{S"^"Q:, Y"pv O"\" E"ZN"pv "uA"ZO"Y"p QR"{O"
X"tR"SY"O"Y"p {V"W"{O", O"p\"uO"pv X"X"p{T" {"Z{_" R"u{` $ Y"Y"pu: T"pz T"pP": T"pG"z
T""sT"{O"G"J>pG"tJO> "{J>S"r B"p, Y"Y"pu: pb"pbX"r: @ZpB": N"`qZE"tLp> X"{N"{E":
{\"^N"pu: {"ZpuW"t^"N"X"{N"@p{SO": $ X"pS"pT"S"puQS"u {"\"{"ZpuR"pY"| B"pG"z Y"Y"pu:
T"pG"pY"O"u, T"N"X"O"" `ZuX"s@ s Ju> {\"G"wXW"pN" {Q\Y"Z"{E"Z@ZpB"pY"O"u, O"pv X"X" X"pvpv
{S"R"pY" @wO"pP"r@s X"pz OY"P":$ B"pG"E"tLp> X"{N"EY"pu: T"pO\"pb"pbX"rO\"pZpuT"pO"o
pZpuT"@{\""u^": $$ 84$$
Uzu
u ] q uP n[SQ E viP G
u h . ( u UPzu
Jmi.) (84)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
P"uQpS"rz Qu\"rE"ZN"Y"pu: {A"\"uQpSO"T"{O"T"pO"p\"N"S"pT"t\"@z _\"{"Zpu{S"R"pT"S"X"p-
E"ZNppv - \n[P
287
"p_O"u - dsO"rS"p{X"{O" $ ù X"pO": ! T"se"G"S"\"O_"u ! Qu{\" ! dsO"rS"pz X"tR"pS": \"uQpSO"p:

G"B"O@pZN"W"tO"Qu\"O"pT"{O"T"pQ@p OY"P": $ O"\" W"\"OY"p: _"zV"{SR"S"pv Y"pv T"pQpv E"ZN"pv
"uA"ZO"Y"p {"ZpuW"t^"N"O"Y"p QQ{O" _P"pT"Y"{SO" $ X"tRS"p| {"ZpuW"t^"N"uS" T"@p"p{O""Y"_"p\"pO"o
dsOY"pAY"rN"pX"{T" X"tR"_"s {"ZpuW"t^"N"p{W"p^"pO"o {O"_"sSQZW"\"OT"pQp\"u\" W"t^"N"z
_P"pT"Y"SO"rOY"P": $ _"X"_O"\"uQpSO"T"{O"T"pp{\"X"pv W"\"OT"pQp{\"{O" W"p\": $ pu@_Y"
pZX"{E"X"O"o T"{\"e"X"o OY"{QdsO"uqZOY"p"Y": $ _"@\"uQpSO"T"{O"T"pp\"uO"pv X"p\"{T" E"ZN"pv
T"pQpv QY"Y"p QrS"pS"s@XT"Y"p S"sB"ppu&Y"{X"{O" {S"R"u`rOY"P": $ X"X"pOX"S"pu&{T"
dsO"rS"p{X"\"uOY"P":$ Y"p - {"\"p{Q\"QS"sB"p_Y" \"uOY"P": $ {"Z{_" "r^"u, S"T"s_z "@O"Y"p
QpvV"Y"uS" ds{O"X"tR"pT"ub"Y"p T"_"pu OY"P": $ Qu{` {S"R"u{` _P"pT"Y"uOY"P": $ W"\"OY"p" Y"z
@pX"Y"u O"z O"X"sB"z @wN"pu{X" O"z V""pN"z O"X"w{^" O"z _"sX"uR"pX"o $ `z pY" R"S"sZpO"S"pu{X" V""{^"u
"Z\"u `SO" \"p {O" dsO"u: W"\"pO_"Y"pO"o, O"\" {O"X"`f\"_"zT"p{Q@pO\"pQ_Y" W"_Y"
ds{O"\"{"^@O"Y"p S"sB"pO\"pO"o, W"\"OT"pQp{O"qZp{O"T"{\"e"\"_O\"SO"ZppW"pO"o, O"pv
{"Z{_" {S"R"pY" O"uS"v\"pY"X"S"sB"p: OY"{W"_"{SR": $ S"S"s T"{O"O"T"{\"e"r@ZNpE"O"sZpN"pz
X"SQp{@S"rT"Y":T"W"wO"rS"pz {\"X"pS"O\"pO"o, W"r>QpS"E"O"sZpN"pz Qu\"O"pSO"ZpN"pz \"uQT"{O"T"ppS"pz E"puT"XW"pO"o, @sO" O"Qu\" T"pPY"O" OY"p" W"\""ZN"pQSY"OT"p\"{Y"e"W"r>QpO"w
\"p @wO\"uQpSO"T"{O"T"pz S" WY"O" OY"p"Y"uS"p` - Y"Y"puqZ{O" $ T""sT"{O"G"J>pG"tJO> "{J>S"r
_"@pu@T"p\"{Y"e"r {"\"G"J>p{_P"O"X"SQp{@S"r Y"Y"pu"ZN"Y"pu: T"pz T"pQpY" {Ò"z,
T"pQpC"pWY"pz E" {O" Y"OT"OY"Y": T"pz T"pQpP"\"pqZ{N" OY"X"Z: $ T"pP": G"z,
X"SQp{@S"rG"z W"\"OT"pQG"X"u\" OY"{W"T"pY":$ e" T"N"Y"@s{T"O"pY"p: W"B"\"OY"p:
T"_"pQS"pP"| T"N"O"_Y" T"ZX"u{"O"s: G"J>pG"tJ\> "{O"SY"p B"pY"p: O"OT"pQpZ{\"SQp\"_P"pS"pO"o
O"_Y"p: T"pO\"z W"B"\"O"rE"ZN"Y"pu: T"p"_OY"z E"puz OY"\"B"SO"\Y"X"o$ S" E"v\"z E"uO"o T"OY"s:
T"N"{O"@{K>S"pWY"pz {O" {"\"_Y" W"B"\"O"r@wO"T"N"pX"_"zT"QpS"O"p@P"S"{\"ZpuR": $ _"X"T"R"pS"pv
_"X"_"f\"pv _"X"pvG"_"p\"sW"p QpO"pZp{\"` _"pvW"B"pS"pX"o {O" dsOY"p W"Y"pu:
_"X"T"pR"pSY"puuqZ{O" $ O"" T"pDo{> S"{T"O"X"u\"p_X"p{W": OY"sT"ZXY"O"u $ O"P"p Y"Y"pu: E"ZN"Y"pu:
N"_Y" T"ZpB"S"O"Y"p N"\"N"_Y" `qZE"tLp> X"N"u: {\"^N"s{"ZpuX"s@s J>_Y" {E":
N""puW"p, pb"pbX"r: @_"zT"{f": pb"pZ_"p{N"X"u{O" @u{E"O"o $ \"z
pv{@@b"pS"pb"p\"SO"pv {"\"{\"^N"sWY"pz {S"OY"T"NpO"pv _"@\"uQpSO"T"{O"T"ppv E"ZN"pv
X"SX"_O"@u _P"pT"Y" $ O"p\"SX"pe"uN" \"p `z @wO"pP"pu W"\"pS"r{O" O"pOT"Y"pP": $ O"uS" E"
_"\"Q\u "O"pS"X":"u{^"O\"z W"p\"O"rE"ZN"Y"puZ\u "u{O" {_"X"o $ _"\"Q\u "S"X"_@pZ: @u"\"z
288
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -84
T"{O"B"EF>{O" {O" _X"wO"u" W"B"\"OY"p S"X":"u{^"O\"T"{O"T"pQ@V"`ldOs Y"sT"XW"pO"o {\"ZpuR"p{R"@ZN"SY"pY"uS" T"X"pN"O"p \"N"S"rY"p $ e" T"@p>pZuN" Qu\"rE"ZN"Y"pu: _"\"puO @^"O"pR\"{S":
$$ 84 $$
Anv
P Gh A u ! EQ Pn
uuuzzu UP u E{u[P E viPz uoPz
u[SQ. u su? Au uo HQx.
C E vUS Eu. G Gh h G u
Au . u ]Ph G ] uuu. }
zP, P P bP BUS. Cu }
uzv T. E viPz u ykzxQ
EQ Hx. P[P y } {P, ]u uuP E
G ] \h P[P EUS z }Q. ]h } P
Pshx E Av kzua ] E n[P, Ax ]u
P[P u[P AQ }. ] } GP
A k A \a \Qx. q
Qhzv vzu ]P z E viP J , \g_U
Sa\x. E n[P u n[QuQx. (84)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
dsO"rS"pz X"tR"pS" {O" $........ G"tJp> Ou P"p O"{J>S"r S"Qr B"p _"p Y"Y"pu: T"pQpuQ@z
T"pQb"pS"puQ@z; X"pS"pT"S"puQS"_"X"Y"u E"ZN""X"s@s J>O"Y"p T"N"X"{O", X"`pQu\"X"s@s J>{_P"O"Y"p
B"Y"p T"pQT"b"pS"p{QOY"P": $ \"X"u\" T"N"X"O"pu `Zu: dr@w^N"_Y" X"s@s Ju> Y": E"tLp> X"{N":,
O"_Y" Y"p ZO"Zp @p{SO": _"p{T" T"N"pX"p\"_"Zu E"ZN""u{O" _"v\" Y"Y"pu: pb"pbX"r:
pb"p\"QpZO"Y"p N"p \"W"p_"O"u $ O"p\"O"p dr@w^N"X"`pQu\"Y"puZ{T" {S"G"X"s@s J>C"w^Y"X"pN"z
S"A"z Y"P"p _Y"pf"P"p Y"pv E"ZN"pZ{\"SQpv `{S""z T"N"X"O":, O"pv E"ZN"pv X"X" {"Z{_" {S"R"u{` $
`X"{T" @wO"pP"pu Y"P"p W"\"pX"r{O" T"pPY". S"pS"pQl:A"{S"\"uQS"X"o $ B"pY"pz Z"T"W"pY"pz E"
T"ppuQ@O\"pZpuT"pO"o bX"rO\"pZpuT"p" T"@X"o $ O"\" E"ZNpY"pu: Y"X"u\" _\"W"p\"pu Y"O"o _"\"u^ "pz
X"tR"SY"O"u{O" _\"W"p\"pu{Z{T" $ O"\" E"ZN"T"p^"Q_Y" {"Zpu"z _"\"uQ{\"^N"sX"ù"pS"pX"T"O"pT"pu
W"\"O"rOY"{T" $$ 84 $$
BuQ
E vi G uP uP zxU Pshh Qx.
EP Eu. (84)
E"ZNppv - \n[P
289
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
dsO"rS"p{X"{O" $ ù X"pO":, O\"X"uO"pv E"ZN"pv X"X"p{T" {"Z{_" QY"Y"p @wT"Y"p R"u{` {S"\"u"Y"$
X"X" "r{^N" T"pQpZpuT"N"z @s, Y"O"pu QlW "{X"OY"p` - O"pv @pv, dsO"rS"pz \"uQpS"pz X"tR"pS"
T"{S"^"b"N"p: B"W"pB"p: Y"pv O"\" E"ZN"pv {"Z:"uA"ZO"Y"p f"z_"T"uN" QR"{O" \"`{SO" $
_"\"p_"pX"sT"{S"^"Qpz O"pOT"Y"pP": A"s W"B"\"O"rE"ZN"pZ{\"SQ_O"s{O"Zu\" $ O"pu X"X" {"Z{_"
R"u`r{O" T"pP"S"p $ T"sS":. Y"Y"pu"ZN"Y"pu: T""sT"{O"G"J>pG"tJO> "{J>S"r T""sT"O"uG"Jp> G"tJ>u O"{J>S"r B"p
T"pz T"pP": T"pQpCY"G"z. Y"Y"pupb"pbX"r: Y"p\"@"puW"p N"`ZE"tLp> X"{N"{E":, N"
pZpu Y"pu `ZE"tLp> X"{N": V"p""p: O"_Y" {E"qZ\" {E": Y"_Y"p: _"p O"P"pup $
Y"X"{W"_"{SR":, Y"Y"pu: T"pz G"z T"N"Y"uS"puT""pSO"Y"u T"N"O"_Y" T""sT"O"uG"Jp> G"tJO> "{J>S"r B"p
T"pQpB"\"{O"S"r _"O"r T"pG"O\"X"pT""p pb"p E" `ZuN" E"SZuA"pZ"S"pP"| {R"Y"O"u $ \"z
ds{O"{W"ZTY"Y"z QlW "pu&WY"PY"O"u X"Y"p, O"f\"Y"p _"zT"pQS"rY"X"o $$ 84 $$
uzw
An`ho]: G h . ] u u \v ]UP,
u \g_US Pu z}z u ]UPQ.
. (84)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" E"ZN"pv \"N"Y"{O" - dsO"rS"p{X"{O" $ ù X"pO":, dsO"rS"pz X"tR"pS" T"{S"^"Q: "uA"ZO"Y"p
{"ZpuW"t^"N"O"Y"p Y"pu E"ZN"pv QR"{O", O"p\"uO"pv X"X"p{T" {"Z{_" R"u`rOY"S\"Y": $ E"ZN"Y"pu:
T"ZX"T"p\"S"O\"X"p` - T""sT"{O"G"J>pS"pz G"tJ:> _"X"t`_O"e" O"{J>S"r B"p Y"Y"pu: T"pz T"pP":
T"pQT"b"pS"pP"| G"X"o $ T"pQpC"pWY"pz E"u{O" O"{O"pu Y"OT"OY"Y": $ T"@w OY"P""pe" {\"\"{b"O": $
bX"rqZ{SQZp Y"Y"pupb"p "puW"pP"| pb"p\Y"{X"OY"P": $ N"O"Zp E"tLp> X"N"rS"pz {E"::
@p{SO"Y"_Y"p: _"u{O" bX"r{\""u^"N"X"o $ Y"p {S"ZSO"Zz S"X"_@s\"O"pz Qu\"pS"pz N"O"Zp
E"tLp> X"{N"{E": pb"p"puW"p Y"Y"puqZOY"P": $ N"`qZE"tLp> X"{N"qZ{O" T"pKu> _T"> \"pP": $
O"P"p `ZrOY"e" `Zu{O" T"pK>p&u {T" _T">pP": $$ 84 $$
uzu\vP
Anu`ho ]: Gh. Chh uP n[P,
APx `ho Jha \g_US ]xQx. x
. (84)
290
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -85
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
dsO"rS"p{X"{O" $ ù X"pO":, {e"W"s\"S"G"S"{S", dsO"rS"pz \"uQpS"pz X"tR"pS": SO"W"pB"p:
T"{S"^"b"N"p: Y"pv O"\" E"ZN"pv T"pQpZ{\"SQu @X"N"r, "uA"ZO"Y"p f"z_"T"uN" QR"{O" \"`{SO" $
_"\"p_"pz T"{S"^"Qpz O"pOT"Y"pP": A"s W"B"\"O"rE"ZN"pZ{\"SQ_O"s{O"Zu\" $ O" \" "uA"ZO"Y"p
T"{O"T"pQS"X"o $ O"p\"uO"pv E"ZN"pv Y"P"p ds{O"{"Z{_" SY"_O"pv, O"P"p X"X"p{T" {"Z{_" QY"Y"p
@pNY"\""pO"o R"u{` {S"\"u"Y" $ S"p{Q{_"pS"pz T"ZV""_\"T"pN"pz \"uQpSO"\"pY"pS"pz _"pR"XY"|
X"X" O\"_Y" T"ZX"pP"O": @P"{X"{O" E"uO"o e"puEY"O"u $ Y"p"r \"uQu O"\" QY"p O"pY"u\"
W"G"S"u, S" {\""u^": @pu&TY"e" $ Y"X"P"pu Qu\"r_"tu T"{O"T"p{QO":- Y"z @pX"Y"u O"z O"X"sB"z @wN"pu{X"
O"z V""pN"z O"X"w{^"z O"z _"sX"uR"pX"o $ `z pY" R"S"sZpO"S"pu{X" V""{^"u "Z\"u `SO" \"p $
W"B"\"OY"p: T"{O"c"uY"z Y"z W"X"`z X"`pOX"pS"z @O"s| @pX"Y"u EF>p{X" O"X"sB"z X"`pQu\"z @Zpu{X" $ {@E"
O"z V""pN"z @Zpu{X", {@zE" O"X"w{^"z V"QqZ@pdX"\"p{_"S"z S"p{QX"s{S"z S"pZpY"N"X"{T" @Zpu{X" $
Y"{Q \"p X"pu`Y"p{X" pu@z , V""pN"z @J>@X"{T" _"X"X"u\" X"pu`Y"p{X" $ {O" $ S"X"_@pZ\"upY"pX"u\"
E"ZN"Y"pu: X"s@s J>X"{N"_"zT"@ {O" puOY"O"u $ S" @u\"z X"`pQu\" \" S"X"{O", {T" O"s
_"\"Q\u "S"X"_@pZ: @u"\"z T"{O" B"EF>{O" $ {O" T"sZpN"T"pX"pNY"pO"o _"\"pu@S"X"_@pY"pu
W"B"\"pS"o T"s^"puf"X"pu&{T" _\"@pY"_"zT"{f"ùO"\"u W"B"\"O"rz T"N"X"{O" $$ 84 $$
isi
E{zxP i E vixv. uzv PmkQ
UuUPh Pmk ! uUu Cu TQx. A[S }
USQ &'' | Ezu Q A EUP,
P, P, |P, BUS. u uQ |
& |nP A Ax A P. EP
USx u US. Av
\. ] EPzv n[PQ q n[SQ.
(x .) (84)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
dsO"rS"p{X"{O" $ ù X"pO": dsO"rS"pz X"tR"pS"pu&SO"W"pB"p: T"{S"^"b"N"p:, Y"pv O"\" E"ZN"pv
@X"N"r, "uA"ZO"Y"p O"O\"T"uN" QR"{O" \"`{SO" $ _"\"p_"pz dsO"rS"pz O\""ZN"u O"pOT"Y"pO"o $ O"pv
E"ZN"pv X"X"p{T" {"Z{_" QY"Y"p R"u{`, {S"\"u"Y" $ Y"Y"pu"ZN"Y"pupb"pbX"r: Y"p\"@_"zT"O"o,
N"pu Zpu `Zu{\"^N"pu: Y"E"tLp> X"{N": X"s@s J>Z"z O"_Y" {E"Qr{"qZOY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - X"pO"
OY"e" X"p O" {O" FuQ> : $ QY"Y"p R"u{` {O" FuQ> : $ O"pu ùO"pu: X"X"p{T" {"Z{_" X"p R"u{`
S"X"_@pZ: - |P
291
{T"O"s R"u{` OY"P": $ X"X"p{T" {"Z{_" X"pO": T"qZX"pN"z T"pT"nOs " {O" {\"E"S"pSO"z \"p $ Y"Y"pu:
T"p{X"{O" \"pX"S"_Y" {O"rY"E"ZN"puT"qZ V""N"p T"tG"pP"| Y"OT"pX"p\"{G"O"z, _"v\" B"u{O"
T"sZpN"T"{_"u: $ `qZqZS: $ "u^"z _"X"pS"X"o $$ 84 $$
Pu
UP u. qzv & ] u P[P
q uzv q \n[P zP
[Pu. Cv `ho u Jz u
\n[P a \g_U Sa\UQx. (84)
pS"SQ`ZrJ>r@p
dsO"rS"p{X"{O" $ ù X"pO": Y"pu O"\" E"ZN"pv dsO"rS"pz X"tR"pS": T"R"pS"W"tO"p T"{S"^"Q:
"uA"ZO"Y"p {"ZpuW"t^"N"O"Y"p QR"{O" \"`{SO" $ _"\"puf "X"O"Y"p T"{O"T"pQY"SO"r{O" W"p\": $ O"pv
E"ZN"pv QY"Y"p X"X"p{T" {"Z{_" R"u{` T"Y" $ Y"Y"pu"ZN"Y"pu: T"pz T"pQT"b"pS"pP"| T"pP"pu G"z
T""sT"O"u: {"\"_Y" G"J>pG"tJ_> P"p O"{J>S"r S"Qr B"uOY"P": $ {"\"_Y" O\""ZN"T"{N"T"pO"Q"pY"pz
B"p T"pQpuQ@\"\"O"r{O" W"p\": $ {\"^N"puZ{T" O\"mT"O"Y"p {\"^N"sT"pQpuQ@T"p Y"p B"p
O"_Y"p_O\"OT"pQpuQ@T"O\"{X"{O" \"p $ Y"Y"pu"ZN"Y"pupb"pbX"r: Y"p\"@"puW"p N"pY"p
ZpY"p E"tLp> X"N"uX"s@ s J>Z"_Y" {E": @p{SO": _"v\"uOY"P": $$ 84 $$
Bu
EP UPu. (84)
*
S"X"pu\"p@z1 V"tX"pu S"Y"S"ZX"N"rY"pY" T"QY"pu:

O"\"p_X"v SpY" _UsJ>{E"Z_"p@\"O"u $
_"tY"OY"OY"SO"z Y"Q{W"`S"S"pY" _T"w`Y"O"u
T""tS"pX"r"pS": T"X"Q\"S"@u{O"Z\"u $$ 85 $$
|P 1 ||p u:
u zz h] UuPu >
Av Azu u || u
`|\|: u| P[Pu >>
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -85
292
1.
S"X"pu\"pE"z,S"X"pu \"p {@z |\, |
Q.
u:- - |p & PsPUS Cx, h]

AUuPu & a\z uQ \g_USa_ Pshx, u
u: A zz & E viP Cu CmhUS, |P
:& nUP u. `| D\|:& _v ], u||
u Cu AikuS B\kQ, u| P[Pu &
umhzv A\Pzvh, Azu Av & P
kQ.
uz Uu, ]g|ogsiu
u, w , u u|[P { .
bX"rR"Zp
S"X"pu\"p@z S"X" {O" \"pY"X"o $ S"X"pu\"p@"VQpu {S"T"pO"S"pO_"pR"s: $ V"Xt ": \"QpX":,
S"X"_@sX" OY"P": $ S"Y"S"ZX"N"rY"pY" S"ue"Y"pu: {T"Y"@ZpY", T"QY"pu E"ZN"Y"pu:, O"\" _X"v
T"qZY"X"pS"pY", SpY" Y"sBX"pY", _UsJ>{E"Z_"p@\"O"u _UsJ>E"Y"u _UsZOT"W"pY"
Z_"p@\"O"u _"pp@pY", {\""u^"N"_"X"p_": $ _"tY"{O" ^Y"{O" $ OY"SO"z {S"O"Zpz,
Y"Q{W"`S"S"pY" Y"uS" T"QY"sB"uS" {W"`S"S"z O"pL>S"z O"_X"v, {W"`S"S"z S" _"Ò" OY"P": $
"pu@"ZN"p`{O"\Y"T"s^T" {O" Qpu`Q@pvO"s@u $ _T"w`Y"O"u _T"w`pz @s\"O"u, T""tS"opX"r"pS":
T""sT"{O":, T"X"Q\"S"@u{aO"Z\"u T"X"Q\"S"z pS"\"S"z O"e" @>{u aO"Z"pu@: O"_X"v _"tY"{O"
^Y"{O" $ W"Y"e" @s R"l` OY"p{QS"p _T"w`Zu r{T_"O": OY"S"uS" E" _"zT"QpS"u E"O"sP"r $ e"uOP"z
T"QY"puG"S"p - ù W"B"\"{O" ! O"\" S"Y"S"ZX"N"rY"pY" _UsJ>{E"Z_"p@\"O"u T"QY"puZ_X"v SpY"
S"X"pu\"p@z V"Xt ": $ T""tS"pX"r"pS": Y"Q{W"`S"S"pY" _T"w`Y"O"u T"X"Q\"S"@u{aO"Z\"u OY"SO"z
_"tY"{O" $ T"N"Y"@`_"X"Y"u S"sB"`pOX"p T"pQpC"pO"pu S" @_Y"p{T" _"zW"p\Y"O" {O" E"uO"S"\"_O"sS"pu&{T" @u{aO"Zpu: @P"z _Y"p{Q{O" O"e"v\"p_"tY"p S"pSY"e"u{O" W"p\": $ S"uS"pOY"SO"z
T"p{O"\"OY"z T"p\"OY"p: T"{O"T"p{QO"X"o $ O"p"z T"p{O"\"OY"z bX"r_"Z_\"OY"puS"p_O"r{O" R\"SY"O"u $
e"p{O""Y"pu{ZpZ:, T""sT"O"uZr^Y"Y"p&_"zV"SR"u&{T" _"zV"SR"@P"S"pQW"uQpRY"\"_"pY"T"O"rO"u:
$$ 85 $$
u
E viP Csk PsPU P. a\
\g_US ]. AuS u G \. A\P
u xzx zxU S[P AQ Pi . Av AuS
\UP. _v Cu Ai . B A\PzvS Ax Gv
S"X"_@pZ: - |P
293
QmkuU Psk Auh Ak. u uu

u Ah Akxsk. nPzv x u
x Cu A h G A H[SQ. (85)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
O"p"E"ZN"@X"Y"puS"X"_@pZz @Zpu{O" - S"X"pu\"p@{X"{O" $ ù X"pO": S"Y"S"ZX"N"rY"pY" O"\"
_X"v T"QSpY" S"X"pu\"p@z V"tX": S"X"_@pZ_"tz V"tX": \"pE"{S"@z S"X": @sX": _O"sX" OY"P": $
_UsJ>{E"Z_"p@\"O"u T"@p"X"pS"@p{SO"\"Y"p\"@\"O"u $ Y"Q{W"`S"S"pY" T"X"Q\"S"@u{O"Z\"u
@L>p\"S"Zp"pu@pY" "pu@"ZN"pC"pO"p"pY"O"u T"s^T"\"f"Z: {O" Qpu`Qz \"pIF>O"u $
T""tS"pX"r"pS": X"`pQu\": _"tY"{O" G"B"Q{XV"@pE"ZN"pC"pO"z \"pIF>S"rY"z O\"z @P"z \"pIF>{_" ?
T"s^T"_"X"w{_O"\" X"X"pS"sB"`pQu\" W"{\"^Y"O"r{O" $ O"p\"O"p T"ZX"u"ZrE"ZN"_T""| Y"e" {"\"pu{T"
\"pIF>{O", O"e"p_X"QpQrS"pz G"SX"pSO"Z_"s@wO"z {\"S"p G"B"Q{XV"@pY"p"ZN"_"u\"p S" WY"O" {O"
W"p\": $$ 85 $$
Uzu
UP Eu. A\P u si Eh zxU
S[Pa \ C ! Ax H u vi skQx Ga
]US A. E. (85)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
O"p"E"ZN"Y"pu: S"X"_@pZz @Zpu{O" - S"X"pu\"p@{X"{O" $ ù Qu{\" ! _UsJ>{E"Z_"p@:
{\""Q"puW"pY"p\"@: @Z_"pu \"p _Y"p{_O" T"_"pR"@O\"uS"u{O" O"O"u
T"@p"X"pS"Y"p\"@p{>O"pY" $ O"P"p S"Y"S"Y"pu: S"ue"Y"pu: ZX"N"rY"pY", Y"pY"uOY"P": $ O"\"
W"\"OY"p: _X"v T"@p"X"pS"pY" T"QY"pu: E"ZN"Y"pu: SpY" ds{O"X"tR"nr\ " X"{EF>Z_Y"{T"
{S"{Ò"pY"uOY"P": $ S"X"pu\"p@z, EY"O" {O" \"p@:, @O"qZ E" @pZ@u _"zc"pY"pX"o {O" C"I"o $
S"X"_"pu \"p@: S"X"pu\"p@:, O"z S"X"_@pZ\"pY"z V"Xt "pu \"QpX": $ S"X"_@pZz @sX" OY"P": $
S"X":_\"{_O" OY"p{QS"p E"O"sP"r $ W"B"\"O"rT"pQY"pu: T"ZX"u"Z_Y" W"OY"{O""Y"z T"@J>Y"S"o
O"Y"puX"{`X"pS"X"p` - _"tY"O"r{O"$ T""tS"pX"r"pS": T"psT"{O": S"{W"\Y"B"w`T"{O"O"sY"_P"pS"@pu&{T" E"u{O" R\"{S": $ Y"_Y" T"pQS_Y" {W"`S"S"pY" O"pL>S"pY" _T"w`Y"O"u \"pIF>O"u $
_T"w`Zu r{T_"O": {O" _"zT"QpS"O\"pO"o E"O"sP"r| $ T"pQpÒ": T"X"QY"p {\"@_"OY""pu@:
OY"p{Q@{\"\"E"S"pO"o f"X"pS"pT"pQO"pL>S"_Y" "pu@Qpu`QO\"p{Q{O" W"p\":$ z E"
ZpX"@{\"S"p - T"pQpÒY"pTY""pu@pu \"QS"X"{QZY"p @u_"Z: T"p{N"X""p"tO"pu \"rb"p`_"pWY"pz
294
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -85
{O"@O"S"X"u {T"Y"ps" B"rOY"p $ _"zpT"pO@{N"@pZ: @sZ\"@O"Zp{S"p{O_"SQl\"pZ:

"p_"pOrN"pz {\"@p_"z W"G"{O" E" X"QZpB"uN" E"XT"" "pA"r $$ {O" $ T"X"QpS"pz \"S"z T"X"Q\"S"z
@L>p\"S"{X"OY"P": $ D>pT"pu: _"zc"pEF>SQ_"puV"`
l X"o {O" _\":, @p{Qp_"\"O"o $
T"X"Qp\"S"z T"X"Q\"S"z {O" {T"@pu": $ O"e" Y": @u{O": "pu@\"wb": O"_X"v, @u{:
_Y"pQ"pu@pu ZT"s^T"@: {O" {\"": $ OY"SO"z {O"X"pe"z, _"tY"{O" @sTY"{O" $ {\"@p_"S"pY"
Qu\"rT"pQO"pL>S"T"Qpu`Qz p@pDob> "X"pN"pY" "pu@pY" \"wb"pY"$ T"N"Y"@`p\"_"Zu
X"QS"sB"`pOX"p {O"_"sSQZQu\"rT"pQC"pO": S"uS" Z_"pS"{W"c"uS" E"uO"S"uS" {@X"P"| p@pzbY"O"
OY"S"{X"c"T"qZT"p@O\"pO"o {\""u^"pS"{W"c"pu&Y"z {S"ZSO"Zz @s RY"{O" $ S" "{O"@pX"s@p:
_\"@pSO"pSY"_T""| _\"_"pXY"O"pT"pQ@z _"zX"S\"O" {O" W"p\": $ @s R"l`û Y"p_"tY"pP"pS"pz Y"z T"{O"
@puT": {O" E"O"sP"r $ \"z{\"R"pY" {"\"p{W"@pz{b"O"T"pQC"pO"pY" _"\"puf "X"pY" T"QSpY"
S"X"_@pZz @sX" OY"P": $ e" V"Xt " {O" V"`l\"E"S"uS" S"X"pu\"p@u W"{dp{O""Y"pu puOY"O"u $
O"P"p E" ds{O":- W"t{Y">pz O"u S"X"{z {\"R"uX" {O" e" "pu@T""r"pS"Y"pu:
T"pQO"pL>S"p{W"p^"p_"tY"Y"puZ_"zV"SR"u&{T"
O"O_"zV"SR"@P"S"T"p{O""Y"pu{Y"uS"
Qu\Y"p
bX"r\"pNY"pT"ub"Y"p
O"s{O"T"p{O"\"OY"T"\"_O"sS":
_\"G"pY"pY"p:
T"pQuS"p{T"
SY"T"s^"_"z_T""X"_"`X"pS"T"s^"\"wf"pSO"_Y" E" T"O"rO"u: _"X"p_"pu{\Y"GY"O" OY"pZuN"
\"_O\"pZT"pu R\"{S": $$ 85 $$
Anv
E viUS u GU T. Au _Pzv Pi
G u zx. P Cu [P sP Eh
|UPzu P uPU TQ. A\P P Aih,
P E}, Ph, vP | ],
mhUPmP, P uh zuh, uo Pmi
AnUP, |a] a_UP uxh, \P a\
. mh Eh xzx . Aui u Ez
umhzv A\P u viku \UPUS P
Qx. ] Ax u |[SuU Psk A`kQ.
u Ehz wsh uUP E G A {UQ. (85)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
S"X"pu\"p@{X"{O" $ ù X"pO": O"\"p_X"v T"QY"pu: SpY" S"X"pu\"p@z V"Xt ": $ \"p@pu \"pY"z
S"X"_@pZT"z, \"pE"{S"@z S"X"_@pZz, T"ZX"u"ZrE"ZN"SpY" S"X" OY"p@pZz V"Xt ": $
{@zb"NppY" S"Y"S"ZX"N"rY"pY" X"S"puS"Y"S"X"pu`S"pY" $ ZX"N"rY"O\"X"p` - _UsJ>{E"Zz E" O"Q@z
S"X"_@pZ: - |P
295
E" O"{O"u Y"[_X"S"o O"f"f"_X"v Y"p\".... \"uOY"P":$ P"\"p _"p@z Q@z {\"O"u Y"e"...
X"pS"rY" b"p{O"\"O"u OY"P": $ O"_Y" {O""Y"X"p` ... @u{O"Z\"u T""tS"pX"r"pS"pu
X"`pQu\"pu&OY"SO"z _"tY"{O"... T"pQpÒ": T"X"QY"p {\"_"OY""pu@: "pu@z G"`p{O" V"@spu
X"sA"_"rR"s{_": $ ppu{@O": @sZ\"@: @sO"u {\"p_"z ppu{@O"{_O"@ O@{@pu
{S"W"p{O" {O" \"pY"B"O"z O"QoQpvQX"o $ e"p{T" X"`pZpG"_Y" Zpc"r {e"T"sZ_"tQS"_Y"pSO":....
X"\"p{Q@pS"e"Y": @u{O"Z"pu@: $ _" O"s O"_Y" @s_"sX"pup_"pY" W"B"... Qp X"`pQu\": O"_X"v
@s RY"{O", Y"OT"ZX"u"ZrE"ZN"pC"pO"T"pe"z O"e" E" X"... \" @pu \"p O"pIF>pY"pX"{R"@SY"pZ: $
Y"z W"p\": T"ZX"u"... B"pT"ZpR"X"ppuY" @`pSO"qZO"pY"pX"r"pSY"pz G"p...
X"u"ZrE"ZN"Y"puX"s@ s J>z Y"P"p _T"w"{O", O"O": {T"Y"O"X"u drX"`pQu... Y"p {"Z{_" E"ZN"T"`pZ:
{@Y"O"u O"uS"p{T" T"@pZuN" X"`pQu\": _"@W"s\"S"pS"pz X"tR"p{W"{^"pu G"pO" {O" Y"e" \"v O"p... S"S"u
O"_O"\" S"uQX"s{E"O"{X"OY"_"tY"{O" $ O"\" @s_"sX"puX"_Y".... Y"t_"z_"B"pQ{T" W"{\"^Y"O"r{O"
E"ZN"pC"pO"z X"p @pX"Y"u{O" ... T"pu&{T" _T"": $ E"O"sQ "W"s\"S"u"Y"p T"Qf"uS" {` _"pS"SQ...
Y"pu&{T" {S"T"{Y"O"sX"{\"pz_" {O" _"t{E"O"X"o$ P" E" Y"OT"Y"S"o... ^Y"{O" O"sX"u\" $ P"\"p
`pu {\"^"Y"X"p`pOXY"z T"Y"O"s Y"O@p>T"... N"Y"puZ{W"`S"S"z O"O_T""| \"pIF>{O" $ O"Qp T""tS"pz
X"RY"u "pS"pu X"`pT""sZ{T"... \"OY"p: O"\" E"ZN"Y"puZOu "p"z T"r{O"T"pe"z @p>X"{T" S" ... S"X"SO":
T"t... {\"S"{X"OY"X"Z: @u{: @pX"@{ ...... (X"RY"u X"RY"u e"s{J>O"X"o _"zT"tN"| E") $$ 85 $$
BuQ
AvP A \uhu . EP
PnkQ UP. (85)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
S"X"pu\"p@{X"{O" $ ù X"pO"_O"\"p_X"v T"qZY"X"pS"pY" T"QY"pu: E"ZN"Y"puS pY" S"X"pu\"p@z
S"X" {O" \"pY"z V"Xt "pu \"QpX"pu S"X"_@sX": $ SY"[O@{"N"S"_O"\"S"u S" G"pS"rX": $ {@W"tO"pY"
SpY", S"Y"S"ZX"N"rY"pY" S"Y"S"Y"pu ZX"N"rY"z O"_X"v, T"sS": _UsJ>{E"Z_"p@\"O"u _UsJ>p
{E"Y"_Y" O"" O"_"p@\"" O"_X"v _"pp@pY" $ ù X"pO":, {\"{E"e"z T"Y" $
T""tS"pX"r"pS": T""sT"{O": T"X"Q\"S"u Y": @u{O"S"pX" "pu@:, O"_X"v _"tY"{O" @sTY"{O" $
@"pY"p"pu@pY":, Y"Q{W"`S"S"pY" Y"uS" {W"`S"S"z O"pL>S"z O"_X"v OY"SO"z {S"O"Zpz _T"w`Y"O"u
_T"w`pz @s\"O"u, O" \" `Z O"_X"v @sTY"{O" $ @P"X"u^" O"O_T"w`pOX"@_"pvW"pBY"z T"pT"npOu "r{O" $
T"X"Qp\"S"z S"pX" r\"S"z, O"e"uY"X"pAY"p - @Qp W"B"\"O"p _"` @L>X"pS"pY"pz W"\"pSY"pz
{\"Bp{O"\"_"S"pY"pz _"OY"pz, X"`^"Y": X"ù"z S"SO"sz _"X"pB"O"p: $ O"Qp @s{T"O"Y"p W"\"pSY"p ""z
296
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -85
T"W"w{O" `Zz hO"u Y": @{"OT"sX"pS"o O"S"z T"{\""{O" _" r W"\"O"s, {O" $
O"O@ppQpZWY" T"X"Qp\"S"z G"pO"{X"{O" T"{_"X"o $$ 85$$
uzw
UP EP Eu. u uUP E
Ezumhzv. A[S A\P Cx \n\zu
Qx. ]z u Gu Bq Av ~ix.
C[Pn. u Ph kx Ax
BhQ { P D\ n[P A[S, Phu
u, ""C[S ]z u Gu Bq ~UThx. Ai ~u
A st.'' Ga \zu. Ax Ax u
Gmhx. ]z u sP mk A[S E. (85)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" E"ZN"Sz S"X"_@s\"ST"@pZpSO"ZuN" \"N"Y"{O" S"X" {O"$ ù G"S"{S", O"\"p_X"v
T"QY"puS pY" S"X"pu\"p@z V"Xt ": S"X": {@{X"\" _""z V"Xt ": $ {S"T"X"z O"\" T"QSS"X"S"{X"OY"P": $
S"X"_"pu {S"T"X"O\"z S"XY"{S"T"X"O\"uS"u{O" {S"T"X"O\"z \"O"sz T"QSz {\"{"S"{ >_UsJ>{E": Z_"pu
Y"_Y" O"f"P"p@: O"O"u $ e" @X"R"pZY"T"t\"@pu X"O"sT"oT"OY"Y"pu {S"OY"Y"puB"{\"\"b"Y"p $
S"X"pu\"pE"{X"{O" T"pKu> S"X"puT"pz \"pE"{X"OY"P": $ {_X"ST"b"u T"QY"puSpY"u{O" E"O"sP"r| V"tX"
OY"P": $ O"EF>VQ\"{QQz"VQpu&{T" Y"EF>VQ_"pT"ub" {O" Y"EF>VQuS" T"QSz {\"{"S"{> Y"{Q{O" $
Y"_Y"p{W"`S"S"z Y"Q{W"`S"S"z O"_X"v Y"OT"Q@O"w@ O"pL>S"pY"uOY"OP": $ _T"w`Zu r{T_"O" {O" _"te"uN" E"O"sP"r|$
_T"w`Y"O"r{O" _T"w`Y"S"o O"_X"v T"X"Q\"S"X"SO":T"sZpu{E"O"z \"S"z O"{_X"S"o @u{O"Zppu@\"wb": O"_X"v$
@sR"lù{O" _"te"uN" E"O"sP"r $ S" E"pe" @u{"VQuS" O"O\"T"O"rO"u: O""VQpu S" {\""u^"N"{X"{O",
{\""u^"N"z {\""u^Y"uN"u{O" T"p"_Y" _"X"p_"_Y" {S"^"uR": $ @u{"VQuS" U_Y"p{T" T"O"rO"u: O""VQ_Y"
{\""u^"N"O\"pO"o _"X"p_"puT"T"f"u: $ X"puBY"z T"QSO"pL>S"z _"pv "pu@\"wb": _T"w`Y"O"r{O" T""sT"{O":
O"_X"v _"tY"O"r{O" W"p\": $ rE"ZN"O"pL>S"uS" "pu@\"wb"_O"O@pX"u\" T"s{^T"O"pu W"\"O"r{O"
T""sT"{O"_O"_X"v _"tY"O"r{O" {_"X"u\" $ \"p _Y"p{@T"puT"X"Y"puqZ{O" X"u{QS"r@Z: $$ 85 $$
uzu \vP
EP UP. (85)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù T"ZX"u"qZ ! S"Y"S"ZX"N"rY"pY" puE"S"pS"SQG"S"@pY" _UsJ>{E"Z_"p@\"O"u _UsJ>Y"p
EY"p {S"G"E"ZN"@pSOY"p Z_"p{O""Y"pu Y"_Y" O"pT"@X"@X"o, @_Y" Y"pu Z_":
S"X"_@pZ: - |P
297
W"B"\"OY"p"ZN"{E"Zu\" $ O"\" E"ZN"EY"v\" Y"p\"@_Y" Z_"pu puOY"O"u $ O"spY"

{S"G"@p{SO"_"X"{R"@_"pvSQY"bXY"p Z{"O"pY", O"\" E"ZN"Y"puS pY" T"QpZ{\"SQY"sB"pY"
S"X"pu\"p@z V"Xt ": S"X"_@pZ\"pY"z V"Xt ": _"zT"pQY"pX":$ O"Qu\" E"ZN"Y"z {\"{"S"{> Y"Q{W"`S"S"pY" Y"Y"pu"ZBN"Y"puZ{W"`S"S"pY" Qpu`Q_"zT"pQ@rp\"C"pO"pY" _"zT"QpS"pY" _T"w`Y"O"u
_T"w`pz @s\"O"u T"X"Q\"S"@u{O"Z\"u rpupS"X"RY"\"{O"S"u "pu@\"wb"pY" $ @u{:
@pX"@u{: _Y"pQ"pu@pu ZT"s^T"@: {O" {\"":$ OY"SO"X"_"tY"{O" X"pO_"Y"| @Zpu{O" $ @:
T""tS"pX"r"pS": $ "pu@\"wb": A"s f"X"pS"pS"pz E"ZN"pR"pO"uS" V"`lO"Z@s_"sX"_"X"w{X"pS"o
W"\"O"r{O" @{\"_"X"Y": $ O"P"p E"puz X"Y"v\"ppZE"tLp> X"N"pv T"pQpÒY"p O\""pu@pu
\"QS"X"{QZY"p @u_"Z: T"p{N"X""p"tO"pu \"rb"p`_"pWY"pz {O"@O"S"X"u {T"Y"p" B"OY"p $
_"ypT"pO"o @{N"@pZ:@sZV"@O"Zp{S"p{O_"SQl\"pZ: "p_"pOrN"pz {\"@p"z {\"QR"{O"
X"QZpB"uS" E"XT"" "pA"r $$ e" W"B"\"OY"p O"Zpuf"X"pS"pWY"pu&{T" _"pR"pZN"z E"ZN"_"pvSQY"|
Y"O": T""tS"pX"r"pS"_Y"p{T" O"_"X"_O"QlB"sN "_Y"p{T" X"pO_"Y"Qpu^"_"zW"\": $ O""ZN"_"pvW"pBY"p{O""Y"pu X"Y"v\" c"pO"\Y":, O\"Y"p E"uO"S"uS" {S"ZP"@z c"pY"O" {O" T"ZX"u"Z_Y" "pu@z
T"{O" X"pO_"Y"|, O"uS"v\" O"O_"pvW"pBY"R\"{S": $$ 85 $$
isi
EP UP. (85)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
S"X"pu\"pE"{X"{O" $ O"\"p_X"v T"QSpY", S"X"pu\"pE"z S"X" {O" \"E"S"z, V"Xt "pu \"QpX": $
@"pY", S"X"S"Y"pu: ZY"N"rY"pY" puE"S"pS"SQG"S"@pY", O"P"p _UsJ>{E"Z_"p@\"O"u _UsJ>pv
{E"Z_"pv @p{SO"\"pv Y"_Y" O"p"p\"O"o OY"P": $ Y"Q{W"`S"S"pY", Y"uS"
T"QSuS"p{W"`S"S"z, "pu@: E"ZN"pC"pO"pO"o G"pY"O"u T"s\> "f"Z: {O" \"E"S"pO"o Qpu`QT"z
O"pL>S"z, O"_X"v _T"w`Y"O"u _T"w`pz @s\"O"u $ T"X"Q\"S"z rpupS"z O"e" Y": @u{O"Z"pu@pu
\"wb"_O"_X"v $ @u{: @pX"@u{: _Y"pQ"pu@pu ZT"s^T"@: {O" {\"": $ T""tS"pz
G"r\"pS"pX"r"pS": {"\":, OY"SO"X"_"tY"{O" X"pO_"Y"| @Zpu{O" $ O\""ZN"_"sA"z @P"X"SY"uS"p{T"
WY"{X"OY"p"Y"uS"u{O" W"p\": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - _UsJ>{E"Z_"p\"O"u T"@p"X"pS"@p{SO"\"pOX"@Y"p\"@Y"spY", Y"_Y" T"QS_Y"p{W"`S"S"pY" T"\"pZp {R"@@p{SO"zX"SY"O"Y"p
{O"Z_@pZpY" _T"w`Y"O"u "pu@\"wb"pY" {"\": _"tY"{O", @P"X"Y"z b"spu X"QpZpRY"_Y"
W"B"\""ZN"S_Y" "puW"pz {O"Z_@O"sX "sO": OY"p"Y"uS"u{O" W"p\": $$ 85 $$
298
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -86
Pu
EP UP. q zv Cu. (85)
pS"SQ`Zr
S"X"pu\"p@{X"{O" $ O"\"p_X"v T"QY"puS pY" S"X"pu\"p@z S"X" {O" \"E"S"z V"Xt ": $ \"E"S"z \"p@: $
W"p\"u C"I"o $ \"pE"{X"{O" T"pKu> \"pN"r{X"OY"P": $ @"pY" S"Y"S"Y"pu"b"s^"pu: ZX"N"rY"pY"
X"S"pu`ZpY"$ _UsJ> {E": G\"O@p{SO": Z_"pu \"pu Y"_Y" O"p"z Y"Q@z O"O"u O"spY" $ Y"uS"
T"QSuS" {W"`S"S"z O"pL>S"z O"_X"v _T"w`Y"O"u, Qpu`QT"O"Y"p _\"T"s^T"pP"X"T"ub"X"pN"pY",
T"X"Q\"S"z rpupS"z O"O_"zV"{SR"@u{O"Z\"u "pu@\"wb"pY", T""tS"pX"r"pS": T""sT"{O": {"\"
{O" Y"p\"O"o, OY"SO"X"_"tY"{O" X"pO_"Y"| @Zpu{O" O\""ZN"_T""_"sA"z SY"uS"p{T" @P"z
VR"\Y"{X"OY"ppY"pQ_"tY"u{O" W"p\": $ _T"w`R"pO"sY"puB"pO@X"{N" E"O"sP"r, _T"w`Zu r{T_"O":, @s R"l`û Y"p_"tY"pP"pS"pz Y"z T"{O" @puT" {O" _"te"pWY"pz _"zT"QpS"_"zc"p{\"R"pS"pO"o $ f"X"rE"ZN"pC"pO"uS"
"pu@: T"s{^T"O"pu W"\"O"r{O" @{\"_"zT"QpY": $ @u{: @pX"@u{: _Y"pQ"pu@pu ZT"s^T"@ {O"
{\""T"@pu": $$ 85 $$
Bu
EP u UP. (85)
*
X"w^"p @wO\"p B"pue"_A"S"X"P" \"vbY"S"{X"O"z

pJu> W"O"pZz E"ZN"@X"u1 O"pL>Y"{O" O"u $
{E"ZpQSO":"Y"z Q`S"@wO"X"sSX"t{O"\"O"p2
O"sp@pu{J>pN"v: {@{{@{O"X"r"pS"qZT"sN"p $$ 86 $$
Uz Pz P| Au |u
h u \nP 1 uhv u >
]uu: \ u|Uu Euu 2
xPiUn: QQu D\|n >> (86)
1. Y"sBpu P 2. SX"r{O"\"O"p
O@{O"\"O"p
E uu, EzRuu.
X"{NpX""Zr - Poa \u[P
299
u & & P, PzUP Uz &

ukzua \x, Au-& |u \P Sx
{Q, (u) zu & (E) Pn, u \nP & E vizu
h & |, uhv v & AiUSx ]z SPP,
uUu (u) Gzuu Au: \ Ezv Szu
Euu k[Q Gu, D\n ] Gv u,
xPiUn:& E Poa \u[P, QPu & PUP
Pmhmhx.
]g ogsiu u G u | {
Qx.
bX"rR"Zp
X"w^"p @_X"pQu\", @wO\"p B"pue"_A"S"z B"pue"_Y" _A"S"z S"pX" S"p{Y"@pY"pX"S"sZpB"z
T"@J>Y"O"_O"O_"X"rT" \" T"X"pQpO"o S"p{Y"@pSO"Zp{\">{E"f"_Y" O""pX"pu"pZN"X"o $ P"
B"pue"_A"S"pS"SO"Zz \"vbY"S"{X"O"z \"vbY"uN" {O"@O"\Y"O"pX"pvM
> Su " S"{X"O"z $ e" S"{X"O"{X"{O"
\"vbY"T"pR"pSY"O"o \"vbY"uN"v\" S"{X"O": S" O"s _\"Y"z \"vbY"p"{X"O": OY"sO@wz>
\"vbY"X"p_"r{Q{O" S"{X"O""VQz T"Y"s"pS"_Y" W"p\": $ pJu> {S"{J>T"Qu "u, W"O"pZz T""sT"{O"z,
E"ZN"@X"u T"pQpXV"sG"u, O"pL>Y"{O" C"n{O" _"{O" E"ZN"@X"uS" W"O"s

pJz> O"p{L>O"\"OY"pz
W"\"OY"p{X"OY"P": $ pJ>O"pL>S"z W"O"wT "Y"SO"z B"EF>O"r{O" W"O"pZz O"pL>Y"O"rOY"s{Zp"_"r{O"
O"p"T"Y"puB"p: X"`p@q\"{"b"p\""pQpY"pO"p: _"QY"QY"ppQ@p: $ O"u O"\", {E"ZpO"o
{E"Z@pX"S"s_Y"tO"z, SO""Y"z, \"vZ{X"OY"P": $ Q`S"@wO"z S"Y"S"p{"S"p pu^"N"@wO"z,
SX"t{O"\"O"p O"sp@pu{J>pN"v: O"sp S"tT"sZz @puJY> ": B"p{N", O"vZSO"B"O"p X"N"Y":
b"sC"NJ>pQY": bY"SO"u, O"u^"pz pN"v: {"{"O"v:, {@{{@{O"X"o {@{{@uOY"S"s@ZN"z
{\"G"{Y"S": _"sT"{_"X"o $ {@{{@{Z\": @wO" OY"P": $ "pS"qZT"sN"p X"SX"P"uS" $ X"SX"P"_Y"
"pS"z T"{O" qZT"sO\"z O"Qp {_"{X"{O" W"p\": $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù W"B"\"{O" ! X"w^"p
B"pue"_A"S"z @wO\"p P" \"vbY"S"{X"O"z W"O"pZz O"u E"ZN"@X"u pJu> O"pL>Y"{O" _"{O"
"pS"qZT"sN"p {E"ZpO"o Q`S"@wO"z SO""Y"z SX"t{O"\"O"p O"sp@pu{J>pN"v: {@{{@{O"X"o $
e"p{O""Y"pu{ZpZ:, O"sp@pu{J>pN"pS"pz {@{{@{O"R\"{S"O\"uS"pRY"\"_"pS"pO"o W"uQu
W"uQ{S"V"SR"S"p{O""Y"pu{: $$ 86 $$
u
] u uh u A mk ]UPsiUSx
PUS Ezvx |Qh mkz u
300
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -86
Azu. Eh mPzu u u Enx u Su. u Eh

u P ]x | Gmi Euzu. (C P
Tx u PP UQx.) ] GvP GsqQ
u ua _mhzu AvUPkuU Psk Eh PUP
Pmia]UP Gsn Au u Pu ] o J {a
\ux. Euzu P ] u PUP JPU Pmhx.
(86)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
T"sS"Z{T" pWY"pz T"pQp\"u\" \"N"Y"{O" - X"w^"u{O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ $ X"w^"p @wO\"p B"pue"_A"S"z
{X"PY"p_"T""rS"pX"B"`N"z {\"R"pY" P" \"vbY"S"{X"O"z _"pR\"_"W"p\"uS" S"{X"O"z W"O"pZz {"\"z Zpu^"pO"o
O"u E"ZN"Y"sB"u pJu> O"pL>Y"{O" _"{O", {E"ZpO"o SO""Y"z Q`S"@wO"z SX"r{O"\"O"p
UpS"Y"S"{\"{Ò"Qp`Ql:A"z SX"r{O"\"O"p rN"\"O"p "pS"qZT"sN"p, O"sp@pu{J>pN"v:
{@{{@{O"z {@{{@R\"{S"S"p T"`{_"O"z, T"t\"X"`z O\"Y"p QBR":, QpS"rX"`z X"pO"Zz "ZN"z
B"O":, {@z @O"s| _"X"P"pu& {_" ? {O" $ O"u O"sp@pu{J>pN"p S" W"\"{SO", {@SO"s "pS"qZT"sN"p
_"SO"pu^"uN" {@{{@{O"R\"{S": @wO" {O" T"l{O": $ e" "pS": qZT"sY"_Y"u{O" V"`l\"r{`: $ S"
O"s O"OT"s^": $ O"OT"s^"u _"{O" @pX"_Y"v\" \"RY"_Y"puO@^": _Y"pO"o $ Y"O": X"w^"p B"pue"_A"S"z
{\"R"pY"p{T" {"\": G"B"Q{XV"@pE"ZN"_T""| \"p{IF>O"\"pS"o, O": _X"QpQrS"pz T"ZQu\"O"pY"p:
E"ZN"_"u\"p T"sNY"v{\"S"p S" WY"O" {O" R\"{S": $$ 86 $$
Uzu
uUS A . } Ga _mhzu. |
ua \nhx. P \Q G E G \ i
GU P \ {zuu Gmi Euzu Pu ] QQ J
{a \ux. ] P uU Tmkz u
\n\zu UP. |US u \n
UQx G Cx uUQx. (86)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
T"pQpC"pO"\"N"S"pT"t\"@z T"pQ\"N"S"X"u\"p` - X"w^"u{O" $ ù Qu{\" ! X"w^"uOY"Y"X"r@u $
r@X"u\" B"pue"_A"S"z W"\"O_"T""rS"pX"B"`N"z @wO\"$ {\"R"pY", W"\""ZN"O"pL>S"G"{S"O"wpZZ_"pS"sV"sW"t^"Y"p, @puT"uS" {\"S"p O"QpW"pO"o, O"Qlp\"S"ùO"sW"tO"z _"T""rS"pX"B"`N"T"z T"ZpR"z
r@T"X"u\" {\"R"pY"uOY"P": $ P" {\"b"_Y" W"p\": \"vbY"z, O"uS" "Y"p S"{X"O"z S"X"z
_"T""rS"pX"B"`N"pT"ZpR"pO"o "Y"p T"rW"tO"z OY"P": $ B"pue"_A"S"{\"R"pS"Uz
301
Qu\"rE"ZN"T"`pZ_"pvW"pBY"{X"QpS"rX"u\" T"pT_Y"O"rOY"p"Y"uS"u{O" W"p\": $ W"O"pZ,z r@X"u\"

_"T""rS"pX"pS"tEY"
O\"QrY"T"pQT"G"T"`pZp{W"p{^"N"z
T"{O"z
{"\"z,
W"O"wO \"pO"o
wpZ"p{\"ZpuR"u&{T" "ppSO"Zp{\"ZpuR"pO"o T"pQT"`pZY"puBY"{X"OY"{W"_"z{R": $ O"u W"\"OY"p:
E"ZN"@X"u T"pQT"G"u, {W"c"u X"wQ
l u W"t^"N"O"p_"zT"pQ@u E"uOY"{W"_"z{R": $ pJu> {@u
O"pL>Y"{O" T"`Z{O" _"{O", _"T"Y"r@B"pue"pu"pZN"pT"ZpR"pO"o _\"_Y"p: O"pOT"Y"T"qZc"pS"_"pX"PY"T"Q"S"pY"p@pZW"uQ&u {T" O"EF>VQ\"pEY"p{@_P"pS"X"u\" {\"RY"{O" _"O"r{O" W"p\": $
Q`S"uS" pJ>p{"S"p, @wO"z {\"{Ò"z, @puT"p\"u"uS" _\"W"_X"r@ZN"T"z, {E"ZpO"o
{E"Z@pX"pZWY", SO"Zu {_P"O"z "Y"z "Y"T"pY"z \"vZ,z SX"r{O"\"O"p \"vZ{S"Y"pO"S"_Y"
\"rZR"X"O\"pO"o O"O_"X"Y"pW"pO"o O"OT"@J>Y"O"p $ SX"t{O"\"O"u{O" T"pKu> {E"ZR"wO"z
"Y"{X"QpS"rX"T"S"Y"O"p "pS"qZT"sN"p _X"ZuN", O"sp@puJ:>u T"pQpQ_Y" pN"v: R\"{S"{W":
T"pQpQz O"sp@pu{J>: {S"pN"pu {S"N": N": {O" E"pX"Z:$ O"spY"p S"tT"sZ_Y" @puJY> ":
B"p{N" $ O"v: SO"B"O"p: X"N"Y": b"sC"{NJ>@> p: bY"SO"u {O" bX"rR"Zpuz
@pu"{\"ZpuR"pQlT"ubY"X"o $ {@{{@{O"z, {@{{@R\"{S"{\"R"p{Y" G"pO"z, Qu\"rT"pQuS" {@u
O"p{L>O"u O"e" {_P"O"_Y" \"u: O"pL>S"pO"o O\"QpdY"uN" X"QS"uS" "pe"\"QT"{S"\"pZN"T"t\"@z {_"z`S"pQpu
{\"Z{E"O": $ {@{{@rOY"S"s@ZN""VQpO"o W"p\"u : $ {G"O""pe"\"QT"_Y" T"{O"c"pT"tZN"u @wO"u $
\"rZ_Y" B"{G"O": {_"z`S"pQ: {@{{@pZ\": {O" {\"": $ B"pue"_A"S"z {\"R"pY"p{T"
{"\"uS"pWY"E"S"rY"pu Y""ZN"C"pO": O"_X"v S"X"_@pZz @sX" OY"P": $ e"
_"pT"\"puOT"bu "p{O""Y"pu{WY"pz Qu\Y"p{dO"W"G"S"pC"\"p_"`S"z \"_O"s puOY"O"u $$ 86 $$
Anv
E u \n, { Axx. x,
Eh ASkzxx. ] \UPzv U Tx u E_ G
Ax A. Ax ] |z uUQx. Ax x
|UPs E Ch. u Gzu | Ax. |U Pso
Chzu Euzuu uUS E ]h Psiu
P u Gzu |UP Ai QhzxuUPsk GUPP
]UPzux. Euzu Pu ] Aua ]P A Pv ,
u ]uS A] G {zu. (86)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
X"w^"p@wO\"u{O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ O"u O"\" E"ZN"Y"sB"u W"O"pZz drX"`pQu\"z... @SQT"uN "
{@{{@{O"X"o$ {@{{@p"\Qz @wO\"p T"`{_"O"X"o $ {@zb"N"z W"O"pZ,z B"pue"_A"S"z @wO\"p
302
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -86
X"w^"p\"vbY"S"{X"O"z @w{e"X"W"Y"X"sOT"p S"{X"O"z, p`pY"| W"Y"z X"sBR"T"s^"_Y" S"rE"_Y"

_\"pW"p{\"@{X"{O" $ O"P"p E" W"ZO":- \"p_O"\"z @w{e"X"z E"u{O" W"Y"z uR"p {S"BpO"u $ rNppz E"
S"rE"T"@w O"u: T"s_z ": _Y"pp_O"\"z W"Y"X"o $ f"X"z X"RY"X"z T"s{z _" @w{e"X"z O"QlQpO"X"o $
_\"W"p\"pQW"Y"p\"uOY" rS"Zpv W"Y"_"zY"sO"pv {O" $ @Qp drX"`pQu\": T"p\"OY"pz _"X"rT"u
{\"X"pS"pY"pz S"\"R"pS"uS" B"p{Q_"T""rS"pX" B"w`rO"\"pS"o $ T""pO"o, X"w^"p @w{e"X"z W"Y"X"sOT"p
[_P"O"u O"QS"s @s p O"z W"rO"z E"ZNpY"sBpuS" pJ>u T"`pZz @wO"\"O"r $ O"Qp @SQT" T"`p_"z
@wO"\"pS"o $ O"sp@pu{J>pN"v: S"tT"sZ"VQEF>Su "uOY"P":$ {@zb"N"uS" "pS"qZT"sN"p,
Q`S"@wO"X"SO":"Y"z {E"ZpQlSX"t{O"\"O"p $ T"t\"X"`X"S"uS" S"ue"p{"S"p QBR":, O"QS"s
G"B"Qz{V"@pE"ZN"z pZNpX"p{_P"O"pu&`X"o $ X"SX"pO"wE"ZN"pWY"pz E" O"p{L>O": $ QpS"rX"S"uS"
{@X"_X"p@z W"\"O"rOY"sT"`p_"z @wO"\"O"p $ T"Zu O"s X"w^"p B"pue"_A"S"z @wO\"u{O" Y"puG"Y"{SO" $
O"QpY"X"P":- "Z_Y" X"S"{_" EF>p G"pO"p, Y"OT"X"u"ZrT"pQT"`pZ: @P"z _X"p@z W"\"uO"o ?
T"ZpR"z {\"S"p S" W"\"O"r{O" $ {X"PY"v\" _"T""rS"pX" "pZY"S"o T"p\"OY"p T"pQT"`pZuN" Ò" {O" $
O"pu {X"PY"p B"pue"_A"S"z @wO\"p{T" {"\"pu Y"_Y"p: E"ZN"_T""| \"p{IF>O"\"pS"o, _X"QpQrS"pz
X"`pT"sNY"z {\"S"p O"\" _"u\"p @P"z C"JuO> "u{O" W"p\": $
S"S"s e" T"ZX"u"Zr _\"@Y"p f"X"p S"p{Y"@p $ O"_Y"p_O"s E"up> "rZb"p pvY"z b"X"p
T"{O""sd^t "p E"u{O" $ Y"P"p X"O@wO"pY"pz wpZX""Y"p| _\"@Y"S"p{Y"@pS"pY"@Y"puQp`ZN"u @pSO"p X"{SQZQu`r S" E"ZN"SY"p_"pu X"`p_"pR\"_":, T"e"_T"w@o UW"s@o \"p E" S" \"p
_"z@u O"@pvO"t`X"o $ O"P"p @pSO": T"pO"T"pB"O": {T"Y"\"R"t\"vQBRY"X"spqO": T"OY"sOP"pY"
_"sp{O""O"sZY"p UsvB "zW"pu`v: $ _"zpTY" {_X"O"_"sSQZT"{O"\"E":T"rY"t^"T"pP"puR"Zv: T"puY"\""rO"u _O"S"O"Ju> `pZp{QW"pZpuT"X": $$ O"O@P"z X"`puf"X"pY"p: @spS"pY"p: {e"W"s\"S"u"Y"p
W"\"Zb"pY"p: @X"S"rY"O"X"u @pSO"u pJu> T"ZX"pOX"p{R">pS"W"tO"u&{T" G"C"SY"p\"Y"\"_Y"
E"ZN"_Y"pC"pO"pu Y"sGY"uO"u{O" $ Y"Qp drX"`pQu\"_Y"uEF>p G"pO"p Y"Q`z T""rVR"T"`pZG"{S"O"z
_"sA"X"S"sW"\"pX"r{O", O"Qp @wO"@pT"ZpR"X"pOX"{S" T"@pY" W"B"\"OY"p `{O"z T"p"\"p{S"{O"
Y"f"O_"rOY"X"pS"X"{T" B"pXY"O"pX"pT"pQY"{O" $ {@" _\"@Y"p @"_\"W"p\"p \"p_O"s, T"Zz O"s
_\"@Y"puf"X"pY"p: _\"W"p\"T"qZOY"pB"pu S" Y"sGY"O"u $ _\"W"p\"" @pX""pu - @pSO"u @wO"pB"{_" S"
{` {T"Y"X"{T"Y"z \"p \"{ @s p{T" A"s Y"pu{^"{Q{O" $ \"rbY"O"u E", _\"T"u&{T" O"s^Y"{O" S"sS"Y"u,
{S"B"tM
> "p X"S"pu`ZO"Zz ZX"O"u ZO"u&{T"$
SY"u O"s \"Q{SO" _"\"p_"pz S"p{Y"@pS"pX"\"_P"p_\"\"{_P"O"p W"B"\"O"r O"uS" O"_Y"p
303
S"p{Y"@pY"p \"_P"pX"pQ"Y"{O" $ O"Qe"pR"X"S"p{Y"@pE"up> _\"p\"{_P"O"p T"Q{"O"u{O", S" E"uQz

_"OY"z, O"O\"u @p{T" S"p{Y"@p O"f"Q\"_P"pW"uQSu " {W""p W"\"{O" {O" O"s
>{\"R"S"p{Y"@p{W"T"pY"pO"o $ Y"P"p @v\" S"p{Y"@p \"p_"@_""p W"tO\"p {\"T"VR"p W"\"{O",
O"QS"s _"p {W"_"pqZ@p, O"QS"s A"{NL>O"p, @`pSO"qZO"p{T" W"\"{O" $ O"P"p{\"R"p_O"s
S"puf"X"pQY": $ f"X"O\"pQY"pu R"X"p_O"s Y"p\"Qo\Y"W"p{\"S": $ SY"P"p _"rO"p_"p{\"e"rpuT"pX"sp{X"NY"SR"O"rT"W"wO"rS"pX"{T" @Qp{E"Qu\"z dtY"uO" $ S" {` O"p_"pz {T"Y"O"X"p {W""Z_"p_\"pQ{\"X"sA"p:, O"p \"p Z_"pS"{W"c"p {O" $ O"_X"pO"o, Y"p f"X"p _"p Y"p\"EF>ZrZX"sf"X"v\" $
O"_X"pOT"{NL>O"vZOu "{E"pZN"rY"X"u\" $ SY"P"p Y"P"puf"X"pO\"OY"pB"_O"P"p _\"@Y"pO\"OY"pB"pu&{T"
O"_Y"p: $ O"" S" C"J>O"u Y"O"pu X"`pQu\"z {Ò\"p O"\" _"{O" _"O"rS"pX"E"ZX"u @sE"pWY"pX"p_":
@sZ\"@O"ZpuZTY"_"sW": {O" \"bY"X"pN"O\"pO"o $$ 86 $$
BuQ
EP Eu. Cv u |kQx. u
]u vuP GkzxUPmhP C. u ^zu xPx,
\, , vUS oh Gv Psq
Pzx. C u v | P Cizu GU Tx
x? ] uh \PPU Pzuz ysizu
uUS Cuz ush si. P\mh
PuUS Cv Ci K C CUP G A{ u
\ux |hUS Jux. P uzvu i
Auz u |ui ]z u PUP vzvUP. u
vuP { & w| A\. uz u &
zuU Th zu wshu. u z S\ B[P:
SPu A: G (96_) z xvUQ. Cx \ ]vUP siu.
(86)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
X"w^"u{O" $ ù X"wLp> {S", "pS"qZT"sN"p @pX"Qu\"uS" O"sp@pu{J>pN"v: O"spY"p S"tT"sZ_Y" @puJY> ":
O"QSO"B"O"X"N"Y":, O"u^"pz pN"p: "VQp: O"v: {@{{@{O"z {@{{@{Zp\": @wO": "VQpL>XV"Zz
{\"S"p {@{@{Zp\": {_"z`S"pQpu S" {_"RY"O"r{O" $ @{_X"S_"{O", T"sZp @Qp{E"O_"zW"puB"_"X"Y"u O"u
O"\" E"ZN"@X"u T"pQ_"Zpuù W"O"pZz pJu> O"pL>Y"{O" _"{O" T"`Z{O" _"{O" $ @pX"Qu\"uS"
{\"G"wXW"X"pN"pS"SQuS" O"uS"v\" ùO"sS"p T"t\"| X"`pO"T"_\"r X"pz {G"O"\"pS"o $ _" {O\"QpS"rz X"X"
X"pO"s"ZN"O"pL>S"_Y" T"pe"z G"pO": $ X"Y"v\" wpZZ_"uS" {\"{G"O": rE"ZN"pC"pO"T"pe"z G"pO" {O"
\"E"S"p{S" @wO\"p {@{{@{O"p{X"{O" T"t\"uN p _"zV"SR":$ {@z{\"R"z W"O"pZ,z X"w^"p {X"PY"p,
304
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -86
Bppue"_A"{O"z @wO\"p B"pue"_Y" S"pX"n: _A"{O"z \Y"OY"p_"z _"T""rS"pX"B"`N"z @wO\"p, P"pS"SO"Zz

\"vbY"S"{X"O"z \"vbY"uN" S"{X"O"z "Y"p {\"S"rO"z, QpS"rX"u\" X"{Y" E"ZN"O"pL>S"_"pvW"pBY"z
W"{\"^Y"O"r{O" p"Y"v\" {\"S"O"z T"rW"tO"z, {@z{\"R"uS" "pS"qZT"sN"p {E"ZpO"o {E"Z@pz
Q`S"@wO"z "Y"z Ql:A"X"SO": O@{O"\"O"p _X"wO"\"O"p, Y"p\"" @uS"pTY"Y"X"{W"Ò":, Qz
_"pR"s G"pO"z, Y"pJu&> {W"Ò"{X"{O" G"pS"O"p $ e"uQz Z`_Y"z, @pX"Qu\"_Y" B"{G"O"X"sW"Y"P"p
W"\"{O" $ "e"sQT"b"Y"uN" T"{O"c"pT"tZN"uS" E" $ O"QlW"Y"X"{T" W"B"\"OY"p: T"_"pQpO_"zT""X"o $ Y"pu X"pz
{G"O"\"pS"o, _" X"Y"p {G"O" {O" "e"s{O"Z_@pZuN" {@{{@{Zp\": $ P" Z{O"ZX"N"uS" X"X"
_"\"X"pu`S" {O" T"{_"{: $ _"p {"\"uS" X"X" @s{NK>O> "p $ T""pf"_Y"{T" X"pu`S"uS"
_"\"X"pu`S"T"{_"{X"Y"p T"p"p $ O" \"pS"SQpW"p{_X"wO"Ql:A"uS" {@{{@{Zp\": @wO" {O"
W"p\": $$ 86 $$
uzw
E P ]P oP Eu J G u
]h \UP Pmi. uzvu ]h | Pzuz
ysi. ] G Ax . C u PP
CiUPmh. Cx | G u Ezv ]zxU
Psh. ia ]zu. Axu ]PU Pmhx.
vu | UQu GUS US G P. Au ] A
. C | . G u Buzv u
uxUPzu u. (86)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
T"sS"Z{T" {@{"QlOT"bu "X"pN""ZN"z \"N"Y"{O" - X"w^"u{O" $ ù G"S"{S", O"u O"\" E"ZN"@X"u
W"O"pZz drX"`pQu\"z pJu> O"pL>Y"{O" _"{O", "pS"qZT"sN"p @SQT"uN " O"sp@pu{J>pN"vX""rZ"VQv:
{@{{@{O"X"o $ "e"sT"ZpG"Y"X"pbY"pu"v: "VQ: @wO" OY"P": $ O"sp@pu{J>pN"vqZOY"e"
T"@w OY"p {QWY"_O"wO"rY"u{O" O"wO"rY"p $ Q`S"@wO"z Qp`G"SY"z SO":"Y"z QY""Y"{X"\"
\"vZX"sSX"t{O"\"O"p O_"p{QO"\"O"p {O" "pS"qZT"s{\""u^"N"X"o $ W"O"s_ O"pL>S"u ùO"sz \"QS"o W"O"pZz
{\"{"S"{> - B"pue"u S"p{X"n _A"S"z SY"P"pu"pZN"z @wO\"p, P" X"w^"p \"vbY"z O"uS" T"Y"puG"@@e"p
S"{X"O"X"o $ {E"ZpQ\Y"Y"X"o $ V"`l@p{X"OY"P": $$ 86 $$
uzu\vP
P u UP. (86)
305
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù T"ZX"u"qZ ! O"\" E"ZN"_"pvW"pBY"z T"sS": {@z \"N"Y"pX":? O"P"p{T" dtY"O"pX"o $ T"sZp
@Qp{E"O_"zW"puB"_"X"Y"u X"`pQu\": O\""ZN"O"pL>S"G"{S"O"wpZX"S"sV"sW"t^"s: O"pW": @puT"uS" {\"S"p
S"p_O"r{O" X"w^"v\" B"pue"_A"S"z @wO"\"pS"o $ O"O@wO\"p, P" S"SO"Zz \"vbY"S"{X"O"z "Y"p
{\"S"O"z, QpS"rX"u\" X"X" E"ZN"O"pL>S"_"pvW"pBY"z W"{\"^Y"O"rOY"p"Y"p \"z {\"S"O"z T"rW"tO"z
X"`pQu\"z W"O"pZz @X", O"u O"\" E"ZN"@X"u T"pQ_"Zpuù O"pL>Y"{O" _"{O" pJu> T"`Z{O",
@pX"Qu\"uS" {\"G"w{XW"O"pS"SQuS", O"uS"v\" ùO"sS"p T"t\"| X"`pO"T"_\"r X"pz {G"O"\"pS"o, _" O"s QpS"rz X"X"
X"pO"s: E"ZN"O"pL>S"_Y" T"pe"z G"pO":, R"sS"p X"Y"v\" wpZV"pN"uS" {\"{G"O":, rE"ZN"pC"pO"T"pe"z
G"pO": {O" \"E"S"p{S" O\"p "pS"qZT"sN"p @pX"Qu\"uS" {@{{@{O"z {@{{@pZp\": @wO": $
@uS" @ZN"uS", O"sp@pu{J>pN"v: S"tT"sZ"VQu: @ZN"W"tO"v: $ "VQpL>XV"Zz {\"S"p {@{{@pZp\"pu S"
{_"RY"{O" $ {@{{@pZp\"pu S"pX" {_"z`S"pQ: $ {G"O""pe"\"QT"_Y" T"{O"c"pT"tZN"u @wO"u $ \"rZ_Y"
B"{G"O"z {_"z`S"pQ: {@{{@p O"P"p $$ {O" {\"": $ @pX"_Y" B"{G"O"z W"Y"P"p W"\"{O",
"e"sQT"b"Y"uN" T"{O"c"pT"tZN"uS" E" $ @pX"_Y" O"QlW"Y"X"{T" W"B"\"OY"p: T"_"pQpO_"zT""X"o $ Y"pu X"pz
{G"O"\"pS"o _" X"Y"p {G"O":, rT"ZpY"N"pu G"pO" {O" "e"s{O"Z_@pZuN"v\" E" {@{{@pZp\": $
X"X" T"{O"c"pT"tZN"u E" "\"X"pu`S"uS" _"\"X"pu`S"T"{_"{:$ `z {"\"uS" @s{NK>O":, T""pf"_Y"p{T"
X"pu`S"uS" _"\"X"pu`S"T"{_"{: X"Y"p T"p"p $ \"rZ_Y"p{O""Y": A"s _\"T"{O"c"pT"tZN"X"o $
pS"SQpW"u _"{O" T"t\"pS"sW"tO"_Y" Ql:A"_Y" {\"_X"ZN"X"u\" W"\"{O" $ Y"O": @pX"uS"
X"`pQu\"puE"S"@wO"uS" Q`S"uS" @wO"z _"zT"p{QO"X"SO"p:"Y"z WY"SO"Zu T"ZpW"\"@{O"X"sSX"r{O"z,
O" \" O"QlSX"t{O"\"O"p @pX"Qu\"uS"pS"SQpW"pO"o {\"_X"wO"Ql:A"uS" {@{{@pZp\": @wO": $$
86 $$
isi
u UP.
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
X"w^"p @wO\"u{O" - O"\" E"ZN"@X"u, W"O"pZz {"\"z pJu> O"pL>Y"{O" _"{O" O"sp@pu{J>pN"v:
S"tT"sZR\"{S"{W": "pS"qZT"sN"p @pX"uS" {@{{@{O"z "pvY"uN" B"{G"O"X"o - {G"O""pe"\"QT"_Y"
T"{O"c"pT"tZN"u @wO"u $ \"rZ_Y" B"{G"O"z {_"z`S"pQ: {@{{@p O"P"p $ {O" {\"": $ W"O"pZz
@"z? X"w^"p {X"PY"p \" B"pue"_A"S"z O\"QSY"rS"pX"B"`N"z @wO\"p P"pS"SO"Zz \"vbY"uN"
"p@wO"uS" S"{X"O"z S"X"X"o $ "pS"qZT"sN"p @"uS" ? {E"ZpQo V"`l@pX"pZWY" Q`S"@wO"z
306
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -87
{"\"pJ>puE"S"pS"_"zT"p{QO"z "Y"z Ql:A"X"sSX"t{O"\"O"p QmZr@s\"O"p SX"r{O"\"O"u{O" T"pKu>

p{\"^@wO"\"O"p T"t\"\"vZ_Y" {S"^@Y"z @s\"O"uOY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - E"ZN"@X"u W"wB"pu"ZN"pXV"sG"u
{X"Sz p{O" S"sB"wp{O" {O" pu {\"^N"s_O"X"J>{O" T"_"T"O"r{O" pJ>p : bX"r_O"_Y"p
W"O"pZz {\"^N"sz O\"pz O"pL>Y"{O" _"{O", Q`{O", Q`{O" T"Y"@pu G"B"{Q{O" Q`S"pu X"`p:
O"O@wO"X"SO": "Y"X"T"X"pS"T"X"o, SX"r{O"\"O"p O"u O"\" "pS"qZT"sN"p W"wB"sN"p, ù O"s !
Qu\"pSO"ZvZO"sY" ! p _"XV"puR"S"u, @pu{J>pN"v: @pu{J>"VQv: {@{{@{O"z B"{G"O"z, pJu> W"O"pZ,z
@"z _A"S"z ? _\"X"pB"pO"o T"EY"\"T"z, e"p{_X"S"o W"wB"pv pB": T"ZpR"z X"w^"p @wO\"p
O"\"pY"X"T"ZpR"pu S" W"\"O"r{O" OY"p{Q\"E"S"uS"pT"ZpR""p{SO"z @wO\"p P"pS"SO"Zz \"vbY"uN"
X"QrY"@{K>S"QY"p{W"C"pO"uS" O"\" E"ZN"@X"X"{O"@puX"z \Y"{P"O"{X"{O" {\"^"pQpQo {\"@pZuN" S"{X"O"z
S"X"{X"OY"P": $ e" T"t\"| W"wB"s: V""{\"^N"spN"pz X"RY"u @: du>O"X" {O" {G"c"p{_"O"sz V""N"pu
{S"SQpz @wO\"p O"O"pu&T"X"pS"z T"pTY" {S"@Ju> B"O": O"uS"p{qO"sX"pZVR"uS" W"\"pS"o {T""pE"p{Q_"A":
X""pS"\"p_"r S" X"Y"p{S"rY" {O" O"{"SQpX"@ZpuO"o, O"O"{"tuS" uN"p{W"Ò"pu \"v@sNKu>
bXY"p _"` _"s"_Y" {\"^N"pu\"b"{_" E"ZN"C"pO"X"QpO"o $ O"O"pu W"B"\"O"p _"V"`lX"pS"z, `pu @K>puZu
X"QrY"u \"b"{_" Ql V " _Y" O"\" T"pQ_Y" _T""pu X"`Qo Q l : A"X"s T "G"S"{Y"^Y"O"r{O" {W"R"pY"
O"OT"pQ_"z\"p`S"X"pZVR"z, O"O"pu&{O"b"X"p\"SO"z bX"r@pSO"X"u\" _"\"p{R"@z W"wB"sZX"SY"O"u{O" T"pvZp{N"@
@P"p $$ 86 $$
Pu
EP E UP. qzv & S
zvP ]u G B mh. U PkPz
vmh Pzuh A Avzu. ]h \x ]
CU Pmi Anzu. } zv C. \_P u, |
E AnzxU Pmh GUT JxUQ. v`zu ]
uUQ. C P\k Gz wzx Sshzv
h \zvu q AqQ Euzu. q
Gx Pk h G mh E vi |S G T S
viP izxmh. o UP q ]u
G S {nzu G. v`zu uUPu ] Gv q
uzxh Hx C[S Sh Qx. (86)
pS"SQ`Zr
X"w^"u{O" $ O"u O"\" E"ZN"@X"u, Y"sB"u OY"{T" T"pK>pSO"ZX"o $ W"O"pZz {"\"z pJu> O"pL>Y"{O"
_"{O" "pS"qZT"sN"p @pX"uS" O"sp@pu{J>pN"v: S"tT"sZR\"{S"{W": {@{{@{O"z {_"z`S"pQ: @wO": $
E"ZNppv - \n[P
307
@"z W"O"pZ,z X"w^"p {X"PY"pV"s{T"t\"@{X"{O" Y"p\"O"o $ B"pue"_A"S"z O\"QSY"rS"pX"B"`N"z @wO\"p,

{_P"O"{X"{O" "u ^ ": $ SY"P"p O\"pT" O Y"Y"pQpS"SO"Y"u N " P"u O Y"_Y" \"v Y "PY"p O "o $ P"
O\"O@puT"Q"S"pS"SO"Zz \"vbY"uN" "Y"p S"{X"O"z S"X"X"o $ @pX"uS" @"uS", Q`S"uS" Upp{"S"p
@wO"z SO":"Y"z Qp`G"SY"X"S"puQl:A"z {E"ZpQlSX"t{O"\"O"p QmZr@s\"O"p Y"uS" {"\"pJ>p{"S"p
`z QBR": O"_Y"uQpS"rz X"Y"p T"pQT"`pZ: @pqZO" {O" `^"p{E"pZY"O"uOY"P": $ SX"r{O"\"O"u{O"
T"pKu> T"@p{"O"\"O"uOY"P": $ T"t\"| O\"z X"pz QBR"\"pS"{_" $ QpS"rz X"O@wO"z {O"Z_@pZX"S"sW"\"uOY"u\"z
@X"uN"uOY"P": $ {G"O""pe"\"QT"_Y" T"{O"c"pT"tZN"u @wO"u $ \"rZ_Y" B"{G"O"z {_"z`S"pQ: {@{{@p
O"P"u{O" {\""T": $ OT"ub"pP"| @u\""VQpu&e"pRY"p`pY": $$ 86 $$
Bu &
EP uu UP C[S. (86)
*
{`X"pS"r`SO"\Y"z {`X"{BpqZ {S"\"p_"v@E"O"sZpv1

{S""pY"pz {S"pN"z {S"{" E"ZX"W"pB"u2 E" {\""Qpv3 $
4
\"Zz bX"rT"pe"z {dY"X"{O"_"wG"SO"pv 5_"X"{Y"S"pz
_"ZpuG"z O\"OT"pQpv G"S"{S" G"Y"O"{"e"{X"` {@X"o $$ 87 $$
}u Q{P\x 1
{\ {zn {] \P \ 2 \u 3 >
4
z avu | 5
zzu |{ ua]zQ >> 87 >>
1. O"J>p@p[SO"E"O"sZpv
- {E"Zpv uhUv \x & ] 2. E" T"ZW"pBpu E", E"

T"ZW"pBpuS" \P \, \ P| 3. {E"Zpv ]. 4. T"Zz, 5.T"Np{Y"S"pz n|.
u:& {& u ! zzu & E viP, Q{P
] & SiuP u] AP, {]
\P \ \u (]) C uzx Au Sv (P)
uu. | a Avu & u EPPUS ÛP
UP & \z uzxU Pmi [S. }u
US i ASx {\ {zn. C Cu
308
izy[Sx z USa ]u ChP mk

Cx u: u Q. C ]z Q Cv
uP Ex?
uz Uu G u |.
bX"rR"Zp
{`X"pS"r`SO"\Y"z {`X"pSY"p {`X"_"zÒY"p `SO"\Y"z S"p{"O"\Y"z, {`X"{B"qZ{S"\"p_"v@E"O"sZpv
_"\"Qp {`X"{B"Zp\"u\" \"_"SO"p{\"OY"P": $ {S""pY"pz "\"Y"p|, {S"pN"z X"s@s {O"z, {S"{" E"ZX"W"pB"u
{\"pQpv T"_""pv, E"uO"S"ppu: O"e"v\"puOT"f"uqZ{O" W"p\": $ E"@pZpO"o {Q\"p&{T"
T"_""p{\"OY"P": $ \"Zz {T_"O"z, bX"rT"pe"z bXY"p {R"{>O"{X"OY"P": {dY"z bX"rz,
{O"_"wG"SO"pv OT"pQY"SO"pv, _"X"{Y"S"pz _\"W"pS"pz, _"X"Y"_\"T"z O"\"pR"pZu X"tu (47
pu) {O" pu@u {S"{T"O"X"o $ _"ZpuG"z @X"z @X"W"tO"z, O\"OT"pQpv G"S"{S" ! ù X"pO": ! G"Y"O":
{\"G"Y"uO"u $ {E"e"z p"Y"|, ` {_X""P"u, {@z S" {@X"T"rOY"P": $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù
G"S"{S" ! {`X"{B"qZ{S"\"p_"v@E"O"sZpv {S"{" E"ZX"W"pB"u E" {\""Qpv _"X"{Y"S"pz {dY"X"{O"_"wG"SO"pv
O\"OT"pQpv {`X"pS"r`SO"\Y"z {S""pY"pz {S"pN"z \"Zz bX"rT"pe"z _"ZpuG"z G"Y"O":; ` {@z {E"e"z,
p{R"Y"_Y" _UsJ>O\"p{QOY"P": $ e" \Y"{O"Zu@ppZ: _UsJ>: $$ 87 $$
u
u ! E viPsk ]v |S ua]
. C iP P Th uP v,
u kQ \ UuPUSa \ [S.
CSz u DhS? A _[Q AS. C
a] Sx i. Ah u Au
[P Cx. Au u E viP v x?
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
{`X"pS"r{O" $ ù G"S"{S" ! O"\" T"pQpv _"ZpuG"z G"Y"O": $ ` {@z {E"e"X"o ? Y"O": _"ZpuG"z
{`X"pS"r`SO"\Y"z, {`X"{B"qZO"J>p@p{SO"E"O"sZpv O"\" T"pQpv $ {S""pY"pz {S"pN"z X"s@s{O"z, {S"{" E"
T"ZW"pB"u E" {\""Qpv, Zp{e"z{Q\"z {\"@_\"Zpv $ T"Zz bX"rT"pe"z, bXY"p pR"pZW"tO"z; _"X"{Y"S"pz
W"\""ZN"W"{W"p\"T"{O"T"pQ@"p{S">pS"pz {dY"X"{O"_"wG"SO"pv $ O"p"pv O"\" T"pQpv _"ZpuG"z
G"Y"O":$ e" @pu {\"_X"Y": ? e"puT"X"pS"z O"sEFr@wOY"puT"X"uY"_Y"p{O""Y"T"{O"T"pQS"pQ{O""Y"pu{:
$$ 87 $$
E"ZNppv - \n[P
309
Uzu
u UP (87)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
T"pQp\"u\" \"N"Y"{O" - {`X"pS"r{O" $ ù G"S"{S", _"X"_O"G"B"SX"pO":, Qu{\" ! {`X"T"R"pS"pu
{B"qZ: {`X"{B"qZ:, O"e" {S"\"p_"u {_P"O"pv @{_X"S"o E"O"sZpv @s"pv {S"ZSO"Zz
{`X"\"O@wO"_""pZp\"{T" {`X"V"pR"pZ{Ò"pv b"rN""puW"pv E"uOY"P": $ O"P"p {S"{" Zpe"pv,
E"ZX"W"pB"u T""ppB"u E" {\""Qpv T"_""pv {\"@{_"O"p{\"OY"P": $ {S"{" E" T"ZW"pB"u E"
{\""Qp{\"{O" T"pKu,> Zpe"pv T"ZW"pB"u B"sN"puO@^"u E" $ T"ZW"pBppu BpsNppupO@^"u OY"X"Z:$ T"ZW"pB"pu
W"\"uN"Y"_"z_"B"G"p {E": OY"{W"Y"spuu :, Zpe"u_O"X":T"R"pS"O\"pO"o S"r@pSOY"p:,
T"pQY"puZN"O\"pf"O@pSOY"p" X"uS"uS" {X"d\"N"u E" _"{O" {\""Qp{\"OY"P": $ O"P"p, _"X"Y":
Qu\"rE"ZN"W"{W"p\"T"{O"T"pQ@z "pz pSO"ZT"tG"pT"R"pS"X"u^"pX"_O"r{O" _"X"{Y"S": $ O"
{S"K>S"pv {O" X"O\"P"rY" {O": $ O"u^"pz _"X"Y"pE"pZO"OT"ZpN"pX"o $ p{\"W"\"OT"s@_"z`{O"{W":
"ZrZv: {S"^Y"SQX"pS"_"{vS"Y"S"v" {S"OY"X"o $ \"p{BW"" B"QT"Qp{W"T"p_"O"u Y"u T"pQpv O"\"pXV"
W"s\"S"u^"s O" \" R"SY"p: $$ OY"XV"p_O"\"puu : $ \"X"sT"p_"S"Y"p R"SY"O"pz T"p"pS"pz, {dY"z
\"p{IF>O"p{R"@pz bX"rz X"`Qv"Y"X"{O"_"wG"SO"pv $ T"p{_"O"Y"pu: W"\"OT"QpVG"Y"pu"
\"p{IF>O"p{R"@UT"QpO"wO\"z Qu\"rX"p`pOXY"u - O"pX"sT"v{` X"`pZpG" "ZN"z T"ZX"u"ZrX"o $
pZp{R"O"p _"v\" S"wN"pz W"puB"_\"B"pT"\"B"Qp $$ {O" _"p@Y"uS" Qu\"rX"p`pOXY"z \"QO"pu X"sS"uZS"sc"Y"p
Y"P"p"pz O"T"_Y"O"pu: S"SY"X"S"_@O"Y"p {e"\"^"T"Y"SO"z W"B"\"O"rT"pQpXV"sG"X"pZpR"Y"O"pu:
_"sZP"_"X"p{R"S"pX"R"uY"Y"pu: ZpG"\"vY"Y"pu: OY"sO@J>X"W"rz,> _\"T"vZ`pu{W"S"wT "O"u _\"z ZpGY"z
T"pT_Y"O"u W"\"pS"o $ Ò\"p qZT"tS"A"{O"z O"\" O"e" W"{\"^Y"{O" $$ X"wO"" W"tY": _"zT"pTY" G"SX"
Qu\"p{\"_\"O": $ _"p\"{N"@pu S"pX" X"S"sW"\"pSW"s{\" W"{\"^Y"{O" $$ \"vY"\"Y" O\"Y"p Y""
\"Zpu&_X"f"pu&{W"\"p{IF>O": $ O"z T"Y"EF>p{X" _"z{_"RY"v O"\" c"pS"z W"{\"^Y"{O" $$ OY"p{Q\"E"S"v:
X"S\"SO"Zp{R"T"OY"{S"^@c"pS"T"z QQOY"p O\"Y"v\"p{\"^@wO"{X"{O" W"p\": $ z E" E"E"p_O"\"u
- T"wP\"rW"sG"pu&TY"sQY"S"T"\"Z_Y" O"_Y" {\"pR"ZT"N"O"E"s{XV"O"T"pQT"rK>: $ O""@\"{O"T"Q\"rT"N"Y": _" ^" O\"OT"pQT"G"ZG":@N"G": T"_"pQ: $$ bX"r\""r@ZN"@X"{N" @p{X"S"rS"pX"p@^"N"\Y"{O"@Zu^"s E" {_"X"Se": $ S"rZSR"X"pu`{O"{X"Z{EF>QZl T"QrT"pu Qu{\" O\"Qz{C"G"{S"O"pu
G"Y"{O" T"_"pQ: $$ {O" $ pE"pY"v " T"pB"u\" {S"{T"O"z, W"Y"pO"o e"pO"sz OY"p{QS"p
Qu\"rE"ZN"Y"puO@J>UQpO"wO\"{X"OY"X"o $ Y"p, _"X"{Y"S"pz W"\"OT"pQpXV"sG"z, pu@_Y"
310
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -87
pZX"{E"X"OT"{\"e"z OY"p{Qds{O"T"pX"pNY"pQWY"sT"uOY" QY"u T"p_"O"pz W"pS"pz {dY"z

_"\"{\"O"@{\"Y"T"t\"@z _\"T"@p"S"T"pz bX"rX"{O"_"wG"SO"pv $ W"B"\"O"rE"ZN"RY"pS"z {\"S"p
_"X"{Y"O"@G"pEFuQ> S"pW"p\"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ Y"P"puX"XV"p_O"\"u - Y"p\"OT"Zz T"Q_"ZpuG"Y"sB"z
O\"QrY"z S"pr@Zpu{^" QY"u^"s G"B"EF>ZNY"u $ O"p\"{@T"G"{J>p: @s{J>T"@pZp_O"@B"`p:
_"X"{Y"S"pz T"Y"z S" Y"p{SO" $$ {O" $ \"z{\"R"pv O\"OT"pQpv, W"\"OY"p"ZN"pv $ {`X"pS"r
{`X"_"z`qO": {O" X"Z: $ S\"N"W"\"uO\"p{QS"p {`X"pZNY"Y"puX"Ò\"u {O" D>r^"pS"s@pv $
O"Y"p b"N"{\"S"p- {"SY"p rX"pe"uN" E"u{O" R\"{S": $ `SO"sX"`| `SO"\Y"z, {`z{_"O"sX"`|,
{\"S"p"Y"Y"s{X"OY"P": $ O" \" {S"OY"{`X"\"OT"Qu "E"qZ^N"sW"\"OT"QT">G"puT"X"pS"rW"{\"O"sz S"
T"W"\"O"rOY"{W"T"pY": $ @Qp, {S""pY"pz Zpe"pv @_Y"p{"Or_"X"rT"u E"u{O" R\"{S": $ {S"pN"z
X"s@s S""rz Zp{e"{SQ\"z T"Us W"\"OT"Q_"pXY"pS"`| {O" W"p\": $ T"Zz OY"SO"X"r^"p bXY"p:
T"pe"z ZX"pY"p {R">pS"W"tO"z, O"O"o W"\"OT"pQ\"Q{A"up> P"{\"O"ZN"R"sZrN"{X"{O" W"p\": $ \"z{\"R"z
_"ZpuG"z OT"{f"O"pu&TY"{O"O"sEF>O"Y"p SY"tS"B"sN"\"f"Y"p E" {\"G"Y"T"{O"W"J>rW"{\"O"sX"S"`{X"{O"
W"p\": $ G"Y"O"pu {\"G"Y"uO"u $ ` {@z {E"e"z p"Y"X"o ? T"@pZuN"puO@w>B"sN"\"pz
`rS"B"sN"\"OT"ZpG"Y"pu S"plO"@Z: {O" W"p\":$ e" \Y"{O"Zu@ppZuN" Qu\"rE"ZN"Y"pu: _"\"Qp
W"G"S"rY"O"p puOY"O"u $$ 87 $$
Anv
u ! P }. g\zx Q Av E \n[P
ux. Pk C P h x.
kUSa \ [S. u G Pmi
E mh u G A\ v G ] Uv
b P E mh . Eu A\
zuP \Uzv B. \kzxu u a &
BPnP E vi kx x EuQ v \Uv
Pshx. P, A G Chh A x,
mi S Hx | I A x. CzuP E
\n[PUS EPz uU Px Gi? Ax CS |
Gvx. \ x. C y[Sx, |hhux, kx.
Pnzv Ax & , uPPP Ah u, AUP
Cux. E \n h Hx. (87)
pS"SQ{Bp{ZY"p
{`X"pS"r{O" $ ù G"S"{S" O"\" T"pQpv E"ZN"pv _"ZpuG"z @X"z G"Y"O": $ e" {@z {E"e"z
{@X"p"Y"X"o? O"\" T"pQp\"OY"SO"z _"p{O""Y"pv, _"ZpuG"z SY"tS"B"sN"z, O"uS" S" _"X"X"o $
E"ZNppv - \n[P
311
G"Y"T"ZpG"Y"{\"E"pZpu&TY"C"J>X"pS": _"X"O\"pW"p\"pO"o $ _"X"O\"pW"p\" \" {@zb"N": ? _"ZpuG"z

{`X"@{@Y"p{T" `SO"\Y"X"o Y"{T" {`X"pS"r {`X"_"z`{O":, O"P"p{T" F>SQpu&S"sZpuR"pO"o,
{`X"pS"rT"Qz b"N"Y"p @Qu"T"ZX"o$ O"\" E"ZN"pv @"pv, {`X"{B"qZO"J>p@p{SO"{E"Zpv, Y"Qp
O\"z {T"O"wB"wù V"p{@p _"O"r {O">:, O"Qv\" {`X"{B"qZO"Ju> @L>pP"| E"SO"r {`X"_"X"t`pS"pX"{T"
X"t{R"n T"Qz QO\"p A"u{_", O"Q{O"{`X"p@pSOY"p{T" {E"Zp\"u\" O"\" E"ZN"pv $ QpS"rz O"s
Y"pv\"O"puSX"Qp{QS"p _"@_"pvSQY"_"X"w{_"X"wpv $ V"pY"p\"_P"pY"pX"u\" {G"O"z {`X"z QmZu T"Zp_O"z
@P"z _T"X>s "{T" _"X"rÒ"u$ T"sS": {@z{\"R"z _"ZpuG"z {S""pY"pz {S"pN"z, T"ZX"O"Zv"S{@ZN"vZ{T"
T"Zp{G"O"O\"pO_"z@s {E"O"X"o $ O"\" E"ZN"pv @"pv {S"{" E" T"ZW"pB"uS" {\""Qpv, {S"{" Zpe"pv
T"ZW"pB"uS" B"sN"puO@^"uN " {\""Qpv W"p_\"Zpv $ T"ZW"pB"pu B"sN"puO@^" OY"{W"R"pS"pO"o $ P"\"p {S"{"
T"ZW"pB"u {QS"u E" {\""Qpv, S"z{Q\"z {\"@_\"Zpv $ @"z @X"z, T"Zz bX"rT"pe"z bXY"p:
_P"pS"z, O"Qp{dOY" bX"r{_O">{O", T"Zz O"s S" QpS"p{Q\Y"\"`pZ_"pX"PY"|, bXY"p p_"S"X"pe"X"o
$ O"\" E"ZN"pv @"pv _"X"{Y"S"pz @\"rS"pz @pT"r{L>O"pS"pX"{@"S"pS"pX"{T" _X"ZN"X"pe"uN" {dY"z
_"wG"SO"pv $ P"\"p _"X"{Y"S"pz _"z@u O"\"O"pz, W"\"pS"rE"ZN"Y"puZB"u B"SO"\Y"z O"e" drVR"\Y"u {O"
{\"{Ò"_"z@u O"pS"p{X"OY"P": $ _"X"Y": _"z@u O":$ P"\"p Y"P"p_"X"Y"X"S"s\"O"X"pS"pS"pz _"X"{Y"S"p{X"OY"P": $ T"ZX"u"Zr{_"pSO"X"p{dO"pS"p{X"OY"P"u {@Y"X"pN"u T"ZX"u"Y"p: T"b"T"pO"T"_"uS"
G"B"Q{XV"@pO\"z \Y"p`SY"uO"u{O" $ \"z _"\"T"@pZuN" O"\" E"ZN"Y"puZ\u " _"p{O""Y"O\"p{Q{O" $
e"p{O""Y"pu{ZpZ: $ {`X"pS"r{O" T"Z`_Y"pP": $ {`X"pS"r{O" pu@u {dY"X"T"r{O" T"QuS"
O"rG"pupZ: $$ 87 $$
BuQ
. Ax ù ]P. Av uvu E i
ui u } kzv (Q\) nx
zv Ak A[P EP u. E viPUS
US |[Q E. Az uh Jku? (
UQu.) G Cu P]. (87)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
{`X"pS"r{O" $ ù G"S"{S" {e"W"s\"S"_"{\"{e", O\"OT"pQpv O\""ZN"pv _"X"B"B"sN"_"zT""pv SY"tS"B"sN"z
_"ZpuG"z G"Y"O": $ QX"[_X""P"u {E"e"z {@z {@X"p"Y"|, S" {@{"{QOY"P": $ @sO": ? @@o
_"ZpuG"z, {`X"pS"r`SO"\Y"z {`X"pSY"p {`X"\"^"uN " `SO"\Y"z S">@p{SO", {@z{\"R"pv E"ZN"pv
{`X"{B"qZ{S"\"p_"v@E"O"sZpv {`X"T"R"pS"pu Y"pu {B"qZ: O"e" {S"\"p_":, O"e" E"O"sZpv {S"T"sN"pv$ T"sS":
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -87
312
@@o, _"ZpuG"z {S""pY"pz ZG"SY"pz {S"pN"z _"z@s {E"O"X"o $ T"sS": @"pv E"ZN"pv {S"{" E"
T"ZW"pB"uS" {\""Qpv B"sN"puO@^"uN " {S"X"pv $ @@o @X"z, T"Zz @u\"z bX"rT"pe"z bXY"p: {dY":
T"pe"z \"_P"pS"_P"X"o $ S" O"s QpS"\"E"S"u W"puB"u \"p b"X"X"o $ Y"O@wT"N": V"`lO"Zz R"S"z T"pTY" @u\"z
{S"{b"TY"v\" Zb"{O", S" {\"{S"Y"s
z u S" W"s
z u , O"S"z OY"pB"W"puB"`rS"z T"ZB"p{X" S"z> \"p W"\"{O"
{S"OY"pTY"S"sB"O"p bX"r: @_Y"pTY"S"sT"@pqZN"r W"tO\"p S"Y"{O" $ @"pv O\"OT"pQpv _"X"{Y"S"pz
T"ZX"u"Zr{_"{O"SX"pB"T"\"u{"S"pz {dY"X"v"Y"| _"zT"Qz OY"SO"z _"wG"SO"pv QQpS"pv, Y"SX"S"_"p
@pz{b"O"z O"O"pu&TY"{R"@O"ZX"WY"sQY"z QQpS"p{\"{O" {O""VQuS" T"{O"T"pO"u $ O"P"p E" _"sZP"S"pX"nu
ZpGY"T"p{": {R"@z X"S"sO\"z E" E"{NL>@pY"p: T"_"pQp"pO"{X"{O" Qu\"rT"sZpN"u dtY"O"u $$ 87 $$
uzw
u uPPPz u[P. Au P u
. u EQUP kzuh uzxU
P P. E vizu kUS uh AvPP
| [SuS. u G A\ u A Cu A\
sk xh uvv G u Pz
T. (87)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
T"sS"Z{T" E"ZN"pv \"N"Y"{O" - {`X"pS"r{O" $ ù G"S"{S" O\"OT"pQpv _"ZpuG"z G"Y"O" O"r` {@z
{E"e"z {@X"p"Y"{X"OY"P": $ S" {@X"T"rOY"P": $ G"Y"ùO"sW"tO"pS\"O"sz T"pQpv {\""u^"Y"S"o
{W"W"\"ùO"sW"tO"pS"o Qpu^"pS\"O"sz _"ZpuG"X"{T" {\"{"S"{> {`X"pS"r{O" $ {`X"pSY"p `SO"\Y"z
{`X"pS"r`SO"\Y"z {S"pN"z X"s@s {O"z T"ZW"pB"u {Q\"_"u E" {\""Qpv XpS"p{\"OY"P": $ T"N"{Y"S"pz
W"pS"pz {dY"X"{T" _"wG"SO"pv QQO"pv $$ 87 $$
uzu\vP
u UP.
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù G"S"{S" {e"W"s\"S"_"{\"{e" ! O\"OT"pQpv O"\" E"ZN"pv _"X"B"BpsN"_"zT""pv SY"tS"B"sN"_"ZpuG"z
G"Y"O" {O" {@z {E"e"X"o? @sO": ? _"ZpuG"z @@o, E"ZN"pv @"pv OY"p` - _"ZpuG"z O"s
{`X"pS"r`SO"\Y"z O"s{`S"\"^"N"uS" S">@p{SO" $ {`X"pS"r {`X"_"SO"{O": OY"X"Z: $ O"\" E"ZN"pv O"s
{`X"{B"qZO"J>p@p{SO"{E"Zpv {`X"T"R"pS"_Y" {B"Zu: O"J>p@pSO"p\"{T" @NJ>@_""pZu&{T" {E"Zpv
S"sT"Ò"_"pvW"pBY"pv, T"sS": @X"z {S""pY"pz Zpe"pv {S"X"r{O"z, O"pv {S"{" E" Zpe"p\"{T" T"ZW"pB"uS"
E"ZNppv - \n[P
313
{\"@p{SO"_"z_"B"pO"o {\""Qpv @X"S"rY"pv, Zp{e": A"s O"X"puV"`lO\"pO"o Y"pX"\"N"p $ E"ZN"Y"pu:

_"`G"T"pJ>@p{SO"_"zV"SR"pO"o {\"\"N"{\"SY"p_"u _"{O" Y": @X"S"rY": @p[SO"{\"{">: _"
T"ZW"pB" OY"sEY"O"u $ T"Z O@w>"p_"pv W"pB"pu W"{"u{O" T"ZW"pB": $ T"ZW"pB"pu
W"\"uN"Y"_"z_"B"G"p {E": {O" X"XX"J>pE"pY": $ O" \" Zpe"pv {\""u^"uN" _"sSQZpv $ @X"SO"s
T"Zz @u\"z bXY"p: {dY": T"pe"z \"_P"pS"_P"z, S" O"s O"_Y" QpS"u \"p {\"{S"Y"puB"u \"p b"X"X"o $
Y": @wT"N"pu V"`lO"ZR"S"z T"pTY" @u\"z {S"b"uT"pQu\" Zb"{O" S" {\"{S"Y"sD
>o u S" W"sD
>o u $ W"puB"OY"pB"`rS"z
E" O"S"X"SY"v\"p S"rY"O"u, S"z> \"p W"\"{O", OY"{S"OY"p _"p T"B"O"p bX"r: @_Y"p{T"
S"sT"@pqZN"r W"tO\"p ùX"SO"u {`X"\"^"uN p S"Y"{O" $ O\"OT"pQpv O"s _"X"{Y"S"pz _"X"Y"\"{O"S"pz
T"ZX"u"Zr{_"pSO"X"pB"T"\"u{"S"pz {dY"X"v"Y"_"zT"Q" {O"_"wG"SO"pv OY"SO"X"u\" QQpS"pv $
Y"SX"S"_"p @pDo{> b"O"z O"O"pu&TY"{R"@O"ZX"WY"sQY"\"wSQz QQpS"p{\"OY"Y"X"P"pu& {O""Y"uS" T"{O"T"pO"u $ E"{NL>@p A"s _"sZP"S"pX"np Zpc"p - O"uS" \"\"u O"O"pu ZpGY"X"{\"W"XY"SY"G"SX"{S" $
e"v\" E" {S"G"z ZpGY"z Ò""e"sV"z V"pO"o $$ OY"S"uS" pu@u S" @pup{\"R\"z{_"{W"Y"\"S"v:
"e"s{W"Y"Qo ZpGY"X"p@pSO"z T"s^"@X"pB"O"z O"Qu\"pSY"{_X"S"o G"SX"{S" {\"W"{z " "e"s{W"ZS">p{R"@pZX"u\" Y"pE"X"pS"uS" T"p{P"O"p T"ZX"u"Zr O\"{X"S_"X"pS"p{R"@pZ_"pvW"pBY"v@_""{O"E"O"sY"sW "B"T"qZ{X"O"X"S\"SO"ZQrC"@p_"sA"_"zW"puBppu{E"O"
T""ppO@pu{J>{\"_O"rNpW"tX"NL>@v p{R"T"OY"_"tE"@ _"pX"pGY"EF>e"ppu{W"X"`pWY"sQY"z X"S"sO\"ZpGY"X"u\" Qf"\"O"r $ O" \" {E"{SO"O"p{R"@T"QpS"E"O"sZpv O"\" E"ZN"pv, S" _"SQu` {O" {S"{"O"X"o $$ 87 $$
isi
& uu UP. CvUS Dh AvPzxh 71 \xP[P
}iUQ 50 Pi \ shzv HPvvvP [S
uu. u hh[S AvP u E viP.
(87)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
{`X"pS"r`SO"\Y"{X"{O" $ ù G"S"{S", O\"OT"pQpv _"X"B"BpsN"_"zT""pv, SY"tS"B"sN"z _"ZpuG"z G"Y"O"
{O" {@z {E"e"z, S" {@X"T"rOY"P": $ @"z _"ZpuG"z,{`X"pS"r`SO"\Y"z, O"s{`S"_"X"t`Su " S">@> p{SO"$
O"\" E"ZN"pv O"s {`X"{B"qZO"J>p@pSO"p\"{T" @J>@_"zE"pZu&{T" {E"Zpv, S"sT"Ò""puW"pv $ O"P"p
_"ZpuG"z {S""pY"pz Zpe"pv {S"pN"z X"s{O"z, T"pQpv O"s {S"{" Zpe"pv T"ZW"pB"u {QS"u E" {\""Qpv {S"X"pv $
T"ZW"pB"uS"u{O" T"pKu> Zpe"pv T"ZW"pB"uS" {\"@p{SO"_"z_"B"Nu " {\""Qpv {S"X"pv, Zpe"u_O"X"puV"p`lY"uS"
Y"pX"O\"pO"o E"ZN"Y"pu: _"`G"T"pJ>@p{SO"{\"O\"X"o $ T"ZW"pB"pu W"\"uN"Y"_"z_"B"G"p
314
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -88
{E": OY"{W"R"pS"pO"o $ O"P"p _"ZpuG"z T"Zz @u\"z bXY"p: {dY": T"pe"z W"\"{O", {_P"{O"_P"pS"z
W"\"{O", S"O"s O"_Y" QpS"u W"puB"u \"p _"X"P"X"o $ O\"OT"pQpv O"s _"X"{Y"S"pz O\"{X"pB"T"\"u{"S"pz
{dY"X"v"Y"| _"wG"SO"pv QQpS"p{\"OY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u, G"S"{S"S"pz _"X"_O" G"r\"pS"pz, G"Y"O":
T"ZpG"Y"O": $ O\"OT"pQp\"sb"N"pv _"ZpuG"z E"pub"N"z {O" {@z {E"e"{X"OY"P": $$ 87 $$
Pu
UP umhu. qzv Ax x. (87)
pS"SQ`Zr
{`X"pS"r{O" $ ù G"S"{S" ! O\"OT"pQpv V"`lBpsN"pv _"ZpuG"z SY"tS"B"sN"z G"Y"O": T"ZpW"\"O": $ ` {@z
{E"e"X"p"Y"| S" {@{"{QOY"P": $ O"Qu\"puT"T"pQY"{O" $ @"z _"ZpuG"z {`X"pS"r{W": {`X"_"X"t`:v
`SO"\Y"z S"pY""puW"z, E"ZN"pv O"s {`X"{BpZu_O"Ju^> "s {`X"pY"T"Qu "{\""u^"u^"s p@pSO"pv E"O"sZpv
@s"pv$ O"e"pTY"S"sT"Ò""puW"p{\"{O" W"p\": $ O"P"p _"ZpuG"z {S""pY"pz Zpe"pv {S"pN"z X"s{O"X"o $
O"pv {S"{" E" T"ZW"pB"u E" {E"Zpv, Zpe"pv {QS"u E" _""puW"pv, {\""Qp{\"{O" T"pKu> {S"X"pv $ E"Y"z
O"sY"Y"puBY"O"p_"tE"S"pP"X"o T"ZW"pB"uS"u{O" T"pKu> Zpe"u_O"X"puX"Y"O"Y"p Y"pX"O\"uS", T"pQY"pu:
_\"pW"p{\"@ZO\"uS" E" \"N"Y"_"zV"SR"uS" X"S"pu`Zp{\"OY"P": $ O"Qlz {\""T"@pu"u - T"ZW"pB"pu
W"\"uN"Y"_"z_"B"G"p {E"qZ{O" $ O"P"p O"O"o T"Zz @u\"z bXY"p: T"pe"z W"pG"S"z \"{_P"{O": $
O"pv _"wG"SO"pv QQpS"pv O\"f"Se"pupE"pZ\"O"pz O\"pS"pz Y"u^"pz @u^"pX"{T" O\""ZN"pv
_"zT"pQ@p{\"{O" W"p\": $ T"pe"z O"s W"puG"S"u Y"puBY"u T"pe"z O"rZY"pSO"Zu {O", O"P"p _"X"Y":
"T"P"pE"pZ@pu {_"pSO"_"z{\"QpuqZ{O" {\""T"@p": $$ 87 $$
Bu
E viP |S ]u. C P {ux. mh {
vi |S x[SQx. u C uv. UP
Eu. (87)
*
T"Qz O"u @O"rS"pz1 T"T"QX"T"Qz Qu{\" {\"T"Qpz

@P"z S"rO"z _"{: @{K>S"@X"K>r @T"Z2O"spX"o $
@P"z \"p3 V"p`lWY"pX"sT"Y"X"S"@pu T"sZ{W"Qp
Y"QpQpY" SY"_O"z ^"{Q QY"X"pS"uS" X"S"_"p4 $$ 88 $$
T"T"QX"o - [P
315
u u Rzw 1 | uu u u
Pu }u z: Pi|PjP 2 x >
Pu E|P u 3
uu u zv u|| | 4 >> (88)
1. @pSO"rS"pz Pw|. 2. A"T"Z P 3. `_O"pWY"pz u. 4. \"T"s^"p .
u & u ! u !, Rw| u & PPUS Ch, u
Au & zvS Ch uux, uu E [P, Pi Pj
P x & Pkh BmiRh {, z: &
|P, Pu }u ! & Gi AhUPx? u||| &
UP Ezxh, u & [P zu ], E|P &
vnzv x, Bu & CPP yUQ, zv
AUP x, Pu u -& Gi UPmhx?
Th quu G u|.
bX"rR"Zp
T"Qz _P"pS"z O"u O"\",@O"rS"pz Y""_"pz, T"T"Qz T"pQpB",z T"Qz _P"pS"z, Qu{\" !
puO"S""ru ! W"B"\"{O" $ {\"T"Qpz pT"Qpz, @P"z @P">pZz S"rO"z T"p{T"O"z, _"{: @\"rSv:,
@{K>S"@X"K>r@T"ZO"spz @{K>S"_Y" @X"K>r@T"Z_Y" @tX"T"w@> T"p_Y" O"spz, @P"z \"p @P"z@w O\"p,
V"p`lWY"pz `_O"pWY"pz, T"Y"X"S"@pu {\"\"p`_"X"Y"u, T"sZ{W"Qp _"Qp{"\"uS", Y"O"o T"Qz pQpY"
B"w`rO\"p, SY"_O"z {b""z, ^"{Q T"pR"pZW"tO"p {"p ^"O"o, T"z `qZp{Q\Y"_Y" T"u^"{N"@p
{"p $ O"QpR"pZW"tO"p {"p ^"O"o $ _"p {\"\"p`_"X"Y"u X"_P"pT"S"pS"sp> S"pP"| T"pe"O\"uS"
T"Y"sp $ O"_Y"pz ^"{Q QY"X"pS"uS" QY"p\"O"p, X"S"_"p $ QY"pz {\"`pY"p{O"X"wQ
l z T"pQpXV"sG"z ^"{Q
@P"z _P"p{T"O"z "XW"sS"p ? X"wO"_Y"{SQS"r{W": \"p{B\"p_"v: @\"r"Zp: @X"K>T"wS>u " O"sY"O"Y"p
@P"z \"{NpO"\"SO":? O"QlW"Y"X"Y"s{X"OY"P": $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù Qu{\" ! @O"rS"pz T"Qz
{\"T"QpX"T"Qz O"u T"T"Qz _"{: @{K>S"@X"K>r@T"ZO"spz @P"z S"rO"X"o? QY"X"pS"uS" X"S"_"p T"sZ{W"Qp
T"Y"X"S"@pu V"p`lWY"pz Y"QpQpY" @P"z \"p ^"{Q SY"_O"X"o ? e"pS"S\"Y"ppZpu R\"SY"O"u,
_""pSO"Z{S"^"uR"pzO"o _""_Y" T"pQpXV"sG"\"_O"sS": _\"Y"X"u\" _\"_Y" O"sY"{X"{O" T"O"rO"u: $$
88 $$
u
u ! E [P P Ch. |UPiUS Ch uux. CuU
316
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -88
PP Pkh BmiS Cn G Gi
DkPmi? zu (h) ] [Q h
vnzv x A vUP CPP u[Q Px Gi zu.
E vizuUS Axmk Dk. (88)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
T"pQpBpz _O"pv{O" T"Q{X"{O" $ ù Qu{\"! O"u T"T"Qz T"pQpBp,z @pSO"rS"pz T"Qz _P"pS"z, {\"T"Qpz
T"Qz S"{R"@ZNpz, @pO"Y"u&{T" {\"T"O_"zW"\"{\"R"sZ,z _"{: T"sZpO"S"@{\"{W": @{K>S"@X"K>rA"T"ZO"spz @K>pZu @EF>T"rT"wA> "T"Z_"pXY"z, @P"z S"rO"z BptMB> psUT"QSpz T"T"Qp{G"O"@EF>T"pX"o OY"pQpv$ T"sZ{W"Qp `_O"pWY"pz, T"Y"X"S"@pu {\"\"p`_"zT"Y"spX"pZpuT"Np@pu,
QY"X"pS"uS" X"S"_"p QY"ppV"E"uO"_"p, Y"QpQpY" ^"{Q @P"z {\"SY"_O"X"o ? T"ZpsR"S"sZp@^"Np{@Np`_O"pWY"pX"pQpY" ^"{Q @P"z SY"_O"X"o ? `pu {E"ZSO"S"@\"rS"pz T"sZ{W"Q"p{\"\"u@ {O"
W"p\": $$ 88 $$
Uzu
u PP |. AP H Bmh E
[PUS DhUQ? ] zv P\u GiU Px
zu ! AUPP Ca] Szu.
N"pX"pu{QS"r
T"pQpB"z \"N"Y"{O" - T"Q{X"{O" $ ù Qu{\" ! T"@ppX"pS"{\"B"`,u @O"rS"pz T""z_"pS"pz
_O"sO"rS"pz, @{O": T""z_"pY""_"pu: {O" Z"X"pp $ T"Qz _P"pS"z, {S"ZSO"ZT""z_"p\"N"S"Y"pu:
_P"pS"{X"OY"P":$ @sO" O"{QOY"e"p` - {\"T"Qpz pRY"p{OX"@pQrS"pz _"pz_"pqZ@Ql:A"pS"pz, T"Qz
_P"pS"z, _"X"_O"pT"{Ò"X"o $ O"{"\"pZ@z E"uOY"P": $ O"u W"\"OY"p: T"T"Qz T"pQpB",z T"pQpB"z
T"T"Qz OY"X"Z:$ _"{:, T"X"pS"r@ZNpE"pO"sZrR"sZrN"v: T"pE"rS"@{\"{W": T"X"pQpu^"{\"R"pS"c"v: _"tY"p{Q Qpu^"pQm{^"O"v"uOY"{W"_"{SR": $ @{K>S"@X"K>r@T"ZO"spz, @{K>S"pu&{O"T"^": Y": @X"K>r@T"Z: Ls
> rT"wW"pBp:$ V"^"rW\"r @X"K>r Ls
> r OY"X"Z:$ O"uS" T"^"O"Y"p
T"X"pS"pS"ùN p O"sp _"pXY"z, @P"z @uS" T"@pZuNp \"p S"rO"X"o T"p{T"O"X"o ?
_"O_\"W"p\"vZTY"p{Q@{\"{W": QlQ Y"vqZ\" {O"X"pQ\"-@p{K>S> Y"pWY"pz T"Z_T"Z_"pXY"pS"`Y"pu:
{\"T"QS"{W"c"W"\"OT"pQpB"@X"K>rT"wY> "pu:, _\"T"pQpB"{S"R"tO "-@tX"u "T"wp> z B"tMB> "sUp @tX"T"w->
G"{Y"^N"sT"T"Qp{S\"O"p OY"p{QS"p {S"QY"z @P"z _"pXY"X"s{X"OY"P": $ O"_O"{E"pY"X"u\"u{O"
W"p\": $ {\"T"QS"{W"c"O\"c"pT"S"T"t\"@X"spP"X"u\" M>Y"{O" - @P"z \"u{O" $ {@z E" T"Y"X"S"@pu
T"T"QX"o - [P
317
T"p{N"B"`N"_"X"Y"u, T"sZ{W"Qp {e"T"sZpSO"@uS", {O"@{K>S"QY"uS"uOY"{W"_"{SR": $ `_O"pWY"pz

T"p{N"WY"pz, Y"OT"Qz, O"Qu@QupX"DoB> "s{> X"OY"P": $ pQpY" T"qZB"w, p{O"uX> "X"X"pS"X"X"u\"
O\"z {_P"Zp W"\" {O" X"Se"uN" T"qZB"w, QY"X"pS"uS" @N"p{\"uS> ", X"S"_"p X"wQ
l Su "pSO": @ZN"uS",
^"{Q T"pR"pZW"tO"u {T">p{QT"u^"N"_"pR"S"u&X"{S", S"s{E"O"_P"pS" OY"{W"_"{SR": $ @P"z @uS"
T"@pZuN" \"p SY"_O"z {S"{Ò"X"o $ {\"\"p`_"X"Y"u B"w{`R"X"pN"pz R"X"pP"pQrS"pz _"\"u^ "pz B"wù
B"w{`NY"R"rS"O\"uS", "\"T""sT"se"p{Q_"X"w{X"OY"p O\"Y"p @Qp{E"Q{T" X"E"S"pS"s@t Y"T"pX"pO"o S" E"{O"\Y"{X"OY"{W"T"pY"uN", _"puX": T"P"X"pu {\"{\"Qu B"SR"\": OY"pZWY" X"z
O\"p&QlB"p`T "OY"pY" Qu\"p: OY"SO"uS" X"Se"G"pO"uS" @SY"pY"p: _\"rY"O"pz T"{O"T"p, O"O""
X"SX"S"_"z @wN"puO"s OY"SO"X"pS"s@t Y"z _"zT"pPY" O"O"" O"_Y"p: T""sT"se"p{Q_"X"w{T"pY"p"z_"S"T"z, @{X"^"u OY"p{QX"Se"G"pO"uS" _""T"S"s@ X"N"z {\"R"pY", E"ZN"B"`N"T"t\"@z
X"p{R"Zpu`N"_Y" pv{@@@SY"pY"p {\"{Ò"O\"pO"o, \"X"pv{@@@SY"pY"p Qu\Y"p TY"\"Y"zW"p\"pO"o, G"B"O@sJsX> V"W"ZN"W"pZz W"\"OY"pz {\"SY"_Y", _\"Y"X"sQp_"rS"\"O"o W"pZZ{Ò"pu W"\"p{S"
{O", T"pQpuT"B"`N"z @wO\"p, {O"@{K>S"u ^"OT"Qu "u&{R"Zpu`N"z @P"z \"p S"uS"p{O"X"wQ
l Su "
@pqZO"X"o ? OY"P": $ {e"T"sZpSO"@_Y"p{T" QY"pZ_"_"zT"pQ@z W"\""ZN"pB"z \"vR"^"OT"Qu "{S"\"u"\"upY"pX"{T" OY"{O"_"pv@s X"pY"| _"t{E"O"X"o $ e"p{O""Y"puOY"S"sT"p_"Y"pu: _"z_"w{>: $$
88 $$
Anv
PP |u Psh \ uu & k
G UP & |UPiPtu & |UPiUS Bzu C
mP E [P Bk Gu En ! ]
vn v CuU Px {. P vhP C
GUT g\ Azxz yUQ ]a \Q Ax zu Ax
Gi? u uP Eh Hi |hx |sQ Gx C
{US Eu E Gh Jhzu GU TU P izx
EPQ Skzuz u[S Eh zu. C GUS
Gua _ C. GUT E viU P x ] H zu.
Ax Ah xo Pmi Cx h Au } H. (88)
pS"SQ{BpZrY"p
\Y"pAY"p S" VR"p
BuQ
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -88
318
(QhUP)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
T"Q{X"{O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ O"\" E"ZN"z {@z \"N"Y"pX": $ Y"O@rO"rS"pz Y""_"pz T"Qz _P"pS"z
S"sT"X"{X"{O" T"{_"X"o $ O"e"puT"X"pQpS"z X"`QS"s{E"O"X"u\" $ O"O"pu&{T" O"u T"T"Qz
@{K>S"@X"K>rA"T"ZO"spz @{K>S"z {O"@K>pZu z @X"K>p: A"T"Zz T"wz> O"_Y" O"spz _"pXY"z @P"z @uS"
T"@pZuNp S"rO"z T"p{T"O"X"o! $ O"uS" O"u _"SO" \" S" W"\"SO"rOY"pb"uT": $ O"s_Y" O"\" T"T"Q_Y"
O"sp _"pXY"z {\"T"Qu\" ? @@o T"T"Qz {\"T"QpX"T"Qz, pT"QpX"_P"pS"z, O"pu
{\"T"O_"zT"pQS"X"S"s{E"O"{X"{O" W"p\": $ \"z T"T"Q_Y" _"pvW"pBY"z \"N"{Y"O\"p O"Qu\" {\"{"S"{>, T"sS":
@@o, T"sZ{W"Qp X"`pQu\"uS" T"Y"X"S"@pu {\"\"p`@pu ^"{Q {\"\"p`@X"pu{ E"O"u T"_O"Zu
QY"X"pS"uS" QY"pz @s\"O"p X"S"_"p _"` W"pWY"pz `_O"pWY"pz Y""ZN"X"pQpY" @P"{X"\"p{O"Ql:A"uS"
SY"_O"X"pZpu{T"O"z, @X"S"z _"p`{_"@z @wO\"p "S"v: X"wQOl "Zz Y""uS" SY"_O"X"o$ _Y"pP":{\"\"p`\"upY"pz T"P"X"O" \" _"\"pE"pZpuT"Qu{"@uS" X"`pQu\"uS" Y"f"\" E"ZN"p`N"z {@Y"O"u,
O"OT"pP"S"v\" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ V""pNL>B"w`&u `z B"w`r, O\"z B"w{`N"r, B"w{`N"p X"Y"p X"pY"p{S"Zp_"uS"
{S""uS>u " T"ZV""pS"s_"SR"pS"z {@Y"O"u, O\"Y"v\" _"\"u pu@p: T"pu^"N"rY"p:, X"X"p{T" @pY"| O\"Y"v\"
@O"\Y"X"o $ pu@u B"w`@pY"| B"w{`NY"p B"w{`N"p E" {@Y"O"u $ B"w{`NY"p O"p\"QOY"SO"z B"wù ZXY"O"u
W"sGY"O"u, _"\"T"se"{X"e"p{Q{W": _"X"X"o $ `z O"s @u\"z X"RY"_P":, O\"{Y" {\"SY"_O"W"pZ:,
O\"rpS"pJ>Q"r {O">p{X" ! O\"Y"v\" _"\"pu& {T" _"z_"pZ{S"\"p`: @O"\Y" {O" E"ZN"B"`N"_Y"
\"p_"S"p $ S"S"s rN"pz W"O"s "ZN"B"`N"z _"X"s{E"O"z, T"s^"vS" rE"ZN"B"`N"{X"{O" E"uO_"OY"X"o $ O"e"v\"
_X"w{O"\"E"S"z _"\"p|B"u^"s {Y"pu X"uRY"p_O"rP"W"tO"p" O"p Y"O": $ "p_O"s X"sA"O"pu X"uRY"p B"p\"pu
X"uRY"p_O"s T"wO> ": $ V"p"N"p: T"pQO"pu X"uRY"p: {Y"pu X"uRY"p_O"s _"\"O": $ {O" _X"w{O"T"pX"pNY"pO"o
_"zW"puB"u pup> R"ZE"sXV"S"pQpv S" Qpu^": $ S"S"s rX"sA"z _"Qp ps{E" {O" \"E"S"pQR"ZE"sXV"S"X"u\"pE"pZpu W"\"O"s, O"ZE"sXV"S"u T"pX"pNY"pW"p\" {O" E"u" $ {Y"pu X"uRY"p_O"s _"\"O" {O"
\"E"S"V"uS" _"\"pT"{\"e"pN"pz rN"pz S"Y"S"QpuX"t
@sE"pB"S"p{W"X"tE"ZN"pB"E"sXV"S"p{S"
@pX""pT"{_"p{S" X"`p@{\"{W"Z{T" @p\Y"u^"s T"Y"sp{S" T"pX"p{N"@pSY"uO"p{S" rN"pz _"\"pu
T"{\"e"O"pz {\"S"p S" _"zW"\"{SO" $ OP"z T"{\"e"pN"pz rN"pz {\"\"p`_"X"Y"u E"ZN"B"`N"z S" Qpu^":
OY"X"{O"T"_"uS" $$88
uzw
vnzvx AUS C |h vUP u
T"T"QX"o - [P
319
u Eh siUPsh. ""sh G Cu mi
Czu |. } C. | C[S UQ \ }UQ
u \UQ. } EP . G
o } \ ! EQ C C Cnu Czu
|hzu sk. C miui Czu u E
Eh AUQ. | |k{. Eh z
ux. Au Ex P Bmhzu Ps. }u
{ \ sk. Gu. s Pixsk. Bs
iv. SvUS P yx. _S mh yx. AunUSz vi
yx. s G[S y G vP Tu so Eumi
zuku Piu Sx. (88)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" T"pQpB"z \"N"Y"{O" - T"Q{X"{O" $ ù Qu{\" O"u T"T"Qz T"pQpB"z _"{:
@{K>S"@X"K>r@T"ZO"spz @P"z S"rO"X"o ? T"Y"X"S"@pu {\"\"p`@pu T"sZ{W"Qp V"p`lWY"pX"pQpY"
^"{Q SY"_O"{X"{O", Y"f"O@P"X"o ? O"QoY"X"S"s{E"O"{X"OY"P": $ @{K>S"@X"K>r@T"ZO"spz
@K>pZu @EF>T"@T"ppuT"X"pX"o $ QY"X"pS"uS" QY"pY"su S" X"S"_"puT"{b"O"uS" T"sZ{W"Qp X"`pQu\"uS" $
\"T"s^"u{O" T"pKu> ^" \"pP": $ X"S"_"pu&{T" _"tbX"\"T"s:"VQ\"pEY"O\"pO"o $ T"T"Qz {\"{"S"{> @pSO"rS"pz T"Qz _P"pS"z T"ZX"_"sSQZO\"pO"o $ {\"T"QpX"T"QX"_P"pS"X"o $ S"rR"pO"pu: {@X"@O\"uS"v@{_X"S"o @X"{N" u&{T" {O"rY"z @X"pS"s{X"{O" @{K>S"@X"K>r@T"ZO"spz OY"e" {O"rY"p $
@T"Z: _Y"pO@T"pu E" "W"uQ@J>p`Y"puqZ{O" X"u{QS"r@Z:$ A"T"ZO"sp{X"{O" {E"OT"pK>: $$
88 $$
uzu\vP &
EP UP. (88)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
T"Qz O" {O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ _"`G"{O"z _"pvW"pBY"_"sSQZz O"\" E"ZN"z T"Qz _P"pS"z
@pSO"rS"pX"S"sT"{X"O"{X"{O", O"_Y" E"ZN"pZ{\"SQ_Y" T"T"Qz @{K>S"uS" @@"uS" @X"K>rA"T"ZNu "
O"sY"{SO"$ O"Qu\" O"u^"pX"S"s{E"O"@ZN"X"o $ O" \" @X"K>rA"T"ZO"spz @X"K>p: @EF>T"\"R\"p:
A"T"ZNu " T"wW> "pB"uS" O"spX"sT"X"pS"z _"{: @P"z S"rO"X"o ? _"SO" \"z S" W"\"SO"rOY"_Y"pb"uT": $ ù
Qu{\" O"\" A"s T"T"Q_Y"pO"s_Y"p{T" O"sp_"zT"pQS"z {\"T"Qu\" $ {\"T"QpX"T"Qu O"\" T"T"Qu
{\"T"QlOT"{f"ZS"s{E"O"u{O" W"p\": $ O" \"puz {\"T"QpX"T"Q{X"{O" $ \"z T"T"Q_Y" _"pvW"pBY"z
320
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -89
\"N"{Y"O\"p O"Qu\" {\"{"S"{>, T"t\"| T"Y"X"S"@pu {\"\"p`_"X"Y"u T"sZ{W"Qp X"`pQu\"uS" ^"{Q

{\"\"p`@X"pu{ E"O"u T"_O"Zu pZpu`Xu "X"X"pS"X"X"u\" O\"k {_P"Zp W"\" {O" X"Se"uN" \"ZuN"
@SY"pY"p"ZN"X"{_X"S"o {S"R"rY"O"u \"v{Q@@X"_\"pO"SeY"pO"o $ O" \" QY"X"pS"uS" QY"pz @s\"O"p
X"S"_"p _"` T"sZ{W"Qp X"`pQu\"uS" T"p{N"WY"pX"sW"pWY"pX"{T" B"w`rO\"p ^"{Q O\""ZN"z SY"_O"X"o $
@P"z, "sE"r{O" \"E"S"pO"o, R"ZE"sXV"S"X"pe"X"u\"pE"pZpu W"\"O"s, O"ZE"sXV"S"u^"s T"pX"pNY"pW"p\" {O"
E"uO"o S" {Y"pu X"uRY"p_O"s _"\"O": {O" X"uRY"O"p\"E"S"V"uS" _"\"pu T"{\"e"pN"pz rN"pz
S"Y"S"QpuX"t
@sE"pB"S"p{W"X"tE"ZNppB"E"sXV"S"p{S" @pX""pT"{_"p{S" X"`p@{\"{W"Z{T" @p\Y"u^"s
T"Y"sp{S" T"pX"p{N"@pSY"uO"p{S" rN"pz _"\"pT"{\"e"O"pz {\"S"p S" _"zW"\"{SO" $ OP"z T"{\"e"pN"pz
rN"pz {\"\"p`_"X"Y"u E"ZN"B"`N"z S" Qpu^": $ {Y"pu X"Ò"r{W"Qu\ "O"p{W": @wO"pS"sB"`p {S"OY"T"{\"e"p
\" G"pY"SO"u $ O"pz A"s @SY"pz {\"\"p`p{Q E"O"s{Q\"_"u^"s T"P"X"Zpe"pv _"puX"S"pP"pu W"sD
>o u $ W"sO\"p
B"EF>S"o \"Zz QQp{O", {@z ? "s{E"O"pz {S"OY""sO"pX"o $ pS"u&{T" pS"u&{T" {Y": _"\"Qp
T"{\"e"p \" _"puX": "pvE"z QQpv O"p_"pX"o {O" \"E"S"pO"o $ {O"rY"Zpe"pv O"pz @SY"pz B"SR"\"ZpG"pu
W"sD
>o u _"puX": T"P"X"pu {\"{\"Qu B"SR"\"pu {\"{\"Q f"Z: {O" \"E"S"pO"o $ _" O"s
{\""p\"_"sB"SR"\"ZpG"_O"pz @SY"pz W"sO\"p B"EF>S"o \"Zz QQp{O", {Y": A"s _"puX"\"OY"pu&{T"
"s@NK>_> \"S"p W"\"{SO" {@X"sO" pT"SOY": {@X"sO" B"pY"SOY": ? O"wO"rY"Zpe"pv W"B"\"pS"o
Y"c"T"s^"pu \"{_O"pz @SY"pz W"sO\"p B"EF>S"o \"Zz QQp{O" _"\"W"bY"p W"\" {O" $ O": rN"pz
_"\"W"b"N"u Qpu^"pu S"p{_O" $ W"bY"pW"bY"{\"E"pZ"tSY"p_O"P"p{T" T"{\"e"p \", \"ZT"QpS"pP"|
W"puB"pu&{T" \"uQSu " O"wO"rY"pu&{"u> T"{O": {O" $ \"X"u\" X"Ò"rS"pz Qu\"O"pS"pX"S"sB"ù _"{O"
B"w{`N"rG"S"_Y" B"w{`G"S"uS" {@Y"X"pN"u O""ZN"B"`N"u Qpu^""p@pu&{T" QmZpT"p_O": $$ 88 $$
isi
sP uuP A P. vnzvS
u uP Ah u[Qz v uQ. }i
}hi AP y G y uQ. Csh |
Pu _ u[Q C S [Q. | AU u[Q
En {zu }UQ. Au y UP sP. Au E
Pix PnUSU SPx. u UP. (88)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
T"Qz O" {O" $ ù Qu{\" ! O"u O"\" T"T"Qz T"pQpB"z @pSO"rS"pz T"Qz _P"pS"X"o,
{\"T"QpX"T"QX"_P"pS"X"o$ @{K>S"p Y"p @EF>T"r O"_Y"p Y"OA"T"Zz T"w@> T"pz O"_Y" O"spz _"pXY"z
_"{: @P"z S"rO"X"o ? T"T"Q_Y"p{O"@puX"O\"p{QOY"P": $ @puX"O\"u E" T"Y"X"S"@pu
E"ZNppv - vi
321
{\"\"p`_"X"Y"u QY"X"pS"uS" QY"p@suS" X"S"_"p @pZN"W"tO"uS" T"sZ{W"Qp {"\"uS" V"p`lWY"pX"pQpY" ^"{Q

{\"\"p`@X"pu{ E"O"u T"p^"pN"u O"O"o T"T"Qz @P"z SY"_O"{X"OY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - Qu\"p {_X"S"o _"SO"r{O"
Qu{\", _"@Qu\"pdY"{X"{O" T"T"Q{\""u^"N"X"o $ ^"{Q Z"{_"z`p_"S"T"u T"Y"X"S"@pu
Q"S"pP"X"pB"O"_Y" {\"^N"puZ{O"QY"Y"p Z"{_"z`p_"S"u T"T"Qz {"\"uS" SY"_O"{X"OY"p"Y": $$ 88 $$
Pu
u UP. q zv vnzvS u q
u z zv ] q vi zu.
FQzxU P.
pS"SQ`Zr
T"Q{X"{O" $ ù Qu{\" O"u O"\" T"T"Qz T"pQpB"z @pSO"rS"pz T"Qz _P"pS"z O"P"p {\"T"QpX"T"Qz, S"
{\"O"u T"Qz _P"pS"z Y"_X"pf"QT"Qz {\"T"{f"{S"\"pZ@{X"{O" Y"p\"O"o $ O"p"X"{T" _"{_O"p{Se"@v:
@{K>S"z Y"O@X"K>p: @T"Zz T"w@> T"pz O"uS" _"` @P"z O"spz _"pXY"z S"rO"z T"p{T"O"X"o ? O"P"p O"\"
RY"pS"u BptMB> "sUT"QSpz T"T"Qp{G"O"@EF>T"p{X"{O" $ T"sZ{W"Qp X"`pQu\"uS" T"Y"X"S"_Y"
{\"\"p`_Y" @pu V"p`lWY"pz O"OT"T"Qz pQpY" B"w`rO\"p ^"{Q {"pY"pz @P"z \"p SY"_O"X"{T"O"X"o ?
@"uS" QY"X"pS"uS" QY"pY"su S" X"S"_"p {\"{"uS> ", {\""u^"N"u O"wO"rY"p $ X"wQ@l s _"sX"psT"qZ_P"pT"S"p`_Y" O"_Y" @K>pZu {"pY"pX"T"N"u {@z O"_Y" QY"p S" G"pO"u{O" W"p\": $ T"p{N"B"`N"@pu \"Zpu
\"R"tX"X"pS"X"p@pX"Y"O"r{O" B"wpuO\"p{QOP"z \"{N"O"X"o $ pb"uT"ppZ: $ _Y"pO@T"Z:
@T"ppu&rOY"X"Z: $$ 88 $$
Bu
u UP. (89)
*
S"A"vS"p@rN"pz @Z@X"_"puE""{"{W":
O"N"pz {Q\Y"pS"pz `_"O" \" O"u E"{NL> E"ZN"pv $
Up{S" _\":_P"uWY":1 {@_"Y"@ZpB"uN" QQO"pz2
QqZuWY"pu W"pz {dY"X"{S""X"pY" QQO"pv $$ 89 $$
|P |Pzn PP [P\ \]:
322
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -89
un v| u C u \si \n >
{ :u: 1 Q PUn uuu 2
uz z a A{\| uuu >> (89)
1. _\"_P"uWY": u:
2. QR"O"pz uuu.
u:& \si ! ! \siP ! Q PUn. xP

G P ~, u: H & EUS mk,
(u:& | Eh {US mk), { uuu [Pz
uQ, v| un & uPzx [P, uz: H
GPUS, z a [P u (|u) Iazu, A{\ &
Gx, A EhUSh uuu u\n & PkUQ E
viP, |Pzn uPzx sP, PP[P\\]:&
u PPa _[Q ha \Q \v , |P:& |P[P
u C & P]UQ .
|Pw vv\ || uSn G u | { Qx.
bX"rR"Zp
S"A"v: S"A"Zv:, S"p@rN"pz _"sZpS"pS"pz "EY"pQrS"pz, @Z@X"_"puE""{"{W": @Zp
\" @X"p{S" O"u^"pz _"puE"u X"s@s rW"p\"u "{"S": E"SpOX"@p: T"pQQ"S"\"upY"pz
S"A"@pSO"Y": E"S{@ZN"p \" O"O@ZpS"o X"s@s Y"{SO" "{_"SR"pS"z @pZY"{SO" $ O"N"pz
\"wb"pN"pz, {Q\Y"pS"pz {Q{\" W"\"pS"pz, `_"O": $ O"N"pz `_"O" {O" @X"{N" ^">r $ `X"SO"pv \" O"u
O"\", E"{NL> ! W"B"\"{O" ! E"ZN"pv Up{S" _\"__P"uWY": _\"B"_P"uWY" \" S" O"s QqZuWY" {O"
{\""u^"N"\""p OT"O"rY"O"u $ {@_"Y"@ZpB"uN " {@_"Y"p \" @Zp: O"u^"pX"B"z O"uS", QQO"pz {Q"O"pz,
QqZuWY"pu QrS"uWY"", W"pz X"SQpz {dY"z bX"rz, {S""z _"\"Qp, pY" "rC",z QQO"pv $
Y"X"P":- @T"\"wb"p: {@_"Y"@Zv: _\"__P"uWY" \" p"pS"s_"pZuN" "S"v"S"v: Uz QQ{O" $
O"u T"pQpWV"sG"z O"s _\"__P"WY"pu QqZuWY"" "rC"z W"pz {dY"z QQpO"r{O" \Y"{O"Zu@: $ e"uOP"z
T"QY"puG"S"p - ù E"{NL> ! {@_"Y"@ZpBpNu " _\"__P"uWY": \" Up{S" QQO"pz {Q\Y"pS"pz O"N"pz
QqZuWY"pu W"pz {dY"z {S""X"pY" QQO"pv O"u E"ZN"pv S"p@rN"pz @Z@X"_"puE""{"{W":
S"A"v: `_"O" \" $ e" \Y"{O"Zu@ppZ: _UsJ> \" $ _" E" _\"__P"uWY" OY"e" u^"pS"sT"p{N"O"
OY"S"s_"SR"uY"X"o $$ 89 $$
u
! PzvUS un Esk. Q
E"ZNppv - vi
323
E u PP [Ph u u u sk. Eh A[P

US mk u QP ~ xP Hu Pg\
Pg\P Gu u. E \n[P, US mk,
C[PzuUP { GUS Gx EhUSh | uQ
\zu [S. \n[P |P[Px Q {
CuP CuU Pmkxh, u Gv si {Q uu u
PP Ag\PU Sa \. u { Qsh
\u mQz uP Sxk? Cu PPzv
u Qsh \Q.(89)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
drQu\Y"p"ZN"@X"Y"pu: W"G"S"pW"r>T"QpS"T"\"N"O\"X"p` - S"A"vqZ{O" $ ù E"{NL>,
W"G"S"{\"T"{W""S"T"E"NLu,>
S"p@rN"pz Qu\"pS"pS"pz, @Z@X"_"puE""{"{W":,
T"N"pX"_"X"Y"u Qu\"pS"pS"pz @Z@X"X"s@s r@ZN"u "{"T"vS"A"v:, O"\" E"ZN"pv {Q\Y"pS"pz O"N"pz
`_"O" \" $ @X"{N" ^">r $ @T"O"S"o `_"O": OY"P": $ `p_"u ùO"sX"p` - UpS"r{O" $ Up{S"
>p{S" _\"_P"uWY": _"sA"uS" {O">QWo Y":, P"\"p _\"B"_P"uWY":, {@_"Y"@ZpB"uN " QQO"pz
{@_"Y"p@pZ@ZpB"Nu " T"Y"EF>O"pz, QqZuWY": {dY"X"{S""z pY" _"\"Qp OY"P"|, W"pz
S""Zpz, {\"O"ZSO"pv $ @T"O"Z\": X"ZN"pS"SO"Zz _\"B"_P"uWY": _"sA"uS" {O">QWo Y"pu Qu\"uWY""
Up{S" {@_"Y"@ZpB"uN " QQO": $ O"\" E"ZN"pv, ù E"{NL>@u , E"X"O@pZ@pqZ@p{SO"@pu{QBpSO"v: S"A""{"{W": @T"O"S"o `_"O" OY"P": $ e" _\"_P"uWY" {O" {>T"Q_"pX"PY"pO"o @T"O"`p_"pu&{W"pu{O"O" {O" _"X"p_"pu{: $ _\"W"\"p_O"Z\": @ZpB"Nu " _\"B"\"p{_"WY": @{O"T"Y"{QS"vS""Zpz {dY"z @Qp{E"O"o QQ{O", O"\" E"ZN"pv E"v{`@pX"s{^X"@_"sA"_"SO"pS"_"X"s{_"O"pz {dY"z {\"O"ZSO"pv `_"O" {O" {@X"p"Y"{X"{O" W"p\": $$ 89 $$
Uzu
Uu |UPiP iv ! uuP E
n[P x AP u PP SuS E
\n[P |P[P \v Ju Pn. E \n[P PP
[PU P \Q. PP ] (u)
Pzv (: u.) AP u mk PP
xPQ P~ uQx. H GPUP A J
uv. H GPUS Aa \zu Gx
uS E viP uQ. PP[P Cu
P Qmi szUPUS mk uQ. E \n[P
324
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -89
C Czu Chh u. uu
C Gv PT {Q. Au \n[P |P J PPzuU
P \Qx. (89)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
E"ZN"Y"puqZ>pP"T"QpS"T"\"N"O\"X"u\"p` - S"A"vqZ{O" $ E"NL>O" {O" E"NL>r @puT"S"p, O"_Y"p:
_"zV"s{:, ù E"{NL> W"G"G"S"{\"T"pG"S"QmZr@ZN"S"vT"sNY"uS" S\"P"p{W"R"pS"u Qu{\" $ Qz E"
X"p@NLuY> "u T"{_"X"o $ {S""z {S"ZSO"Zz, QqZuWY"pu QrS"uWY":, W"pz _"X"wpz,
_"X"_O"@Y"pN"p_T"Qpz \"p, {dY"z T"Qz, pY" "rC"X"u\" $ pBH"{J>OY""_"ppY" OY"X"Z: $
QQO"pv _"\"Qp {\"O"ZSO"pv, "e"SO"uS" \"O"X"pS"pP"@ - L>pQu"uS" _"\"u T> "QpS"T"\"N"O"p _"tEY"O"u $
O"u W"\"OY"p:, E"ZN"pv T"pQpv, O"WY": O"Gc"p{\"{O" R\"{S": $ S"p@rN"pz _"sZpS"pS"pz
"EY"pQrS"pz, @Z@X"_"z@puE""{"{W": @Zp \" @X"p{S" T"G"p{S", O"u^"pz _"z@puE"u X"s@s S"u
"{"{W": E"Sv:, Qu\"pS"pS"pz Qu\"r_"u\"p\"_"Zu zG"{@ZN"uS" @Z_"z@puE"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ S"A"v:
S"A"Zv:, {O"R"\"vqZOY"P": $ {@_"Y"pSY"u\" @Zp:, O"u^"pX"B"Nu ", _\"__P"uWY": _\"B"_P"uWY":,
S" {O\"O"Zpu@\"p{_"WY":, _"sA"uS" {O">SO"r{O" _\"_P"p:, O"uWY"pu R"{S"@uWY"", S" O"s QqZuWY"
OY"{W"_"{SR": $ Up{S" X"S"puZP"pS"o, QQO"pz {\"O"ZO"pz, {Q\Y"pS"pz {Q{\"W"\"pS"pz, O"N"pz
@T"\"wb"pN"pz, `_"O": _X"Y"O" \" $ W"\""ZN"pv E" {O"QqZ_"X"wdrT"QpS"T"ZpY"N"pv,
_"@pu@_"\"u Q> pS"b"X"pv _"SO"pv, Qu\"O"pS"pX"u\" >pP"QpS"T"\"N"pS"o d\"N"T"P"X"pe"B"O"pS"o
QrS"G"S"p\"S"{\"X"sA"pS"o @T"O"S"o `_"O" \"uOY"P": $ @X"{N" ^">r $ T"@Y"pS"sT"p{N"O"uY"X"e"
`_"S"puOT"b"p $ O"Y"p E" _"@pu@_"pR"pZNY"uS" >pP"{\"O"ZN"_"pWY"pz E"ZN"pWY"pz,
_\"B"\"p{_"WY" \" @{O"T"Y"{QS"\"{O"S""Z drT"QpO"%N"pz @T"O"N"pz SY"tS"O"p, O"Y"pu"
\Y"{O"Zu@pu \Y"GY"O"u $$ 89 $$
Anv
} \sj & Pzu CPU Psh. E UuP x
APv Pzu kzxQ. E viP P HUS
\ UP \zuz uv u. EQ A
zu [P. PP[P, |
uUS mk, uz u. HU Pv
AUP. A E \n[P |P[P P \Q. (89)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
S"A"vqZ{O" $ ù S"pZpY"{N", O"\" E"ZN"pv _"ZpuG"z G"Y"O":, O"e" {@z {E"e"{X"OY"sX"o $ QpS"rz
E"ZNppv - vi
325
O"s E"ZN"pv {Q\Y"pS"o @T"lX"pQrS"{T" G"Y"O" OY"sEY"O"u $ ù E"{NL>, (T"pQp T"{{T" {\"S"p"
{E"OT"pK>:) O"\" E"ZN"pv {Q\Y"pS"pz O"N"pz @T"lX"pQrS"pz `_"O": $ e" @X"{N" ^">r $
O"S"sT"`_"O": $ @v:S"A"v:, {@zb"N"vS"A"v:, S"p@rN"pz @Z@X"_"z@puE""{"{W":, Qu\"pS"p
Y"Qp T"ZX"u"ZrE"ZN"pv S"X"_@s\"{SO", O"Qp O""ZN"_"X"rT"X"pB"OY" X"s@s {O"`_O"v: T"N"X"{SO" $
O"e"puOT"bu "p {@Y"O"u $ Y"z Y"pu Qu\"pS"pS"pz @Z@X"u^"s X"s@s W"p\"pu G"pO":, _"
T"ZX"u"ZrE"ZN"S"A"T"E"ST"W"p_"z_"B"p{QS"u{O" $ S"p@rN"p{X"{O" s@o _"X"p_": $
S"p@rN"pz Y"p{S" @Z@X"p{S" O"u^"pz Y": _"z@puE"pu X"s@s r@ZN"z O"e" "{"S": E"Sp:, O"v:,
{Q\Y"pS"pz {Q{\" _\"B"u W"\"p {Q\Y"p_O"u^"pz, X"SQpZT"pqZG"pO"@T"lX"pQrS"pz {@_"Y"b"N"p_O"s
S"A"p:, _\"EF>SQpP"| S"p@rN"pz @Z@X"p{S" {\@p"Y"{SO" $ _"sSQZz {@_"Y"z ^>p
{Y"pu&pZpY"pT"{E"S\"{SO" $ O"u^"pX"T"@^"X"p` - {@z{\"R"pS"pz, _\"__P"uWY": {@_"Y"@ZpB"Nu ", {@_"Y"z T"\"z O"b"N"z Y"O@ZpB"z O"uS", W"sOY"p{Q QQO":, _\"_P"uWY"pu {S"Zp@suWY":
_\"B"_P"uWY" \" \"p $ X"wO\"p T"t\"Qù OY"pB"uS" _\"B"pu B"XY"O"u $ `_O"z T"_"pY" Y"Qp T"pPY"O"u
`_O"T"_"pZN"z @pZY"{O", O"Qp Uz T"Y"EF>{O" $ E"ZN"Y"puO@^"X"p` - @"pv, QqZuWY"pu W"pz
{dY"z @Y"pN"_"È"Zrz {S""z _"@@pp\"_P"p\Y"p{T"S"rz, pY" _"pb"p{Q`v\" pu@u $
S"X"_@pZS"pSO"ZrY"@`_O"_"z@puE"z @pZ{Y"O\"p QQO"pv, QqZuWY"pu Ql:{A"O"uWY"pu&_\"_P"uWY"
{O" $ {@z E" O"u^"pz {@_"Y"T"p{N" @ZpB"pNY"T"@p"@p{S" $ O"\" E"ZNpS"A"p_O"s _"@{Q@oE"@ \"ppT"\"Z@pSR"@pZS"p"@E"{S@pE"X"O@pZE"pO"sZrz QR"pS"p {O" {@z E" O"\" E"ZN"pv
u{`@pX"s{^X"@UQpS"_"X"P"pv O"pS"o `_"O"r{O" {@z {E"e"X"o $ _"X"p_"pu{ZpZ $$ 89 $$
BuQ
u ! E \n[P UQ. Av x. A
PP[PU P \Q. PP[P P zx ]US
u A ~PQ uP G \USh
uQ. Au uu E \n[P Gv PT {P H G
u [Pzu u u Gx [P,
Buzxh Q. u, u, u PP [P P
|P[PQ uP uu u PP (]uS)
UQ. u \n |P[P u { uu
PzuPU Szx Ag\ \a \Q. C[S n[Q
xx. A[S ]UPsk. A[S ||i szu
Czxh ]PUS mk. C[P zu | |izx
H iUS szu mk QmkQ [Pa \
C C. |P J P \v x?
(89).
326
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -89
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
S"A"vqZ{O" $ ù E"{NL> O"\" E"ZN"pv S"A"v{Q\Y"pS"pz O"N"pz @T"\"wb"pQrS"pz `_"O" \"
O"S`_"O" OY"P": $ @X"qNp ^">r $ @P"zW"tO"v:, S"p@rN"pz "EY"pQrS"pz _"sZpzB"S"pS"pz
@Z@X"_"z@puE""{"{W":, @Zp \" @X"p{S" O"u^"pz _"z@puE"pu X"s@s rW"p\":, O"e"
"{"S""SpOX"@p:, T"pQQ"S"\"upY"pz S"A"E"S@pSO"Y":, E"S{@ZN"p \" O"O@Z@X"p{S"
X"s@s Y"{SO" "{V"p{S" @s\"{SO" $ @P"zW"tO"pv E"ZN"pv, QqZuWY"pu&{S""z {S"ZSO"ZX"pY"
H"{J>{O" {dY"z QQO"pv $ @P"zW"tO"pS"pz O"N"pz, _\"__P"uWY"pu S" O"s QqZuWY"pu Up{S"
{@_"Y"@ZpB"Nu " {@_"Y"p \" @Zp_O"u^"pX"B"p{N" O"vQQ O"pz {Q"O"pz QqZuWY"pu&W"pz bX"rz
{Q"O"pX"o $ Y"X"P":- @T"\"wb"p: {@_"Y"@Zv: _\"B"_P"uWY" \"p"pS"s_"pZuN" "S"v: "S"v:
{dY"z QQ{O" $ T"QpzV"sG"z O"s _\"_P"uWY"pu QqZuWY"" {dY"z QQp{O" $$ 98 $$
uzw
EP E UP.
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" T"pQT"S"A"pS\"N"Y"{O" - S"A"vqZ{O" $ ù E"{NL> O"u O"\" E"ZN"pv S"A"v{Q\Y"pS"pz O"N"pz
`_"O" \" $ S"p@rN"pz _\"B"u \"O"X"pS"pS"pz Qu\"pS"pS"pz @Z@X"_"puE""{"S": E"Sp {O"
S"A"{\""u^"N"X"o $ W"\"pS"rE"ZN"S"A"pS"o S"X"_@s\"O"rS"pz Qu\"pS"pS"pz @Z@X"p{S" X"s@s {O"p{S"
W"\"SO"r{O" S"A"pS"pz "{"O\"X"o $ _\"_P"uWY": _\"{B"WY": $ {Q\Y"\"S"uWY"pu {\""u^"z \"O"sz E"ZN"pv
{\"{"S"{> - QqZuWY"pu W"pz @Y"pN"T"pz {dY"z bX"rz {S""z {S"ZSO"Zz pY" "rC"z QQO"pv
T"Y"EF>SO"pv $ O"N"p{X"{O" X"O"W"uQSu " @X"NY"{T" ^">r $ Y"{T" E"ZN"Y"puZe" \"N"S"z T"O"rY"O"u
O"P"p{T" @ZN"O\"uS" S"A"pS"pX"{T" \"N"S"X"o $$ 98 $$
uzu\vP &
EP uu UP. (89)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù E"{NL> ! X"`pY"pu{B"S"pz Y"puB"{_"Y"u O"f"wQY"_""pO"Y"puB"{S"Y"X"{\"Zpu{R"W"tO"@pX"
@puR"puW"X"pu`
X"QX"pO_"Y"pAY"pqZ^"Lo\> "B"T"X"R"s@v J>W"X"{`^"p_"sZZV"rG""sWW"{S""sWW"^"LoQ> Ov Y" X"QT"{\"X"puE"S"pY" E"NL>S"O"Y"p @puR"S"O"Y"p B"w`rO"QlB"p\"u^"p E"NL>r O\"X"u\" {S"{\"NN"X"pub"Qp{Y"S"r{O", O""pX"np _"XV"s{V"pu{R"O"u, S" O\"T"Y"p_"u, _\"__P"uWY": _\"B"\"p{_"WY":
E"ZNppv - vi
327
T"tN"R"S"uWY": {@_"Y"@ZpB"uN " T"\"`_O"uS" Up{S" QQO"pz @Y"pN"@T"O"N"pz O"\" E"ZN"pv

`_"O" \" $ S"uS" T"@pZuN" B"sN"p{R"Y"pO"o $ {@z O"QoB"sN"p{R"Y"z S"pX" ? O"u A"s @T"O"Z\":
_\"_P"uWY": _"zT"tN"R"S"uWY": R"S"z T"Y"EF>{SO" $ O"\" E"ZN"pv O"s QqZuWY": {@"S"uWY": W"pz
_"zT"tNpp| {dY"z R"S"_"zT"QX"{S""z _"\"Q\v "ppY" \"uB"uS" pB"oH"{J>OY""_"ppY" _": pDo> X"Dob> "s E"
lO"X"o {O" {\"": $ QQO"pv _"\"Qp QpO"sX"s
s pv, "e"SO"_Y" \"O"X"pS"@p_"zV"SR"pO"o $ O"\"
E"ZN"Y"pu: QpS"@X"{\"Z`pu S"p{_O" $ \"zW"tO"pv O"\" E"ZN"pv S"p@rN"pz Qu\"pS"pS"pz
@Z@X"_"z@puE""{"{W": @Z@X"_"z@puE"@X"{N" E"SpY"X"pN"v: $ Qu\"{Y"p: A"s "{z
@wO\"p S"X"_@pZ\"upY"pz @Z@X"_Y" _"z@puE"pu W"\"{O" $ "vS"A"v: E"ST"@p"vqZ\" {Q\Y"pS"pz
Qu\"O"N"pz `_"O" \" Qu\"O"S"sT"`_"O" \"uOY"P": $ {\"\"b"pO": @pZ@p{N" W"\"{SO" {O"
\"Z{E" _"te"SY"pY"pO"o @X"{N" ^">r{O" {\"\"b"p $$ 98 $$
isi
& } \sj. QP P u {, PzvS
Gv P, P, , , u, z G B GvP
iP u x, Ph, , Uu , _, {_, G B
AP \UP AhUP mkz u Pk P Psk
xUPP u } \sj, Au |zv US Uv u, E
viP PP[P PP h PP Gx u
[S. E \n |P J ]h PPzvh _miU PmiU
P \Q. (89)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
S"A"vqZ{O" $ O"u E"ZN"pv {Q\Y"pS"pz O"N"pz @T"\"wb"pN"pX"o $ `_"O" \", _\"_Y"
B"sN"p{R"Y"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ O"N"p{X"{O" @X"{N" ^">r $ S"A"v: @"v: ? S"p@rN"pz
_\"B"pS"pS"pz @Z@X"_"z@puE"u `_O"T"G"X"s@s r@ZN"u "{"{W": E"SpY"X"pN"v:, T"N"pX"_"X"Y"u
{O" W"p\": $ `p_"ùO"sX"p` - UpS"r{O" $ {@_"Y"@ZpB"Nu " S"\"QT"`_O"pB"Nu ", _\"_P"uWY":
_\"B"{_P"O"uWY":, P" E" R"S"p{QX"f"Y"p _"s{A"O"uWY": $ Up{S" QQO"pz, O"N"p{X"OY"_Y"
{\""u^"N"X"o $ E"ZN"pv {\"{"S"{>, QqZuWY"pu QlB"O"uWY":, W"pz _"zT"tN"p|, {dY"z bX"rz, {S""z
{S"ZSO"Zz, pY" H"{J>{O", QQO"pv T"Y"EF>SO"pv OY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - E"NL>p: T"E"NL>p:
UQpS"u, pQY": Qu\"p _Y" W"p: _"SO"r{O", E"NL>r E"p_"pv E"ZN"" E"{NL>E"ZN":, O"pv
E"{NL>E"ZN"pv, T"pMv U> QQu\"p{dO"p{\"OY"P": $ "u^"z _"X"pS"X"o $$ 98 $$
328
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -90
Pu
UQ . qzv Ax, z uv
hP z u UuPPU Pshu q
vi \si \n. (89)
pS"SQ`ZrJ>r@p
S"A"vqZ{O" $ ù E"[NL>, O"u O"\" E"ZN"pv S"A"v: @ZN"v{Q\Y"pS"pz {Q{\" _\"B"u G"pO"pS"pz O"N"pz
@T"@\"wb"pN"pz `_"O"pu `p_"z @sO" \", _\"pT"ub"Y"p SY"tS"B"sN"O\"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ `p_"_Y"
"sO"Y"p \"N"S"rY"O\"p{QY"X"sOT"bu "p $ O"N"p{X"{O" `_"R"pO"sY"puB"pO"o @X"{N" ^">r $ @"vS"A"v:
S"p@rN"pz @Z@X"_Y" `_O"T"_Y" _"puE"u X"sN"u "{"{W""SO"sY"v: T"NppX"pY"
@wO"p"{O"pQ"pY"p{X"{O" W"p\": $ O"N"pz @"pS"pz, _\":_P"uWY": _\"B"_P"uWY":, P" E"
_"s{A"WY": {@_"Y"z T"\"_O"mT"pu Y": @Zpu `_O"_O"_Y"pB"Nu " Up{S" QQO"pz, QR"O"p{X"{O" T"pKu>
R"pZY"O"p{X"OY"P": $ Qz E" `p_Y"u @pZN"X"o $ O@^"u ùO"sB"W"| {\""u^"N"X"p` - O"pv @"pv pY"
H"{J>{O" QqZuWY"pu W"pz {O""{Y"O"pz {dY"z _"zT"Qz QQO"pv $$ 89 $$
Bu
EP u UP. (90)
*
QQpS"u QrS"uWY": {dY"X"{S"" X"p"p1S"s_""rz

X"SQz _"pvSQY" T"@Z2X"@ZSQz {\"{@Z{O" $
O"\"p{_X"SX"SQpZ_O"V"@_"sW"B"u Y"pO"s E"ZN"u
{S"X""SX""r\": @ZN" E"ZN":3 ^"Jo>E"ZN"O"pX"o $$ 90 $$
uu| w|: a{\ 1 \~z^:
Au uP 2 Pu Qv >
u u uP P x \n
{ : Pn \n: 3 m\nu >> (90)
1. X"rppS"s \ 2. _O"V"@ uP, 3. E"ZNpv: \n:
E"ZNppv - \n
329
Cu _P : G 27 x _Pzuz uhx uP
Uzu & uzu \vP E]P Pv AuP
P UP ux.
u:& w: & H GUS, B\ A~zâ &
|iuPa \a \, A{\ uu| & C P
Gx uQx, Au uPPu & A AQ
S Puzu, Qv & CUQx, uuPP &
u [PzvPx, A u\n & Ex Cuz
vi, Pn \n: & zxh E Ix Ps u
bv[PU PPPU Psk, : & G z, m\nu
x & BP shP BPmk.
UuUu, u z, g]uzuu
u u |[P { .
bX"rR"Zp
QQpS"u QQ{O", QrS"uWY"pu QqZuWY":, {dY"z bX"rz, {S""z p"pS"s_""rz
\"pIF>pS"sT"pz, X"SQz {R"@z, _"pvSQY"T"@ZX"@ZSQz _"pvSQY"_Y" p\"NY"_Y" T"@Z: _"X"t` \"
X"@ZSQ: T"s^T"Z_": O"z, {\"{@Z{O" {b"T"{O", O"\" W"\"OY"p:, {_X"S"o Y"X"pS"u,
X"SQpZ_O"V"@_"sW"B"u @T"\"wb"B"sEF>_"pvW"pBY"\"{O", Y"pO"s T"pT"nYs "pO"o $ E"ZN"u T"pQpVG"u, {S"X""S"o
{S"O"Zpz X""S"z @s\"S"o, X""r\": `z E"p_"pv G"r\"" X""r\":, @ZN"E"ZN": @ZN"p{S"
T""u{SY"p{N" X"S"^^">p{S" O"pSY"u\" E"ZN"p Y"_Y" _": ^"JoE> "ZN"O"pz W"X"ZO\"X"o $ e"uOP"z
T"QY"puG"S"p - ù W"B"\"{O" ! QrS"uWY": p"pS"s_""rz {dY"z {S""z QQpS"u X"SQz
_"pvSQY"T"@ZX"@ZSQz {\"{@Z{O" X"SQpZ_O"V"@_"sW"B"u {_X"S"o O"\" E"ZN"u @ZN"E"ZN": X""r\":
{S"X""S"o ^"JoE> "ZN"O"pz Y"pO"s $ e"p{O""Y"pu{ZpZ:, E"ZN"_Y" @X"O\"uS" {S"B"rY"pRY"\"_"pS"pO"o $ X"SQpZ_O"V"@_"sW"B" OY"e" T"X"ppZ: $ S"Y"pu__"z_"w{>: $ @ZN"E"ZN" OY"e"
T"@z, @ZN"pS"pz E"ZN"O\"uS" T"N"pO"o $ X""r\"^^"JoE> "ZN"O"pz Y"p{O\"OY"e" T"qZN"pX"ppZ:
_T">: $ S"Y"puZpqW"p\"uS" _"Z: $ _"pvSQY"T"@ZX"@ZSQz {\"{@ZO"rOY"e" T"@z
{S"B"rY"pRY"\"_"pS"u {S"{X"f"X"o $ O" \" S"v@Qu"T"@X"o, \"Y"\"pS"pz T"{O"T"pQS"pO"o $
@ZNpE"ZN"^^"JoE> "ZN"O"pz Y"p{O\"{O" UO\"uS"puu "pO"o \"Y"\"O\"z O"_Y" $ O"pu&{_X"S"o E"ZN" {O"
pZpuT"{\"^"Y"O"Y"p E"ZN"X"sT"pQpY" @X"X"pZpuTY"X"pN"V"sp {S"BprN"{X"{O" _"XY"@o $ \"z
T"qZN"pX"p{O""Y"Y"pu: _"Z \" S" O"s _"z_"w{>qZ{O" RY"uY"X"o $$ 90 $$
330
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -90
u
E vi H GUS APx |mhzvS GvS

H \a \ Gx AUQx. S A AQ
S PuU S _Q PP [P J
uzv [Pzx AS UPx. Av G Ps u
A P Iu zu PPPU Psk BPsk
UPmk. uP, sk x Ax Eg]U SiUS.
u[Pzx \nzv x G zQ sk _ _
x \nuQ u Pmk. (90)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
OP"z W"p\"X"{W"R"pY" O"_Y"p \" W"p\"S"pY"p ùO"sW"tO"z W"{{\""u^"z T"pP"Y"{O" - QQpS"u
{O"$ ù Qu{\" ! QrS"uWY": p"pS"s_""rz {dY"z {S""z QQpS"u, T"sS": X"SQz Y"P"p W"\"{O" O"P"p,
_"pvSQY"_"X"t`Z_"pS"o, {\"{@Z{O" _"{O", {_X"S"o O"\" E"ZN"u, @T"\"wb"@s_"sX"_O"V"@X"S"pu`Zu X"X"
G"r\"pOX"p @ZN"E"ZN"v: X"S"_"p _"` ^"{L>{SY"E"ZN"v:, ^"JoE> "ZN"O"pz Y"pO"s $ {@z @s\"S"o, {S"O"Zpz
X""S"o,O"\" E"ZN"X"SQpZB"sEF>W"{Z_"_"{Ò"pS"SQX"uQZl : _"S"o, {\"^"Y"pSO"Z\Y"pT"pZZ{Ò"W"\"OT"pQY"sB"RY"pS"\""z\"Qpu W"\"O"s $ O"uS" T"t\"pu
W"p\"S"pUT"pu G"T"pu G"T": OY"p{Q{_"{: W"{\"^Y"O"r{O" W"p\": $$ 90 $$
Uzu
vi | u G |UP Uv EUP Cx. (UP
uu.) shP Au PuzvS Bx {P
|mh E \nzvzv \zv E v
sk. Ax GUS {UPmk. (90)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
\"z E"ZN"p\"sT"\"NY" O"e"pOX"X"S"_"puZS"\"ZO"p_"{z T"pP"Y"O"u - QQpS" {O" $ ù Qu{\" !
{S""z {S"ZSO"Zz, QrS"uWY": QqZuWY": p"pS"s_""rz \"pIF>pS"s{T"N"rz, {dY"z u"Y"|, QQpS"u
{\"O"Z{O",W"G"S"_"zT""O"X"r@ZN"T"ZpY"N" OY"P": $ {@z E" X"SQz Y"P"p O"P"p, _"pvSQY"T"@Z
\" X"@ZSQ: T"s^T"Z_":, O"z {\"{@Z{O" {\"{b"T"{O" $ X"SQpZu&{T" QrS"\"pIF>pS"s_"ZN"z
_"pvSQY"T"@Z_Y" X"@ZSQ_Y" E" {\"b"uT": T"{_" \" $ X"SQpZ_Y" T"pqZG"pO"O"Zpu: _\"V"@pu
B"sEF>: O"O_"sW"B"u _"sSQZu, _"\"pW"r>T"QO\"_"pvSQY"pWY"p{X"{O" W"p\": $ O"\" W"\"OY"p:, {_X"S"o
T"t\"pu
B"sN"u X"QS"sB"`pY" T"sS": T"_"pqZO"u E"ZN"u T"pQT"G"u W"\"Q{R">pS"W"tO"_"z{\""ZN"_"z{\""@u
E"u{O" R\"{S":$ {S"X""S"o X"": _"S"o, X""r\": X"X"pOX"S"pu G"r\"pu G"r\"pOX"p, Y"p, `z E"p_"pv
E"ZNppv - vi
331
G"r\"" X""r\":, @ZN"E"ZN": ^"{L>{SY"vZ\u " ^"JoT> "Qv: _"{Ò" OY"P": $ ^"JoE> "ZN"O"pz ^"Lz{> C"O"pz
W"wpY"X"pS"O\"z Y"pO"s T"pT"npOu "s, {S"ZSO"Zz W"\"OT"QpzV"sG" \" _"pu W"tY"p{X"OY"P": $
e"pZpuTY"X"pN"_Y" ^"JoE> "ZN"O\"_Y" Qu\"rE"ZN"p\"{_P"O"u: T"@w O"_Y"puT"Y"puB"pO"o T"qZN"pX"ppZ: $
_" E" _"pvSQY"T"@ZuOY"p{QT"@pS"sT"p{N"O": $$ 90 $$
Anv
u ! E \n[P G AmkQ Cv[P a
_ sk Puzu |kx |mh Dkhmk.
Puzu uhmk. (90)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
QQpS" {O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ T"ZX"pN"pX"T"r"qZ, O"_O"\" E"ZN"@X"u X"X" G"r\"pu
G"r\"pOX"p pRY"p{OX"@pu Qu`: ^"JoE> "ZN"O"pz W"X"ZO"pz Y"pO"s T"pT"npOu "s $ O"\" _\"T"pS"sW"\"pS"SQX"@ZSQ@pX"S"Y"p W"wpY"X"pN"pu W"\"{O\"OY"P": $ @v: @ZN"E"ZN"v: C"pN"Z_"S"pE"b"s:
dpue"O\"S"pu{W": ^"Lo{> W"Z{T" c"pS"u{SY"v:, @ZN"pSY"u\" E"ZN"p:, {G"B"{X"{^"O"Qu"T"pT"@O\"p"ZN"O\"{X"{SY"pN"pz, E"Z{O"Ze" B"OY"P"@O"Y"p T"pY"P": $ E"b"s^"p _"pb"pO@pZ:, Z_"S"uS"
B"sN"@O"S"z E"ZN"pX"wO"T"pS"z, C"pN"uS" {S"X"pY"T"qZX"puT"W"puB":, dpue"uN" B"sN"d\"N"z, X"S"_"p
RY"pS"pS"s_"SR"pS"z, \"z W"\"OT"p{"_"pR"@\Y"pT"pZT"ZpY"N"v: ^"Lo{> W"ZT"r{SY"v: E"ZN"vqZOY"P": $
G"r\"_Y" W"X"ZO"pz _P"pT"{Y"O"sz E"ZN"{\"pu^"N"X"p` - {@zb"N"u E"ZN"u X"SQpZ_O"V"@_"sW"B"u
T"pqZG"pO"@s_"sX"B"sEF>pY"X"pS"u $ W"X"Zz T"{O" O"_Y" puW"S"rY"O"pX"p` - T"sS": {@zb"N"u, QrS"uWY"
p"pS"s_""rz {dY"z {S""z {S"ZSO"Zz QQpS"u, EF>pS"sT"pz bX"rz QQO"rOY"P": $ {@zb"N"pu
G"r\":, {S"X""S"o, O"e"uOY"S"s^"pO"o, {S"ZSO"ZX"{O""Y"uS" X""S"o p_"{z @s\"S"o $ QQpS"u
QrS"uWY" {O" T"_Y" Z`_Y"pP": $ W"\"O@wT"p@J>pb"p\"pu{@O"pS"pz _"pR"@pS"pz {S"\"pN"E"ZN"pWW"pu{R"{S"X""pS"pz S"uQz @wOY"{X"OY"p` - X"SQpZ_O"V"@_"sW"B"u ": _\"T"@p"pAY"z
T"@p"{\"X""pAY"z {S"\"pN"pAY"z O"u _\"@Y"_O"V"@W"tO"z Y"f"Q{N"X"pv> "Y"O\"z X"SQz S"
X"SQz, {S"OY"z S" {S"OY"z _"pvSQY"| _"z{\"O"o c"pS"_"X"t`{\"O"ZN""ru $ O"P"p Y"pu \"v O"p": _"
"WW"sZ\u "u{O" W"p\": $$ 90 $$
BuQ
u ! G zS B PP. Ix bv[P
A. z sk Ea _ E vizu
UPmk. PsP E u\, |UP E ku, E \n
332
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -90
Auzu Su, UP E {zv nzu Enx, PxP

E Pu Pmx. zu vzx E EPkzv Enx
Azu G E Ahu UQU SUPPU Pmk.
shz u DUP uU PPQ zx n Q viP.
G G B\ Azu {a \. G Au
AuUQ Bx Pmk. Cu P]. D\ P\, \ G
C {n {P u u x[SQ. uPPzv
[Pzx Au J u {. Au UP Aov u Gmk Da
\UvP. A b i [S E viP. (90)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
QQpS"u {O" $ ù G"S"{S" X""r\": `{X"\" G"r\": T"p{N"X"pe"z, S" O"s X"QrY"pu G"r\" {O"
{\"B"`:, O"\" W"B"\"OY"p {_X"S"o T"OY"b"O"pu Y"X"pS"u E"ZN"u {S"X""S"z @s\"S"o @ZN"E"ZN"v:
@ZN"pS"r{SY"p{N" X"S":^">p{S" O"pSY"u\" E"ZN"p_O"v: ^"JoE> "ZNpO"pz ^"Jo> E"ZN"p Y"u^"pz O"u^"pz
W"p\"_O"f"pz W"X"ZO\"z Y"pO"s T"pT"npOu "s $ {@zW"tO"u E"ZN"u, QrS"uWY"pu QqZuWY": T"tN"pÒz "p{\"Z{Ò"uWY": $
W"Y"e"p{T" QqZO\"z, SO"QqZO"p V"pQqZO"p E" $ O"e"pSO"QqZ_\"W"p\"pu&{T" X"pY"Y"p
X"pu{Ò": _"S"o {\""u"ZO"pz T"qZOY"G"O"u $ V"{`QqZ_O"s V"pW"puB"pP"R"S"R"pSY"@oE"SQS"_"pvB"SR"W"\"S"b"ue"T"se"@e"B"G"O"sZB"T"Qp{O"B"N"{\"Z{Ò": @u\"X"A"NL>pS"SQV"puR"T"qZT"tN": $
O"uWY" W"Y"uWY": {dY"X"p"pS"s_""rz p"Y"p WY"SO"Zu \"O"X"pS"Y"p _""rz p"pS"s_""rz
p"pO"sY"T"pz {dY"z T"tN"p`SO"pX"pWY"SO"Zrz, R"S"p{QT"pz V"ppz W"Y"z E" bX"rz {S""z
{S"OY"z QQpS"u QpO"qZ $ T"sS": {@z{\"R"u, X"SQz W"t{Y"z> _"pvSQY"T"@ZX"@ZSQz _"pvSQY"_Y"
p\"NY"_Y" T"@Z: _"X"t`: _" \" X"@ZSQ: T"s^T"Z_":, O"z {\"{@Z{O" {b"T"{O" $ T"sS": {@z{\"R"u
O" \" X"SQpZ_O"V"@_"sW"B"u, X"SQpZ_Y" _"sZO"{\""u^"_Y" _O"V"@pu B"sEF>: O"O_"sW"B":
@X"S"rY": O"{_X"S"o O\"QrY"u E"ZN"pAY"u _"sZO"_O"V"@u XpS"u&T"Y"s{ ^"O"u T"Y"SO"T"ZX"pS"SQpAY"u X"R"sZZ_"Qp{Y"{S" X"X" G"r\"pOX"p W"w: _"O"O"z _"rW"\"{O\"OY"P": $$ 90 $$
uzw
u ! G : A K E. A E \n[P
sk . B A J H. H CP
H, Ezx H G. Ezu H [Q EQ
B CUQ. H Pmkh PnkQ
u, u, Ao, Bh, k, , P & P, , Sv G
Gx Ezx { u xshhu b & Bu
{Cu. Cu HUS Gu C G
H[SQ Ezx HUS } { uQ. Au E \nzu G
E"ZNppv - vi
333
u B \n[P zu v & hu & |mhu &

Aa\n[P SQ Puzu Q Buhmk. (90)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
\"z O"p\"O_P"tQu`\Y"pT"pZX"pe"_Y" W"\"pS"rT"tG"pT"@pZO"pz T"pPY" QpS"rz {"ZrZp{R">pO"s: _\"pOX"S"pu&{T" drW"\"pS"rE"ZN"T"RY"uY"p@pZO"pz T"pP"Y"O"u QQpS" {O" $ ù
W"\"p{S", X""r\"pu X"X"pOX"p O"\" E"ZN"u ^"JoE> "ZN"O"pz W"X"ZT"O"pz Y"pO"s T"pT"npOu "s $ W"X"ZT"O"pX"u\"
S"pX"O"pu&P"O"" \"QS"o _\"pOX"pS"z {\"{"S"{> $ @ZN"p{S" T"" c"pS"u{SY"p{N" ^">z X"S":, O"p{S"
E"ZN"pS"r\" O"{^"Y"T"p{"ùO"sO\"pO"o $ O"v: _"` {S"X""S"o V"{`T"ZO"\Y"pT"pZpu W"tO\"p E"ZN" \"
{O">{"OY"P":$ X""r\" OY"e" E"vO"SY"_Y" _\"T"z Zp`pu: {"Z {O"\"" W"uQX"pZpTY" ^">r_"X"p_"u
V"pu\Y": $ Y"P"p W"X"Zpu S"pS"pB"SR"puW"uS" S"pS"pT"s^T"u^"s W"X"S"o "puW"S"B"SR"Z_"puW"uS" @X" \"
{O">{O", O"P"p _"z_"pZpJ>\"r^"s T"qZW"X"N"T"qZdpSO"pu X""r\"_O\""ZN" \" {O">{O\"OY"P": $
E"ZN"_Y" T"ZX"puQpZO"pX"p` - QQpS" {O" $ Qf" {O" QQpS"z O"{_X"S"o, QrS"uWY": _"@pX"@uWY"
OY"P": $ {S""{X"{O" QpS"p{\"EFuQ> X"p` $ {dY"z {\"{"S"{>, "pS"_Y" _""rz "Z_Y"
_\"_"zT"fY"S"s_"pZuN" QpO"sX"s{E"O"p{X"OY"P": $ W"{ùO"sO\"uS"p{T" E"ZN"z {\"{"S"{> - X"SQX"S"T"z
Y"P"p _Y"pf"P"p $ _"pvSQY"| _O"V"@ \" _"pvSQY"_O"V"@: O"_Y" X"@ZSQ{X"\" {\"^"Y"_"sA"z {\"{@Z{O"
{\""u^"uN" {b"T"{O", O"_Y"v\"pS"SQ_Y"pSY"p{S" W"tO"p{S" X"pe"pX"sT"G"r\"SO"r{O" dsO"u: $
T"ZX"_"pvSQY"X"p` - X"SQpZ_Y" Qu\"\"wb"_Y" _O"V"@:, O"O_"sW"B"u _"sSQZu $$ 90 $$
uzu\vP
y Eh mk [PkUQ h mh
[P \zxh z u Avh uu u
v u Bx Dkhmk. bv[P
\n[P. uz u \h iu A
\n[P. sk n[P Px { u |i Au
Puzu Sx, U Pmi _u G E
viP Ax \nu Pmk. D\z^ G hi D\
u \a\P [P iu [S.
UP[Pmi. (90)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
QQpS" {O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ QrS"uWY"pu QqZuWY": T"tN"p`SO"p{\"Z{Ò"uWY":, $ W"Y"u A"s
QqZp: SO"QqZp V"pQqZp" $ SO"QqZp" _\"Y"z T"qZT"tN"_\"W"p\"p {T" T"ZX"pOX"S":
_\"Y"v\" X"pY"pAY"Y"p "p T"ZX"pu{Ò"O\"pO"o G"{S"O"p{W": @p{\"pZpB"@p{S"Y"{O"{W":
334
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -91
{\"{">O"Y"p {\"""ZrZO"pT"z T"qZOY"GY" _"\"@O"wO \"-_"\"@pX"_"X"wO\"-{S"OY"O\"u_\"O"Se"O\"p{S" _\"O":{_"p{S" T"qZOY"GY", O"{R"X"pS"o {@{"O@O"wO \"-@pX"s@O\"-X"ZN"R"X"O\"{\"{R"{S"^"uR"{\"^"Y"O\"pAY"pS"o B"w`rO\"p {"\"O\"T"qZOY"pB"T"t\"@z T""sO\"z B"w`rO\"p, _"z_"pqZN"pu
\"O"X"pS"p Y"u W"\"{SO" O"u $ V"{`QqZp: V"pW"puB"pP"| R"S"R"pSY"@oE"SQS"_"pvR"W"\"S"b"ue"T"se"@e"B"G"O"sZT"Qp{O"B"N"{\"Z{Ò"p: $ O"uWY" W"Y"uWY"pu QqZuWY": p"pS"s_""rz
WY"SO"Zu \"O"X"pS"pY"p p"pY"p S"s_""rz O"sY"p@pZpz {dY"z T"qZT"tN"p`SO"pz WY"SO"ZrY"pz
R"S"p{QT"pz V"ppz E" bX"rX"sW"Y"rz QQpS"u {S"OY"z T"Y"EF>{O" $ @T"\"wb"_O"V"@_"pR"XY"| E"ZN"u
A" \"O"O"u $ Y"O": @T"@\"wb"pu&{T" Y"pE"@uWY": {dY"z QQp{O" $ X"SQz W"t{Y"z> _"pvSQY"T"@ZX"@ZSQz p\"NY"_"X"t`X"R"sZ_"z@^"N"Y"sz , O" \" X"SQpZ_O"V"@_"sW"B"u, X"SQpZ_Y"
_"sZO"{\""u^"_Y" _O"V"@\"O"o T"s^T"B"sEF>\"O"o _"sW"B"u @X"S"rY"u O"\"p{_X"S"o E"ZN"u, X""r\"pu
G"r\"pOX"p, {S"X""S"o {S"\Y"pG"X"u\" {S"rY", O"P"p p_\"pQZ_"X"S"sW"\"S"o $ {@" @ZN"E"ZN":,
@ZN"p{S" X"S":^">p{S" T"" c"pS"u{SY"p{N" dpue"O\"@oE"b"sC"pN "Z_"S"pAY"p{S" \" ^"Jo> E"ZN"p:
^"Jo> T"Qp{S" Y"_Y" _" O"P"pu: $ W"wpu&{T" ^"JoE> "ZN"pu W"\"{O" $ \"z O\"QrY"E"ZN"pAY"u
_"sZO"_O"V"@u XpS"u T"Y"s{ ^"O"u T"Y"SO"T"ZX"pS"SQ@pZ@u X"R"lZ_"p{S\"O"u X"X" G"r\"pOX"p
W"w: _"O"O"z _"rW"\"{O\"OY"P": $$ 90 $$
isi
n \ x Ezu HP ].
z P z P P {v G Iu U
PmkkzxQx. (P & Ah[Pu \Uv AUSmkzxx. z
& APhu A AUSmkzxx. P & &
[P zuU Pmkkzxx. P & APshP,
, G, B G, {, |P, u, P G
Skzxx, {v & sUP US Au S
Emkzxx.) EP G Cu A C G, G ,
Cv P, G {vu Cx {uP, {z
nzvS EmmhP, uv & v & {u[PUSmmhP
BUSQx. ] _USQx. hP HUS \ k
u Cu SP Esk. C GPUS Au H P
A Gv Jmi E Iazu E \n [SQx.
P Eu. (90)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
QQpS" {O" $ QrS"uWY"pu QqZWY": p"pS"s_""rz {dY"z bX"rz QQpS"u T"Y"EF>{O" _"{O",
_"sE"qZO"X"o - |hS
335
X"SQz W"t{Y"z,> _"pvSQY"_O"V"@X"@ZSQz p\"NY"_"X"t`X"R"sZ_"z {\"{@Z{O", X"SQpZ_Y"

_"sZO"{\""u^"_Y" _O"V"@pu B"sEF>:, O"O_"sW"B"u "puW"S"u {_X"S"o O"\" E"ZN"u, {S"X""S"o {S"rY"
p_\"pQZ_"X"S"sW"\"S"o, X"b"N"pu G"r\"pOX"p, @ZN"E"ZN"v: X"S":_"{Ò"dpue"p{Qc"pS"u{SY"pOX"@v: E"ZN"v: T"pQv: ^"JoE> "ZN"O"pz ^"JoT> "QO\"z Y"pO"s OY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u&TY"u\"X"o $$ 90 $$
Pu
UP EP uu. q zv Au.(90)
pS"SQ`Zr
QQpS"u {O" $ O"\"p[_X"z"ZN"u {S"X""S"o {S"X""rW"\"S"o X""r\": X"O_\"T"pu G"r\":
@ZNpE"ZN"v: E"b"s:dpue"O\"BC"pN"Z_"S"pX"S"puT"v: {SY"vZ\u " ^"Lo{> W": ^"JoE> "ZN"O"pz W"X"ZO\"z Y"pO"s
T"pT"npOu "s $ @"u, {_X"SX"SQpZ_Y" Qu\"O"{\""u^"_Y" Y": _O"V"@pu B"sEF>: \"wSO"_P"T"s^T"_"X"t`:
O"O_"sW"B"u _"sSQZu, QrS"uWY": p"pS"s_""rz \"pzFp> S"sT"pz {dY"z _"zT"Qz QQpS"u $ {{\"R"p QrS"p
W"\"{SO" $ SQqZp V"{`QqZp" $ c"pS"\"vZpBY"`rS"p pp:, R"S"_"zT"{f"`rS"u {O"rY"p:$
O"e" Y"_Y" Y"vSY"S"p"u p"p O"_X"v O"QlT"Y"pu{B"_"zT"Qz T"QpY"uOY"P": $ X"SQz f"X"z _"pvSQY"T"@Z:
_"X"t`: O"mT"z X"@ZSQz T"s^T"Z_"z {\"{@Z{O" $ _"pvSQY"_O"V"@u{O" T"pKu&> TY"Y"X"u\"pP": $$ 90 $$
Bu
UP uu. (90)
*
T"QSY"p_"@L>pT"qZE"Y"z \"pZVR"s1X"S"_":
2
_A"SO"_O"u A"uz3 W"\"S"@`z_"p S" G"`{O" $
4
O"_O"u^"pz {pb"pz _"sW"BpX"{NpX""rZZ{NpO"
EF>pO"o pE"b"pNpz E"ZNp@X"z5 E"pE"qZO"u6 $$ 91$$
uUh\ C 1 x|:
2
4
Puu P 3 |P | v >
Auu ] Po g ou
a\z B\n \nP 5 \\u 6 >> (91)
336
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -91
1. VR"s x. 2. E"SOY"p_O"u,
E"ZSO"_O"u \zu, \uu. 3. pZNp \n

4. _\"{\"b"uT"u _"s{\"b"uT"u , 5. Y"sBpz P, 6. E"qZO"X"o \u.
Cu _P @Qp @pu X"pO": G (98) _Pzukzx uP
Uzu h Axx.
u & \\u & AQ |h ! u Uh \
Bzx |: C & Pi AQ |h mh P
, | & (\n) P: mk AP
UPu: ukP, uP |v & A Eh
kuU Ph. Au: Au \nP (E) vi,
Pogoua \z & AQ oP (\u[PP)
]P J G \UQ, u ] & APUS ],
B\n & vUQx .
]g og siu u, uP|, G u
|[P { .
bX"rR"Zp
T"QSY"p_"@L>pT"qZE"Y"z T"QY"puSY"p_": O"{_X"S"o @L>p {\"S"puQ: O"_Y" T"qZE"Y"{X"\"
WY"p_"{X"\" $ \""VQ__"zW"p\"S"p\"E"S": S"tS"{X"OY"P": $ pZVR"sX"S"_": _"zT"pQ{Y"O"s@pX"p:,
_A"SO": _A"O"Y":, O"u O"\", A"uz A"uS"z {\"p_"z _""pZz, W"\"S"@`z_"p: W"\"S"u
T"qZT"pu{^"O"p: @`z_"p: `z_"{\""u^"p:, S" G"`{O" S" T"qZOY"G"{SO" O\"QS"s_"ZN"z S" @Qp{E"Q{T"
OY"G"SO"rOY"P":$ O": @pZN"pO"o, O"u^"pz @`z_"pS"pz, {"b"pz A"uS"{"b"pz, _"sW"B"X"{N"X""rZZ{N"O"EF>pO"o X"{N"X""rZpu X"{N"T"R"pS"S"tT"sZ: _" E"p_"pv _"sW"B": ZXY"O"Z: $ Y"p _"sW"B"v: X"{N"{W": T"ZpB"p{Q{W": Y"s:, O"_Y" X""rZ_Y" Z{N"O"pS"pz {"{"O"pS"pz F>pO"o
\Y"pG"pO"o $ pE"b"pN"z T"{Q"O"o, E"ZN"@X"z T"pQpXV"sG"z, E"pE"qZO"u ! "puW"S"B"X"S"u !
e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù E"pE"qZO"u ! T"QSY"p_"@L>pT"qZE"Y"z pZVR"sX"S"_": W"\"S"@`z_"p:
_A"SO": O"u A"uz S" G"`{O"; O": E"ZN"@X"z _"sW"B"X"{N"X""rZZ{N"O"EF>pO"o O"u^"pz {"b"pz
pE"b"pN"{X"\" $ e"puOT"bu "ppZ:- X""rZZ{N"O"pS"pz {"b"p\"E"S"pOX"O"Y"p _"XW"p\"S"pO"o $
T"t\"pR"u {O""Y"pu{:, W"\"S"@`z_"pS"pz _\"pW"p{\"@u T"pu^"@G"S"pS"s_"ZN"u T"QSY"p_"@L>pT"qZE"Y"pP"O\"uS" RY"\"_"pS"pO"o _"XV"SR"u _"zV"SR"{S"V"SR"S"p{O""Y"pu{: $ W"Y"puZpqW"p\"uS" _"Z: $$ 91 $$
_"sE"qZO"X"o - |hS
337
u
AQ |h u ! |hSmi mi ]
E P A P AQ |h u
A ]UP mh mk . |hQ ]u E
|h A Q. E vi Eh APUS ] u
] \u[P J vUQ (Azu
|h G TuS P u A |hUP C
Qx GUT six.) (91)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
\"z T"pQpuQ@z T"_O"sOY" O"{O"\"N"S"X"p` - T"QSY"p_"u{O" $ ù E"pE"qZO"u,
T"QSY"p_"@L>pT"qZE"Y"X"pZVR"sX"S"_": E"ZN"{\"b"uT"rpE"pO"sY"X"pZVR"sz @pX"Y"X"pS"p:, A"uz
E"ZSO":, @L>pX"pE"ZSO":, _\"{\"b"uT"u _\"_Y" {\"@X"u _"sW"B"X"{N"X""rZZ{N"O"EF>pO"o
"puW"X"pS"X"{N"S"tT"sZ{S"pN"EF>Su " {"b"pX"pE"b"pN"{X"\", O"u O"\" E"ZN"@X"z W"\"S"@`z_"p S"
G"`{O" S" OY"G"{SO" $ p{T" T"{O"{QS"X"RY"pTY"X"pS"p: O"\" E"ZN"{\"SY"p_"rpz S" W"SO"
{O" W"p\": $$ 91 $$
Uzu
UP u Jmiu. C ]zx E
|hP A . (91)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
\"z T"pQp\"sT"\"NY" O"{O"\"N"S"pT"t\"@z pB"X"pP"| _"tE"Y"{O" - T"QSY"p_"u{O" $ E"pE"qZO"u !
E"p _"sSQZz E"qZO"z _"zE"pZpu B"X"S"z E"qZe"z \"p Y"_Y"p: _"p E"pE"qZO"p, O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{: ù
E"pE"qZO"u, _"sSQZrpB"X"S"u Qu{\", E"qZO"z O"s T"{\"e"u _Y"pO_"zE"pZu \"O"@X"{N" {O" {\"": $
W"\"S"@`z_"p: W"\"S"u B"wù {_P"O"p: @`z_"p: B"w`T"pu{^"O"p ZpG"`z_"p:, ZpG"`z_"p_O"s O"u
E"zE"sE"ZN"vpu{ Ò"v: {_"O"p: OY"X"Z: $ Y"O" {O" "u^": $ Y"O": @pZN"pO"o, O"u W"\"OY"p:
T"QSY"p_"@L>pT"qZE"Y"z, T"QY"puSY"p_"pu {\"SY"p_":, O"_Y" @L>pY"pz T"qZE"Y"z WY"p_"X"pVR"sz
T"p"sz X"S"pu Y"u^"pz O"u, pVR"sX"S"_":, W"\"QrY"T"QT"G"{\"p_"pWY"p_"X"p@pzb"SO" \"uOY"P": $
e" Y"{T" pXW"S"z {\""_"S"{X"OY"X"ZpO"o, T""sX"pW"uO" T""pXW":, O"Qp
T"pQp\"pW"_"u X"C"puS": OY"p{W"Y"sdr`^"T"Y"puB"pO"o pu@\"uQY"pu: pDoT> "t\"pu& Y"z {W"R"pO"s:
{`z_"p\"E"S": $ O"P"p&{T", {S"T"pO"p"puT"_"B"p" R"pO"\""u{O" O"u e"Y": $ S"u@pP"p:
_X"wO"p_O"Gc"v: T"pK>_O"u^"pz {S"Q"S"X"o $$ {O" \"E"S"pO"o, R"pO"tS"pX"S"u@pP"O\"pr@pZpO"o
338
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -91
T"p"P"@O\"z Y"sX"o $ W"uZS"u@pP"O\"z dr`^"_Y"p{W"X"O"z E", @p{E"O_"X"pVR"sX"_"z\"wO"puz

{O" O"OT"Y"puB"pO"o $ Y"p _"X"pZVR"sX"S"_" OY"u\" T"pK>: $ _"X"pZVR"sz @O"s| X"S"pu Y"u^"p{X"OY"P": $ O"sz
@pX"X"S"_"puZ{T" {O" X"@pZpuT": $ A"uz {\"p_"z Y"P"p O"P"p _A"SO":, _"zE"ZSO": T"QY"sB"z S"
G"`{O" $ P"\"p _A"SO": _"zE"ZX"pN"p: A"uz B"{O"z S" G"`{O", S" OY"G"{SO" $
W"\"QrY"T"QpXV"sG"B"X"S"pWY"p-_"p{W"p^"Y"v\" rpB"X"S"z @s\"SO"rOY"P": $ QWY"_O"pO"o {O"
H"uZQpQu": $ O": @pZN"p"ZN"@X"z W"\"OT"pQT"z, E"ZN"Y"sB"{X"{O" {E"OT"pK>: $ _"sW"B":
_"sSQZpu X"{N"X"Y"pu Y"pu X""rZpu S"tT"sZ:, X""rZ: S"tT"sZpu&{Y"pX"o OY"X"Z: $ O"_Y" Z{N"O"_Y"
F>pO"o N"S"\Y"pG"pO"o O"u^"pX"S"s_"ZO"pz `z_"pS"pz {"b"pz B"O"u^"s WY"p_"T"pJ>\"X"pE"b"pN"X"sT"{Q"O"o
\"O"O" {O" "u^": $ X""rZZ{N"O"\Y"pG"uS" O"u^"pz B"X"S"pSY"WY"p_"Y"SO"rOY"P": $ pB"X"pP"_O"s W"\"S"u
drE"@pAY"u B"wù \"O"X"pS"p: @`z_"p:, @pu&\Y"X"R"sZ: @NKu> \"O"X"pS"pu `z_"u{O" X"Se"pu Y"u^"pz
O"u @`z_"p: T""p"uQ{W""p: B"N"T"\"Zp: E"@u "ZB"N"T"{O"@X"S"pP" - rT"S"pP" \"_"SO"pQY":, drE"@p{R">pS"Qu\"O"p EY"SO"u $ O"p" ZpX"@{\"\Y"pAY"pS"u {\"_O"ZuN"pup
>\Y"p: $ T"QSY"p_"@L>pT"qZE"Y"z, T"Qp{S" E"O"sQ " W"s\"S"p{S" _P"pS"p{S", O"u^"pz SY"p_":
_"w{>:, @L>p Zb"N"z, T"qZE"Y": _"z`pZ:, {E"I"o E"Y"S"u {O" R"pO"pu: _"z`pZ_Y"pTY"P"O\"pO"o $
_"\"u^ "pz Su _"OY"u@\"p\": $ _"\"pu Spu {\"W"p^"Y"v@\"\"{O" {O" "ppO"o $
pVR"sX"S"_": T"p"s{X"EF>SO":, O"u^"pz W"s\"S"_"w
> p{Q@ZN"_"pX"PY"X"p"p_"pS"p {O" W"p\": $
A"u {E"Qp@p"u X"OY"SO"z _A"SO": E"ZSO": _"SO":, O"u O\"QrY"z E"ZN"@X"z S" G"`{O" $ O"pu
ùO"pu: O"u^"pz `z_"pS"pz _"sW"B": "puW"S"@{O":, {\"pX"sO\"p{Q{O", @pX"u"Z: $
X"{N"\"OT"@p"O" {O" X"{N": _"sW"B"X"{N":, {S"^@z V"", X""s X"wQ
l : Z: _"X"rZN": `z_":
_"pu&`{X"{O" {S"ZSO"ZG"T"pu Y"_Y" _" X""rZ: {\"p_"z\"{O"pu G"r\":, O"{^"Y"z Y"{N"O"z
\Y"pAY"pO"X"o $ O"_Y" F>pO"o {X"^"pO"o O"\" E"ZN"@X"z {"b"pX"pE"b"pN"z E"b"N""rz
O"OT"@pp@{X"OY"P": $ e" {S"ZSO"Z_"zE"qZ^N"sT"Q{\"SY"p_"@L>pWY"p_""rO\"z OT"bu Y"O"u $ _"
E"puf"ZpR"pu
EF>p{Q"VQv: _"OY"O\"T"{O"T"pQS"T"pT"\"_"{Ò"puOT"bu "pùO"sqZ{O" Y"pu:
_"z@Z: $ O"Y"p E" {\"pWY"_"S"pY" S"vZSO"Y"uN " B"sT"pQT"G"_"u{\"{"^Y"\"wf"pSO"T"O"rO"u:
pZuN"ppZR\"{S": $$ 91 $$
Anv
UP Eu. BP Cu & \U G
P C v[PU Psh 50 ]u Pn[P \Ua, Pnv,
P|u, z|u, u u. \Uzv Avh uuP.
_"sE"qZO"X"o - |hS
339
AP vS EP[P h P JkUP G oP \ &

ua] \ E viP mk Sv.
AP P ]u Pa. : G vzu
K UQ P Au \zuz u \nP
uQx. zU PP Ch Su \Q ]PP
Au P E. (P isizv PsP.)(91)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
T"QSY"p_"u{O" - ù E"pE"qZO"u, W"\"S"@`z_"p p{T" O"\" E"ZN"z S" G"`{O", S"
OY"G"{SO" $ W"\"S"_P"p: @`z_"p: {@zb"N"p: T"QSY"p_"@L>pT"qZE"Y"X"pZVR"sX"S"_" \",
E"ZN"E"ZN"rpE"pO"sZrE"X"O@pZz @pX"Y"{SO", O": _""pZE"pO"sY"pRY"Y"S"@pX"p \" $ T"sS":
{@zb"N"z RY"pT"Y"SO"z, @P"z _\"_Y" {\"b"uT"_"s{\"b"uT"_"sW"B"X"{N"Y"sX""rZZ{N"O"EF>pO"o,
"puW"X"pS"X"{N"Y"sS"tT"sZH"N"O@pZEF>pO"o $ T"{O"{QS"X"u\"X"RY"pTY"X"pS"p {T" O"\" E"ZN"rpX"W"X"pS"p"ZN"pZ{\"SQz S" OY"G"{SO" $ {\"p&T"tN"p $ T"tN"W"p\"u B"s@s_P"pS"z S" C"JuO> " $
T"QSY"p_"pu@_Y" Z`_Y"pP":- pOX"p>pb"ZX"Se"pupZ: $ T"Qu{O" - T"Q `z @L>p ZuU: | `z_"pu
`z_": {"b"p _"pu&`z E"ZN"X"{N" X""rZZN"S"EF>pO"o _\"pù{O" $ puz rz `z_": _"pu&`z _\"p`p $$
91 $$
BuQ
UP Eu. P .
SS |x. Cu & K : G
v. (91)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
T"Qu{O" $ ù G"S"{S" W"\"S"@`z_"p: W"\"S"u T"qZT"pu{^"O"p: @`z_"p: `z_"{\""u^"p_O"u O"\"
A"uz @L>pT"z E"S"z S" G"`{O" S" OY"G"{SO" $ O"QS"s_"ZN"z @Qp{E"Q{T" S" OY"G"SO"rOY"P": $
{@z{\"R"p `z_"p:, T"QSY"p_"@L>pT"qZE"Y"X"pZVR"sX"S"_" \", T"QY"puSY"p_"pu {\"p_"_O"{_X"S"o
@L>p {\"S"puQ: O"_Y" T"qZE"Y"pu&WY"p_": O"X"pZVR"sz _"zT"p{QO"sz X"S"{"f"z Y"u^"pz O"u, O"P"p $ T"sS"ZO"
\" _A"SO": _A"O"Y": _"rB"X"S"uS"v^"pX"uO"QS"sX"rY"O" OY"P": $ O" \"z O"Y"O"u, ù
E"pE"qZO"u "puW"S"B"X"S"u O"\" E"ZN"@X"z _"sW"B"X"{N"X""rZZ{N"O"EF>pO"o _"sW"B"p X"N"Y"pu
Y"{_X""uO"p"pu Y"pu X""rZ: S"tT"sZ:, O"_Y" Z{N"O"pS"pz {"{"O"pS"pz F>ppG"pO"o, O"u^"pz
@`z_"pS"pz {"b"pz _A"S"{"b"pz pE"b"pN"{X"\" {_P"O"X"o $ X""rZH"z@pZ{X"^"uN"puT"{Q"O"rOY"P": $ Y"p ù E"pE"qZO"u _"sSQZE"qZO"u `z_"p_O"\"pZpR"S"u {S"T"sN"p G"r\"p: O"\"
340
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -91
E"ZN"@X"z S" G"`{O" $ {@zW"tO"p:, T"QSY"p_"@L>pT"qZE"Y"X"pZVR"X"S"_" \", T"QpS"pz W"s\"S"pS"pz

SY"p_"pu&\"_P"pS"z @L>p T"qZE"Y"" O"u^"pz _"X"p`pZ:, O"z _"X"pZVR"sX"S"_" \"
_"w{>{_P"{O"T"Y"_"pX"PY"| _"zT"pQ{Y"O"sz T"\"wf"p OY"P": $ T"sS": A"uz _A"SO": @wO"_"zE"pZp: $
{@z{\"R"z E"ZN"@X"z, O"u^"pz O"QpZpR"@pS"pz {"b"pz X"tp{\"p{S"Z_"S"T"pz {\"pX"pE"b"pN"z
@P"Y"X"pS"X"o $ @P"S"u T"@pZX"p` - _"sW"B"X"{N"X""rZZ{N"O"EF>pO"o _"sW"B"pS"pz dup> S"pz X"{N":
dr@pX"u"ZW">pZ@:, X"S"o X"S"_O"_X"p"pY"O"u {O" X"": @pX":, _" {\"O"u Y"u^"pz O"u X"{"S":
_"z_"pqZN": O"pS"rZY"{O" T"Zu Y"{O" QmZr@ZpuO"r{O" X""rZ: "sc"pS"{S"{R": T"ZX"`z_"pu {S"^@:,
O"Y"pu: Z{N"O"z "{VQO"z, O"EF>pf"pG"pO"o _"@{S"^@p{O"B"z O"sZrY"pO"rO"z V""v\"
{"b"X"pN"{X"OY"P":$$91$$
uzw
UP Eu. AQ E mi uu P
P. AP E \nzu mhPv. 14 [P
h & P & JkUP[P ] S ,
GS Az }[P vUQ ]
G ] o Pa _zubzv h. A P &
{P & zu x wu zu vUQ. (91)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" E"ZN"Y"purpB"{O"z \"N"Y"{O" - T"Qu{O" $ ù X"pO"_O"\" E"ZN"Y"sB"z W"\"S"@`z_"p S"
G"Ò"rOY"S\"Y": $ @`z_"pS"sOT"bu "X"pN"pu {\"{"S"{> - A"up {\"SO"u Y"e" O"OA"uz _"rz
E"SO"pu&{T", Y"p A"u p@p"u X"{O""Y"uS" E"SO"pu&{T", O"\" T"QY"puSY"p_"@rL>p
T"b"uT"rp O"_Y"p: T"qZE"Y": {"{b"O"pS"pz, pZVR"sX"S"_" \" $ sXT"uQ\"Y"X" OY"S"uS" O"sX"sS"pu
X"puT": $ E"ZN"Y"sB"X"sOT"bu "X"pN"pu {\"{"S"{> - _"s{\"b"uT"u {"b"pz pE"b"pN"z T"{Qp{Q\"uOY"P": $ E"SOY"p qO" T"pKu> W"\"pS"r{\""u^"N"X"o $ _T">X"SY"O"o $$ 91 $$
uzu\vP
UP u Jmix. (91)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù T"ZX"u"qZ ! O\"OT"QSY"p_"@L>pT"qZE"Y"z, E"ZN"{\"SY"p_"rpWY"p_"X"pZVR"sX"S"_" \"
p _"X"SO"pO"o VR"sz X"S"pu Y"u^"pz O"u O"P"pup: $ pDoT> "t\"p {W"Y"{T" {`z_"pY"pz \"O"O"u, O"P"pTY"e"
T"pY"P"pu \"u{QO"\Y":, S"u@pP"O\"ppO"tS"pX"o $ pVR"s{X"{O" O"sX"SO"u X"@pZpuT": $
_"sE"qZO"X"o - |hS
341
sXT"uQ\"Y"X": @wOY"u O"sz @pX"X"S"_"puZT"r{O" \"E"S"pSX"@pZpuT": $ A"uz rpZ_"z Y"P"p

W"\"{O", O"P"p E"ZSO": _"zE"pZz @s\"pN"p:, "ZN"@`z_"p: "ZN"u B"wù \"O"X"pS"p: @`z_"p: $
"ZNpz B"w`Z{b"e"pu: OY"X"Z: $ @`z_"p: ZpG"`z_"p: $ ZpG"`z_"p_O"s O"u E""sE"ZN"vpu{ Ò"v:
{_"O"p: OY"X"Z: $ O"\" E"ZN"z S" G"`{O" S" T"qZOY"G"{SO" $ pu`p@o OY"pB"u {O" R"pO"pu: {J>
V"`l\"E"S"u T"X"o $ G"`p{O" G"`rO": G"`{O" $ {@X"P"| S" G"`{O" ? {"^Y"p Y"P"p B"sz
{\"pWY"p{_"S": _"u\"SO"u, O"P"p B"{O"rpP"| E"ZN"z _"u\"SO"u `z_"p: $ _"sW"B"X"{N"X""rZZ{N"O"EF>pO"o _"sW"B"_Y" X"S"pu`Z_Y" X"{N"X""rZ_Y" Z"S"tT"sZ_Y" Z{N"O"EF>pO"o "VQ\Y"pG"pO"o,
_\"{\"b"uT"u _\"_Y" E"ZN"_Y" {\"b"uT"u {\"SY"p_"u {"b"pX"WY"p_"\"E"S"X"pE"b"pN"z V"\s "pN"X"o $
T"pRY"pY": {"^Y"pN"pz _\"Y"z T"P"X"O" pE"u$> O"EF~O>l \"p {"^Y">p: T"K>{SO" $ T"sS": {@zW"tO"z E"ZN"z?
E"pE"qZO"z X"S"pu`Z_"pvW"pBY"X"o E"qZO"z O"s E"qZe"z _Y"pO"o _""pZu \"O"@X"{N" {O" {\"": $
\"zW"tO"z E"ZN"z B"s_P"pS"rY"z {"^Y"rW"tO"p: @`z_"p S" G"`{O" OY"S\"Y": $ e"v\" pu@u
X"`p@{\"S"p @e"p "ZuN"v\" pB"X""pT"{_"_Y" "ZN"_Y" Qu\"rW"\"S"_Y" drE"@ZpG"R"pSY"p:
_P"pS"u \"O"X"pS"p: @`z_"p: E"@p{R"Qu\"p"@p{R"Qu\Y"" T"pEu Y"SO"u $ @`z_"O\"z O"u^"pX"sEY"O"u @: \Y"X"R"sZ: @NKu> \"O"X"pS": `z_" {O" X"Se"pu Y"u^"pz O"u @`z_"p: T"t\"pu
p"@p{R"Qu\"O"p_O"u E" T""p"uQ{W""p W"\"{SO" $
O"e" T"P"X"z B"s"@u "Z:, S"SO"Zz B"N"T"{O": _"\"pZ{S"{\">: >pfu "Z"O"R"p {W"":$
z E"@p\"{_O"pue"u @drT"sZB"puT"sZ{E"SO"pX"{N"B"w`X"sA"{T"p"u^ "s $ >pfu "Z"O"R"p{_P"O"T"P"X"T"N"pX"u X"`pB"N"u"pS"{X"{O" $ S"pS"p\"wb"X"`pupS"u @pS"pP":, O"O": T"t\"| @ppY"_"@
E"O"spZT"p@pu rT"S"pP": $ @T"O"\"p{J>@pY"pz \"_"SO": $ _"SO"pS"\"p{J>@pY"pz B"r^X"S"pP":,
`qZE"SQS"\"p{J>@pY"pz \"^"pS"pP":, X"SQpZ\"p{J>@pY"pz "ZO"sS"pP":, T"pqZG"pO"\"p{J>@pY"pz
{`X"O"sS "pP":, @QXV"\"p{J>@pY"pz {"{"ZO"sS "pP":, O"e"v\" Y"pX"pXV"p, T"s^T"ZpB"\"p{J>@pY"pz
X"wOY"s"Y"S"pP":, T"ZpB"\"p{J>@pY"pX"{XV"@pQu\"r, B"puX"uQ\"p{J>@pY"pz dr@p_"{^"N"r,
`rZ@O"\"p{J>@pY"pz {\""p\"_"sB"SR"\"T"{O":, \"vLY>t "X"{Np\"p{J>@pY"pX"S"SO"S"pP":, `qZO"X"{N"\"p{J>@pY"pz \"uQX"pO"p B"pY"e"r, X"spX"{N"\"p{J>@pY"pz T"t\"W"pB"u Qu\"uSS"pP":, O"_Y"p: Q{b"N"u
W"B"\"pS"o \"v"pS"Z:, O"_Y"p Y"pXY"p"pY"pz Y"X"S"pP":, O"_Y"p Q{b"N"T"{"X"u {S"i{O"S"pP":,
O"_Y"p: T"{"X"{QBW"pB"u \"N":, O"_Y"p \"pY"\Y"u X"pO"S"pP":, O"_Y"p f"Zu @sV"uZS"pP":,
O"_Y"p: T"pB"sf"Zu {\"{R"\"l:$ Qu\"Qp\"p{J>@pY"pz \"pO"pr, {\"lX"O"p\"p{J>@pY"pz
V""S"pP":, X"p{N"Y"X"NL>T"u dr{\"^N"s:, _"`_O"XW"X"NL>T"u "XW"sS"pP":, X"wO"\"p{J>@pY"pz
O"pZpQu\"r, pS"SQ\"p{J>@pY"pz \"pN"r Qu\"r, {\"X""\"p{J>@pY"pz @s@spQu\"r,
342
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -91
V"ppO"T"EF>pY"pY"pz X"pO"NL>W"vZ\":, E"{S@pupZ@EF>pY"pY"pz _"puX"S"pP":, wpZT"qZA"pY"pz

X"SX"P"S"pP":, X"`pT"pJ>\Y"pX""T"tN"p, {E"SO"pX"{N"B"w`ZpG"T"pBpZu QlB"pW">pqZ@p, O"_Y"
Q{b"N"pZu _"Z_\"O"rW">pqZ@p, O"_Y" T"{"X"pZpSO"u X"`pe"vT"sZ{_"pSO"_"X"Y"S"pP":,
O"_Y"puf"ZpZu _"XT"O@Zr W">pqZ@p, {E"SO"pX"{N"B"w`pWY"SO"Zu @sX"pZ@pX"u"Z:,
T""V""X"`pX""pR"_O"pO"o drV"pp{XV"@p, {E"SO"pX"{N"B"w`ZpG"z T"qZO"pu X"`p"XW"sS"pP":,
{E"SO"pX"{N"B"w`ZpG"O"t{@pT"rKu>
drT"tOY"XV"p,
{E"SO"pX"{N"B"w`ZpG"T"t\"pZpuf"ZX"{R"{>O"p
X"Se"\"e"X"pO"r, O"_Y"p \" Q{b"N"W"pB"X"{R"{>O"p X"Se"\"pZp`r, E"@ZpG"X"`pZP"wu
_""pS"S"W">pqZ@p, drE"@_P"pS"u drdr@pX"u"ZW">pZ@:,
OP"z T""p""@W"pB"S"p{Y"@p: @`z_""VQ\"pEY"p_O"u _"\"u drS"B"Zu {@z @O"s| {O">SO"rOY"p`
- T"QSY"p_"@L>pT"qZE"Y"{X"\" $ T"Qp{S" _P"pS"p{S" E"O"sQ" W"s\"S"p{S" O"u^"pz SY"p_": _"w{>:,
@L>p Zb"p{\"R"pS"z, T"qZE"Y": _"z`pZ:, {E"I"o E"Y"S" {O" R"pO"s: _"z`pZu&{T" \"O"O"u, SY"p_":
@L>p T"qZE"Y"" SY"p_"@L>pT"qZE"Y"X"o $ _"\"pu Spu {\"W"p^"Y"v@\"Qo W"\"{O" $ O"QpVR"sX"S"_":
T"p"sX"S"_": $
O"Qlz W"\"{O" - _\"uEF>Y"v\" T"Qp S"pz W"s\"S"pS"pz _"w{> - {_P"{O" - _"z`pZ_"pX"PY"| _"XT"pQ{Y"O"sz
T"\"wf"p {O" $ O" \" A"uz E"ZSO": A"u {E"Qp@p"u O\""ZN"RY"pS"_"X"Y"u X"OY"P"| E"ZSO":
@wO"_""pZp: O"\" E"ZN"z S" G"`{O" $ @"z O"\" E"ZN"X"o ? _\"{\"b"uT"u _\"_Y"pOX"S": {\"b"uT"u
{\"{\"R"O"Y"p {W""r@wOY" {S"Z_"S"u$ {\"pY"p: A"s "{Y"X"o - p\"ZN""{{\"b"uT""{"
$ _"p A"s @T"z V""p\"wOY" S"pS"pO\"u&{T" {\"{b"T"O"r{O" \"uQpSO"{_"p{SO"S":, O": _\"_Y"
{\"b"uT"u W"uQc"pS"u _"z_"pZX"tu G"pO"u O"_Y" {S"Z_"S"{"b"pX"pE"b"pN"{X"\" $ P"\"p _\"{\"b"uT"u "puW"S""p_"pv {\"b"uT"" _\"{\"b"uT": {\"b"uT"pu&{\"@T": V""c"pS"z O"{_X"S"o _\"{\"b"uT"u {\"^"Y"u
{O" {\"^"Y"_""X"r, O"QP"{X"OY"P": $ _"sW"B"X"{N"X""rZZ{N"O"EF>pO"o - _"sW"B"pS"pz X"{N":
_"sW"B"X"{N": _"sW"B"du>: dr@pX"u"ZW">pZ@: $ X""rZ: X"S"_"pu G"pY"O"u {O" X"": @pX": $ _"
^"pX"_O"r{O" X"{"S": _"z_"pqZN"_O"pS"o ZY"{O" T"uZY"{O" QmZr@ZpuO"r{O" X""rZ: "sc"pS"{S"{R":
T"ZX"`z_"pu {S"^@: $ _"sW"B"X"{N"" X""rZ" W"pv _"sW"B"X"{N"X""rZpv _"@{S"^@V""N"rOY"P":,
O"{^"Y"z Z{N"O"z \Y"pAY"pS"z O"EF> pO"o O"pG"pO"o _"@{S"^@p{O"B"z O"s Y "p O "rO"z O"\"
E"ZN"@X"X"o, e" E"ZN""VQuS" X"`pT"@p"{\"X""Y"X"sEY"O"u - T"ZV""v\" {"b"pT"X"pE"b"pN"z
O"\" E"ZN"@X"z E"pE"qZO"z X"S"pu`Z\"wf"pSO"z, O"Qu\" E"ZN"z c"pS"W"b"@z E"Z B"{O"W"b"N"Y"puqZ{O"
R"pO"s: $ @X"O\"" {\"@p_"_"puE"R"{X"O\"pO"o, O"_Y" G"B"mT"uN" _"z@puE":, _\"_\"T"uN" {\"@p_""
$ @X"_Y"p{T" {\"@p_"_"puE"pv _\"W"p\"{_"pv $
_"sE"qZO"X"o - |hS
343
OP"z O"\" X"`pT"@p"{\"X""T"z E"ZN"pOX"S"p T"qZN"O"z S" G"`{O" $ O"OA"s T"ZV""T"{O"T"pQ@X"pB"X"S"pX"R"uY"X"P"\"\"uQ_"pZz X"`pQ"S"z T"\"O"{Y"O"sX"u\" W"B"\"O"r _\"_"rX"SO"_P"{_"SQmZT"ZpB"pQu@Qu\"O"p T"ZX"u"ZT"ZX"u"Zr XV"p _"_"G"p{QB"sf"X"pX"o {O"
\"E"S"T"pX"pNY"pO"o T"ZX"u"ZT"ZX"u"Zr S"pX" p{Q"OY"p _"wp> v _\"_"X"Y"_"XT"QpY"{_"P"|
@pE"S" Qu\"O"p _"wp> , O"_Y"p: {"^Y"pu {X"e"u":, O"{EF>^Y": ^">r":, O"[EF>^Y" >rp:,
O"{EF>^Y""Y"pS"pP":, O"_Y" puT"pX"sp, O"_Y"p B"_OY":, O"p: _""B"sT"pQl@p
W"B"\"O"r{\"pY"pz Qu\"pu@u Qrb"p@pqZNY": $ Bp_OY"_Y" {p^Y": @pO"pT"S":, O"_Y" {p^Y"pu
R"X"pE"pY":, O"_Y" {p^Y"pu X"s@upr"Z:, O"_Y" {"^Y"pu QrT"@pS"pP":, O"u E"O\"pZpu B"sZ\":
Qu\"Y"puS"rS"pz {\"pR"ZpQrS"pz T"ZX"u"Zr - dr{\"pQrb"pT"QpO"pZ: $ O"{EF>^Y"pu {\"^N"sQ\u ":,
O"{EF>^Y": T"W"p@ZQu\":, O"{EF>^Y"_O"uG"puQ\u ":, O"_Y" X"S"puG"Qu\":, O"_Y" @Y"pN"Qu\":, O"_Y"
Z"Qu\":, O"_Y" \"p_"sQ\u ":, O"_Y" {"^Y": drZpX"pS"SQ:, OY">pv B"sZ\"pu X"S"s^Y"pN"pz
dr{\"pQrb"@p: $ O"u^"pX"u@puS"{\"z"{O"W"uQpS"pz {"^Y"T"{"^Y"_"SO"pS"T"ZXT"ZpV"`lrW"tO"z
e"vT"sZ{_"pSO"Z"z T"\"O"O"u $ O"QuO"u B"sZ\": @`z_""VQuS"puEY"SO"u$ O"u E"pSY"u E" drE"@S"B"Z\"p{_"S"_O""ZN"T"qZE"Y"p| @Qp{E"Q{T" S" T"qZOY"G"{SO" OY"X"{O"{\"_O"ZuN" $$ 91 $$
isi
x UP Eu. z u ]P S
x P u |h Q.
Ez u u hzu USQ. AuU Pmh nP u
A iUQ. CuU P Q S mk
]P \v. \[P\ C[S BP P UP
\Uu \Uu & uP PPP USQ.
vzu Cx zxQ 50 Pmh \U uuP
PP. S \Ua, G x[P Ax
PsPoUQ 108 PnvP. umh PPzumhzv P |u, |S
PU PUQ x|u.
PPz umhzv u, u iP Q|u,
\uiP |u, u iP \zx |u, u
iP x |u, PuiP ]]x|u, A[P ],
PiP zg|u, zPiP APu
PuiP P[Pp, PuiP Puzu
a, loiP A|u|u, oiP
uu Pz, Uuo iP Sv uz|u,
344
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -91
u zv AUP. uvUQ |u, uQ {v|u,

Q n, hQ u|u, hUQ S|u, hQUQ
h z.
uuiP zu, zuiP |u,
oU shzv q, BUPshzv \|u, Au
iP uu, BuiP p u, \iP
SSu, C { zush, {
|u, ][PP u|u, zh An,
]uo Qzv QUS xUP, u w, S
vzuu|u, hUS zP,
]uoQzv
SPa,
g\zv
RP, ]uo Qzv _ \ |u, ]uo
QyP hzv zv A, ]uoQzv QUS
o vUzu[R, u o v,
\Uuzv
i
u||mhP,
\Uzv
PamhP, G 50 \UuuP P G
AUPkQ. CP G \Q? v|S EP[P
h, P, JkUP G oP Q. AuPP E
\nzvzv Bx Dkku E viP mhPv.
CP EP h u _uvPa \hz uhP
{ Az C\UvP Bn \Uv \Uv. Az
{ Eniui Au i xh U Pmi
HPUQ{a ]ua \Qx. Cu mh Pm]
Au Esh P EnQ ubzu AP
vu u \nzv o. bzu vUQ S
] o Pa. ] u. Cu P P
{PuS Amh xwu E vizu, Ax
P\P \P Ex.
u x , _[Q Ah[S. EPi _UP,
zv . Cx zv UP. CuU Pmh u u
Qmi E ya]x a a G BvS
hzu. Ax ]\, z\, j\, Emj\, \|u,
z, APv, G H S|uP uPUS w
\P. APv ], Pu, u\,
UuPâ, wP|u, G | u Czua \u zu
u SP. wP |u ] q u, P
u, uu, |u, Pnu, zu, u,
_"sE"qZO"X"o - |hS
345
|u G Gs hUS Eu]UQ SP. Cu 19

S|uP vzuu x. CP PP. \U
|Pzv ]UQ CP u\nmh G Pkv. (91)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
T"QSY"p_"u{O" $ O"u O"\" E"ZN"Y"sB"z A"u p@p"u X"{O""Y"uS" E"ZSO": W"\"S"@`z_"p S"
G"`{O" S" OY"G"{SO" $ @"p:, T"QSY"p_"@L>pT"qZE"Y"z E"ZN"{\"SY"p_"rpWY"p_"z
p_"X"SO"pVR"sz X"S"pu Y"u^"pz O"u pVR"sX"S"_": \" E"ZN"Y"sB"z @"z, _"sW"B"_Y" X"{N"X""rZ_Y"
Z"S"tT"sZ_Y" Y"{N"O"z O"_Y" F>pO@T"J>pO"o _\"_Y" E"ZN"_Y" {\"b"uT"u {\"SY"p_"u {"b"pX"pE"b"pN"z
V"\s "pN"z, T"sS": @"z E"pE"qZO"z, X"S"puc"_""pZz, E"qZO"z O"s E"qZe"u _Y"pO"o _"zE"pZu
\"O"@X"{N"$ {O" {\"": $ E"pE"qZO"u {O" T"pKu> _"zV"puR"S"X"o $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - _\"{\"b"uT"@pu
E"pE"qZO"u O@w>B"X"S"T"E"qZO"u {"b"pX"pE"b"pN"{X"OY"S\"Y": $ "u^"z _"X"pS"X"o $
\"_O"sO"_O"s - W"\"S"u drE"@T"b"u T"tG"pY"Se"u @pu&\Y"X"R"sZ: `z_": {O" X"Se": @NKu> Y"u^"pz
O"u @`z_"p"@p{R"Qu\"O"p_O"u E"ZN"@X"z E"ZN"X"c"pS"W"b"@z @X"z _"puE"{\"@p_""p{
vO"T"T""G"B"Qo - vO"pOX"@V""T"vO"pvO"T"QS{X"{O" @spX"wO"\"E"S"pO"o S" G"`{O" S"
OY"G"{SO" $ T"Qp{S" _P"pS"p{S" E"O"sQ "W"s\"S"p{S", O"u^"pz SY"p_": _"w{>:, @L>p Zb"p, T"qZE"Y":
_"z`pZ:, pXW"z @O"s| X"S"pu Y"u^"pz O"u, O"P"p _"w
> p{Q@ZN"_"pX"PY"T"pY"P"| O\""ZN"puT"p_"S"z
@s\"SO"rOY"P": $ A"u QY"p@p"u O\""ZN"z E"ZSO": p_\"pQY"SO": RY"pY"SO" OY"P": $
"puW"S""p_"p\"{\"b"uT""u{O"
_\"{\"b"uT"pu
{S"{\"@T"@T"z
V""c"pS"z,
O"{_X"S"o
{"b"pX"pE"b"pN"X"o $ @"u ? E"pE"qZO"u X"pub"QpS"T""puW"S"E"qZe"Y"su $ W"\"pS"rT"b"u_"zV"puR"S"T"Q{X"QX"o $ _"s>s W"B" u"Y"X"_Y"p_O"r{O" _"sW"B" "Z:, X"{N"\"O"o X""s @ZpuO"r{O" X""r
G"r\": {J>puT"u ZS"oT"OY"Y"pSO"{X"QX"o $ O"Y"puG"r\"u"ZY"pu: Z{N"O"z \Y"pAY"pS"z O"EF>pO"o, O"P"p
E"
O"f\"X"_Y"p{Q\"pY"uS"
G"r\"V""N"puZv Y"EF>p"`QG"`b"N"Y"p
{S"{\"@T"T"z
V""c"pS"X"pE"b"pN"z vO"pvO"T"z O\""ZN"Y"z _"w
> p{Q@ZN"_"pX"PY"pW"pP"| O\"p S"
OY"G"{SO" OY"sW"Y"T"b"u&TY"P": $
W"\"pS"rT"b"u - W"\"S"@`z_"p: drE"@_P"p Qu\"O"p: T""p"O_"@p:; O"P"p {` T"P"X"z B"sE"@u "Z:, O"O"pu B"N"T"{O": _"\"pZ{S"{\">:, O"O"pu S"pS"p\"wb"X"`pupS"u @pS"pP":,
E"O"spZT"p@pu rT"S"pP": $ @T"O"\"p{J>@pY"pz \"_"SO":, _"SO"pS"\"p{J>@pY"pz B"r^X"S"pP":,
`qZE"SQS"\"p{J>@pY"pz \"^"pS"pP":, X"SQpZ\"p{J>@pY"pz "ZO"sS"pP":, T"pqZG"pO"\"p{J>@pY"pz
{`X"O"sS "pP":, @QXV"\"p{J>@pY"pz {"{"ZO"sS "pP": O"e"v\" Y"pX"pXV"p, T"s^T"ZpB"\"p{J>@pY"pz
346
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -91
X"wOY"s"Y"S"pP":, T"ZpB"\"p{J>@pY"pX"XV"pQu\"r, B"puX"uQ\"p{J>@pY"pz dr@p_"^"N"r,

`rZ@O"\"p{J>@pY"pz {\""p\"_"sBpSR"\"T"{O":, \"vQYm "\"p{J>@pY"pz S"SO"S"pP":, `qZO"X"{Np\"p{J>@pY"pz \"uQX"pO"p B"pY"e"r, X"spX"{N"\"p{J>@pY"pz T"t\"W"pB"u Qu\"SS"pP": O"_Y"p Q{b"N"u
W"B"\"pS"o \"v"pS"Z:, O"_Y"p Y"pXY"p"pY"pz Y"X"S"pP":. O"_Y"p Q{b"N"T"{"X"u {S"h{O"S"pP":,
O"_Y"p: T"{"X"u \"N"S"pP":, O"_Y"p \"pY"\Y"u X"pO"S"pP":, O"_Y"p f"Zu @sV"uZS"pP":, O"_Y"p:
T"pB"sf"ZW"pB"u :, Qu\"Qp\"p{J>@pY"pz \"pO"pr, {\"lX"\"p{J>@pY"pz V""S"pP":
X"p{N"Y"X"NL>T"u drX"`p{\"^N"s:, _"`_O"XW"X"NL>T"u "XW"sS"pP":, X"wO"\"p{J>@pY"pz O"pZpQu\"r,
pS"SQ\"p{J>@pY"pz \"pN"rQu\"r, {\"X""\"p{J>@pY"pz @s@spQu\"r, V"ppO"T"EF>pY"pY"pz
X"pO"NL>X"vZ\":, E"{S@pupZ@EF>pY"pY"pz _"puX"S"pP":, wpZT"qZA"pY"pz X"SX"P"S"pP":, X"`pT"pJ>\Y"pX""T"tN"p, {E"SO"pX"{N"B"w`ZpG"T"pBpZu QlB"W">pqZ@p, X"`pX""pR"_O"pO"o drV"pp{XV"@p, {E"SO"pX"{N"B"w`ZpG"T"qZO"pu X"`p"XW"sS"pP":, {E"SO"pX"{N"B"w`T"t\"pZu X"wO"u"Zr,
{E"SO"pX"{N"B"w`ZpG"O"t{@pT"rKu> drT"tOY"XV"p, {E"SO"pX"{N"B"w`ZpG"T"t\"puf "ZX"{N"{R">u X"Se"E"@X"pO"r, O"_Y"v\" Q{b"N"W"pB"zX"{N"{R">;u X"Se"E"@\"pZp`r, E"@ZpG"X"`pZP"wu
_""pS"S"pW">pqZ@p, drE"@_P"pS"u dr@pX"u"ZW">pZ@: $$ 91 $$
Pu
isizv UP. qzv Cx. (91)
pS"SQ`Zr
T"QSY"p_"u{O" $ ù E"pE"qZO"u "puX"S"E"pqZe"u O"\" E"ZN"@X"z W"\"S"u B"wù Y"u @`z_"p_O"u S"
G"`{O" S" O\"G"{SO" $ @pu"p:, T"QSY"p_"u T"pQ{\"b"uT"u Y"p @L>p _"v\" T"qZE"rY"O"u {\""u^"O"pu
c"pY"O" {O" T"qZE"Y": "pp{Q@z pZVR"sz pZzW"{\"^"Y"r@O"s,| pVR"s{X"{O" T"pKu> c"pO"sz X"S"pu
Y"u^"pz O"u O"P"p{\"R"p \" OY"sOT"bu "pY"pX"o $ A"u p@p"u OY"P"| E"ZSO"pu B"EF>SO": E"ZN"@X"z
@"z, _"sW"B"pv Y"pv X"{N"X"Y"pv X""rZpv O"Y"pY"{N"O"z R\"{S":, O"EF>pO"o _\"_Y" E"ZN"_Y"
{\"b"uT"u {\"SY"p_"u {pb"pX"sT"Qu"z pE"b"pN"z @P"Y"SO"z O"\" E"ZN"@X"z ZpG"`z_"pS"pz
T"Q{\"SY"p_"pRY"pT"@{X"{O" T"Y"\"{_"O"X"o $ E"pE"qZO"{X"{O" T"pKu> E"ZNp@X"{\""u^"N"z, E"p
X"S"pu`Zz E"qZO"z B"X"S"z Y"_Y" O"{QOY"P": $ @X"{X"OY"e" Y"sB"{X"OY"{T" {E"OT"pK>: $ E"qZO"z O"s
E"qZe"u _Y"pO"o _"zE"pZu \"O"@X"N"r{O" {\""T"@pu": $
@u{E"{QQz T"X"SY"P"p{T" \"N"Y"{SO" $ W"\"S"u drE"@u {_P"O"p: $ @`z_"p: @u
\Y"X"R"sZu O\"SX"Se"G"T"T"u `z_"p \" `z_"p:, O"u O"u O\"SX"Se"G"p{T"S"pu BpsT"W"wO"Y" OY"P": $
T""V""p_"S"X"o - g\ |
347
O"u^"pz drE"@X"RY"u T"tG"p{\"R"pS"pO"o W"\"S"_P"O\"X"o O"u O"\" E"ZN"@X"z S" G"`{O" $ _"Qv\"
W"G"SO"rOY"p"Y": $ O"u @pp:, A"u z E"ZSO": A"uE"Z{_"{X"SO": T"QpS"pz _P"pS"pS"pz
E"O"sQ "W"s\"S"pS"pz SY"p_": _"w{>: @L>p T"pS"z T"qZE"Y": _"\"O"puW"p\"uS"p\"E"Y": _"z`pZ: $
_"X"p`pZSv@O\"X"o $ T"QSY"p_"@L>pT"qZE"Y"X"pZVR"sz @O"s| X"S"pu Y"u^"pz O"u, O"P"p
E"O"sQ "W"s\"S"_"w
> p{Q@ZN"p{P"S" \"uOY"P": $ @"z O"O"o _"sW"B"pS"pz "puW"S"@pX"pS"pz
X"{N"{"SO"pX"{N": _"B"sN": X"S"_"pu G"pY"O" {O" T"w^"puQZp{QO\"pSX""s: @pX": _" ^"pX"_O"r{O"
X"{"S": _"@pX"p G"r\"p:, O"pS"rZY"{O" T"Zu Y"{O" SO"Y"p{X"O"Y"p O"f"O@X"{N" T"\"O"Y"O"r{O"
X""rZ:, T"ZX"pOX"p, O"Y"pu: _"sW"B"X"{N"X""rZY"pu: Y"{N"O"z E"u{>O"z O"OT"{O"T"pQ@z \"pY"z
O"EF>pO"o, _\"{\"b"uT"u "puW"S"u&{\"b"uT"u {\"b"uT"pW"p\"u {"b"pX"pE"b"pN"X"o $ {\"b"uT"pu S"pX"
X"pY"p\""pQS"pOX"SY"pOX"p\"W"p_": $ _"BpsNp {S"BpsN p V""T"{O"T"pQ@ \"uQ\"pY"p\"V"puR":
O\""ZNpT"_"pQp\"{O" $ X"S"puX"Y"pR"rS" {\"b"uT"{S"\"wf"pv O\""ZN"@X"X"u\" {S"{X"f"{X"{O" W"p\":
$$91$$
Bu
u UP. vS EPhzxU Pzx JkUPu
PP Aoz u \nzvh P. Au oQ
B\U PshP \U Pzx Ezv AuP {
ysk z ], Av Bn Pzu.
Bn [P }UQx E \nP. (91)
*
B"O"p_O"u1 X""O\"z l{`N"`qZu"ZW"wO":2

3
{"\": _\"EF>EF>pY"pC"{J>O"@T"J>T"EF>Q T"J>:4 $
O\"QrY"pS"pz W"p_"pz T"{O"US"ZpB"pN"O"Y"p5
"ZrZr wpZpu Z_" \" "pz Qpu{BR" @sO"s@X"o $$ 92 $$
Puu 1 g\z zn za u: 2
3
]: a\a\ Piu Pha\uh: 4 >
zw| v| Pnu 5
\ a[P C z\ uUv SxP >> (92)
348
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -92
1. BpO"_O"u Puu. 2. R"wO": zu:, 3. {p\"_\" ]. 4.T"J>X"o h. 5. pW"pNpO"Y"p,
pW"pQ{NpO": nu, uou:

u & zn z Da (z) u:& z Da
Gu u[QP, u g\z Pu:& E Pmi { Ahu, ]:
& ], a\a\ PiuPha\uh:& Psti |S uu
Jh z xoP mh, zw| &
Ehx Q JUPvP, v|Pnu &
v \ , \a[P: : C & i ][P
, z\ SxP:& PsP Bzu, uUzv & FmkQ.
g\vP, g\u g\v\, g\u||,
g\p, G u |[P { .
bX"rR"Zp
\"z X"@sJ>p{QT"pQpSO"z \"N"{Y"O\"p T"sS": _\"T"z T"_O"pv{O" - B"O"p: T"p"p:, O"u O"\",
X""O\"z A">pT"O\"z, l{`N"`qZu"ZW"wO": s{`Nppu `qZ{\"^N"s: : "Z O"u
{R"@pqZT"s^"p: X"ù"ZO"f\"pSO"BpO"p: O"u E" O"u W"wO"" $ {V"SO"pu&Y"z "VQ: V"`l\"E"S"pSO": $
W"wO"pu W"wO"@p: $ {\""u^"N"_"X"p_": $ O"u^"pz @pX"T"pN"pz OY"SO"_"{"@w>_"u\"pP"| X""_Y"
T"pQE"O"sY> "T"O"p Y"sGY"O" \" $ {"\": {"\""\Qpu \Y"pAY"pO": {"\"O"f\"pOX"@ \"p{R"@pqZT"s^": Y"p _"Qp{"\"O"f\"X"o $ _\"EF>EF>pY"pC"{J>O"@T"J>T"EF>QT"J>: _\"EF>p E"p_"pv
F>pY"p E" _\"EF>EF>pY"p @p{SO":, _"v\" C"{J>O": @T"J>T"EF>QT"J>: "sW"@p{SO"Zu\" \"pOX"S"p\"{_P"O" OY"P": $ O\"QrY"pS"pz W"\"O_"zV"{SR"S"rS"pz, W"p_"pz @pSO"rS"pz, T"{O"US"ZpB"pN"O"Y"p
T"{O"US"uS" Y"pu ZpB": Z{X"p _"z@ pSO": O"uS"pN"pu Z\"N": O"_Y" W"p\"_O"f"p O"Y"p $ "ZrZr
X"tO":, wpZ: wpZpAY"pu Z_" \" $ wpZZ_": Z\"N" {O" X"`p@{\"T"{_"{: $
\""VQ__"XW"p\"S"pY"pX"o $ "pz W"\"rb"N"pS"pz, Qpu{BR" QlBR"u T"_"tO"u @ZpuO"r{O" Y"p\"O"o, @sO"s@z
pS"SQX"o $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p- ù W"B"\"{O"! O"u X""O\"z l{`N"`qZu"ZW"wO": B"O"p:; {"\":
_\"EF>EF>pY"pC"{J>O"-@T"J>T"EF>QT"J>__"S"o O\"QrY"pS"pz W"p_"pz T"{O"US"ZpB"pN"O"Y"p "ZrZr
wpZpu Z_" \" "pz @sO"s@z Qpu{BR" $
e"uQX"S"s_"SR"uY"X"o
pR"pZ_\"p{R">pS"X"{N"T"tZpS"pÒ"{\""spc"pE"@pOX"@z
^"JoE> "@_"QS"z T"w{P"\Y"{"G"\"pY"sB"B"S"X"S"_O"f\"p{R">pS"z @pQ"u{SY"p{R">pS"z E" $ \"z
pc"pE"@pSO"u @{\"z"{O"O"f\"pSY"{R"{>O"p{S" O"QpOX"S"p\"{_P"O"p{S" $ O"O" T"qZ X"pY"p"s{\"pX"ù"Z_"Qp{"\"pOX"@O"f\"E"O"sY> "z
V""B"SPY"S"SO"ZW"p{\"E"O"spZpOX"@W"tT"sZ{e"-
T""V""p_"S"X"o - g\ |
349
O"Y"pOX"@ drE"@pZE"O"sY> "u {_P"O"X"o $ T"pB"p{QpZQu"u^"s X"pY"pQr{S" E"O\"pqZ O"f\"p{S" $

O"pSY"u\" X""_Y" E"O"s^T"Qp{S" $ "s{\"pY"p__"Qp{"\"O"f\"p{W"{S"\"u"pO"o O"EF>pY"pT"fY"p
_"`@X"pSO"B"O"{"\"__"Qp{"\"pOX"p S"sZpB"\""pO"o "s{\"pY"p__"z\"S"pO"o O"pQpOXY"z
T"O"rY"O"u $ _"`@X"pSO"{__P"O"_Y" E"O"spZpOX"@_Y" @{N"@pT"_Y" drE"@_Y" X"RY"\"{O"E"O"sZdpOX"@V"vSQ\"pT"ZT"Y"pY"_"ZC"p"VQ\"pEY"_"sR"p{_"SR"pv {"\""puX"u
S"{X"{O"$ \"{"z>
_"\"| _"sR"p{_"SR"puX"RY"u (pu. 8) {O" pu@\Y"pAY"pS"p\"_"Zu @{P"O"X"o $ e" O"QoB"sN"ppZpS"sT"p{N"O" OT"bu "ppZ:, {"\"_Y"p{O"R"\"_Y" @pX"u"ZrO"S"s@pSOY"p O"pQmB"sNY"pO"o
"ZrZr wpZpu Z_" \"uOY"sOT"bu "N"p{Q{O" $$ 92 $$
u
Sh u u xvUPmhx. C u
xvUPQx. Ex Pmi , , z, Da G |
u[SQ. Cu | D_uzzv Ah[Q. (h, P,
, vu G oP .) Cu Pmi P,
u] (AU) uzzxUSmmh ] E. E \
ux vUSi \ Psti z xoP, ][P
ikzu Ps Dzx QUQ.
C[S PUP six Cx. u, vh, oP,
A|u, _zv, Bb G B \UQ[P , }, AU,
, BP\, G B uz[P u[P. Eh v
Cv[P u[PS. Bb\Uzv x 21 uz[P.
A , _zuz, a, u], G 4 uz[P
E. Au x Qv Au |S x[P
[P Psh \Uzv |S x[P QUS u
x[P , _zu z, a, u] G |S uz[P.
C g\zv |S u[P. _zuz u]uzzxh
CnQx. Pzv ] u]. A \zu
_zuzh A Cn C JPU Pm] uQ.
Pzv |k |S x[P Psh US (PoP)
\U. Au |k \xa uu Gk. A[P P
G AuUPh. A[S ]\Uv Pm]uQx. uu
zz (a 8) G _P E Cu UP Pn. (92)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
QpS"rz drQu\Y"p {S"OY"wpqZO\"z T"_O"pv{O" - B"O" {O" $ ù X"pO":, l{`N"`qZu"ZW"wO":, T"w{P"\Y""uG"pu\"pO"p{R"T"V""{\"^N"su"Zv: X""E"ZN"O"pz B"O"v: R"wO": {"\": _"Qp{"\":
350
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -92
\Y"puX"p{R"T"{O":, _\"EF>EF>pY"pC"{J>O"@T"J>T"EF>QT"J>:, "sW"@pSOY"p C"{J>O"z @T"J>z F> Y"_Y"

T"EF>QT"J>_Y" p_O"ZN"T"J>_Y" O"p":, O"\" X""O\"z B"O":, _"Qp{"\": _\"EF>@p{SO"T":
p_O"ZN"T"J>: $ O\"QrY"pS"pz W"p_"pz T"{O"US"pW"pN"O"Y"p, O\"O@p{SO"T"{O"
{V"XV"pW"pN"W"p\"uS" wpZpu Z_": "ZrZr\" "pz @sO"s@z Qpu{BR" $ T"ZX"{"\"S"ue"pN"pz @sO"s@z
O"S"pu{O"$ O"P"p E" Y"pX"u - V""p {\"^N"s" " "Z" _"Qp{"\": $ O"u T"" X"`pT"Ou "p
W"tO"p{R"T"O"Y"pu X"O"p: $ E"O\"pZpu X""E"ZN"p: T""X": T"EF>Q: T"J>: $ _"pb"r T"@p"T"uNp
{"\"uS"p{W""{\"B"`p $ O"e"p_"S"u _"X"p_"rS"p {S"W"ZpS"SQ{T"N"r $$ {O" $ Y"{T" wpZZ_":
Y"pX" {O" _"rO""ppQpv T"{O"T"p{QO":, O"P"p{T" wpZZ_"_Y" S"sZpB"T"R"pS"ZG"puB"sN"X"Y"O\"pQN"B"sN" ` T"{O"T"p{QO": $$ 92 $$
Uzu
, z, Da G | , , AU, G
uz[P DaP. AP g\zv |S PP. BP\zv D\
u] g\zv . A iP uu
J i. E \ Ax hx vUP ikzu
][P Pm] uQ. ] AuU Psk UQ. A
P\. ]hx hu Bua \
i u A iuuuP v \. (92)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
\"z Qu\"r_\"T"z, O"_Y"p Y"P"p{R"@pZ{X">pP"{\"O"ZN"z E"puT"\"NY" Qu\"Y"puZv Y"\"N"S"pT"t\"@z
{S"OY"wpqZO\"z \"N"Y"{O" - B"O"p {O" $ ù X"pO": ! l{`N"`qZu"ZW"wO":,
V""{\"^N"sX"ù"Zp: @pZN"T"s^"p:, O" \" {V"W"O"r{O" W"wO":, W"wO"@p: {T"o $ O"u X""O\"z
X""W"p\"z B"O"p: T"p"p: $ V""pQY": E"O\"pZ: E"O"s^T"QrW"tY" W"\"OY"p
OY"SO"_"{"@w>pTu "p_"S"pP"| A">pT"z T"p"p OY"P":$ V""pQrS"pz W"wO"@W"p\"pT"{f"ZpB"X"u^"s
T"{_"p, T"@p{"O"p E" T"t\"X"u\"p_X"p{W": $ z E" _"`S"pX"_"s, T""T"Ou "p_"S"pM>p
T""V""_\"{T"N"r {O" $ {@" _\"EF>EF>pY"pC"{J>O"@T"J>T"EF>QT"J>:, _\"EF>Y"p {S"X"Y"p
F>pY"Y"p R"\"@pSOY"p C"{J>O": @T"J>T": X"pY"pT": T"EF>QT"J>: @{"T"s:, O"QlT"qZ_P"\"z \"p
Y"uS" _":, @{"T"s" _"Qp{"\": {O" \"E"S"pO"o $ @{"T"s@w O"_\"Qu`@pSOY"p @{T"O"puT"qZ\"
OY"P":$ {S"E"pu: T"EF>QT"J>: OY"X"Z: {"\": _"Qp{"\"pu W"\"OT"{O":, O\"QrY"pS"pz
W"\"QrY"pS"pz W"p_"pz N"@p{SO"T"{O"US"uS" T"{O"{V"XV"uS" Y"pu ZpB":, O"uS"pN"O"Y"p,
pNY"\"N"O\"uS", _U{J>@u pNY"_"z@ p{SO"Q"S"p{QOY"P":$ O\"QrY"pS"pz "pz S"ue"pN"pz "ZrZr
T""V""p_"S"X"o - g\ |
351
X"t{O"X"pS"o wpZpu Z_" \", wpZpu Z\"N" {O" @{\"_"X"Y"T"{_"{: $ @pvO"s@z @pvO"t`z,
Qpu{BR" pS"SQz G"S"Y"O"rOY"P": $ e"puz Y"pX"u - V""p {\"^N"s" " "Z"
_"Qp{"\": $ O"u T"" X"`pT"Ou "p: W"tO"p{R"T"O"Y"pu X"O"p: $ E"O\"pZpu X""E"ZN"p:, T""X":
T"EF>Q: T"J>: $ _"pb"r T"@p"T"uN" {"\"uS"p{W""{\"B"`p $ O"e"p_"S"u _"X"p_"rS"p
{S"W"ZpS"SQ{T"N"r {O" $ e" W"p{\"@pz@pZpS"sT"p{N"O"puOT"bu "ppZ: $$ 92$$
Anv
u u Csh CnuP. u snzu u
iPsn a ]UPa \x Psh ]. q z
D_ u] G I EQP Ix oP H. Au
CP
Ax
CoP
{a
\u
g\|| g\p G | T. UP
uu. (92)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
B"O"p_O" {O" $ e" V"{\"^N"su"Z_"Qp{"\"p: T"" X"`pT"Ou "p:
T"w{P"\Y""uG"pu\"pY"s\Y"puX"npX"{R"T"O"Y": $ O"e" {"\": T"ZX"u"Y"p X""@: $ V""pQY""O\"pZpu
X""E"ZN"p: $ _"Qp{"\"_Y" _\"EF>p @p{SO": T"EF>QT"J>: p_O"ZT"J>: $ O"e"p_"S"u
_"X"p_"rS"pY"p: T"ZX"u"Y"p: N"@pSOY"p T"{O"U{O"Y"p pZpu G"pO": _"Qp{"\"pu X"t{O"X"pS"o
wpZ \" @pvO"s@X"pO"S"pu{O" {O" \"NY"O"u $ ù X"pO": {"\": _"Qp{"\":, "ZrZr wpZ \"
X"t{O"X"pS"S"sZpB" \"u{O" "pz @pvO"s@z Qpu{BR" $ "p{X"{O" _""XY"P"u ^">r $ w@> pvO"t`z T"tZY"{O" $
O\"Qo%N> "pz b"s, P"\"p T"ZX"{"\"_Y" b"s $ {@zb"N": {"\": O"u X""O\"z B"O":, X""O"pz
T"p":, X""E"ZN"pT"ub"pY"pX"p` - l{`N"`qZu"ZR"wO":, l{`N"" `qZ" " "Z"
O"v"ZN"O"pX"pT""v:, R"wO": $ T"sS": {@zb"N": _\"EF>EF>pY"pC"{J>O"@T"J>T"EF>QT"J>: _\"EF>@p{SO"\Y"pG"{S"^T"p{QO"T"EF>p{QO"T"J>:, _\"EF>: "uO": @p{SO"_"X"t`pu Y": O"uS" C"{J>O"pu
{S"^T"p{QO": O"p": @T"J>T"EF>QT"J>: @p{SO"\Y"pG"uS" T"EF>QT"J> \"p_O"rOY"P": $ O"e"
{_P"O"p O\"X"sT"p_Y"uOY"P": $ O"P"p E" Y"pX"u V""p {\"^N"s" " "Z" _"Qp{"\": $ O"u
T"" X"`pT"Ou "p: W"tO"p{R"T"O"Y"pu X"O"p: $ O"p_"p T"EF>QT"J>: {"\"uS"p{W""{\"B"`p $ O"e"p_"S"u
_"X"p_"rS"p {S"W"ZpS"SQ{T"N"r $ {O" $ O"e" {_P"O"pY"p_O"\" W"p_"pz @pSO"rS"pz Y"f"e"
T"{O"US"z T"{O"{V"z{V"O"O\"z, O"_Y" pW"uS" @wO"Y"p N"O"Y"p Z{X"np, O"uS"puOT"bu "O"u "ZrZr
wpZZ_" \" $ wpZ"VQuS"pe" wpZX"wW"tO"pu&S"sZpB" EY"O"u, wpZ_Y" Y"pX"\"N"O\"pO"o $
S"sZpB" \" _P"p{Y"O"pX"pT" {\"W"p\"pS"sW"p\"\Y"{W"E"qZO": _"O\"p{S\"O": _" O"s wpZO"pX"p-
352
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -92
T"O" {O" $ @u\"pS"sZpB"O\"uS" Y"e" \"N"S"z O"e"pN"O"Y"p, Y"e" O"s wpZO\"uS" O"e"
Y"pX"O"Y"u{O" $ BpO"p_O"u X""O\"z {O" pu@Z`_Y"pP": - BpO"p {O" O"OT""Qu\" @P"S"uS"
W"pv{O"@V"rG"T""@z, O\"QrY"pS"pz W"p_"pz @pX"@pW"p_"p O"Y"v\"p{R"{>O"p "pz X"RY"u Q"S"pQu\"
G"B"QlOT"{f"z @s\"{SO" Z_" \" _"z_"pZ@L>p{\""u^": $ _"w{>X"S"s:, ò Y"o \"o Zo o | `z Y"z \"z Zz z | `y
Y"y \"y Zy y puz $$ 92 $$
BuQ
UP EP Eu. Cv P] i v &
D, D, K G. (92)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
B"pO"p {O" $ ù T"ZX"u"{Z l{`N"`qZu"ZW"wO": l{`N"pu V""p `qZ{\"^N"s: : _"zÒ"p
"Z: _"`pb": O" \" W"wO"pu&{R"@pqZT"s^"p: O"u O"\" X""O\"z X""T"pQO"pz B"O"p: T"p"p: $ O"u^"pz
@pX"T"pN"pz OY"SO"_"{"@w^J>_"u\"pY"| X""_Y" T"pQE"O"sY> "T"O"p Y"sGY"O" \"u{O" $ {@z{\"R"X""O\"z,
{"\"_\"EF>EF>pY"pC"{J>O"@T"J>T"EF>QT"Jz>, {"\"p _\"EF>p F>pY"p Y"_Y" _" \"z{\"R"p: C"{J>O"pu
{S"{X"O": @T"J>F> R"_O"S"T"prT"@p"@: T"EF>QT"J>pu Y"{_X"z_O"f"P"p, _" O\"QrY"pS"pz
W"\"O_"zV"{SR"S"rS"pz W"p_"pz @pSO"rS"pz T"{O"US"ZpB"pN"O"Y"p T"{O"US"uS" Y"pu ZpB"pu Z{X"p
O"uS"pN"pu Z\"N": O"f"p O"Y"p "pz >rS"pz @sO"s@X"pS"SQz Qpu{BR" T"tZY"{O" $ e"puOT"ub"p $ @
\", "ZrZr X"t{O"X"pS"o wpZ: wpZpAY"pu Z_" \" $ wpZZ_"pu {` "pz @sO"s@z Qpu{BR" $
e"uQX"S"s_"SR"uY"z - l{`N"`qZu"ZW"wO" OY"e" l{`N""VQuS" hB\"uQ: $ `qZ"VQuS" Y"G"s\"uQ:,
"VQuS" _"pX"\"uQ:, "Z"VQuS"pP"\"N"\"uQ: $ O"Qlz {"\"O"Se"u, l{`N"_O"s iE"pz S"pP"pu `qZ_O"s
Y"G"s^"pu X"O": $ p_"pz : _"pX"> ""pP"\"N": _X"wO" {O" $ iB"p{QT"p O\"X"u\"p_"r{O"
U{O"pP": $$ 92 $$
uzw
P AQ Ax oh Pmi PPP P
v BP. U uP, uP, z
uP, Da AunuP u |S g\UP i
u[Q G. U u u[P } ! (92)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
S"S"s V""pQY"pu Qu\"p {T" T"tGY"p: _"SO"r{O", @P"z W"\"pS"rE"ZN"Y"puZ\u "pZpRY"O\"{X"OY"p"zY" V""pQrS"pX"{T" W"\"pSY"p: _"u\"@O\"X"p` - B"O"p {O" $ l{`N"`qZu"Z"VQpS"s-
T""V""p_"S"X"o - g\ |
353
\"pE"@O\"uS" {V"W"O"r{O" O"P"p l{`N"`qZu"Zp Qu\"p OY"P": $ u"Zpv X"`pQu\"X"t{O"W"uQpv $

X""O\"z T"Y"O\"X"o $ {"\"pu&{T" O"u O"\" "pz "ZrZr X"t{O"X"pS"o wpZpu Z_" \" @sO"s@z T"ZX"_"sA"z
Qpu{BR" ZX"Y"O"rOY"P":$ e" T"tZN"pP"pu Ql{`: $ _\"EF>EF>pY"Y"p _\"pOX"T"puO"uS" C"{J>O""p_"pv
@T"J>T"EF>QT"J>" O"f"P"p, @T"JuS> " X"pY"Y"p T"EF>QT"J>: @T"J>T"EF>QT"J>: $$ 92 $$
uzu\vP
UP EP Eu. (92)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
B"O"_O" {O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ, l{`N"`qZu"ZW"wO": l{`N"pu V""p, `qZ{\"^N"s:, :
_"zÒ"p, "Z: {O"ZpuR"pS"@wO"o, O"v"O"s{W": X""T"pQO\"z B"O"v: V""X"Y"v@X""T"pQpY"
S"X"OY"p{QE"O"s"O\"pqZz"SX"{SQZX"Se"pSO"B"O"X"Se"T""@T"pX"pNY"pO"o
T"qZU@T"_Y"
_"Qp{"\"_Y" O"u W"O"pZpu W"pZ@p W"\"{SO", {O" @wO\"p O"vW"wO "pu R"pqZO": {"\": _"Qp{"\":,
{@zW"tO":, _\"EF>EF>pY"pC"{J>O"@T"J>T"EF>QT"J>:, _\"EF>Y"p, F>pY"Y"p _"Qp{"\"_Y" F>pY"Y"p,
C"{J>O": @T"J>T": X"pY"pT": T"EF>QT"J>: f"ZrY"p_O"ZN"\"{\""u^": Y"_Y" O"P"pu:,
_"Qp{"\"_Y" {\""u^"N"X"o $ T"sS": {@zW"tO": {"\":, O\"QrY"pS"pz O\"Q_"X"sQWo "tO"pS"pz W"p_"pz
pv{ÒY"_"zc"pS"pz T"{O"US"pW"pN"O"Y"p _"z@ p{SO"pW"uS" OY"SO"T"pJ>\"N"O"Y"p "ZrZr
wpZpu Z_" \" X"t{O"X"pS"o \" \" $ wpZ: "s{E"\": OY"X"Z: $ "pz @sO"s@z
Qpu{BR" $ @_Y" "pz, W"B"\"O" \" puE"S"pS"pz, SY"u^"pz O"e" T"\"u"pW"p\"pO"o $ W"B"\"OY"p_O"s
T""{"\"X""pZpu`N"z V"`l^"s _P"u^"s dtY"O"u-V""{\"^N"s{"ZpuZ"{S"C"wE> "ZN"pXV"sG"u{O",
T""V""T"T""_UsJ->C"{J>O"X"`pX""_""pZ@ur_"zW"pSO":{O" E", T""V""X"`pX""T"qZ^@ZN"@pqZN"rX"o $$ {O" T""{"\"pOX"{S" X""u {X"{O"p{X"{O"uOY"p{Q^"s V"`lR"p dtY"O"u&O"
\" _"\"Q\u "O"p_"X"{R"@"rO\"z pu@puf"rN"O\"z E" W"B"\"OY"p: $ S" {` O"pz {\"S"p SY"e" dtY"O"u
@pE"S" Qu\"O"p @p"S" Qu\"O"p p_"S"r@wOY" \"_"O"r{O" $$ 92 $$
isi
u UP. vz[P P g\u |:
u Ix v[P Ah[S. uuP BPU Psh uu
Cz u . (92)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
B"O"_O"u X""O\"{X"{O" $ l{`N"pu V""p _"w{>@O"p, `qZ{\"^N"s: {_P"{O"@O"p, : _"zÒ"p,
354
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -93
"Z{_O"ZpuR"pS"@wO"o, O"v"O"s{W": T"pQT"v:, W"wO"pu R"pqZO": {"\": _"Qp{"\"pu&S"sB"p`@:, O"u

O"\" X""O\"z B"O"p: $ @": _\"EF>EF>pY"Y"p "sW"EF>pY"Y"p C"{J>O": @T"JuS> " F>Su " T"EF>QT"J>:
p_O"ZN"T":, _"Qp{"\"_Y" @{"T"sT"O\"pO"o $ O"p"pu "pz _"sA"z Qpu{BR" QQp{O" $ @ \",
O\"QrY"pS"pz O\"Q_"zW"tO"pS"pz W"p_"pz pZ@pSO"rS"pz T"{O"US"pW"uS" N"O"Y"p
T"pJ>\"N"O"Y"p "ZrZr @wO"Qu`T"qZB"`: wpZpu Z_" \"uOY"P": $ O"Qlz Y"pX"u - V""p
{\"^N"s" " "Z" _"Qp{"\": $ O"u T"" X"`pT"Ou "p: W"tO"p{R"T"O"Y"pu X"O"p: $ E"O\"pZpu
X""E"ZN"p: T""X": T"EF>Q: T"J>: $ _"{"OT"@p"T"uN" {"\"uS"p{W""{\"B"`p$ O"e"p_"S"u
_"X"p_"rS"p {S"W"ZpS"SQ{T"N"r $$ {O" $ wpZZ_"_Y" Y"pX"O\"z _"rO""pu, wpZ:
"s{E"\": OY"p{QS"p "sO\"z @pu"u Y"TY"sz , O"P"p{T" S"sZpB"T"R"pS"ZG"puB"sN"X"Y"O\"pO"o
N"O"Y"p&e" \"N"S"{X"OY"\"B"SO"\Y"X"o $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - {"\"pu B"sN"e"Y"Z{Ò":, "s pOX"p, O"\"
X""O\"z @L>p_P"O\"z B"O": pOX"pZpX"O\"pO"o W"\"O": $ _" pOX"p @": ?
l{`N"`qZu"ZW"wO":, `qZqZS:, {W"Qu\ "v: QY"u RY"pS"p\"_P"pY"pz W"wO"pu R"wO": $ T"sS":
@": ? _\"EF>Y"p S"p{Q\"p_"S"pZ{Ò"Y"p F>pY"Y"p V"sp C"{J>O"pu&_"zV":, @T"J>pu
X"pY"p O"mT": p\"Z@O\"pO"o, T"EF>QT"J>pu Y"_Y" _":, O"P"p "s_Y" X"pY"pZ{Ò"O\"pO"o
O\"QrY"pS"pX"r"Z_"zV"{SR"S"rS"pz X"pY"pT"pN"pz W"p_"pz V"srS"pz T"{O"US"pW"pO"o {N"O"pu
G"B"O@O"wO \"p{W"X"p{S"O\"pO"o $ O" \" "sE"vO"SY"_Y" X"pY"pO" OT"bu "O"u "ZrZr wpZ {O",
T"pu&{T" "pz @sO"s@z Qpu{BR" T"\"p{S"\" W"\"O"rOY"P": $ P"\"p {"\"pu X"ù":,
_\"EF>EF>pY"pC"{J>O"@T"J>T"EF>QT"J>:
"uO"@p{SO"@pSO"T"EF>QT"J>T":,
O"
\"
X""O\"uS"pu:$ O\"QrY"pS"pz W"p_"pz Y"pX"@pSO"rS"pz T"{O"US"pW"uS" N"O"Y"p _"tY"O"Y"p
T"@p"@O"Y"u{O" Y"p\"O"o $ "ZrZr wpZpu Z_" \"u{O" wpZ_Y" Y"pX"X"t{O"O\"p{Q{O" W"p\": $$
92 $$
Pu
UP uu. ][P ikzu ]
. u iP u ] u Aux
Pu u ]u ][P . P Hxuu _zu
zhu ], Pu zv v ]u.
qzv P ]n Psh. (92)
pS"SQ`Zr
B"O" {O" $ Ql{`N"pu V""p O"Qp{Q{W""O"s{W": T"pQT"vW"wO "pu R"wO": {"\": _"Qp{"\": O"u O"\"
X""O\"z A">pT"O"pz T"qZ{_P"O"U@T"O"Qu@Qu"O"p{X"{O" Y"p\"O"o $ B"O": T"p": $ _\"EF>Y"p
@Npp - Pn
355
{S"X"EF>pY"Y"p @pSOY"p C"{J>O"pu {S"{X"O": @T"JuS> " F>Su " T"EF>QT"J>: A">pEF>pQ@\"z Y"uS" _"
O"P"p O\"QrY"pS"pz W"p_"pz @pSO"rS"pz T"{O"US"z T"{O"{V"XV": O"pW"puO"pu: {N"O":
Z@wO": $ O"p": _" "pz S"ue"pN"pz P"pO"o O\"O_"È"Zr_"zV"{SR"S"pz @sO"s@z Qpu{BR"
G"S"Y"{O" $ pW"pN"O"Y"u{O" T"pKu> @pvO"s@G"S"S"u @ZN"O\"uS"pS\"Y": $ @ \", "ZrZr
@wO"Qu`T"qZB"`: wpZpu Z_" \"u{O" $ e" Y"{T" wpZZ_"_Y" Y"pX"O"Y"p \"N"S"X"u\"
@{\"_"zT"QpY"{_"X"o $ O"Qlz Y"pX"pu W"\"{O" wpZ: {_"O"pu `p_": T"@{O"O": {O" $
O"P"p{T" ZG"puB"sN"{\"@pZO"Y"p ZO\"uS"pe" \"N"S"z {O" _"zT"QpY": $ X"X" O\"u\"z T"{O"W"p{O",
wpZpAY"pu Z_"pu&e" S" {\"\"{b"O": $ O"P"pO\"u Z_"T"Q\"vY"PY"pO"o $ wpZ: _" O"s
X"t{O"X"p{S"OY"pQpv O"P"p Q"S"pO"o $ {@SO"s Z_"pu ZpB" OY"P": $ wpZpQpv {\"^"u \"rY"u B"sN"u ZpB"u \"u
Z_": OY"X"Z: $ _" E" wpZ_Y" G"S"@O\"pO"o wpZ:, pY"sC"wO "{X"{O"\"O"o $ wX"sO@^"|
iEF>{O" T"pT"np{u O" {O" wpZ: $ iEF> B"O"pv $ _"\"u B"OY"P"p: T"pY"P"p: {O" SY"pY"pO"o $ wz
T"W"sO\"u {"A"Zu {E"u @L>pVz "sY"Se"@u $ {\"^"pN"puO@^"Y"pu"pP" w: _Y"pO@tE""r^"@u {O"
{\""T"@p": $ O"_Y" E" ZpB"_Y" Zp{B"@@X"X"pe"@ZN"_Y" ZG"puG"SY"O"Y"p ZpB"T"Q\"pEY"O"Y"p&e"
ZO\"uS"v\" \"N"S"X"s{E"O"{X"{O" S" {\"ZpuR": $ S"uS"uQz R\"SY"O"u, ZpB"_O\""ZN"O"u {O">S"o
V""pQrS"pX"TY"sT"qZ \"O"O"u $ {@" O"O@wT"Y"p G"B""urO"ZpB"z W"\"uO"o O"Qp O"_Y"puEFuQ> \"
_Y"p{Q{O" "z@Y"p O\""ZN"O"u _"Qp {O">O"r{O" _"sR"r{W"RY"uY "X"o $ V""pQrS"pz
X""T"pQp{QT"O"pup Y"pX"u - V""p {\"^N"s" " "Z" _"Qp{"\": $ O"u T"" X"`pT"Ou "p
W"tO"p{R"T"O"Y"pu X"O"p: $ E"O\"pZpu X""E"ZN"p: T""X": T"EF>Q: T"J>: $ _"z{\"OT"@p"T"uN"
{"\"uS"p{W""{\"B"`p $ O"e"p_"S"u _"X"p_"rS"p {S"W"ZpS"SQ{T"N"r $$ 92 $$
Bu
UP Eu. EP Cu \UP
ChUPu zv \ Gx E AP E BP
Ex(92)
*
Zpp @u"u^"s T"@w{O"_"Zp1 X"SQ`{_"O"u

{"Zr^"pW"p {E"f"u2 ^"QlT""puW"p3 @sE"O"Ju> $
W"w"z O"S\"r X"RY"u T"wP"sZ{_"G"pZpu`{\"^"Y"u4
G"B"Oe"pO"sz "XW"puG"Y"{O" @N"p @p{E"QN"p $$ 93 $$
356
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -93
A P\ Uv 1 uu
] ]zu 2 zx\ 3 S\uh >
\ u z x 4
Pz zx \ v Pt P]ut >> 93
1. Z{_"@p P 2. Bppe"u Pz, 3. ^"{Q\"
@K>pZu p zvPh 4. T"wP"sZ{T" \"Zp,
T"wP"sZ{_" E"pZpu`, T"wP"sqZ\" \"ZpZpu`, T"wP"sZ{_"G"pQup x, x \, x

, x u\
u & P\ A= P\[P _sk u, (_sk
u P\. uu Uv = ] CP
G, ]zu ] = Ezv \P
, S\uhzx\= u\zv AUP
PmiS, zz\ u-= Ch P u,
E x: = R Ck zu. An =
]u \: P]zPn =] J Pn i, Pz zx v &
EPU PUP [Q {Qx.
Paz ovnu}, u uu|
zz, AnnPzzPjuj, BUun,
{n zP \, n, Pn P,
\, u R, u~zz, }]S, uu
zP \|, Uun, x, G u |[P {
Q.
bX"rR"Zp
Zpap \"@p, @u"u^"s S"pSY"e"uOY"P": $ T"@w {O"_"Zap T"@w OY"p _\"W"p\"uS" _"Zap hG\"r,
X"SQ`{_"O"u X"SQ{_X"O"u, {"Zr^"pW"p {"Zr^"@s_"sX"pW"p {O"X"wrOY"P": $ {E"f"u SO":@ZN"u,
^"QlT""puW"p ^"{Q Y" T": T"u^"{N"@p ^"QlT" {O" T"t\"X"u\"puz O"_Y"u\" "puW"p Y"_Y"p__"p $
@sE"O"Ju> _O"S"O"Ju,> W"w"z OY"P"|, O"S\"r @w"p, X"RY"u \""u, _P"tp, Z{_"G"pZpu`{\"^"Y"u
_O"S"{\"^"Y"u {S"O"XV"{\"^"Y"u E" $ {\"^"Y""VQ: _P"\"pE"r $ G"B"O"o T"T""z, e"pO"sz Z{b"O"s,z "XW"pu:
_"Qp{"\"_Y", G"Y"{O" `X"u\"u{O" _UsZO"rOY"P": $ @N"p @wT"p{OX"@p, @p{E"O"o pNY"pZpuT"pO"o X"tO"p @N"u\" W"pO"r{O" \"pY"pP": $ N"pAY"p "{ZP"pQ\"B"O"p $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - "XW"pu: @p{E"O"o @u"u^"s Zpap X"SQ`{_"O"u T"@w {O"_"Zap {E"f"u {"Zr^"pW"p @sE"O"Ju>
^"QlT""puW"p X"RY"u W"w"z O"S\"r Z{_"G"pZpu`{\"^"Y"u T"wP"s: N"p @N"p G"B"O"o e"pO"sz G"Y"{O" $
e" @pX"u"Y"p: N"p@N"p"VQpWY"pz {S"B"rY"pRY"\"_"pS"pO"o {O""Y"pu{: $$ 93 $$
@Npp - Pn
357
u
\a \uu. ]u Pn Ax. P\zv _mh, Ezv
|, ] P , Pzv
AUP Pmi & Pizu, Ch C, Pzv
Ck , \ i Pn. Ax EPU PUP Gx
PuP Ex.
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
{S"{A"{S"B"X"pB"X"T"{_"z T"\"SR"T"{O"T"pz \"_O"s {\""u^"O"pu \"N"Y"{O" - Zpu{O" $ @u"u^"s
Zpp @s{J>p, T"@w {O"_"Zp _\"W"p\"_"Zp X"SQ`{_"O"u, {"Zr^"pW"p B"pe"u, ^"{Q\" {"u\"
@sE"O"Ju> @K>pZu p, W"w"z OY"P"| O"S\"r X"RY"u, T"wP"sZ{T" {\"T"sp \"ZpZpu`{\"^"Y"u, G"B"O"o e"pO"sz "zW"pu:
G"Y"{O" @N"p @p{E"QN"p $ \"_O"sO": _"pb"p{EF>\"p{\"S"pW"tO"{E"EF>u : "ZrZT"qZB"`pu
S"p{_O"$ G"B"O"o e"pO"sz O"p""ZrZpuT"pRY"\"XV"S"{X"{O" W"p\": $ @s{J>O\"_"ZO\"Y"pu:,
@K>pZu O\"X"wQOl \"Y"pu:, O"S"sO\"T"wP"sO\"Y"pu: @p{R"@ZN"u T"{O"T"pQS"p{ZpuR"pW"p_": $
\"Y"\"B"O"R"X"pN"pz \"Y"{\"{S" pZpuT"pO"o \"Y"\"p\"Y"{\"S"pu: W"uQ: T"@{\""u^":
RY"pZpuT"puT"X"pT"ZT"Y"pY": $ Y"P"p OY"pGY": @s{J>_"z_"B"pu {S"_T"w`Nu "p{T" Y""O": $ _\"W"p\"{S"X"p B"p O"Zv: @s{J>pY"O"u $$ {O" $ G"B"Oe"pN"@N"Y"p O"p"ZrZpuT"p{R"z \"XV"X"pS"p O"Y"v "Y"R"sY"p "zW"pu: N"B"sN"{\"{">p @p{E"{"EF>{: G"Y"O"r{O" \"pY"pP": $$
93 $$
Uzu
u UP. ] mk G APu ]z \UvUS
i. B EPU PUP i Hx. _sk vu
|uP, Piu xP, Czvu zxuP,
J skQ uP Ch . ]x
\UP \Uv Cx. (93)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
\"X"u@T""p"EF>pu@v : W"B"\"OY"p: {@ZrJ>p{QT"pQpSO"z \"{N"O"z {\"_O"ZuN" $ Y"{T"
X"pv{O"pu X"pS"\"p \"NY"p Qu\"p"ZN"O": T"sS": {O" @p\Y"@T"O"pY"pz \"N"S"p{S"Y"X"pO"o
{@ZrJ>p{QT"pQpSO"\"N"S"_Y" {\"ZpuR" \" T"{O"W"p{O", O"P"p{T" _"`S"pX"_"s {@ZrJ>p{QT"pQpSO"\"NpS"_Y" T"{_"O\"pO"o S" {\"ZpuR": $ P" O"O_\"T"z ^"s{W": T""{W"R"S"s^"p E"
{\"OY"p{Q"{ZN"p {\""G"SY"p {O" ds{O"T"{_"z T"V"SR"T"{O"T"pz {S"T"Y"{O" Zpu{O" $
358
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -93
@u"u^"s {"Zpuù^"s, Zpp @s{J>p; S"pSY"e"uOY"{W"T"pY": $ Zpz \"w{G"S"z {G""X"o

OY"X"Z: $ B"XY"X"pS"_Y"v\"pT"Y"puB": $ O"P"p X"SQ`{_"O"u {_X"O"u T"@w {O"_"Zp T"@w OY"p _\"W"p\"uS"v\"
_"Zp iG"s:, O"P"p B"pe"u {"Zr^"pW"p {"Zr^"_Y"pW"u\"pW"p Y"_Y"p: _"p {"Zr^"T"s^T"\"O"o
X"wQ
l "ZrZuOY"P": $ {E"f" {O" T"pKu> X"wQ
l {E"f"uOY"P": $ O"P"p @sE"O"Ju> ^"QlT""puW"p
^"QlT"_Y" T"u^"N"r{"pY"p: ppuW"p Y"_Y"p: _"p, T"\"O"o T"@p"X"pS"@sE"O"JuO> Y"P": $ O"P"p
X"RY"u \""u W"w"z OY"SO"z O"S\"r @w"p $ O"P"p \"ZpZpu`{\"^"Y"u du{> S"O"XV"T"Qu "u T"wP"s: T"{P">p,
\"z{\"R"p @p{E"O"o Qp{QOY"ZO\"pO"o N"p {O" T"{_"p "{:, "XW"pu: T"ZX"u"Z_Y",
@N"p QY"v\" G"B"O"o e"pO"sz Z{b"O"sz G"Y"{O" \"O"O"u $ _"X"_O"G"B"b"N"T"ZpY"N"_Y" T"ZX"u"Z_Y"
@N"v\" N"pAY"p "{:$ "{"{X"O"pu: W"uQp{Q{O" O"Y"puZv Y"puO"S"pY"v\"@pZT"Y"puB"
OY"\"R"uY"X"o $ \"_O"sO": {"\"p{W""pY"p: {E"EF>u : X"t{O"R"pZN"_Y" G"B"b"N"pP"O\"pO"o \"z{\"R"p
Qu\"r X"z T"_""p W"tY"p{Q{O" O"pOT"Y"pP": $$ 93 $$
Anv
UP Eu. EvUQ \[Pv \ G ]
\Uv Ax. EPzu PUP x ]US Cu Pn
G \Uv Ax. \UvUS \UuUS Ch i. Csk J.
A Gh A mk. (93)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
Zpu{O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ O\"mT"p @p{E"Qpv{@@ {S"\"E"S"rY"p "XW"pu: @N"p
G"Y"{O"$ {S"\"E"S"rY"O\"X"p` - N"p ZT""ZrZp $ @N"pY"p: @T"puO"\"N"O\"pO"o
N"T"R"pZN"z {\"_X"Y"ùO"s: $ {@z @O"s| G"B"O"o e"pO"s,z O"P"p E" _"pS"sZpB"O"Y"p G"B"Oe"pN"p"Y"p
@T"puO"\"N"-X"sO_"wGY"pN"T"R"pZN"z, @u\"pS"sZpB"_Y" ZO\"uS"v\" \"N"S"_Y" _"zT"QpY"{_"O\"pO"o
$ Y"{T" T"ZX"u"Zr {E"QpS"SQpOX"@{"\"p{W""O"Y"p {S"Zp@pZp O"P"p{T" "ZrZ_"pRY"G"B"b"pX"s{Y"vO"p""ZrZR"pZN"{X"{O" W"p\": $ {@zb"N"p, @u"u^\"Zpp @s{J>p{T" T"@w {O"_"Zp
X"SQ`{_"O"u $ @s{J>O\"_"ZO\"Y"pu: {\"ZpuR"u&TY"P"O"pu {\"ZpuR"pW"p_": $ \"X"B"&u {T"$ T"sS":
{@zb"N"p B"pe"u {"Zr^"@s_"sX"pW"p{T", @sE"O"Ju> ^"{Q\" @K>pZu p $ rN"pz B"pe"p{N" @puX"p{S"
@sE"pv @{K>S"pv {O" b"N"X"o $ T"sS": {@zW"tO"p, X"RY"u \""W"pB"u O"S\Y"{T" @w"p{T" \"ZpZpu`{\"^"Y"u
{S"O"XV"u T"wP"sX"Ò"r $ O"p"r @N"p X"t{O": "XW"sS"pP"_Y" _"\"@w ^N"p {E"@sZ@pT"pQpv $ O"uS"
_"pX"s{@pub"N"_"p{ÒY"z _"t{E"O"X"o $ Zpu{O" O"e"v\" X"Se"RY"pS"{X"{O" $$ 93 $$
@Npp - Pn
359
BuQ
u UP. Gv ]u Pn Tu P Psh.
(93)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
Zpu{O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ, "zW"pu: _"Qp{"\"_Y" @p{E"Q{S"\"E"S"rY"p @N"p @wT"p G"Y"{O",
_"\"puO @^"uN " \"O"O"u $ @N"p_\"T"X"p`-{@z{\"R"p @N"p, N"p pO"pX"Ou Y"P": $ T"sS": @u"u^"s
@sSO"u^"s Zpp \"@p $ T"sS": X"SQ`{_"O"u T"@w {O"_"Zp, X"SQz _\"T"z Y"{_"O"z O"{_X"S"o
T"@w OY"p _\"W"p\"uS" _"Zp iG\"r $ T"sS": {E"f"u X"S"{_" {"Zr^"pW"p {"Zr^"T"s^T"\"QpW"p Y"_Y"p:
_"p O"P"pup {O"X"wrOY"P": $ T"sS": @sE"O"Ju> ^"QlT""puW"p ^"{Q Y" T": T"u^"{N"@p O"_Y"u\"
"puW"p Y"_Y"p: _"p O"P"pup @{K>S"B"sN"Y"su OY"P": $ T"sS"X"RY"u \""u W"w"X"OY"P"| O"S\"r
@w"uOY"P": $ T"sS": Z{_"G"pZpu`{\"^"Y"u T"wP"s:, Z{_"G"Y"puZpZpu`pu Y"{_X"z_O"{^"Y"u {S"O"XV"{\"^"Y"u T"wP"s{\""pp $ {@z @O"s| @N"p G"Y"{O", G"B"Oe"pO"sz {\""z T"{O"T"p{Y"O"sX"o $$ 93 $$
uzw
EPUQ UP. (93)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
\"z O"f"Q\"Y"\"{S"\"N"S"pZp drX"t{O"| {S"\"NY"uQ pS"rz drX"t{O"X"u\" V"`lR"p {\""u^"Y"S"o
\"N"Y"{O" - Zpu{O" $ "XW"pu: @N"v\" @p{E"O"o {S"T"X"p N"p N"pT"p drW"\"pS"rX"t{O"G"Y"O"rOY"S\"Y": $ X"SQ`{_"O"u T"@w OY"p _"Zp _\"pW"p{\"@X"SQ`{_"O"uOY"P": $ T"@w {O"Z{_"@u{O" T"pKu> T"@w OY"p Z{_"@p S"sZuOY"P": $ pZpu`{\"^"Y"u @{J>T"Qu "u $ e" _"\"e" {\"^"Y"u
_""X"r >\Y"p $$ 93 $$
uzu\vP
uu UP. (93)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
Zpu{O" $ ù W"B"\"{O" T"ZX"u"qZ, "XW"puX"t{ O"Z\u " @N"p, {@zT"p ? @u"u^"s Zpp
\"@p, Zpz \"w{G"S"z {G""z X"t{O"X"O@s{"O"z S"O"z OY"X"Z: $ X"SQ`{_"O"u T"`p_"u
T"@w {O"_"Zp _\"W"p\"O" hG"s: $ T"{O"\"O"pS"pz T"P"X"O\"pO"o, SY"rN"p{X"\" E"T"{E"f"pS"pz
X"SQ`{_"O"u S"pG"\"z _"pZY"z S"p{_O" $ O" \" T"@w {O"_"Zp $ B"pe"u "ZrZu&{O"@puX"_"zT"Qp
360
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -94
{"Zr^"pW"p {"Zr^"@s_"sX"\"SX"wr $ @sE"O"Ju> _O"S"W"pZu ^"{Q\" {"u\" @K>pZu p @p{K>SY"B"sN"Y"sp

X"RY"u \""u W"w"X"OY"SO"z O"S\"r O"{S">p, \"ZpZpu`{\"^"Y"u \"Z_Y" du_> Y" pZpu`_Y" {\"^"Y"u _P"pS"u
pZpu`pu G"C"S"z dpuN"r {S"O"XV": r@J>rO"J>: {O" {\"": $ T"wP"s: T"{P"X"B"sN"Y"sp
\"X"p@pZ_"XT""p G"B"Qo W"s\"S"z e"pO"sz "XW"puW"B"\"O"pu X"tO"u\ " @N"p @p{E"QN"p G"Y"{O"
_"\"puO @^"uN " \"O"O"u OY"P": $$ 93 $$
isi
UP Eu. vuP ]uu ]zu\zu
HkQ | Cx ] C. (93)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
Zpu{O" - @u"u^"s Zpp \"@p, X"SQ`{_"O"u ^"p_"u T"@w OY"p _\"W"p\"uS" _"Zp
hG\"r, B"pe"u "ZrZu {"Zr^"pW"p {"Zr^"@s_"sX"\"O@puX"p,> @sE"O"Ju> _O"S"pW"puB"u ^"{Q\" {"u\"
@K>pZu p @{K>S"p, X"RY"u QZu W"w"X"{O""Y"uS" O"S\"r @w"p \"Z_Y" du_> Y" pZpu`_Y" {S"O"XV"_Y"
{\"^"Y"u _P"pS"u T"wP"s: T"qP"X"B"sN"Y"sp pZpu`pu G"C"S"z dpuN"r {S"O"XV": r@J>rO"Ju> $ {O"
{\"":$ \"zW"tO"p X"ù"_Y" "XW"pu: @N"p W"\"pS"rT"p N"p pZ\"N"p
@p{E"Q{S"\"E"S"rY"p G"B"QoW"s\"S"z e"pO"sz Z{b"O"sz G"Y"O"rOY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u $ "z @Y"pN"z
W"\"OY"_X"p{Q{O" "XW"s{\"^N"s_O"_Y" @N"p G"Y"{O", @"r ? @u"u^"s @pu V""p ": {"\":
O"{u^"s Zpp \"@p, X"SQX"_\"T"z `{_"O"X"sT"`p_"pu Y"_X"pO_"pu&X"SQ`{_"O"pu
S"pZQ_O"{_X"S"o T"@w{O"_"Zp _\"W"p\"O"pu hG\"r, z {\"^N"sz B"pY"SOY"B"p \"v^N"\"p_O"pS"o p
_"X"SO"pO"o e"pY"O"u Zb"{O" OY"B"pe"pu \"v^N"\"Zb"@:, Y"p S" B"EF>{O" S" S"Y"{O" OY"Bppu
\"uQ_O"X"p _"X"SO"pO"o e"pY"O"u Zb"O"rOY"B"pe"pu V"p"N"_O"{_X"S"o {"Zr^"\"O"o @puX"p, {"Zr^"pW"p
{E"f"u {O" T"pKu> @pZT"û ":, O"uS" @pZpu {\"^N"s_O"{^"{Y"@ {E"SO"p Y"_Y" O"{_X"S"o \"v^N"\"
OY"P": $ @p{X"SY"p: @sE"pv O"Ju> {S"@Ju> Y"_Y"p_"pv @sE"O"J>: @pX"r O"{_X"S"o ^"{Q\" @K>pZu p, \"Zz
O"T"{_\"S"z pZpu`SO"r{O" \"ZpZpu`p QvOY"p: O"u^"s W"w"z O"S\"r _\"T"p, X"RY"u bXY"p bXY"p
T"qZ T"wP"sV"`
l p, @p{E"O"o @"pOX"{S" _"X"pAY"pO": OY"u@pb"Z@pu^"pO"o @ pOX"p
O"{^"Y"@X"{E"Qc"pS"z Y"_Y" \"p O"{_X"S"o Qu`pOX"\"p{Q{S" N"p S"S"s@t uOY"P": $$ 93 $$
Pu
u UP Eu. q v [Pzv
u q. Au A \. AP\ A & S
]US vPh U Pn. AvP ]UQ |uh |x.
X"Z@O"@ZNL>X"o - PuU Sk
361
q kU Px. uzuU Px. Aunh

Pshx. PPh Pk Pshx. Ah Ax.
h AvPx. Bz Auh ATP
Cux. Au Pn x[SQx. (93)
pS"SQ`Zr
Zpu{O" $ @u"u^"s Zpp \"@p, X"SQ`{_"O"u {_X"O"u T"@w OY"p E" _\"W"p\"uS" _"Zp iG"s:,
{E"f"u X"pS"_"u, B"pe"u OY"{T" {E"OT"pK>: $ {"Zr^"T"s^T"_Y"u\" "puW"p Y"_Y"p_O"p"r
{O"@puX"u{O" W"p\": $ @sE"O"Ju> ^"{Q\" {"p\"O@K>pZu p @{K>S"p, X"RY"u W"w"X"{O""Y"uS" O"S\"r
b"rN"p, Z{_" pZpu`{^"Y"u {S"O"XV"Qu"u E" T"wP"s: _P"tp, N"p Zp O"p"r @p{E"O"o
"XW"pu: @N"p QY"pT"p "{: G"B"O"o e"pO"sz G"Y"{O" O@^"uN " \"O"O"u $ pZpu`pu G"C"S"z dpu{N":
{S"O"XV": r@J>rO"Ju> {O" {\""T": $ pQu"{\"^"Y"u OY"{T" {E"OT"pK>: $$
Bu
UP Eu. (93)
*
@: @_O"tZr ZG"{S"@Z{V"XV"z G"X"Y"z1

@p{W": @T"tZvX"Z@O"@ZNLz> {S"{V"{L>O"X"o $
O"_O\"puB"uS"2 T"{O"{QS"{X"Qz qZ@s`Zz
{\"{R"W"tY"pu W"tY"pu {S"{V"L>Y"{O" S"tS"z O"\" @wO"u $$ 94 $$
P[P: Py {P 1
P: PPuPsh {iu >
AuzzP| 2 v v|u UuS
v {hv | uUu >> (94)
1. G"L>X"Y"z h. 2. _O"puBpuS"uzP|
u & P[P: Py =(\vx) P[P: Pyx. {P
= \v PUP }x. P: P=
\v PP a\U Pzu, PuPsh =a\ zvU
PP\h, {iu = {mhx. Au: Cu - = Au Cx
vv = vu, zzP| = E EQUPmhu,
362
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -94
UuS = Eh hQx. v: = = i
i, u Uu = E mk, {hv | = {Q. Cx {a\.
P \zP[PP| \P, \z{, \\zPu u
u |[P { .
bX"rR"Zp
@: pIF>S"z, @_O"tZr X"wB"S"p{W": ZG"{S"@Z{V"XV"z E"S{V"XV"z, G"X"Y"X"o $ _\"pP"u
X"Y"Jo> $ T""rZ{X"OY"P": $ @p{W": @pOX"@v: @T"tZ :v _"` X"Z@O"@ZNLz> X"Z@O"X"{N"S"p
Z{E"O"X"o$ X"Z@O""VQpu \"N"\Y"OY"Y"uS" X"@Z"VQpQlOT"": X"@ZpO"o X"@ZO": $ X"@Z\"e"p"pO"z
X"Z@O"{X"{O" W"puG"ZpG": $ @ZNLz> {S"{V"{L>O"z SO":T"tqZO"X"o $ O": O\"puB"uS" O"\" Qu\Y"p:
T"W"puB"uS"pS"sW"\"uS" @_O"tZrT""rZ@T"tZ pN"pz S"sW"\"uS", T"{O"{QS"z {QS"u{QS"u Qz
T"qZY"X"pS"{X"SQlX"NL>z qZ@s`Zz "tSY"pSO"Zz, {\"{R": V""p, W"tY"puW"tY": T"{O"{QS"z,
{S"{V"L>Y"{O"$ S"tS"z O"\" @wO"u O"sWY"{X"OY"P": $ P"u @wO"u E" O"pQPY"u {S"T"pO"Y"X"rqZO"X"o {O"
@wO"u"VQ_O"pQPT"u {S"T"p{O"O":, O"puB"u ^">\u " $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù W"B"\"{O" ! @:
@_O"tZr ZG"{S"@Z{V"XV"z G"X"Y"z @p{W": @T"tZ:v {S"{V"{L>O"z X"Z@O"@ZNL>X"o $ O": Qz
T"{O"{QS"z O\"puB"uS" qZ@s`Zz {\"{R": W"tY"puW"tY": O"\" @wO"u {S"{V"L>Y"{O" S"tS"X"o $
e"p{O""Y"pu{ZpZ:, X"Z@O"@ZNL>O\"uS" E"SX"NL>_Y"pRY"\"_"pS"pO"o $ Y"p T"\"ppZ:, Y"z @pu S" W"\"{O" {T" O"s @_O"tZr; Qz ZG"{S"@Z{V"XV"z S" W"\"{O"
{@SO"s V"{`:T"{O"U{O"X"SO"B"O"z T""rZz; X"p: @p S" W"\"{SO" {T" O"s @T"tZ ZG":;
Q{X"SQlX"NL>z SO"{__P"O"\Y"T"{O"US"\""pO"o T"rO"\"N"| T"O"rY"O"u, \"_O"sO"_O"s
"uO"\"N"X"u\"uOY"p\"_P"pT"\"X"ppY"p: T"O"rO"u: $ OT"bu "ppZ"; T"{O"T"Qp{Q{QS"u^"s \"w{b"Y"\"O": E"SX"_": @_O"tY"p{Q\Y"\Y"Y"T"\"u"pWY"pz ^"{O\"_"zT"tN"O\"Y"pu__"XW"p\"S"pO"o $
O": S"Y"puZS"s_"w{>: pqW"p\"uS" T"wP"@o{_P"OY"p \"_P"pS"pO"o $$ 94 $$
u
Cx \v , , Cx \vP[P, Py, C
\vPP A, a\U PzxskP. CU Psk PuU
P Qsn, (Px Esh Pu UQ Pu)
\v Qsn. u CU S Eh |na\P
]UPsh. 15 |mP Qsnzvx na_ \QU Qsn
hx. i Au { EhUQ.
so[Psh \vsh Py u P
\g\ {zxh PnkQx. u {P
\vsh Pnu Pn Cx. (94)
363
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
QpS"rz drQu\Y"p"SX"NL>z W"puB"_"pR"S"_"zT"tN"@ZNL>O\"uS"puOT"bu "O"u - @ {O" $
@: @_O"tZr, @pu S" W"\"{O" $ G"X"Y"{X"Qz ZG"{S"@Z{V"XV"z X"Z@O"@ZNLz,> S"
E"S{V"XV"z, O" \" @p{W": @T"tZ :v , @p S" W"\"{O", {@z O"s @T"tZ p:, O"v: {S"{V"{L>O"z
T"tqZO"X"o $ O": O\"puB"uS", O"\" O"pzV"tW"puB"uS", T"{O"{QS"z Qz qZ@s`Zz qZX"RY"z, {\"{R":
W"tY"pu W"tY"pu {S"{V"L>Y"{O" T"sS": T"sS": T"tZY"{O" $ O"\" @wO"u {_"O"T"b"u qZz G"X"Y"z
G"\"Q{O"{S"X"z E"S{V"XV"T"z X"Z@O"@ZNLz> @pT"@T"tZ :v T"tZY"O"rOY"P": $
e"pY"X"{X"T"pY":, @sV"uZ: T""sT"{O": T"G"pT"{O": {O" T""Q"Qu\"u^"s Qu\"O"pT"uN"pS"s_Y"tO"p
T"{O"W"p_"X"pS"p ^"p "{_O\"X"uS" @X"uN" E"pSr: @p: X"wO"X"Y"r: {T"V"{_" $ O\"X"u\"
X"wO"T"pS"uS" O"u^"s _\"p_"pR"pZN""{T"p _UsZ{_" $ O"Qlz X"p@NLuY> "u, Y"" {@{"O{E"_O"s
_"Q_"p{A"p{O_"@u$ O"_Y" _"\"_Y" Y"p "{: _"p O\"z {@z _O"tY"_"u X"Y"p $$ {O" $
X"Se"Qu\"O"pT"@p{"@pY"pz E" _"\"e"pS"s_Y"tO"Qu\"O"pT"uN" T"{O"W"p_"X"pS"p @v\" {E"EF>{T"puT"p{R"W"uQSu " S"pS"p T"{O"W"p_"O"u {O" $ O": E"S{V"XV"z @T"tZ pR"pZX"Z@O"@ZNL>pY"O"u,
@: @_O"tZrY"O"u {O" T"@wO"@p@{S"^"uR"uS" @T"tZ @_O"tZrO\"T"{O"T"pQS"pO"o
T"lOY"pZ: {O" $ \"_O"sO"_O"s, {_"O"T"b"u @pX"u"Zr, W"B"X"p{S"r, {S"OY"{"p,
W"uNL>p, \"{\"p{_"S"r, \"G"u "Zr, {"\"QmO"r, O\"qZO"p, @s_"sSQZr, {S"OY"p,S"rT"O"p@p,
{\"G"Y"p, _"\"X"p, G\"ppX"p{S"r, {E"e"p {O" T""Q"{S"OY"p{W": T"{O"puX"B"O"p{W":
O"\"p{R">pS"W"tO"z ZG"{S"@Z{V"XV"z G"X"Y"z X"wO"V"rG"z \"@pZpOX"@z {V"SQlz qZ@s`Zz
^"puL> "_\"Z_"z{\"O@pX"pe"p\""u{^"O"z, W"tY"pu W"tY": T"pvS":T"sSY"uS", {_"O"T"b"u S"spuX"uS"
@pX"u"Y"p{Q{E"e"pSO"p{W": O"f"{f"{P"{S"OY"pb"N"@p{W": T"tZY"O"r{O" T"ZX"pP": $ O"P"p E"
drW"B"\"EF>ZpE"pY"@w O"@X"_O"sO"pv, p_Y"z _"Qp X"S"{_" X"u _UsZO"s O\"QrY"z O"uG": T"Zz
V"`l@sDo@> s X"T""puN"X"o $ W"p_\"{O@ZrJ>X"X"wO"pz"s@p\"O"z_"z X"RY"u {e"@puN"X"X"wO"z
T"ZX"pX"wO"pX"o $$ @: @_O"tZr, @: {E"z, @pu&pT"\"pQY"pu: OY"X"Z:,
\"wf"p@pZZuA"p, _"v\" @_O"tZr \"p_"S"p, _"\"p{N" E"@p{N" _"\"{_"{T"QpQr{S",
V"vSQ\"E"@\"p_"S"Y"p \"p{_"O"p{S" Y"O": $ O"P"p E" Y"pu{B"S"rQY"u - T"""{E"O"s\"{_"zY"puB"pO"o E"@_"zW"\": $ O""@p\"O"pZz O"s @P"Y"p{X" O"\"pS"C"u $$ Y"Qp _"p T"ZX"p
"{: _\"uEF>Y"p {\""{T"N"r $ _UsZf"pX"pOX"S": T"Y"uf"Qp E"@_Y" _"zW"\": $$ "tSY"p@pZp
{\"_"B"pSO"p {V"SQlT"_T"SQ{V"SQ\": $ T"@p"T"ZX"pP"O\"pO"o _UsZf"p`ZrY"sO"pO"o $ T"_"wO"z
364
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -94
{\""`Zr_P"pS"z X"pO"we"Y"pOX"@X"o $ V"vSQ\"z E"@X"uO"_Y" {e"T"O\"z T"sS"W"\"uO"o $ R"X"pR"X"pv

O"P"pOX"pS"pv X"pO"wX"uY"pv O"P"p T"X"p $ S"\"Y"puSY"pOX"@z E"@z {E"QpS"SQC"S"z X"Ò"o $$ OY"{_X"ST"b"
OY"P": $$ 94 $$
Uzu
UP uu. Qnzv vu ]x
]uPU Su nmP A x
\Qmhx. i _Uzv ]x ]x {Qx. v J
uuUS G S, _v, v G \Pa \Uv AUQ }
\v AuUPP Azu SQ. Au Q Auz uu
\UvP Auu uuh Auu \UvP [SQ.
Qnzv Pa, P, {zU|, sh, ,
a, ]yw, zu, Su, {z, }uP, , [P,
, ]z G 15 {zP P i Au x
HPmk \v 16 x P ]zP mk uQ {
i {z \ ]z u P_ PP
J PP Cmk { Au \v {kQx. Qxv
Cu USQx. Q u Cu USQx. i u
AU Ix \UvP AU & & & \vsh[P
Cn \U uQx. \Uv ua\P EPPz u
[PUP Cu \U uQx. | Cu \U
]zP Bu PS G.
N"pX"pu{QS"r
\"z T"t\"pu
z X""X"{R" {S"W"ZpS"SQS"{SQO"pY"p: Qu\Y"p: E"SX"NL>z W"puB"_"pR"S"_"zT"tN"@ZNL>O\"uS"p` - @ {O" $ ù Qu{\" ! G"X"Y"z G"T"z, _\"pP"u X"Y"Jo> $
X"wO"T""rZ_"{Ò"{X"OY"P": $ ZG"{S"@Z{V"XV"z T"qZY"X"pS"z E"SX"NL>z @p{W"Zu\"
@T"tZ {v S"{V"{L>O"z T"tqZO"z, X"Z@O"@ZNLz> X"Z@O"X"{N"{S"{X"O": T""rZ@T"tZ p{QW"puB"_"pR"S"_P"pS"z,
X"NL>p@pZ: T"uJr> {\""u^": $ O"e" {_P"O": @: @_O"tZr, S"r\"N"O\"pO"o $ Y"X"p"Y":W"B"\"OY"p: _"\"G"B"O@pZN"O\"z V"\s "O"pX"pE"pY"pN"pz _"X"_O"W"puB"pS"sW"\"_"X"\"{Ò"pY"p Qu\Y"p:
V""pNL>_Y" B"w`T"O\"uS", R\"pNL>_Y" {\"O"pS"T"O\"uS", X"u\"pQrS"pz {\"`pZ_P"pS"T"O\"uS",
S"b"e"pN"pz `pZp\"{O\"uS", B"pue"{W"QpQrS"pz T"pve"O\"uS", V""pQrS"pz T"se"O\"uS", X"pO"pNL>_Y"
B"w`QrT"O\"uS" E" O"pOT"Y"pO"o, _"@G"B"OT"@p"@E"Spu&{T" _"zW"puB"p_"sBp{SR"\"_O"s_P"pT"S"@ZNL>:, O"e" @ \" X"wB"S"p{W":, G"X"u\" T""rZz, @p: @T"tZ A"NL>p OY"P": $
@_"zV"SR"pO"o X"Z@O"{S"T"N"z _"pR"s $ E"SX"NL>_Y" G"X"Y"O\"pO"o, G"_Y" R"p\"Y"u&{T"
365
_"X"spQpv S"vY"Q"S"pO"o, X"Z@O"@ZNL>O\"T"N"{X"{O" @u{E"O"o $ O": @pZN"pO"o O\"O"o W"\"OY"p

W"puB"uS", O"_Y" W"puB"uS"u{O" \"p, qZ@s`Zz "tSY"pSO"Z{EF>,z Qz E"S{V"XV"T"z @ZNLz> {\"{R":
V""p, T"{O"{QS"z {QS"u{QS"u, W"tY"pu W"tY":, T"sS": T"sS":, O"\" @wO"u O\"QP"|, P"u @wO"u E" "VQpv pv
O"pQPY"u& \Y"Y"_"z{c"O"pv, {O" \"E"S"pO"o $ {S"{V"L>Y"{O" T"tZY"O"rOY"P": $ ... G"pSO":T"sZE"pZr
_"pv{\"Q \"u{O" W"p\": $ S"tS"z R"\s "X"o $ T"@pS"sT"p{N"O"uY"X"{O""Y"puOY"s"r{\"O"puOT"bu "p $ O"Y"p
E" @ZNL>T"tZ{Y"O"w\"wf"pSO"T"O"rO"uZpZuN"ppZR\"{S": $ pB"X"pP"_O"s - @pX"u"Zr,
W"B"X"p{S"r, {S"OY"{"p, W"uNL>p, \"{\"p{_"S"r, \"G"u "Zr, {"\"QmO"r, O\"qZO"p,
@s_"sSQZr, {S"OY"p, S"rT"O"p@p, {\"G"Y"p, _"\"X"p, G\"ppX"p{S"r, {E"e"u{O"
T""Q"{S"OY"p{W": S"spuX"T"{O"puX"\"O"r{W": @p{W"Zu\" @T"tZ :v O"\"p{R">pS"W"tO"z G"X"Y"z
G"V"rG"z \"@pZpOX"@z ZG"{S"@Z{V"XV"z {S"{V"{L>O"z T"tN"| qZ@s`Zz {V"SQl^"puL> "_\"Z_"z{\"O@pX"pe"p\""u{^"O"z W"tY"pu W"tY": T"pvS":T"sSY"uS" {_"O"T"b"@p_"s O\"Y"p W"sp{_\"{O"
W"p\": $ z E" bY"z _"Qp X"S"{_" X"u W"\"O"s O\"QrY"z O"uG": T"Zz V"`l@sDo@> s X"T""puN"X"o $
W"p_\"{O@ZrJ>X"X"wO"pz"s@p\"O"z_"z X"RY"u {e"@puN"X"X"wO"z T"ZX"pX"wO"pX"o {O" $ S"S\"e" T"P"X"pz
{T"V"O"u \"{{O"rY"pz {T"V"O"u Z{\": {O" _"puX"puOT"fY"pAY"B"SP"u E"S@pS"pz
Qu\"O"p@\"S"puO"u:, Qu\Y"sT"W"puB"pW"p\"T"pP"@P"S"{\"ZpuR" {O" E"u" $ Qu\"r\Y"{O"Zu@u N"
\"pQrS"pz O"e"OY"Qp`@p{Q"S"pX"W"p\"pO"o, Qu\Y"p \" _"\"e"pS"s_Y"tO"O\"pO"o $
O"QlX"XV"p_O"\"u - O\"z E"{S@p "{"{S" {O"BX"E"pv {E"_O\"z O\"z E"uO"S"p{_" T"s^"u T"\"S"u V"z
O\"X"o $ O\"z _\"pQlO"p{_" _"{u {"{A"{S" O\"X"t^X"p {S"__"pZX"uO"Q{A"z O\"O"u Y"{Q _Y"pO"o $$
{O" $ ds{O"" - `z u{W"\"_"s{W""ZpXY"`X"p{QOY"vO" {\""Qu\"v: OY"p{Q$ _X"w{O"" Y"Qp{QOY"B"O"z O"uG"pu G"B"p_"Y"O"u&{A"X"o $ Y""SX"{_" Y""p"pv O"f"uG"pu {\"{ X"pX"@X"o $$
{O" $$ 94 $$
Anv
g\zv H Aux Au \vsh Cx
|na_UQsnP Gv UPkQx. EP[Pzv Pn
CUS, sh P, Ash[P
u. u mh[P, |z[P \,
u I uP. Cv u \P.
mkUS, \v Psh S. (\u) Av
\v P[P Py (x S u.) \v
}Sv . \v so Psh. Ph } so
Pshu yUS }Pz ux, \v
366
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -94
Pusn Psh QsnPz uQ. BPv Pa,

u ]z vv {zuP PPQ Pzu E
B PQ \v G Qsn PhQ
16x Ezu P ]zP zv uQx. i
_Uzv Au\v ]z u P_ {zPP
{Qx. \v {P, JP Ezv \uP,
P, } CP, | `hP E E
EPzx \Uvk G Au E U T.
Ru \v AU E u Ghu
G. (94)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
@ {O" $ ù T"ZX"u"{Z Qz G"X"Y"z ZG"{S"@Z{V"XV"z O\"QP"| @T"tZ @_O"tZrW"qZO"z
X"Z@O"@ZNLz> {\"{R"S"p {S"{X"O"{X"OY"`z X"SY"u $ G"X"Y"z \"_O"s QmZO": Y"pX"z Y"O"u $ O"pu
X"Z@O"puT"X"X"o $ ... \"N"S"p@pZO\"pO"o @ZNLz> pu@ \"p{O"T"{_"z W"puB"pP"|
@T"tZ @_O"tZrX"{L>_"u\"@uS" _P"pTY"O"u O"O"o $ e" @p @_O"tZr {@z @T"tZ {X"OY"O" p` - @_O"tZr
@:, Y"z @pu S" {@SO"s @_O"tZr $ e" O"p: @p: S", {@SO"s @T"tZ p: O"p{W"{S"{V"{L>O"z
T"tqZO"X"o $ P" E"S\"O@wO"z G"X"Y"_Y" \"T"O\"pO"o $ P"\"p G"X"Y"z {`X"X"Y"z "rO"z
G"L>X"Y"z Y"O@ZNLz,> T""pOT"{O"{QS"z O\"puB"uS" O\"Y"p ... T"N"uS " O"pzV"tSu " _"`
@T"tZ @_O"tZrW"puB"uS" qZ@s`Zp qZX"RY"X"o $ Y"Qp T"tN"T"pe"X"RY"p_O"s {S"^@p_Y" W"sGY"O"u O"Qp
qZX"RY"z W"\"{O" $ {R"@pqZN"p E" T"sS": T"tN"| @wO\"p _P"pTY"O"u $ O"P"p O"\"p{R"@pZr {\"{R"W"tY "pu
W"tY": T"{O"{QS"z T"sS": T"sS": {S"{V"L>Y"{O" $ {_"O"T"b"T"pY"pz ZG"SY"pz qZz W"\"{O"
@pT"tN"p\"_P"pW"puG"S"pO"o $ {_"O"T"b"T"u {QS"u {\"{R": T"tN"| @ZpuO"r{O" O"\" @wO"u O"\"
W"puB"T"@pY"pY"u{O" X"SY"u {S"{"O"pu&Y"X"P": $ S"S"s X"Y"p @P"z W"sGY"O"u OY"p"pY"pX"sEY"O"u $
{_"O"T"b"u T"{O"T"Qp{Q{O"{P"^"s @X"uN" \"{-Z{\"-{\""Qu\"-\"N"-\"^"Jo@> pZuSQu\"{^"B"N"pG"v@T"pX"\"pY"s-X"pO"w{T"O"wB"N"-@sV"uZ-T""sT"{O"-T"G"pT"{O"T"p_"s T""Q"\"Qu\"O"p_"s O"uG"puT"uN"pS"s_Y"tO"p T"{O"W"p_"X"pS"p "{_O\"X"u\" T"ZX"u"Zr T"ZX"pX"wO"X"Y"r"pSr: @p: @X"uN"
{T"V"{_" $ S"\"Y"puSY"pOX"@drE"@p{W"T"pY"uN" pu@pu&Y"z Y"puG"S"rY": $$ 94 $$
BuQ
Cu \vzu P Py Px E
Gv zx. \vx P[P Py. 15 PP PzxskP.
uzxh } Cua _UP \vU Qsn PQh
Au i{z uQ. Qnzx u vv u, \P
367
AU, , au, n, mP, Cv, uPn

Pn, AHPz, , , z & z Pn, S, _v,
v G vx uuP u i uhQ \Uv
a } Au \vPP SQ. Cx |
i \U. (94)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
@z@ {O" $ ù W"B"\"{O" {\"{R"V" "p ZG"{S"@Z{V"XV"z E"S{V"XV"z X"Z@O"@ZNL>{X"\"
X"Z@O"X"{N"{\"Z{E"O"pu Y": @ZNL>: O"{X"\" O"\" @wO"u O"\" _"T"Y"pP"| S"tS"z {S""Y"uS" W"tY"pu W"tY"pu \"pZz
\"pZz {S"{V"L>Y"{O" $ {@z{\"R"z ZG"{S"@Z{V"XV"z, G"X"Y"z G"pOX"@z T"sS": @p{W"{S"{V"{L>O"z
\Y"p"X"o$ S"S"s X"Z@O"p{QX"{N"{S"{X"O"u @ZNLu> @_O"tY"p{Q {b"TY"O"u, e" {@z, O"e"p` $ Y"e"
E"SX"{_" @pu pIF>S"z @_O"tqZO"Y"p {S"{b"" \" $ S"S"s X"Z@O"X"{N"S"rT"pu W"\"{O",
E"S_O"s "spu W"\"O"rOY"sT"X"p{\"ZpuR" {O" E"uO"o O"e"p` - {@z{\"R"z @ZNLz,> @T"tZ {v S"{V"{L>O"z
\Y"p"z, O"_O"OT"{O"US"pO"o "uO"{X"OY"P": $ W"tY"pu W"tY"pu {S"{V"L>Y"O"r{O" @pu&P":,
Y"O"_O\"puB"uS" O\"O"o O"\" Qu\Y"p W"puB"pu&S"sW"\"_O"uS"uQz E"S{V"XV"z {QS"u {QS"u qZz
@s`ZX"SO":T"Qu "u Y"_Y", O"p"z W"\"{O", O": @pZN"pQoW"tY"pu {S"{V"L>Y"O"rOY"P": $$ 94 $$
uzw
uu UP. (94)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" _"@Qu\"X"YY"p O"f"QoQ\u "O"pT"uN" W"sGY"X"pS"z E"SX"NL>z W"\"pS"rW"puB"puT"@ZN"@_O"tY"p{QW"pNL>O\"uS"puOT"bu "X"pN"pu W"\"pS"rz _O"pv{O"-@ {O" $ @pu pIF>S"z @_O"tZr
@w^N"O\"_"pXY"pO"o $ ZG"{S"@Z{V"XV"z E"SX"NL>z G"X"Y"z G"T"E"sZ,z O"f"s T"ZX"pP"O":
"sO\"_"pXY"pO"o $ @pT"v: @T"Zt :v {S"{V"{L>O"z T"qZT"tN"|, X"Z@O"{\"@pZ: @ZNLz>
X"Z@O"@ZNLz,> X"Z@O"X"{N"X"Y"z W"pG"S"{X"{O" X"uA"p{W"T"pY"uN" $ {S"{\"W"wO"{X"{O" T"pKu> @
\"pP":$ e" _"\"e" W"\"O"r{O" {@Y"pT"Qz >\Y"X"o $ Y"O": @_O"tY"p{QW"pG"S"z E"SX"NL>z O":
T"{O"{QS"z O\"puB"uS" qZ@s`Zz "tSY"pWY"SO"Zz E"SX"NL>z {\"{R": T"sS": T"sS": {S"{V"L>Y"{O"
@_O"tY"p{Q{W": T"tZY"O"r{O" S"tS"X"`z O"@Y"pX"rOY"P": $ O\"O@wO"u O\"QP"|, @wO" OY"\Y"Y"z
T"Y"puG"S"\"p{E" $$ 94 $$
uzu\zP
} uP AP E. Cu \v shzuz uP
368
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -94
i } \P SQ. \v shzv }Sv

x Au } SuPP {Q. (94)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù {"\"u ! _"@W"@Y"pN"Qp{Y"{S" ! E"O"sQ "W"s\"S"T"qZT"tN"V""pNLX"NL>
> \Y"p{T"SY"p_O"-QS"sT"\"u^"R"pqZNY"p_O"QS"sT"W"puB"@eY"p_O"\"
_"O"O"X"S"SO"W"puB"_"zT"f"Y"u
_"\"pNY"{T" \"_O"sG"pp{S" W"puB"puT"@ZN"p{S" {O" \"QSOY"pE"pY"p:$ O"\" V""pNL>X"u\" B"w`,z
{\"O"pS"X"tR\"pNL>:, X"uX"SQZ{\"SRY"pQY": @sE"@"z, S"b"e"p{N" `pZp\"Y":, T"pve"p:
_"se"pX"X"sA"p:,
T"se"p:
V""{\"^N"spQY":,
B"w`T"QrT"pu
X"pO"NL>:,Z"{_"z`p_"S"z
X"u{QS"rX"NL>{X"OY"p{Q _"\"u^ "s \"_O"s^"s "ZrZpuT"@ZN"O"pz B"O"u^"s E"SX"NL>_Y" @T"tZ @ZNL>@O\"z
W"B"\"OY"p: T"{O"T"pQY"{O" $ @ZNL>@z S"pX"-_"sB"{SR"\"_O"s_P"pT"S"pY" @R"pvO"T">{S"{X"O"pu
X"NL>p@pZ: T"uJ@> {\""u^"_O"O_"pXY"z E"SX"_"pu \"O"O"u, ZG"{S"@Z{V"XV"X"uO"p\"O"o G"X"Y"z
G"T"X"O" \" Y"pX"\"N"O\"pSX"Z@O"{S"{X"O"z @ZNLz,> G"_Y" R"p\"Y"z T"{_"z, Y"pX"\"N"O"p
@sO" {O" E"uO"o _"OY"z, G"_Y" R"p\"Y"X"u\", {O"B"W"rZ_Y" G"T"tZ_Y"pSO"B"O"{O"{X"Z_"pO"o
Y"pX"\"N"| Y"P"p _"pX"sX"XW": $ O"" @ZNL>@z T"sS": {@XW"tO"z @p{W": ^"puL> "_"vZ\u "
@T"tZ Cv "S"_"pZA"NLv{> S"{V"{L>O"z, O"e" Y"pu \"O"X"pS": @: _" @_O"tZrA"NL>_P"pS"u @O"\Y":,
\"zW"tO"z
@T"tZ @ZNL>@z
{\"{R"R"pO"p
W"B"\"OY"p_O"pXV"t@ZNL>@\"p`@pu
W"tO\"p
_"u\"X"pS"_O\"QoW"puB"uS"
T"t{N"X"pS"SO"ZT"{O"T"QX"pZWY"
@v@@p@pZ@T"tZ A"NL>A"pQS"uS"
T"{O"{QS"z W"b"N"u p_"pQX"p\"p_Y"p{Q\"_"u qZ@s`Zz O"OT"pe"z W"tY"pu W"tY": @pSO"Z@T"tZ A"NL>pS"pQpY"pQpY" {S"{V"L>Y"{O" _"XT"tZY"{O", S"tS"z, Y"X"P"pu {S"{"O" \" $ S"S"s
_"puX"puOT"{f"T"sZpN"B"SP"pz"u - T"P"X"pz {T"V"O"u \"{{O"rY"pz {T"V"O"u Z{\": $ OY"p{Q@X"uN"
\"p{Q{W"Zu\"puT"W"puB": T"{_": $ e" @P"z W"B"\"OY"p W"puB" \"u{O" O"{X"sEY"O"u {O" E"uO"o
\"pQY"pu&{T" Qu\"p W"B"\"OY"p {\""X"tO"u{ G"p\"Y"\"p \", O"OT"W"p\"p{\">T"p_O"u
\"pQY"_O"Q\"Y"\"O"pX"pT""p: \" "{X"SO": $ O"Qlz zV"p_O"\"u - O\"z E"{S@p "{"{S"
{O"BX"E"pv {E"_O\"z, O\"z E"uO"S"p{_" T"s^"u T"\"S"u V"z O\"X"o $ O\"z _\"pQlO"p E" _"{u {"{A"{S"
O\"X"t^X"p, {S":_"pZX"u\" {S"{A"z O\"O"u Y"{Q _Y"pO"o $ {O" $ {@" W"B"\"O"p \"uQT"s^"uN"
Qu\"r_"tu hB\"uQpSO"u _"\"Q\u "O"pX"Y"O\"z W"B"\"OY"p: T"OY"T"p{Q - _\"Y"X"u\" _\"W"p\"\"u{QS"r
V""p{Q{W"ZTY"O"Y"X"`pS"sW"p\"p `X"u\" _"\"Q\u "_\"{T"N"r{O" $ O"P"p {` - `z
u{W"\"_"s{W""Zp{X" `X"p{QOY"vO" {\""Qu\"vqZOY"p{Q $$ 94 $$
369
isi
vS [P Psh shzu zx, AuP
[P sk BQ } Azu E PPU PQ.
sh E k, G Azx E Eh SvSx
Cu \vsh S }UP QsnQx. sh \vPP
Au {Q. Py, a\UP u mP Pu
Auz v u mi PnQ Au Cmk {Q.
AU u E A{ 15 uuP J
\P P A\ Qsn hQx. i
Au { EP{P uuP |hQx. u Uuzv
Ti } z Bvz _u G G. (94)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
@ {O" $ @pu pIF>S"z, @_O"tZr X"wB"X"Q:, ZG"{S"@Z{V"XV"z E"SNL>,z X"Y"z
G"_\"T"z, O" \" X"Z@O"@ZNLz> {S"{V"{L>O"z, {O"B"W"rZ_Y" G"_Y" `qZN"puT "{VR": $
@p{W": ^"puL> "_"zAY"v: @T"tZ Zv \u " C"S"_"pZA"NLv{> S"{V"{L>O"z W"qZO"X"o $ @w^N"T"b"u O\"puB"uS"
O"pzV"tp_\"pQT"uN" T"{O"{QS"z T"OY"`z qZ@s`Zz "tSY"pWY"SO"Zz, {\"{R"V" "p
O"pzV"t@ZNL>\"p`@pu W"tO\"p _"u\"X"pS":, W"tY"pu W"tY": T"{O""sT"b"z @p@pZ@T"tZ A"NL>pS"pQpY"
O"\" @wO"u O\"QP"| S"tS"z {S"{"O"z {S"{V"L>Y"O"rOY"sW"Y"_"X"pS"pu&P": $ \"_O"sO"_O"s @: >: {E"z
{V"SQlE"@T"z, @pu&pT"\"pQY"pu: OY"X"Z: $ O"Qu\" @_O"tZr \"p_"S"p $
V"vSQ\"E"@\"p_"S"Y"p \"p{_"O"_Y"v\" E"@_Y" _"\"{_"{T"QO\"pO"o $ O"Qlz Y"pu{B"S"rQY"u "tSY"p@pZp{_"B"pSO"pO"o {V"SQlT"_Y"SQ_"z{\"Q: $ T"@p"T""X"pP"O\"pO"o _UsZf"p`ZrY"sO"pO"o $
T"_"wO"z {\""`Zr_P"pS"z X"pO"we"Y"pOX"@X"o $ V"vSQ\"z E"@X"uO"_Y" {e"T"z E" T"sS"W"\"uO"o $ R"X"pR"X"pv
O"P"pOX"pS"pv X"pO"wX"uY"pv O"P"p T"X"p $ S"\"Y"puSY"pOX"@z E"@z {E"QpS"SQ@Zz X"Ò"o $ {O" $ T"sS":
@"z, G"X"Y"z ZG"{S"@Z{V"XV"z X"wO"X"Y"E"SX"NL>T"z X"RY"u {e"@puN"X"X"wO"z
T"ZX"pX"wO"pX"o OY"su : X"wO"V"rG"\"@pZpOX"@{X"{O" \"p&P": $ qZ@s`Zz qZ: "tSY"pu
{\"_"B": @s`Zu ZSR"u X"RY"u Y"_Y" O"O"o $ O": @pZX"pZWY" @p{V"SSO"z "Zv:
O"Q{R">pO"w@pX"u"Y"p{Q{O"{P"T"-T""Q"{S"OY"p{W": @T"tZ :v E"@pSO"\"p_"@v: {S"{V"{L>O"z
\"u{>O"X"o $ X"Z@O"@ZNL>{X"{O" {V"SQlE"@T"@{X"QX"o $ {\"SQlE"@z O\"puB"uS" O\"EF>ZrZW"tO"uS"
@v@{S"OY"pOX"S"p T"{O"{QS"z T"{O"{O"P"pv {\"{R"{\"{R"\"pY"z O\"QE"S"pP"| W"tY"pu W"tY"pu {S"{V"L>Y"{O"
Y"puG"Y"{O" $ Y"z W"p\":-T""T""_\"ZY"s: {e"@puN"u ZuA"pe"Y"u T"OY"`z @pX"u"Y"p{Q{E"e"pSO"pS"pz
{S"OY"pS"pz X"RY"u {\"_"B"u _"sSQY"p" T"tG"S"z, T"sS"X"RY"u&S"spuX"{\"puX"@X"uN" "s@w^N"T"b"Y"pu:
370
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -95
@pX"u"Y"p{Q{E"e"pSO"pS"pz {E"e"p{Q@pX"u"Y"SO"pS"pz O"f"{f"P"p\"u@v @_Y"p \" T"tG"S"{X"OY"su : $

e"u{O" W"\"pS"rT"b"u&P": $$ 94 $$
Pu
EP UP. E GzxUP 5&5 BP |kUPnzv
PkP, Pa u ]z 15 vv{z uP
uQ. 16x Gzu P u Ch. Cu 16
{zPUS B[P[S kP. i A vv Jmi
AP P, Aux _Uzv P_ u
]z, Qnzv ]z u P_ J {zUS
|hUQx. (94)
pS"SQ`Zr
@ {O" $ ZG"S"r@Z_Y" E"S_Y" {V"XV"z X"NL>z X"Z@O"O"Y"pe" {\""u^"N"X"o $ @"z
@pT"v: @T"tZ :v {S"{V"{L>O"z T"tqZO"z, {\"{R"S"u{O" "u^": $ G"X"Y"z G"V"`l,z P" E"
G"pL>_"zT"pQ@O\"pO"o G"L>_\"T"X"o $ @T"p @_O"tZr G"_Y" _"pvZWY"pP"X"o $ E"S{V"XV"z
Y"O"_O"\"puQ@T"pS"T"pe"z, O"pu ùO"pu{\"{R"V" "p O"\" W"puB"uS" T"pS"uS" qZ@s`Zz "tSY"X"RY"z O\"O@wO"u
O\"OT"pS"{S"{X"f"z T"{O"{QS"z T"{O""s{O"{P" W"tY"pu W"tY"pu \"pZz \"pZz T"{O"X"p_"{X"{O" Y"p\"O"o $ Qz
E"S{V"XV"z {S"{V"L>Y"{O" T"tZY"{O" $ S"tS"X"sOT"bu "pY"pX"o $ @w^N"T"b"u T"{O"{QS"z Qu\"v: T"rO"z E"SX"NL>z
T"sS": "sT"b"u T"tN"| W"\"O"rOY"u\"X"sOT"{u b"O"X"o $ W"B"\"OY"p: _"\"Q\u "T"O\"pO"o O"\" T"pS"uS" "tSY"T"pe"z
T"sS": T"tZY"S"o T"pS"rY"R"pZ@ \" {\"{R"_O\"pz _"u\"O" {O" W"p\": $ O"OT"X"SY"P"p{T" Y"puG"Y"{SO"
O"p{Se"@p: $ @: {E"f"z, {V"SQlE"@T"z, O"Qu\" @_O"tZr E"@pSO"Z{R"\"p_"@O\"pO"o $
V"vSQ\"E"@\"p_"S"p\"p{_"O"_Y"v\" E"@pSO"Z_P"UQpY"@O\"pO"o $ _UsZf"p`ZrY"sO"pO"o $ T"_"wO"z
{\""`Zr X"pO"w_P"pS"z e"Y"pOX"@X"o $ V"vSQ\"z E"@X"uO"_Y" {e"T"z E" T"sS"W"\"u{QOY"p{Q $
e"Y"pOX"@z {e"@puN"pOX"@z, O"_Y" {e"@puN"_Y" {e"T"z @puN"{X"OY"P": $ O"Qu\" E"@z G"X"Y"z
X"wO"X"Y"z, X"RY"u {e"@puN"X"X"wO"z T"ZX"pX"wO"p{X"{O" O"Se"puu : $ \"N"V"rG"pOX"@\"@pZp@pZ{X"{O" \"p&P": $ ZG"{S"@Z{V"XV"z E"SX"NL>T"X"X"wO"X"Y"O\"pO"o $ T"sS": @"z
qZ: "tSY"Y"T"pu {\"_"B": @s`Zu ZSR"u X"RY"W"pB"u Y"_Y" O"O"o {V"SQlX"RY"u {\"_"B"u ^"puL> Y"p
{S"OY"pY"p: T"tG"p{\"R"pS"pO"o $ O":, @pZX"pZWY" @p{W": _\"Zv: S"s_\"pZpSO"v:,
T""Q"{W": @T"tZ :v E"@pSO"Z{R"\"p_"@v: {S"{V"{L>O"z \"u{>O"z Q{b"N"ZuA"pY"pX"@pZp{QT""{W":,
T"t\"ZAu "pY"pz QrC"pu@ pZp{QT""{W":, f"ZZuA"pY"pz @pZp{QT""{W"X"|RY"u {\"_"B"uN "p{S\"O"O"Y"p
RY"pO"z {e"@puN"V"vSQ\"E"@{X"OY"P":, Qz X"Z@O"@ZNL>z Z"W"pNL>T"z V"vSQ\"E"@z
E"ZNp_"u\"pX"{`X"p - vi
371
{\"{R"{\"{R"\"pY"z T"{O"{QS"z T"{O"{O"P"pv O\"puB"uS" O\"EF>ZrZW"tO"uS" @pX"u"Y"p{Q{E"e"pSO"pS"pz

@v@uS" {S"{V"L>Y"{O" Y"puG"Y"{O" $ O"\" @wO"u O\"OT"tG"p{S"{X"f"X"o $ O"QlO"z c"pS"pN"\"u - {\"W"p\Y"
E" X"`pZpc"rX"B"u Qb"puf"Z@X"pO"o $ @pZpX"s@pZpSO"z Q{b"N"pY"pz {\"{E"SO"Y"uO"o $ O"O""
T"t\"ZAu "pY"pz QrC"pu\ "N"p{QT""@X"o $ {\"{AY"puf"ZZuA"pY"pz "OY"p{Q {\"{A"u"Z: $
S"s_\"pZp{Q X"RY"u O"s {\"_"B"u ^"puL> "rz Y"G"uO"o $ \"pX"p\"O"uS " Qu\"u{" {S"OY"p: ^"puL> " @{O"O"p: $
T"{O"T"{f"{P"X"pZWY" T"pvN"X"p_Y"SO"X"{G"u $ @v@pz T"tG"Y"u{"OY"pz X"`p_"pvW"pBY"X"pT"nYs "pO"o $
@w^N"T"b"u X"ù"p{S" T"tG"Y"u{f"{P"X"NL>X"o $ {\"{E"e"ppz \"ZpZpù Y"p\"O@pX"u"Zr W"\"u{Q{O" $$
94 $$
Bu
UP EPu. Qnzv AU u
uuP AP Pzua \h \vsh hx
v A Pzu _Uzv Cmk { n \vU
QsnUSQ. uv\vPP UP J Esk. ]zu
\v P[P. Ax x \U. Ax PyP AuU QsnzvS
nmkQx. x \Uzv \UQ[PUS
nmkQx. Aua _ UPn. Ax \vsh.
Ax n P i. E GzxUP Ph Gzu P
C `[P (@) i. Ax h ] {z US
i. AP u A i E 15 E GzxUP 15
{zP. zxa _ UPnzv PkP
uPmi A B C D E RPmi F , h Pmi H I K J
A G {z \Uzv Bu[P. x \U \v G
AuUQsn. P_ u ]z {zP Qsnzv
z u uUS Pi Auu vvP SQ. C G
E mk. (94)
*
T"sZpZpO"uZSO":T"sZX"{_" O"O"_O\""ZN"Y"pu:
_"T"Y"pX"Y"pQp O"Z@ZN"pS"pz _"sW"p $
O"P"p uO"u1 S"rO"p: "O"X"A"X"sA"p: {_"{X"O"spz
O"\" pZpuT"pSO"{_P"{O"{W": {N"X"pp{W":X"Zp: $$ 95 $$
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -95
372
uu: uuza\n:
u uPn| A >
uu u 1 }u: \uPP: zvx
u zuvv: Aoz: A: >> (95)
1. O"P"pTY"uO"u uuu
u & u: Au : A = [P Gv
] Auzxmh P E. uu:= Au zz
\n: u = E viP kQ uSv, u Pn| &
Cv[P \g\PUS, A=- Gv
QmhUTiu. uu =Au A, Hu \uPP:A: =Cu
Cv u uP, uzuvv: = E P
AP E, Aoz= Aozv u uP, Ax
zv }u: =Dh P .
bX"rR"Zp
T"sZpZpO"u: T"sZpSO"@_Y", SO":T"sZz \"ZpuR": T">X"{`^"r{O" Y"p\"O"o $ {_" W"\"{_" $ O"O":
O"_X"pO@pZN"pO"o, O\""ZN"Y"pu: O"\" T"pQY"pu:, _"T"Y"pX"Y"pQp T"tG"pT"@pZ: O"Z@ZN"pS"pz
E""{E"f"pS"pz, _"sW"p QlW "p $ SO":T"sZT"\"u": E""{E"f"pS"pz S"p_O"r{O" T"{_"X"o $
O"pu {S""{E"f"v_O"s _"pv{\"Qv: T"\"u\> Y"{X"{O" S"r{O"\"pY"pX"wO"u $ {S"X"{E"f"vZ\u "
_"sR"pXW"pu{R"X"RY"{_P"O"pY"p: T"pQpXV"sG"_"u\"p c"pY"O"u S"pSY"vqZOY"P": $ O"P"p{` T"{_"pv $ O"u
S"rO"p: "O"X"A"X"sA"p: SX"sAY"p: _"sZB"N"p:, {_"{z _"z{_"{z, O"spz _""rz, O"\"
W"\"OY"p: pZpuT"pSO"{_P"{O"{W": pZ_"X"rT"u {_P"O"Y"pu Y"p_"pz O"p{W": $ {N"X"pp{W":
{N"X"pT"X"sA"p{W": {_"{{W"__"` X"Zp: {S"G"Zp: $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - W"B"\"{O" !
T"sZpZpO"uZSO":T"sZX"{_" $ O"O"_O\""ZN"Y"pu__"T"Y"pX"Y"pQp O"Z@ZN"pS"pX"_"sW"p $ O"P"p {` O"u "O"X"A"X"sA"p: X"Zp: O"\" pZpuT"pSO"{_P"{O"{W": {N"X"pp{W":_"` O"spz {_"{z
S"rO"p: $ Y"P"p O"\" pZpuT"pSO"X"u\" {N"X"p{Q{_"Y"__"u\"SO"u \"{X"SpQY"pu&{T" $ Y"pz_O"s
{\""u^":- {N"X"p>{_"rS"pz pZT"p@O\"uS" _"\"Qp O"e" \"p_": _\"W"p\"{_":$ SpQrS"pz
O"s O"Z@ZN"O\"pO"o SO":T"sZT"\"u"pS"Ò\"pO"o Qpv\"pqZ@pS"sX"OY"p pZQu"u&\"_P"pS"z
{_"{"VQpP" {O" O"pOT"Y"X"o $$ 95 $$
373
u
} v\z Au . Au EU Pn
Auzv ~u Gu. E viP h, Ps
u P |h Ah[Q Pz
u PUS Gv Qmhux. uu EzvUSz u
AuUPh |k Ex viUP Qmk. E
Auzx P Ao u Gmk zv uP
AQu E k. Cv u u
AqPx, Ezxa \g\ }[Puu uh
\k. Auzv ~ APUP Av C. x
u\zv {u AP u G Enx {Q.
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
drQu\Y"p"ZN"_"u\"pX"{`X"pS"z T"_O"pv{O" - T"sZpZpO"uqZ{O" $ O\"z T"sZpZpO"uZSO":T"sZX"{_" $ Y"
@uS" "ZuN" Sp{QQv\"O"vZG"uY"pS"o T"sZe"Y"\"p{_"S"pu QBR"\"pS"o, O"_Y"p\"ZpuR"pu&{_" $ O"O": O"uS"
@pZN"uS", O\""ZN"Y"pu: _"T"Y"pX"Y"pQp T"tG"p{S">p, O"Z@ZN"pS"pz {G"O"u{SY"pN"pz _"sW"p
Ql^T"pT"p $ O"P"pTY"uO"u "O"X"A"X"sA"p: Qu\"p O"spz {_"{z S"rO"p: $ ZzW"p{Q_\"\"u Y"pZ{O"T"ZO"Se"p {T" O"\" E"ZN"_X"ZN"T"t\"@z T"tG"pX"{`X"np O"\" pZpuT"pSO"{_P"{O"{W"Z{N"X"p{Q"{{W"Zu\" O"spz {_"{z S"rO"p: $ {S"T"X"W"puB"_"zW"p{\"O"_"pz_"pqZ@pS"SQO"s{SQpz {dY"z
T"p{T"O"p: $ _"pb"pf"\" E"ZN"Q"S"z O"u^"pz @P"z W"\"{O" ? X"`pQu\"pSO":T"sZO\"p{Q{O" W"p\": $$
95 $$
Uzu
Cv u uP Cvu zu Azu
Auzx o }. (Cv u hUP uu
[P GvUP C.) E \nUP uSv hUP
uUSU Qmhux. B Cv u uP E
\nnzxh { h, E Au zxUP
Aov uP u Azxmh. E |hP
h, E \nu\ APUP Qmh. (95)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
pY"p Qu\Y"p W"r>pP"QpO"wO\"z W"G"O"pz T"@J>Y"{O"-T"sZpZpO"u{Z{O" $ ù Qu{\"! O\"z
T"sZpZpO"u: {e"T"sZpSO"@_Y", S" @_Y"{E"O_"pR"sG"S"_Y"u{O" QlZpZpRY"O\"X"o $ SO":T"sZz \"ZpuR":
T">X"{`^"rO\"pO"o, W"G""S"{\"c"pT"S"p\"@p"pu S"p_O"rOY"{W"T"pY": $ O": @pZN"pO"o
374
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -95
O\""ZN"Y"pu: W"\"OT"pQY"pu: X"Y"pQp T"qZ{X"O"p _"T"Y"p T"tG"p O"Z@ZN"pS"pz

E"{O"u{SY"pN"pz {SY"{S"B"`Z{Ò"pS"pz, _"sW"p QlW "p $ E"{E"f"p: T"ZX"{"\"X"{`^"rz
O\"pz T"tG"{Y"O"sz S" "@ns \"SO"rOY"P": $ P"\"p ù Qu{\", T"sZpZpO"u: O\"QrY"_"pX"PY"pO"o
{e"T"sZ_"z`pZ@{O"X"O"pu _Y"pSO"ZWY"SO"Zu \"O"X"pS"z Qu`pWY"SO"Zu \"O"X"pS"z T"sZz "ZrZX"{_"
W"t: $ O"O_"pX"PY"T"O\"p{Q{O"$ O"_O\""ZN"Y"pu: X"Y"pQp _"T"Y"p O"Z@ZN"pS"pz
X"S"pu{S"B"`Zp{ÒY"uS" RY"pS"{\"R"pS"p"pS"pz _"sW"p _"sW"p S" W"\"{O" $ {@SO"s @pZ\"pEY"v:
V""p{Q{W"Zu\" _"sW"uOY"P": $ X"P"| _"X"pR"f"u - O"P"p `r{O" $ X"u\"vO"O"o $pO"X"A"X"sA"p:
O"u X"Zp:, O"\" W"\"OY"p: pZpuT"pSO"{_P"{O"{W": pZpuT"pSO"u {_P"{O"Y"p_"pz O"p{W":
{N"X"pp{W": {N"X"p p{QY"p_"pz O"p{W": {N"X"pX"{`X"pT"W"w{O"{W":, T"t\"pu
p{W"Q"{W":
_"`, \"wpu Y"tS"p {O" c"pT"@pO"o _"`T"Y"puB"u O"wO"rY"p $ O"spz {_"{z S"rO"p: {S"T"X"pz
Y"puB"{_"{z T"p{T"O"p: $ SpQrS"pz W"\"OT"_"pQp_"p{QO"\"vW"\"O\"u&{T" \"Y"p{Q\"uY"p_"zW"puB"Z{_"@O"Y"p O"Zu{SY"O\"pO"o SO":T"sZT"\"u"pS"Ò\"uS" _"\"E"@V"pE"O"sZd\"fY"{N"X"p{Q{_"rS"pX"u\" Qpv\"pqZ@O"Y"p pZpuT"pSO" \" {S"\"p_"pu {S"{Q> {O" W"p\": $ P"\"p
{N"X"pp{W"qZ{O" _"`pP"Y"puG"S"pW"p\"u {N"X"p{Q{W": {_"{z SpQY"pu S"rO"p OY"P": $
pu{W"G"S"\""@O\"uS"
S"pS"pX"pY"p{\"p_"X"tO\"pO"o
_"\"_"pR"pZN"B"{N"@pT"pY"O\"pO"o
V"pE"O"sZd\"OY"{N"X"p{QB"N"p\"u{>O"p SpQY": @wO"p OY"P": $$ 95 $$
Anv
} vuP mh. A\ mhzx o U Pnx
Auzv u[Q. Auzv mk,
vuPz . Uu E Ash Cx. hUP
E h Cx. Cv u uP P Ao
u zvuP mh { |ux. (95)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
T"sZpZpO"uqZ{O" $ ù X"pO":, Y"e" @se"p{T" O"\" E"ZN"_X"ZN"X"{T" _"\"pP"_"pR"@z
W"\"O"rOY"sEY"O"u $ ù X"pO": O"P"p{T" O"u X"Zp SpQY": O"\" pZpuT"pSO"{_P"{O"{W":
{N"X"pp{W"Zu\" O"spz {_"{z S"rO"p: T"p{T"O"p: $ @Qp SpQY": _\"B"pS"pW"pupZ:
T"ZX"u"ZrE"ZN"_"pb"pO@pZuN" O"spz {_"{z \"pIF>SO": drX"`pZpG"p{R"ZpG"dr{e"T"sZ_"tQS"_Y"
T">X"{`^Y"p W"s\"S"uY"p: pZpuT"pSO"z B"O"p:, T""pO"o O"e"{_P"O"T"{O"`pqZ\"ue"R"ZrW"tO"p{W":
{N"X"p>{_"{{W":
{S"Zp@wO"p:
@se"
W"\"SO"pu
B"EF>SO"rOY"p{b""p:$
375
T"ZX"u"ZrE"ZN"_"pb"pO@pZuN" \"p[IF>O"p{O""{Y"O"U{_"{z T"p"sX"pB"O"p: _X" OY"sf"qZO"u

O"p{W"O"z X"`pZpG"dr{e"T"sZ_"tQS"_"sSQY"p Q"S"z W"\"O"pz _\"B"_"pX"pSY"\"{S"O"pXT"J>pS"pz
{G"O"u{SY"pN"pz QlW "z, S" W"{\"^Y"{O" $ Y"Qlu "uS" Y"tY"X"e"pB"O"p: O"f"s O"_Y"p: T"_"pQuS"
\"Y"X"{T" QpO"sz b"X"p: {O" O"p{W": O"u E" @wO"pP"r@w O"p OY"p` - T"sZpZpO"uZSO":T"sZX"_"rOY"p{Q $
ù T"ZX"u"qZ O\"z T"sZpZpO"u: T"sZ_"tQS"_Y" $ @s RY"O@J>pb"EF>Jp> X"pe"uN" Y": T"ZX"_"X"P"| T"sZS"pX"pS"z
QvOY"z C"p{O"O"\"pS"o $ O"_Y"pSO":T"sZz _\"rY"pub"... X"{`^"r W"\"{_" $ O"O"_O"_X"pf"Z@ZN"pS"pX"{G"O"u{SY"pN"pz @pX"XT"J>pS"pz O"\" E"ZN"Y"pu: _"T"Y"pX"Y"pQpT"pQT"tG"pT"{O":,
p\"p`S"p- _"S"pS"\"ppZ\"SQS"p{Q@p _"sW"p Y"{T", O"P"p{T" X"S"{_" O"\" E"ZN"z
{E"SO"{Y"O\"p _"X"pB"O"p: "O"X"A"X"sA"p: X"Zp SpQY"pu Qu\"p: O"\" pZpuT"pSO"{_P"{O"{W"Zu\"pO"spz {_"{ S"rO"p: T"p{T"O"p: $ O"P"p E" V"ppuT"E"pZz {\"S"p{T" X"pS"_"vZ\u "puT"E"pZv:
T"tG"Y"O"pX"{T" \"p{IF>O"{_"{W"\"OY"u\"u{O" $ T"sZpZpO"uqZ{O" pu@_Y" Z`_Y"pP": SO":T"sZpZp{O":
{"\": T""pb"Zz, T"sZz T"N"\": X"t{\"p _"T"Y"pX"Y"pQp S"X": $ _"sW"p "p $ O"P"p O"pZz
X"pY"p X"t{\"p {"\"pY" `QY"p{SO"@p $ Q"pN"uY "z X"`p{\"p _"\"O"Se"u^"s B"pu{T"O"p $
S"pAY"pO"\Y"p O\"Y"p W"u Y"P"p _O"s{O""O"z X"X" $ X"pX"ù"Zpu X"Se"_O"P"pY"z X"S"sf"X": $ X"X"
T"pN"p_O"\" T"pN"p \Y"p"z Y"uS" E"ZpE"ZX"o $ Y" O"SX"Se"Y"sB"z T""\"u QpO"s{X"EF>{O" $ O"_Y"
T"pN"pSb"N"pQu\" A"p{Q^Y"{SO" S"X"_@wO": $ Y"pu{B"SY"pu Y"p{T"O"p: T"t\"| _"OY"z _"OY"z \"ZpS"S"u $
Q"pN"uY "z X"`p{\"p S" AY"pO"p @sW"vZ{\" $ O\"Y"p dsO\"p S" \"\Y"z Qu\"uWY": @sS"p{Y"@u $
@{X"{O" X"Se"_Y" S"pupZ: @{O"O"_O"s O"vqZ{O" $ _"\"p_"sSQZr{\"pX"p` $$95$$
BuQ
G[Qx E {zu Ax E hQx. AhUP
hUP ]xu uuh EUQ Cv
u E As {i Ez vzu. |
EU Pniui Ao u ukUPmh.
B Cv u mi P Au Aov
E zv [P. K U ] |: G 10
Az Cu P]. Cx [Pu z. SPP HP
six. (95)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
T"sZpZpO"uqZ{O" $ ù X"pO"_O\"z T"sZpZpO"u: {e"T"sZpSO"@_Y"pSO":T"sZX"\"ZpuR": T">X"{`^"r{O"
Y"p\"O"o$ {_" W"\"{_" $ O"O": @pZN"pO"o O"Z@ZN"pS"pz O"Zp{S" E"T"p{S" @ZN"pS"r{SY"p{N"
376
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -95
Y"u^"pz O"u^"pz T"p{N"S"pz O\""ZN"Y"pu: O\"OT"pQY"pu: _"T"Y"pX"Y"pQp T"tG"pT"@pZpu&_"sW"p QlW "p $

SO":- T"sZT"\"u""zE"{E"f"pS"pz S"p_O"r{O" T"{_"X"o $ O"pu {S""{E"f"v: _"pv{\"Qv:
T"\"u\> Y"{X"{O" S"r{O"\"pY"p{"X"{E"f"vZ\u " _"X"{Y"{W": _"sR"pzW"pu{R"{_P"O"pY"p W"B"\"OY"p:
T"pQpXV"sG"_"u\"p c"pY"O"u, S"pSY"vqZOY"P": $ O"P"p{` O"Qu\" Q"Y"{O", O"u T"{_"p:
"O"X"A"X"sA"p: X"Zp: _"sZB"N"p {N"X"pp{W": _"`pO"spz _""rz T"X"pZ{Ò"pz {_"{z
S"rO"p: T"p{T"O"p: $ {@z{\"R"p{W"Z{N"X"pp{W":, O"\" pZpuT"pSO"{_P"{O"{W": O"\" W"B"\"OY"p
pZ_Y"puT"pSO"u _"X"rT"u {_P"O"Y"pu Y"p_"pz O"p{W":, O"P"pup{W": Y"P"p O\"QopZpuT"pSO"X"u\"
{N"X"p{Q{_"Y": _"u\"SO"u, \"{X"SpQY"pu&{T" X"p: _O"s\"SO"r{O" "u^": $ {N"X"p{> _"rS"pz pZT"pO\"uS" _"\"Qp O"e" \"p_": _\"W"p\"{_": $ SpQrS"pz O"s O"Z@ZN"O\"pO"o
SO":T"sZT"\"u"pS"Ò\"pO"o, Qpv\"pqZ@pS"s_"wOY"p pZQu"u \Y"\"_P"pS"z {_"{"VQpP": {O"
O"pOT"Y"X"o $$ 95 $$
uzw
UP EP Eu. xzuU PP Cu
Aov zv . AP P Cvv zv
. Ao vUS u C. CzvUS
A {P Av Qmiu zv. (95)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" \"{N"O"drX"t{O"| W"\"pS"rz T"ZX"puQpZO\"uS" _O"pv{O" - T"sZpZpO"uqZ{O" $ ù X"pO"_O\"z
T"sZpZpO"uZSO":T"sZz T">X"{`^Y"{_" $ O"O"_O\""ZN"Y"pu: _"T"Y"p T"tG"p O"Z@ZN"pS"pz T"tG"pP"|
\Y"B"{u SY"pN"pz _"sW"p S" W"\"{O" $ O"P"pTY"uO"u "O"X"A"X"sA"p: SpQY":, O"\" pZpuT"pSO"{_P"{O"{W":
Qpv\"pqZ@{W": {N"X"pp{W": {_"{{W"Zu\"pO"spz {_"{z S"rO"p: T"p{T"O"p: $_"T"Y"p| {\"{"S"{>
- X"Y"pQp \"{R"W"tO"p, Y"p _"T"Y"pX"Y"pQp OY"u@T"QX"o $ {_X"ST"b"u X"Y"pQp \"{R": $
W"\"pS"rE"ZN"Y"pu: _"T"Y"pY"p \"{R"O\"z, O": T"ZX"SY"_Y" T"tGY"_Y"pW"p\"pO"o $$ 95 $$
uzu\vP
u UP. u \nh mkP
GS. u & (95)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
S"S"s W"B"\"O"r A"s dr{O"pW">pqZ@p X"`pQu\"X"`pZpG"_Y" dr@pX"u"ZpT"ZT"Y"pY"_Y"
T">X"{`^"r{O" T"{_"{: _"p A"s _"\"Qp SO":T"sZu B"s"p W"\"{O", _"tY"XT"Y"p: A"s
377
ZpG"QpZp:$ _"@X"pO"Zz O\"pX"S"pZpRY" S" @_Y"p{T" G"SO"pu: @p{X"O"UT"p{": $

O"_Y"p"pSO":T"sZB"O"O\"pO@P"z T"tG"p{S"\"p` OY"p"pY"pX"p` - ù T"ZX"u"qZ ! T"sZpZpO"uX"`pQu\"_Y" O\"X"SO":T"sZX"{_" T"R"pS"X"{`^Y"{_" $ Y"O": Y"_X"pO"o @pZN"pO"o _"T"Y"p X"Y"pQp
_"XT"tN"p O"Z@ZN"pS"pX"s"{O"{E"f"\"wf"rS"pX"_"sW"p VR"sX""Y"p $ {_X""P"u Y"s{z
Q"Y"{O", O"P"p`r{O" - Y"O"pu ùO"puX"`pQu{\" O\"X"WY"SO"Z \" {_P"O"p, O"f"_X"pO@pZN"pO"o O"\"
pZpuT"pSO"{_P"{O"{W": {E"SO"pX"{N"B"w`ZpG"-_Y"p{SO"X"@b"p{S"{\">p{W": {V"SQlE"@pO"o V"{`:
eY"dz, V"{`_O"O"pu&>pZz, O"O"pu V"{`ZSO"Q"pZz, O"O"pu V"{`Q"pZz, O"O"pu V"{`X"S\"dz, O"O"pu
V"{`S"pBpQz. O"O"pu V"{`: ^"puL> pQz, O"O"pu V"{`"O"sZdQupu X"sp: O"O"pu X"RY"X"E"O"sZdu
V"p"pp:, _"\"V"{`"O"sZd \"p{N"X"pp: {_P"O"p:$ O"p: A"s T"@J>p V"pp:
W"B"\"OY"p"u{J>@pX"Y"p: pu{W"G"S"\""@O\"pO"o S"pS"pX"pY"p{\"p_"X"tO\"pO"o S"u@Y"pu{B"G"S"X"sO\"pO"o _"\"_"pR"pZN"O\"pO"o B"{N"@pT"pY"p: $ Sp{QV"pG"S"pS"pX"sT"_"T"N"-{S"\"uQS"p{QY"puBY"p: O"p: A"s W"\"{SO" $ O" \" pZpuT"pSO"u _"\"V"pE"O"sZdu {_P"{O": _P"pS"z Y"p_"pz O"p:
O"P"pup:, pZpuT"pSO"{_P"{O"{W"Z{N"X"p{W"; T"t\"pu
p{W": "{{W": "O"X"A"X"sA"p:
T"sZSQZT"X"sA"p: B"r\"pN"p: O"spX"S"sT"X"uY"pz {_"{z W"puB"v"Y"_"zT"Qz S"rO"p: T"p{T"O"p: $$ 95 $$
isi
UP xu. } Ax Ch x\U. Aua _
vPn, AhPn, Auu\, u\, Aha,
\xu\a, Ahu, h\u, u \xazv zu,
|k\xazv u uUP, a\xazv Aov
zvP, Cu Aov Cv u AqP C. CPx
A Cv u u G, x
\ u US Ax? (95)
BppuT"p_"sSQZr
T"sZpZpO"uqZ{O" $ T"sZpZpO"u: {p\"_Y" O\"X"SO":T"sZz T"R"pS"X"{`^"r {_" W"\"{_", O"O"pu
ùO"pu: O"Z@ZNppS"pX"{G"O"u[SY"pNppz O"\" E"ZNpY"pu:, X"Y"pQp _"zT"tNpp, _"T"Y"p T"tG"p,
_"T"Y"pY"p: T"tG"pY"p: X"Y"pQp {S">{u O" \"p _"sW"p Ql^T"pT"p Ql:_"pRY"u{O" Y"p\"O"o, O"P"p{T"
_"zT"tNpT"tG"pY"p W"p\"u&{T" _"XT"tN"T"tG"Y"v\" O"u O"Z@ZN"p: ZzW"p{QT"ZrZXW"p{Q_"zW"p{\"O"QY"p: "O"X"A"X"sA"p SpQY"pu&X"Zp Qu\"p_O"\" pZpuT"pSO"{_P"{O"{W"_O\"QrY"{E"SO"pX"{N"B"w`-ZpG"_Y"p{SO"X"@b"p{S"{\">p{W":{N"X"pp{W"Q"{W": {_"{z W"puB"v"Y"_"zT"QX"o O"spX"{O""{Y"O"pz S"rO"p: T"p{T"O"p OY"`pu O\"OT"tG"pX"p`pOXY"T"@^" OY"P": $
378
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -96
{\"^N"sT"b"u - SO": T"sZX"SO":T"sZu SO":T"sZT"p \"p X"p bX"rY"_Y" _" O"P"p {_"O"O" OY"e"
T"P"pX"pY"pz O"{_":, O"uS" {_"O"p "uO"p _"p{O\"@ O\""ZN"Y"pu: _"T"Y"pX"Y"pQp
O"Z@ZNppS"p{X"SpQrS"pz T"sZS"pX"@QvOY"W"uQS"@O"s: {"\"_Y" TY"_"sW"p $ Y"p T"sZpN"pz
G"pB"O_\"T"n_"s^"sY"\"_P"pT"pN"pX"ZpO"uS"p@_Y" O"\" pZpuT"pSO"{_P"{O"{W": OY"S"uS"pS\"Y": $
P"\"p O\""ZN"Y"pu: {_"O"O": _"f\"T"R"pS"p _"T"Y"pX"Y"pQp O"Z@ZN"pS"pz W"puB"v@T"S"pS"p{X"SpQrS"pX"ZpO"u:T"pQ_Y" T"sZp _"sW"p T"pN"vW Y"p G"pO"p $ O"P"p{T" "O"X"A"X"sA"p X"Zp
{N"X"pp{W": {_"{z S"rO"p: $ _"zT"tN"@p\"p{"Y"{T" T"pQ_Y" O"P"pT"rSpQrS"pX"_"p{f\"@uS"pZpR"S"uS"p{N"X"p{Q{_"{G"pO"v\"uOY"P": $$95$$
Pu
u UP uu. qx & u E
Au. E hz uSv vzu ]US Gu. E
\nk PUP uUS Gmhux. uUS Ax
Qmix. uP Aov zvP {. nzv
uUP. (95)
pS"SQ`Zr
_"pb"pf"\"puT"p_"S"p SpQrS"pX"{T" QlW "uOY"p` - T"sZpZpO"uqZ{O" $ T"sZpZpO"u: {"\"_\"
O\"X"SO":T"sZz T"R"pS"X"{`^"r {_" W"\"{_", O"O"pu ùO"pu_O"Z@ZN"pS"pz E""u{SY"pN"pz O"\"
E"ZN"Y"pu: X"Y"pQp {S":_"rX"p _"zT"tN"u{ O" Y"p\"O"o, _"T"Y"p T"tG"p _"sW"p "Y"uOY"P": $ Y"p
_"T"Y"pY"p X"Y"pQp {S">p Y"P"p{\"{R" ZE"S"uOY"P": $ O"P"p{T" O"pT"tG"pY"p W"p\"u&{T"
Y"{O@z{E"OT"tG"Y"v\"uOY"P"pO"o $ O"u "O"X"A"X"sA"p Spp: X"Zp Qu\"p: O"\" {E"SO"pX"{N"B"w`_Y"
pZz O"_Y"puT"pSO"u {S"@Ju> {_P"{O"Y"p_"pz O"p{W": {N"X"pT"W"w{O"{W": "{{W": {_"{z
Sp{QT"QT"p{"T"pz S"rO"p: O"\" Y"{O@{"OT"tG"Y"p V"{`pZ{_P"O"O\"OT"qZE"pqZ@p{W"Zu\"
SO\"p{QT"Qz QrY"O"u $ _"zT"tN"O\"OT"tG"pUz O"s \"O"sX"u\" S" "Y"O" {O" W"p\": $ {N"X"pQrS"pz
pZpuT"pSO"u T"tG"p{\"R"pS"pf"e" {_P"{O"p $ O"Qlz c"pS"pN"\"u - {N"X"pz T"{"X"pZu Qb"W"pB"u
T"Y"puG"Y"u{QOY"p{Q $$95$$
Bu
Cv u u u AvP[P x Aov
xzv AP mhu. UP Eu. (95)
*
T"{O"\"O"p - vu
379
@e"z \"vR"pe"z @{O" @{O" W"G"SO"u S" @\"Y":

{dY"pu Qu\Y"p: @pu \"p S" W"\"{O" T"{O": @vZ{T" R"S"v: $
X"`pQu\"z {Ò\"p O"\" _"{O" _"O"rS"pX"E"ZX"u
@sE"pWY"p X"p_": 1@sZ\"@O"ZpuZTY"_"sW": $$ 96 $$
Pz uz Pv Pv u | P:
a u: P | v v: P u|: >
u z u v w|\
S\[P: 1 SPu A: >> (96)
1.
X"pW"pBp:P:
v ! vu w G u P ! w| A\ !
vuP { ! uz Pz &
v, Pv Pv P:& Gzu Gzu PP, |& u uhP
Ah? P u: Hu ] \[P, u: : v: P: |
v & u vP. u z & Puz u,
u S\ & E Pzxh, B[P:& An Gx, SPu:
A & uoa \iUS, A: & Gv Qmiv.
w, u]vu, u]Sk G u|[P
{UP.
bX"rR"Zp
@X"pOe"pY"O" {O" @e"z T""r $ @X"z S"Z@z X"RY"\"N"puT":
T"w^"puQZp{QO\"pO_"pR"s: $ @e"z @X"pOe"pY"O" {O" Z{b"O": $ \"vR"pe"z {\"R"pO"w_"zV"{SR" $
{\"R"pO"w"VQ_Y" O"_Y"uQX"o OY"{N" @wO"u _"zV"SR"X"pe"T"ZO\"u O"{"u^"{G"c"p_"pY"pz
@e""VQ_Y"pS\"Y" {O" $ R"pO"s: @e"{X"OY"su O"s _"zV"SR"X"pe"u {\"{Ò"p ^">r _"zV"{SR"SY"u\"
T"Y"\"_Y"O"r{O" _"pb"pQS\"Y" {O" W"p\": $ O"pu S"pY"z T"Y"puB"pu Qpu^"p\"`: $ \"vR"pe"z @e"z
_"Z_\"O"rz @{O"@{O" W"G"SO"u _"u\"SO"u $ S" @\"Y": @u \"p @\"Y"pu S" W"G"SO"u _"\"u& {T" W"G"SO"
OY"P": $ {dY"pu Qu\Y"p: bXY"p:, @pu \"p S" W"\"{O" T"{O": @vZ{T" R"S"v: $ X"`pQu\"z _"Qp{"\"z,
{Ò\"p O"\" W"\"OY"p:, _"{O"! T"{O"\"O"u ! _"O"rS"pz T"{O"\"O"pS"pz, E"ZX"u ! B"B"NY"u ! @sE"pWY"pz
p_": p{:, @sZ\"@O"ZpuZ{T" _"sW": _"sW"pu S" W"\"{O" $ @sE"p{S"z Qpu`QO\"uS"p{T"
@sZ\"@O"ZpuZE"uO"S"_Y"p{T" S" _"zW"\"{O", {@X"s \"\Y"z T"s^"pSO"Z {O" T"p{O"\"OY"z
380
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -96
\"pE"pX"B"puE"Z{X"{O" W"p\": $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù _"{O" ! \"vR"pe"z @e"z @{O"@{O" @\"Y":

S" W"G"SO"u $ {dY"pu Qu\Y"p: @vZ{T" R"S"v: @pu \"p T"{O": S" W"\"{O" $ ù _"O"rS"pX"E"ZX"u ! X"`pQu\"z
{Ò\"p O"\" @sE"pWY"pX"p_": @sZ\"@O"ZpuZTY"_"sW": $ Y"X"P": - Y"u X"Se"G"T"pp_"p{QO"_"pZ_\"O"p: O"u _"Z_\"O"r\"W"p {O" BprY"SO"u $ Y"u R"S"R"pSY"p"BpG"p{Q_"X"w{X"SO": O"u
bX"rT"O"Y": {O" B"rY"SO"u $ T"p\"O"rT"{O"_O"s X"`pQu\" \"u{O" T"p{O"\"OY"X"{`X"p \"pS"_"B"puE"Z {O" $$96$$
u
USU Pz G J a\. |P ]x
P G. } v & vu. vuP }US Akzu
A (A\). } AP {. Pz w.
PP u Uv, pv, v |UQ Psh G
v EU PshkQ. ]u \\u
u vv GU TUPQ. uz u G
Eh E Pshkv. SP (uo) |u
n uu (\UP }US ) GUP. Ax E
Pzv An v. (vzu US \
u w v G \U P.)
(96)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
P" drQu\Y"p: _"pR"pZN"z T"p{O"\"OY"z _O"pv{O"- @e"X"{O" $ \"vR"pe"z @e"z _"Z_\"O"rz,
@{O" @{O" @\"Y"pu S" W"G"SO"u $ {T" O"s V"`\"pu W"G"SO"u $ {dY"pu Qu\Y"p: @pu \"p T"{O"S" W"\"{O",
@vZ{T" R"S"v: @{O"T"Y"{QS"{\"S""Zv: @sV"uZp{Q: _"sZB"N":, X"`pQu\"z {\"`pY" $ ù _"{O" _"O"rS"pX"E"ZX"u
pu ! S"_"tY"pSR"O"rT"W"wO"rS"pz T"{O"\"O"pS"pz O\"X"u\" T"p{O"\"OY"R"X"{S"Qu{"S"r{O" W"p\":$ O"\"
@sE"pWY"pX"p_": pu^": @sZ\"@O"ZpuZTY"_"sW": Qpu`QO\"uS"p{T" S"pu^"pu&W"tO"o @sZ\"@O"ZpuqZOY"P": $ _"Z_\"O"rbT"rT"_"pQuS"puT"p_"@p: X"R"sZ@{\"O\"R"S"R"pSY"p{Q-_"sA"X"S"sW"\"{SO" $ O"\"
T"_"pQuS"pb"Y"_\"T"T"ZX"pS"SQX"S"sW"\"SO"r{O" R\"{S": $$96$$
Uzu
A| Auv uUSU P UQ }.
( u UP. (96)
T"{O"\"O"p - vu
381
N"pX"pu{QS"r
\"z \"O"X"pS"pY"p Qu\Y"p \"pNY"pT"ub"Y"p T"p{O"\"OY"X"_"pR"pZN"X"p` - @e"{X"{O" $
_"O"rS"pz T"{O"\"O"pS"pz E"ZX"p pp, O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{:, ù E"ZX"u ! ù _"{O" ! T"{O"\"O"p
Qpb"pY"N"r{T"N"r, Qu{\" ! _"O"r _"O"r Y"puB"p{\"_"wQ> ù p O"pz G"SX"S"u "v\"R"tz T"T"uQu {O"
@p{Qp_": $ _"O"r T"{O"\"O"pB"pvY"pu: {O" Z"X"pp $ @{O" @{O" {@Y"SO":, @\"Y":,
@p\Y"@ZN"_"X"P"p: _"tZY""$ {\"R"pO"s: V""N" Qz \"vR"pe"z V"p"z @e"z V""T""rz \"pN"rz S"
W"G"SO"u, S" T"pT"n\s "{SO", T"pT"n\s "SOY"u\"uOY"P": $ O"P"p {dY": Qu\Y"p: {\"^N"sT"OSY"p: bXY"p:
@vZ{T" {@Y"OT"qZ{X"O"vZ{T" R"S"v: @pu \"p T"{O": _\"pX"r S" W"\"{O", W"\"OY"u\"uOY"P":$ pu@u
X"Se"G"T"T"sZ"ZN"p{Q{W": Y"u Y"u T"p"_"pZ_\"O"p: O"u _"\"u& {T" V""N"pu&SY"u{T" _"Z_\"O"r\"W"p
{O" B"rY"SO"u; O"P"p Y"u \"p R"S"R"pSY"p{Q_"X"wp: O"u _"\"u& {T" bX"rT"O"Y" {O" BprY"SO"u
OY"P": $ ù _"{O" ! Qr\Y"O"r{O" Qu\":, X"`pz"p_"pv Qu\"" X"`pQu\":, pSX"Ò":
_"X"pS"p{R"@ZN"G"pO"rY"Y"pu: OY"pO\"X"o $ _"SX"Ò"o {O" _"X"p_": $ O"z _"\"Q\u "O"p_"p\"W"pvX"O"Y"p X"`pQu\""VQ\"pEY"z _"Qp{"\"z {Ò\"p, O"\" T"{O"\"O"p{"ZpuX"N"u: W"\"OY"p:
@sE"pWY"pz _O"S"pWY"pz p_": _"zV"SR": @sZ\"@pAY"_Y" O"Zpu: T"s^T"puOT"fY"P"|
r_O"S"p{S"T"Qpu`Q@sO"t`_Y"pE"uO"S"_Y" \"wb"{\""u^"_Y"p{T", {@X"sO"pSY"u^"p{X"OY"P":;
_"sW": _"sW"pu S", QlW " OY"P": $ O": T"p{O"\"OY"Zb"N"u _"p\"R"pS"p _"X"_O"X"pY"p{\"E"b"N"p W"\"O"r, W"\"O_"pvSQY"X"pu{Ò": @{"f"sEF>X"{O": Qu\"B"SR"\"pQrS"pX"SY"O"X":
@sZ\"@W"p\"z _"zT"pTY" T"p{O"\"OY"W"z @sY"p{Q{O" p">Y"p E"uO"S"z @sZ\"@O"X"{T" Qpu`QpP"|
S"p{_"u $ O"pu W"\"OT"p{O"\"OY"z S" SY"pS"p_"pR"pZN"z S"pSY"u E" T"p\"O"rT"O"Y"pu B"rY"SO"u $
{@SO"s X"`pQu\" @ \" B"rY"O"u $ SY"u Qu\"p:, W"\"OT"{O"_O"s X"`pQu\": _"\"e"
@s{NK>O"T"Zp@X""{O" W"p\": $
Anv
w G vuU SkQ \ E x. (
UP[P Psh.) G uUS G u
G E PnUP x. (w G EUP x.)
PUS [P G zuU Th } AnzxU Pshv. (96)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
@e"{X"{O" $ _\"@Y"p T"Z@Y"p _"pX"pSY"\"{S"O"p E"u{O" {e"{\"R"p S"p{Y"@p $ O"e"
T"p\"OY"p: _\"@Y"pO\"X"sf"X"pO\"z {\"\"b"s: _"Z_\"O"rbXY"pu: @X"uNp T"Z@Y"pO\"z _"pX"pSY"-
382
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -96
\"{S"O"pO\"z pVQEF>Su "p`-ù _"{O" T"p\"{O", _"O"rS"pX"E"ZX"u _"rO"p_"p{\"eY"SR"O"rT"X"sA"pS"pz

X"`p_"pR\"rS"pz X"pv{W"tO"u T"R"pS"T"u T"pTY"u SO"u @O"S"rY"u, P"\"p _"O"r S"pX" _"O"r{O" Y"O"o
O"f\"X"u\", E"ZX"u _"puX"_"tY"pS"pOX"@v@T"u, \"vR"pe"z @e"z @{O" @\"Y"pu S" W"G"[SO" $
{\"R"pO"sqZQz \"vR"pe"z, @e"z {Y"z, _"Z_\"O"r{X"OY"P": $ @\"Y"pu X"R"sZ\"E"S"p: @\"rSp: @{O"
S" W"G"SO"u S"puT"p_"O"u, {O" \"\Y"u X"R"sZ\"pNprz \"QSO": T"O"pZ@pZ@p: @{O" S"pu W"G"SO"u $ O"uS"
{\"R"pO"s: @e"_Y" SY"puT"W"puBpu T"@{J>O"T"ZT"s^"pS"sZpBpO\"pO"o T"Z@Y"pO\"z S"v@p[SO"@O\"z E"
_"t{E"O"X"o $ _"pX"pSY"\"{S"O"pY"p R"S"puTs "O\"pO"o bXY"p {T" pVQEF>Su " O"Qp`-{dY"pu
Qu\Y"p bX"rQu\"O"pY"p R"S"v: @wO\"p @pu \"p T"{O"S" G"pO":, {T" O"s _"\"pu& {T" {O" Y"pu R"S"z bX"rz
T"pT"np{u O" _" O"uS" R"S"uS" bX"r\"pS"o W"\"O"r{O" \"\Y"u @vZ{T" R"S"v: @wO\"p bXY"p: _\"pX"r
G"pO": $ S"u@ppu {\"f"z T"ZX"rb"O"r{O" {\"f"X"pe"pvT"p{R"@T"Xu "O\"pO"o _"pX"pSY"\"{S"O"pO\"X"o $ Y"pu
R"S"z Qf"u _" _"pX"pSY"\"{S"O"pz W"sS"{$ ù T"ZX"u"qZ, O\"z {` O"{b"NpuOY"p`, X"`pQu\"z
{\"{R"\"OT"qZNprO"z {Ò\"p {\"`pY" O"\" @sE"pWY"pz _"`p_": _"zV"SR": @sZ\"@O"ZpuZ{T" S" G"pO": $
p{{O": @sZ\"@: @sO"u&S"s\"w{f"{X"{O", @sZ\"@O"Zpu: @p{X"S"r@sE"_"zT"@u Np T"s^T"puQY"pu
W"\"{O" $ _" O"s Bpw`pSO"Z\"{O"{\"`pZ\"p{J>@pY"pz \"O"X"pS"_Y" @sZ\"@O"ZpuZ{T" @s_"sX"@pX"S"Y"p S"
G"pO": $ O"p\"O"p O"ppr X"`p_"O"r O\"z Y"O@sE"pWY"pz "Zz {\"`pY" T"s{z pVQ\"pEY":
@p>pOX"p O"T"pu&{T" S" _T"wY"O"u $ S"uS" T"{O"X"pe"{\"^"Y"pS"sZpBp\"O"r _\"@Y"p,
_"pT"ZpR"u&{T" @pSO"u T"ZpR"X"TY"{\"E"pY", T"qZE"Y"pT"ZpY"Npp O\"{X"{O" _"t{E"O"X"o $ P"\"p
@e"z \"vR"pe"z _"Z_\"O"rz @{O" S" W"G"SO"u, V"`\"pu&{T" W"G"SO"u $ T"Zz O"s @\"Y" \" W"\"SO"r{O"
@{\"O\"X"pe"z Uz S"pSY"O"o $ .... _"S"v: @wO\"p {O"bX"r\"pS"o R"S"\"pS"{T" W"\"{O" _"\"pu& {T" $
bXY"sT"p_"@_Y" {@{"O@pp\"_P"p{Y" R"S"X"pe"UX"o $ {p\"{\"puT"p_"@p:...
O"\"puT"p_"@p_O"s {p\"p{_"pY"sGY"z T"pT"n\s "SO"r{O" $ {` {S""Y"u X"`pQu\"z O\"pz T"pT"n\s "SO"r{O"
pu^": $ Y"{T" O"\" @sE"pWY"pX"p_": @sZ\"@O"ZpuZTY"_"sW": O"P"p{T" S"puT"p_"@_Y"
T"p_"@p{O"qZuS" O"\" _"pY"sGY"z S" pY"{X"OY"P": $$96$$
BuQ
|PP ua \u a \u, xx G
Pk. v uzua \u. v
A TCuP. UP \zu u \kzu
zv Eshu \v, v G u
APkzvU P. i nu Puz u
h uhu } J. v E] P
T"{O"\"O"p - vu
383
B. E] v B. E E]
E ]\Uv .
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
@e"{X"{O" - ù _"{O" T"{O"\"O"u, T"G"pT"O"u: @Qp{E"QlOT"fY"p O"\" _"O"r{O" S"pX" T"{_"X"o$
S" @u\"z O\"z S"pX"np _"O"r, {T" O"s _"O"rS"pX"E"ZX"u T"{O"\"O"pS"pz T"R"pS"W"tO"u W"B"\"{O", @{O" @{O"
@\"Y"pu {\"V"sR"p: \"vR"pe"z {\"R"pO"s: _"zV"{SR" @e"z _"Z_\"O"rz Qu\"rz S" W"G"SO"u S" @e"r@s\"{SO",
{T" O"s @e"r@s\"SOY"u\"$ Y"{O@{"O@{\"O\"pW"uS" _"Z_\"O"r\"W": "pZQp\"W":,
\"pE"_T"{O"qZOY"p{QT"Q\"rz B"w`rO\"p {S":">X"u\" _""Z{O" $ O": _"Z_\"OY"p V"`lT""rO\"uS"
T"{O"\"O"pO\"z QlW "X"o $ O"P"p Qu\Y"p: {dY"pu&{T" bXY"p {T" @vZ{T" R"S"v:
{@{"SX"pe"T"qZ{X"O"{\"f"v: $ @pu \"p X"S"s^Y": T"{O"S" W"\"{O", {T" O"s W"\"OY"u\" $ O" \"
R"S"\"SO"z bX"rT"{O"qZ{O" \"Q{SO" $ O"pu bXY"p: V"`lO"ZR"{S"@T"qZB"`pO"o T"{O"Qu\"O"pO\"z
QlW "X"o$ O"\" O"s @sE"pWY"pX"p_": X"`pQu\"z {Ò\"p pXW"sz {\"`pY" @sZ\"@O"ZpuZTY"_"sW":,
QlW " \" $ f"X"rN"pX"p{S"z Qpu`QpP"| Y"_Y" _" \"wb": @sZ\"@ OY"sEY"O"u $ S"S"s
@sZ\"@O"Zpu: O"O@sE"p_": @P"z QlW "_O"e"p` $ O\"O_"pvSQY"Q"S"pSX"pu{Ò"X"{O":
@{"SX"pY"p\"r B"SR"\": @sZ\"@\"wb"z B"O\"p T"{O"\"O"pY"p: T"p{O"\"OY"W"z @ZpuO"r{O" "Y"p
E"uO"S"X"{T" @sZ\"@@QXV"@z Qpu`QpP"| O\"z S"p{{_" $ Y"O": T"p{O"\"OY"Zb"N"u _"p\"R"pS"p
W"\"_"r{O" $$96$$
uzw
EP Psh UP. (96)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" T"ZX"T"{O"\"O"pO\"uS" W"\"pS"rz _O"pv{O" - @e"{X"{O" $ \"vR"pe"z @e"z V""N"pu W"pY"p|
_"Z_\"O"rX"o $ ... @vZ{T" R"S"v: _"pX"pSY"O": _"s\"N"p{Q{W"X"{`^Y"p{Q{W"Z{T" R"pSY"p{Q{W"ZT"rOY"P":$ \"z bX"r_"Z_\"OY"pu\Y"{W"E"pZz Q"{Y"O\"p W"\"pSY"p_O"QOY"SO"pW"p\"X"p` X"`pQu\"{X"{O"$ ù _"O"rS"pX"E"ZX"u B"NY"X"pS"pS"pz T"{O"\"O"pS"pz X"RY"u T"P"X"O"pu B"NY"X"pS"u, O"\"
@sE"pWY"pX"pW"puB": O\"O@sE"@O"w@ p T"tN"O"p @sZ\"@O"ZpuZTY"_"sW":, _"sW"pu S" W"\"{O" $
@sZ\"@O"Zpu: _"pX"pSY"O": _T""S"c"pS"u&{T", {\""u^"c"pS""tSY"O\"uS"pOY"SO"G"L>_Y"p{T" _"sW"
{O" T"p{O"\"OY"p{O""Y"pu{: $ rN"pz {S"Zrb"N"p{S"pWY"pz {O"@@sZ\"@pv _": T"s{^T"O"pv
W"\"O" {O" @p\Y"T"{_"{: $ p_" {O" T"pK>: _"sB"X":$ pW"puB"pu \"pN"O\"e"u:
T"tN"O"pT"e"Y"puZT"r{O" X"u{QS"r@Z: $$96$$
384
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -96
uzu \vP
u UP. (96)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
@e"{X"{O" $ ù _"{O" ! Qb": T"G"pT"{O": @Qp{E"QlOT"fY"p O"\" _"O"r{O" S"pX" E"@pZ $ S"
@u\"z S"pX"np T"{_"p, {T" O"s _"O"rS"pX"E"ZX"u _"\"T"{O"\"O"pS"pz T"R"pS"W"tO"u W"B"\"{O" ! \"vR"pe"z
{\"R"pO"w_"zV"{SR" @e"z _"Z_\"O"rQu\"rz @{O" @{O" @\"Y"pu S" W"G"SO"u S" @e"r@s\"{SO", {T" O"s
_"\"u @\"Y"pu Y"{O@{"O@{\"O"ppW"uS" _"Z_\"O"r\"W": "pZQp\"W"pu \"pE"_T"{O"qZOY"p{QT"Q\"rz B"w`rO\"p {S":"X"u\" E"Z{SO", O": @pZN"pO"o, _"Z_\"OY"p V"`lT""rO\"uS" T"p{O"\"OY"z
QlW "W"o $ O"P"p Qu\Y"p: {dY"pu&{T" {_"SR"sZpG"S"{SQSY"p: @vZ{T" {@{"SX"pe"T"qZ{X"O"vZ{T"
R"S"v{\"f"v: $ {`ZNY"z {\"N"z sX"nz X"z qZP"z R"S"z \"_"s $ @{O"T"Y"R"S"_"zT"fY"p @pu \"p X"S"s^Y"pu
pu@u bX"rT"{O"S" W"\"{O", O" \" R"S"\"SO"z bX"rW"O"pZz \"Q{SO" $ O"P"p E" W"p{\"T"Y"puB":,
{\"`pY" bX"rT"{O"bX"@pX"s@ X"o {O" $ bX"rT"{O": e" ZpG"\"pE"@: $ O"pu bXY"p"
V"`lO"ZR"{S"@T"qZB"Ò\"pO"o T"{O"Qu\"O"pO\"z QlW "X"o $ O"\" @sE"pWY"pz T"Y"puR"ZpWY"pz p_":
X"`pQu\"z {Ò\"p "XW"sz {\"`pY" @sZ\"@O"ZpuZ{T" f"X"rN"pX"p{S"Qpu`{QS"pu \"wb"{\""u^"_Y"{T"
_"sW"pu QlW " \" $ O" \" O\"z _"\"_"O"rS"pz T"P"X"p $ @sZ\"@O"ZpuZ{T" O"\" @sE"p_": @P"z
QlW " {O" E"uO"o, e"puEY"O"u, O\"O_"pvSQY"Q"S"pSX"pu{Ò"X"{O": @"S" X"pY"p\"r B"SR"\"p{Q:
@sZ\"@\"wb"z B"w`rO\"p T"{O"\"O"pY"p \"O"W"z @sY"p{QOY"p"Y"p E"uO"S"X"{T" @sZ\"@\"wb"z
Qpu`QpP"| O\"z S"p{{_", Y"O"pu W"\"{_" _\"T"p{O"\"OY"Zb"N"u _"p\"R"pS"p $ _"@p _Y"p
{\"E"pZN"p E" $96$$
isi &
u UP. (96)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
@e"{X"{O" - ù _"{O"! Qb"Ql{Ò":! S" @u\"z S"pX"np O\"z _"O"r, _"O"rS"pX"E"ZX"u,
T"{O"\"O"pS"pz T"R"pS"W"tO"u, \"vR"pe"z {\"R"pO"w_"zV"{SR" @e"z _"Z_\"O"rz @{O" @\"Y"pu S" W"G"{SO" S"
@e"r@s\"{SO"? $ Y"{O@{"O@{\"O\"vS"v\" _"Z_\"O"r\"W"O\"X"o $ {dY"pu Qu\Y"p bX"rQu\Y"p:
T"{O": @vZ{T" {@{"SX"pe"vZ{T" R"S"v: @pu \"p S" W"\"{O" $ O"\" @sE"pWY"pz T"Y"puR"ZpWY"pX"p_":
T"qZ^\": X"`pQu\"z {Ò\"p {"\"z {\"`pY" @sZ\"@O"ZpuZ{T" f"X"pS"p{S"Qpu`{QS"pu
\"wb"_Y"p{T" _"sW"pu QlW " OY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - @e"{X"OY"p{QS"p _"Z_\"OY"p: T"sX"SO"Z-
T"{O"\"O"p - vu
385
_"zV"SR"X"sO\"p bXY"p_O"QW"p\"X"p` - {dY" {O" $ {dY"pu Qu\Y"p: T"{O": @vZ{T" R"S"vZ\u ", S" O"s
\"bY"X"pNpp{S"p{QS"p, X"`pQu\"z duQ> \u "z {` {S"{"O"z O\"p O\"pX"pbY"r@wOY" ù O"
\"_"{O"_"O"rS"pz \"_"O"pv B"wù _"O"rS"pz {\"X"pS"pS"pz X"RY"u E"ZX"p dup> Y"p b X"r_O"_Y"p:
@sE"pWY"pX"p_": @sZV"@O"ZpuZTY"_"sW": $ O"P"p E" O\"O_"X"pu S"pSY" {O" W"p\": $ P"\"p
\"vR"pe"z @e"z _"Z_\"O"rz @{O" @\"Y"pu S" W"G"SO"u O"_Y"p: @pu \"p V""p \"p T"{O"S" W"\"{O" $ {T"
O"s W"\"OY"u\" $ O"P"p E" _"Z_\"OY"p {T" T"{O"Y"X"o $ {dY"pu bXY"p: @vZ{T" R"S"v:
@pv_O"sW"p{Q{W": _"` @sE"pWY"pX"p_": X"`pQu\"X"{T" {Ò\"p O"\"v\", S"pSY"_Y" $ @": ?
@sZV"@O"ZpuTY"_"sW": $ S"S"s bXY"p_O\"Q{O"qZpS"sZpB"pu S"p_O"rOY"e" {@z {\"{E"e"X"O" p` Qu\Y"p {Q\"s @L>pP"R"pO\"P"pS"s_"pZpO"o @p{SO""rpY"p: @L>p\"OY"p B"{O""p{SY"p"pY"p
\"p E"ZX"u _"{O" E"ZX"u \"Y"{_" \"p@u _"{O" _"O"rS"pX" _"O"r{O" _"zc"p W"\"O"rOY"P": $
@L>p{Q"p{SY"p bXY"p {T" _P"vY"| O\"YY"u\"u{O" O\"OT"W"p\"puO@^" OY"p"Y": $$96$$
Pu
u u UP. q & \v G
PPUSsk. Au v vPU T ix. Hu K
\u v v G AUP Cx. u
qz u h Gh Cnuv. PxzuU
Th qu uzx. mi Dkk Psh US
}u { Ch. (96)
pS"SQ`Zr
@e"{X"{O" $ ù _"{O" _"O"rS"p{X"n Qb"@SY"u, ù _"O"rS"pz T"{O"\"O"pS"pX"E"ZX"u B"B"NY"u $
O"Qu\"puT"T"pQY"{O", \"vR"pe"z V""_"zV"{SR" @e"z {Y"z _"Z_\"O"rz @{O" @\"Y"pu S" W"G"SO"u $ {T"O"s
W"G"SO" \" $ {dY"pu bXY"p Qu\Y"p: @pu \"p @vZ{T" R"S"vS" W"\"{O" T"{O":, {T" O"s _"\"vZu\" _"\"u
{O" W"p\": $ X"`pQu\"z {Ò\"p OY"O\"p O"\" @sE"pWY"pX"p_": T"qZ^\": @sZ\"@O"Zpu:
f"X"pS"pQpu`QuS" T"s^T"\"O"pu \"wb"{\""u^"_Y"p{T" _"sW"pu QlW": $96$$
Bu
u UP.(96)
*
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -97
386
{B"ZpX"p`lQ\u "rz l{`N"B"w{`N"rX"pB"X"{\"Qpu

`Zu: T""rz T"pz `Z_"È"ZrX"{O"S"Y"pX"o $
O"sZrY"p @p{T" O\"z QlZ{R"B"X"{S":_"rX"X"{`X"p
X"`pX"pY"p1 {\""z W"X"Y"{_" T"ZV""X"{`{^" $$ 97 $$
Qu znUp BPu
: z} z \ Azu| >
x P z xvP {
1 a >> (97)
1.
X"`pX"pY"u
u & ! zv mh ! BPu:
BPu, (E), znU p & C, Q
u & UQ uP, : z} z & zv
P, \ Azu| & xn
PP, B: & \Q. z & } x P A & |P
J. xvP { & Gv Eniu G
Psh. & Q a & EP
Bmi UQ & _a\Q.
Pwa, \xUz|, q, n, ],
], x, \zu|, E, anPp u
u |[P { Q.
bX"rR"Zp
{B"Zpz \"pE"pz, p`l: @P"Y"{SO" $ Qu\"rz {R"Qu\"O"pz, l{`N"B"w{`>N"rz V""N": T""rz,
pB"X"{\"Q: pB"X"X"Z`_Y"\"u{QS":, `Zu: {\"^N"pu:, T""rz G"pY"pz, T"pz T"pY"pz, `Z_"È"Zrz
pXW"sT""rz {O"S"Y"pz T"p\"O"rX"o $ O"sZrY"p E"O"sP"r @p{T" {S"\"pEY"p, O\"z
QlZ{R"B"X"{S"__"rX"X"{`X"p Ql:A"uS" {R"B"SO"sz "Y": _" E"p_"pv {S"__"rX"pu X"{`X"p Y"_Y"p__"p,
Qu"O": @pO"pu \"_O"sO""pT"qZEFu
> Ou Y"P": $ X"`pX"pY"p "s{\"pSO"B"O"z X"pY"pO"f\"z, {\""z
T"T""z, W"X"Y"{_" {\"\"O"Y"_"r{O" {\"\"O"| V""R"X"| X"pY"pY"pX"{O"{Q"{O" $ T"ZV""X"{`{^"!
T"ZV""N": _"Qp{"\"_Y" X"{`{^"! O"P"p E" dtY"O"u-r" O"u bX"r" T"Y"pv {O" T"s^"_"tu !
r: W"s\"S"u"Zr bX"r: dr{\"p W"u V""N"_O"u T"Y"pv $ e" O"Y"puX"RY"u dr{\"pY"p:
X"`pX"pY"p -
387
T"pR"pSY"z, dr{\"pY"pz W"s\"S"u"Y"p SO"W"p\"pO"o $ W"s\"S"u"Y"p| S" dr{\"pY"p SO"W"p\" {O"

E"S@pT"pR"pSY"uS" _"v\" X"{`^"r{O" RY"uY"X"o $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù T"ZV""X"{`{^"!
pB"X"{\"Q: O\"pX"u\" s{`N"B"wq`Nprz {B"Zpz Qu\"rX"p`l:, O\"pX"u\" `Zu: T""rz T"pX"p`l; O\"pX"u\"
`Z_"È"Zrz {O"S"Y"pX"p`l:$ O\"z O"sZrY"p @p{T" QlZ{R"B"X"{S"__"rX"X"{`X"p X"`pX"pY"p _"O"r
{\""z W"X"Y"{_" $ Y"X"P":- @pX"u\" W"B"\"O"rz S"pS"pS"pX"{W": B"wN"SOY"pB"X"{\"Q: T"ZV""X"{`^"r dr{\"pT"ZS"pX"R"uY"p E"S@p @v\"u{O" $$97$$
u
u] mh ! BPu }
zv w G, q zP,
xn PP T. B } Cu U Phu
|P. } G A iu. G E Cu
En ix. E Eniui zxUPsh . Es
En Cu EP US Emkzx. u E
(a) G ( z) G APkzx. }u
z G \vP. (97)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
P" W"B"\"OY"p {S"\"pEY"X"{`X"p{O""Y"z _O"pv{O" - {B"Zp{X"{O" $ {B"Zpz Qu\"rz _"Z_\"O"rz,
l{`N"B"w{`N"rz pB"X"{\"Qpu \"uQ{\"Q: `Zu: T""rz T"pz bX"rz, `Z_"È"Zrz {O"S"Y"pz `vX"\"O"rz
p`l: $ _\"X"O"X"p` - O"sZrY"u{O" $ O"sZrY"p O"Oe"Y"p{O"qZp, QlZ{R"B"X"{S"__"rX"-X"{`X"p
_"Z_\"O"r bX"r: T"p\"O"r{O" T"qZ{EF>"T"pO"rO"p, \"uQ\"pQZO"p{Q{W": QlZ{R"B"X"p X"`pX"pY"p
X"pY"puT"p{R"X"\"XV"X"pS"p {\""z W"X"Y"{_" T"T""z X"pu`Y"{_" $ ù T"ZV""X"{`{^",
T"ZV""p{\"S"pW"tO"{E"EF>u , T"ZV""p{\"S"pW"tO"{E"{p_"_\"W"p\"p {T", X"`pX"pY"puT"p{R"X"\"XVY" _"w{>{_P"{O"_"z`pZ\Y"_"S"T"ZO"Se"v: {\"{R"`qZ`Zv: {\""z W"X"Y"{_" $ W"tY"pu W"tY":
p\"O"Y"{_" $ \"_O"sO"_O\"z _"\"_"p{b"N"r _"z{\"Qu\" T"sZO"pu {\"G"wXW"_"u $ \"pN"r bX"r: T"p\"O"r{O"
X"pY"p{\"p_"_O"\"u{O" W"p\": $ O"Qlz \"p{_"u> - {\""S"pJ>@{\"p_"_"p{b"N"r _"z{\"Qu\" T"sZO"pu
{\"G"wXW"O"u $ {O"$ {S":_"rX"X"{`X"u{O" J>pV"SO": "VQ: $$97$$
Uzu
UP uu. zu mk u ]z \Uv
} z xn Psk i & vv & [P |hzxQ v, ,
G U Psk EP Bmi UQ. vzv Bha
\Q. GS P, nP E }. p, ,
w Gx E mk . (97)
388
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -97
N"pX"pu{QS"r
S"S"s @p" \"pNY"pQY"pu Qu\"\"{S"O"p: ? @u @u E" O"OT"O"Y"pu Qu\"p:, @v^"p E"
T"V"SR"T"{O"T"pp Y"QlO@w>p Qu\"O"uOY"e"p` - {B"Zp{X"{O" $ hO"k _"OY"z T"Zz V"" T"s^"z
@w^N"{T"X"o $ R\"ZOu "z {\"T"pb"z {\""T"pY" \"v S"X"pu S"X": $ {O" dsO"u: _"\""{:
_"Qp{"\": T"Zz V"", O"_Y" X"{`^"r _"\""{T"p O"_Y" W"pY"pW"p\"X"pT""p O"Q_"z{_P"O"p
X"`pbX"rQu\ "r, O"_Y"p>X"NL>pM>p "{X"pù "Zr T"Zp $ X"`pbX"rqZ{O" AY"pO"p Y"pX"p
_"\"X"S"pu`Zr$ {O" T"sZpN"\"E"S"pO"o $ r" O"u bX"r" T"Y"pv {O" dsO"u" $ r: W"s\"S"u"Zr,
bX"r: dr{\"p $ W"u O"u E" V""N": T"Y"pv $ O"Y"puX"RY"u dr{\"pY"p: T"pR"pSY"z, W"s\"S"u"Y"p:
dr{\"pY"pX"SO"W"p\"pO"o $ _"v\" E"S@p _"v\" {"\"X"{`^"r{O" _"zb"uT"O": dsOY"P"Z`_Y"X"o $ z
E" pE"pY"v: _"@G"S"S"r_O"\"u _"sO"p Qb"_Y"pQpv {O" $ Y"p - T"Zz V"" _"@G"B"O@pZN"W"tO"p E" _"p X"{`^"r E" T"ZV""X"{`^"r, _"@G"B"O@pZN"W"tO"p _"w{>[_P"{O"Y"ùO"s:
X"`pbX"r_"X"pAY"p Qu\"O"uOY"P": $ _"\"_Y"pp X"`pbX"r: {e"BpsNpp T"ZX"u"Zr $
bY"pbY"_\"T"p _"p \Y"pTY" @wOz \Y"\"{_P"O"p $ {O" X"p@NLuY> "T"sZpN"puu : $ Qu\Y"p:
_"@G"B"O@pZN"O\"\"p{QS"pz Qu\Y"SY"_Y" T"ZV""N"pu&W"p\"p{Q{O" W"p\": $
Y"p - {\"p{QW"p\"X"pT" T"ZV""N"pu&{T" X"pu{`@uOY"P": $ O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{: ù
T"ZV""X"{`{^" ! \"z{\"R"pY"p {T" _"w
> pvSX"sAY"X"p` X"`pX"pY"u{O" $ X"`p{\"p X"`pX"pY"p
OY"p{Q\"E"S"pO"o X"Ò"r QlZp X"pY"p _"\"X"pu`b"X"p "{Y"_Y"p: _"p, _"\"u^ "pX"{T"
_"z_"pZ\"p_"S"pT"QOu Y"P": $ Y"p X"O"u T"tGY"O" {O" X"`p, _"\"vZ WY"E"S"rY"p, _"p E" _"p S" {\"O"u
X"pY"p @T"J>pu Y"_Y"p: _"p X"pY"p $ T"tG"{Y"O"%N> "pX"@T"J>X"u\" _"X"_O"u{T_"O"Qpe"rOY"P": $ O"QlX"o
- _O"sO"p _"zT"t{G"O"p T"s^T"vR"tT "B"SR"v: _"sR"t{T"O"p $ QQp{O" {\"f"z T"se"pz" X"{O"z R"X"u O"P"p "sW"pX"o $
_"p Y"p{E"O"p E" {\"c"pS"z O"sp> i{z T"Y"EF>{O" $ pZp{R"O"p _"v\" S"wN"pz W"puB"_\"B"pT"\"B"Qp $
{O" $ O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{:, ù X"`pX"pY"u ! _"\"G"B"O@pZN"W"tO"X"`pX"pY"pT"R"pqZqNp ! Qu{\" $
X"`pZp{e" X"`pX"pY"u {O" Qu\"rX"p`pOXY"puu : X"`pX"pY"pY"p: O"X"puT"Qu\Y"\"O"pZO\"pO"o $
O"z E"puf"Zu E"O"sQ "pRY"pY"u - "tSY"z O"X"{A"z pu@z {\"puY" T"ZX"u"Zr $ V"W"pZ
T"X"T"Zz O"X"_"p @u\"uS" {` $ _"p {W""p"S"_"z@ppp Qzp>~ {"O"\"ZpS"S"p $ {\""ppuE"S"p
S"pZr V"W"t\" O"S"sX"RY"X"p $$ (_"p T"p\u "pE" X"`pbX"rz O"pX"_"rz T"X"Qpuf"X"pX"o $ S"pX" @X" E" X"u
X"pO": Qu{` O"sWY"z S"X"pu S"X": $) O"pz T"p\u "pE" X"`pbX"r: O"pX"_"rz T"X"Qpuf"X"pX"o $ QQp{X" O"\"
S"pX"p{S" Y"p{S" @X"p{N" O"p{S" O"u $$ X"`pX"pY"p X"`p@pr X"`pX"pZr b"sR"p O"w^"p $ {S"p O"w^N"p
X"`pX"pY"p -
389
E"v@\"rZp @pZp{e"QlZ OY"Y"p $$ X"p{S" O"\" S"pX"p{S" T"{O"T"pp{S" @X"qW": $ pB"X"{\"Q:

W"pB"\"O"O"f\"T"{O"T"pQ@B"SP"O"pOT"Y"\"uf"pZ: {B"Zpz Qu\"rz \"pBQu\"rz W"\"QrY"_"f\"B"sN"p\"O"pZW"tO"pz
W"\"OY"p \"pN"rOY"p{QS"pX"{W": @wO"_"z@u O"pz Qu\"rz, B"r\"pB\"pN"r _"Z_\"O"r OY"e" W"pB"sqZX"O"u
{B"ZuOY"TY"{_O" {O" \Y"pAY"pS"pO"o p@pZpSO"pu \"p$ O"pz Qu\"rX"o $ e"rO"z f"ZpRY"pY"u O"p{X"OY"sO\"p X"`pbX"r: _\"T"X"T"Zz S"wT" $ _"O\"pAY"uS"p{O""sSu " B"sN"uS"uSQlT"W"z QR"pv $$
b"X"ppDo@> s "R"Zp \"rN"pT"s_O"@R"pqZN"r $ _"p V"W"t\" \"Zp S"pZr S"pX"pSY"_Y"v E" _"p QQpv $$
X"`p{\"p X"`p\"pN"r W"pZO"r \"p@o _"Z_\"O"r $ pY"p V"p"r @pX"R"uS"s\"uQ B"W"p _"sZu "Zr $$
{O" $
l{`N"_Y" W"\"O_"wT> "pP"{X"@{X"P"sS"Y"puOT""_Y" {\"R"pO"wS"pX"@_Y" T"s^"_Y"uOY"P": $
Y"P"puO"z O"e"v\" - OY"sO\"p O"u X"`pbX"r: _"_"G" {X"P"sS"z _\"Y"X"o $ {`ZNY"B"W"pv {E"Zpv
rT"s_z "pv @X"p_"S"pv $$ V""S"o {\"R"u {\"qZ"u{O" R"pO"qZOY"p` O"z S"ZX"o $ dr: T"u @X"u
bX"rOY"p` X"pO"p {Y"z E" O"pX"o {O" $ B"w{`N"rz _"R"{X"N"rz p`l: \"Q{SO" $ V"\s ": T""pS"pz
OY"p{QS"p V"\s " p`pQu": $ T"Z_X"vT"QpS"pX"o OY"p{QS"p H"u: _"pQu": $ O"P"p T"pz
{\"{R"S"p _"` T"t\"pu
T"@pZuN" _"zW"tO"pz bX"rQu\"O"pz `Zu:, _"Z_\"O"rz [_e"Y"z BppuZrz @w^Npz E" T"s^"z
S"wT> " $ G"S"Y"pX"p_" S"pX"p{S" O"Y"puZ{T" \"Qp{X" O"u $ {\"^Nps: @w^Nppu ^"r@u"pu \"p_"sQ\u "pu
G"S"pQS": $ X"p B"pvZr _"O"r E"NL>r _"sSQZr _"sW"B"p {"\"p $$ {O" X"p@NLuY> "puO"u:
O"wO"rY"{X"P"sS"puOT""_Y" {\"^N"pu: T""rz G"pY"pX"p`l:$
O"P"p {O"S"Y"pz {E"{"{X"f"\""uS" {`X"\"OT"s{e"@pO\"X"pT""pz {\"^N"s_\"_"pZ{X"X"pz Qu\"rz
`Z_"È"ZrX"o X"`p@pr W"pZO"r E" {X"P"sS"u _"wG"{O" _X" ` $ O"Y"puZ{T" T"p{N" S"pX"p{S" E"
\"Qp{X" O"u $$ S"r@NK>>z ZV"p`lz "uO"pz E"S"uA"ZX"o $ G"S"Y"pX"p_" T"s^"z X"`p@pr {_"O"pz
{Y"X"o $$ _" : ">Z: _P"pN"s: @T"Qr E" {e"puE"S": $ e"Y"r {\"p @pX"R"uS"s: _"p r
W"p^"pb"Zp _\"Zp {O" X"p@NLuY> "puO"u: pAY"_Y" T"s^"_Y" _"È"Zrz G"pY"pX"p`l: $ O"P"p E"puz
X"p@NLuY> "u - V""N"u T"QQpv T""rz X"`pbX"rS"wT " e"Y"rX"o $ pY" \"ZQpz B"pvZrz \"p_"sQ\u "pY" E"
{dY"X"o $ _\"ZY"p _"` _"zW"tY" {\"qZ"pu&NL>X"G"rG"S"O"o $ {V"W"uQ W"B"\"pS"o _O"pvY"p _"`
\"rY"\"pS"o $$ NL>X"RY"u T"R"pS"p{Q@pY"G"pO"X"W"t"wT" $ X"`pW"tO"pOX"@z _"\"| G"B"O_P"p\"ZG"X"X"o $$ T"sT"pu^" T"pY"pX"p_" O"bXY"p _"` @u"\": {O" $
ù Qu{\" ! O\"z {\"{R"{\"^N"spN"pz O"OT""rS"pz \"pN"rbX"rB"pvZrN"pz @pZN"W"tO"p W"\"O"r
Ql:A"uS"pTY"{R"B"SO"sX""Y"p QlZ{R"B"X"p $ S" {` W"B"\"O"r_"rX"p @_Y"p{T" {\"c"pY"O" {O" $
390
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -97
{S"B"O": _"rX"pY"p: {S":_"rX": T"qZEFuQ> {\"Z{Ò"O\"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ X"{`X"p X"`f\"z Y"pu{B"B"XY"z

Y"_Y"p: _"p, V""p{QQl{\"c"uY"E"qZO"p $ O"sZrY"p _"@Ql:A"pO"rO"p $ " p{QO\"pSX"O\"P"rY "pu&E"o-T"OY"Y": $ O" \" @p{T" {S"\"E"S"rY"p S"pX"pSO"ZvZ{S"Qu Y"uOY"P":$ Y"O"pu \"pE"pu
{S"\"O"SO"u $ T"pTY" X"S"_"p _"` {O" dsO"u: $ z E" X"p@NL>Y"u X"`pbX"rX"`pZpG"
_"\"_"f\"X"ù"Zr $ {S"Zp@pZp E" _"p@pZp _"v\" S"pS"p{W"R"pS"W"wO"o $$ S"pX"pSO"Zv{S"TY"v^"p
S"pX"np S"pSY"uS" @uS"{E"O"o $ {O" $ {\""z _"X"_O"X"{T" G"S"z c"p{S"S"X"c"p{S"S"z E"uOY"P": $
{\""OY"c"pS"{X"{O" \Y"sOT"OY"p, {\""{O" c"pS"pu@u u N" T"ZX"pP"{X"{O" \Y"sOT"fY"p E" {\""pVQ_Y"
W"Y"puZ{T" \"pE"@O\"p{Q{O" W"p\":$ W"X"Y"{_" E"pY"{_" $ X"pu`pSR"@tT"u {S"T"pO"Y"_"rOY"P": $
O"z E" Qu\"rX"p`pOXY"u - c"pS"X"{_O" _"X"_O"_Y" G"SO"pu{\"^"Y"B"puE"Zu OY"pZWY", c"p{S"S"pX"{T"
E"uO"pz{_" Qu\"r W"B"\"O"r {` _"p $ V"pQp@w^Y" X"pu`pY" X"`pX"pY"p T"Y"EF>{O" $$ O"Y"p {\"_"wGY"O"u
{\""z G"B"QuO""ZpE"ZX"o $ _"v^"p T"_""p \"ZQp S"wN"pz W"\"{O" X"sY"u $$ _"p {\"p T"ZX"p X"su :
ùO"sW"tO"p _"S"pO"S"r $ _"z_"pZV"SR"ùO"s" _"v\" _"\"u "Zu"Zr $$ {O" $ {\"{R"`Y"p{Q_"@Qu\"O"p@pZN"W"tO"p O"f""pX"\Y"T"QuY"p _"@G"B"O@pZN"z T"Zz V"" O\"X"u\"u{O" T"ZX"pP":
$$97$$
Anv
a | |: G u G u]
Gx. Ax \Uvzv i \Uv a,
Gk. a () z () Au
C G u T. EPzv Pn, i &
vv & [PUSU Pn, G Psh n (u
Pz) T. Az G mk zvhx EPz
ua \u. vUPz uUP , u zzv
& hx Pzu h uP
]u Pzxh J s u. AUS ,
mh & , P, , ], uP, yUP, mP,
HP, Pz, G. E hx x.
P , xmi, n, zuP Hv AUS z,
p, w, Uu, w, B, , Pu, uP,
G mh. i CmhP Bq sqP
hzu. & , q & P, ]& w G. , v,
g], uu G, , z, P, G, q, Un,
P\, u, |u G, E, P, w, \sj, u, P,
] G, z, \[P, uq, Pw, v\ G z, z, Pu,
, A, , G mh. S v
X"`pX"pY"p -
391
qS ]US P n \zu.
G oh Ti EQ Ashzu hzu. z
Ph Aumh u. EP uU Psh q
h Au zxU P. & q & zPUS
APx z v & & PPUS Pn A Gv
x P Cx. b, Ab G Pmh EQ zx
h\UvP \u|\UvP BmkUQ.
x A AUS Esk. |S Enu b u
Sx S. Au EP h, P, u
A, Uv u, u u A. G
uz Cu US. (97)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
{B"ZpX"p`lqZ{O" $ ù2 T"ZV""X"{`{^" {S"Zp@pZpX"SQ_"z{\"Qlp{_"{S", {B"Zpz Qu\"rz
_"Z_\"O"rX"pB"X"{\"Qpu \"uQ\Y"pAY"pO"pZ: l{`N"B"w{`N"rz V""N"pu W"pY"pX"p`l: $ T"pz bX"rz `Zu:
dr@w^N"_Y" T""rz T"p{N"B"w`rO"rz T"p`l: $ {O"S"Y"pz `vX"\"O"rz `Z_"È"Zrz p`l: $ O\"z O"s
O"pWY"{_O"_"wWY"pu&SY"p
X"`pX"pY"p
_"Z_\"OY"p{QT"qZ{EF>"T"pS"p@pSO"p
X"t{\"p
QlZ{R"BpX"{S": _"rX"X"{`X"p _"O"r {\""z W"X"Y"{_" p\"O"Y"{_" \"p X"pu`Y"{_" \"p $
Y"X"p"Y":- T"ZV""pOX"{S" S"p{Q{_"pRY"p_"uS"pRY"_O"p X"t{\"p G"B"O_"p{b"N"r
{E"EF>{: $ O"_Y"p: @pY"W"tO"p: _P"t{\"pT"p: _"Z_\"OY"pQY": $ O"p_O"s rY"X"pS"p:
_"OY"pu X"t{\"pY"pz @pZN"pOX"{S" rY"SO"u$ X"t{\"p O"s S"v\"X"o $ O"pWY"pu {\"b"N"p
_"pb"p"T"{O"{V"XV"B"p{`N"r O"f"QoB"sN"pu@u _"`pY"uS" G"B"Qp\"O"T"\"{O"@p O"sZrY"p $ X"`p@pr
- X"`pbX"r - X"`p_"Z_\"OY"pQY": _"\"p {T" O"{p_"X"pe"X"o $ c"pS"X"pe"X"\"XVY" O"pz
O"f"QmT"uN" \"N"Y"SO"r{O" $ _"p O"s @u\"p{R">pS"_"pb"pO@pZ_"pRY"p S"pSY"T"@pZuN" $
QlZ{R"B"X"{S":_"rX"X"{`X"uOY"S"uS" _"{b"N"_\"T"z {S"\"E"S"rY"O\"z puOY"O"u $ O"P"p T"p`
\"{_">:- {\""S"pY"@{\"p_"_"p{b"N"r _"z{\"Qu\" T"ZO"pu {\"G"wXW"O"u $ OY"u\"z {E"mT"p
O\"X"u\"u{O" $ {B"ZpX"p`lqZ{O" Z`_Y"pP":- {B"Zpz Qu\"rz \"pBW"\"@tJ>z B"w{`N"r @pX"ZpG"@tJz> `Zu: T""r
O"pO"rY"z, T"p"VQ_Y" bX"r\"pE"@O\"uS" @X"pb"ZT"{O"T"pQ@O\"pO"o O"_Y" {V"SQle"Y"pOX"@O\"X"o $ `Zu: _"È"Zr{O" `@pZ_"@pZpv O"uS" `z_": $ O"P"p {"\"G"pX"X"t{\"pSO"z B"pu...
{\"X"Zp: @{P"O": {"\": $ _"\"p_"sSQZr Qu\"r _"pb"pO"o V""_\"{T"N"r $ W"puB"X"pub"T"Qp
{\"p X"`p{e"T"sZ_"sSQZr $ e" _"\"p_"sSQZrS"pX"np S" T"tG"p $ {@SO"s X"`p{e"T"sZ_"sSQZrS"pX"n\v " $
O"f"s {\"pS"pX""O"W"uQpO"o $ dr{\"pY"p X"sAY"W"tO"p $ {O" dr"ZpE"pY"pu
X"uO"O"o $ e"
392
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -97
_"\"p_"pz T""Q"rS"pz _"X"S\"Y"u _"\"p_"sSQZr{\"pW"uQp W"\"{SO" {O" @u{E"O"o $ S"

E"pE"pY"E"ZN"v_O"P"puX"o $ T"V"pu{R"@p ^"puL> "r T""X"rQu\"r O"P"p _"\"p_"sSQZr $ S"p_"pz
W"uQV"p`lY"{X"{O" $ T"ZSO"s T""QY"p: _"\"P"p W"uQ: $ Y"pu: T""QY"pu_O"s W"uQY"p{O"qZpu
S"p_O"r{O" _"zT"QpY"pS"s_"pZuN" c"pS"X"uO"p_"pz {\"pS"p{X"{O" _"zb"uT": $$97$$
BuQ
E Skx. Au Au mk
hx \hvu \Uv ]z \Uv, z G Pshx. Cu
\Uv \hz uh[Qx ] G A\x
x. Cu u _P ]: \Uz G UPz uh[Qx. Au
\Uv Gkzu i[P Cu _P | PmkQx. zv
mh ! uzu UP u E
w G, G, P xn
w GU T. } Au Smh A SQ \Uvmk.
z } E Es { kzu EP USQ.
} zv E Pz ]z\Uv, z }. EU
PnPU Psh y z i v u.
CP u u o iux Pn Eh h.
z EUS . i EP u AP i }
hUP E. P, , w G E \Uv
A\[P. A APz uzuPU PQ. Au
E G E { Gv En iuuP Ex. Q u &
UTh, Qp & PTh& G Cv {
TkQx. vu G } h Q. g\u
\ G u[P }. (97)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
{B"Zp{X"{O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ, O\"pz S"SO""{W"uQSu " \"O"X"pS"pz @u{E"O"o, T"qZ{X"O"V"sY":
T"qZ{X"O"RY"pS"p{Q\Y"\"`pZuN" T"qZ{X"O"Qu\"T"tG"p{Q@X"N"p E" T"qZ{X"O"z W"puB"p{Q@z Uz
T"p"s@pX"p: _"SO"pu Qu\"O"pSO"Zp@pZuN" W"G"{SO" $ @u pB"X"{\"Q: _"pZ_\"O"\"O"o @wO\"p
T"p{NL>OY"B"SP"@O"wO \"p{Q\"p[B\"^"Y"X"{A"X"v"Y"| T"p"s@pX"p:, l{`N"B"w{`N"rz V""T""rz {B"Zpz
Qu\"rz _"Z_\"O"rz O\"pX"p`l: $ O\"{Y" _"Z_\"O"rT"W"p\"S"pX"u\" @wO\"p O"OUz T"pT"n\s "{SO" $ SY"u O"s
R"S"R"pSY"_"sW"Bp@e"ZP"BpG"O"sZBpT"Qp{O"ZpGY"v"Y"pu{W"S"pu ZpGY"pSO"u S"Z@z R"\s "{X"{O"
T"Zpu@u Ql:A"pS"sW"\"@pZN"O\"pO"o, ZpGY"u O"w^N"pT"ZpÒ"p: _"SO": O\"pz `Zu: T""rz {\"^N"pu:
_"`R"{X"N"rW"tO"pz T"pz bX"rX"p`lW"G"{SO" E" $ T"Zu O\"pB"X"{\"Q: S"ZS"pZrS"wT"pN"pz
X"`pX"pY"p -
393
\""r@ZNpX"pu`S"_O"XW"S"pu"pJ>S"u^"N"X"pZN"p{Q@z
\"pBQu`pu`{_"{z
V"`l@ppuT"p_"S"Y"p
{N"X"p{Q{_"{z E" \"pIF>SO": O"u A"s `Z_"È"Zrz X"`pQu\"_"R"{X"N"rz {O"S"Y"pz T"p\"O"rz
O\"pX"p`l: W"G"{SO" E" $ O"u e"Y"pu&{T" T"qZ{X"O"Y"pu{B"S": T"qZ{X"O"Up@pz{b"N"" T"{O"T"p{QO"p: $ T"qZ{X"O"Y"pu{B"{W"ZT"qZ{X"O"X"pS"SQT"z G"r\"SX"s{T"Q"VQ\"pEY"z OY"Y"Z{Ò"z
{@Y"X"{E"SOY"X"T"X"uY"z X"`p{_"{X"pB"| Y"u \"pIF>{SO" O"u^"pX"pZpR"S"Y"puBY"pz W"B"\"O"rz
{O"rY"pR"uS " T"{O"T"pQY"{O" $
O"sZrY"p O"sZrY"T"Q_"zT""p @pTY"{S"\"E"S"rY"p{_" $ {@z O"sZrY"z R"pX", G"pB"O": _"\"W"uQ_"zT"tN"pO"o, ^"uQ"V"{O"pO"o _\"TS"pO"o, {W"W"tO"W"uQB"`N"pO"o S"sSX"{O"W"uQ@pZNppO"o Qz
`z O\"{X"{O" {e"T"s^"{\"c"pS"pW"p\"uS" @p@pZO"X"__"zF> "T"wP"@oT"P"pT"pO"o _"s^"s{"T"Qp"
{S":"u^"{\"B"{O"pc"pS"z T"ZX"Y"pu{B"S"pz _"X"p{R"T"X"pS"SQX"Y"X"Y"z O"f"sZrY"X"sEY"O"u $ O"O"r _"p
W"B"\"O"r O"sZrY"p, O"{_X""u\" Qu\"r _"z{E"SOY"O"u $ O"P"p E" ds{O":, Y"O"pu \"pE"pu {S"\"O"SO"u $
T"pTY" X"S"_"p _"ù{O" $ {@zW"tO"p O\"z, QlZ{R"B"{S":_"rX"X"{`X"p QlZ{R"B"X"pu Ql:A"uS"p{R"B"SO"sz
c"pO"sz "Y": {S":_"rX"p T"qZEFuQ> Z{Ò": X"{`X"p Y"_Y"p: _"p O"P"pup $ S" {` W"B"\"OY"p X"{`X"p
@uS"p{T" c"pY"O"u T"qZ{EF>O"u \"p $ O": @pZN"pQo ù X"`pX"pY"u X"Ò"r E"p_"pv X"pY"p E"u{O"
{S"^@T"J>p O"_Y"p: _"zV"puR"S"X"o $ c"pS"u c"pS"R"r:, W"Y"u W"Y"R"r:, e"pN"u e"pN"V"s{:,
{S"OY"u {S"OY"W"X":, Ql:A"u^"s _"sA"c"pS"{X"OY"p{Q: S"SO": A"s X"pY"p"VQ\Y"\"`pZ:
@T"J>\Y"\"`pZ: O"{Z{Ò"p X"pY"p $ \"z W"B"\"OY"u\" _"z_"pZùO"sX"pub "ùO"s" $ O" \" O\"z {\""z
_"z_"pqZN"z G"S"z Y"pu{B"S"z E" W"X"Y"{_", c"pS"\"SO"z @Zpu{^" $ T"ZV""N"pu W"B"\"O": X"{`^"r
_"\""{T"p $ O"uS" W"puB"X"pub"ùO"sO\"pB"\"OY"p: _"\"Q\u "O"p{R"Y"z T"{O"T"p{QO"X"o $$97$$
uzw
E UP. G E { En Cu,
Smh z uP, Smh iPz umk
Psk kQ. Au vP, P, PP
EU Psk Au u Q. } x,
CUS Amh, |hUPm]x
kP EnzxQ Px, En, B
uPP Auzxh E yUPzvx | } Ax Cx G
En Bu | G Azu En
x }. } Q, A A, Azu ,
A{zzu {z, xUPzu P uka \Q. Au
uzvS Avx kh } EuQ. G \UvP
x }. (97)
394
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -97
T"QpP"E"{S@p
\"z {"\":"OY"uOY"pZWY" T"ZV""O\"uS" W"\"pS"rz {S"\"NY" RY"p_"X"O"X"S"s\"QS"o
_\"X"O"X"sT"_"z`Z{O" - {B"Zp{X"{O" $ ù X"`pX"pY"u T"ZV""X"{`{^", O\"z @p{T" T"X"pN"pv\"O"sX""Y"p
O"sZrY"p {\""pT"ub"Y"p, O"sZrY""VQ\"pEY"V""T"p _"O"r {\""z W"X"Y"{_" $ T"uN"u{O"
_\"X"O"puT"SY"p_": $ _T"z> T"t\"pR"X"o $$97$$
uzu\vP
u UPzv _UP.
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù T"ZX"u"qZ! O\"pX"S"SO"@pu{J>"{W"uQSu " _"\"X"u\" G"B"pTY" \"O"X"pS"pz T"qZ{X"O"V"sY":
@u{E"O"o T"qZ{X"O"RY"pS"p{Q\Y"\"`pZuN" T"qZ{X"O"Qu\"T"tG"p{Q@X"N"p E" T"qZ{X"O"z W"puB"p{Q@z
{\"S""Zz Uz T"p"s@pX"p: _"SO"pu Qu\"O"pSO"Zp@pZuN" W"G"{SO" $ O"u^"pz T"b"e"Y"z T"qZ{X"O"X"p`@u{E"QpB"X"{\"Q: _"pZ_\"O"\"O"o @wO\"p T"p{NL>OY"B"SP"@O"wO \"p{Q\"p{B\"^"Y"X"{A"X"v"Y"|
T"p"s@pX"p: _"SO": s{`N"B"w{`N"rz V""T""rz, {B"Zpz Qu\"rz _"Z_\"O"rz O\"pX"p`l:$ O\"{Y"
_"Z_\"O"rT"T"qZEFuQ> W"p\"S"pX"u\" @wO\"p O"OUz T"pT"n\s "{SO" $ SY"u O\"pB"X"{\"Qpu
R"S"R"pSY"_"sW"B"@e"ZP"B"G"O"sZB"T"Qp{O"-ZpGY"v"Y"pu{W"S"pu ZpGY"pSO"u S"Z@z R"\s "X"o {O"
T"Zpu@u Ql:A"pS"sW"\"@pZN"O\"pO"o ùY"u{T" ZpGY"u O"w^N"pT"ZpÒ"p: T"\"wf"p: _"SO": O\"pz `Zu: T""rz
{\"^N"pu: _"`R"{X"N"rW"tO"pz T"pz bX"rX"p`l: W"G"{SO" E" $ V"It "o \Y"pY"pz \"p{E" {O"
\"E"S"X"pe"uN" W"G"S"z @P"{X"{O" E"uO"o, EY"O"u$O"f"EF>pu^"s _"Z_\"OY"p{QQu\"O"pT"{O"T"pQ@u^"s
O"QlT"p_"S"X"Se"p{Q@pS"o S" @u\"z \"Q{SO" T"p_"@p:, {T" O"s O"vX"Se"vG"T"p{Q@z Y"pB"p{Q@z \"p
pE"ZSOY"u\", O" \"p`lqZ{O" \"E"S"uS" _"X"S"SO"ZW"p{\"{S"Y"O"W"G"S"X"p{b"TY" T"{O"T"O" \" $
Y"u O\"pB"X"{\"Q: S"ZS"pZrS"wT"pN"pz \""r@ZN"X"pu`S"_O"XW"S"pu"pJ>S"{\"u^"N"X"pZN"p{Q@z
\"pBQu`pu`{_"{z E" V"`l@ppuT"p_"S"Y"p {N"X"p{Q{_"r" Y"u \"pIF>{SO", O"u A"s `Z_"È"Zrz
X"`pQu\"_"R"{X"N"rX"{O"S"Y"pz T"p\"O"rz O\"pX"p`l:, \"E"S"pS"SO"Zz W"G"{SO" E" $ \"X"uO"u e"Y"pu&{T"
T"qZ{X"O"Y"pu{B"S": T"qZ{X"O"Up@pDob> "p" T"{O"T"p{QO"p: $
V" "T"Q"VQ\"pEY"X"T"\Y"Y"Z{Ò"X""rO"pu ^ N"X""u ^ "{\""pOX"O"pW"p\"S"pb"N"z
{\"S"\"ZY"pB"p{Q@X"pS"sV"SR"{\"Z{Ò"X"{@Y"X"{E"SOY"z X"`p{_"{X"pB"| Y"u \"pIF>{SO", O"u^"pz
_"X"pZpR"S"Y"puBY"pz W"B"\"O"rz {O"rY"pR"uS " T"{O"T"pQY"{O" - O"sZrY"u{O" $ T"s\"B"{N"O"pS"pz
X"`pX"pY"p -
395
_"Z_\"OY"pQrS"pz {O"_"wN"pX"{T" E"O"sP" - _"pT"tZN"r O"sZrY"u{O" S" \"O"sX"s{E"O"p,

O"O_"pR"pZN"R"X"O\"u _"{O" O"O_"pXY"pT"f"u:, T"qZ{X"O"pS"pz T"qZ{X"O"v\" T"tZN"rW"{\"O"sX"s{E"O"p,
T"qZ{X"O"pY"p_O"\" T"tZN"_"p{\"{">O\"pW"p\"pO"o, {@SO"s O"sZrY"p"VQuS" {@X"sEY"O"pX"o ?
EY"O"u - O"sZrY"p O"sZrY"T"Q_"zT""p $ " p{QO\"pSX"O"sV"P"pE"oT"OY"Y"u O"sZrY"u{O", O"sZrY"p $ {@z
O"f"sZrY"z
R"pX"?
G"pB"O":
_"\"W"uQ_"zT"tN"pO"o,
^"QoW"uQ"V"{O"pO"o
_\"T"npO"o,
{W"W"tO"W"uQB"`pQS"sSX"t{O"W"uQ@pZN"pO"o QX"o-`X"o-O\"X"o-{O" {e"T"s^"{\"c"pS"pW"p\"uS"
@p@pZO"X":_"IF>"T"P"pT"pO"o _"s^"s{"T"QpO"o E", {S":"u^"{\"B"{O"pc"pS"z, T"ZX"Y"pu{B"S"pz
_"X"p{R"T"X"pS"SQX"Y"X"Y"z Y"f"f"sZrY"{X"OY"sEY"O"u $ O"O"r _"p W"B"\"O"r O"sZrY"p O"{_X""u\" T"Qu
_"p {E"SOY"O"u $ S" O"s O"sZrY"p Y"p {E"SOY"_Y" T"Qu Y"p {E"SOY"O"u O"_Y"p S"pX"T"puAu "p{Q@z
@P"{X"{O" E"u" $ @sO":, S"p_Y"p S"pX"T"puAu "p{Q, O" \" @p{T" \"O"sX""Y"p X"S"_"p
{E"SO"{Y"O"sX"TY""Y"p, O"P"p E" dtY"O"u Y"O"pu \"pE"pu {S"\"O"SO"u$ T"pTY" X"S"_"p _"` $ {O" $
O" \" @pZN"pO"o QlZ{R"B"X"{S":_"rX"X"{`X"p QlZ{R"B"X"pu {S":_"rX"pu X"{`X"p-{S"B"O"p _"rX"p
Y"_X"pO"o _" {S":_"rX": T"qZEFuQ> Z{Ò": \"zW"tO"pu X"{`X"p Y"_Y"p: _"p O"P"pup, X"`pX"pY"p
S"p{\"pT"uN" _"\"u^ "pX"{T" X"pu`S"b"X"p {O" _"z_"pZp\"_P"pY"pX"o $ T"ZX"Y"pu{B"S"pz O"s
T"ZX"pP"c"pS"p\"_"Zu, X"`pX"pY"p X"Ò"r E"p_"pv X"pY"p E"u{O" @pZT"û ": $ pG"\"z V""N":
T"QX"o {O" \"pS"o $ @T"J>T"p, @T"J>: A"s X"pY"p, SY"_Y"pSY"W"p\"uS" B"`N"z, _"
\"pW"p_":, c"pS"u c"pS"R"r:, W"Y"u W"Y"R"r:, e"pN"u e"pN"V"s{:, {S"OY"u {S"OY"V"s{:,
Ql:A"u _"sA"c"pS"{X"OY"{Q $
: S"SO": {\"^N"sX"pY"p"VQ\"pEY": @T"J>\Y"\"`pZ: O"{Z{Ò"p X"pY"p$ \"z E"
W"\"OY"u\" _"z_"pZùO"sX"pub "ùO"s" $ W"puB"X"pub"T"QO\"z W"B"\"OY"p X"`pQu\"uS" X"S"puW"\"_O"pue"u @{P"O"z S"pSY"z {S"^"u\"u S" {` E"pSY"X"rLu> S" E"pT"Zz Qv\"O"X"E"Y"p{X" $... S"p`z T"ZX"pP"T"pz dr_"sSQZrz
E"uO"{_" {\"_X"Zp{X" $ e" E" T"ZX"pP"T"p"VQuS" T"ZX"T"p, P"T"p OY"P"Y"z {_"RY"{O"
T"ZX"pu X"pub":, P": _"z_"pZ: W"Y"_Y"p{T" _"v\" @pZN"X"o $ ZrOY"p X"Ò"r E"p_"pv X"pY"p E"u{O"
_"z_"pZu, X"Ò"r E"p_"pv X"pY"u{O" X"pub"u $ O" \" _"\"@X""O\"pO"o W"B"\"O": T"ZV""N":
_"\""{T"p T"ZV""X"{`^"r, drdr@pX"u"ZX"`pW">pZ@_Y"pp{O"p T">X"{`^"r, O" \"
X"`pdrE"@S"B"Z_"pX"pc"r T"{_"p {\""z W"X"Y"{_", {\""z _"z_"pqZN"z G"S"z, Y"pu{B"G"S"z,
{\""OY"c"pS"uS"
_"z_"pZB"`S"{X"{O"
{\""z
_"z_"pqZG"S"z,
{\""{O"
c"pS"pu@u u N"
T"ZX"pP"c"pS"pupuB"{X"{O" {\""z Y"pu{B"G"S"z E" O"X"sW"Y"{\"R"X"{T" Zp{"z W"X"Y"{_" $ c"pS"\"SO"z
396
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -98
@Zpu{^", T"sS": W"X"Y"{_" $ W"X"pu G"B"p{":, {\""pOX"W"p\"S"p O"SO"z @Zpu{^", O"uS"p{T"

T"t\"\"O"o W"puB"X"pub"ùO"sO\"pO"o W"B"\"OY"p: _"\"Q\u "O"p{R"Y"z T"{O"T"p{QO"X"o $$97$$
isi
uzw E UP. Ph |h
UvP, Azu uP \UvP, PamhP
ix Ax mh P, \U |PoP P
QP US BmkzxQ. AbUQ, EP Bz G
bUQ, USQ. Au uuP Ah
[Q. (97)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
{B"ZpX"p`lqZ{O" - ù T"ZV""X"{`{^"! X"ù"T"{"! X"`pX"pY"u S"p{\"pT"u! l{`N"pu
V""p O"_Y" B"w{`N"rz T""rz {B"Zpz Qu\"rz _"Z_\"O"rz O\"pBpX"{\"Qpu \"uQ{\"Q p`l:, `Zu{\"^N"pu: T""rz
{dY"z T"pz bX"rX"p`l: `Z_"È"Zrz {"\"_"`R"{X"NprX"u{`X"pY"_Y" O"S"Y"pz T"se"rX"p`l: $
_\"X"O"X"p` - O\"z @pTY"{S"\"E"S"rY"p O"sZrY"p _"Z_\"OY"p{O"qZp QlZ{R"B"X"pu Qlc"uY ":
{S":_"rX"X"{`X"p {S":_"rX"pu&T"Y"SO": X"{`X"p T"W"p\"pu Y"_Y"p: _"p QlZ{R"B"X"{S":_"rX"X"{`X"p
{\""z T"p{N"G"pO"z W"X"Y"{_" _"Z_\"OY"p{Q_\"@Y"S"pS"pT"z T"QY" O"uS" V"s{X"SO"z
@Zpu^"rOY"P": $ P"\"p {B"Zpz Qu\"rX"v@z pZT"pz T""Q"r\"pBW"\"@tJ>T"pz \"p pBpX"{\"Q_O"p{Se"@p `Zu: T""rz drV"rG"T"pz T""Q"rO"wO"rY"@tJ>T"pz \"p T""Q"r@tJ>e"Y"_Y"
V""{\"^N"s{"\"p{R"{>O"O\"pO"o$ O"sZrY"p @pZT"p O"sY"pSO"vZSO"X"pT"pY"u{O" O"Se"ZpG"pue"Y"puQ"pb"ZO"sZrY"@tJ>T"p \"uOY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - ù X"`pX"pY"u ! X"`pX"pY"p
b X"rY"_Y"uOY"P"pO"o Do> `_\"p{Q {O" _"spuT": $ O\"pz _"Z_\"O"rz bX"rz W"\"pS"r"pB"X"{\"Qpu
\"Q{SO" rT"pu&{T" O\"X"u\"uOY"P": $ \"_O"sB"OY"p p{T" QlZ{R"B"X"{S":_"rX"X"{`X"p O"sZrY"p
G"pB"O_\"T"n_"s^"sY"\"_P"p{O"qZp\"_P"p O\"z {\""z G"B"O"o W"X"Y"{_" S"pS"pO\"uS" Q"Y"{_", @"z
G"B"O"o ? T"ZV""v\" X"{`^"pu \"p`S"X"pR"pZ T"pQpS"@pZN"z Y"_Y" O"OT"ZV""X"{`{^",
X"{`^"\"p`S"O\"uS" _"z_"pZ_Y"p{T" \"NpS"pO"o O"_Y" Y"X"_""W"Y"QpY"@O\"z _"tEY"O"u $$97$$
Pu
u UP. UQ uP I[PP g\u] U
ThP P P g\u] x ThP,
DPP xP E. q zv & s i v &
& i E }. , P, yUP G {
E"ZNp{S"NpuG "S"X"o - vi Au
397
Amh x { E } ! zu EUS BuP

PU Psk & \Q. (97)
pS"SQ`Zr
{B"Zp{X"{O"$ ù T"ZV""X"{`{^", V"""u, l{`N"pu V""p O"_Y" B"w{`N"rz T""rz {B"Zpz \"pE"pz
Qu\"rz _"Z_\"O"rX"pB"X"{\"Q: "pc"p: p`l: \"Q{SO" $ \"X"B"&u TY"S\"Y": $ T"pz bX"rX"o $
`Z_"È"Zrz {"\"_Y" T""rz u{`X"pY"XY" O"S"Y"pz @SY"pX"o $ \"_O"s{_P"{O"X"p`@pTY"{S"\"E"rY"p O"sZrY"p G"pB"O_\"T"n_"s^"s{"T"p\"_P"pe"Y"pO"rO"p $ O"Qlz c"pS"pN"\"u {S"pQpv
G"pB"Z_Y"pSO"u _UsZf"pX"pe"b"N"p $ \"_P"pT"tN"O"pz T"p"p O"sY"p\"_P"p T"Zp @u{O" $
T"t\"pu
pS"pz {O"_"wN"pz O\"z O"sZrY"u{O" @{"O"o $ QlZ{R"B"X"pu Ql{\"c"uY"pu {S":_"rX"pu&S"SO"X"{`X"p
Y"_Y"p: _"p O"P"p $ L>p{T" {J>puT": $ O"p"pu Y"pu X"{`X"p P"pOT"ZV""N":, O"O_\"T"u{O" \"p $
X"Ò"r E"p_"pv X"pY"p E"u{O" _"p O"P"p $ X"pY"p X"pu{`@p "{Z{\"pT"p $
X"pY"uOY"e"p@pZT"û "pQX"pY"p {\"pT"u{O" @{"O"o$ X"`pX"pY"u {O" T"pKu> _"zV"puR"S"X"o $ "r O\"z
{\""z G"B"Qu\"z W"X"Y"{_", bX"r{W""p O\"z {W""p _"Z_\"O"r {W""uOY"p{QS"p W"pSO"z @Zpu{^" $
\"_O"sB"OY"p O\"z V""T"O"Y"p bXY"p{QT"p {\"^N\"p{QT"p E" O"QlO"z O"Se"ZpG"u @Qp{E"Qpp {O"p T"zs T"p @w^N"{\"B"`p $ \"uN"sS"pQ_"X"pZXW"pQ@Zpu{\""z G"B"{Q{O" $$97$$
Bu
UP uu. u {PUS A }
E. yUPzv uhUPzv Cv En i
{u xP. Ax }. w . GU SQ.
Es P, v uP, AP PnP
uP E }. u Bsh Psk
QnPz u. Sv EP \UPa \u G. (97)
*
@Qp @pu X"pO": @P"Y" @{O"p@Z_"z

{T"V"uY"z {\"pP"r O"\" E"ZN"{S"N"uG"S"G"X"o $
T"@wOY"p X"t@pS"pX"{T" E" @{\"O"p@pZN"O"Y"p
1
@Qp R"f"u 2\"pN"rX"sA"@X"O"pXV"tZ_"O"pX"o3 $$ 98 $$
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -98
398
Pu P u: Pu PuUuP
zzw u \n{n| >
Uz P| \ PuPnu
1
1. Y"Qp
Pu uzu p
PPuu 3 >>
R"f"u Puuzu. 2. \"pNprz
p 3. Z_"S"pX"o
ZE"S"pX"o
| \|.
u & u:& u & PuUuP & \g_U SPu u,

\n{n| & Ex P}, zzw A & P
si {Q |, Pu P & Gx S !, Pu ! & T
(Ax), Uz P| A & FUS,
PuPnu & P CUPnu, p PP u
u & v u F ua \ {,
Pu uzu? & Gx HS?
bX"rR"Zp
@Qp @pu G"SX"T"W"wOY"\"_"pS"T"Y"SO" {O" "u^": $ X"pO":! G"S"{S" ! @P"Y" _"XY"B"sT"{Q"$
@{O"p@Z_"z @{O"z T"{QBR"z @Z_"z Y"p\"@z \"p rN"pz T"pQpR"ZpuZ> "S"pP"| @\"z
T"{Q`{SO" _"vZSR": $ {T"V"uY"z T"pP"S"pY"pz {Do> $ {\"pP"r {\"p: P"Y"O" {O" {\"pP"r $
Y"p - P": T"Y"puG"S"X"_Y" P"r {\"p{W": P"r{O" $ e" Z{b"O" p` - P""VQpSX"O\"P"u
{S"T"OY"Y" {O" $ O" \" O"uS"pP"\"pS"o puW"T"ZpDoX> "sA"uS" {O" @p{Qp_"uS" X"O"sV"u\" T"Y"s: $
X"pC"u {S"O"pSO"X"{P"S": {O" {N"{S"Zu\" $ P"r _"X"P"pu {\"pS"o OY"pQp\"{T" {N"{S"Zu\" $
O" \" T"t\"\Y"pAY"v\" _"X"rE"pS"p $ O"\" W"\"OY"p:, E"ZN"{S"N"uG"S"G"z E"ZN"Y"pu: T"pQY"pu:
{S"N"uG"S"G"z T"ppuQ@z, T"@wOY"p _\"W"p\"uS" X"t@pS"pz, {T": {\"ZpuR"u, E"@pZ: "pEFu>Qu,
@{\"O"p@pZN"O"Y"p @{\"O"pY"p: ùO"sO"Y"p, @Qp R"f"u \"pN"rX"sA"@X"O"pXV"tZ_"O"pz \"pNY"p:
_"Z_\"OY"p: X"s A "@X"u Y"_O"pXV"t Z_": O"_Y" W"p\"_O"f"p O"pX"o $ Y"z W"p\":W"B"\"O"rT"pQpZ{\"SQ{S"N"u G "S"G"z _"p@z @{\"O"pù O "s : @\"r"Z_Y" \"QS"u {_P"O"z
_"Z_\"O"rO"pBV"tZ_" \" T"OY"b"z W"p{O" $ _" O"s @\"r"Z: T"sXW"p\"X"pT""p _"Z_\"O"r\"pW"pO"r{O"$
e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p- ù X"pO": ! O"\" @{O"p@Z_"z E"ZN"{S"N"uG "S"G"z {\"pP"r `z
@Qp @pu {T"V"uY"z @P"Y" $ O"" T"@w OY"p X"t@pS"pz S"uLX> "t@pS"pz \"O"sz dpuO"sz {"{b"O"pS"pX"{T"
E" @{\"O"p@pZN"O"Y"p \"pN"rX"sA"@X"O"pXV"tZ_"O"pz @Qp R"f"u ? e"uQX"S"s_"SR"uY"X"o W"B"\"OT"pQv: S"uLX> "t@u WY": C"sE"E"p_O"pue"Y"z `_O"X"_O"@_"zY"puB"X"{`X"np \"p{E" $ O"SX"{`X"np
399
W"B"\"O"r T"pQpZ{\"SQ{S"N"uG "S"G"z O"SX"sA"u Qf"\"O"r $ O"{"N"uG "S"G"z T"sS": T"pP"Y"OY"pE"pY": $

S"uS" _"pX"rTY"X"s{{QO"p $ O"{"u^"pS"sf"Zpu@u {\"\"qZ^Y"pX":$ E"ZNp {S"NpuG "S"G"{X"{O"
\"QO"p _"X"{Y"X"O"X"u\"puz, @pvX"O"u W"sG"Bpp@pZuNpv\" Qu\Y"p \"_P"pS"pO"o E"ZN"{S"N"uG "S"G"_Y"pW"p\"pO"o _"`@X" \" E"ZN"{S"N"uG "S"G"{X"{O" T"t\"X"u\" V"`lR"p T"T"{"O"X"o$
O" \" - _"sR"pR"pZp_"pZv"ZN"Y"sB"pSO"{\"B"{O"v: T"T""z {_""SO"r T"sS"Z{T" Z_"pX"npY"X"`_":
O"rQX"R"| _"X"Y"X"O"T"{O"T"pQ@X"o $ \"pTY" _\"z W"t{X"| W"sG"B"{S"W"X"RY"s\> "Y"z _\"X"pOX"pS"z
@wO\"p _\"{T"{T" @s@sNLu> @s`qZ{N" O"rQX"R"| @pvX"O"T"{O"T"pQ@{X"{O" {\"\"u@: $
e"puOT"bu "ppZ:, E"ZN"{S"N"uG "S"p@Z_"_Y" _"Z_\"O"rO"pXV"tZ_"O\"uS"pRY"\"_"pS"pO"o $
_"X"{Y"S": _"pb"pO_"Z_\"O"r_\"T"O\"uS"pRY"\"_"pS"p" OT"bu "p{O""Y"puOY"pu__"Z: $$98$$
u
u ! E vi \g_U S \mkx. Azxh E
vi z} }mi, AuU S Pu } Gx S?
GUSU P P B\. Au } FUS Pu Q
Bz u. Au P v ua \ Q { Hk !
P u FUP PukQ \Uv u . C[P
& PzuP \h FPUSz u
P zx Suzu \\uzu \P. u
vi} Q. Au \Uv Fzu \k }[P .
i B\ Au vi } skQ. (98)
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
O"p\"O"p E"ZN"Y"puX"{`X"pS"z T"_O"sOY" O""ZN"{S"N"uG "S"G"T"pS"z T"pP"Y"O"u - @Qu{O" $ ù
X"pO":, @Qp @pu @{_X"S"o _"X"Y"u, @{O"p@Z_"z O"\" E"ZN"{S"N"uG "S"G"z E"ZN"b"pS"G"z
{\"pP"r {T"V"uY"X"o ? Y"O"o T"@w OY"p _\"W"p\"uS", X"t@pS"pX"{T" @{\"O"p@pZN"O"Y"p
@{\"O"puSX"u^"ùO"sO"Y"p \"pN"rX"sA"@X"O"pzV"tZ_"O"pz pR"f"u, _"Z_\"O"r\"QS"@X"O"pzV"tZpB""puW"pz @Zpu{O" $ O"pzV"tp@{O"_"Z_\"O"r\"QS"\"p{B\"p_""_"t{`Zr_"X"sSX"u^"ùO"s: Y"O"o
W"\"{O", O"O@Qp {T"V"uY"z, @P"Y"uOY"P": $ Y"{T" T"t\"| _O"SY"QpS"uS"p`z @wO"pP"pu G"pO":, {@SO"s
O"Qp X"X" _"SQ"S"pS"SO"Zz T"sS": _"SQ"S"z T"pTY" W"{W"p\"uS" T"N"XY" E"ZN"puQ@T"pS"z @Qp
W"p{\"? @P"Y"u{O" W"tO"W"p\Y"pZpu \Y"zBY": $ W"{W"p\"uS" T"N"XY" E"ZN"puQ@T"pS"z S"pW"tO"o $
R"sS"p T"pS"pW"p\"pO"o O"\" _\"T"z S" G"pS"rX": $$ 98 $$
400
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -98
Uzu
u UP. uu Ax vi
} Pzu skQ. Uvh n[Q uuP HPuu E Es
{ En i G H[SQ. (98)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
\"z T"pQY"puX"{`X"pS"z T"@J>YY" O"Ob"pS"G"X"p`pOXY"T"@J>S"T"t\"@z pOX"S":
T"pQp\"S"uG"S"G"T"pS"z Qu\Y"S"sB"`WY"z T"pP"Y"O"u - @Qu{O" $ ù X"pO":! W"G"S"\"O_"u! G"S"{S"!
{\"pP"r, {\"p: E"O"sQ " >pQ" E"O"s:^"{>\"p {\"p: $ P"\"p {\"pz c"pS"z, P"Y"O"u
Y"pE"O"u {O" {\"pP"r _"X"_O"\"uQ"pp{Q{\"pT"p{v M>X"p{W"p^"r c"pS"pP"r \"p `z
@{O"p@Z_"z, @{O"pu {X"{dO": @Z_": pb"pZ_": Y"{_X"S"o O"O"o, T"pQu {S"ZSO"Zz
pb"pZ"S"{\"Z`pW"p\"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ O"\" X"t@pS"pX"{T" X"sA"Zr@ZN"E"O"sZpY"p W"\"OY"p:
E"ZN"{S"N"uG "S"G"z, T"pQT"b"pS"puQ@z, @Qp @pu @{_X"S"o \"p @pu, _"\"v@ pSY"{@zY"f"Q:
{O" QpT"OY"Y": $ {T"V"uY"z T"p_Y"p{X" $ _"zT""u T"pP"S"pY"pz \"p {Do> $ @P"Y" \"Q $ @Qp \"p
W"\"Qp\"v: _"zO""u QrS"u S"sB"`z {\"R"pY" E"ZN"pv Q"{Y"^Y"{_" $ @Qp \"p pb"pZ_"pqO"pv T"pQpv
T"b"pY" Y"p\"@Z_"{X"{dO"z O"OT"Y": T"p_Y"p{X" $ Y"z X"S"puZP": @Qp {_"uO"o \"QuOY"P": $
O"SX"{`X"pS"X"p`-T"@w OY"u{O" $ Y""ZN"{S"N"uG "S"G"z T"@w OY"p _\"W"p\"uS"v\", X"t@pS"pz
@pe"Y"u&TY"{W"\"QS"p"pS"pX"{T" G"S"pS"pz, {@X"sO"pSY"u^"p{X"OY"P": $@{\"O"p@pZN"O"Y"p
@{\"O"pO"puOT"{f"ùO"sO"Y"p \"pN"rX"sA"@X"O"pXV"tZ_"O"pz _"Z_\"O"r\"QS"S"{S"_"z{_P"O"\"r{J>@p\"T"O\"z, pQf"u, W"G"O"u $ @p{Qp_"pQY": X"`p@\"Y": _"Z_\"O"rX"sA"@X"_P"O"pXV"tW"puG"S"uS" X"`p@\"Y"pu V"W"t\"sqZ{O" T"{_"{: $ W"\"OT"pQ{S"N"uG "S"T"pP"pu&{T"
T"pQp{G"O"pb"pZ_"pqO"O"Y"p W"pZO"rX"sA"@X"_P"\"rJ>rT"z _"O@{\"O"pùO"sZ\u " W"\"{O" $
O"OT"p...b": @Qp X"X" W"{\"^Y"O"r{O" W"p\": $ e" @Qp {T"V"uY"{X"{O" {E"SO"pAY"_Y"
W"p\"_Y"pu{T"{O"V"SR"pO"o T"Yu "pu&pZ: $ _" E" f"ZpR"{_P"O"\"pY"pP"Òu "s@@p\Y"{pS"sT"p{N"O":$ O"uS" Qu\"rT"pQT"pP"_": _"@{\"pS"vT"sNY"T"QO\"z \"_O"s \Y"GY"O" OY"pZuN"
\"_O"sR\"{S": $$98$$
Anv
(Ci |P |Pzn G 89x _Pzu Akzx Cu
_P.) EP u UP. Pu u, v
ua \ U PP. (98)
401
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
@Qp @p {O" $ ù X"pO":, O\"z @P"Y" @Qp @pu O"\" E"ZN"{S"N"uG "S"G"z {T"V"uY"X"o $ @Qp
X"Y"p T"p"\Y"z S"pX" ? O\"Y"p _"pb"pQu\"puf"Zz \"\Y"X"o $ `z Z_O\"z O"s _"@W"s\"S"W"O"wT "Qu
ZpG"_"u, _"Qp _"u\"X"pS"Qu\"Qu\"rB"N"p\"z E"ZN"@X"{X"{O" @wO\"p SpQY"pu Qu\"p
Qu\"pS"p"ZN"pv b"p{Y"O\"p {S"ZSO"Zz {S"Z"S"z {S"N"uG "S"G"z {T"V"{SO" $ X"X" \"@p"z @P"Y" $
{S"N"uG "S"G"z T"b"pS"G"X"o $ X"Y"p E"ZN"b"pS"z @Qp @O"s|s "Y"O"u ? O"Qv\"pB"OY" {T"V"uY"X"o $
@"pu&`z {\"pP"r {\"pY"p P"r O"p\"O"p ZO\"z {P"O\"z E" O"uS"p\"Y"@O\"X"o $ {@zb"N"z
G"z @{O"p@Z_"z @{O": @Z_"pu Y"uS" $ @ZE"ZN"b"pS"pO"o
@{O"p@Z_"z Z\"N"{X"OY"P": $ O"uS" {\"uEF>p T"R"pS"O"Y"pup $ {S"N"uG "S"G"uS" {\"p
@P"X"pY"p_Y"O"rOY"O" p` - T"@w OY"p X"t@pS"pX"{T" @{\"O"p@pZN"O"Y"p \"pBQu\"O"p\"QS"O"pXV"tZ_"O"pX"pR"f"u $ S"uQX"@Zz, {T"O"s \"pB"r"Zr\"QS"O"pzV"tZ_"pOX"@z W"\"{O" $
O"uS" O"OT"pS"uS" {S"Z{O""Y"\"p{B\"p_"puQY"pu W"{\"^Y"{O" {O" $ S"S"s O"{` {\"L>{""sqZOY"pQpv
X"Y"p T"t\"| _O"SY"X"u\" T"p{Y"O"z, O"uS" \"pB"{O""Y"pu G"pO" \"p_O"u $ T"sS""ZN"{S"N"uG "S"G" pB"`:
{O" $ _"OY"z X"pO"_O"Qp`z V"pW"p\"pu G"S"SY"p: T"W"p\"pX"G"pS"S"o G"S"SY"p QY"pz @wO\"p _O"SY"z
T"p{Y"O": $ O"uS" @wO"pP"O"X"pu G"pO" \" $ S"p{_X"S"o _"z"Y":$ T"Zz O"s QpS"rz G"S"S"rT"_"pQuS"
W"{W"p\"T"t\"@E"ZN"@X"{S"N"uG "S"G"X"pR"sZrX"S"sW"{\"O"sz X"S": _"X"rÒ"u $$ 98 $$
BuQ
GUS Gx viP } QhUS? |hPa \ !
uP u Au Chh SQ. GUS Gx
AP\? u Q ! Au US Qmix. G
A | . E Enu. } h mi. |
U\. C Uvh mk E vi A, Au }
C EnQ. (98)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
@Qu{O" $ ù X"pO": {e"W"s\"S"G"S"{S", `z @Qp @pu @{_X"S_"X"Y"u O"\" E"ZN"{S"N"uG "S"G"z
E"ZN"Y"pu: {S"N"uG "S"X"\"S"uG"S"z O"_Y" G"z O"{OT"V"uY"z T"p_Y"p{X" O"O@P"Y" {S"\"uQY" $ {@z{\"R"pu&`z
{\"pP"r {\"pS"pX"P"pu Y"_Y" _" O"P"p $ O"\"pS"uS" {S"N"uG "S"G"T"pS"uS"p_"p\"P": _"zW"\"O"rOY"P": $
O"Qu\" G"z {\"{"S"{> - {@zW"tO"z G"z, @{O"p@Z_"z @{O"pu&@Z_"pu Y"uS" O"f"P"p $
T"sS": T"@w OY"p _\"W"p\"O"pu X"t@pS"pz \"O"sX""pS"pX"{T" @{\"O"p@pZN"O"Y"p
402
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -98
_"pZ_\"O"ùO"sW"tO"Y"p, Y"{"N"uG "S"G"z \"pN"rX"pQf"u B"wp{O" $ {@z{\"R"pz \"pN"rz,

X"sA"@X"O"pXV"tZ_"S"pz X"sA"X"u\" @X"z O"{_X"S"o O"pXV"tX"Y"r Z_"S"p {G"p O"p{X"\" $ S"uY"z
\"pN"r Z_"S"v\"uOY"sOT"bu "p $ X"t@pS"pz Z_"S"pW"p\"pO"o _"ZpB"p \"pN"r W"\"O"rOY"P": $$ 98 $$
uzw
UP EP Eu. (98)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" W"\"pS"rE"ZN"@X"{S"N"uG "S"G"T"pS"z T"pP"Y"X"pS": E"ZN"{S"N"uG "S"G"z _O"pv{O" $
@Qu{O"$ ù X"pO"_O"\" E"ZN"{S"N"uG "S"G"z @Qp @pu {T"V"uY"X"o? $ @P"Y"uOY"S\"Y": $ T"sZpu\"{O"S"rz
W"\"pS"rz T"qZ@TY" T"wEF>{O" @P"Y"u{O" $ @QuOY"e" T"OY"Y"pP"pu {\"\"{b"O": $ Y"p @pu
_"z_"pZE"@T"\"O"@u X"`p@pu @Qp @{_X"S\"^"u @{_X"SX"p_"u @{_X"ST"b"u @{_X"{SQS"u \"uOY"P": $
W"\"pS"rE"ZN"{S"N"uG "S"G"z T"@w OY"p X"t@pS"pz \"pT"pJ>\"Z{Ò"pS"pX"{T" @{\"O"p@pZN"O"Y"p ùO"sS"p
\"pN"rX"sA"@X"-O"pXV"tZE"S"u\" \"pN"rX"sA"@X"O"pXV"tZE"S"pX"pR"f"u @Zpu{O" $ Y"p \"pNY"p
X"sA"@X" O"pXV"tZE"S"p \"pNprX"sA"@X"O"pXV"tZE"S"p O"pX"o $ Y"uS" E"ZN"{S"N"uG "S"-G"uS"
T"@w OY"p X"t@pS"pX"{T" X"sA"@X"z O"pXV"tz Y"P"p "puW"Y"{O" O"P"p \"pN"r "puW"Y"O"rOY"P": $ "puW"p
E"ZN""puX"p $ Z_"S"p{X"{O" T"pKu> _" \"pP": $$ 98 $$
uzu\vP
u UP. (98)
{L>[NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
@Qp @p {O" $ ù X"pO": {e"W"s\"S"G"S"{S", @P"Y" _"U: @Qp W"{\"^Y"p{X"? Y"Qp
Y"{_X"S"o @pu @{O"p@Z_"z @{O"z T"b"pS"\"upY"pz _"z@ pSO"z @Z_"_"pvW"pBY"z Y"_Y"
O"f"P"puz , O"\" E"ZN"{S"N"uG "S"G"z, {N"{G"Zo "spv {O" R"pO"pu: {S":T"t\"_Y" Y"sJ>o $ Y"s\"puZS"p@pv
OY"S"pQu"uS" {S"N"uG "S"X"o $ {S"N"uG "S"G"z @Qp {\"pP"r _"S"o {T"V"uY"X"o ? O"Qu\" G"z {\"{"S"{> $
T"@w OY"p X"t@pS"pz T"@w OY"p _\"W"p\"O" \" X"t@pS"pz \"O"sX""O"pS"pz @{\"O"p@pZN"O"Y"p
_"pZ_\"O"ùO"sW"tO"Y"p Y"OT"b"pS"G"z, \"pN"rX"sA"@X"O"pXV"tZ_"O"pz, \"pNY"p: _"Z_\"OY"p:
X"sA"@X""puN"\"N"S"pB"\"rQZ_"_"pY"z B"w`rO"X"o $ \"z A"s dtY"O"u - @p{Qp_"pQY":
@\"r"Zp: O"T"_"p _"SO"pu{^"O"pY"p: W"B"\"OY"p: _"Z_\"OY"p X"sA"O"pXV"tz W"sO\"p X"`p@\"Y"pu
G"pO"p {O" $ O"QP"_"tE"S"X"S"uS" pu@u S" @wO"X"o $$ 98 $$
E"ZNp{S"G"uS "X"o - vi Au
403
isi
u UP. (98)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
@Qp @p {O" $ ù X"pO":, @P"Y" {\"pP"rz _"S"o O"\" E"ZNp{S"N"uG "S"G"z
E"ZN"b"pS"G"z, @Qp @pu @{_X"S"o @pu {T"V"uY"X"o ? @"z, @{O": _"z@ pSO":
T"b"pS"\"upY"pX"@Z_": Y"{_X"S"o O"O"o, T"@w OY"p _\"W"p\"O" \", X"t@pS"pz \"O"sX""pS"pz,
@{\"O"pY"p: @p\Y"_Y" @pZN"O"Y"p ùO"sO"Y"p Y""z \"pNY"p: _"Z_\"OY"p: X"sA"@X"O"pzV"tZ_"O"pz
O"O_"pX"pQf"u B"wp{O" $ Y""z X"sA"@X"O"pzV"tZ_"O"pz \"QS"@X"O"pzV"tZpB"ppuW"pz pQf"u
@ZpuO"rOY"P": {O" @u{E"O"o $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - X"pO": @bX"rO": @{O"pu&@Z_"pu Y"e" O"{Q{O"
{S"N"uG "S"G"{\""u^"N"X"o $ @pvO"s@uS" bXY"p @Z_"pu Qf" OY"P": $ X"pO"pu bX"rO":
bXY"p Qf"z Y""z O"pzV"tZ_"O"pz \"pN"r pQf"u OY"S"uS"pS\"Y"pu \"p $ Y"Qp
_"p\"{\"W"{@_O"{_":, O"Qp X"pO"p bX"r: \"pN"rX"sA"@X"O"pXV"tZ_"O"pX"pQf" OY"P": $
Y"p X"p O" T"QEFuQ> : $ T"@w OY"p T"@w {O"T"Y"p W"\"pSY"p X"p _"` \"pN"r _"Z_\"O"r
X"sA"@X"O"pzV"tZ_"O"pz Y"_X"pQpQf"u, O"pu ùO"pu: @Qp @pu {T"V"uY"{X"OY"P": $$ 98 $$
Pu
u UP. qzv & SP q
viP |[Qh, Ax z } Pux. i
o Auz ua\P HQ. (98)
pS"SQ`Zr
@Qu{O" $ ù X"pO": @pu S" {\"O"u @p: _"z`pZpu Y"_Y"p_O"p{" {S"OY"u OY"P": $ O"uS"
@QuOY"S"uS" VR"O\"pO"o @pu OY"_Y" \"vY"PY"X"o$ @Qp @{_X"S@pu, `z {\"pP"r _"S"o, O"\"
E"ZN"Y"pu{S"N"uG"S"G"z T"b"pS"G"z {T"V"uY"X"o $ O"O@P"Y"$ @"z @{O": _"z@pSO"pu&@_Y"
Z_"pu Y"e" O"p"z Y""z @O"w, T"@w OY"p _\"W"p\"uS" X"t@pS"pz "VQpu"pZN"p_"X"P"pS"pz {T" @{\"O"pY"p:
@p\Y"_Y" @pZN"O"Y"p _"Z_\"OY"p X"sA"@X"O"pXV"tZ_"S"pz O"O_"pY"X"pQf"u B"wp{O" $ \"pN"r
@e"r Y"O"o G"z O"p"Z_"S"pX"pQf"u O"OT"pP"Y"O"rOY"P": OY"{T" @{"O"o $$ 98 $$
Bu
u UP. (98)
*
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -99
404
_"Z_\"OY"p bXY"p {\"{R"`qZ_"T""pu1 {\"`ZO"u

ZO"u: T"p{O"\"OY"z {"{P"Y"{O" ZXY"uN" \"T"s^"p $
{E"Zz G"r\""u\"2 b"{T"O"T""sT"pp\Y"{O"@Z:
T"ZpS"SQp{W"AY"z3 Z_"Y"{O" Z_"z O\"G"S"\"pS"o4 $$ 99 $$
z vz| 1 u
u: vz ]vv n >
] | 2 u _\vP:
|uU 3 v zz| 4 >> 99 >>
1. _"T"Y"p z 2. G"r\""u^" 3. T"ZV""p{W"AY"z U
O\"G"S"W"p@t
zz|U.
u & zz|, E k v & & z|: &

h h J mikP, z &
vh h, u & EP E. u:
vz
& ]vv & v Pz ua \Q.
u_\vP:& _ \ G { a \x, ] | &
}sk x Psh, |uUU v & u En
UQ.
_\], u G u |[P { .
bX"rR"Zp
_"Z_\"OY"p W"pZOY"p, bXY"p T"pY"Y"p, {\"{R"`qZ_"T"":- Y"P"p@X"{X"{O" "u^": $
_"Z_\"O"rT"{O"O\"uS" {\"R"u: V""N": _"T"": _"tY"p_T"QX"o, bX"rT"{O"O\"uS" `Zu:
_"tY"p_T"Q{X"OY"P": $ {\"`ZO"u {\"`ZX"pN":, ZO"u: @pX"X"{`^Y"p:, T"p{O"\"OY"z T"{O"\"O"pR"X"|
T"s^"pSO"Zp_"zT"@T"z, {"{P"Y"{O", X"SX"P"p@pZO"Y"p ZO"u: X"SX"P"W"p[SO"z G"S"Y"S"o _"zW"puB"uEF>pz
G"S"Y"O"r{O" W"p\": $ ZXY"uN" {O"_"sSQZuN", \"T"s^"p "ZrZuN" O"pQpOXY"V"su{O" Y"p\"O"o $ \"z
_"pQpAY"pY"p: @pY"p: T"p_"@_Y" u{`@UX"sO\"p pX"s{^X"@X"TY"p` - {E"Z"r\""u\"
{S"OY"G"r\"S"__"S"o $ _"p\"Y"\" \Y"_Y" {S"OY"O\"z T""sT"p"\Y"{O"@Zb"T"N"ùO"s@X"o $ e"
@u\"\Y"{O"Zu{@ S"sX"pS"z _"pR"S"O\"uS" T"Y"puGY"X"o - _"p\"Y"\"z Y"O"o b"{T"O"T""sT"pp\Y"{O"@Zz S"
W"\"{O", O"{"OY"z S" W"\"{O", Y"P"p T""p{Q, {O" G"r\"SX"s{{_"{: $ _"p\"Y"\"p: @{T"pQY":
T"ZpS"SQpS"sW"\": - u
405
X"p@NL>Yu "pQY"pu {S"OY"{_"p: O": S\"Y"\Y"{O"Zu{@ \"p W"\"O"s _"p\"Y"\"_Y" {S"OY"O"pY"pz

_"pR"S"X"o $ \"z {S"OY"G"r\"S"__"S"o b"{T"O"T""sT"p"\Y"{O"@Z: b"{T"O": {\"S">: T""sT"p"Y"pu:
\Y"{O"@Z: $ T""s: G"r\":, {SY"v: T"T""z T"Y"O"r{O" Y"p - T"" V"SR"S"u OY"_X"ppO"pu:
T""s: {\"pV"pu G"r\":, T"p": {\"p $$
O"" dtY"O"u - {Q{O": T"p"z T" X"sX"puO\"uO""X": T""sWY": T""sT"O"Y"u @Zpu{X" $$
_Y"pP":- {Q{O": p{QOY"X"NL>pSO"B"O"p V"vSQ\"r "{: $ T"p"z {\"p@wO"z V"SR"z
T"X"sX"puO"s T"@^"uN " OY"SO"z X"puE"Y"O"s $ O"O"o S"X": S"X"_@pZz T""sT"O"Y"u @Zpu{X" $ T""sWY" {O"
O"pQPY"u E"O"sP"r $ O"QP"O\"z {S"\"w{f":$ T""sO\"{S"\"wfY"P"X"o $ Y"X"P":- {Q{O": T""sT"{O"S"p
_"Qp{"\"uS" Y"sp T"p"{\"X"puE"S"z @Zpu{O\"{O" $ T""s"VQ_Y" G"r\"\"p{E"O\"z O"v{f"ZrY"@u
_"pvXY"@pNLu> O"u^"pX"_"sZpN"pX"o OY"S"s\"p@u O"u^"pX"_"sZpN"p{X"OY"pZXY" O"_X"pl: T""tS"pX"{R"T"{O": (O"v, _"z 6-1-3) OY"SO"uS" T"{O"T"p{QO"X"o $ O": T""sT"p"pv G"r\"p{\"u,
O"Y"pu\Y"{O"@Z: _"zV"SR":, _" E" b"{T"O": {\"Q{O"T""sT"p"_"zV"SR": $ _"Qp{"\"O"O\"pOX"S"p&\"{_P"O":, T"ZpS"SQp{W"AY"z T"ZpS"SQp{OX"@p {W"AY"p GY"pu{O"Y"_Y" _": O"z T"ZpS"SQp{W"AY"z
GY"puO"rT"z, Z_"Y"{O" p_\"pQY"{O", Z_"z _"sA"z, O\"G"S"\"pS"o O\": $ O"\" W"G"S"z _"u\"p $
e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù W"B"\"{O" ! O\"G"S"\"pS"o _"Z_\"OY"p bXY"p {\"{R"`qZ_"T""__"S"o {\"`ZO"u $ ZXY"uN" \"T"s^"p ZO"u: T"p{O"\"OY"z {"{P"Y"{O" $ b"{T"O"T""sT"p"\Y"{O"@Z:
{E"Z"r\""u\" T"ZpS"SQp{W"AY"z Z_"z Z_"Y"{O" $
e"uQX"S"s_"SR"uY"X"o - G"r\"SX"spS"pz {\"p{S"\"wf"p\"{T" @spE"@W"X"N"SY"pY"uS"
Qu`_"zV"SR": $ Y"P"puz ^"{>O"Se"u _""OY"pX"o - _"XY"Bc"pS"p{R"B"X"pX"pQrS"pX"@pZN"T"p"pv$
{O">{O" _"z_@pZ\""p"@W"X"\"QoR"wO""ZrZ: {O"$ O\"G"S"\"p{S"OY"e" {{\"R"z W"G"S"z ^"JoE> "@_"u\"pOX"@z R"pZN"pOX"@z E" $ pz {S"TY"O"u - pR"pZ_\"p{R">pS"u O"p{X"pu@O\"pO"o
S"puT"p_Y"u $ X"{N"T"tZT"W"w{O"_"`@X"T"Y"SO"z T"" E"@p{N" T"tGY"pS"r{O" $ O"e"
X"{N"T"tZ@T"tG"pT"ZpN"pz _"p{> T"p X"s{:$ _"p{S> "pX" Qu\Y"p: T"sZ_"X"rT"u T"sZpSO"Zz {S"X"pY" _"u\"pz
@s\"pN"_Y" \"{_P"{O": $ _"z{\"O@X"T"tG"pZO"pS"pz _"ppuY"X"s{:$ _"ppuY"z S"pX" - Qu\Y"p:
T">N"u {S"\"p_": $ {\""s{E"@puT"p_"@pS"pz _"pX"rTY"X"s{: $ _"pX"rTY"z S"pX" _"u\"@O\"X"o $
pc"pE"@puT"p_"@pS"pz _"pTY"X"s{: $ _"pTY"z S"pX" _"X"pS"T"O\"X"o$ T"wP"BQu`R"pqZO\"uS"u{O"
_"pY"sGY"puQ: $ O"O"o E"O"s{\"R"z B"pvN"z V"pQl:A"p{O"\"{O"O\"X"pe"pO"o X"s{qZ{O" \Y"T"{QY"O"u $
T"Zz O"s _"pY"sGY"p{OX"@v\" "p"O"r X"s{: _"`@X"puT"p_"@pS"pX"u\"u{O" $ O" \"
406
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -99
-73
T"ZpS"SQp{W"AY"z Z_"z Y"P"pY"puBY"z O\"G"S"\"pS"o Z_"Y"{O" {O"$ e"uQz X"O"O"f\"X"o ^"Jo@> X"W"uQX"O"u _"sA"_\"T"v\" X"s{: $ _"sA"z O"s pv{@@>pSO"uS" r_"zW"puB"pOX"@X"u\" $
pu@&u {T" r_"zX"uS"pO"o T"Zz _"sA"z S"p{_O" $ \"X"OY"SO"Ql:A"puEFuQ> pS"SO"Zz _"pY"sGY"_"z{_"pv
{"\""{_"zT"sJp> SO"W"p\"pO"o O"Qp{OX"@v\" X"s{qZ{O" $$
O"QY"X"e" {S"^@^": -T"t\"| X"tpR"pZp{Q^"JoE> "@pN"pz {e"@puN"p>@puN"Q"pZ{O"Y"X"S\"d{"\"E"@pOX"S"p O"pQpOXY"z T"{O"T"p{QO"X"o $ O"Qu\" S"pQ{V"SpuZu Y"X"o $ O"P"p {` - S"pQpu S"pX"
drE"@X"o $ {V"SQlS"pX" ^"Jo@> X"B"`S"z \"bY"O"u $ O"Y"puZv Y"z S"pX"- pR"pZE"@z E"O"sQ
,z
O"O@{N"@p {e"@puN"p{OX"@p, _\"p{R">pS"z ^"LoQ> z, O"O@{N"@p >@puNpp{OX"@p, X"{N"T"tZz
Q"Qz T"z, O"O@{N"@p Q"@puN"p{OX"@p, S"pÒ"z pQ"Qz, O"O@{N"@p
{O"rY"Q"@puN"p{OX"@v\", {\""s{E"@z ^"puL> "Qz, O"O@{N"@p E"O"sQ "@puN"p{OX"@p,
O"p\"OT"Y"SO"z "{E"@v Y"X"o $ pc"pE"@z {Qz, >@puN"X"u@e" ^"puL> "@puN"X"T"Ze"u{O"
{R"p {W""p @{N"@p $
Y"z W"p\":- {R"p {W""z E"O"sZdT"@w {O"@z {"\"E"@E"O"sY> "pOX"@z pR"pZ_\"p{R">pS"pOX"@z E"u{O" T"T"{"O"X"o $ \"wf"e"Y"z _\"p{R">pS"pSO"u @z \"wf"z B"SPY"pOX"@z, S"pÒ"pSO"u
@z {\"^N"sB"SPY"pOX"@z, pc"pE"@pSO"u @z V""B"SPY"pOX"@X"o $ O"O" T"qZ E"O"spZpuT"uO"z
W"tT"sZ{e"O"Y"z pZu^"s E"O"s^"s _"puT"pS"Y"sX"o $ O"" _"`Q@{N"@p $ O"_Y" @X"_Y" Qp{S"
_"`X"o $ V"vSQ\"_P"pS"z E"O"spZpuT"uO"z @{N"@pX"RY"u $ \"z T"p_"pQSY"pY"uS" drE"@_Y" @X"pS"pz
E"vY"X"S"s_"SR"uY"X"o $ O"" S"pQ{V"SvY"z B"sO"X"z {"^Y"pS"sB"`pO"o T"{Q>X"o $
{_X"S"o ^"JoE> "@u T""p"O@pS"pX"SO"W"p\": @{P"O": $ E"SA"NLu> _\"Zp:, _"tY"A"NLu>
_T""p:, {"A"NLu> SO":_P"p: ^X"pN"" `@pZ\"{G"O"p:, `@pZa@pZpv V"vSQ\"u,
b"@pZ__"\"e"u{O" _"{\"e"r{W": (pu.17) {O" pu@u S" T"pB"u\" T"{O"T"p{QO"X"o $
X"tpR"pZp{QQu^"s @pS"pz SO"W"p\": T"{O"T"p{QO": $ @pS"pz {O"PY"pOX"@O\"z, {S"OY"pS"pz
@pOX"@O\"z, @pS"pz X"tX"Se"B"O"T""Q"pb"ZpOX"@O\"z, T""Q"pb"ZpN"pz, {e"A"NL>O\"z,
{e"A"NL>_Y" _"puX"_"tY"pS"pOX"@O\"z, _"puX"_"tY"pS"pS"pz B"{SP"e"Y"pOX"@O\"z, B"{SP"e"Y"_Y"
X"Se"B"O"rpZe"Y"pOX"@O\"z,
`rpZ_Y"
W"s\"S"u"ZrX"Se"O\"z,
W"s\"S"u"ZrX"Se"_Y"
X"tX"Se"pSO"B"O"O\"z X"tX"Se"_Y" E"@u N"vY"z, O""@S"\"@_Y" X"tpR"pZp{Q^"JoE> "@u ^"s
V""B"SPY"p{Q{e"@u&{T" _"`pZ@X"@{N"@pQpv O"pQpOXY"X"o $ O"Qu\" @pS"pQY"puZv Y"z S"pX"$
Y"X"e" {S"^@^":- S"pQuS" {V"SQpuZv Y"z, {V"SQlS"p @pY"p: uY"z, @pY"p" S"pQuS"vY"z, \"z
T"ZpS"SQpS"sW"\": -
407
{e"O"Y"z, @Y"p {V"SQpuZv Y"z, @Y"p S"pQ_Y"vY"z, dr{\"Y"p T""@_Y"vY"{X"{O"

^"Lo{> \"R"O\"X"vY"_Y"u{O" T"ZX"Z`_Y"z B"sT"Qu"\""pO"o c"uY"X"o $ \"z ^"puMv Y"z W"B"\"OY"p__"T"Y"u{ O"
_"XY"B"sT"\"{N"O"X"o $ ^"puM>v Y"pS"s_"SR"pS"pS"SO"Zz Q"W"sG"p W"B"\"O"r dr{\"p X"{N"T"tZu T"OY"b"z
T"qZY"X"pS"p _"T"Y"Y"p _"{"R"uY"u{O" uY"pS"s_"SR"pS"X"u\" _"T"Y"u{ O" \"QO"pu X"X"p"Y" {O"
{\"c"uY"X"o $
R"sS"p {V"SQl_\"T"z T"T"Y"O"u $ {V"SQlqZ{O" X"tpR"pZp{QE"@^"Jo@> X"o $ {V"SQl:
G"B"QlOT"{f"Y"ùO"s: {"\"_Y" "{{\""u^": $ _" E" @ \" _"`@X"pSO"B"O"E"O"spZpOX"@@{N"@pX"RY"B"O"E"O"s^@puN"pOX"@z "{O"f\"X"o $ O"SX"RY"B"O"{"\"O"f\"z S"pQ OY"sEY"O"u $ _"
E"O"s{\"R" {O" T"pBpu\"puX"o $ W"Y"pu"{{"\"Y"pu: "VQpP"T"O\"pO"o @pOX"@O\"z
W"Y"_"pR"pZN"X"o $ O"" X"uS"z S"pQ{V"SQl@pO"rO"{X"{O" _"X"Y"X"O"Z`_Y"X"o $ _" E" {V"SQl:
Q"R"p {W"O"u $ Y"P"puX"o - Q"R"p {W"O"u {V"SQl: @ \" T"ZpOX"@: $ E"O"sR"p&&R"pZ@X"u
^"puMp> &{R">pS"-T"G"u $$ W"Y"p@pZT"O\"pO"o O"Zu^"pz O"QpOX"O"p$ {O" $ _Y"pP":- @ \"
{V"SQl: X"tpR"pZ@X"B"O"E"O"sQ
û "s E"O"sR"p, _\"p{R">pS"T"B"O"^"LoQ> u^"s ^"puMp> , \"z Q"R"p
{W"O"u $
Y"z W"p\":- X"tpR"pZz E"O"s^T"e"z _"Z{_"G"z, _\"p{R">pS"z ^"LoQ> z, X"{N"T"tZz Q"Qz,
S"pÒ"z T"z pQ"Qz, {\""s{T"z ^"puL> "Qz, pc"pE"@z {Q{X"{O" _"\"Y"puB""p{_"X"o $ e" pR"pZT"_Y" QE"O"sY> "z {V"SQlE"O"sY> "pOX"@X"o $ O"u E" {V"SQ\"pu
X"S"puV"s`pZ{E"f"pAY"p: T"@w OY"pOX"@p: G"B"{"X"pN"ùO"\" {O" _"\"Y"puB""p{_"X"o $
_\"p{R">pS"T"B"O"^"LoQ> pS"pz @pX"@puR"puW"X"pu`X"QX"pO_"Y"pOX"@p: ^"Lo{> V"SQ\": $ O" \"
O"u _"z{O"{V"SQ\" OY"p`l: $ O"Qlz W"B"\"O"p T"O""{S"p- _\"p{R">pS"u _"z`pZ: ^"Lo{> V"SQl@w O":
{O" $ \"z Q" {V"SQ\": @X"Y"QpOX"@p: $
X"{N"T"tZz X"tpR"pZ_\"p{R">pS"pOX"@{X"{O" @wO\"p Q"QX"o $ S"pÒ"E"@u X"{N"T"tZT"@w {O"@z Q"Qz, T"t\"@X"Y"T"@w {O"@z QY"z pQ"Qz S"pÒ"T"X"o $ {\""s{T"z O"s
S"pÒ"E"@T"@w {O"@z pQ"QX"o, pR"pZT"@w {O"@z E"O"sQ
,z \"z ^"puL> "QX"o $ O"P"p
X"{N"T"tZT"@w {O"@z Q"Qz _\"p{R">pS"T"@w {O"@z ^"LoQ> {X"{O" ^"puL> "QX"o $ pc"pE"@z O"s
pR"pZ_\"p{R">pS"pOX"@{X"{O" {QX"o $ \"z X"{N"T"tZT"W"w{O" pc"pSO"p{S" E"O\"pqZ @X"p{S"
X"tpR"pZ_\"p{R">pS"T"@w {O"@p{S" $ O" \" X"tpR"pZ{@u f"Z@X"E"O"s^@X"SO"W"tO "{X"{O"
@_Y"v\" {V"SQpu: Q"R"pO\"z S"pSY"P"u{O" {_"X"o $$
408
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -99
Y"{T" @pvpS"pz {@pS"s_"SR"pS"pO"o ^"Jo@> X"pS"s_"SR"pS"Uz _"uO_Y"{O", O"P"p{T"

^"Lo{> \"R"vY"pS"s_"SR"pS"pW"p\"pO"o @sX"pB" \"u{O" S" Qu\Y"p X"{N"T"tZu _"p{"RY"z,
T""{\"R"X"s{Y"sOY"W"p\"", S"pQ{V"SQl@pO"rO"O\"X"T_"zW"p\Y"X"u\" @pvX"O"u {O" $ _"X"{Y"S"pz
O"s @pY"W"tO"E"O"s^@pS"s_"SR"pS"pQu\" @pZN"W"tO"@X"Y"pS"s_"SR"pS"Uz _"uO_Y"O"r{O" $ O" \"
T""{\"R"_"pXY"{_"pv _"X"Y"_"X"{Y"W"p\": T"OY"b"z T"qZY"O"u _"X"Y"_"X"{Y"S"pu: _"u\"@pS"p{X"{O"
W"B"\"OT"pQX"O"O"f\"X"o $$
\" W"G"S""VQpP"| T"{O"T"p T"@pZpSO"ZuN" W"G"S""VQpP"pu {S"TY"O"u - Y"Qp`l:
W"B"\"OT"pQp: R"pZN"pT"qZc"pS"pSX"s{: {O" $ _Y"pP":- R"pZN"p: ^"oY> "sf"Z{e""O"_"p@p: $ R"pZN"p S"pX" \"pY"pu: @X"u^"s S"pQ@pWY"pz {S"ZpuR": $ _" E" ^"Jo@> X"u^"s ^"puMp>
_""X"u @X"u _"X"Y""VQp{W"TY"uS" _"pR"| _""{\"R": $ @v@{_X"S"o @X"u T""p"{Q{O"
^"oY> "sf"Z{e""O"z R"pZN"p:$ O"p" T"wP"@o S"pQ{V"SQl@p{W"__"pR"| X"uS"T"@pZvZS"SO"p R"pZN"p
B"sT"Qu"\""pQ\"B"SO"\Y"p:$ R"pZN"pS"pz Uz pR"pZp{QE"@^"Jo@> u Y"P"p@X"z X"{O"_X"w{O"V"s{T"c"pX"uR"pT"{O"W"p_"z{\"mT"z {Qpe"z Q{"O"X"o $ {R"@z O"s _"sW"B"puQY"u E"ZN"pB"X"u E" _"T"T""z V"`lR"p
T"{O"T"p{QO"z O"O" \"p\"R"pY"| B"SP"{\"_O"ZW"Y"p"puT"\"{N"O"{X"ù{O" $
O" \" @p{aQp_"W"B"\"OT"pQv: @s_"X"Y"X"O"W"uQT"{O"T"pQ@pu@u S" _"@G"S"S"r_O"pue"u
@{P"O"X"o $ Y"P"p - E"O"s^T"e"pSO"^^"LoQ> T"sJW> "B"pSO"{\"Y"_UsZ{s{sX"{N"{S"Y"sO"pW"s{O"O"u $ ^"L>dz {W"O\"p&&Qpv Q"QX"P" pQ"Qz @pdz E" dz B"O"\"{O" S"X"_O"u
{B"qZ_"sO"u $$ _Y"pP":- E"O"s^T"e"z pR"pZ@X"z SO": SO"{__P"O"z SO"W"tO "{X"OY"P":,
Y"{_X"S"o O"O"o _\"p{R">pS"{X"{O" V"`l\"r{`:, S" O"s O"OT"s^":, f"Z_Y" T"t\"{_X""SO"W"p\"pY"puB"pO"o $ ^"L>dz {W"f\"p&&Qpv OY"sf"Z\"pY"pS"S\"Y"p" V"`l\"r{`Zu\" $ E"O"s^T"e"pSO""
O"O"o $ ^"LoQ> z _\"p{R">pS"z E" E"O"s^T"e"pSO"^^"LoQ> X"o $ O"_Y" T"sJW> "B"p: T"sJp> OX"@p:
_"zT"sJp> OX"@p: O"OT"@w {O"@p {O" Y"p\"O"o, O"u E" O"u W"B"p: {e"@puN"p{S" $ X"{N"T"tZT"W"w{O"
E"O"s"@_Y" X"tpR"pZT"@w {O"@O\"_Y"puO\"pO"o $ O"u^"pz {e"@puN"pOX"@O\"z {e"@puN"u V"vSQ\"z {z>
>pZu&>QpXV"sG"X"o OY"e" _"XY"@o {S"NprO"X"o $ T"sJW> "BppS"pz SO": X"RY"u $ {e"\"Y"z
Bp[SP"e"Y"z,
_\"p{R">pS"pS"pÒ"pc"pSO"u^"s
{"_"tY"E"SpOX"@B"{SP"{\"^N"sB"{SP"V""B"{SP"T"Y"pY"O\"uS" {_P"O"{X"OY"P": $ O"e" _UsZO"o _UsZSO"r $ {Y"p: T"s\z "p{^"O"T"s_z @pQS"tD>o
_"X"pS"p{R"@ZN"u OY"p{QS"p T"s\z "p\": $ {\"sO": _"pvQp{X"SY"p: \"u: "u: sX"N"u:_"tY"_Y" $
{S"Y"sO""VQ: B"pNpuY"pz _"pz b"Y"{O" $ O"_Y"u\"pW"p Y"_Y"p__"p, _"p E" _"p s{O"O"p,
409
{S"OY"p O"{J>r {_P"Z_"pvQp{X"S"r{O" Y"p\"O"o $ O"_Y"p: _"XV"s{: $ pc"pE"@pSO"u

V""B"{SP"W"uQS"_"X"Y"u {\"s{"Y"sO"pW"p, _\"p{R">pS"pSO"u B"{SP"W"uQS"_"X"Y"u \"{{S"Y"sO"pW"p,
S"pÒ"E"@pSO"u {\"^N"sB"{SP"W"uQ_"X"Y"u sX"{N"{S"Y"sO"pW"p {O" {\"\"u@: $ ^"L>dz X"tpR"pZB"{W"O"z
_\"p{R">pS"z pQpv {W"f\"p P" O"QS"SO"Zz Q"Qz X"{N"T"tZz {W"f\"p pQ"Qz S"pÒ"E"@z
{W"f\"p @pdz {\""s{E"@z {W"f\"p dz pc"pE"@z {W"f\"p B"O"\"{O" _"`@X"{X"{O"
"u^": $ ù {B"qZ_"sO"u ! {`X"pE"O"S"Y"u ! O"u S"X": $$
e" E"O"s^T"e"z X"tpR"pZz _\"p{R">pS"u SO"W"tO "z @pvp: T"p_"O" {O" T"pB"u\"
T"{O"T"p{QO"X"o$ _"X"{Y"S"_O"s _\"p{R">pS"z {W"f\"p X"{N"T"tZz T"{\">pY"p: Qu\Y"p: T"p_"S"z
@s\"SO"r{O" _"X"Y"X"O"O"f\"z E" T"{O"T"p{QO"X"o $ e"uQX"sT"Zz - ^"Jo@> X"u^"s X"S":^">z W"tO"T""@z
O"pQpOXY"uS"p\"{O">O"u $ O"" {T"NL>V""pNL>Y"puZv Y"pS"s_"SR"pS"X"{`X"np ^"Jo@> X"pS"s_"SR"pS"X"{`X"np T""{\"R"_"pXY"pS"s_"SR"pS"X"{`X"np ^"Lo{> \"R"vY"pS"s_"SR"pS"X"{`X"np {T"NL>pNLz> V""pNL>\"Q\"W"p_"O" {O" _"\"Y"puB""pZ`_Y"X"o $ O" \" Y"pu{B"S"p E"O"s{\"R"vY"pS"s_"SR"pS"z
@O"\Y"X"u\" $ O"P"p E" dtY"O"u - {T"NL>V""pNL>Y"puZv Y"z {_"te"pOX"S"puZ{T" $ _\"pT"p\Y"p@wO"Y"puZvY"z b"ue"c"-T"ZX"pOX"S"pu: $ Y"X"P": $ {T"NL>pNL>V""pNL>Y"puZv Y"z c"pO"\Y"X"o $ O"QS"SO"Zz
{pOX"-_"te"pOX"S"puZv Y"z \"B"SO"\Y"X"o $ {pOX"p {"ZrZz @pQ"u{SY"B"N":
O"SX"pe"pT""@z ^"puL> "@z {"ZrZX"o $ _"te"pOX"p V""pNL>p\"{EF>"pu \"pY"s: {"ZrZ_Y"
{E"Zp{Q-X"pB"T"pT"@: $ O"Y"puZv Y"X"\"B"SO"\Y"X"o$_\"pT"p\Y"p@wO"Y"pu:- _\"pT": _"s^"sY"\"_P"pT"": _"pb"r T"pc": \Y"p@wO": {\"p"V"{O"z V"" O"Y"puZv Y"X"o, b"ue"c": G"r\":, T"ZX"pOX"p
V""_\"T"z O"Y"puZv Y"z c"pO"\Y"X"o $ \"z _"zT"QpY"Z`_Y"_"zb"uT": $ {\"_O"Z_O"s _"sW"B"puQY"u "pZrZ@u
c"pO"\Y": $ {_X"S"o pu@u _"pvSQY"`Y"p| Y"p\"OT"X"uY"G"pO"z _"X"Y"{_"pSO"Z`_Y"O\"uS" @pv{_"pSO"Z`_Y"O\"uS" E" T"{O"T"p{QO"X"_X"p{W": _"zb"uT"O":, O"O_"\"| _"tbX""p X"`pOX"{W"ZS"s_"SR"uY"{X"{O" _"\"X"S"\"X"o $$ 99 $$
u &
v vu AUS,
vu q AUS ChP Ezxh
P, v P u u AP SP, u
u G P ku }sh Bh _ & \ {P AP
UuP P Psh {z { & A {P
uzu E k Q. (_ & Az Pmhmh
. \ & Az G P.)
410
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -99
Avv G uu _v u]h Cnx, Az

Esh \UPmix kUPmk G u skQx. Avv &
Bvzshzv x \Uv. z u _v. _ & , \ Az
G Pmk. u]uzx{hu _{ }[SQx. \ SQx.
u v A AUQ.
UuUS Az }[Q S \Ua _ Eh
uh }iUQx. m\U, un G CP [P Esk.
CP u & vh k x. oPzvx
5 \U[P hzuUP. o\UQ mi
u |Pzv AP uUPz u Ch k. i
G Uv Cx. zP U Uv. u mhnzv
U. _zv \U E . AqUPzushP
AQ {P. Bb\Uzv EUP & Au i x.
u E Cu zvx Cu k. Cx Uv.
zx C vUPx. zv E
. u . ] & \Uv hzv C Ah[SQ.
|u Gx \U. Cv u u B \U[P
Ah[SQ. x Gx BP[P Pk. |u x Cnx
. Bu \U |S u. Au |k vPn. vh
Bu. Au PoP AhPn. o zx uz. Au
PoP u\Pn. A|u 12 u. Au PoP u\Pn, _zv
16 u. Av 14 Pn. Cx \Uv \U Cn. Bb 2u. PoP
Csi 8&16 Pn[P.
\xazu PU Psh |S ]\U[P. u
vh G J uS. mh[P J.
vhzv zUv. A|uzv J qUv.
Bb \Uzv J mh UQv. Au |S
x[P , |S x[P iP. Au B
u[P . Au |k x, PoP |k |S
x[Ph \U B P[P. C CnQ. Cx
Avx.
m\Uzv 50 PP CnQ. \vPshzv EzxUP.
Pshzv P&. AU Pshzv \, &, x P
Ghzv (a.17). PP vvi, {zP Pi.
PP g\u\ 15 Gzx i. 15 GzxUP Psh[P.
A \v & & AU i[P. \v AUP QvP.
QvP [P i. [P a vS.
a vzvh[S. v \Uzvh[S. Av E 9
\U[P u u B \U[P QvPS. C
Azx zv Ah[S. Cx P & |u uzxzv IU Gk.
411
Cu i & |uxUP, xPP, P & |u[P, Ch

IUS. zh Cu Iv IU. Cu IUu
u . Cu IUuzu, u zx PP EP,
oPzv | u\ ux mh H.
x Gx u u B \U[P. x EP u U
Pn ] J \Uv. B uzu |S x[P Au
PoP |k |S Pn[P \Uv uz. Au |k ]uz
|u Gk. \Uv ] \ P. Cu ]\Uv
Cn |ux Pwu G u T. Au x zuP Qx.
uzv |S Pu[P |PP, vh u[P BP &
zx. Buzzv |S u[P & , zv, A[P, ]zu G.
vhzv 6 u[P & P Su , u,
z G. C xUP. BP C P[P 10 u[P 10
xUP.
o uvh \Uuu 10 u[P.
A|uzv oPzv 10 u[P u vhzv
\UvP C u[P 12 u[P. _zv A|uzv 12
u[P uzv |S u[P 16 u[P. oPzv 10
u[P vhzv B u[P 16 u[P. Bb \U
u vhP C u[P. Cu oP u
Bb |S uvh[P. Au J x
zuQx.
u u B \U[P g\u[P Ch
Cnx AuP BQ. BP shzu
shzu J {uP , B \U Au, Ix
u { Au (36& 41a) G P shsh
shu
En.
v
Cv[P
Ix
uzvP [P\. shzua ù n \Uv zz.
Csi IU Ensk. yUPzv EnQ Bz
b. AQu Bz & Az _ .
Csi IU En sk. zb z & z
CP IU En sk. Cx u. (|
SPPz uxPsk Au Q
Ensix. \ Gzu UP Cux.) (99)
_"pvW"pB\"R"S"r
`Z_Y" O\"p[SO"z G"S"Y"O" {O" W"p\"S"Y"p _"t{E"O"z _"pTY"X"R"sS"p {\"\"uE"Y"{O"
_"Z_\"OY"u{O"$
_"Z_\"OY"p
S"\"ZO"_"X"sSX"r{O"B"T"p{Q_"t{{\"p_"_"X"s"O"{\"Y"p,
412
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -99
bXY"p {S"T"X"_"zT"Qlp_"_"X"sQWo "tO"{\"{\"R"{\"W"X"uN" E" {\"{R"`qZ_"T"": V""{\"^N"sT"{O"_T"R"r, ZXY"uN" \"T"s^"p ZO"u: T"p{O"\"OY"z {"{P"Y"{O" $ O"{E"pZY"{O" - Y"X"u\" @pX":
@P"z S" G"pO" {O" $ {E"Zz G"r\""u\" {E"Z"r\"r _""u\" b"{T"O"T""sT"p"\Y"{O"@Z: QmZr@wO":
T""sT"p":, T""\" \" T""\":, S"p{Q{_"p{\"p{O"{X"ZpSR"p:, O"u^"pz T"p": T"sS":
_"z_"pZQl:A"z _"z_"pZV"SR": G"SX"X"X"ZN"p{QQl:A"_"SO"pS"V"SR"ùO"sY": _"z_"pZT"p": O"_Y"
\Y"{O"@Z; _"zT"@: G"r\"SX"s OY"P":$ T"ZV""p{W"AY"z V""pS"SQO"s{SQ_"pvW"pBY"z Z_"Y"{O"
p_\"pQY"{O" S"sW"\"O"rOY"P": $ O\"G"S"\"pS"o $$ 99 $$
Uzu
(zuy Gzuh[SQ 101x _PzvS Cu
_P Ci, E E v U\Uv
\a \, P AP S
qS vUS Ch A. }sh Bh z
uh UuP uUQ. (99)
N"pX"pu{QS"r
P" Qu\Y"sT"p_"@pS"pz \"pNY"psT"p_"@uWY":, E"O"s{\"R"T"s^"pP"{_"{z @P"Y""p`
_"Z_\"OY"p {O" $ ù Qu{\" $ O"\" W"\"OY"p:, W"G"S"X"_Y"p_O"r{O" O\"G"S"\"pS"o, W"\"
T"p_"@:, O"Q_OY"{_X"{"{O" X"O"sT"o $ H"Y": {O" C"O\"X"o $ {\"{R"`qZ_"T"":, {\"{R":
\"pN"rT"{O": V""p W"\"GGY"uT> "se":, `qZbX"rT"{O": {\"^N"s{O"rY"T"se":, O"Y"pu: _"T"": "e"s:,
O"O_"": _"{"{O" Y"p\"O"o $ _"Z_\"OY"p \"pNY"p, O"P"p bXY"p ZX"Y"p E", {\"`Z{O" @L>{O" $
{\"{R"`qZ_"X"pS"v"Y"X"\"pTY" T"se"\"O_"pW"\"QS"sB"`pO"o O""pY"pWY"pz O"O_"X"pS"z {\"`pZz p\"p_"z
T"p": _"S"o \"pN"rT"{O"bX"rT"{O": OY"u\" \Y"\"{Y"O" OY"P": $ \"z _"Z_\"O"rT"{O"O\"uS" {\"R"u:,
bX"rT"{O"O\"uS" `Zu" _"tY"p_T"Qz W"\"{O" {O" bX"rR"Z: $ S" @u\"X"u\"z _"zT"O_"pZ_\"O"Y"puZu\"p\"p{": $ {T" O"s {e"pu@_"pvSQY"X"TY"\"pT"npOu "rOY"p` - ZO"uqZ{O" $ ZXY"uN"p{O"_"pvSQY"uN "
\"T"s^"p Qu`Su ", ZO"u: X"QS"{T"Y"pY"p: e"vpuY"X"pu`@_"pvSQY"\"OY"p: O"p"T"{O"X"OY"p"u{O"
R\"{S": $ T"p{O"\"OY"z T"{O"\"O"pW"p\"z, @W"O"wS "vY"OY"z {"{P"Y"{O" QmZr@ZpuO"rOY"P": $ X"SX"P"pQTY"{O"_"sSQZO"Y"p Z{O"Qu\Y"p: _"zW"puB"uEFpX"pOX"{S" G"S"Y"S"o O"OT"p{O"\"OY"`p{S"z @ZpuO"rOY"P": $
X"QS"pQTY"{O"_"sSQZpu W"\"O"r{O" O"pOT"Y"pP": $$
\"z _"pZ_\"O"X"`Qv"Y"Qù _"pvSQY"T"pX"v{`@Up\"p{"X"sO\"p pX"s{^X"@UT"p{"X"p`{E"Z{X"{O" - {E"Zz V"`l@pz, G"r\""u\", T"pN"R"pZN"z @s\""u\", QrC"pY"s^Y"O"pz T"p": _""u\",
413
O"p\"OT"Y"SO"z _"Z_\"O"rbX"r_"p{ÒY"X"\"p": _""u\"uOY"P": $ X"`Qv"Y"p{Q_"p\"u&{T",

QrpY"s^X"f"pW"p\"u _"\"X"{T" {S"Ûz W"\"u{Q{O" Qu\"rW"pS"pz O"O_"zT"{f"qZOY"sp $ b"{T"O":
T"b"Y"r@wO":, T"Y"{O" {SY"v: T"T""{X"{O", T"Y"O"u V"RY"O"u @X"T"ppvqZ{O" \"p T"psG"r\": $
O"_Y" T"ppz O"O_"zV"[SR"S"rX"{\"pz, Y"Qp T""\"pu c"pS"Ql{\"QBR"p:, S"p{_O" T"Zpu@: S"p{_O"
{\"u{O" \"p{QS":, @u\"X"v{`@_"sA"X"u\" X"pSY"O"Zz X"SY"X"pS"p:, T"p"p S"pX" V"SR"ùO"\":,
C"wN"p "z@p W"Y"z "p G"sB"sT_"p E"v\" T""X"r $ @sz G"p{O"" "rz E" >pv T"p"p:
T"@{O"O"p: $$ O"v: T"p"v: {\"Z{Ò"pu {S"{\"@pZpu {G"O"u{SY": $ {\""\Y"p{"z X"`pc"pS"z @X"uN"
T"s^"pu&S"sO"u $$ {O" \"E"S"pup: T"p"p: $ T""\"" T"p"p" T""sT"p"p:, O"Y"pu: O"u^"pz E"
\Y"{O"@Z: _"zT"@pu Y"uS" _": $ T""sT"p"{\"EFuQ> pZp T""sT"{O"z T"p": _"{"OY"P": $ T"ZpS"SQ:,
X"pS"s^"pS"SQ{S"Y"X"X"pZWY" _" @pu V""N" pS"SQ: OY"sp-S"SQpQSY"_Y"pW"p\"pO"o O"p"
OY"{W"AY"p S"pX" Y"_Y" O"z, Z_"z, Z_"pv \"v _": $ Z_"z u\"pY"z VR\"p&&S"SQrW"\"{O" {O"
ds{O"T"{O"T"pV""pS"SQ{X"OY"P": $ Z_"Y"OY"ppQY"{O" W"\"G"S"uS" M>O"ZX"{\"pV"SR"z {F>O\"p
X"pub"W"pB"{T" W"\"O"r{O" W"p\": $ e" W"B"\"OY"sT"p_"S"pY"p: _"\"u Q> pO"wO\"z T"P"X"O"
\"puT"V"w{z Ò"X"_X"p{W"qZOY"sT"ZXY"O"u $ Y"P"p E" _"@Qu\"O"pZpRY"p W"\"O"r _"\"Q\u "O"pWY":
{R"@p, Y"P"p E" W"\"OT"{O"T"p{Q@p {\"p `p{Q@p{QT"uN" _"@T"T""puOT"{f"X"pO"w@p
_"\"X"Se"G"ppuO@J>p, O"P"p W"\"p {T" _"X"_O"vB"sN "v: V""p{QWY"pu&{T" _"\"puO @J>p
W"\"SO"r{O" _"SQW"pP": $$
Anv
E k pvP vP B. uh
AP. }sh B . P\zu Pmhmh P & _P,
Az, A, I, , mP, |n, S, v, |h
G \[P Pmkh, _v A \ }[Q _{,
u Uv .
pS"SQ{BpZrY"p
_"Z_\"OY"u{O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ, O\"G"S"O": T"s^"pu {\"G"Y"O"u, _"\"puO@^"uNp \"O"O" OY"P": $
{@zb"N":, _"Z_\"OY"p bXY"p E" {\"{R"`qZ_"T"": {\"{R"" `qZ" O"Y"pu: _"T"":, O"pv _"T""pv
\"p $ O"spz _"Z_\"O"rz bX"rz E" T"p"_Y" {\"{R"`Zr \"vqZN"pv W"\"O":, O"OT""r_T""pO"o $ P"
E"puO@w>puO@w>{\"p\"pS"o W"\"{O", bX"r\"pz" W"\"{O" $ X"QS"pQTY"{QR"@_"sSQZpu W"\"O"rOY"p`
- ZO"u: T"p{O"\"OY"{X"{O" $ ZXY"uN" \"T"s^"p X"S"pu`ZuN" \"T"s^"p ZO"u: T"p{O"\"OY"z {"{P"Y"{O" $
414
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -99
T"qZN"rO"T"{O"@SQT"T"X"pe"{\"^"Y"@Z{O"X"OY"p ZO"u: T"s^"pSO"Z{\"^"Y"@Z{O"X"sOT"pQY"{O" $

Z{O"G"pS"p{O" Y"X"u\" @pX"rW"tY" X"X" T"{O": @P"z S" G"pO" {O" $ {E"Z"r\"r E" W"\"{O" $
b"{T"O"T""sT"p"\Y"{O"@Z:, T""\"pu Qu\"pS"pz T""\":, Y"u @pXY"@X"@O"pZ:, O"u^"pz T"p": @X"V"SR":,
{X"PY"pc"pS"z \"p O"_Y" \Y"{O"@Z: _"X"t ` : _"z b "{T"O"pu Y"u S " _": T"ZX"u "ZpT" N "V"s p
{S"^@pX"@X"pS"s>pS"G"{S"O"R"X"uN" T"pE"rS"T"pT"b"Y"u OT""u, {R">pS"_"pb"pO@pZpu V""W"tY"pY"
@T"O"u OY"p` - T"ZV""p{W"AY"z Z_"Y"O"r{O" $ T"ZV""N"pu&{W"AY"p V""W"tY"pY" Y"p {W"AY"p
O"SO"z O"pQpOXY"z Z_"z Z_"Y"{O" p_\"pQY"{O" $ V" "pS"SQpS"s W "\"r W"\"O"rOY"P" : $ S"S"s
T"t\"X"sT"p_"S"X"sz `Z_Y" X"S"{_" O\"p{SO"z G"S"Y"O"r{O" $ S"uS" rO\"T"p{": $ QpS"rX"sEY"O"u
V""p{W"AY"{X"{O" ? W"p\"S"pS"sT"UQpe"r W"B"\"O"r $ Y"u @pX"s@p: @p{X"S"rX"Y"X"u\" _"\"| T"Y"{SO"
O"u^"pz O"Qu\" UX"o $ Y"u O"s V""W"p\"pS"Y"p W"G"{SO" O"u^"p{X"Q{X"{O" $$
_"Z_\"OY"p OY"p{QT"_Y" Z`_Y"pP":- _"Z_\"O"r \"pN"r bX"r: {\"{R"`qZ_"T"":
@`_", ZXY"uN" \"T"s^"p "p, O"P"p \"pN"rbX"r {\"{R" "O"s"S "@pu W"s\"S"u"Zr _""pb"Zr
X"`p{\"p {\""V"rG"@p{OX"@p $ O""pT"@: T"Zz V""pAY"z Z_"z _\"r@wOY" _\"pOX"pS"sW"\"T"z
Z_"z pz Z_"Y"{O" $ O"Qlp_"uS" Y"pv\"S"O"N"T"pMv p> sp_"{\"p_"uS" _"X"S"sW"tO"{S"G"pOX"Z_"uS"
_": O"O_\"r@pZpO"o {_"O"u QY"u X"tpR"pZB"O"@sNL>{SY"p: _T"pX"pe"uN" OP"pY"
_"s^"sX"npX"pB"uN p B"XY"O"u SX"S"p\"_P"pY"pX"sp_"u O"Y"p _"`pZu _"X"Z_"z _P"rY"O"u {O"
_"pR"@{"Zpu&pZz \Y"pAY"pS"X"o $ O"O_"\"| @spN"\"pO"o @sT"@p"O"Se"pO"o O"Se"ZpG"ppu\Y"z B"sX"sA"p{Q{O" Z`_Y"pP"pu& Y"z \Y"pAY"pO": $ e" T""sT"p"{\"X"puE"S"r {\"p,
T"p" pz, {E"Z"r\"S"o ò_":, ^" V"s{{_P"O"X"`p{\"p X"S"s: $ P"pOT""sT"p"z {b"T"S"o
\Y"{O"@Z: z, O"P"p X"`p{\"pX"S"sT"pSO"u T"p"z G"sz _" {O" _X"wO"X"o $ T""sT"p"z O"O": T"p
u p
X"Se"QpS"u X"ù"qZ $ b"T"Y"u{O" SX"Se"z T""sT"p{\"X"puE"@X"o $ e" T"P"X"z T""sT"p"{\"X"puE"S"r
{\"p {"^Y"pY" QrY"O"u $ O"O"pu B"s: T"p"e"Y"z {\"X"puEY", O"O\"z _"zV"puRY", _"\"O"O\"z
T"V"puRY"pS"pSO"Zz Qrb"Y"u{Q{O" $ e" Y"Se"X"Se"pu QrY"O"u O"QSO"u T""sT"p"@X"S"s:, _"\"e"pY"z
\Y"\"`pZ: $ T"p"e"Y"z {\"X"puEY"vS"z Qrb"Y"u{S"O"z _"sO"X"o {O" Qu\"rY"pX"\"E"S"X"o $
O"f"f\"e"Y"c"pS"r B"s: $ _"u\"pY"pz pW": $ pz G"sz _": @sz Qlz _":, T""sT"p"z UJo> $$ 99 $$
BuQ
(Ci 101x _PzvS Akzux Cu _P. u
UP.) ]u US \ & q CPx
A . uh APQ v US. }sh
B . _{ \ Q u A .
415
H _ v Cu P]. B : S x :
_\ m G _\ \| v. (99)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
_"Z_\"OY"u{O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ O\"G"S"\"pS"o {\"{R"`qZ_"T"": _"S"o {\"`ZO"u $ {\"{R"V" "p,
`qZ{\"^N"s: O"Y"pu: _"T"": _"X"pS"T""r@: {\"`ZO"u @L>O"u $ pu@u V""{\"^N"sW"uWY":
{\"b"N"_\"W"p\"pu pu@pO"rO": T"ZvZS"{W"W"p\"S"rY": _"S"o T"ZV""pS"SQX"S"sW"\"{O" $ O"e" ùO"sX"p`
- @uS", _"Z_\"OY"p: T"{O"O\"uS" {\"R"u: _"T""pu bXY"p: T"{O"O\"uS" {\"^N"pu: _"T"": _"tY"p_T"Qz
W"\"O"rOY"P": $ {\"\"p`@O"qZ W"O"qZ _"{O" SY"uS" Y"p W"sGY"O"u O"Y"p ùO"sW"tO"Y"p {\"\"p`@O"sZ SY"pu
G"pZ: T"{O": _"T"" OY"sEY"O"u $ _"Z_\"O"rW"puB"uS" V""_"X"pS"pu&{R"@pu \"p, bX"rW"puB"uS"
S"pZpY"N"_"X"_O"Q{R"@pu \"p W"\"O"r{O" W"_Y" V"X"sX"o $ _\"T"z @P"{X"OY"p` - ^"
O\": ZXY"uN" _"sSQZuN" \"T"s^"p _\"T"uN" ZO"u: @pX"Qu\"_Y" T"Y"p: T"p{O"\"OY"z T"{O"\"O"pW"p\"z
{"{P"Y"{O" QmZr@Zpu{O" $ @pX"pQ{T" _"sSQZz O\"z ^>p @pX"\"R"tX"s
{O" T"s^"pSO"Zu
{E"f"_"z_"B"pOT"p{O"\"OY"`p{S": $ T"sS"Zu^" {E"Z"r\"S"o V""p{Q{W"ZS"sCz "S"rY"z @pz zCY"
\"O"X"pS"pu W"\"{O" $ P" E" b"{T"O"T""sT"p"\Y"{O"@Z" W"\"{O" $ T""\"" T"p"p" O"u^"pz
\Y"{O"@Z: _"z_"B":$ _" b"{T"O": QmZr@wO"pu Y"uS" _" O"P"pu: $ T""\"pu B"sX"Se"{\"\"{G"O"p:, @u\"z
T"se"@e"{X"e"p{Q{S">p c"pS"EF>"p: $ T"p"p:, C"wN"p "p W"Y"z "p G"sB"sT_"p E"v\"
T""X"r$ @sz G"p{O"" "rz E" >pv T"p"p: T"@{O"O"p: $ O"v: T"p"v{\"Z{Ò"pu {S"{\"@pZpu
{G"O"u{SY":$ {\""\Y"p{T" X"`pc"pS"z @X"uN" T"s^"pu&S"sO"u $ {O" $ P" T"ZV""p{W"AY"z
T"ZV"""VQ\"pEY"z Z_"X"pS"SQp{O""Y"z Z_"Y"OY"p_\"pQY"{O" $ Y"P"p O\"z W"B"\"O"r Qu\"O"p E"@u N"
X""@T"pQX""@U@pOX"@O"pz B"O"uS" V""{\"^N"su"ZpOX"@uS" X""uS" E"p_"S"\"O"r
_"\"Q\u "O"pWY"pu&TY"{R"@p, \"z O\"p {T" V""{\"^N"sWY"pu X"`pT"s^"uWY"pu&{R"@p W"\"{SO"
$$ 99 $$
uzw
x UP. , q, z, Da G
g\UPP u] Psh g\zv ux }
uuPUS Pz x[Sx, E k
vUS . (99)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
P" W"\"pSY"u\" W"G"S"rY"u{O" \"O"sz O"_Y" W"s{X"s Q"Y"S"o W"\"pS"rz _O"pv{O" $
416
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -99
_"Z_\"OY"u{O" $ O\"G"S"z W"G"O"u _"u\"O" {O" O\"G"S"W"p@o $ O\"pu {\"{R"`qZ_"T"Y"p _"Z_\"OY"p

bXY"p E" {\"G"Y"O" OY"S\"Y": $ {\"R"pv _"Z_\"OY"u\", `Zpv bX"rZu\", O\"u O"s _"Z_\"O"r
bX"r"u{O" {\"G"Y": $ _"X"pS"p T""r _"T""r O"Y"u{O" _"Z_\"OY"p bXY"p" {\""u^"N"X"o $ {\"{R""
`qZ" {\"{R"`Zr $ _"\"pu Spu {\"W"p^"Y"v @ \"\"O"r{O" T"qZW"p^"Y"p _"X"p`pZS: $
{\"{R"`qZG"Y"X"sO\"p @SQT"G"Y"X"p` - ZO"uqZ{O" $ _T">X"o $ W"\"pS"rW"_Y" G"r\"SX"s{X"p`
^" W"pu G"r\""u \ " b"{T"O": T""s T "pp\Y"p{O"@Zpu & {\"p_"z T "@pu Y"u S " _" c"pS"r _"S"o ,
T"ZV""N"pu&{W"AY"p T"@p"pu Y"e" O"z Z_"X"pS"SQz Z_"Y"{O" p_\"pQY"O"rOY"P": $$ 99 $$
uzu\vP
EP u UP. (99)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
_"Z_\"OY"u{O" $ ù G"S"{S" ! O"\" W"_O"s V""{\"^N"s{"\"W"O"uWY"pu&{T" {\"b"N"_\"W"p\"pu
pu@pO"rO": T"ZvZS"{W"W"\"S"rY": _"S"o T"ZV""Z_"p_\"pQX"S"sW"\"{O" $ @sO" OY"p` - _"Z_\"OY"p
\"O"X"pS"u{T" V""{N" W"O"qZ drdrX"`pW">pqZ@pE"ZN"pZ{\"SQ_Y" V"pO"o `K>pQoB"w`rO\"p
W"puBY"Y"p $ O"O"o W"O"qZ `Zpv {O">OY"{T" V"pO@pZY"puBY"Y"p bXY"p E" @pZN"W"tO"Y"p
{\"{R"`qZ_"T""pu {\"R"u" `Zu" _"X"pS"T""r@pu W"\"{O" $ _"X"pS"p T""r Y"_Y" _" _"T"": $
_"X"pS"_Y" _"W"p\": $ T""r"VQ_Y" _"X"p_"pSO": J>E"o T"OY"Y": $ @T""r {\"\"p`@O"qZ W"O"{Z
{O">{O" _"{O", SY"uS" Y"p W"sGY"O"u O"Y"p ùO"sW"tO"Y"p {\"\"p`@O"s: SY"pu G"pZ: T"{O": _"T""
EY"O"u $ {@z \"`lS"p _"Z_\"O"rW"puB"uS" V""_"X"pS"pu V""N"pu&{R"@pu \"uOY"P": $ O"P"p bXY"p
W"puB"p"pZpY"N"_"X"pS"_O"Q{R"@pu \"uOY"P": $ {\"`ZO"u @L>{O" $ O" \" W"B"\"O"rW"_Y"
V"\"f\"X"sX"o $ _\"T"z @P"{X"OY"p` - ZXY"uN" \"T"s^"p T"uN" ZO"u: @pX"Qu\"T"Y"p: T"p{O"\"OY"z
T"{O"\"O"pW"p\"z {"{P"Y"{O" QmZr@Zpu{O" $ @pX"pQTY"{R"@_"sSQZz O"\" W"z o\> "p @pX"\"R"tY"O"pu
X"s{O", O"O": T"s^"pSO"Zu {E"f"_"z_"B"pO"o T"p{O"\"OY"`p{S": $ T"sS": {@zW"tO"pu W":, {E"Zz
G"r\""u^":, V""p{Q{W"ZTY"S"sS"rY"z @pz _"X"s \"O"X"pS":, T"E"sZO"ZT"s^"pY"s^"p W"t{^"O"pu
W"\"{O" $ P" E" b"{T"O"T""s\Y"p{O"@Z" W"\"{O" $ b"{T"O"p QmZrW"tO"p:, T""sT"pp\Y"{O"@Zp: Y"uS"
_" O"P"pu:$ T""\": T"p"p"u{O" S_"X"p_":, T""tS"pX"c"pS"pO"o F>"pS"pz B"s\"{G"O"pS"pz,
@u\"{X"` _"sA"X"u\" T"se"@e"p{QG"{S"O"X"sT"pQuY"z, S"p{_O" T"Zpu@:, S"p{_O" {\"p, S"p{_O"
X"pub": {O" {\"E"pZY"O"pz Qlp> S"pz \Y"{O"@ZuN" _"z_"B"uN " {\"Z{Ò": $ _"z_"B"G"p Qpu^"B"sN"p W"\"{SO"
{O" Ql_> "z_"B"ppu^"puOT"{f":, _"pR"s_"z_"B"pO"o _"p\"" W"\"{O" $ O"\" W": T"p"vZ{T" {\"Z{Ò"pu
417
W"\"{O" $ @u O"u T"p"p:? O"P"puO"z @sE"tLp> X"N"pv C"wN"p "p W"Y"z "p G"sB"sT_"p E"v\" T""X"r $
@sz G"p{O"" "rz E" >pv T"p"p: T"@{O"O"p: $ O"v: T"p"v{\"Z{Ò"pu {S"{\"@pZpu
{G"O"u{SY": $ {\""\Y"p{T" X"`pc"pS"z @X"uN" T"s^"pu&S"sO"u $ T"ZV""p{W"AY"z T"ZV""pVQ\"pEY"z
Z_"X"pS"SQp{O""Y"z Z_"Y"{O" p_\"pQY"{O"$ T"G"z X"R"s W"w"z Z_"{Y"O\"p {O" W"pZ{\": $ Z_"
p_\"pQS"u {O" R"pO"s: $ O\"G"S"\"pS"o O"Q_Y"p_OY"{_X"{"{O" X"O"sT"o $ Y"P"p O\"z W"B"\"O"r
Qu\"O"p E"@u N" X""@T"pQX""@U@pOX"O"pz B"O"uS" V""{\"^N"su"Z_"Qp{"\"pOX"@uS" X""uS"
E"p_"S"\"O"r _"\"Q\u "O"pWY"pu&{R"@p, Y"P"p E" O"\" {\"p @p{Q`p{Q_"X"{>T"p E"O"sQ "W"s\"S"puOT"{f"ùO"sO\"pO"o _"\"X"Se"uWY"pu&TY"{R"@p, O"P"p O"\" W"p {T" V""{\"^N"sp{QWY"pu&TY"{R"@p W"\"{SO" $$ 99 $$
isi
E z (v) Pvz vz vS
EP uU Pnu uuPha ] x
E Uu zvPha ]. (99)
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
_"Z_\"OY"u{O" - O\"G"S"\"pS"o O\": _"Z_\"OY"p B"T"p{QT"Y"p {\"Y"p bXY"p
R"S"_"X"wp {\"`ZO"u @L>{O", {\"R"u: V""N": `Zu: {\"^N"pu: _"X"pS"T""r@: _"S"o ZXY"uN" "puW"S"uS"
\"T"s ^ "p "ZrZu N " ZO"u : @pX"T" Y "p: T"p{O"\" O Y"z {"{P"Y"{O" Qm Z r@Zpu { O", {E"Z"r\""u \ "
V""pS"sS"rY"z @pX"s \"O"X"pS" \" b"{T"O"pu QmZr@wO":, "sT"p"pS"pz T"se"@e"pQrS"pz
\Y"{O"@Z; _"pu Y"uS" _" O"P"p, Y"p b"{T"O"p: T""tS"pz T"p"p C"wN"p"pQY": O"u^"pz \Y"{O"@Zpu
Y"uS" O"P"pW"tO": _"S"o T"ZV""p{W"AY"z Z_"z T"ZV""S"pX"Z_"z, Z_"pu \"v _": {O" dsO"u:, Z_"Y"{O"
p_\"pQY"O"rOY"P": $ O"Qlz @E"tL>pX"N"pv - C"wN"p "p W"Y"z "p G"sB"sT_"p E"v\" T""X"r $
@sz G"p{O"" "r" >pv T"p"p: T"@{O"O"p: $ O"v: T"p"v{\"Z{Ò"pu {S"{\"@pZpu {G"O"u{SY":$
{\""\Y"p{T" X"`pc"pS"z @X"uN" T"s^"pu&S"sO"u $ {\"^N"sT"b"u `qZqZS:, "u^"z _"X"pS"X"o $$ 99 $$
Pu
u UP Eu. qzv & Cv.
.
pS"SQ`ZrJ>r@p
QpS"rz O\"G"S"z W"puB"X"pub"_"pR"S"{X"{O" Q"Y"{O" - _"Z_\"OY"p {O" $ O\"G"S"z {\"O"u
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -100
418
Y"_Y"p_"pv O\"G"S"\"pS"o $ W"G"S"W"p{B"{O" T"pKu> O\"G"S"z W"G"O" {O" O\"{"pr G"S"

OY"P":$ _"Z_\"OY"p @{\"O\"p{QT"Y"p, bXY"p R"S"_"zT"Qp {\"`ZO"u _"sA"r W"\"{O" $
{\"{R"`{Z_"T"": V""{\"^N"s_"": $ _"X"pS"p T""r Y"_Y"p_"pv _"T"" {O" \Y"pAY"pS"X""sz
_"QP"puT "_P"pT"@O\"pO"o _"T""r@ {O" T"Y"puB"_Y"v\"pe"pP"u _"pR"sO\"p" $ ZXY"uN" X"S"pu`ZuN" \"T"s^"p
"ZrZuN" ZO"u: @pX"T"Y"p: T"p{O"\"OY"z T"{O"\"O"pR"X"| T"ZT"s^"_"pvSQY"pS"\"pu@S"p{QT"z
{"{P"Y"{O" QmZr@Zpu{O" $ ^" {E"Zz G"r\""u\" V""p{W"AY"z O\""pX"@z Z_"X"p_\"pz \"_"s, Z_"pu
\"v _": {O" dsO"u: $ Z_"Y"{O" pS"SQY"{O" $ @":, b"{T"O"pu QmZr@wO": T""tS"pz c"pS"pz Y"u
T"p"p \" T"p"p: V"SR"S"ùO"\": T"se"@e"pQY": O"u^"pz \Y"{O"@Z: _"X"t`pu Y"uS" _" O"P"p $ P"\"p
T""tS"pz T"p"\Y"{O"@Zpu C"wN"p"p{QT": $ O"Qlz @sE"tLp> X"N"pv - C"wN"p "p W"Y"z "p
G"sB"sT_"p E"v\" T""X"r$ @sz G"p{O"" "r" >pv T"p"p: T"@{O"O"p: $ O"v: T"p"v{\"{S"X"s
pu
{S"{\"@pZpu {G"O"u{SY": $ {\""\Y"p{T"X"`pc"pS"z @X"uN" T"s^"pu&S"sO" {O" $$ 99 $$
Bu
UP Eu. (100)
*
T"QrT"G\"pp{W"{Q\"_"@ZS"rZpG"S"{\"{R":
_"sR"p_"tO"u"SpuT"G"\"vZCY"ZE"S"p1 $
_\"@Y"vZXW"pu{W": _"{{S"{R"_"pv{ÒY"@ZN"z
O\"QrY"p{W"\"p{BW"_O"\" G"S"{S" \"pE"pz _O"s{O"qZY"X"o $$ 100 $$
wvP }|v:
uua\zU\| 1 >
R: {v zPn
zwUu |{ \ xv >> 100
1. C"J>S"p Ph|.
u:& \|{ & \P & a] u ! w:&
PUQ JUPvP, vP}|v:& ÙSz w Bzv
Pmkx,
uu:
Auzu
Q
\vUS,
\z:& \vPuUP P]}, AUU\| & AUP ux
E\x, R:
A:& ux }, {v
O\"QrY"z _"\"X"o - G Eu
419
zPn & PhUSz vv Ax. CS Jzuu, zw:

U:& E hQ USP, C xv:& Cuz xv.
Pwa, Uv, , {zzu u u |[P
{ Q.
bX"rR"Zp
T"QrT"_Y" @ZQr{T"@pY"p:, G\"pp{W": @p{W":, {Q\"_"@Z_Y" _"tY"_Y",
S"rZpG"S"{\"{R": S"rZpG"S"@wOY"X"o, _"sR"p_"tO"u: E"S_Y", E"SpuT"G"\"v: E"SpuT"pS"pz
E"S@pSO"pS"pz G"\"v: {S"^Y"SQv:, CY"ZE"S"p, _\"@Y"v: pOX"_"XV"{SR"{W":,
O_\"@Y"T"Qz T"QrT"G\"pp{W"qZOY"pQpv \Y"OY"Y"uS"pS\"u{O" _\"@Y"p{W"qZ{O" $ XW"pu{W":
G"v: _"{{S"{R"_"pv{ÒY"@ZN"z _"X"s_Y" O"w{"ùO"s: O"T"N"{\""u^": $ O\"QrY"p{W": O\"QlOT""v:,
O\"O_\"T"v: \"p{BW": \"pY"_"zQW"v: O"\" W"\"OY"p:, G"S"{S" ! X"pO": ! _"{\"e"rOY"P": $ \"pE"pz
\"pT"T""_Y" _O"s{O"qZY"X"o $ e"uOP"z T"QY"puG"S"p - ù \"pE"pz G"S"{S" ! Y"P"p _\"@Y"p{W":
T"QrT"G\"pp{W":
{Q\"_"@ZS"rZpG"S"{\"{R":,
Y"P"p
_\"@Y"v"SpuT"G"\"v:
_"sR"p_"tO"uZCY"ZE"S"p W"\"{O", Y"P"p _\"@Y"vZXW"pu{W":_"{{S"{R"_"pv{ÒY"@ZN"z W"\"{O", O"P"p
O\"QrY"p{W": \"p{BW"Zu\" O"\"uY"z _O"s{O":$ e" Y"z _O"s{O"qZ{O" Y"Qp T"t\"pu
T"QrT"G\"pp{Q\"pY"T"{O"T"p{QO"pP"_"pXY"T"ZpX"": O"Qp T"{O"\"_O"tT"X"ppZ:, T"X"pS"puT"X"uY"Y"pu\"_O"sT"{O"\"_O"sW"p\"uS"pS\"Y"pO"o $ Y"Qp Y"z _O"s{O"qZ{O" _\"T"X"pe"z T"ZpX"wY"O"u O"Qp {W""\"pY"O\"uS"
{V"XV"T"{O"{V"XV"pb"uT"pO"o >pSO"ppZ: $ \"z T"{O"\"_O"tT"X"p>pSO"ppZY"pu: S\"Y"W"uQSu "
T"O"rY"X"pS"O\"pO"o \"pY"Y"pdY"N"pO"o _"z_"w{>Z\u "u{O" RY"uY"X"o $
{_X"S"o _"pvSQY"`Zrpu@"O"@u _"X"pS"rO": T"pz {O" _"X"sQWo "tO"_P"t_O"S"W"ZX"o {O" {S"R"u {S"OY"_X"uZu {O" pu@e"Y"z \"O"O"u $ O"f"s W"B"\"OT"pQZ{E"O"z S"
W"\"{O" @uS"{E"OT"{b""{X"{O" S" \Y"pAY"pO"X"o $ pu@"O"@X"u\" \Y"pAY"pO"X"o $$100$$
{O"
drpu@s_"zT"QpY"T"\"O"@W"X"Zp[XV"@p\"ZT"_"pQ_"X"s{_"O"X"`p_"pZ_\"O"W">puT"{O"B"SP"{\"\"ZN"@O"w drX"`puT"pRY"pY"X"`pQu\"pE"pY"_""X"uS" _"p{ÒY"T"pqZG"pO"_X"w{O"@T"O"T"V"SR"T"V"SR"wbX"rR"ZpY"^"uS> "
W"ZO"pN"\"T"puO"pAY"_"p{ÒY"X"rX"pz_"pB"SP"Y"T"N"uO"w{\"qZ{"{X"dT""X"uS" X"rX"pz_"pY"G"r\"pO"s{S"X"pO"wT"s^"puf"X"X"`puT"pRY"pY"S"Te"p T"pW"p@ZpX"wO"\"p{`S"rT"W"p\"r A"NL>S"pS"u@ T"V"SR"_"SQW" T"\"O"@{V"QT"QX"`puT"pRY"pY"bX"NppY"T"pve"uNp, S"Y"{\"\"u@Qr{T"@p T"V"SR"_"z{\"R"pO"wX"`puT"pRY"pY"{\"O_"p\"W"pvX"S"tO"S"\Y"p_"pS"u@{V"QpqO" dr{\""S"pP"W">pZ@O"S"Y"uS" R"rO"-Q""O"S"Y"uS" T"p\"O"rB"W""s{X"spZ"uS"
420
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -100
V"`l@w O"R"r{E"Z"uS" pu@s@"pXV"s{R"_"sR"pz"sS"p Y"":T"pz "sS"p `qZO"B"pue"@T""p{A"S"p

pT"_O"XV""p{A"S"p ^"LoQ> "S"rT"pZ"S"p T"{O"T"b"\"wb"G"IH"pX"pO"qZ"S"p W"X"Zp[XV"@pT"_"pQ_"X"p_"p{QO"T"{O"W"p{\""u^"uN" W"s{\" "u^"uN" {S"{A"Y"pX"O"Se"pN"\"p\"B"p`S"uN"
pdY"r@wO"B"G"T"{O"\"rZuN" S"r{B"qZ_"sSQZE"ZN"pZ{\"SQE""Zr@uN" \"pN"r_"È"Zr@uN"
_"Z_\"O"r{\"p_"pS"u@_X"w{O"{S"V"SR"S"bX"rR"ZpS"u@_"p{ÒY"{S"V"SR"S"S"Y"{\"\"u@W"t^"N"pS"u@B"sX"O"{S"V"SR"S"Y"puB"Qr{T"@pS"u@T"pO""X"O"{S"V"SR"S"X"`p{S"V"SR"S"pAY"X"pS"\"
R"X""pJ>r@p@N"p\"O"z_"V"`p\"O"z_"pS"u@@@p\Y"@T"@uS" p{dO"G"S"@T"@uS" {S"B"`pS"sB"`@pv{"@uS"
drX"`puT"pRY"pY"bX"rR"ZQu{p@uS" @wO"uY"z bX"rR"ZpAY"p _"pvSQY"`Zr_O"s{O"\Y"pAY"p $
S"Y"p _"SO"sp> W"\"O"s W"B"\"O"r W"\"pS"r $$
u
P a\ux APkzxQ US u PUP
w zv. Auzu U Pnu \vUS \v PuUP
P] } AUU kx. Ph } Gkzx Ph\US
vvUS P Si} Ax, C Gi |PUS E
\P Ax } Azu UP Au Au mka
\Q \Uv Pkzu EUP G xv \xS.
Czxh 100 _P E ihQx. u: z G
zuy G, {u{z G _P[P Pzu
Cx A. Cha\UP G AS E
Gu. (100)
z uu]P C u E .
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
{@" X"Y"p _O"s{O"Z{T" S" @wO"uOY"p` - T"QrT"u{O" $ T"QrT"G\"pp{W":
{Q\"_"@ZS"rZpG"S"{\"{R":, Y"P"p O"uG"pu{S"R"u: QrT"{"A"Y"p S"rZpG"S"z, _"sR"p_"tO"u:
X"wO"T"_"t{O"T"Q_Y" E"SpuT"G"\"v: E"S@pSO"{S"^Y"SQ_"{{V"SQl{W": CY"C"J>S"p
CY"QpS"z, _\"@Y"vZXW"pu{W": _"{{S"{R"_"pv{ÒY"@ZN"z _"X"s_Y"v\" G"v: _"X"sO"T"N"z,
_"X"s_O"wTY"{O\"{O" $ O"P"p _\"@Y"p{W"\"p{BW":, X"pO"w@p_\"T"p O\"X"u\", O"\"v\" X"pO"w@pb"Zv:
O"\"v\" _O"s{O":, T"ZpT"X"SO"rX"RY"X"pT"Y"p O\"Y"v\"pu{_"O"\"vA"Zr{\"G"w{XW"O"O\"SX"Y"X"pO"w@pb"Zv: O"\"v\" _O"s{O"qZ{O" X"X" _O"s{O"\"_O"sO" \" S"p{_O" $ O\"X"u\" _"\"e"pS"s_Y"tO"p
E"uO"S"pT"p T"{O"W"p_"O" {O" W"p\": $$ 100 $$
421
^"p _"pvSQY"`Y"p>r@p _"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"rS"pX"nr $

@v\"Y"pdX"Z{E"S"p {\"_"O"s T"ZQu\"O"pT"X"puQ@Zr $$
e"p\"z @wO"{R"Y": _"XY"B"ppuEY" O"O\"O": $
ppuR"Y"SO"s {\""u^"uN" V": _"SO"pu&Y"X""{: $$
{@z {\"c"pT"S"Y"pS"Y"p Y"{Q W"\"uQ_X"O@wO"uS" b"Zz
B"SP"u&e" _\"Y"X"u\" _"pR"sT"s^"p: QmZr@qZ^Y"{SO" O"O"o $
_"SX"pB"u T"{O"O"p{S" @NJ>{@O"spSY"ppuY" {@z _"pR"\"pu
QmZr@wOY" S" Y"p{SO" O"p{S" T"{P"@p: @O"s| T"Zu^"pz {Ò"X"o $$
{O" drB"pu{\"SQpdX"T"tGY"T"pQ{"^Y"dr@v\"Y"pdX"{\"Z{E"O"pY"pz pS"SQ`Zr\Y"pAY"pY"pz
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"SY"pz _"pvSQY"\"N"S"pAY"pu {O"rY"_O"Z: $
_"pv S QY" `ZrJ> r @p _"pv W "pBY"\"R" S "r _"z T "t N "p $$
*
Uzu
u UP ! zPi EUS Au
A[P xv Gx. , aw, z G u E \Uv
PP E A zP[P xvux G
\. } uhx \u| oP [SQ.
P] C Uzu G E uuUS
Qa] uuP [Pmk. Cv E S AbP vzumk.
PT {Q. Cu skP u. | G u
S }UQk. | SzxQ mP | uP
Akzv US | v.
Pu] ] P ] C Bu
E U zu ASn G Cshx u[P
.
Uzv .
N"pX"pu{QS"r
_O"s{O"ZT"rY"z W"\"QrY"v\", S"u`X"e" @O"uO Y"p` - T"QrT"u{O" $ \"pE"pz {B"Zpz G"S"S"r X"pO"p
O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{: $ ù \"pE"pz G"S"{S" ! \"pBQu\"rT"R"pqZ{N" ! X"pO"w@pT"u Qu{\" ! X"p:
422
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -100
O\"QrY"p: O"p{W": T"OY"Y"puf"ZT"QY"pu"u{O" Fu> O\"pQu":, B"r{W": Z{E"O"u{O" "u^": $ W"\"OY"p

X"pO"w@pT"O\"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ Y"X"pS"SQ`Zr _"pvSQY"`Zr_"X"pAY"p _O"s{O":, {\"X"pS"B"sN"\"N"S"T"p S"s{O":, O"\" W"\"OY"p:, T"QrT"G\"pp{W": QrT"T"W"p{W":, {Q\"_"@ZS"rZpG"S"{\"{R":, {Q\"_"@Z_Y" _"`p{E"^": _"\"O"uG"puX"Y"_Y" _"tY"_Y" S"rZpG"S"{\"{R": {"G\"pY"p
pZp{O"@{\"R"pS"z O"p{B"OY"P": $ O"P"p _"sR"p_"tO"u: X"wO"X"Y"_Y"uSQpu:, pe"uY"pu X"p
_"sR"p_"t{O"qZOY"X"Z: $ E"SpuT"G"\"v: O"QrY"vZ\u " E"SX"{N"S"rZ{V"SQl{W": CY"_Y" ZE"S"p
{\"R"pS"X"o $ O"P"p _\"@Y"v: _\"rY"v: _"pX"sZv \u " XW"pu{X": G"v: _"{{S"R"u: _"X"s_Y"
_"pv{ÒY"_Y" @ZN"z {\"R"pS"z O"T"N"p"{:, O"O_""rOY"P": $ _"pv{ÒY"z O"T"N"z O"w{"qZOY"X"Z: $
@pZp{Qb"@pZpSO"X"pO"w@p\"N"{T"N"r
OY">pfu "Z"O"S"pX"puO"u:,
X"pO"w@pb"ZpN"pz
W"\"mT"O\"uS", O"{@w{O"T"_Y" _"\"\"pB\Y"\"`pZ_Y"p{T" W"\"mT"O\"pO"o W"\"O"rX"{R"@wOY" @wO"p
pB"X"pP"_"z\"p{QS"rY"z _O"s{O": W"\"O_"XV"{SR"X"pO"w@pb"ZpQS"SY"O\"pO"o, W"\"QrY"\"p{BW"Zu\"
W"B"\"OY"p: _O"s{O"qZY"X"o $ _"X"_O"O"uG"pu{S"R"u: _"@pu@T"@p"@O\"p"p{W""_Y" Y"P"p
QrT"G\"pY"p pZp{O"@{\"R"pS"z, Y"P"p \"p _"X"_O"G"T"tN"_Y" _"{{S"R"u: O""vZ\u "pCY"{\"R"pS"z, O"P"v\"u{O" W"p\": $ e" _O"pue"_O"sOY"_O"p\"@W"p\"uS" W"\"OY"p \"p\"{_P"O"O\"pO"o
T"_Y" _O"puO"sX"X" V"p_Y" _"\"u T"ZpR"p: b"XY"SO"p{X"{O" _"\"X"S"\"X"o $$ 100 $$
_"O_"p{ÒY"T"\"rN"{W"s\"S"X"{Ò": @sNL>X"sOY"S\"\"pY"u
\"rZpu B"pR"ZpAY": _"X"sQW"\"Q_"pv X"{S"pP"pO@\"uY": $
O"_Y" dr_"tS"s@pX"u"Z@{\"Z{E"O"pE"pY"Qu\"r_O"sO"rY"\Y"pAY"pS"u&{_X"S"o {O"rY"p _"X"G"{S" `qZ"pN"pX"pu{QS"rY"X"o $$
dr{\"C"nu"ZW"\"O_"@wT"p_"z\"rb"N"T"uZN"pO"o
B"SP"puT"@X"N"T"\"wf"X"{A"pW"r>pP"QpS"b"X"pO"o $
>p QmZ{S"Z_O"X"O_"ZX"Qp_"tY"p{Q_"SQpu`Y"p
_"pSpS"SQ_"sR"pZ_"s{O"G"s^"p T"Y"SO"s X"pz _"tZY": $$
drdrT"OY"p{Q{X"P"sS"v: _"z_"u{\"O"T"QpXV"sG"X"o $ O"N"pN"S"r@p"z W"G"O"p B"N"S"pY"@X"o $$
@pX"u"ZuN" {\"Ql^"p {S"{X"O"p{O"X"S"pu`Zp $ N"pX"pu{QS"rS"pX"nr \Y"pAY"uY"X"{O""puW"S"p $$
pX"pu{QO"pN"pQu\Y"p ZpG"ZpG"u"ZpY"p $ pO"S\"O"r V"sR"pX"puQz G"rY"pQpE"SO"pZ@X"o $$
N"pX"pu{QS"rS"pXY"p \Y"pAY"Y"p "sW"Y"pS"Y"p $ _"SO"s>pW"r>Qp W"tY"pQN"p @N"p\"O"r $$
X"{Y" T"_"pQz {\"V"sR"p: T"Y"O"pN"Y"p @wO"X"o $ Y"uS"p{O"@{K>S"B"SP"\Y"pAY"pS"puO_"s@O"pX"B"pX"o $$
423
{O"
drX"Q{A"{\"p_"zT"QpY"T"\"O"@_"p{ÒY"T"Q_"p\"W"pvX"
drX"O@puLX> "{O"\"z"Z"p@Z_"sR"p@ZV""pSO"\"p{N"\"Y"O"S"tW"\"_Y" {\""G"S"rS"{\"p\"v"_Y" {\"SX"N"uX"u "ZT"{NL>O"_Y" _"tS"pu: B"pR"ZR"rZR"sZSR"Z_Y" O"S"tW"\"uS" _"X"_O"W"G"SX"S"puZP"_"SR"pS"_"X"\"{Ò"
dr{\"CS"u"Z@Npp@J>pb"{S"Zrb"NpVR"{\"p\"vpuS"
X"pzV"pBpW"Z"p@ZZp@p_"sR"p{S"{R"S"p \"uJ> u> "Z_"tqZW"p{BpS"uY"uS" @pX"u"Z _"tqZN"p {\"Z{E"O"p_"s @w{O"^"s pE"pY"W"B"\"OT"pQ@wO"Qu\"r_O"s{O"\Y"pAY"pY"pz
N"pX"pu{QS"r_"X"pAY"pY"pz
_"pvSQY"\"N"S"pT"Z:
_"pvSQY"`Y"pAY"pu {O"rY": @pu:$ _"X"p"pu&Y"z B"SP": $$
Anv
Cuzxv Ehu. | Au C. UQ u !
zP u ! Cu Bu, u G xv,
CUQ ] oUQx. u wzu US JPmkx,
\vPuUP P]} Au Q \vUS AUU ux,
Ph }U Psh PhUS }mPz uox A u
E GzxUP u G \m]US EUQ EUP
E \ a\ Psk Guxv Cx. C A.
Cx uP zu sk. G G Su.(100)
Cx Pa P C E. zzv ,
EPP, SsmUv\zv u, |uP
(a siu) S Pa P Anv
C. |P A . & v u
uuP viP h Pn|u mk C
Gumhx.
a
Anu
Ax.
Au CuU PiUS E Gu u.
Pa C u E Anv .
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
{@z E"u^"p _O"s{O"Z{T" X"Y"p X"QrY"\"E"S"vS" @wO"p, {@SO"s O\"QrY"vZ\u " "VQv: _O"s{O"Z_O"s O"u
OY"p` - T"QrT"vqZ{O" $ ù X"pO": T"ZpT"Y"SO"rX"RY"X"pT"Y"p _"X"s{_"O"p X"pO"w@pX"Y"r \"vA"Zr
O"Y"p {\"G"w{XW"O"pSY"b"Zp{N", O"v_O"s {@Y"X"pN"p _O"s{O": O\"Y"v\" @wO"p S" O"s X"Y"p $ O"e"
E"uO"S"pT"p&S"s_Y"tO"p T"{O"W"p_"_"u $ O"e" >pSO"p:- T"QrT"G\"pp{W"qZOY"pQY": $ O"_Y"
Z`_Y"pP": $ O"P"p E" O"\" S"pX"_X"ZNp"rpS"pz _": _"\"| T"@p"O"u $ Y"P"p QrT"u {_P"O"u T"P"X"z
E"pS"sQr"u\" W"p_"O"u Qu`pSO"Zu {@{"{QOY"u\" _X"ZN""rpS"pz Y"P"p QrT": _X"wO": u`Y"s:
_"\"X"\"W"p_"Y"{O" \"z O\"{X"{O" W"p\": $ ù G"B"QXV" O"\" E"ZN"_X"ZN"z X"X" X"S"_"pu Y"e" Y"Y"pB"p
424
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -100
S" G"pY"O"u $ _\"@Y"vZXW"pu{W": _\"@wO"v: G"T"RY"pS"T"tG"p{Q{W": O" \"pXW"pu{S"R"Y": O"v: _"Qp

O"pT"Z{Ò"p: _"Qp prO": O"\" _\"W"p\": O"u^"pz _"sR"pG"O"T"N"_"X"s{_"O"QY"pS"pz
E"SpX"wO"G"uS"v\" CY"C"J>S"p O"T"N"z O"Qu\" W"\"O"rOY"P": $ G"B"QXV" _\"@Y"p{W"\"p[BW": O\"pz
_O"s\"SO":... _" \" G"B""S"S"r... \"E"S"_O"s{O"qZY"z {O" T"{O"T"pO"u $ O"P"p E"
_\"Y"z@w O"\"pN"r{\"ZE"S"uS" _\"@w{O"z X"SY"X"pS"p: _O"s\"SO" \"pc"pS"\"SO"pu W"\"{SO" $ S" X"X"uY"z
@w{O": {@SO"s G"B"QXV"p\"p{B\"{_"O"X"u\" O"{Q{O" T"Y"O"pz O"Y"p E" O\"pz _O"s\"O"pz
\"pY"X"pub"{_"{: $ Y"p T"QrT"G\"pp{W": Z\"u: @pu S"rZpG"S"{\"{R": _"\"pu@T"@p"@_Y",
G"vZCY"C"J>S"p E"S_Y" \"p _"sR"p_"tO"u:, _\"Y"z B"O"vZXW"pu{W": {`X"pY"pQ{T" {@z X"`puQR"u: $
_X"Qp{Q@wO"u: @p \"p _O"s{O": $ Y"e" \"uQSu "p{T" S"u{O" S"uO"r{O" @P"Y"X"pS"uS" p{T" _P"rY"O"
{O" $$ 100 $$
{O" pS"SQ\"pZ@wOdr"ZpE"pY"_Y"pc"Y"p drpS"SQ{B"qZ{\"Z{E"O": _"pvSQY"`Y"p
X"Se"pupZ: $
@NKu> pu@"O"rz @wO\"p @sb"uX"pY" _"O@wO"pX"o $ J>r@pz X"Se"X"Y"rz {S"OY"pX"pE"pY"p"Y"\"{N"S"rX"o $$
VR\"p B"sT"_"pQuS" _\"W"OY"p T"sNY"T"s"O": $ \"pEY"p: T"Z{"^Y"uXY"pu {S"R"pS"{X"\" Z{b"O"p:$$
dr pS"SQ{B"ZrY"_"zT"QpY"J>r@p ^"L>pX"npY"Qu\"O"pS"pz @X"uN" "v\"\"v^N"\"_"pvZB"pN"T"OY"p{QQu\"O"pS"pz
S"pS"pX"Se"pN"pX"spZN"X"{_O" $ T"Y""uS" B"puT"S"rY"z Y"P"p"{ $
BuQ
UQ u ! Cuz xv E \P Aux. G \P
A. , aw, z G u \u \Uv PP Ai
x. Av \u|i } uhx kQ. w
u AuS Eun. Cv P]x & E UQ
UPUS Eh G kQx. u ! E vi
{x Gx v. G \ A, u A
G {US UP Uv QmkQx. u Cx A Cx A
GUTQx. | S|UPP B\P Pzu USQ
v jP Gumhx. P]PU PzuUPx.
Bu Qz| \[P\ Bn u
vUP umhx. BuQ .
*
425
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
T"QrT"u{O" $ ù \"pE"pz G"S"{S" _"\"\"pB"tT "u X"`p{\"p{_"z`p_"S"u"qZ, Y"z _O"s{O":
O\"QrY"p{W"\"p{BW": _"X"pS"p Z{E"O"p $ O"\" _O"sOY"p T"r{O"_"zT"pQS"z QlW "X"o $ O"e"pS"sT">pSO"X"p`-Y"P"p T"QrT"G\"pp{W": T"QrT"_Y" G\"pp: {"A"p: O"p{W"{Q\"_"@ZS"rZpG"S"{\"{R":, {Q\"_"z @Zpu{O", O"_Y" O"uG"puZppu: _"tY"_Y" S"rZpG"S"{\"{R":
pZp{O"@{\"R"pS"X"o $ _"tY": {@z QrT"pZpR"S"uS" O"s^Y"{O"? O"P"p O"\" _O"s{O"Zu^"p $ Y"P"p E"
_"sR"p_"tO"u: _"sR"pY"p X"wO"_Y" _"t{O"Y"_X"pO_" O"P"p O"_Y" E"S_Y" E"SpuT"G"\"v:
E"S_Y"puT"p: E"S@pSO"p: O"u^"pz G" \"p {S"^Y"SQp: O"vZCY"ZE"S"p O"T"Np@wOY"z O"P"p X"u
O"\"p{T" _O"s{O": $ O"P"p _\"@Y"v: _\"rY"vZWz "pu{W"G":v _"{{S"{R"_"pv{ÒY"@ZN"z _"{pS"pz
{S"{R": _"X"s: O"_Y" _"pv{ÒY"z O"w{":, O"_Y" @ZN"z _"zT"pQS"z O"O_"X"pS"v\" O"\" X"X"v^"p _O"s{O": $
O" \" X"{Y" W"u {S"ZP"@@X"R"sZT"p{T"{S" V"p@u T"se"u Y"P"p X"pO"sZpS"SQp{O""Y": O"P"p
{S"ZP"@_O"s{O"T"ZpY"N"u X"{Y" O"\" E"ZN"{@Zu T"ZX"pS"SQX"sp {\"R"rY"O"p{X"{O" $$ {"\"X"o $$
100 $$
drX"O_"sSQZ`Zr\Y"pAY"p O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r $ \"vX"pR"\"Z{E"O"p V"p\Y"sOT"{f"{_"Y"u $$
{O" drX"Q>pY"puB"{_"\"p"p{A"{_"{X"O"pu X"`p_Y"pW"tO"uX" X"`pQu\"uS" {\"Z{E"O"p
dr_"pvSQY"`Zr_O"pue"O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"@p _"X"p"p $$ {"\"z W"tY"pO"o $$
"vpW"ppVG"{X"du B"O"\"{O" T"qZC"u `pY"S"u @puR"pS"pAY"u
_"tZu _"z`v z T"Y"pO"u O"T"{_" E" V"`lu \"p_"\"b"u E" "p@u $
_"pvSQY"ppAY"uAY"pu{QO" ` `Zr_O"pue"O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"SY"XV"pW"O"s{_O"Zp\"YY"X"ZB"s{QS"u S"r@NK>{G"uS" $$
("@u 1643 \"^"u \"O"X"pS"\"_"z\"O_"Zu QB"Y"S"u E"v"X"p_"u "sT"b"u O"wO"rY"pY"pz
_"X"p{"X"B"X"O"o $$)
uzw
USP u ! z |a ! Cuzxv E
\P Aux. Ez xvzx Qx Gu. wzu
US } \u US u. \vUSa
\vPuUP P] AU ux x. Ph }UPsh
PhUSz uP\v \x x. Uu. B ]_, C
426
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -100
\P Q ]_h u Buk. G xv
} uhuU Ps. (100)
zu uzw US Pmh Gv. u
Gv uz wP . | EshPmk.
(\P 1643 Bsk Bsi Ezunzv ]zv uzx _U
vw x.)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
{O" _"pvSQY"`Zr _"X"p"p $ _O"s{O"{X"X"p{X"OY"S"uS" T"p"X"pOX"S": _O"s{O"@O"wO \"z T"qZ`ZS"o
_O"sO"pv S" X"X" _\"pO"SeY"z, _O"s{O"Z{T" _\"puT"@pZpY"v\" OY"{W"T"pY"uN" _">pSO"X"p`-T"QrT"u{O" $
G"S"{S" O\"QrY"p{W"\"p{BX": \"p{B\"p_"v: \"pE"pz O"\" \"pBQu\"O"pY"p_O"\" _O"s{O"qZOY"P": $ \"pE"pz
O"\"uOY"e" _"zV"SR"u ^">r, _" E"p{R">pe"{R">Yu "W"p\": $ Y"z T"t\"pu
p Y"z E" _O"s{O": _\"pP"p $ S" O"s
O\"QrY"uOY"e" >pSO"pS"p` - T"QrT"uOY"p{QS"p $ \"_O"sO": _"pvZr{W"Zu\" T"QrT"G\"pp{W": Y"P"p
{Q\"_"@ZS"rZpG"S"{\"{R": O"P"p O"\" _O"sqO"qZOY"P": $ S"rZpG"S"@wOY"z SR"@pZ{S"\"w{f"T"z \"p
X"{S"\"w{f"T"z \"p O"QoY"X"{T" {Q\"_"@Zu _"tY"u T"ZX"X"_\"T"u S" _"zW"\"{O" $
O"P"p{T" _\"pP"| _"\"vZ {T" S"rZpG"S"z {\"R"rY"O"u $ O"P"p _O"s{O"@wOY"_Y"p{O""Y"pR"pS"_Y"pW"p\"u&{T"
S"SO""{_"zT""pY"p: O"\" _O"s{O"qZOY"{W"T"pY": $ _T"z> >pSO"Y"X"o $ _"pv{ÒY"z O"w{":,
{"_"tY"Y"pu"vY"z {"GY"pu{ O"qZ{O" X"Se"u dsO"p\"u\" T"{_"X"o $$ 100 $$
{O" _"pvSQY"`ZrJ>r@p T"QpP"E"{S@pAY"p _"X"p"p $$
uzu\vP
UP Eu.
uzu \vP
*
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù W"B"\"{O" ! \"pE"pz G"S"{S" _"\"\"pB"Tt "X"`p{\"p{_"z`p_"S"u"qZ drdr_"sSQZrX"`pW">pqZ@u, Y"f"\" _O"\"S"z X"Y"p @wO"z O"SX"X" \"pwO"z S" W"\"{O" $ O\"X"u\" _"X"_O"{G"pB"û "s
\"pB"{t T"N"r $ O" \" O\"QrY"p{W"\"p{BW": O"\" _O"s{O"Zu^"p$ @"rOY"T"ub"pY"pX"p` T"QrT"G\"pp{W": {Q\"_"@ZS"rZpG"S"{\"{R":$ O"uG"puZp"u: _"tY"_Y" S"rZpG"S"{\"{R":,
pZp{O"@{\"R"pS"X"o $ _"tY": {@z QrT"pZpR"S"uS" O"s^Y">{O" ? O"P"p \"_O"s T"Zu^"pX"o $
427
_"sR"p_"tO"u"S_Y" E"SpuT"G"\"v: E"S@pSO"_"{{S"^Y"SQvZCY"ZE"S"p O"T"N"@wOY"z, O"P"p

X"u _O"s{O": $ {T" E" _\"@Y"vZWz "pu{W": _\"rY"vG"Zv \u " _"{{S"R"u: _"X"sQu\"O"pY"p:
_"pv{ÒY"G"S"S"z O"T"N"pZp O"w{"_"zT"pQS"z, _"pv{ÒY"z O"T"Npz O"w{": OY"X"Z: $ O"O_"X"pS"X"u\"
X"X"v^"p _O"s{O": O\"p{BW": Z{E"O"v\" Y"O": O"\" _O"sOY"p T"r{O"_"zT"pQS"z QlW "X"o $ O" \" O\"z
X"{Y" W"u {S"ZP"@@u\"X"R"sZT"p{T"{S" V"p@u T"se"u Y"P"p X"pO"sZpS"SQp{O""Y": O"P"p
{S"ZP"@_O"s{O"T"ZpY"N"u X"{Y" O"\" E"ZN"{@>Zu T"ZX"pS"SQX"sp {\"R"rY"O"pX"o $$ 100 $$
{O" _"\"\Y"pTY"pS"SQ`Zr_O"pue"_Y" O\"OT"_"pQpQu\" _"\"pP"T"@p{"S"r J>r@p X"X"
X"sA"pQlOT""p $ S"p`z G"pS"p{X" _"p&_"p $ J>r@p@ZN"{X"Qz O"\"v\" $ _"\"Qpu^"pz"plN"pS"o B"w`rO\"p
X"pz @wO"pP"Y" $$
_"Qp&_"p {@X"{T" {\"{QO"z O\"OT"_"pQpS"sW"p\"pO"o
_"\"c"O\"z _"@{\"^"Y"u \"O"O"u pu@X"pO"s: $
\"pE"pB"szU"ZN"@X"u O"p\"@u T"s^T"X"ppz
r@wOY" T"@J>Y" X"X"pS"SQ_"pX"pGY"bX"rX"o $$
{O" drT"Q\"pY"T"X"pN"c"p{O"Zpe"Y"p{G"X"`pW">pZ@pZ{\"SQpuE"S"pE"pY"T"se" drZpX"@{\"
{L>{NL>X"X"s@s J>ZpY"X"`pT"pe"Zp"pv pS"SQ`ZrW"p^Y"ppuE"S"u {O"rY"X"sSX"rS"z _"zT"tN"X"o $$
@p"rQu"_"_"s\": @{\"\"Z: drZpX"_"q>{NL>X":
@wO\"p {Q{B\"G"Y"z @{\"O\"`Zr@pup`v: T"@X"v: $
T"pTY" drT"s^"puf"X"z T"sZ\"Zz O"{T"B"pu>rX"sA"u
O"u^"pz `^"@w O"u E"@pZ X"Ò"rz J>r@pz W"\"pS"r_O"sO"u: $$
isi
UP EPu. Cx EQ ]_
a\ u Bukx E \nQ[Ph Ex Bu
zvU PmkP.
E A u zu UP jP Gumhx. S
uzx { H G U\US, E A |u
Pmhu | Auu Gv. G Gu { EQ
u Eh Ex. E vi Aozu Cu H
GUS Bu A.
P isi Sh z] Bu
. Pg] zua \u isi, u P\xzu vU
428
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -100
\x, zuhx A[S Ab QUP Cu jP

Gv.
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
T"QrT"G\"pp{W"qZ{O" $ ù \"pE"pz G"S"{S", X"pO"w@pT"u, O\"QrY"p{W"Zu\" \"p{BW": O"\"
_O"s{O"qZY"z, S" X"p{BW": OY"P": $ Y"P"p T"QrT"G\"pp{W"{Q\"_"@Z_Y" _"tY"_Y" S"rZpG"S"{\"{R"ZpZp{O"@{\"R"pS"z, S" {` _"@W"s\"S"pSO"\"{O"R\"pSO"R\"z_"@_Y" W"B"\"O"pu X"pO"NL>_Y"
T"QrT"G\"pp{W": T"@p" OY"P": $ _"sR"p_"tO"u"S_Y" E"SpuT"G"\"v: E"S@pSO"T"pS"rY"{\"T"^s "v: CY"C"J>S"p CY"QpS"z, _\"@Y"v{S"G"v: zW"pu{W"G":v _"{{S"R"u: _"X"s_Y"
_"pv{ÒY"@ZN"z O"w{"_"zT"pQS"z, _"pv{ÒY"z O"T"N"z O"w{": OY"X"Z: $ e" Y"P"p"VQpW"p\"u&{T"
T"QrT"uOY"pQrS"pz >pSO"O"p {S"Q"S"ppZZrOY"p {O"O"r^"sQ_l O"Zz X"pu`pQlLT>s "uS"p{_X" _"pB"ZX"o
{O"\"O"o $ {\"^N"sT"b"u G"S"S"X"_Y"p_O"r{O" G"S"S"r G"r\":, G"S"{S"S"pz G"r\"pS"pz \"p@o \"E"S"z,
O"p_"pz G"S"{S"\"pE"pz X"RY"u Y"z _O"s{O":, O\"QrY"p{W"Zu\" \"p{BW": SO"Y"p{X"O"Y"p O\"Y"v\"
{S"{X"O"p, X"SX"sA"p{":_"ZN"X"pe"X"u\"vO"_Y"p OY"P": $ G"S"S"r{O" T"t\"\"O"o {\"^N"sT"b"u _"zV"puR"S"z
\"p $$ 100$$
P"| X"QrY"X"\"puY" O"O"pu {` _"XY"B"P"pSO"Zz _"X"{R"B"XY" {\"{S"SX"uO"O"o $
OY"SO"QlB"X"O"Zu T"{P" _"zE"ZSO": pRY"p W"\"{SO" @\"Y": T"sZO": T"Y"pO"p: $$
W"uQpu S" O"u G"S"{S" G"pO"s G"S"pQS"uS" \"v@sNK>S"pP"T"ZO"p{T" @wO"pe" O"uS" $
X"pO"W"\"p{S" @Z\"p{N" O"P"p{T" @p@sz X"p @s{NK>O> "pu&_O"s X"{Y" O"u @N"p@J>pb": $$
{O" drX"`pW"pB"\"O"drS"Z{_"z`_\"p{X"@wO"z "{{\"^N"sT"Z@z dr_"pvSQY"`ZrW"p^Y"z
_"X"p"X"o $$
Pu
UP. qzv & UP USP
Ch Cu xv Ex \P Au E
AUPx. G P x mk. | Gv
Enx Cuha ]u Pzuz uUQ P PP P
PhUP Guu u \Q. AP ]PUS EP.
u ! EUS qSh Sk C. Cu J v
P G. E PhUPs G zv
uhUPmk.
| C \Uv & q P u .
429
pS"SQ`Zr
T"QrT"u{O" $ ù \"pE"pz G"S"{S" X"pO"w@p_\"T"u O\"QrY"p{W"Zu\" \"p{BW": O"\"uY"z _O"s{O": Y"P"p
T"QrT"_Y" G\"pp{W": @p{SO"{W": Zpe"pv _"tY"uN "v\" {S"{Ò"p{W": {Q\"_"@Z_Y" _"tY"_Y" S"rZpG"S"z
{S"X"IF>S"z, Y"P"p \"p _"sR"pY"p X"wO"_Y" _"t{O"OT"{f"Y"_X"pf"_Y" E"S_Y" E"SpuT"G"\"v:
E"SZ[X"_"zY"puB"p"pO"v: E"S@pSO"X"{N"T"_Y"SQG"@N"v: CY"_Y" J>S"p {\"R"pS"z, Y"P"p
_\"@Y"v: _"X"s_"zV"{SR"{W"G":v _"{{S"R"u: _"X"s_Y" _"pv{ÒY"@ZN"z O"T"N"{\"R"pS"z O"O"o $
O"O_P"e"Y"u Y"P"p, O\"QrY"vZ\u " _O"s{O"{W"_O\"QpZpR"S"z {@Y"O"u O"P"p O\"QrY"\"p{BW":
_O"\"S"X"S"SY"B"{O"@O\"p{Q{O" W"p\": $ _"pv{ÒY"z O"T"N"z O"w{"qZOY"X"Z: $$ 100 $$
X"pO": {"\"u {"\"{\"qZ{"`qZ_\"T"u QrS"u @wT"pX"{Y" X"{Y" T"N"O"u T"_"rQ $
Qlz> X"QlX"{T" O"u E"ZN"pZ{\"SQ{\"SY"_O"X"_O"s _"s{R"Y"pz QY"u {\""sX"o $$
O"r\"p_"pv QlB"p QlZY"NpB"W"rZp"Y"\"O"r {S"BptM>pP"B"p`p B"sO"ZZ_"pS"SQ`Zr $
S"pY"p_"uS"p_Y"pz Y"{Q {Q {E": T"pZB"X"S"u O"Qp R"pY"p R"rZvZC"sT"QJ>r@pO"qZqZY"X"o $$
Y"pu S"pS"p{\"R""pO"@{S"T"sN": E"@u {S"V"SR"pSV"`mS"o
T"tG"pz W"tqZ X"`rW"sG"pz _"Q{_" Y"pu uW"u&{O"R"rX"pS@{\": $
Y"pu B"pvL>puf"ZQu"{QBB"G" ` dr_"p\"W"pvX"pu X"`pS"o
W">pE"pY" X"pz _" ^" {\"QR"u J>r@pz X"sQu \"p{B\"QpX"o $$
{O" drB"pvL>rY"ZpM>pS\"Y"_"EF~>pu{e"Y"\"z"G"B"pvZr@pSO"_"p\"W"pvX"W">pE"pY"{\"Z{E"O"p
pS"SQ`Zr S"pX" J>r@p _"zT"tN"p $$
Bu
u UP. zvP i ] ! u ! Pn
E ! n[S GUS A. E viP UPmh Cx
_u | Cuzv yh x[Pmk. Cu jP,
Bu Pzxx. Gv x P iux. _ UPx Cu jP
G Khzv u B w AUP \. w PUPzuUPx.
PhhUS Sv u mh\ Cu |
PUP C.
Ph, h Szu, PPu mh\ C
Bu jP .
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -101
430
S"sV"SR": $
(e"Y": pu@p {R"@O"Y"puT"WY"SO"u @p_"s{E"O"o \Y"pAY"pX"pO"w@p_"s O"pAY"pO"w\Y"pAY"pO"p:, bX"rR"Zp{Q{W": @v{"O"o \Y"pAY"pO"p" $ bX"rR"ZpE"pY"p: O"u^"pz
W"B"\"OT"pQ@O"@w O\"z S"pWY"sT"Y"{SO" $ O"P"p{T" T"pX"p{N"@vZSY"v\Y"pAY"pO"O\"pO"o, W"B"\"OT"pQ@O"w@ O\"uS"p{W"X"O"O\"p", O"u pu@p e"puT"VR"p{W"\Y"pAY"p{W": _"` T"@pY"SO"u $$)
Cn
_P[P ] EP _iP AvPPU PnU
QhUQ. A B]P A UQ. u
u AuS E Gu. u PzuP A
C G. |zuUP ] EP PzuP
Cmh G AS E Gv. Au _P[P Qhzu
EPh CnUP.
*
_"X"pS"rO":1 T"pz X"{N"X"s@s ZO"pX"XV"ZX"{N":

W"Y"pQ_Y"pSO": {_O"{X"O"2{@ZN"du{N"X"_"wN":3 $
QR"p{O"4 O\"Oe"T"{O"US"X"dpSO"{\"@E"z
{S"ZpO"z E"Sp{"G"QY"T">u`{X"\"5 $$ 101 $$
}u: 1 z oSuo:
uu: vu 2 Qnao n: 3 >
uuv 4 zzUzvau P\
{u[P \z {u [P 5 >> 101 >>
T"Y"pz T"p z z, 2. Q_Y" {BR"[_O"{X"O", Qp_Y"pSO"p[_O"{X"O"

u{Uuvu, uuvu 3. X"_"w N pz n. 4. O\"e"z
T"{O"U{O"{\"dp[SO" zzUz vu av 5. W"s\": :
1.
u : oSu z & zvzu Psti {

Ahu AP, }u: Ao: Ahu , A z &
(umk AP P k G) zu, Au: vu
Qnao n:& E AhUQU Psh Pv\ CQ, zz
_"tY": E"ZNpX"s@s Z: - viU Psti
431
Uzv | & E Pzv vzuU Pmku, Aau P\ &

ukUPu a]U Pshx, \zz {u[P & \vhx
xzu Hxux, {u [P & ux
Cuzu , uuv & PmkQx.
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
drW"B"\"OY"p: \"QS"T"{O"{V"XV"X"{`X"pS"z T"_O"pv{O" - _"X"pS"rO" {O" $ X"{N"X"s@s ZO"pz T"pz
X"{N"X"Y"pQ"T"pz bX"rz "puW"pz, _"X"pS"rO": T"p": XV"ZX"{N": _Y" W"Y"pO"o SO":{_O"{X"O"{@ZN"du{NpX"_"wN":, _\"{@ZN"_"zT"@pO"o G"B"Q{XV"@p\"QS"_Y" Bp{S"W"{\"^Y"O"r{O"
W"Y"pO"o SO": _"z@s {E"O"{@ZN"du{N"{W":, X"_"wN": {E"N": _"S"o, O\"e"T"{O"US"z QR"p{O" $
{@{X"\"? dpSO"{\"@E"z S"\"ZO"{\"@_\"Zz E"Sp{"ZpO"z, XpS"z {S"G"QY"T">u `{X"\", QT"N"rW"tO"u {QS"X"N"pv O"\" \"QS"z T"{O"{V"{XV"O"z O"_Y" QY"@X"pY"O" {O" W"p\": $
_"X"pS"rO": T"pz {O" {E"OT"pK>: $ O"\" E"ZN"pWY"pz X"s@s ZO"pz _"X"pS"rO": $ O"pQPY"u E"O"sP"r $
O"\" E"ZN"pP"| X"s@s ZO"pz T"p" OY"P": $ O"\" E"ZN"T"{O"US"Y"puBY"pu&Y"z, \"QS"T"{O"{V"XV"R"pZN"u
@p "{Z_Y" ? O"P"p{T" O"\" E"ZN">@N"Y"p \"QS"T"{O"{V"XV"z QR"pO"r{O" W"p\": $$ 101 $$
Uzv
zvzu Psti AP Ahu BP\zQ ,
Cu Pzvh umk E (AP) P ik
Gx E u Pzu UP J\ CUQa _UQU
PQ. Ax E Pzuz uh vPU PmkQ.
Psti `h Au E P vPz u Ax Ax
Cuzu BQx. E viP A{USU Pnux
G. (hu) E viP vPU Pmhz uSv
US E Pzu vUP Hx \Uv? B E \nzv
Pn AzuSv USz uQx. (101)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
_"X"pS"rO" {O" $ pQ"\"N"S"p $ ù X"pO": O"\" E"ZN"Y"puX"{`X"p, {@z \"pEY": ? O"pu&Y"z
zV"ZX"{N": _"tY": O"\" T"pz _\"T"{O"{V"XV"pP"| X"{NpX"s@s ZO"pz _"X"pS"rO": T"p{T"O":, O\"QS"T"{O"US"\Y"pG"uS" O\"QS"z QR"pO"rOY"P": $ QvOY"\Y"pX"pu`S"pY" Y"Qp e"vpuY"\Y"pT"@z "ZrZX"r@wO"z, O"Qp S"A"pB"u pQ"p@pZuN" _"tY": {_P"O" {O", _" \" {@X"Y"X"pQ"p@pZuN" {_P"O"
{O" $ Y"_O"\" E"ZN"Y"pu: G"C"SY"p\"Y"\"Y"pu:\" T"{O"{V"XV"R"pZN"u Y"puBY":, O"_Y"pSY"p>pW"t^"N"\"QS"T"{O"{V"XV"R"pZN"u @pu&{R"@pZ: @p \"p "{: ? O"P"p{T" O"\" E"ZN"_"zT"@_Y" Y"z
432
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -101
X"{`X"p Y"O"o O\""ZN"X"pe"z _"u\"X"pS"pu&{T" T"ZX"pu"T"Q\"rz T"p{T"O":, E"ZN"Y"puBY"pu&{T"

\"QS"Y"puBY"pu G"pO": $ {\"ZpuR"pW"p_"pu&{T" $ Y": T"puBY": _" \"QS"Y"puBY": @P"{X"{O"$ _"X"pS"rO":
T"p{X"{O" {E"OT"pK>: $ O"Qp O"s pQ" \" \"NY"O"u $ ù X"pO": Y"X"pQ"pu
W"\"O"rX"{N"X"s@s ZO"pz T"pz "puW"pz _"X"pS"rO"pu&XV"ZX"{N": $ {@X"XV"ZX"{N"Zu\"pQ"T"O"pz T"pTY"
O\"e"T"{O"US"z QR"p{O" ? S"S"s zV"ZX"N"u: A"ZO"Z{@ZN"p\"rG"pG\"Y"X"pS"X"NL>O"Y"p
@P"z O\"{zV"{S"R"pS"X"p_"pQY"uO"o $ O" p` - W"Y"pQ_Y"pSO": [_O"{X"O" {@ZN"du{N"X"_"wN":,
_Y" \"QS"_Y" W"Y"pO"o SO":{_O"{X"O"p _P"p{T"O"p u`T"R"pS"p "rO"{@ZN"du{N":, O"Y"p
X"_"wN"O"Y"p
W"p_"sZ:
$
X"X"
A"ZO"ZX"NL>_"zT"@pO"o
T"ZX"u"Zr\"QS"_Y"
T"ZX"X"R"sZ@puX"@p{SO"X"O"pu X"p @{"QT"ZpR"pu W"t{Q{O" W"Y"pO"o {\"S"Y"AY"pT"S"z @wO"z Y"{@{"O"o
@wO"X"W"Y"z, O"_X"pO"o {`X"@Z@\"QSO": T"{\"> T"p{P"\"p\"Y"\"_T"pp{W"W"tO"u^"s _T"p: O" \"
{BR"pu W"p_"sZpu G"pO": $ SO"QY"X"RY"u V"{`" _"pvXY"pu G"pO" OY"P": $ {E"O"o
W"Y"pQp_Y"_Y"pSO":{_O"{X"O"{@ZN"du{N"X"_"wN" {O" T"pK>:$ O"OT"pK>@TS"u [_S"BR"X"_"wN"T"QY"pu:
T"sS"z V"rG"X"sOT"bu "O"u {S"G"QY"@X"{X"\" $ Qz \"e"z QY"@X"{X"\"uOY"sOT"bu "p $$ Y"P"p
_\"@Y"z QY"@X"X"SO"QR"p{O" O"P"uQX"T"rOY"sT"X"p \"p T"@{X"{O" $ {@zb"N"z QY"T"z@u `z
\"e"T"z@u `z \"p $ dpSO"{\"@E"X"o $ O"Q{T" @sO":? Y"O""Sp{"ZpO">X"o $ S" {`
T"ZX"u"ZrX"sA"@X"_Y" _"tY"X"sA"@X"_Y" E" E"SpQpO"Y"puBY"O"p$ O"p\"O"p _"tY"uN " _\"QY"z
T"ZX"u"ZrX"sA"@X"RY"pS"pY" T"Y"sX"o $ O"pS"pWY"p_"Z_"\""z O"Qp@pZz W"tO\"p T"t\"puf "ZpSO"X"{N"qZO"rEF>O"rOY"sX"o $ _"X"pS"rO"u{O" T"_Y" Z`_Y"pP":- _"X"pS"rO"u{O", T"Y"pz
pSO"@tJ>pWY"pz, zV"ZX"{N": @pX"ZpG"@tJ>X"o $ X"{N"X"s@s ZO"pz X"{N"Zu\" O"uG"pu{S"\"`pdY"z,
_"s`{l S"G"Y"p: $ \"{p{p{pT"@tJ>O"p X"s@s ZO"p, {S"G"X"{NpX"s@s ZQY"QrT"z E" O"_Y"pXV"S"O"p
O"P"p T"pO": @pu @tJ>e"Y"RY"pS"u _Y" @tJ>Y"_Y" O"P"p {_O"{X"O"z _P"{B"O"z E" {@ZN"z O"_Y" duN"r
O"uS" X"_"wNpz W"p_\"Zz T"@p":, W"Y"pO"o _"z@puE"pO"o _"z@N"_P"u Y"P"p Z\"G": O"pS"o
O\"e"T"{O"US"z \"p{B\"p_"pP"\"P"p O"P"p _"`G"{\"@p_"E"SpOT"V"puR"E"Spu {S"G"QY"u
T"u`{X"\" {S"G"SX"pP"T"u`{X"\" {S"G"pSX"pP"p T"u`{X"\" \"u{O" Y"p\"O"o $ O"p":
O"pWY"pz R"wO" OY"P": $ Y"EF~O>l "X"o $$ 101 $$
BuQ
u ! E \n[P G \x? BPzv
zvPz
x[SQ
E
\n[P
zU
PstiUP. E Pzu vUQ \UQ E Pzuz
_"tY": E"ZNpX"s@s Z: - viU Psti
433
u[SQ. AP UP } H P A i E
\n|Pzv ~ Psti ` E. H Psti?
E \n G uu Azu mk vUP H A C E
Pzu vUQ. (z G hi) Czu E PU
Psti BQ E P AP vUQ. E Pk
`k E ! Gi E Su Pzu vx? E
Pzvhx x u Qna `mhz uozx | Sa]UP
Qn JPsk vUQ. EUQn[Pmk UP E P
k? Au uzxhUTk G x oh si
vUP Av. Au Su C J.
vUQ Pzuz u uPU Psh. Cu u x.
hux. \v Qn Au xhu ! u Cuzu E
vzvS mk kzxQ. Cu P] & u
vzv U&\Uv Th[PUS Ch PTh . A
\v & AU Th[P. A Cuw PTh u[SQx.
P vUP, Cuzv PTh C J EuP
vUQx. (101)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
_"X"pS"rO" {O" $ ù G"S"{S", O\"e"z {BR"{_O"{X"O"{@ZN"pdu{N"X"_"wN"z QR"p{O" $ {BR"p
b"p: {_O"{X"O"p Y"u {@ZN"p_O"u^"pz du{N": T"ZzT"Zp _"v\" X"_"wN"z O"QpOX"@{\"EFsZ> N"z QR"p{O"
R"f"u $ @P"zW"tO"z \"e"z E"SpO"o E"SX"_"pu {S"ZpO">z {S"B"O" pO"z@ T"X"p"p Y"_Y" O"f"P"p,
E"SuN"puT"XppZ{Ò"{X"OY"P": $ O"e" ùO"sX"p` - @"p"SpO"o {S"G"QY" T"u`W"s\":
{S"G"QY"X"u\" T"u`z @X"z O"_X"pQoW"t: OT"{f"Y"_Y" O"_X"pO"o Y": _\"Y"@X"pO"o G"pO": S"
O"uS" _\"puT"X"pS"z Y"sGY"O"u $ S"S"s W"pS"s\"f"uG"_\"r W"\"O"r{O", S"uOY"p` - zV"ZX"{N": Z{\":
T"p_"X"p@pSO"O\"pO"o X"{NpX"s@s ZO"pz X"{N"T"R"pS"pu X"s@s Z: O"_Y" W"p\"_O"f"p, O"pz Z"pQ"T"Q\"rX"pS"rO":$ Y"_O"s T"p_"X"p@pSO": _" @P"z \"QS"_"pXY"z W"G"u{Q{O" W"p\": $ O"pu {S"T"X"z
O\"QS"{X"OY"p` - T"sS"W"Y"pQ_Y"pXV"ZX"{N": T"{O"U{O"{\"dp{SO"{\"@E"z T"{O"U{O"_Y"
T"{O"{V"XV"_Y" Y"p {\"dp{SO": _O"s{O": O"Y"p {\"@E"z _"pup_"X"o $ Y"X"p"Y":- Y"OT"{O"O"z W"\"{O"
O"QS"sT"\"u"z @Zpu{O" pdY"X"SO"Zp S"p_Y" G"r\"S"{X"{O"$ Y"{T" \"QS"_Y" E"SpuT"X"p{_O", S"
_"tY"puT "X"p, O"Q{T" "sXW"p{QQvOY"X"QS"_"X"Y"u Zpu^"pO@ZpO"pz \"QS"_Y"p`lZpE"pY"p: $ W"p{Q\"ZQpS"_"X"Y"u _"puX"puT"X"p W"\"O"r{O" \"_P"pY"_Y" {S"{T"O"O\"p{Q{O" W"p\": $$ 101 $$
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -102
434
uzw
u ! E P m] |h { Pv \
Pshx. \v PzxUP G Px. \v Ex
Cuzvx uu mihmh. zU
PstiQ E Pzu vPz u Cuzv zxU Pu
Ek Jh mh. _ u AP uUP
PQ. AiUS A \v
SuQ. (101)
*
_"X"sOm "_P"t_O"S"W"ZX"sZ"p `{_"O"z

@J>pb"u @SQT"p:1 @{O"E"S" @QXV"s{O" \"T"s: $
`Z_Y" O\"QoW"p{SO"z X"S"{_" G"S"Y"{SO" _X" {\"X"p:2
W"\"OY"p3 Y"u W"p: T"qZN"{O"ZX"r^"p{X"Y"X"sX"u $$ 102 $$
zuzyu|a \u
Ph Pu: 1 Pv\| Puzv : >
zzv | |v : 2
z 3 Uu: nv >> (102)
1. @J>pb"\Y"pb"uT": Ph:, 2. G"S"Y"pX"p_"
3.
X"QS": | u|:
W"\"OY"pz z.
u : E & E !, :& {, z: Uu:&

Eh UuP G, A C nv:& APh k,
E: zz yu| & u[P ui
zvx. u \ & ] APx. Ph Pu: Pv\| &
PhUPs ] uP, : Puzv & Eh Ph
]ux. zzv |v & ]US APh
}u G HkzxQ.
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
P" drQu\Y"sT"p_"S"pY"p: _"pTY"UX"p` - _"X"sQoW"tO"u{O" $ ù X"u ! W"\"OY"p Y"u W"p:
{\"X"p: X"S"pu\"ppY"@X"{W": W"\""ZN"puT"p_"S"T"Zp: QXW"p{QQpu^"Z{Ò"p:, O"u^"p{X"Y"z T"qZN"{O":
Qu\"r_"pTY"X"o - u
435
T"p_"S"pY"p: T"qZN"pX": $ _"p @p? _"X"sQWo "tO"_P"t_O"S"W"Zz Z:, E"p `{_"O"z, @J>pb"u @SQT"p:
@J>pb"{\"b"uT"uN" V"`\" "r{\"O"p W"\"SO"r{O" W"p\": $ @QXV"s{O" \"T"s:, ZpuX"p"@"s{@O"z
\"T"s:, X"`pQu\"ppu@S"_"X"sQoW"tO"_"p{O\"@W"p\" {O" Z`_Y"X"o $ X"S"{_" O\"p{SO"z G"S"Y"{SO" $
\"zT"p T"qZN"{O"W"\"{O" $ O\"O_"pTY"z T"pTY" O"\"v\" _"{"R"pv _"AY" \" \"O"X"pS"p: O\"{X"\"
X"`pQu\"_Y" X"S"{_" W"p{SO" $ S"uS" T"t\"pupY"p W"p\"S"pY"p: UX"{`X"p T"{O"T"p{QO": $ e"
W"p{SO"X"pS"pZ: $$ 102 $$
Uzu
E ! Ex y UuP zu Eh E
u S h, APh Cu uP HkQ.
Pzu zu P, AQ ], P, Pu
sn, Eh[S G. C ] CPU Pn |u
}u G |Qx. E EUS AP
\Qx ] UQ. (102)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
_"X"sQWo "tO"u{O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ X"u! Y"u W"\"OY"p W"p:, O"u^"p{X"Y"z T"qZN"{O": T"qZN"pX":
T"p_"S"pY"p: U{X"OY"P": $ {@zb"N"p_O"u - {\"X"p: {\"B"O"pu&T"t\"T"pu X"pu Y"u^"pz O"u,
P"\"p QWW"{\"Z{Ò"p: $ O\"pz @pX"Y"O"pu `Z_Y" X"S"{_" O\"p{SO"z G"S"Y"{SO". Y"z {@X"s T"p\"O"r
{O" {"Y"sBX"O\"T"@pZ@W"p{SO"X"sOT"pQY"{SO" $ O\"O_"pTY"T"pY"p O\"{X"\" W"p_"O"u
Y"{X"OY"P": $ P" O\"pS"pX"T"t\"pu X"{`X"p... T"X"pO"pZz drX"`pQu\"X"{T" \Y"pX"pu`Y"O"r{O" $
W"X"u O"s _"z_@pZ _"pY"{\""u^"Q"S"p{S" {e"@pZN"p{S" $ O"e" _"z_@pZ_O"s Uv@pu"uY":$
{\"X"p:, S"uS" T"pE"rS"p_"pR"pZN"T"X"T"qZOY"pB"p{"u^"Q"S"X"o _"pY"X"p` - Y"QlZ:
_"X"sQWo "tO"_P"t_O"S"W"Zz, `{_"O"z E"p, @J>pb"{\"b"uT"\""pQS"u@u @SQT"p "r{\"O"p:, \"z
S"u@u E" OT"SO"u $ \"T"s: @QXV"s{O" @QXV"@s_"sX"V"G"tJ@> z T"ZX"{T"Y"O"X"drX"`pQu\"Q"S"p{W"G"pO"`^"\""uS" T"pQlW"tO "ZpuX"p"T"_"p{O\"@W"p\"X"o $ O"v{\""u^"N"v: O\"EF>ZrZ_"pY"X"o $ O"pS^>p X"`pQu\"pu&{T" O\"p{X"\" ^>p X"S"{_" _"SO"pu^"X"sp_"Y"{O" $
OY"sT"p_"S"pY"p: UX"o $$ 102 $$
BuQ
UP Eu. E u UuPh ]
zx {Q. Cx E . (102)
436
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -102
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
_"X"sQWo "tO"u{O" - ù W"B"\"{O", O\"Qp@pZX"u\" Y"u {S"G"p@pZz W"p\"Y"{SO", O"u A"O"s
W"X"Z@J>SY"pY"uS" O\"O_"X"pS"p {\"ZpG"X"pS"p: {e"W"s\"S"X"pu`@pqZN"pu W"\"{SO" {O"
T"{O"T"pQY"{O" $ Y"u W"\"OY"pz O\"{^"Y"u W"p W"\"{SO" O"u^"pz O\"QoRY"pS"_"zT"fY"p
O\"Qp@pZX"pT""pS"pz T"qZN"{O"G"pY"O"u $ X"sT"t\"p\"_P"_Y"p\"_P"pSO"ZB"X"S"z T"qZN"{O"_O"pX"u\"p`
- @P"zW"tO"p W"p:, `Z_Y" "XW"pu"uO"{_" X"S"{_" _"X"O"spz _"X"pS"p O"sp _"pXY"z Y"_Y"p: _"p O"pz
O\"p[SO"z O\"{X"{O" W"p[SO"z G"S"Y"SO": _"zT"pQY"SO":, X"`pQu\"pu&{T" O\"pz_O\"Qp@pZpS"o
^>p {\"^"X""Z{\"p"Y"pu W"\"{O" $ O"Qu\" {\"\"wN"pu{O", Y"P"p O"\" Zpu \"b":
_"X"sOm "_P"t_O"S"W"Zz, _"X"sQWo "tO": OY"sf"sO"Y"puQWo "tO": _P"t: T"qZN"p`\"pS"o _O"S"W"Z:
@sE"W"Zpu Y"{_X"S"o O"QuO"p"z O"P"p O"u^"pX"{T" W"\"{O" $ `{_"O"z {_X"O"z E"p {O"X"S"pu`Zz O"P"p
O"u^"pX"{T"$ T"sS": Y"P"p O"\" @J>pb"u&T"pT"Qu "u @SQT"p: @zQT"Y"{SO" @pX"pO"sZz @s\"{SO" O"u
@SQT"p:, @{O"E"S" W"\"Qu@W"p\"S"Y"p b"N"pQu\" @pX"@pu{J>>pZpu W"\"{SO" O"P"p O"u^"pX"{T"$
T"sS"Y"P"p O"\" \"T"s: "ZrZz @QXV"s{O" @QXV"_Y" T"pJ>@QXV"_Y" s{O"Y"_Y" O"O"o $ Y"P"p
W"\"OY"p: T"pJ>\"N"| \"T"s_O"P"p O"u^"pX"{T" $ O"Qu\"zW"tO"p_O"u W"p W"\"{SO" $ _" A"s RY"pS"G"{S"O":
T"qZN"pX"X"{`X"p $ "VQ\"pEY" X"`pQu\"_Y"p>{W"X"t{ O"{W": _"X"_O"G"B"pT"@_Y" _"\"e"
\"O"X"pS"p X"p bX"r: X"p"VQpP": $$ 102 $
uzw
S Pmi Sx, E mi Ex i
UuP a ] APU Psk } G UQ. Ezv
EPkzv E AxP Qx. UP Eu.
(102)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
S"S"s @P"z W"\"pS"rRY"pS"uS" V""_"zT"{f"qZOY"p"zY", W"\"pS"r V""v\", rO\"T"O"r{O"_O"e"
W"p{SO"qZ{O" X"X"P"| `Z>pSO"uS" Q"Y"S"o RY"pO"wW"uQSu " W"s{X"s{QpO"wO\"uS" W"\"pS"rz _O"pv{O"
_"X"sQWo "tO"u{O" $ W"\"OY"p VR""{@pu X"QS": `Z_Y" O\"QoW"p[SO"z O\"{^"Y"W"X"z
G"S"Y"pX"p_"uOY"S\"Y":$ W"p{SO"X"u\" Q"Y"{O" _"X"sQWo "tO"uOY"p{QS"p $ @J>pb": @SQT":
@SQT"\"SX"S"pu`pqZO\"z $ X"`pQu\"Q"S"uS" ZpuX"p"puX"uS" @s_"s{X"O"@QXV"_Y"u\" s{O"Y"_Y" O"T"s:$
ù X"u W"\"OY"p Y"u W"p: O"u^"p{X"Y"z r_\"T"p T"qZN"{O": T"qZN"pX": Uz O\"uqZOY"P": $
Y"z W"p\": $ V""T"pY"p W"\"pSY"p: rT"O"Y"p Y"u RY"pS"z @s\"{SO" O"u W"s{z W"SO"u$ Y"u O"s
Qu\"r_"pTY"X"o - u
437
_"G"pO"rY"{\"G"pO"rY"_\"B"O"W"uQ"tSY"z V""v\" W"\"pS"r{O" RY"pY"{SO" O"u X"s{z W"SO" {O" _"v^"p

T"_""p \"ZQp S"wN"pz W"\"{O" X"sY"u OY"u\"X"p{QT"sZpN"\"pY"_"X"t`pQ\"B"SO"\Y"X"o $$ 102 $$
uzu\vP
vzu (A ) P BQ. u
. su Hmhx. Eh \Uv u
Pnku } G US Hkzv. E Uu
]U Pshx Hmkz u stPU PxQ. u
stPz v P Q. Pz v Uv
Q. (102)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
T"t\"pu@u (_\"Qu`puQWo "tO"p{W": {O" pu@u ) W"B"\"OY"p: _"v\"p`z {O" W"p\"S"Y"p _"\"Q\u "puf"X"_Y"
X"`pQu\"_Y"p{T" _"X"w{z O"wN"r@wOY" V"`l@T"@p\Y"p{T"S"{"ZpY"s^": W"\"{SO" OY"sX"o $
O"_Y"v\"pP"_Y" @pE"S" {\"z"@puEY"O"u $ ù W"B"\"{O" ! O\"Qp@pZX"u\" {S"G"p@pZz W"p\"Y"[SO" A"s $
W"X"Z@J> SY"pY"uS" O\"O_"X"pS"p@pZp \" G"pY"X"pS"p: {e"W"s\"S"X"pu`S"@pqZN": W"\"SO"r{O" X"sz
P"| T" { O"T"pQY"{O" - W"B"\"OY"pz Y"u W"p: W"\"{SO" O"u ^ "pz A"s RY"pS"_"XT" Q pY"\"O\"pO"o
O"Qp@pZX"pT""pS"pX"X"r^"p{X"Y"X"u \ " T"qZNp{O": T"qZN"pX"pu G"pY"O"u $ X"s T"t \ "p \ "_P"_Y"
\"_P"pSO"ZB"X"S"z T"qZN"pX": $ O"pX"u\" T"qZN"{O"X"p` - _"X"sQoW"tO"_P"t_O"S"W"ZX"OY"SO"puf"sO"Y"p
QoB"O"uS" _P"tuS" T"qZN"p`\"O"p @sE"W"ZuN" Y"sz W"B"\"OY"sZpu \"b"_P"z, Zpu \"O_"z E" \"b""
OY"X"Z: $ `{_"O"z {_X"O"z E"p {O"X"S"pu`Zz W"\"{O" $ @J>pb"u T"pT"Qu"u, @SQT": - @z
V""pN"z QT"Y"{O" @pX"pO"sZz @ZpuO"r{O" @SQT":, V""N": @pX"pO"sZr@ZN"z @P"{X"{O" E"uO"o EY"O"u
- T"t\"| A"s G"B"Oe"Y"@zJ>@pv _"sSQpuT"_"sSQS"pX"pS"pv X"`p_"sZpv G"pO"pv $ O"Y"pu: \"ZT"p{": V""N":
_"@p"pQr"r, _"\"vZTY"p\"pX"\"RY"pv W"\"p\": SY"puSY"\"R"ùO"t {O" $ O"QP"| Qu\"p: V""N":
_P"pS"z B"O\"p _"sSQpuT"_"sSQY"puZp_@SQS"X"s\"SO": $ V""p O"Ob"N"z B"O\"p _"\"u^"s pu@u^"s
_"X"_O"_"sSQZrWY": {O"": {O"": p\"NY"pz"z pQpY" {O"puf"X"pS"pX"nrz T_"Z_"z _"w^>p
X"QS"pO"s Z pu G"pO" {O" T"s Z pN"@P"pT" p X"pNY"pO"o @SQT" _ "z c "p @pX"_Y" $ @{O"E"S""VQu S "
W"B"\"Qu@W"p\"S"Y"p b"N"pQu\" @pX"@pu{J>>pZpu W"\"{SO" OY"sz W"\"{O" $ @QXV"s{O" \"T"s:@QXV"_Y" T"pJ>@QXV"_Y" s{O"qZ\" s{O"Y"_Y" O"O"o @QXV"s{O", W"B"\"OY"p: Y"P"p T"pJ>\"N"|
O"u^"pX"{T", O" \" `Z_Y" X"`pQu\"_Y" O"spz _"X"pz O"pz O\"p[SO"z O\"p{X"{O" W"p[SO"z G"S"Y"SO":
_"zT"pQY"SO": $ X"`pQu\"pu&{T" O\"pS"o ^>p O\"Qp@pZpS"o {\"^"X""Z{\"p"Y"pu W"\"{O"
Y"Qu\"zW"tO"p: O"u W"p W"\"{SO" $ _" A"s RY"pS"G"{S"O": T"qZN"pX"X"{`X"p $ X"p"VQuS" : X"`pQu\":
438
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -103
O"_Y" X"p X"`pbX"rqZ{O" W"B"\"O"r$ >X"t{O"{W": _"X"_O"G"B"Qo\Y"pT"@_Y" X"`pQu\"_Y" _"\"e"

\"O"X"pS"p bX"r: @QXV"T"pY"p W"B"\"OY"p z" \" OY"sX"o $ : @pX":, : X"`pQu\":,
bX"r:. : E"{NL>@p {O" \"N"{S"C"NJs>: $ G"S"S"r"VQuS" {S"T"T"QuS" G"B"Oe"Y"X"pO"wO\"z, {@z
V"`lS"p V""{\"^N"spN"pz X"pO"wO\"z E" T"OY"T"p{Q $$ 102 $$
isi
uzu: G (30) _Pzv, uh A | G
uuP ]u Pu { USa
\PU Pv }sh |mP uPU Tx. S {zv
E Ezv EPkzv Eh }P BQkQ.
(UP umhu.) Phzu P\kzxu
P|uQ. u Eu P mkQ
AP. hx |[P JUP Aizx .
G G UPU Thx G . uP
skP H AP u A EQ QPhx
AP GP vzu EshUQ, Ah
A {zu u P\mh. P US.
u Ezv Psk A PiUPnUP PP
h. E vzu E UuPh ]
P\k. ""C'' u. E& Pu, D & , F& \siP.
EPzv u A zvPUS u. E & E & ] & Ax
, g\u[P, , \v, v G Gmk EhP Psh
]x & E.
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
_"X"sQWo "tO"u{O" $ X"u, Y"u {\"X"p: T"s^"p: W"\"OY"pz W"p: X"r^"pX"sZ: \"b":-_P"z,
_"X"sQWo "tO"_P"t_O"S"W"Zz, _"X"sO": f"sO"Y"p O": _P"t: T"qZN"p`\"pS"o _O"S"W"Z: Y"e" O"O"o $
`{_"O"z E"p X"S"pu`Zz $ @J>pb"u&T"pT"Qu "u @{O"E"S" @{O"T"Y"u @SQT"p: @pX"p:, \"T"s: "ZrZz
@s_"s{X"O"@QXV"s{O" T"Us @QXV"p@pZz ZpuX"p"Y"s{X"OY"P": $ Y"z T"qZN"{O": T"qZN"pX":,
O\"p_O\"mT"p W"\"SO"r{O" W"p\": $ O"pu `Z_Y" {"\"_Y" X"S"{_" {E"f"u X"QS":
@SQT"_O\"p[SO"z O\"QoW"X"z G"S"Y"pX"p_", _X"Z`Zpu&{T" O\"pS"o O\"Qp@pZpS"o ^>p
{\"^"X""Z{\"prW"\"O"r{O" W"p\": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - W"\"{O" O\"{Y" pz _X"ZN"u W"\"OY"pz
@r"u ? X"uu O@w>p X"p T"X"p O"f\"c"pS"T"p Y"_X"pf"{_X"S"o $ O@w>T"X"pG"S"@_Y"p{T"
{"\"X"S"{_" W"X"G"S"@O\"uS" {\"ZpuR"ppZ: $ X"r^"pz W"pS"pX"sZpu \"b": _P"z _P"t_O"S"_Y"
W"Zpu W"pZpu Y"_Y"p_"pv _P"t_O"S"W"Z: @pv_O"sW":, _"X"sQWo "tO"z \Y"z _P"t_O"S"W"Zz @pv_O"sW"z Y"e"
_O"s{O"{S"BpX"Y" - xv H !
439
_"X"sQWo "tO"_P"t_O"S"W"Zz, Y"p _"X"sQWo "tO": _P"tpu&{O""{Y"O": _O"S""VQAY"pO"T"pu Y"_Y"p_"pv

_"X"sQWo "tO"_P"t_O"S": dr\"O_"p>_O"z {V"W"O"r{O" _"X"sQWo "tO"_P"t_O"S"W"Z{X"OY"P": $ "u^"z
_"X"pS"X"o $$ 102 $$
Pu
u UP Eu. qzv qz
v AS ]x zv US. ( ]x
zv q QQ Pzu zu. Cx Uu
QQkQ. Pxzu , zzu AS G.
UQu. (102)
pS"SQ`Zr
_"X"sQWo "tO"u{O" $ ù X"u Y"u T"s^"p: W"B"\"OY"p W"p X"r^"pz Y"z T"qZN"{O": T"qZN"pX": $
@uOY"p` - Zpu \"b": _"X"sQWo "tO"pv _"XY"B"s"O"Y"p G"pO"pv _P"tpv {\""ppv Y"pv _O"S"pv O"Y"puW"Zpu
B"sO\"z, Y"e" O"P"p{\"R"X"o $ `{_"O"z `p_Y"z E"p X"S"pu`Zz, @J>pb"{\"^"Y"u @{O"E"S" _"zAY"pO"p:
@SQT"p: @pX"p: $ \"T"s: "ZrZz @QXV"_Y" S"rT"T"s^T"_Y"u\" s{O": "puW"p Y"_Y" O"O"o O"P"p
T"s{@O"O\"pO"o $ O" \" X"QS"pu `Z_Y" O\"p[SO"z O\"{X"{O" W"X"z O"u^"s G"S"Y"pX"p_" $ {"\"pu&{T"
O"pS^>p @pX"\""pu W"\"O"r{O" W"p\": $ G"S"Y"pX"p_" X"QS": OY"e" G"S"Y"SO": _"s\"QS"u {O"
{E"OT"pK>: _"sB"X": $$
Bu
EP E UP. (102)
*
{S"R"u {S"OY"_X"uZu {S"Z\"{R"B"sN"u S"r{O"{S"T"sN"u

{S"ZpC"pJ>1c"pS"u {S"Y"X"T"Z{E"f"v@2{S"Y"u $
{S"Y"OY"p {S"X"su {S"{A"{S"B"X"pSO"_O"sO" 3T"Qu
{S"ZpO"u {S"OY"u {S"B"X"Y"4 X"X"p{T" _O"s{O"{X"X"pX"o $$ 103 $$
{u {z {vSn }v{n
{Ph 1 b| { ]zuP 2 { >
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -103
440
{z {Uu {Q {Pu xu 3 u
{u[P {z {P 4 xv >> 103 >>
1.
{S"ZpC"pO" {Pu, 2. {S"Y"O" T"qZ{\"f"v@{uzuP, 3. _O"s{O" xv, 4.
{S"pX"Y" {\.
u:&{u & EQ Bu !, {z & Gx
] u P !, {vSn & G ]P
Psh !, }v{n & | Azxa \v uu !,
{Phb ! & xshh u !, { ]zuP {
& Pmkku uPU PxQ Ezv mk Si,
{z {Uu & v PmkmiSmhu ! {Q
{Puxuu & G E{hu[P xvUP !, {u[P !
& \P u Ezx u !, C xv A {P &
Cu Gh xv HUP.
_"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r
_\"@wO"_O"s{O"z {S"B"X"Y"{O" - {S"R"u {O" $ {S"R"rY"O"u G"B"Q_Y"p{X"{O" {S"{R":, ù {S"R"u
G"B"QpR"pZW"tO"u $ O"P"p E" X"p@NLu>Y"u - pR"pZW"tO"p G"B"O"_O\"X"u@p {O" $ {S"OY"_X"uZu,
_"\"QpS"SQ{S"W"ZpuSX"u^"_"QS"u $ S"S"s G"B"QpR"pZW"tO"p {O" T"{O"T"p{QO"X"o $ R"sS"p {S"OY"_X"uZu
OY"sEY"O"u $ _X"uZO"p "ZrZR"X":, G"B"QpR"pZW"tO"p "{Z"ZrZp $ e" T"t\"puf"Z_"zV"puR"S"Y"pu:
T"Z_T"Zz {\"Zpu R " OY"O" p`- {S"Z\"{R"B"s N " {O" $ {S"Z\"{R"B"s N "u , {S"Z\"R"Y":
_"z A Y"pO""{{\"p_"p: B"s N "p: Y"_Y"p W"pS"s B " ` "ZrZpY"p: $ _X"u Z p {E"SOY"T"p
pR"pZ"{O": "ZrZu{O" S" {\"ZpuR": $ Y"{Q W"pS"sB"`pY" "ZrZT"qZB"`:, O"{` W"O"u^"s O"pZO"XY"z
@sO": ? @{"pG"p, @{"OT"W"s:, @{"qZ:, @{"{Z OY"O" p` - S"r{O"{S"T"sN"u {O"$
S"r{O"{S"T"sN"u, S"rO"pv {S"T"sN"u $ Y"p"pu Y"_Y"pS"sB"` {E"O": S"p{\"p_"z\"{O"O"O@X"pS"sV":,
O"pB"S"sB"`: $ O"{` @X"T"pZO"SeY"z W"B"\"OY"p:, S" O"s _\"pO"SeY"{X"{O" _X"Qp{Q\"O"o _"p G"pO"p
OY"e"p` - {S"ZpC"pJ>c"pS" {O" $ pC"pJ> Y"f"pT"qZX"pN"C"J>S"p, {S"ZpC"pJ>pu&A"NL>:, O"p"
_"z{\"Qlp_"T"u, _Y"p: _"p{"RY"\""pO"o O"f"EF>{_"X"\"pY"uS" O"f"O@X"pS"sB"`pu W"\"O"rOY"P":$
O"p"r @P"X"sT"p_Y"p W"\"{O", RY"pS"p{Q{W"Zp@{Y"O"sX"Y"puBY"O\"p{QOY"O" p` - {S"Y"X"u{O"$
{S"Y"X"T"Z{E"f"v@{S"Y"u, Y"u G"T"T"tG"pRY"pS"p{Q{S"Y"X"vT"p_"O"u, O"u^"pz {E"f"v@{S"Y"u, O"u^"pz {E"f"u
p{\"W"tY" T"@p"O" OY"P": $$
_O"s{O"z {S"BpX"Y" - xv H !
441
O"{` W"B"\"OY"p {S"Y"X"T"Z{E"f"v@{S"Y"T"@p"X"pS"O"p S"pSY"e"u{O" {S"Y"{O"T"ZO"Se"O"p

G"pO"p OY"O" p` - {S"Y"OY"u{O" $ {S"Y"OY"p {S"X"s O"u, rY"p {S"Y"X"T"Z{E"f"u T"@p"O"u, S" O"s
{S"Y"{O"T"ZO"Se"O"Y"p $ Y"P"p @T"lX": _"\"_"pR"pZN"pu&{T" _"u\"pT"ZpN"pz UQpO"p, S"pSY"u^"pz,
Y"P"p \"p _"tY"pu G"pQpv {S"X"u \"_O"s{S" T"{O"{V"XV"O"u, S"pSY"e", O"uS" S" _"tY"_Y"
{S"Y"{O"T"pZO"SeY"z, O"P"u{O" W"p\": $ O"_Y"p Qu\"O"pY"p: _"p\"u {@z T"X"pN"{X"OY"O" p` {S"{A"u{O" $ {S"{A"{S"B"X"pSO"_O"sO"T"Qu, {S"B"X"pSO"p \"uQpSO"p: T"{S"^"Q:,
O"p{W"T"{b"O"T"Qu, T"{S"^"Q: T"X"pN"{X"OY"P": $ @uS" T"@pZuN" _O"sO"T"Qp, O"X"u\" T"@pZX"p` {S"ZpO"u {O" $ {S"Zpu {S"OY"u$ O"P"p E" ds{O": $ W"Y"X"b"ZX"{X"O"X"S"N\"_P"tX"{\"@pZz
@u\"z {E"SX"pe"X"Y"z V"" {O" $ \"zT"@pZuN" _O"sO"u {O" $ {S"B"X"Y" X"X"p{T" _O"s{O"{X"X"pz,
{S"B"X"Y" {S"B"X"r@s $ O"O@ZpuO"rOY"P"u {N"E"o $ \"uQ{X"\" _"\"_"zT"{O"T""z @s $ Y"P"p
\"pX"r{@\Y"p_"pQrS"pz \"pE": _X"w{O"T"sZpN"u{O"`p_"pQY": {S"B"X"\"O"o _"\"_"zT"{O"T""p_O\"Y"p
@wO"p:, O"P"p X"X"pT"rY"z _O"s{O": {S"B"X"r{@Y"O"p{X"OY"P": $ O"P"p E" @pvX"u W"B"\"OY"p \"E"S"z
{`X"\"SO"z T"{O" - \"uQT"p T"Zp "{: X"X" pu@u T"\"O"O"u $ O"Y"p{Q>p{S" @X"p{N" @s\"{SO"
_"sZ_"f"X"p: $$ Qu\"^"Y"pu ZpG"^"Y"pu \Y"p_"p{QX"sS"Y"_O"P"p $ O"v: T"N"rO"p{S" _"\"p{N"
@T"_"te"X"sA"p{S" \"v $ R"X""pT"sZpN"p{S" _"u{O"`p_"_X"wO"r{S" E" $ c"uY"p{S" \"uQ\"f"p{S" S"pe"
@pY"p {\"E"pZN"p {O" $ e" V"`l@pZN"u^"s @{@Y"pY"puB"pSX"ppQrT"@ppZ: $$ 103 $$
Uzu
u ! } EQ Bu, Gx Bu { u |
AQ P. ] a] Ehhx. Bu{
\Uvx. UuUP Gsn ua], A
i A\P, HP, PP, PU P
JmiUP Azxz uQ }v }. Pmkh &
AUP
SkUP
Emhu
&
Psh.
PmkmkUSmmk hUP hUP Psh Ezv
CxPsk AP |o Dkkzx. _P Pmkh,
Pmkkzu Cu, PP uz uu uUS
US uz u. Gv v. B
v Hv u u & Gu Pmkhu.
B A C ix. G E{zxP
UPkQ Es }. Sn. Au G Cu
xv u mkUS. (103)
442
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -103
N"pX"pu{QS"r
\"z W"B"\"O"rz _O"sO\"p _O"sO"u: T"X"pN"r@ZN"z T"pP"Y"O"u - {S"R"u {O" $ {S"R"rY"O"u _"\"|
G"B"Q_Y"pz T"pQpS"O\"p{Q{O" {S"{R": $ W"pS"pz "u\"{R"\"p $ O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{:, ù {S"R"u !
_"\"G"B"QpR"pZW"tO"u _"@up> P"T"Qu E" $ pR"pZW"tO"p G"B"O"_O\"X"u@p {O" X"p@NLuY> "u $ O"u\ "z
E"uQ,z {`ZNY"B"W": _"X"\"O"O"pB"u W"tO"_Y" G"pO": T"{O"Zu@ p_"rO"o $ _" QpR"pZ T"w{P"\"rz pz {O"
dsO"u: V""p{Q_"pR"pZNY"X"u\" _Y"p{QOY"e"p` - {S"OY"_X"uZu {O" $ {S"OY"pu&{\"S"p"r _X"uZ:
T"@p"pu Y"_Y"p: _"p {S"OY"_X"uZp {\"S"p{"T"@p"p O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{:, ù {S"OY"_X"uZu $
V""pQrS"pz O"e" O"e" _X"w{O"^"s G"SY"O\"d\"N"pO"o, W"\"QlT"p_"S"pVR"\"vW"\"O\"p", S"
{S"OY"T"@p{"O\"T"z Qu\"O\"{W"{O" W"p\": $ \"z O"{` W"\"QS"sB"`pO"o {"\"_Y" {S"OY"T"@p"pW"pO"o O"O_"pR"pZNY"z _Y"p{QOY"e"p` - {S"Z\"{R"B"sN" {O" {S"Z\"R"Y"pu&\"{R"Z{Ò"p:
Y"f"pT"qZX"pN"Z{Ò"p B"sN"p: QY"pQp{b"NY"pQY":, {"\"_Y" {e"T"sZ_"z`pZp{Q@pu^"s
"{T"QpS"pS"sB"`@pqZN"pu Y"_Y"p: _"p {S"Z\"{R"B"sN"p, {"\"_Y"pS"sB"`@pqZN"r O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{:
ù {S"Z\"{R"B"sN"u, T"Zpu&{T" "{Z{Ò": ": @O"s| S" {@"S" $ {O" SY"pY"p{Q{O" W"p\": $
Y"p, {S"Z\"R"Y"pu&\"{R"Z{Ò"p: S"SO"B"sN"p: T"p_"@pS"p{X">pP"T"QpS"pY" @{T"O"p{S"
T"p{N" Y"_Y"p: _"p, T"p_"@pS"pz @pY"pP"| V""N"pu T"@T"S"p $ T"_P"pS"pz Qu\"O"pS"pz
T"z
s Y"pp{Q@T"S"p $ {O" _X"wO"uqZ{O" W"p\": $
S"S"tT"p{_"O"pS"pz {\"RY"p{QX"tO"rS"pX"u\" >pP"QpO"wO\"pO"o, {@X"S"uS"u{O" S" \"pEY"X"o $
{\"RY"p{QT"uN" _"\"e" O"f"QlT"p_"@pS"pX"r"Z_Y"v\"up> P" QpO"wO\"pO"o $ z {` B"rO"p_"s - Y"pu
Y"pu Y"pz Y"pz O"S"sz W": dY"p{E"O"s{X"EF>{O" $ O"_Y" O"_Y"pE"pz dpz O"pX"u\" {\"QR"pXY"`X"o $ _"
O"Y"p dY"p Y"s_O"_Y"pZpR"S"X"rÒ"u $ W"O"u E" O"O": @pX"pS"o X"Y"v\" {\"{Ò"pS"o {` O"pS"o
{O" $ V"pQZpY"Nppu&{T" _"te"Y"pX"p_" UX"O": T"T"f"uqZ{O" $ S"S"s V""p{QT"uNpuY"X"u\"
>pP"Qpe"r E"uO"o, @pu&Y"X"sT"p_"@u^"s O"pZO"XY"W"p\":, O" p` -S"r{O"{S"T"sN"u {O" $ S"rO"pv
Y"P"p`| O"f"QlT"p_"@pS"pz @u\"pS"pz O"ZO"X"W"p\"_"{Ò"pS"pz E" >pP"T"QpS"u {S"T"sN"u ! S"vT"sNY"\"{O"
_"\"u^ "pX"{T" Qu\"r >pP"QpS"T"ZpY"N"v\" $ @e" O"Q_"X"w{:, _"X"w{ZSY"e", _"X"w_"X"wr
E"puT"p_"S"pY"pz \"v@Y"pW"p\"\"v@Y"pWY"pX"u\"u{O" W"p\": $ Y"p S"r{O"qZ{O" s"X"RY"Y"@pZpu&Y"z
R"X"pR"X"\"pE"r {S"Y"{O""VQ: $ {S"Y"O"r R"X"pR"X"p\"S"s_"wOY" {S"T"sN"u G"B"O_"G"S"T"ZpY"N"u $ O"
\" _"sA"Ql:A"p{Q\"v{E"eY"Y"sG"B"O_"G"S"u, S" \"v^"XY"S"vC"wN Y"Qpu^"pT"{f"Q\u Y"p {O" W"p\": $ O"
\"puz BprO"p_"s - S" X"u u^Y"pu&{_O" S" {T"Y": $ {O" $ V"pQZpY"N"pu&{T" _"te"Y"pX"p_",
443
\"v^"XY"S"vC"wN Y"u S", _"pT"ub"O\"pO"o, O"P"p{` Q"Y"{O" {O" $ \"z E"uSX"sG"S"O"pvY"z _Y"p{QOY"O"
p` - {S"ZpC"pJ>c"pS" {O" $ {S"ZpC"pJz> {S"ZB"z c"pS"z Y"_Y"p:, O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{:$
A"NL>_"z{\"Qlp_"_\"T"u, _"\"{_X""{T" \"v^"XY"S"vC"wN Y"pW"p\"uS" _"X"{>Y"s OY"P": $
\"z{\"R"p Qu\"r @se" \"p {S"\"_"O"rOY"e"p`- {S"Y"X"T"Z{E"f"v@{S"Y"u {O" $ {S"Y"X"T"Zp:, S" duY"pu
{S"Y"X"z {\"S"u{O" SY"pY"pO"o G"T"T"tG"pRY"pS"p{Q{S"Y"X"p_"p:, O"u^"pz {E"f"pSY"u\" @pu X"sAY"pu
{S"Y"pu Y"_Y"p:, O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{:, ù {S"Y"X"T"Z{E"f"v@{S"Y"u ! W"u`{S"Y"p
OY">pfu "Z"O"S"pX"pu{: $ O"{` {S"Y"X"T"pZO"SeY"z _Y"p{QOY"O" p` {S"Y"OY"p {S"X"s
{O" $
{S"Y"X"T"pZO"SeY"Z{Ò"u $ {@SO"s W"pS"sB"`pY" O"e" T"pQlW"tO " OY"P": $ Y"p {S"Y"OY"p {S"Y"X"uS"
{S"X"s
u , Y"P"p @T"\"wb"@pX"R"uS"sT"W"wO"rS"pz Qu\"pS"pX"u\"up> P"T"QpS"{S"Y"X":, O"f"\"
_"X"_O"G"S"\"O_"pY"p >pP"QpS"u {S"Y"X"pu S"p_O"rOY"P": $ \"z{\"R"p Qu\"r @se" T"{O"T"pO"u,
O"O_"p\"u E" {@z T"X"pN"{X"OY"p` - {S"{A"uOY"p{Q $ {S"{A"v{S"B"X"pSO"v: \"uQpSO"v: _O"sO"z T"Qz
_P"pS"z T"Qu zC"r \"p, O"_Y"p: _"zV"s{:, _"X"_O"\"uQpSO"T"{O"T"pp OY"P": $ O" \" {S"ZpO"z@u
W"Y"Z{Ò"u, W"Y"z \"v V"" {O" dsO"uqZ{O" W"p\": $ ù {S"OY"u ! R"s\ "u ! _"X"_O"{S"OY"pS"pX"@Qu\"r_\"T"u \"p ù Qu{\" $$
Y"p ù {S"R"u QY"p_"X"s,u {S"OY"_X"uZu {S"ZSO"Z`p_"X"sA"O"Y"p W"pY"pEI"pQpvX"sA Y"Z{Ò"u,
{S"Z\"{R"B"sN"u S"SO"QY"pQp{b"NY"p{QB"sN"Y"su S"r{O"{S"T"sN"u SY"pY"X"pB"\"{O"G"S"pS"sZpB"\"{O"{S",
{S"ZpC"pJ>c"pS"u {\"c"pO"W"G"S"{E"f"u, {\"c"pY" E" {S"Y"X"T"Z{E"f"v@{S"Y"u, Y"pu {S"Y"X"T"Zpu
W"\"OY"_X"p": O"{"f"u {S"OY"\"p_O"\Y"u, {_P"O\"p E" {S"Y"OY"p {S"X"s
u T"qZ{X"O"up> P"Qp{Y"{S", {S"{A"{S"B"X"pSO"_O"sO"T"Qu _"X"_O"{S"B"X"pB"X"_"zT"{O"T"pu $ {S"OY"u ! Qu{\" ! X"X"
OY"SO"z W"\"O"rz W"G"O" pOX"S":, X"pz W"\"O"rX"{R"@wOY" @wO"pz _O"s{O"X"{T" _O"pue"X"{T"
{O"{\"_""rX"T"rOY"P":$ {S"B"X"Y" {S"B"X"r@s W"B"\"OY"p {S"B"X"T"{O"T"pO\"pO"o,
W"\"OT"{O"T"pQ@uS"pS"uS" B"SP"uS" {S"B"X"rW"p{\"O"p\"Y"XW"p\"pO"o _X"pS"S"sB"w X"pz _O"s{O"X"{T"
W"\"OT"{O"T"pQ@{S"B"X"O"sY"pz @s{\"OY"P": $ Y"P"p W"\"QS"sB"`_"zT""@{\"O"p\"O"pZ\Y"p_"\"pX"r{@@wO"T"sZpN"@p\Y"p{QT"V"SR"p: \"uQ\"O"o _"\"_"zT"{O"T""p: @wO"p:, O"P"p W"G"O"pu
X"X"pT"rX"pz _O"s{O"z _"\"_"zT"{O"T""pz T"X"pN"W"tO"pz E" {\"R"u`rOY"{W"_"{SR": $ O"P"p E"puz @tX"T"sZpN"u
{`X"\"SO"z T"{O"z W"Bp\"OY"p - \"uQT"p T"Zp "{: X"X" pu@u T"\"O"O"u $ O"Y"p {Q>p{S" @X"p{N"
@s\"{SO" _"sZ_"f"X"p: $ _"sZ^"Y"pu ZpG"^"Y"pu \Y"p_"p{QX"sS"Y"_O"P"p $ O"v: T"N"rO"p{S" _"\"p{N"
@T"_"te"X"sA"p{S" E" $ R"X""pT"sZpN"p{S" _"u{O"`p_"_X"wO"r{S" E" $ c"uY"p{S" \"uQ\"f"p{S" S"pe"
444
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -103
@pY"p {\"E"pZN"p $$ {O" $ {S"B"X"Y"uOY"e" O"O@ZpuO"r{O" {N"E"o $ @u{E"f"s {S"B"X"Y" d\"N"T"P"z

T"pT"Y" OY"pQZuN" _"p\"R"pS"p _"O"r wN"s {O" \Y"pE"b"O"u $$ 103 $$
Anv
EQ Bu ! \[P{v z{v u
A ! A J Psh ! (v iu
A J.) u us u ]u PnUP
Sn[P ! ]US v u |UPiP
\Uvzx Eu. EP u zvP Psk
Eu ! A \u mh H Ax
mi }vh \h ! u & Au[P Jmi
P h ! u {zxh
Ezv ] ! Gu {zvS Emhu !
uiPzv u Chzu ({)U Pmi !
! {z ! G Cu A iUS \x
\kzxU Pm.
UP & uUPh ! Uuh P
h ! |U PhiUQ UPh A !
AhUP Ezv ! uh AuP
[S ! {zv ! Cuz xv z xvP Ex
H. Cu xvu AUPh Pm. (103)
pS"SQ{B"ZrY"p
X"pz X"E"S"pZp&&{\"W"tO "pz _\"rY"pz _O"s{O"z ds{O"_X"wO"r{O"`p_"T"sZpN"p{Q\"O"o
T"E"ZQ\"_P"pz @s{\"{O" T"pP"Y"O"u - {S"R"u {O" $ ù {S"R"u X"X"pT"rX"pz _O"s{O"z {S"B"X"Y" T"sZpN"p{Q\"O"o
_"\"\"Spz _"\"pQZN"rY"pz @s $ {S"R"u "u\"{R"_\"T"u $ T"ZX"u"Zr {` V""N": "u\"{R": $ O"P"p E"
ds{O": {\"p ` \"v V"p"N"X"pG"B"pX" B"puT"pY" X"p "u\"{R"u&> `X"_X"r {O" $ V""N"p _"\"p {\"p
e" {S"R"rY"SO"u {O" V""N": _"\"{\"pX""t{^"@p O\"z O"s _"\"{\"p{S"R"pS"W"tO"p $ Y"pX"u\" {\"pz
_\"uEF>Y"p T"@p"Y"{_" _"v\" T"@p"O" {O" {\"pT"@p"u O"\" _\"pO"SeY"X"T"r{O" W"p\":$ P"\"p
{S"R"u G"B"{"R"u _"\"pNY"{T" G"B"{SO" T"Y"u @pZN"pOX"S"p Y"e" {S"R"rY"SO"u $
{e"W"s\"S"_"f"p\"_P"pT"pQS"W">pqZ@u $ S"S"s \"uQp{Q{\"pS"pz "VQV""T"O"Y"p "pT"pS"sB"`_"pX"PY"pO"o, O"OT"{O"W"J>O\"uS"v\" _Y"pz _O"sO"pv T"@pY"X"pS"pY"pz O"uWY"pu W"Y"_"zW"p\"S"pY"pX"p` {S"ZpO"u $ {S"B"O"p pO"p Y"_Y"p: _"p O"O_"zV"puR"S"X"o $ O"\" @_X"pY"z, O\"f"pu&SY"{O@X"{T"
S"p{_O" $ O"P"p E" ds{O":- {O"rY"pv W"Y"z W"\"O"r{O" $ S" O"u \"uQp {O"rY"p: $ _"\"p {\"p_O"\"v\"
445
W"uQp: $ O"pWY": @p "p ? O"QlO"z {\"p: _"X"_O"p_O"\" Qu{\" W"uQp: $ \"pIF>{SO" {@"
\"uQp {T" O\"pX"u\" _O"s\"SO": _\"T"@p"pP"| O\"SX"sA"X"u\"ppu@Y"SO"r{O" p`
{S"{A"{S"B"X"pSO"_O"sO"T"Qu- {S"{A"p" O"u {S"B"X"pSO"p" O"v: _O"sO"u T"Qu E"ZN"pv Y"_Y"p: _"p
O"O_"zV"puR"S"X"o$ T"{S"^"f"pOT"Y"T"u $ S"S"s X"X"p{T" @pE"S" {S"Y"{O"T"p "{: _\"O"Se"p
{S"Y"p{X"@p \"O"O"u, _"puX"_"tY"pQrS"p{X"\" $ O"P"p E" ds{O":- W"r^"p_X"ppO": T"\"O"u $ W"r^"puQ{u O"
_"tY": $ W"r^"p_X"pQ{""uS" $ X"wOY"sR"p\"{O" T""X" {O"$ O" p`-{S"Y"OY"p {S"X"s
u $
{S"Y"OY"p&{S"Y"XY"u _\"O"Se"u $ EF>pS"sT"@pY"@O"wO \"X"u\"pSO"Y"p{X"O\"X"o $ _"\"{S"Y"p{X"@pY"p_O"\" @p {S"Y"{O":? P"\"p @pZT"û "uNp {S"Y"OY"p {S"X"
s u , {S"Y"{O"W"pBY"z P"\"p
_"\"_"pvW"pBY" _"sSQZr X"X" _O"pue"{S"B"X"S"uS" @{O"_"pvW"pBY"X"TY"r@s{\"OY"P": $$
S"S"s _"\"pSO"Y"p{X"O"Y"p {_P"{O"{S"Y"X"pW"p\"pO"o _"\"e" @P"z _O"s{O"{S"B"X"S"rY"p,
_"\"u^ "pX"Y"puBY"O\"pO"o $ O" p`- {S"Y"X"T"Z{E"f"v@{S"Y"u, _"OY"z Y"{T" _"\"pSO"Y"p{X"T"p,
O"P"p{T" O"e" \Y"p{"Y"X"o $ T"QrT"\"O_"pX"pSY"\Y"p{"{\""u^"\Y"p{"" $ O"e" _"pX"pSY"\Y"pY"p
_"\"e" \"O"X"pS"O\"u&{T" {\""u^"\Y"pY"p O"s \"N"@QY"u^\"u\" @wO"p{R"\"p_"p OY"p` {S"Y"X"T"Z{E"OO"v@{S"Y"u $ {S"Y"X"p: "ppup:, O"OT"Zp{N" Y"p{S" {E"f"p{S", O"pSY"u\"v@z
{S"Y"X"\"_P"pS"z Y"_Y"p: _"p $ Y"P"p T"QrT": T"W"pT"uN" B"w`puQZp{Q \Y"pT"n\l ""{T",
@{@pT"uN" O"s QrT"pSO"Zu\" \"O"O"u O"P"p O\"X"T"rOY"P": $ \"X"\"_P"pS"z _"z@puE"\"O"o $ _"z@puE"pu
S"p_O"rOY"p` - {S"ZpC"pO"c"pS"u pC"pO": T"{O"V"SR":, O"{Ò"c"pS"u $ S"S"s
c"pS"_Y"pTY"_"z@s {E"O"O\"pO"o {S"Y"{O"{S"Y"XY"O\"pW"p\"p" T"ZX"u"Z @p@pZz \"p SY"p"X"u\"
\"p G"B"O"o {@{X"{O" S" @Zpu{O"$ O"e"p` - S"r{O"{S"T"sN"u O"f"OT"p{N"S"pz T"pE"rS"@X"T"Y"ppuE"S"Y"p
@X"pS"s_"pqZ_"w{>{\"ZE"S"uS" \"uQX"pB"Zb"N"u S"r{O":, O"e" {S"T"sN"p E"O"sZp $ Y"{T" T"ZX"u"Y"p:
_"\""{X"f\"z \"O"O"u, O"P"p{T" T"pE"rS"@X"pS"sZpuR"uS"v\" _"w{>ZE"S"u{O" $ {S"Z\"R"Y"pu&S"SO"p B"sN"p
{S"OY"p \"p B"sN"p: Y"_Y"p: _"p $ O"_Y"p: _"@_"z_"pZ{\"ZE"S"u&{T" T"qZdX"pW"p\"X"p` {S"OY"_X"uZu $ {S"OY"X"S"pZO"z _X"uZz `p_Y"z Y"_Y"p: _"p Y"P"p `p_Y"u {@Y"X"pN"u S" dX": $ \"z
`p_Y"uS"v\" _"\"| @X" @Zpu{O" dX"pW"p\"pO"o $ O"_X"pO"o Y"P"p \Y"p_"p{Q@wO"T"sZpN"u{O"`p_"pQY"pu
{S"B"X"\"O"o _"\"e" T"{O"T""p: O\"Y"p @wO"p: O"P"p X"X"p{T" @O"\Y"p $
\Y"p_"p{Q@O"w@ T"sZpN"p{QT"\"wf"pv O\"X"u\" @pZN"X"o $ O"Qlz @tX"u - \"uQT"p T"Zp "{: X"X"
pu@u T"\"O"O"u $ O"Y"p{Q>p{S" @X"p{Np @s\"{SO" X"s{S"_"f"X"p: $ Qu\"^"Y"pu ZpG"^"Y"pu
\Y"p_"p{QX"sS"Y"_O"P"p $ O"v: T"N"rO"p{S" _"\"p{N" @T"_"te"X"sA"p{S" \"v $ R"X""p_e"pT"sZpN"p{S"
_"u{O"`p_"_X"wO"r{S" E"$ c"uY"p{S" \"uQ\"f"p{S" S"pe" @pY"p {\"E"pZN"p $$
446
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -103
{S"R"u {O" T"_T" Z`_T"pP":- {S"OY"_X"uZu \"pBW"\"@tJz,> {S"Z\"{R"BpsNpu @pX"ZpG"@tJ>z

S"r{O"{S"T"sN"u T"N"\":, {S"ZpC"pO"c"pS"u T"N"\":, {S"Y"X": T"N"\":, {S"X"s
u "{@tJ>X"o $ O"P"p
_\"O"Se"O"Se"u - \"pBW"\": T"P"X"p Qu\"r T"N"\"pSO": T"@{O"O": $ @pX"ZpG"pu R"\s ": "{:
T"N"\"_O"QS"SO"ZX"o $ Y"z _"\"p_"sSQZr {\"p {O"rY"p W"\"{O" $ {O"rY"p E" X"`p{\"p
T"p
u p _"\"p_"sSQZr $ B"puT"S"rY"p T"Y""uS" W"X" T"pN"p: {T"Y"p Y"{Q $ T"se"pWY"pz E" S" \"p \"pEY"p
@pu{J>": "T"P"pSX"X" $ {O"T"rOY"p _"X"sz O"u Zb"N"rY"p _"sB"s\"O"o $$ e"
_"\"p_"sSQZrG"pT"@_Y" {S"Ûz G"T"O"pu {S"Y"X"p{S"Y"X"pu S" >: $ Y"P"p_"sA"z G"T": $ W"\"O"r
X"pO"w@pX"Y"r, \"E"S"p{S" O\"SX"Y"p{S", O\"Y"p X"pO"w@pX"Y"z G"B"O"o _"zB"s"X"Se"@P"S"uS" O\"Y"p T"sZp
_"\"X"S"s@w O"z _"\"X"Se"@P"S"z @wO"X"o $ O"Qu\" O"O"o b"SO"\Y"z, S" X"X" Qpu^": $
OY"p{Q\"N"b"X"pT"N"QY"X"o $ @tz puz `mz _"tz puz $$
BuQ
UPmhu. \[PPzu u \P u
xv u v u UP Ah |h
Chi AskQ. a zv {v.
zPzv {v. A ua\P kzxQ z
EQ UQ Ch. EPzx zv S Pn
{ Ch {vP UP Q. Q CUPUS
Pn A. \u u u uP h A
|. Ax xP ux Cx. zP Azx Ax
zvu[P. u u xUPzvS A Asi {Qx. EP
Azx Ax Pmkmi. A GuS Pmkhu. {v & v
Gku Ax Pmkmi E. U[P Ax
{P. \v[P vzu {zu P Ezv
Gx C. w J k x Au v wzv
vu u[Q {S u uh A EQ {v
US, Gx ]h EQ {Q.
Au } Cu xv h H EQ UQ UP Ez xvUP
Cu kzv |ha \.
Cu _P P] Gx ] & UTh. {v
Sn & PTh, }v{n & K[P, {Pub & \UvTh &
[Pu vx. u ux. T K
K G Cu P]. (103)
O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r
{S"R"u {O" $ ù T"ZX"u"qZ O"\" _"@_"w{>X"tpS"pz T"se"pN"pz T"se"rN"pz _"w{>: O\"Y"p @wO"p $
447
T"se"p: _"tY"X"QS"B"pu{\"SQbX"r`z_"u"ZT"\"S"X"`pQu\"QlB"p@p_"Z_\"OY"pAY"p: O\"QT"OY"\"B"p:

T"{_"p \" $ O"u O"\"pc"pT"W"p\"pO"o O\"O_"X"pS"O\"pO"o _"`z _"`z W"p_@ZpQrS"o _"w\> "SO": $
W"\"OY"p {O"{T"Y"O"X"T"pe"p{N" O"u W"B"\"OY"p: _"{"{R"z S" T"qZOY"G"{SO" $ O"u^"s Q"_\"T"OY"u^"s
\"B"u^ "s `Zpu X"ù"Z: T"ZV""v\" dr@pX"u"W">pZ@T"z B"w`rO\"p W"B"\"OY"p S"pY"@ {O"
T"{O"T"p{QO":$ "ZrZ_Y"pTY"_Y" T"ZV""N": "ZrZT"qZB"`N"X"{T" W"\"OY"p X"pY"v\" $ O"u
@sX"pZp: T"ZX"u"ZrX"Y"p {O" @wO\"p [_X"Spu@u Q"{W": _"zV"s{T"Qv@X"uN"puEY"SO"u $$
ù {S"R"u {S"{R"T"u $ O"\" T"P"X": @sX"pZ: _"tY"pu {S"{R"EY"O"u, {S"O"Zpz R"rY"SO"u Y"_Y" X"NL>u
\"uQp {O" {S"{R": _"tY": $ O"P"p E" ds{O":- \"uQZv "tSY"{{W"Zu{O" _"tY": {O" $ _"tY"X"Se":
O\"OT"P"X"\"Np: _\"p`pSO": $ {S"OY"_X"uZu {S"OY"_X"uZp{W"AY"@pX"Qu\"_\"T"u $ @pX"Qu\"T"pu
{S"OY"_X"uZ: W"p\"`p\"{\"p_"p{QwpZE"up> _"zT""`p_"O"Y"p {S"OY"_X"uZ: @pX": O"_Y" X"Se"pu
{O"rY"pu \"N": $ T"sS"{S"Z\"{R"B"sN"u, S"SO"B"sN"B"XW"rZT"s^"puf"X"_\"T"u$ {\"^N"pu:
A"\"S"SO"\"pEY"O"p T"{_"p $ SO""tSY"pu&S"SO":, O" \" {S"Z\"{R"B"sN"pu {\"^N"s: O\"f"wO"rY":
@sX"pZ:, O"_Y" X"Se"_O\"{pO"wO"rY"E"O"sP"pv \"N"pv $ T"sS"S"r{O"{S"T"sN"u S"r{O"{S"T"sN"p
bX"r_O"mT"p _"p A"s bX"r: ZpG"R"pSY"pz A"uSO"r$ O"_Y"p"p"Y"Qpu^"T"qZ`pZpP"|
S"r{O""pz T"\"O"O"u $ S"r{O"z ^>p {_P"Zp, S"r{O"z ^>p T"pY"O"u $ O" \" S"r{O"{S"T"sN"p
@X"p O"_Y"p X"Se"_O\"{pY"p: T""X"\"N" \" $ T"sS"{S"ZpR"pZc"pS"u, {S"ZpR"pZz E" O"O"o
c"pS"_\"T"z V"" _" \" @pX"u"Z: Y"_Y"p \"W"O\"uS" \"O"O"u _"p {S"ZpR"pZc"pS"p O\"X"u\" $ O"_Y"
X"Se": ^">_""X"\"N"pv $ T"sS"{S"Y"X"T"Z{E"f"v@{S"Y"u - {S"Y"X"T"Zp Y"pu{B"S": O"u^"pz {E"f"z @pu
{S"Y"pu Y"_Y" _": X"`p{_"{T"Qpu \"pY"sW"\"OY"u\" O"O_\"T"u $ \"pY"pu: Y"pu{B"{E"f"{S"Y" {O"
_"zc"p $ O"pu&Y"z ^">: T"se": Y"s^X"SX"Y":, O"_Y" X"Se"pu Y"s^X"{p>X"\"N":, O"O_\"T"u $$
T"sS"{S"Y"OY"p {S"X"s
u , {S"Y"{O"O\"uS" {S"X"s
:, {S"Y"O"E"u{>O": _\"O"Se"pu
pu@{\"\"u^"pu X"`pQu\" \" _""X": O"\" T"se"pu&Y"X"o, O"O_\"T"u $ O"_Y" X"Se"pu&{T"
O\"{pS"\"X"Q"X"\"N"pWY"pX"sOT"": $
T"sS"{S"{A"{S"B"X"pSO"_O"s{O"T"Qu.
{S"{A"p
{S"B"X"pSO"p: \"uQpSO"p \" _O"s{O"T"Qp{S" Y"_Y": _"p O"P"pup $ _"\"\"uQpSO"v: T"@w {O"Zu\" _O"tY"O"u $
T"@w {O"T"p QlB"p O\"X"u\" $ O"_Y"p X"Se"_O\"{v@pQ"\"N": $ T"sS"{S"ZpO"z@u {S"B"O" pO">pu
SG"{S"O"Ql:A"z Y"_Y" _": O"P"p V""p _"\"Qp _"w{>T"ZpY"N": V""pNLu> \"O"X"pS":, O"mT"u, _"
O"\" S"\"X": T"se": $ O"SX"Se"_O\"{ppQ"e"Y"puQ"\"N"Y"puOT"": $ T"sS": {S"OY"u, _"\"u^ "s
pu@u ^"s _P"p\"ZG"X"u^"s X"`pW"tO"u^"s _"z`pZ@pu S">û "s, {\"S"p"_\"{T"N"r V""T"p
448
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -103
{S"OY"uOY"sEY"O"u $ _"\""VQX"Y"r _"\"\Y"p{T"S"r _"Z_\"OY"u\"p{\"S"p{"O\"Zp{"OY"u{O" _"\"e"

T"{_"X"o $ \"N"pOX"@p" Y"u "VQp {S"OY"p: _"\"B"O"p" O"u $ T"wP"B\Y"O"Y"p O"u O"s S" B"sN":
@_Y"{E"SX"O"u {O" $ O"P"p E" ds{O":- E"O\"pqZ \"p@o T"qZ{X"O"p T"QpS"rOY"p` $ \"zT"@pZuN"
"VQX"Y"r _"Z_\"O"r {S"OY"v\" $ _"p O"s {S"OY"O\"pf"\" Ql{Ò"u{O" \"rZpB"X"T"{_"{: $ O"{p O"s
O\"{pY"pz E"O"sQ "T""pQ"pb"ZX"YY"u\" $ \"zW"tO"v: T"se"v: T"se"r{W"" T"T""u "ZrZu _O"tY"X"pS"u
O"O_O"s{O"E"ST"rY"t^"T"pS"O"w"p O\"z X"X"p{T" O"\" E"ZN"{@>Z_Y" X"pz _O"s{O"z {S"B"X"Y" {S"O"Zpz
B"X"Y" d\"N"T"P"z T"pT"Y"u{O" Y"p\"O"o $ e" {S""VQ_"t{E"O"uS"p{O"pY"uS" d\"N"T"pT"N"X"\"R"pS"T"t\"@z
W"\"{O\"OY"p"z_"p puOY"O"u $$
uzw
u ! EP hUP Bv PP & , u, Pu,
, a, , u, xP, P, w
GzxuP hzu. AP E Bn uzu
BUPnUP UP . CP E ASPuQ
E {v mk Sv. PaQ E |P.
E E x E . Cu zx uP
zx a\P C[S AUPkQ.
{v. u {z, {v Sn, Pu G q.
}v {n & . {ub & Pa, {]zuP{ & .
{z{Uu & u. {Q {Puxuu & xP, {u[P &
, {z & A . CP E
vzv, 1,2,3&4, 5, 6&7, 8, 9&10, 11, 12&13, 14&15, A[P, Cu g\u\
i } Cu xv A PxPUS Gmki \. (103)
T"QpP"E"{S@p
\"z {\"_O"ZO": @wO"pz _O"s{O"z V"pAY"p{W": _"XV"puR"Y"S"o W"\"pS"rz dp\"Y"{O" - {S"R"u {O" $
ù {S"R"u W"uWY"pu&T"u{b"O"QpS"u&{T" T"p{Q{S"{R"\"QqZu OY"P": $ {S"OY"z _X"Y"O" {O"
{S"OY"_X"uZp O"O_"zV"puR"S"z O"P"p $ {S"OY"{X"{O" T"pKu> {S"OY"z _"\"@pz _X"uZu ^"p_Y"Y"su , {S"ZSO"Zz
V""pS"SQp{\"W"p\"pO"o $ {S"Z\"{R"B"sN"u&S"SO"B"sN"u, {S"ZpC"pO"c"pS"u {S"OY"c"pS"u, {S"Y"O":
T"qZ{\"f"X"u@pu X"sAY"pu {S"Y" pdY"pu Y"_Y"p: _"p O"P"p O"O_"zV"puR"S"X"o $ {S"Y"X"T"Z{E"f"u{O" T"pKu>
{S"Y"X"T"Zp: @wEF~p> {Q\"O"T"Zp c"p{S"S"_O"u^"pz {E"f"X"u@pu X"sAY"pu {S"Y"pu Y"_Y"p: _"p O"P"p
O"O_"zV"puR"S"X"o $ W"\"pSY"p: _"\"{E"f"{S"Y"O\"{\"c"pS"p{W"T"pY"uN"v\"X"sX"o $ {S"Y"OY"p Qv\"uS"
{S"X"
s u {S"OY"X"sO\"pO"o $ {S"{A"{S"B"X"pSO"_O"s{O"{W": T"O"u c"pY"O" {O" {S"{A"{S"B"X"pSO"_O"s{O"T"Qp O"O_"zV"puR"S"z O"f"P"p $ {S"B"X"pSO"p T"{S"^"Q: $ {S"B"O"X"pO"z W"Y"z Y"_Y"p:
449
W"pS"pz {O" {S"ZpO"p, O"O_"zV"puR"S"z O"P"p $ {S"OY"u {\"S"p"Z{Ò"u $ Y"P"p V""pQrS"pz _O"s{O"z
{S""X"Y"{_" O"P"p X"X"pT"rX"pz {S""X"Y" w{N\"OY"P": $ {S"Y"{O"{S"Y"X"pu Qu\"vqZ{O" X"u{QS"r@Z: $$
103 $$
uzu\vP
Uu u Azu u {v ! Gx
uu Gx ] ! ( u
UP.) v xv AUPh Pm. Au
Gh xv Pm. (103)
{L>{NL>X"W"p^Y"X"o
ù T"ZX"u"qZ ! _"@_"w{>X"tpS"pz O"\" T"se"pN"pz E" _"w{>_O\"Y"p @wO"p $
\"rZp\"rX"`pB"X"puT"@pZuN" W"B"\"OY"p \" G"B"SX"W"tO"pQoQù pQl{OP"O"p: _"tY"X"QS"B"pu{\"SQbX"r`z_"u"ZT"\"S"X"`pQu\"QlB"pV""_"Z_\"OY"pAY"p_O\"QT"OY"\"B"p: T"{_"p \",
O\"Qpc"pT"W"p\"pO"o _\"_"X"pS"pS"SY"pS"o _"`z _"`z W"p_@ZpQrS"o _"w\> "SO"_O"u A"s $
{@ZN"O"Se"u _"tY"p{QQ"@sX"pZ@sX"pZr\"B"pN"pX"u@v @_X"pO"o _"`{@ZN"p {OP"O"p: _"tY"p:
_"`X"QS"p" B"pu{\"SQp" bXY"" `z_"u"ZT"\"S"X"`pQu\"QlB"pV""pN": _"Z_\"OY": _"`z
_"`{X"{O" Q"_"`{@ZN"p W"_Y" _"{"@J>u _"{"R"pS"u A"u[SO" $ W"Bp\"OY"p {T"
OY"SO"T"Xu "T"pe"p{Np dr{\"pX"Se"_Y" Q"A"NL>pOX"@_Y" @v@A"NL>_Y"p{R">pS"Qu\"O"pW"tO"p
O"u _"\"Qp W"B"\"OY"p: _"{"{R"z S" T"qZOY"G"{SO", O"O_\"T"p" O"u W"B"\"O"r_\"T"p: O"u^"s
Q"_\"T"OY"\"B"u^ "s `z_"u"Z: T"ZV""v\" dr@pX"u"ZW">pZ@T"z B"w`rO\"p W"B"\"OY"p S"pY"@ {O"
T"AY"pO":, "ZrZ_Y"pTY"_Y" T"ZV""N": "ZrZT"qZB"`N"X"{T" W"B"\"OY"p X"pY"Y"v\" $ O"u Q"
@sX"pZp: T"ZX"u"ZrX"Y"p {O" @wO\"p&e" pu@u Q"{W": _"XV"s{T"Qvp: @X"uN"puEY"SO"u $$
{S"R"u {S"{R"T"u, O"\" T"P"X": @sX"pZ: _"tY"pu {S"{R"EY"O"u, {S"O"Zpz R"rY"SO"u&_Y" X"NL>u
\"uQp: {O" {S"{R": _"tY"W">pZ@: $ O"P"p E"puz dsO"pv - \"uQZv "tSY"{{W"Zu{O" _"tY": OY"p{Q $
O" \" O\"z _"tY"T"p{_" $ _"tY"X"Se": O\"OT"P"X"\"N": _\"p`pSO":$ {S"OY"_X"uZu
{S"OY"_X"uZp{W"AY"@pX"Qu\"_\"T"u$ @pX"Qu\"T": A"s {S"OY"_X"uZ: W"p\"`p\"{\"p_"p{QwpZE"up>_"XT""O"Y"p {S"OY"_X"uZ: @pX": $ O"_Y" X"Se"_O\"Qo{O"rY"pu \"N":
_\"p`pSO": $ {S"Z\"{R"B"sN"u, S"SO"B"sN"B"XW"rZT"s^"puf"X"T"{\"^N"pu: A"s S"SO"\"pEY"O"p
T"{_"p, @{_X""z"u&SO""tSY"O"p ? _"\"u^ "s B"sN"u^\"u\" SO""tSY"pu&S"SO":, O" \" {S"Z\"{R"B"sN"pu
{\"^N"s_O\"mT": O\"OO"wO"rY"@sX"pZ" $ O"_Y" X"Se"_O\"{pO"wO> "rY" E"O"sP"\"N"pv _\"p`pSO"pv $
450
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -103
S"r{O"{S"T"sN"u S"r{O"{S"T"sN"p bX"r_O"mT"u, _"p A"s bX"r: O" \" S"rO"pv {S"T"sN"p W"B"\"O"r
@X"pW">pqZ@p O"_Y"p: X"Se"_O\"{pT""X"\"N" \" \"{G"pY"pSO": $ {S"ZpR"pZc"pS"u {O"
{S"ZpR"pZz E" O"Qo c"pS"_\"T"z V"" _" \" @pX"u"Z: _" Y"_Y"p: \"W"O\"uS" \"O"O"u _"p
{S"ZpR"pZc"pS"p O\"X"u\" $ O"_Y" X"Se"_O\"{p^">_""X"\"N"p\"u\" Q`S"Q{Y"O"pSO"pv $
{S"Y"X"T"Z{E"f"v@{S"Y"u, {S"Y"X"T"Zp Y"pu{B"S"_O"u^"pz {E"f"u QY"_P"pS"u {S"Y"pu Y"_Y",
T""T"pN"p{QT"uN" $ _" O"s \Y"pu Y"pu{B"S"pX">X"`p{_"{T"Qpu \"pY"sW"B"\"pS"u\", O" \"
Y"pu{B"{E"f"{S"Y" {O" \"pY"pu: _"zc"p$ ^">p&u Y"z T"se"pu Y"s^X"SX"Y"_O\"mT": _"\"_"w{>@O"p
\"uQ{_P"O"pS"spuX"T"{O"puX"X"Se"u"Z: $ _" E" \"pY"puX"Se": S"spuX"u {\"puX"u E" O"X"u\"
T"pN"u"ZW">pZ@z T"{O"T"pQY"{O" $ _" E" X"Se" EY"O"u- Y"zT"u\"T"t ^"u{R"Q \"Qu _Y"Y"{X"Y"pX"X" R"pu
SO"u T"pu Z\"p"{\" O"pu Y"s{S" O"u z`_" S": T" T"p{E""s ^"W"t Y"pu \"p p $$ Y"z
T"{O"puX"X"Se": $ p \"pY"pu W"t^" "s{E"T"p T" S": _"`z O"u {S"Y"sO"pu {\""\"pZ $ T"pu O"u SR"pu
X"X"Y"p{X" Y"_Y" Qu\" Q{R"^"u T"t\"T"uY"X"o $$ OY"uO"p\"u\" X"Se"pv Qu\Y"p _Y"
T"Y"puB"_"z`pZ{\"{R"T"Y"spv O"_Y" X"Se"pv _\"p`pSO"pQo {\"p>X"\"N"pQo QoW"tO"pv $$
{S"Y"OY"p {S"X"s O"u, {S"Y"OY"p {S"X"s
: O" \"p{S"Y"O"E"u{>O": _\"O"Se"pu
pu@{\"\"u^"puT"T""pu X"`pQu\":, O"mT"u, _""X"_O"\" T"se"pu&Y"z, O"_Y"p_Y" X"Se"pu&{T"
O\"{pS"\"X"Q"X" \"N"pWY"pz _\"p`pSO"pWY"pX"sOT"": $ {S"{A"{S"B"X"pSO"_O"s{O"T"Qu {S"{A"p pOX"{S" {S"B"X"\"uQpSO"p \" _O"s{O"T"Qp{S" Y"_Y"p: _"p O"P"pup, _"\"\"uQ\"uQpSO"v:
T"@w {O"Zu\" _O"tY"O"u {O" T"@w {O"T"p QlB"p _O"s{O"{T"Y"p W"B"\"O"r $ O"P"p E"puO"z T"sZpN"u^"s E"{NL>@p _O"s{O"T"pKuS> " S"X"_@pZuN" W"p_@Z: $ >pZv`q Z_O"s^Y"uQ{W"^"u@u N" ">Z: $ O"
\" {S"{A"{S"B"X"pSO"_O"s{O"T"Qu {O" QlB"p S"pX" O\"mT"p $ O"SX"Se"" O\"{v@pQ"\"N":
_\"p`pSO":$ {S"ZpO"u- {S"B"O" pO"pu \"SRY"O\"G"{S"O"Ql:A"z Y"_Y" _" {S"ZpO": V""p,
_"\"pu& {T" O"p\"O"o T"s"pX"S"Z@e"pN"@pqZN": T"se"_Y"ppW"pOT"s^"pu \"SRY"pu W"tO\"p T"pT"ùO"sQ"S":
_""Z{O" $ T"se"_Y" B"{O"S"p{_O" Qf"{X"z> `lO"z _"\"| S"z> W"\"{O" $ O" \" {S"ZpO"u $ V""p
_"\"Qp _"w{>T"ZpY"N": $ V""pNLu> \"O"X"pS"p: _"\"u T"p{N"S": V""N" \" T"se"-T"pve" T"T"pve"O"OT"se"p{QT"p: $ O" \" O"mT"u {S"ZpO"u $ _" E" V""W">pZ@pu S"\"X":O"u T"se": $ O"SX"Se"_O"s
O\"{pY"p pQ"e"Y"puQ"E"O"sQ "\"N"v: _\"p`pSO"vOT"": $ V"wÒ\"pQoV"w`z N"O\"pQo _"\"G"B"{O"
X"sAY"V""N"pu X"t@O\"pO"o _"\"\"uQ_Y" R"pZN"pQo V""p {\"{">:, O" \" W"B"\"O"r{\"pY"p
\"N"e"Y"_Y"p{R"T"OY"X"o $ {S"OY"u {O" _"\"u^ "s pu@u ^"s _P"p\"ZG"X"u^"s X"`pW"tO"u^"s _"z`pZ@pu S"u^> "s
{\"S"p"_\"{T"N"r S"pQV""_\"T"p _"\"u^ "pX"pOX"S"pX"SO": S"pÒ"R\"{S"T"p T"Zp
451
T"Y"SO"r X"RY"X"p \"vA"Zr _"pP"{S"ZP"@_"\""VQX"Y"r _"\"\Y"p{T"S"r _"Z_\"OY"u\" {S"OY"p

{\"S"p{"O\"p{"OY"uOY"sEY"O"u, O"mT"O\"z {S"OY"O\"z E" _"\"e" T"{_"X"o $ \"N"pOX"@p" Y"u "VQp
{S"OY"p: _"\"B"O"p" O"u $ T"wP"B\Y"O"Y"p O"u O"s S" B"sN"p: @_Y"{E"SX"O"p: $ {O"
X"rX"pz_"pW">pE"pY"p: $ O"P"p E" ds{O": E"O\"pqZ \"p@o T"qZ{X"O"p T"Qp{S" O"p{S" {\"QlV"p "N"p Y"u
X"S"r{^"N": $ B"s`p e"r{N" {S"{Ò"p S"uY"{SO" O"sZrY"z \"pE"pu X"S"s^Y"p \"Q{SO" $ {O" $ _"pu&Y"z
B"@pZ {O" T"OY"{W"c"pV"pO"o T"OY"b"T"X"pN"uS"v\" \"N"pS"pz {S"OY"O\"u {_"u QlO> "p{@@u:
"VQpu&{S"OY": @wO"@O\"pO"o C"J>\"O"o {O" \"N"pOX"@"VQp{S"OY"O"pT"{O"T"pQ@X"S"sX"pS"z Y"O"o @wO"z
O"Qo B"`{_O"@Y"p T"qu ZO"{X"OY"\"R"pZN"rY"X"o \"zT"@pZuN" "VQX"Y"r _"Z_\"O"r {S"OY"v\", O"mT"p
O\"z, _"p E" Q"X"r O"\" Ql{Ò"p {O" \"rZp\"Y"pB"X"T"{_"{:, O"{p O"s _\"p`pSO"z
O\"{pT""Q"pb"ZX"u\" $ \"zW"tO"v: T"se"v: T"se"r{W""puT"T"""ZrZu _O"tY"X"pS"u,
O"O_O"s{O"T"T""T"rY"t^"T"pS"O"w"p O\"z X"X"p{T" O"\" E"ZN"{@Z_Y" X"pz _O"s{O"z {S"B"X"Y" {S"O"Zpz
B"X"Y", d\"N"T"P"z T"pT"Y" $ e" {S""VQ_"t{E"O"uS"p{O""Y"uS" d\"N"T"pT"NpX"\"R"pS"T"t\"@z W"\"uO"o
OY"p"z_"p puO"O"u $$ 103 $$
isi
(uzwP E UP.) u ! } zx uP EQ
h PP hzu. EQ [Pzu [SQ E
Ehx AP . u u AP
u P BU PnUQ . A E
AUSP. a _ PmhPQ E
|P. A\ Au P_P, E |Px E
\. Au zx u & uP C[S zv AUP
Q. ( u uzwP UP.) Bx u
u Av & P & v B G
uvzv A & Ea\nzu A. {z G
a\ EP[P Azv g\u[P Pzv
ux A |u i G
Ezv Cuzv GQ A|uz iQ. , aw,
zz, P. \, \ GP G[S
v {z Gzx iS u aw u
A{z uUQP vk. \i v {zu.
w u zux u. Cu zx uuP xv
Hx G xv HUP. (uzwP
C UPmh uz{P Azuzxuh | UP
zuUP.) (103)
452
_"pvSQY"`Zr pu -103
B"puT"p_"sSQZr
{S"R"u {O" - {S"R"rY"O"u G"B"Q_Y"p{X"{O" {S"{R": O"uS" G"B"QpR"pZW"tO" OY"P":, {S"OY"_X"uZu
{S"OY"{_X"O"pup_"\"QS"u G"r\"pS"pz {X"PY"pW"tO"G"B"Qp\"u"{S"Zrb"N"z {_X"O"@pZN"X"o $ S"S"s
G"B"QpR"pZO"p "ZrZ_Y", {_X"O"Y"puB"" "ZrqZN" {O" T"Z_T"Z{\"z @P"X"u@e" O\"Y"r{O" O"
p` - {S"Z\"{R"B"sN"u W"pS"sB"`pY" S"pS"pT"B"sN"p{\"^@pZuN" _"\"X"sT"T"O"u O"\"u{O" W"p\": $ S"S"s
Y"{Q W"pS"sB"`pY" "ZrZp{QT"qZB"`_O"O@P"z @{"pG"p @{"f"T"_\"rOY"p{Q W"u^"s
O"pZO"XY"{X"OY"O" p`- S"r{O"{S"T"sN"u W"OY"S"s@t UQpS"Qb"u $ O"{` @X"T"ZO"Se"p`{X"OY"O"
p` - {S"ZpC"pO"c"pS"u {S"ZpC"pO"X"T"{O"Ò"X"SY"pS"R"rS"z c"pS"X"S"sB"`pY" Y"_Y"p: $ S"S"s
_\"pO"SeY"u&{T" {E"O_\"T"UQpO"wO\"z {E"QoV"`lUQpO"wO\"z O"\"u{O" @P"z \"v^"XY"{X"OY"O" p`
- {S"Y"X"T"Z{E"f"v@{S"Y"u RY"pS"T"tG"p{Q{S"Y"X"T"Z{E"f"X"pe"{_P"O"u $ O"{` {S"Y"X"T"pZO"SeY"X"u\"pB"O"X"O" p` - {S"Y"OY"p {S"X"
s u {S"Y"X"p{QG"SY"p>pS"T"ub"u $ O"pY"pz X"{Y" {@z
T"X"pN"X"O" p` - {S"{A"{S"B"X"pSO"p: _"@\"uQpSO"p T"{S"^"pB"p \" _O"s{O"T"Qp{S"
ds{O"_P"pS"p{S" Y"_Y"p:$ _"@\"uQpSO"v_O\"X"u\" T"{O"T"p_"u$ O"uS"puT"{S"^"pB"p \" O\"qY"
T"X"pN"O"X"p {O" W"p\": $ _O"sO"T"Qu {O" T"pK>>u \"uQpSO"v: _O"sO"z T"Qz E"ZN"pv Y"_Y"p OY"P": $ @uS"
T"@pZuN" _O"sO"T"QuOY"O" p` {S"ZpO"u {S"B"O" pO"pu V"SR"G"{S"O"p W"r{O"Y"_Y"p:, {S"OY"u
@pe"Y"pV"pRY"u$ X"X"pT"rX"pz _O"s{O"z {S"B"X"Y" {S"B"X"r@s $ O"O@pZpuO"rOY"P"u {N"E"o $ \"uQ{X"\"
_"\"_"zT"{O"T""pz @s OY"P": $ {\"^N"sT"b"u - ù {S"R"u W"pS"pz {S"{R"_\"T"u$ SY"p{S" T"Qp{S"
_""XY"SO"p{S", O"uS" {S"OY"_X"uZO\"p{QB"sN"Y"su O\"{Y" {\"^"Y"u X"pz _O"s{O"z {S"B"X"Y",
\"uQ\"QpQZN"rY"pz @s{\"OY"P": $$ 103 $$
Pu
EP u UP. qzv & Uu {v
q ! ( Jx a\P uUva \PU Psh
UP.) {z & E Cu xv UP uzu
vUPa \. (103)
pS"SQ`Zr
QpS"rz T"pP"Y"O"u {S"R"u {O" $ ù {S"R"u "zA"T"p{Q{S"{R"\"O_"\"T"pP"S"rY"u $ S"S"s
_"\"pu@T"pP"S"p{W"ZOY"s{"p&`z, O\"z {@z T"pP"Y"_" OY"e"p` - {S"OY"z _"\"Qp _X"uZu
^"p_Y"Y"su _"Qp T"_""X"sA"r{O" Y"p\"O"o $ O"\"puBu "pu S"p_OY"u\"u{O" W"p\":$ S"S"s
_"\"u^ "p{X">pE"ZN"z @G"S"_Y"p_"pRY"z, O"Qp E" @P"z _"\"u^ "s T"pP"@u ^"s X"X" T"_""X"sA"O"p
_Y"p{QOY"e"p` - {S"Z\"R"Y" Y"f"Y"p "p E" T"qZ{X"O"p B"sN"p S"sB"`pQY"pu
453
Y"_Y"p_O"p"r $ S"SO""{@pS"SO"B"sN"O"Y"p O\"{Y" _"\"u Q> O\"z S"pS"sT"T""{X"{O" W"p\": $ S"S"s

X"X" E"uO_"\"u Q> O\"z, O"Qp @{"O_"sA"r @{"rS" OY"p{Q \"v^"XY"z @sO" OY"O" p` - S"rO"pv
@X"pS"sT"UQpS"u {S"T"sN"u E"O"sZu $ Y"P"p @{""r{O"{S"T"sN"pu ZpG"p @X"pS"s_"pZuN"
@_X"v{E"QoB"pX"X"u@z QQp{O", @_X"v O"s Q" B"pX"pS"o, O"O"o $ S"S"s @X"N"pX"O"r{SY"O"Y"p
@_Y"{E"O@X"p_O"r{O" @P"z c"pO"\Y"X"o, e"p` - {S"ZpC"pO"z {S"^T"{O"V"SR"@z, _"\"BppuE"Zz c"pS"z
Y"_Y"p:, O"p{p, _"\"c"O\"pO"o O"\" O"r[SY"c"pS"z S"pS"sT"T""{X"{O" W"p\": $ S"S"s W"\"O\"u\"z,
O"P"pTY"{O"QtZ_P"pS"pz @P"z X"Y"u>z @O"\Y"X"o? O"e"p` - {S"Y"X"T"ZpN"pz O\"G"S"T"\"O"p_"pS"pz
{E"f"X"u\"v@pu X"sAY"pu {S"Y"pu \"_"{O"_P"pS"z Y"_Y"p: O"P"pW"tO"u $$
S"S"s O"{` {@ V""uSp{Q\"O"o @{"Qlf"X"pu G"r\"pu&`z, S"{` S"`rOY"p` - {S"Y"OY"p uS> "
{S"X"s
u {S":"u^"uN" OY"u, >pOY"SO"pW"p\"\"O"rOY"P": $ O"u O\">\""pQu\" V""p{QT"Qz T"p"p:
{O" W"p\": $ e" {@z T"X"pN"{X"OY"T"ub"pY"pX"p` - {S"{A"p: _"\"u {S"B"X"pSO"p: \"uQpSO"p:
T"{S"^"Q:, O" \" _O"s{O"T"Qp{S" _O"\"_P"pS"p{S" Y"_Y"p:, O"P"pW"tO"u $ _O"sO"T"Qu{O" T"pKu> O"v:
_O"sO"z T"Qz Y"_Y"p OY"P": $ {S"Z"S"p{QdsOY"p @O"wO \"p{QT"{O"T"pQS"pO"o {O" W"p\": $
_O"s{O"T"@pZX"u\"p` {S"BpO" pO">pu W"Y"z, Y"_Y"p_O"p{p, X"wOY"sR"p\"{O" Y"OT"Qp{Q{O"
d\"NppO"o $ {S"OY"u OT"{f"{\"S"p"Z{Ò"u $ O"p\"{Z{X"{O" _\"T"pP"S"rY"X"p` - X"pz X"X"
_O"s{O"X"{T" X"O@wO"_O"pue"X"{T" {S"B"X"Y" {S"B"X"z \"uQz @s, O"O@ZpuO"rOY"P"u @pqZO"z O"\"
_O"p\"@O\"pO"o \"uQpu Qu\"r_"tp{QT"pu Y"P"p _"\"T"pX"p{N"@_"zB"w`rO":, O"P"uX"pX"{T" @s{\"{O"
W"p\": $$ 103 $$
Bu
\[Pz {vP G sh ! Gx
h ] ! G \Uv AQ ] !
A mi uv ! uhx G
! {zuU Phi Ezv ] !
vUSmhu,
u[P
E{zu
xvUPmh
viPsh ! ! G Cu xv b E
mi HPz uUP xvPa \. G CuU Psk Ez
xvUPmk. (103)
_"pvSQY"`Zr _"X"p"p $
u .
S"X"pu BpsWY":$
454
u
(Ezu P)
( Pg^ PPi hvv PzS \[P\
\v\Pv w AP A
UP E & Sv
(42103 _P[P)
\v& a
Gkzu Gk Ah \Pzu (]) ouS HPU
Pz ]PPU PPU PmiUQ. uPuP G
P\ v P SS \v x
Ti P UP UQ. \vP Csk
A ] \uP aP AvUQx.
Pu&oUz PP|o: z& Piu

Qh u Qu Ruv : >
}ha&\a&_n&\ \z&\P
u~: \| Qv | {z|v vn >> 42
(Qu) C P! (oU z) zP CUS
u (Pu:) Ahx (PP|o:) (sk) P
(z Piu) |UPP CUPmh(u) Ex ( Qh)
Qhzu (:) G (Rzuv) oUQ (:) A (\z \P) (AU
Qhzv) \v (}ha \a _n) AUTmi (Tk
Qhzv E i P z[P) \
(\) |sn ]z Psh (\| u~:) Cz u~ (Gk
) (Cv) G (vn) ]u Pzu (Q | {z|v) Gi
zuvUP C?
BUS, uUS G \Q v u USP
A[Pa \u Qzv "u v' GP,
"u u\zx style' G Azu. Aua ^ PnPu Bv
Cu h ua] vUP sk. "Pj v' GQ h
Phu\ [Pzv u zv Ahvx. Cv
\v \P
455
A[P Gv uuP CUS; US BmhP CUS.

"u ' Csk h Pxu soUQ.
"' G aPzv U QmhUP Psk x mhu,
Ah P, u P hhx G v C[P
uhhP Pg\ Phh BzvUQ. A
(aPzv Pzx) complicated &BPzu (]UPPzu) CUQx. &
& Aizx hzxU Psk Q v Cu U B
CUQx.
uPzvx uhuh u P[P Dah ]
\u S PzuU SzxU Psh v, Ah ]
u n iu A Akzu aP[P style uox
\uQx.
\vP A ] \vuPa \. A
\v\P G i \UQx. \P Gx x
! Av J z; sk P
u zxUPsiUQ GQ.
\v\P G zu US \P G
UQx. ~\P & uPzx "~P' & G US Au
Azuu. Eu a [Pzv u Q v] A|P
z[P CUQu? Ax \PuPa
\.
ub G k ug\ Csk
]z[P CUQ. J zwa PUS P Cx.
uzv AuSU P G . C ub
vzxsi uP Cx. A[P ][P ] Qn
Cu "ub' G HmhuPa \QP.
"|o', "PPo' G \ BP\zv o v
P]zxU PsiUS G Azu. ""PPo:'' G Cu
aPzv plural & () \Q.
|h P |U[P J a _ u,
universe (a) Gv J u Esk G. C
Gzu P, |z sh[P Esk. zu\ BvzP
GuP sk P CuP \v \Qx.
aPo Ah ] E Qhzv zUPPP
CUPmiu Au G Pu GQ. ""z
Piu'' G, "|UPP CUPmh' G . Ci A
\PP Cuzu u \Qx.
456
u \nP E & 42
n Bzv C PsnU T_ & Psn "US'

G \sk & P\zu, Enzua \uS P Akzu
AU Sa]P "Qu!' GQ.
UuvP B Eu Pvk CUQ Pa,
u HPmh Pa \mhu, a\ \ G
Q S vPa \U TkQ. HUS uz
iQ Chzv (a.96) vP BuS uzv
u snP ux AUS Cu "v' G a \, ""u
v w| A\'' G TkQ. v u bSshzv
\n so. B \P ix P, |P
a\ {zv a\ vP Au \u! AU
Sshzvx | I US A[P _ GkzxU
Psh! \nPk u sox bu AU
mh u Hk GxP a\P ux Cu
vu! C[P A B\ EnzxUS A "
sn!' Gh Q kQx! AuP
AuuP û Qn[P "\z \P' G a
\va \ |Pz u\ \x kQ.
Ah Qhzv "\z \P' CUQx. AuU Qh
u[Pzux. " Qh' G CUQx. "' G u[P.
"' & u[Pzux. "' G . C QuP
CUQ. P|{zv z oP x CvUS
Eu\ \ A "v' G \UQx. AuS
Qu G, Pvk P]UQ G Csk
Azu B\ soUQ. C[P u . u
aPzv E{z u Pmihsk Q,
Csh
uzvUQ!
Ax
mk.
A[P
CzUSzu Eu]zu? C[P ""u~: \|' GuP
Au Cz u~P \Q.
"&' G Akzukzx miUQ; "\'&"\P' G
Akzu Qx. GxP, u AoP Ci uz
HPU PmiUQ.
P oUP[PP Czu Ah u[PU Qhzv
\vP CUQx. | UQ \v h ]x.
B C[P P Qhzv ]a ]U P G, AuU
Qhzv \P \o zu v a \v CUQx!
\v Au, Csh USQ. Ezv
P\zv \v
457
squ A "P'. |g_ aP u (46) ""P P:'' G

Qx. Ax o. Cx & x zv .
Au { zvPP UQx. oP J Au
hzv kQx. ""}ha\'' Gv "}h' G UTmi
zv Qh. Av oP "\' Gx P\.
P\ hzv mhh G BQx? }sh Pzv
a\ mhh G BS?
u? u n \u Au US P
n ]z ASUS Gx. A Qhzv {
oP a\ mk Hx & ""_n'' G
kx; Ai mhh & refraction & (Ja ]u) Au
un & ""\'' G "n ]z' & u
n u[P PmkQx. Aux Ax
v BQkQx.
"\v P\u J hm. a\ mkzu
Ax { G \vP Qx. m mkzu hmi
m Eshx' Gx h . Pu \ h
P\ \zP a\ mk Ax Q n
sqQx! z AP ] UP UP umhu
AS S Psh P a \vU Pmi
Ci Awu P P B\ PkzvUQ! B
Cx Hu uUSzu Evzu A P G {UP, "E Qh o
JP \v \x ]z n[P EshUSu oUQ
Gu Au k zv E \? G
PmQ. ""\ u~: Cv vn Q | {z|v?'' G |
prose order. " G Azu Gi Pu
zuUP i?' G Azu. "": Rzuv'' G Csh
\uS "G ozu' G Azu. P ]
P G u n CuU Pzua \UP
ix GQ. "u ' Bzv Ci uU Szx
AhUQUPsk _ B\ i Cu | zu
kzvU Psk _Q.
US Avv Cz. Ah u k h
kxu Ci. A P u . Au "Cz u~' G
\x. C[P "\| u~:' G Auzu \ CUQ.
uP, front &, { zu \u CzUS "_|'
G & "A'zv CUQx. Ah u~ ""\| u~:''
458
u \nP E & 42
{Sn zvx \Uv zu Czu i

|u vu refraction & _zu | n[PP
nuk Jh. A uzu oUP BUS
u aPzv Cu A xkQx.
C[P \x refraction C, reflection (v ) u G Azu
soU P. J \v mk Au U P]
n[PP ux G GkzxU P, P
PP CuP, A G Psni v E \vP
vzx (reflect &BQ) Au Cv u~UQkQx G zxU
P.
Ci n u aPzv P UP
US zxz u \v P A ] Pmi
\z& aP u\ so UQ. zP
\UzvPU Qh uzxUPsk \v P Av zxU
PsiUQ P u\! B Ax u G
{ iPzu aP J (a&34) ""\]
P'': "\v P PzxUS mkQ' G
miUQ.
C[P JUS v A|P Pa \u A
P\ iP a \Q \vUSzu ]! Aux
Pu \vaP u\ so zvu ].
Pzv B\US Da uu g\ [P[PUS
\va G . Au zv A UPshxu
"u ' G, Av |vPa EU Pshu zv
\ A Cu 42& aPzvx \x izu G
Pu \. \va Da Gx Cu
uz Ah G \. BP Aa
\vaP
ov
Bx
zuUQx.
Cmh UPiUS P!
J Pv P Qh n Bzu B\ Au
aPzv P P cooling glass mkU Px ,
v Ca \ U Pzv u k
izu. Akzuv PU P[P GUS Ah
P\zu oUQ.
C }UQ
459
x|x zu |&xu&uuw&|
P|&{Uu&an ]S&{S u ] >
w & Ex |:
z& u|&j&h| >>43
""]!'' G Ah [P zua \U
TkQ. ""zu x|x'' G ""C UPiUPmk'' G
Azu.
""Axu Qhzu HP P\uPa \Q mhu; Cmk
G[Px ux?'' Cx Cmk C, Emk. Azu
izumk Agb G Cmk. ""Az Auv''
G Bzv (a&3) \ Cmk.
""x|x zu |:'' Gv ""|:'' G "|h': ""|
Gh Agb Cmh UPmk'' GUPP
B\ zu sqQ. A b vP Cu.
Agb C A Qmh ix. B |UPP, |k
\x zu sqQ. C[P ""x|x zu |:'' ""| G
Agb Pmk'' G BUQ, Akzu aPzu ""u|x
|:'' & ""| AUS zuU PkUPmk'' G
BUQ.
Agb u Gx UPiUP sk GQ? Ah
v ? C. Cxu iUP! Csh ""u
]S {S'' Gxu Cmh UPiUP sk x. ""u''
G Eh; Ah. ""]S'': P\. ""{S'': "uP',
"Tmh', "AhzvP x \u J'. "]S {S' G |
AhzvPa \vUQ P\ . Aimhu uu P\
u | Cmh UPq GQ.
P\ PP Cu? Ax Cmh Esk snzu
\? J A P uuS uu
| QPz u J | Cx.
Ax Cmh UPmk | {zu u. uPUS
Qhx Guu {, A G . uPUP
\UzvP CUPmhUS GiU Qk Hk?
AUS z US, |kzu zxUS E \ va]Th
C. PzxUP uP Cx J PU SuUS CUQ
P, uSu AUS CUQx. ""AQsh
460
u \nP E & 43
Pi D A! P G _ Bu !''
GQP.
"P' G ]! Aux Cx u zu ! Cia
\x Buzuku. uzv J uuUS Pz \Q
xu z xP a Pz AU "PS' G
\UQx!
Au Ah Tu PPzu CUS. uzxUS Ch
u
Cizu
C[P
B\
ozvUQ:
""xu&uu&Cw&''GQ, Cu "uu&Cw&xu G
U P sk. "Au P|u U PmkUS x'
Ah P\ G Azu. , P[P
CUQx A Tu. ""P&{Uu&an'' & "P' G
"PP v' G zxU P. "P a' G Qna
\x "P' G PP G Azu. Ax "P' G
u Ahzv, dense &BP Cua \uP zxU
P. "{Uu' G |Pz u mkz uzx x
G Azu. |, |u GQ, Ax "{' uxx
uxu. Gsn _US JmiU PQ v, "]UP izu'
Gi k Jmixu |u. C[P ]US, _US
C A uz u mk |P miuP
Azu. ""{Uu'' G "x' G Azu. ""{Uu'' G
miuP Azu soUP. A ""an'' G
C Ah. ""an'' G ]kUS, QkUS C |P
CuP Azu. P|u PhP mk, U
PP, AhzvP, xP, P CUQx G J "\P'
ozxU Psh Q! aPzv Pmi u[PU QhzuU
Pi zuP \ C[P ""xu&uu&Cw '',
""P&{Uu&an'' G zuP U v
miUQ. Azu uu uzv B\ PPUP
PP C.
A P\zxUSU Sa] P|u {,
u mku Esh? C ] A\ Esk. Ax
\Q " '' & Aux "CP
'.
zxU P, PP, A P\ v
_Qu.
P\ |n
461
A P\zxUS CPP Qhx G |UR

iuPa \ Da |U PsnU Pmi JU P
ix G Bzx Au A\zv vUS BQ A
"vPh' i U PmkUPsk u G |
UPzv zuP zuu CUQx.
B\ {uP ""&'' & "P,
CPP Pu vx'G \mh.
vP vzv "Pv' G DaUP \UQx.
"u 'z uh { E UPmhU P u
Pvu & Pv SuP. Su G P\u.
Cx ] Ch[P A , E |P zvzx
A B uQx ""J u ux!'' Gu
\U PmQ.
Cimh P P\zv Cvh
|uzx [P `miU PsiUQ. u aPzv
Cz u~U Qhzv zu. Cx Ah Ez zx
[PU P\zv UQ.
"u' G _ G Azu Cv. ""u
j'' & Cvh umh. ""j h|'' G Auz "umhzx
[Ph'. "h' G . "":'' G
u C[P \UP sk. "' G xhPz
u Azu. "| ' Gx. SP "' Gx
uvU SUS. zxUS 'G . Gi J |
u x J v GvUP A
Qu Ai x x | Pmh G u
GUS n u Ci . C[P ""u jh
:'' G \zx, uvh umh |u
zvUS u, u u [P [P G
P sk.
""A P\zvPu u CUP, GuS Cu
[Pa `miU P sk? UPP C,
UP APUP G AuPP zxU PsiUQ? ]
P C ASUPP USU Psni mkU
PQP, Ai C zxU PsiUQ?
Au C. C B\mk zxU P C. Au
[Pu B\mk Ch P\ zu uhvUQ.
462
u \nP E & 43
"AUS G B\?''
""w Ex'' & Cxu u Pzx

UP B\. ""w'' & Cx "P\zxh'; "" '' &
"CP nzu'; ""Ex''& "Qmh Cx u[P Ahsk
G' & Cxu [P B\. "x' G "Ah'. G[P
Cx Psk izx mk Ah, Ak UPzv
P\ zv Cx Psk Ah B\mhuzu ""x''
G mk \ ""E&x'' G Csk Gzua \zxz
uzvUQ.
v
A''
G
Ph]
Qx.""z''G u Ci zxU P sk.

Aux Ah P\zv CP nzu |P Av zxz
u[P sk GuPP uv zx [P Av
SiUQ. ""A'' & Av (P\ zv); "v'' &
UQ. ""'' & G ""{UQ'', "Ci | {UQ'
G Azu.
Pzx [P , gu u
P Pmi AiUQ uPzx [P
Ah P\zv Puzu , Ah
Tu [PP x EmPx Psk AS \Q. A
A P\zxUS nmh; Ah P\zv nzu A
u[PUS UP Av SiUQ! Cimh P\ |
Cmh UPmk GQ. u PP Cx Psh | U
P UP x Ax. P Av x ]zx
EzPzu AhQ Gu | Gh
vzxUS Ax Ba G HkQx. "Qn Pnu'zv
""} }z u: w:'' & Qn u PP Cu Agb
Cmh US wP CUQ G Qx. Au vu Cx.
PU P\ Gi C US GP PmkU
PsiUP, B\ oUQi |UPP zu P|u
PhP Sx, Ahx, xP, P, P,
uP [P x AS \uP, Ax AS uP,
A yUQ AiUQ Pu PshuP z
Pv SuP P\ zuz v \x zu v
Qhzx k.
P\vu Gv P\u u, Qhzu u ozu
Ax P\zv `miu. Qh A[P \uv, Ax
Bnu. u U[P UPzu zu u & Qh
Qk & Pk
463
zvu UP PzxUS P\zu a\h

mhvU Pmi Av A[P[P soUS. Auzu C[P
ozvUQ.
Su |Q (vUS |Q), Su (sh
S), } SuP (Pu S), Su
([S), Ag Su ( S), Pv SuP
(mk S) Gi P\ \zu zu A|P
zv[P AUS HmiUQx. |zv P\
\zu SuP u ""\P\P |P PvP z P\''
G A } ]S G Qx. u US \P A\P,
|P, PvP BQ [P [S P\zuh G
Azu. ""} ]S'' G P[S. ""z\v' ""HPv ]S''
(H S) G | \UQx. Cimh Ah P\
zuz v so | U\ zu UQU Psk.
""u ''
Akzu aP (a&44) APx; \x.
uzvzv ""u '' Gx Avu Qx.
Av P\zu Qx. C[P (a&43) Ax "Cmh
UPmk' & ""x|x zu'' G. A[P AuU P\zu CmhPU
Pzx ""P v'' GQ. C[P ""]S {S'' G \
SPzu A[P "P '' GQ. Cmh C[P
""zu''G; A[P ""v'' GQ.
u|x |&u u|&u

&u: o u&o: >
w y &P&&v&
z u&wUu C ||P Qn >> 44
""u|x |:'' & ""|: u|x'' & "| GUS
EshUPmk' G [PPP BUQx.
Gx zu EshUPmk?
"u o:' & Qk GQ Pk. "u' G Qk. "o'
G Azu ChzxUS HP . C[P Qk GQ Pk Ax
P.
""Ah Qk GUS zu Esk snmk.''
""u'' G PzvUQ US PP PoUS
J \h[S sqQ. CuS "u|' & "u
464
u \nP E & 44
E|'. "E|' G UPP CzxU Psk x.

"u' G Qk G. vP P v Qmi
Rx UPP xPU RU Pk
CzxUPsk u E CUQ shzxUS |x HkQx.
Cu sqx u u||.
P, u Csk P Pzv sqx.
kx ASUS mk. zP P Au |P Cu
APUS J P CUQx. "' G PUP, ]UP
PmiU PQ. P[Pn un G vP PmkQ. Ax
[Px x mk. | Gkzu Pzv
| EvkzxQ P CUQx. "so wQx
P[Pn Pmiskmh' G \Q? z, P
mk, vPUS u. "n' G zuUS |
u translation &BP "P' G US CUQx. Cx
i CUQ US mk "P' G {mhx.
P Gx "i[U mi', "Pm \' GQx zu! UP
PQ \Uv CUQx Gx xmh uPzv "P'
G \ ux Cu |USz ui CUQx. Cx
CUPmk.
"u' G Qk. H Ai ? "' G G. ^,
u[Sa ^, a ^ GQ Ax. | GUS CUQ
u\ G AzuzuU PkUQx & Cx "' u. yzv, |
Bsk PsiuP u\zvS & C[QkUS & "^'
G zxmh.
"Au' G i. + Au = u. G ix
"u'. P zu + Au = "u' u. |i SQ
"u'UQx. vUS \Qi ""GUS \us sh
Aun''P, PzvP |uP Cu J US "az'
& a + Az, Aux, PzvS \z G Gvzuzv
xmhx! A[P S |iUQu "u'zv |i
SUQx. Cia ] CUPn USP.
u Gu GUS i? J z zv GUSzu. Cu
J shPzu Ax zvS GQUQx! ]P
Cu PUS Qk Hx? Su | q
Qhkzx UP... J \zvS Csk GP. ]
u BS.Av ] GQ G & "' & Ea]US GQ
zQ "Au'zvSU Psk ix Qku. Au
AS
465
AuS "u' G . Ax u UPP BUS

Chzvx i Ch GUPk mh CshP
zx P sou Au vUP.
Ix Ch[P {z sqQ. U[P
| n vh z \zu A zx UP sn
siUQx. Ai A CPP {z \
Cu Ix. u , uP (u), _ h P,
zzv , [PP u G Cu Ix.
C _US, zzvS UPzvu
. ASUPP _ Pzv g\, S[Smh, P G
\x hzvu \ sk. Au UPzu umkU
Pso JU Px a\ sqx Au UP |
zv x ki h sk & Au UPu P
Cu. zvS " ' G . qUS w
x Pa \! xk A \UPzva
\shzu kTh n[PUQx! " Uu'zv
] v uzu USU PmiUQx.
u, u P () Esha_ G, Ax |h
APzv zv A (u) UPiUPq G
Av z Qx. Ax zv \ zzv \, Au UP
| {z \Q Gx. zzvS P v
[PPUS Qh u.
A[P z & P U o u &
UQ Guu Ah u oUP u
AzvS uu J B\ uvUQ. G
""u '' G u Au uzuk
ukzvzu PkzvUQ. Au Ai "hmi'
miUPmk, k u u miUPmk, u
Cu aPzv Q "u ' G zu AP,
zuzu zxz u Au uzzvS
hmiUQUP sk?
""u ''G AS , A \Uv J A~U
GkzxU Pshx Au A zv Esh AS
AP G \UQ. A Esh AS UPP
Ah v [P U Cuzu ""u ''
GQ. Au zu u uuP QzvUQ.
Ai Ah u Au uu
USQx G \ CUQ G, C. A yzvS
466
u \nP E & 44
h. Ah v Pzvxu Au
uPa \UQ. ""u u| u '' G
\Q. Axu zu. x u G,
Gs\s EhUS ] u G. |US Jzu Ah
Pmkx Pu. | Jzu UP sk G UQ Ps,
|h A \ sk _Q , | Ah Ja
\ AuU PmQ Px, | Hu BvP Pkzu Aua
\kQ , GUS P Cu sqUS
Czu Pzvu CUQx? AS & Pu & z ux
Ps, US, , , Pzv US Cu. Jzu APUQ.
G P APUQx Gu Azu. PS, PS G
v Qxu. Ah Ph, u, x n G
A Pzvxu QhUS? Cuu A Pzvu
AS UQkuPa \Q. ""u u| u ''.
|US ~Uzu, P zu sqx, |
A~UUP sk GuPP z z zv GkzxUPsh
Cu AS u.
""u|x |: u u| u ''
""A! E (""u' G "Eh') vPzvx SQ
AS CUQx. Ax AS mk. Ax A Bu
G[PUS zu Esk snmk''
, Cv uzxUS G \ u? Au uzu
UP. Ax Gi CUQx?
""w y''
ux yzuz uUQx GQ.
y G ] US zu zzv uQ ] x
{US . ]P Cu "\y' G Cu xUS
ux. y Gx J ] i. y |P GP.
\UPa \UQ Pnv. unzv AP, hu\zv
, US y ] zvUS. Bzv
i Q Bg| US y
uhu UQ. zvPUSz uhv.
Bv&AuzxUS zv P yzu zvUQP.
S[Szu uP[P yPzu \UQx.
uu A uzv ] zx |P sqx, A
QmkU S[S A \nzv JmiU Psk uy GuP
Qmi S[S
467
BUQu |zv Qx. A[P QmkU S[Szu

""u y''G \UQx. Qmi u S[S; |
& Aux, vPmkU P zv & Pymk GuP
A zxU PsiuP |zvx HkQx. ""P
\z P[P P | \P'' G Av | Qx. \vUS
zv P[Pz vmk v A Pzv Py mk G Au |
\Qx. | oUS |US zu oUS |US
Ch Cu | u Cx zva \uP hQx.
Qmi S[S & "u y'. C[P Ah QmkU
S[Szuzu B\ y G \UQ.
\vi [PzxUS, UzxUS sP S[S
CmkU Psi Ch Qku. | |k CmkU Px
A[PzxUSzu. JPkzx zv ([P
|k) z Pmm squ A[P \u. v
CmkU PQx S[S A[P CmkU PkuP
\. Ai [Pzu GuS Cv \
C! | [PP u Qmi S[S
CmkUPsk Au Au | zxU PP.
"U' G \k {zzu
Ah u Qmiu S[S CmkUP
sk. Qk AU PQP CUQP.
Aimh |US Qk Qu, Au Bzv
S[Szu CmkU P sk.
AP Qk CmkU PsiUQ: ""w y..
u o:'' & "S[Szuz uu Qmku', Qk CmkU
Psiuu y S[S "o' Gi |u
zv CUS. Bzv mk Cu mhP J mhPzu
CUS. B\ Psk \vx & Axu Cu aPzv
P zxUS PUS E. {P CUQ n & AP
Qk BUQ Chzv mh mhP CmkUPsk, Au
Qmhk QhP, iQ _U PhP CzxmkU
PsiUQ G uPz uQx.
Ci A uzuz v squU Pmi U,
Bu C. [P u v zv z
UQ uzxUSU S[S[P soUQx.
A {v Gx QP, Q[PP C .
uuUS Csk UPzv v P _QP
468
u \nP E & 44
G |zv CUQx: \ p un u.
Cia \iPP AP zxUP APz uh
Csk |z[PP A zxU Pshxu P G
A GP & "P" G v; "' & ; "A' G Ps.
"P', "' "A'PU Psh "P'.
vz yUQz uh |US ~ A zxU
PsiUQ Cu u aP (64)
B\ \Q. AUS U u (US [Su)
U \UQ? Auu |
siuP UTh "A |US ~ v |mh'
G \Q v Ah Uzv A CuPa
\UQ. ""|zvP ] |zu'' GuS P
Dah SnPn P A K UQ v ]
] Ah |US zu Pmi \zv va
]xkQu! \zvUS "' G . Da PuP "'
so so |US "'a_ G zu |u so
CUQ! Ai Ah ]UQ x Au ~UQ
v \ z U v BQkQ
A[P PzvUQ. ] A ]UQ
Chzv \uPP Ah u v A
(]zx) "'P (m]P) soQ! An
vP A Ezx "a[P 'PU P kQP
zu. C[P v AnuPU
P!
\ P[P sqP Jzv kzv Ci
|US | zxU P A Czv & &
AuS P, ""uUS yUQ a_sk'' GQ,
uP Aiz uh uzv yUQ zxU Psk
AUS y S[S[P soUQ!
U uP Gu [Ph E u
Uzv u A zv C Gzu
E UPq? U&u[PUS Ax Ea] G
z snsk. ""Ea]z vP'' G Cu u yzuzu
"A Auv' Bzv mh \Q. ""Ea]z vP'' G
miUQ. & PUPq; "|z vP', "Ea]z vP'!
[PP |UQmkU Px u Aa "Ea]' Qmi
]U S[S zxU Pq.....
EvUQ `
469
v aPzv ozu P|u Pk v Ah

P\zu |kzv x Psk Qk KkQx. CP Qk
P Cx. B ] v ]P
sok A yzu ]z u Qmh
]UQUQ! A APU P[P G E Ah
uUS |k \UPa \ u o UQx.
| US Cu v ASP UP u.
"P'zxUS sh G utility &I mk zxU Psk
Cu mkkQ. ] UQ. PPP
CUQPUP J AP zuh Auk {h Au
v ASP Cu {zu, Cmh uP &
B zuP & P so zx Cu u so
wUPP A~UPz uQx.
P[P P}UPh A _Q v ||PU
P\zu C mkU Psk A ]US |k
P\P Cu uP \ G KkQu zux B\US
G E uQx?
"".............&P&&v
z u&wUu C ||P Qn'' >>
"||P Qn' & "AUP' G "AP Qn' &
Qn. "|' AUP! "|' G "v', "||P Qn' G
Eu a
Eu Gi CUQ? \UPa \ CUQ.
Axu a {. ""Ezz ~'' G Au ""|'zv
\uzu A mh Auv u zuP
""EvUQ \[Pv'' G miUQ! Evzx | BP BP
] A {Qk.
EvUS Pv \[PvP JPzu Ah y
uzu B\ UQ. Qk Bzv A mhP
CmkU PsiUQ vP Eu CUQx. Avx
Q Q yU Pk x k J Qn
CUQx.
"" P&&v&z u&w Uu'' G G
EhUQ va \Q, CuS G Azu? K\ |zu
& Aux Ax | Cuuu! & |zu, Pizu
B\ uzx kQ? C[P zuP zu
470
u \nP E & 44
\shUS Q v CUQu! h \shUS QP?

u oz u UPa \? Auk SvUS x?
""P&&v'' G "Ah P\ zv P GQ
Cmk', "' G AuS Ah PkzvUQx. "'
G "P u, famous' G {UQ. | Azu "\
Psh' GuS. \ P\ zv CmkUSzu Ci
\ CuPa \Q. v Cu \sh
hzu u? Au Axu \shUS Qx. h?
Cmk h \shUS S? a\zvh u? z UQ
P Esk sn zu \zP {zx
Cmk
\shUS
S.
C[P
Cmk
A
P\UQu u yP vUQ!
Ax, A G[P P, P Au CmkU Psiu
u Auh J soU P ix. A |P Ch
zx CuU P\ zxUS Pz u ] Ea] A Cu
U Psk x zxU PsiUQ? Au Cu P\
Cmk Auk \sh h EzPU Q kQx.
""J Qmh u C Kmh iUP sixu? CmhP
CUQ Chzv J wzuU Psk u Eh Cmk Kmh iUP
sixu? v v u C Cmk Cu
Ch u xu Qx? b u Agb a\ v
C uQuP "U Psh C ' G
zhu PkUQP! AiUP x, Cmk
uP EzP GvzxU Psk ux?'' G & A
CmkUSU
PkzvUQ
Chzvu
Cx
uP
HmiUQx. J Gu sn G w Pkzvu
"AUS Gh (Ch) Pkzxmh!' G \Q. A
Cu CmkUSz u u "Ch Pkzx mh! AuS ""P
{Uu an'' G v u mk S Pkzx, Av
u P [P `miU Psk \ PkUQ.
Ah UP zvu AuS "' Hmk u Pkzx
mhx!
""Ph P?'' & ""CUQ Chzv Cu Pu!'' G J
\ \Q AxTh Cx U Puu.
""Ph P?'' Gx Bv\ \. ""CUQ Chzv Cu
P'' Gx AuS Ph v \ ()
zzv \zxU Psk, Ssh u u
soU Psk Csk uP C. Ah v
Ph ! U ?
471
\ zvu Au&Ph&U|vP Th Cx x.
CP "Au' Gxu Bv\. A u Au
\P, Bu \P kzxU Psix.
Au Bv\US h Ssh uUS uP
. A[P PhUSzu u. Ph \UQx
Bv\ z u[SQ; u[QU Psk, Cu Chzv
CUQ. Ax Ph PP v { uk . B
kUP mh C PhUSzu importance.
PUSU P " vi' G AUSzu US |
{v. Ah ] A z u[Sx mk,
u[QUPsk J Chzv Bv\ C, P
UQ. Gu Pzv J Pv Pu nzxUS A[P
z yUQU Psk KkQ.
US PhUS P. Gx Phu US.
Ai PzvU R n sok. Pzu
|k[P UQ US Ph G mk |kUP! US
, GUS v.
Pzu yUQU PsiUS Bv\US h
P CUPmh Phh S |kUPu. Au
Ssh u |hzxQ ChzxUS P .
Ciz uh |k[Q, vUS Ph x
USx A zu. C[P uUSzu Uz G
Bv\US Hmhx. u P
""a\ '' z uk P }mi kzxU
Psiv AUS HP u xmhx!
unP uzv, \Uv P zu |P
\ sk; |P \ \ sk. AP a \U
Thx. AuuP Cu S\ a & ""U?'' G PmP
sk. Ax a \U ThU Thx. | P Cx
]P Cuu a \, ""U?'' G
PmP.
Ph Gx PU Psk mk x[QU
Psiu Bv\US Cx u CUQ
uzv u u Exmhx G ux. J
uh, Cux AU Pg\ |UPP mh umi UP
G B\ Esh.
472
u \nP E & 44
Eh A a \U Tmk, ""H Ph, P?'' G

UuUPPzu Pmh.
PhUS x mhx. vj Bv\US C xoa\
Gi G x mhx. A \xP Bv\US EUQ
v, ""CUQ Chzv Cu Pu'' G.
Bv\ Pmhx Ph Pzu. Ah PzxUS Gx
Sa\u. u AP? PhUS Jx
. mk, mk v | Pzu Cx Bv\
u! Ahzv CUQ mku A { U
AUS Esk? Au A Ph PzuU PmP C Ah
Pzu SzvU Pmi, CUQ Chzv Cu Pu'' G.
Ci Pu.
Q[PTh zzv (Auu u mi) Cuu
"' GQP. CUQ Chzv CUP sk.
Cmk CUQu, Ax G[P Pzv vshiU Psiux.
AuS | P a\. B Au Cu GvUP i C.
Au A[P u Gmi zu C, \Uv
u[P i Cx Kmh iUP si Cux. |k z
h u CmkUSU Pk P. z
AuSz u ux. uhu Ax Ki
kQu! "" UP P |US izx zxU
Psiu, Ph] J |, Cu U Sg_
A[P u C[P | KkiQu!'' G AuS
A, u z. ""Cu G[Px, Gux
| zxU Psk C | J sn iuiU Pmi
hq'' G Ax \u soU Psiux!
Cx A Pzv vshiU Psiu Cmh Ai
z u P\ P BUQU Psk, A AuU P\zu
Qhkzx Au Psk x | CuU P\ zv
zu C, CmkUS J S, u x mhx!
Au Ea]zvP Ai _U `xPsk Avx
Qn[P [Qmhx. Czu J [S
GuS P, ]zP, C[P C J [Q mhx.
v y vPzv P\ Gi J v
shzua _ Gz v\ UQu, Ai Ah
] UP zx Ah Su u ] vP
A CUP sk? Ai J J Qn mk Qk
Qn[P ]
473
zv \UPa \ UQx. UQU Qn

G iui P\zv ux AuU P\ mk PP
Qx G & Aua \UPa \ Jh CuU P[P
Cmkzu \sh mk, zx AUQ izx
iui so mhx Gu BQx?... |P z so
UPq: [P z Ah Qk y S[S
Aa \UPa \ PUQx: _ Au |UQU Psk
A APU P[P G Ah P\ ; AuU P
Cua ]z yUPP, Cua ] AuU Pz yUPP
GkzxU PmkQx.
S[S h, ""Cx E P\U Pmh!''
G P\ Cmk x "\g' so Ai Au |
UPzv zxUPsk J a u UQ G PP
souPz uQx.
J a mk H mk zux? Cx Cmh
k Cx \sh mhuS Ah CUPu! QnP J
A|P ] xUP CUQx C[P (y
mk) CUQuUS G u {? J J Qn
mk Cuu "Cu Ba\?' G ; AuP
UQ Qn[P Cmk zxmhx G ux P.
""z zu:'' & G "\zU Tmhzu' G Azu. "z'
Gvxu "z ux. "u' & Tmh. Cmk Gx A
A P\ zv Ao AoP Q \z h CUQx.
Ci hkzx x \z zu, "wUu C'' G
" mh ' G Azu. ] UPmhx
uyQ C uQx.
UQ Qn[P [Qx mk; [P mk zu
Cu J QnzxUPx a\P CUP uvsh G,
C. Ax Cush Aush |P iui Au mk
AhzvUQx. | QhP ]US zzvu GkUP sk. Cu
UP, Au UP, Pn Qk G Au Chi Ch U
Psh CUPU Thx. Aimh g\ uv AuQ
Gx ""wUu'' Gvx HkQx. v {z
sk Pn Qh Thx. Au v, _zu g\
so ]U S[Su CmkU Pq. u S[S, P
PP mk JmiU Pu u.
474
u \nP E & 44
"u' G |x dha mka \ AuS

"[S'P "Px \x' Gx JS. ""w'' G C[Px
x "w' (dee) mh "Pv' G Azu. ""wUu
C''G "PvUPmhx '.
Ah y u PU P\ zv zv
USx, C G vU Tmhzu PvUPmh
a z uQx.
"", P Phui Ci Cmih u \[Q
P CUQ QmkUS z uu P
u US G u?''
u G \k P A Agb u
USuP aPzv zu? Ai, C[P J
uzv u uzxUS C v E EshUQ
Au [P AUQ. u Ax uzv
[PUS Bau. AuSz u uux u. ""wUu
C'': "Pvx ' Gu \ u {a\PU PvQ
mhx G \.
Cx Au E { & Cu aPzv E { &
. Cu B\ u \mk Au u
a \Q. |u uuk iUP sh G
Bzu. u Csk P,
""u|x |: u u|&u
u:o: C u o:'' >
G CUQx.
unP PP zuP \mk PmkP
mh Azuzu zP, suggestive &BP mkkP. J
Azu |x zuP, synonym &P h mhP.
B G[Px zuP J xmh Ax
Au AzvU PmkuPP JUS zu mk
kP.
C[P "', "', "u', "o' G Q |
zuP Qmhzumh J Azu. G zuU
Su. A AS Gimhh P CUQx
G uuPP Ci J, Csi, | zuPa
\u miUQ.
uU P
475
"Qmhzumh J Azu' G | \v point CUQx. UP

J Azu. Ai h G Cu J PUS
x. x [P J AzuP GkzxU Pi Cu zz
[P Au zuPUS "m' & BP zu
zx Cu shades of difference &I (mka \P) USiP
U&S (\ uS) \.
C[P Aizu | zuUS Azuzv E zsk.
"' Gx Gx [S }mh. "' Gxu
& Cx CUQ Chzv [Qz x, Aush
Aush uP U Psh x. "u' G
BmhP Khskv; Kh v Jk[Q KiTh Ax
uu. "o' Gx "u o' Gv
\x |PhP Kk }mh. CPP Gu B
|PhP Khx. Au Cx ~PP J B mi EshUQa
\Q UP G BS. J Chzv [Q G ', A
Ch[P "' G P Bzx, "u'
Gk BP J J[S { PUS KkQ S u Au
J[Skzv "oP UP BUSx.
Cizu A u Ah uzv u
P [Q A P Qx. | Ea]z
ukQx Ax uP B BQx. B Cu BUSU
P\ PP BQ x AuU PUS Cx Ah[P mh GQx.
PPhu APPzu A AS CUP i. AuSU P Pmh
ixmh C! 'Uz ' & "P \
' G | \Qx. BP Ax PmhzxUS
Ah[Q KkQ v | Kzv Pg\ \u B v B,
P\U PUS Ah[P i P Pzuk P
BUQx. \mh Cu Ps J Chzv
P EhzxUPsk Au Pzv Rx P
GvzxUPsk A Csk UP Cmk |UQv SQU
SQ straight line &BP J UP zu GkzxU PQx. Au UP
(o)u Ah QmkUPk (u o).Ps E
szv z P iu Ah u. AuS
AuS Aush Gu A C! Auu Ah
AQx zu PUS skQx, Au "u u
' G Pzv ]P AhUQ, Av SP,
Ps GvzxU Psk Kiu Esh UPQ Cu
QmkUS UzzuU Pkzx mh!
476
u \nP E & 45
Qn zUPP zuU QzxUPsk |P

J Hmhx. Ah P s vU
P P CUQ Ah P\zv J U QzxU
PsiUQx!
""u|x |:'' G {zx Cu aPzu n,
v soU Psiu Ah AS Pv APU
Tmhzv (""z u:'') | ] UPh (""w Uu''
BP) Bzzu Ahx P zu zv squP
\Uv |US A~U sq
""u|x |&u&u
&u: o u o: >
w y &P&&v&
z u&wUu C ||P Qn'' >> 45
""Ch C v \vP''
Akzu aPzv (a&45) u n }izu,
C[P A P n U. Au uP AP G
a] Qx.
Pzu xhPz uUS Jkx UP. P P,
u|u G uP[P { Qx. B\ Ci x
hPa \ item, item &BPz uUS Pu PzxUS
JPU PmiUQ.
Pg\[ Pg\P Cu x uUS AS. Ah u
u (P) CiU Pg\[ Pg\P u APU PmkQx.
Ax E uQ \ uUS uQ QgP (P)
CUQx. u A uzxUS n
CUQx. uUS uU SizxUPsk sk ux QhUS;
skP Aua _ g\zxU PsiUS. sk |s
Psh u G Psn Gzu Au a Ps
P PskPQ A P Pzv E x G
xU SiUQ. Pzua _ a] zu J
Smi sk h ua `vUQ v CUQx & G
Ci parallel P (CnP) PmkQ.
PP Gx P\v Gx n.
Ci J J iUP so v\P
JU Pmi Axu . Aizu Akzu aPzu
(a&46) soUQ.
\ |
477
""h s&zv Bv u z
zw u& Sh&Piu \z&\P >
&z E A \ u:
u&&v: nv P& P:'' >>46
P n\vP Ex A|P PP Psh
. B\ Ci {a \UQ. P, "P \z
| Pv u|' GQ. ""P'' G o. ""P&\]&u|'' G
Cu wu "Pguu' mi \UQx. | ux
GkzxUPsk aP[Th "P&P:' G n\va
\zu ivUQx. B Cx A \ P
shzxUS EP . Ai vu Av iUP
|u J C.
B\ G \Q?
HP | \P[P zx Azu \vx
E[PUPP, "Sh&Piu \z \P' G vx A
Shzv zx Czu a \vzu \Qx G
vUP. "h' G | G uvUS. ""s'',
""'' & GUS Qxu. ""zv'' & P\. ""Bv'' &
""P]x'' G a\, ""zz'' & E. ""z'' & Gx. ""uz'' Ax. (""u &
'' Gx ""uz & '' Gu.) ""'' & "{UQ' Gx
(43& aPzv) vUQx. "Azu', "Azw' G
"CshuP J Cux' G | uh \UQ.
""zw'' GuS Ax opposite Gu, aPzv "zw' G
zu "Cshx' G Azu PkUS G FQzx h.
Cia \zx zu u Csk US G Azu?
""AP J&v ] Gu E | P]UQu Au
|x E Qhzv Czu \v P Cshx G
{UQ'' G AzuS.
|P ia \; Ah u Azu \v
CUQx...
A, Da CP zvx u; Ah
\v. Ahu Azu \v. B U[P,
]z[P zwP u & Csk K[P
iQ Ch n \v mhzxh diameter & (mhzv) C
xPP CUS. Ah \v Cu Pa \US
mh u; Cu mhzxUS x Au v \v
478
u \nP E & 46
AhvUS. mh ux. Ai _ [Q
zu vU Pg\ P P, Ah uu \v Sv vz
usi GkzvUS. BP\zv zuP
zuTh, Cu mhzv x P UPk x
u. (C Tx zuu \P n \v
AUP UPk x. Av E PPUP P
u UQz usi Gkzvx u). BP A
u P Azu \vP ivUQ. ""v v
|v x o \h'' G vP Qx. C u
hP ""vv'' G Qx.
Ah A mh | zu Ax J v
\v CUQx. |k usikzvUP. A Azu
\vP uQx. | n Auzu ""Ah \z
uP u \u'' G \Qx.
Ci v \v i, Au R UQ v \v
h i u&&v: nv P P:>> Cu
iUP |u Qx.
&z E A \ u: >
uv: nv P P: >>
""E A'' & Cu Csk; Qhzv v \v, |
zv v \v BQ Csk. ""E'' & Csk. u
& uPk Cu "E' |a]P k CuP mhP
\U PmiUP... v \v, R v \v Csk, ""u:''
&''mutual -BP, "Jh'; "" & z'' & Cu "" &
z'' G uP x Hu { u G {zx
hUThx. ""'' G reverse order. RP x. ""''
\x. join sqx G C[P PkUS.
Aux: v vP E a \v, R E h
\v Cx Gi CUQ? Shzv Cx n
\v R vP, AuSU R hP E v \v n
\v v i EuP CUQ. Aux
n \v R v C[P v AuSU
R CUQ. Ci Cuz uRP , reverse order & join
so "" \'' & |P Jmk mkmh!
""Aui Jmk kx? J J Ai zv
sk UP u, u Pui Gi Jmkx?
Aimh Px G[P CUQx?''
| Jmk
479
CUQx, CUQx. G[P uiUPsk P sh.

\vUS CUQx. \v Au CUP? Ax
| paste u: ""u&&v:'' "u'& Au; "'& paste, Px;
"v:' & u kx. "v' & C[Q "sew' Avxu.
JmiTh x h. Cu Au Px unP
JmkQx C. |PU Pmiz u kQx
Csh UP i \zxU Pkzx k.
Ci, A ] v v | v v,
Ax R Cx G zx, \vu P] Au Pu
mk Jh Jmiz uzux somh, P P:
nv & (A Csk \x) o \vP nzx k;
\v k.
Ah Pzu vPa \, | v
v \, A ] v v {zxUPsk
A Csh reverse order sna \, Auzu mk
JmkQ ]zP HPmh UzU P \x i
vP ""P P:'' G BUQ zv sqQ.
Ph] n \va \x, u Av
Auzua ""u'' G, Ax US {zxUPsk
""P:'' G miUQ. Aux "P' G o
k ukzvUQ. J PU PmiU PsiUS
P uzx oUSz u \ Esk. Au vv
. u x Sa]k Ph n P Sa]
\Qx AQsh P CUQ |h zvUS i i
SU Sa \uv AP[P sqP. "Bv'
Gx "Bz' Gu v. "Bz' G |P |vx
Gu Azu. Auzu "Bz' GQP!.... Ci, APzv
JiP |vUQ |h zv UPzv UP
snP u BzP (A |u) CUQ
A CUQ G aP CUQx: "" P u (B)z
Q xu''. u ' Bzv (a&42) ""Q
u'' G Tmh B\ C[P o Pa \zx
_u USx vv |h AP { P
Psh CvUS G uQx.
480
u \nP E & 47
, |s: ]UP {u aP
Akzu (47&x) aP Cuh complicated (]UP {ux)
AvUQ v\ G E[PUS UP i G
UQ. Cx AUS sqQ G zxU
PQ. _a _ A {USiP sqQx A?
Hu "D' uzP somh Aua \mh xPsk
\mk PzxUS k. Ai Ph
Ah |P {zxu ix. Au Pu ,
\x A, Av Pg\ v\. Au Au
wUPP UPsqQx & GuP Ch PkzxU Pg\
Ph aP[PP ]x so mh Cv |zu {a
\UQx, |P Azu | A {UP
snmh, _a _, umkz umk v | A
{ CUSiPa \ GQ Ezu\zv
Cimh aP[P B\ A~UzvUQ UQx!
]UP CUP CUP Au AzxU Pv A AvP vUP
iQx; aPzvUQ ]UP UPa ]UPz wzxU P Eu
\Qx: aPzu \Q.
U| Qg]z | &[P {{
zw |z xP&] zu&Sn>
u~& u&P&Uu vu:
Ph h \ uPv {Thu E >>47
""'' & C [P. u . C[Q brow Csk
Uu "'x uxu. AuS Cmh h ""''.
Ah Csk [P Gi E? "Qg]z U|' Pg\
|vUQ.
Pzv |xsh Ai ? C. P,
]uP Cu |Qu, Aizu A
|vUQx. Pzv |u, HUPsk,
CPP AuS Th __ G |UPk v
BQk. B Cx A CPu h
| \Q, "" a_'' GP, Ai CUQx.
{zvUPP A PmiU Psk, Au "SuP
kQxP!' G kxu Ci .
""A UQ. A |x PsQx.
481
CUQ G uQx. Ah x
Pzu zu Cx EvkQx. P A Giz
uUQx? ""{{''Pz uUQx.''
"" (\) G zu, \ G Azu! A
Gi \k "{{'P CUQ? "Bu ', "]uu '
G Aa \mk Cx, zukQ; Au
zu |zxU Psk J P CUQ' G G
Azu?''
B. A E Bu u. B A
P[PUP u C? EPzx [P
zv ]UQU Psk uUQxP! Avx C PU
Pmi PUP PhkQxP! GuPx mhi
CUQxP! [P Cu zu UP sk Gvu
A PmkUPsk {{P CUQ & ""| [P
{{.'' ""&[P'' & zu Ehzx k. "u~ [P' G
u~ Ehx u? Ai zu Ehzxk. Ax
zx xx UP[P, B\P G Pmi [Ph
zu UQk. AuPP u u~ v zu
|zxU PsiUQ.
""n \u: vP:'' G (a&24) \i Cu
zv nP | g\ Qz zvP g\
ivP H \UvP, u P CUPmh
uu z zv CUSx , sk, , a], ~,
u G A SuPu, AuU SuP zv,
unP J AUP u \[P GiU Pk,
Ai UThu! PhkQxP, kQxP! G
Pn mkU Psk zu |ux zx
PsiUQ:
U| Qg]z | [P {{
zv u. Au ~mPU Pzx B\ Cu
soUQ. ""| SuPUS hu! B x
mhu'' G sqQ. \zvu zu
zxUPsh G explicit BP (hP) \. J
""[P, G SuPUSU Pku sn Qx?'' Gu
zu |UQ? Cu mh , Aumh zu x
|. Ax JzuUS J P | UQ Ezzu
482
u \nP E & 47
Esksq xTh C uP \ Hk. ""|

[P ''P A [P zu {zv \xmhv
CiU Pg\ vUP.
A U PhPU Psh AP u A
US, UuP preventive &BP uk?
UQuPz ukzu uUS \ G uQx. B
Ax "|&&[P' Gx uu! C, C.
UuP ukzxmh \. Ax
A {zx {zx Ah Ps n |
EP u! G J Hmk, A Au C [P
sqx, ux. A izxU Pvu
Bu CUQx!
Ci Cu aP[P \ AS AS G
| \u AP C; C \z u Av
G CUQ. Avu u AS CUQx!
\ iuuP GUSz uQuS Auh APP
CUQ C PPP UuPP CUPmhPUSz
u...
\zv, Pzv |u Au zx zxUPsk
{P ix. B\ C[P JiP zxUPsk {Q.
Pshh Au Chzv u x Ai { Au
zu USiP sokQu! Ai Cx
un Hu J ] \P CUP ix. Cx Hu
P CUP sk. AuU Psk izx B\ Akzu
P \Q. zuzv Bzv \Qi,
""u~&''
& ""Cu C [P G {UQ.'' ("' G
"{UQ'.)
"" Gx xu CUS. J
vUQx. " Gx GU PP \xu?
Auzu B\ "m' sqQ?'' G {zxhUThx.
\ HP PP Pshv B\
zP J vik zx uP JU Pzx
k!
C[P Aizu. Csk zu A Csk uz u
P UQ. J Aix ~ J "BU'PP
483
v, J v J u "BU'PP u
sqxsh? Ci mh \ Psh J Csk
vP Ah Csk [P B\ {UQ. C
[P P J u~ Csk | J z uu
|s mi h Q x HkQ tension & S
Av Gi A v vibration Ai CUQx!
BP Csk \x J & ""u~''.
B \! zv, Aux | BUS ChzxUS
Csk [P \ xsizxzu CUQx? A[P
Q C. Au Chzv Cu Ax Ezu
vPUS zP nPx. ""Ti SiU PkUS'
GP. Ah zv uxu Ezu v
n! AUS EPux zu Aixu. B P
P Cx P kQu! zu P EUQx
Au US |k Pzv Pg\ y mk, gap Qu!
B Ciz xsizx {Qx G AzuU
PQk.
Cu gap, xsi h ush G u Sv Cx
mk. Au ushzv Csk PiP \zxU Pmk |q
Cuu S? Ah sk P Kmh
P\ USU P |nQx G aPzv \
Q. Au |q Ah |ush (USzusk) SUQk
Chzv xsizxzu CUQx. B Ax Ax
G P Cmi AzuP A BS?
Ci J Chg\U Psk x Au {zv sqvu
B\ Pzv CUQx. CuPPu A Cmh Pa
\UTi [P J UQ Ezzu. [QU
PsiUQ! US Ch Hmh F v gap Hmix
F C GuS Cx A u PPU Pn \
BUQ.
Cx u GQ. ""vu:'' G Qu? v
v u. ""vu: u~:'' & "u u~ G {UQ'.
""Ci {uS Bu PmkP?''
""F! Pmh i: zw |z xP ] zu Sn.
Cxu Pn.''
""G[PUS Quzv v \ ! G[P
484
u \nP E & 47
u\zv u\zxUS u\ Auu Pa \UPsk

AxP i iUP, UP, J wP
vzxmh & Aux Quzu J v "U'
\xmh. Au u \[P!''
""zw'' & "Eh': ""xP ]'' & "skPP P]UQ';
""|z'' & "Csk PsP'; "zu & Sn' & (Cu ) |s EhuP
CUQx'. "Sn' G |qUS . Ah Ch&U PsP
(|U Psna \UP, dual &BP \UQx) P sk
UQ v Pk CUQx. |U Ps ] AuU
PshPa \ ix. Au \ Akzu aPzv .
(Cia \, mkmh, Akzu aPzu z ux
P E[PUS C B EshS!) Csk P skU
Psox k wn G UP, u
]P PhuPP, QQ G g\zxU PsiUQ
Pzv Au Csk skP H skP \ vz
uQx! i G A\ k CUQ h[P J
Pzv " U\' G mh Au P \ xsk xsh
h[P J uha] uPU PmkQu? Ai, Csh
skU Psn AxP _Q _] Pzv, Auk Au
PvP flash sqv A|P skP \u J uh
\ vz uQx. J sk \ CuU PsPiUS AuU PsPi
KkQx EshQkQx. Ax skP B J |sP
uQx. J u zuP AuS UPzv
Ci |s \. sk |s uUSzu Esk? " xP'
G B aP J (a&6) \UQ! Auu
Cx u G {UQ.''
"". Cx zuPzu CUQx. A zu zxz
u x }[P {uS Cxu Pn. Ax uh
P A? P u zv Pn Pg\Pz vzvUP
KkQx. Axu Ai zu Ps [P USi \vUQx.
, u Cu zx UP Q?''
"" ? azu. A Gu { unzvP
HPuzv EmPxh Cu k PP A~U
soU PshuPPzu u Gx zuP .
|smi zxU PsiUQ. A Pkzu \Uv, A mh
a\u CUS Cu AvP CUQx. Ah P
zvu C. Au, AuU Pmh, Ah , P
C u PPP & P P PP & PmkQ!''
sk |o |k Sv
485
aPzv ]UP Azxmhu G PmjP & Axu

C! C Aua ]UPUS, v\US | . " H I
|k xsizvu UQx?' G PUS | C
u \! Avu complication. Cxu Aua
\ Q. B\ AuU Psk U Ph] u
zvUQ: Ph h \ uPv {Thu E.
Ph]US "" Cu P Uu'' Gu Cuk
\zxU P sk. Avu "' CUQx!
""E G (aP) ix A ""E!'' G
Tkxu. Av J ]UP ]kUP C. UQ .
""Ph'' & "P oUPmh': ""h \'' & i',
Aux Sv kQP P P hUQ iU PQ x
Hk zv.... Cia \ x [P UPzuzu
\x. E[P UPzu. [P Av P u
Pq ix CUQ zu i. P Ci
iUPx UP Au P Csk PqUP h[Q
E[P Azx. Cu E[P UPzu i Gv. u
mi Gx ""i'u. "mi ' GP. AUzv J
mi iUS izx kQ A]US AvPP \P
[Sv G uzuk Pzv A|P nP
CvUQP. AP zxzu "mi ' G
Hmiux. Cu J Ch UQ G[P n, P
QhUQu "mi mi P' Cu "mi
'UQ!...
oUPmk, mi G Csha \zxa \uSzu
""Ph h \'' G "\' miUQ. ""uPv {Thu''
G v ""{Th Au'' G uUS ChSv G
Azu. ""uPv'' G "zx zvx'.
Cu G zuP Pzx |US Azu, "u
oUPmk mi \x , |s BQ zP |USz
uui vUQ' Gx.
J h usi |ku i Au
izv. Ax Au (|k) P u k. Au
Au zv h |qUS GvUP (Gv) Ah oUPmk
u |o |kP u x k. \mh
zu J u~ Au ush, |s Csk |mh |k J ]
Ch mk Ai xsizx, B Av\P Auz
486
u \nP E & 47
xsh[P ]u {uPz u. A Pzuu,

"xsiUP; h mi oPmku Au P[P
zvUQx' G . "Ah US |k
u zv, P |qUS |k | ush
SUQmk AxPz xsizu vz uuu, Ax Cizu.
xsiUP. J. Au izx PsiUS
uh i, Ph[Pu Csk z P[P zx
Cimh EshUQ mh' G B\ \xPU
Pn PmkQ. Cx Ph] .
GuU P Ai UQx, u, Chu Gu v
"" Cu P Uu'' Gu uzvUQ. ""'' & x; ""
& CuP'' G "xUS P CUQ P'. Aux Chx P
""Uu'' & "iUPmh'. u ChxP iUPmh u~P
A [Pa \Q.
""'' G "Chx' G \xsk. Uuzv Cia
] zuP: J zu J Azu, AuS |v Azu
PkUS. ""\'' G "{', "J' G Csk Azu Esk ""v''
G "', "P' G Azu Esk. AP G
Pux G Px G Azu ""'',
""'' (\{\) G zuPUSa "\vx' G Azu;
"mkkx', "xx' G Azu. Ai Cu "' J & x,
Chx G C PkUS. |zv AUS ChUP
, UP v \ kuP | \Qx ""
\ p un u'' G CUQx, "un' G
x. Au u Qhx. Au C[P "', Gx
ChuPzu CuPq G u BQx. B
x "' Gu "x' G GkzxU Px. xu
"\zxU' P. Chx "G' P GQ v Gx xUSzu
H \x. "' uP Cux "A', Aux Chx
uP uP, A[PP, A[QP Cu "A' G
\P. C[Q i x right G, Chx wrong u?
C[P B\\ u GQ. Akzu aPzv
Ah x Ps , Chx Ps \v Gx x
Psn "" u |'' G \UQ P C[P Au
Azuu x. "", Cu GU & GxUS? u Chu
Hu J P u Ah ia_siUP
a_sh u?''
x & Chx i
487
ux. z usih |k P. Au |o |k
P miUQu! C Ci CuS GuUP
izvUQ G uPU Pmiu v QhUS.
C B\ & zuP "GP' squP
kzu; P s sn J[PPU Sizu
sqP \mk PmkP sqx zuP
kQ A & ""P Uu'' G \ UQmkU
Psk "" Cu P Uu'' G miUQ?
"Chx' GuS |P AuP E "' G zu
h "u', Aux " Cu (xUS x) G A
mhx Pnz uku. xP Gu
Ci Chx Pu izxU P. izxUPsk x P
Av A ukzx k. izxU Puh n
Pu U? x Pu Gu PP, facile &BP
sn i. Avz\u Chx P snz ua]
vzxU Px. Au vz ua] Cu u vzxU
Pshu. Aux A x P, " P'zu C[P
\UQ , u Pzu C& Pzu &
izxUPsk U PQ n Pzu "
Cu' Chx P \ . Cv
UP izxU P z\PUS "^
G Pkzxa ]zvUQx.
AUS Au Esk. Ru P, {zu z
]'' GQ. & Au A PU PP mk u~
Cx Psk A squ sqQv, uh
Ezu\i sq P zP A CUP sk G
Eu]UQx Cia \UQ. ""} ]P
Eh Psj u~ CUQ CUS Czu, } E
u~UQU Psk | CUQ CUS Ch sixu!
]US | ]!'' G uzzu Ai "Psh
so | zu mk mh!
Ci Czh u. US uu Au. A
Cz S. Bi Ci CuS zuP
A zx P J aPPU PkzvUQx. A[P
"^' Qx.
A|: S|: zu: Qj au|:>

z: : Un: ^ u|g:>>
488
u \nP E & 47
""A \ CUPmk. AxUS C G ux?

u Amh ]; Aix C[P A
u P ia_siUPu B\ pointed
&BPU PmiUP&[P. G point? Aua \[P?
\Q. J Au z Pzv P izxU
Px | AUS Gu UPzv Cx Psk UQ
Gu zu Auh |o z P mh,
h CUS.
Cx |P, ]zPU P soU Psk [P.
Ah zu u P uP zxU
PQx | AUS Gu UPzv CUQ? Chx
UPzvu. Ah x UPzv Ah P,
uu . |Pa ]z so [P ! A US
Chx UPzvu C. Au A P |kUS mhP
CUQu, Av SUSmhP Cu CUQx. Au
Au izxU Psi Aizu CUPq. AUS x
UPzv Ah P x UP ix. Chx UP mku
| { USi free P Cx.
Ci | USx, A x P izxU
PsiUQ zxU P[P. Ax |
E[P ix z usi zv izxU PsiuP
. Aux 'i' G B\ \ [P mhP
C, E[P UPu u. Cx[Th Au z Pzu
UPzu \, Pa \zx hUQ Azxu tight
&BP snmh CkUS mkUPsk h z P
Pg\ |g\ u \. nP mix. P
| \ux hUSx u Pq Au |P JmiU Psk
\UQ AUS Csk Pq CUS \ ix. i
Pg\ uu Ex & C[P u~ ushzv zv & u
Bzxk.
B "i' G [P UPzu GkzxU Psh Ax
uzu | | | \x C
P JPa \zx zu HP PP CUQx. Cx UPz
ux Cuk Ti A |UPP JmiUPsk P
BU Pq P Au UP Pg`sk uQx. Aux Axu
CkUP hu | P E UPUQx.
489
B u x P izxU Psiu
AUS Chx UP CUPU TiP |US Au |
i UP uix!
Cuh U, |s \. "Ph Gu
oUPmk |s zv uP uh Pkzxa \ Su,
"h \' G mi z usi zv u B\
\UQ. |s v continuity (uha])
Ah USzush zv xsizx uPz uQu?
Ci xsi Ax (u UP
izvUSx AUS ChUP E) | angle & u ix.
|h Ah AuuU P |qUS Aush
UPzv CUSu, Ah oUPmi |s zv
h \P uxk.
(Ax) E uk. oUPmh
UPmh |o |k P v A P uha]
| UP miUQx G E Pmh ix.
Ax Chx P A izxU PsiuP
zxUPsk [P. " ' kiP G
QkQ & i, Axu [P UPU Szxa \sh zv,
Ax u~ zv izxUPsk Csk CkUS C |P
UQx; Ph |o zv v | x
Aik zxkQx.
J v ]UP kzxmh {UQ. Ax,
Czu ua _U Psk Qu G? B \
mjP; \ i clarify sqQ Bzx k
G! Au Akzu aPzvS .
(]x x P Cx Ca _P P
uhQP:)
G: A Da Gzxa \UQ
u Ezuxu. i UPP Ci so.
A, "i [P Pmk QP! APU P
| Jzv i G P&, u uuP
u APUS izu v CUS? Ai
A~UUP C HPuP EmPxh Q! G
zu |zxUPsk Pmh. Ax, C Ea\
Au | kzvUPsk, Ah
zu u~UQUPsk, "| E EuUS A! Cu
490
u \nP E & 48
| BzuPz yUQ izxUPsh Cu. A

Pg\ UQQu nzu mk Az vh.
Hu P zxUPsk "|' sn i G
umiU Psk u . Cx z E Pzv |
Si Sx, Eh & |z[P u~&|nUQU
Psiu Ai BPx; u C' G
\Q.
Au |US Ah[Q Jk[Qzu x
u] uP ukQPu, |
Au vzx \s Ahu u AuS Ah[Q JkVQ
|h Kik!
UPs&USn UQ
Qh, P\, Qk, a] , h, G x
R \Pa \U Psk x, AkzuiP |zzxUS
Q. US Psu \. ""Psn, Pso!'' G
^mkQ u, ""Pu!'', ""UP!'' Gv. U Ph
zxUS uUSU PsP zu P, v |UP
A|P & P, |, \, }u, Ag|, u
kQ Psn, Pso, k[ Pso
G HmiUQ.
(a&47) aPzv Csk PsP passing &BP,
Q UQ, A Psk v CuPa \mh. B
A[P u zxUSzu. A[P AUS \ |U
Psn Aik J \. C[P (a&48)
|z[P \Q.
A: u u || APzPu
z u v }&|Pu>
zw u zi: u&uu&]:
uzu z v&{\: Au\ >> 48
A &ChU PsP }z[P , Psk v
k P]. Csk PsqUS |k E h |z
CuS zP EUQmh u[P ]P Cx. Ax AU
|z. Da AuU Psnz vu G izvUQ!
wPa ]u |UPs.
P C v
491
P P G P Csi Ki Cu Ch& |[P

\v& S. " Uu'zv zv
x \v, Psox ( mku),
x AU EshuPa \u, v G
\v&n[P z x Ps&, Chx Ps&\v,
h |z & AU Gu Qx.
Ex P EshQx. Cuzu (Cu
aPzv) u "E x Ps&""u |''& (
aPzv \ ""'' G zu C[P "x' GuS
vUQx) P CUS u ("AP' & ; "BzPu'
& Ah uU Psiu): "A:' & P; "u' &
UQx' G \UQx. "A" G P, day time.
"A{\', "Az' G "P ' G Azu. ""E x
| zPP Cu P UQx.''
Csh "u ' Guk "|' Guz uzxU
Psk "Eh Chx |' G Azu soU P sk.
Ax. "}&|Pu'': GQ CUS |P \vP CUS
u': ""z v'': "C iUQx'. J |US Gmk
. "Gmk ' Gx Cuzu. Av P, E:P, zP
P | Cmk P Cx [P & Jx
o|u. Au z US "z&' G . "E Chx
| \vzPP Cu C UQx.'' C
\vUSzu Bm]?
""zw u zi:'' & "uP EUS E |z', Chx, x
u |USU SUP CUQu, Au |z & Ax Gi CUQx? ""u
uu'' & "Cxu Pg\ Pg\P z vx x
PsiUQ APk CUQx'. AuS \ n?
"" ]:'' & \ UQx. A &
u. | Bzv US CUQx.
nPo', G Aua \P. Ah h |
Pz uUQx. " Pm' GQ g\ A;
| S H \!
z &ChU PsP P , P
Esk squP \UQP. | B\ Auk
vuP J \P sk! P h |zuxUS J
\ mk mhP. Auzu B\ uPa
\kQ.
492
u \nP E & 48
Cua ]u |U Psnx, ""v {\:'' & PUS CUS:'

""Au \'' & "|k u': ""z' & v Pzu';
""uzu'' & APP EshUSQx!
"v' G P. B xP C mk mk
PUS zv zuP "v', "v', u "|' C[Q
"day' BQ G C \u J | (24 o |zu)U
SkuQmh. Pu |US , z J u
y[Q kQu Ci \ HmiUQx. "u\'
GQ Ax "v'u; zUPUP "v' G Azu.
P \mk z Pzu h? P
n Thx, Thx' G Pmh sP] "z
P'
G
J
Cu
zvP
kzvUPsku P wzxU Pmi? ix P
J v, P ix J v G Csk Q
Cu "u z', " z' P[Pu CPP
zh UP sqQ? ""z u'' u
|h u~h[PUS back-bone &BP CUQx? Au Pzu
h? Ah x, Chx |z[P P C
EshUQ Cu |zv[PUS zv |UPs Cu Csk
PUS zv E z Pzu iUPzu sk?
Av&v BP\zv ] v |U Pso P ]PP
Cu Axu v Pzu UQx Gv u.
A P o Gu Cu aPzv A PsPU
Psh UQUQ.
J | J u iuk Ah
PsP {h. Pzv i&vv&[Pa \
vzvP Au iUQ G C aPzv
(a&53) \Q. A[P ]U Ps G Jz u UP,
GU PsP xP E \P, , P
GQP n[P , z, u G
Sn[PUS BaP CuP, Cu zxUS k
i g\ HkuPP A , z
u q, u zv z hzx, AP
h, P, A ua \uP \Q.
C[P A a \ Chzv (a&55)
z uP CUPmh A zu, zu
EshUSuPa \u G AUSz u kQx. Au, ""}
|zv z
493
Psn i P A; vu i EuQk. Cx
Eu P AUThx G E u {UQx. Au }
PsnU Pmh CUQ'' GQ. uP Ps Pmh
mhP Gx zu. | v Cz u uP
mkUPsk zxUS ux, { | mk PsnU
Pmiu, A P mk mhuu uv A
Ah Psk Psk mh G Pu! AUS CU
Pmk CuuSU Pn, ""Pmi, P Axk!'' G
A {xu G B\ APP, z uzu
zxa \Q.
USn BaP A PsP E n[P
C uP J aPzv (a&54) n \Q.
P[P |v. ] ix Q |v!
P |v. "P' G P & "PP' GQ v.
USU Pv G . Qn u Ex Ax. "Qn'
G "P' G Azu. Cu Cshk v GuPU
PsqUSz u AuP & under-ground current &BP & J |v \x
P "zo' GQ. B\ v mk mk
\n G |va \zxU PQ. Pn Axu ] |vP
Cx. "\n' G ]. Ana ]US \n G .
P[P&], &q, G \n&A G \.
A \ U|a. \n |v U|a
] \n zUP QhUQx. "' G \Q Cu \n |v
| Q { \nz GkzvUQ. A Pso
, P , \ G Cx P[P, , \n
GQ s }zu[P [PUQx. Au
C ""A|P''P CUQx. ("AP'; "A|P'& Cu
{.) Cimh [PzuU Pshu A vi |
zu UQ | zkzumk G siU PQ.
""z Px |:'' G C[P UP |:'' mk, "|
zPmk' G GUPP universal prayer &BP sqQ
z |h B\.
|z z
""zvU P'' G u[P PU Pzx A
P J vzushP AUQ. Au v, Auk "C\
A[P' \zx B\ |h uzzv soUQ.
(a&49)
494
u \nP E & 49
\, Pp, h]z (h]: Az) S:

Uu (B)u, Q x, PvP>
Aw zi&u &|P&u
z uz&u&|&n&U u >> 49
(u) Ex (zi) (\) \P (Pp)
[PP, (h ]:) UP JQ (S:) S
(Az) snuuP, (Uu Bu) AuUS
BuP, (Q x) oUPsn CuP, (P
vP) CP A~UPzuUPuP, (Aw) uP, ( |P
u ) mhn[P mh EhuP (uz
uz | n U) Au mhn[P J
Shk uSv uuP (u) [SQx. (z) Cx
vsn.)
Cv "Az' u "u', "x', "Av'
(E Axu) & BQ F P G A|PP GUS
uvUS. "\' G u zuP x J F u.
u|zxUS Ai J . "" z \!'' G P
kP. nzv az nPk P[Pz
usi A vUS Q "\' G J F uuP
CUQx. "Pp' G F Esk. "Ps' G US
hUP CUQx. Ph u\zv h "Po' G
CUQx. B\ | Su u\ [Q Au
u\zvSU Po u|P. k J Pzv ua \U
\ kzx A i uyUQx "Po \U
hi' G Cu Fxu Bm] soP.
"Pv Gx C |P. Pz G SzvUQ
ChzxUP Pv G CuuPz uQx. "P' G
UPP \x CuU "Pz'u. Au UPzv AU PhUS
Gulf of Cambay G . J z { SvUS
AzukzxUPsk Q Au Sv mk u \ (} {)
vz ux AuS gulf, bay G Csk uP uuP. Bay
Gx uP Cx; gulf A uux. Bay of Bangal
uP CvUS US |k CUQx. Gulf of Mannar
]uP CvUS [PUS |k CUQx. (]zx) Gulf of Cambay
GQx Cambay & "bay' u Ax gulf &u! uP, P
Cu "Sh' G, ]uP J \ Azx ix ku
"Sh' G u \QP. u\zu z "Shx'
|zv z
495
Hkzv \u "Sh' Gx. P ShUS ux,

Pzv zu xP miP Cu "Pz'u Pv
G uQx.
"' G Ph u\zv
|P, u[S u\zv PS Pv UP G
zvh Bm] |hzvP u |P C.
z uuPP |PzxUS "Vijaya' G,
u[S |PzvS Viziya' G [ kP. Cx
Gi? |Pu |P G zuP
Cu zvSz u|PP Cux. AuS uzxU Pkzu
zs P "z|P' G UP zuxu
A " |P' G mhx. Au |P uux v|P
sk zvu. C |P Bv \, Au
u B\ | CuuPz u. Au A
\x u Bv |P. SzUP. Ru i,
""G[P Qn, A CUQP A[P ()
G Qx. Szzv u A AUS Eu]zux, "'
G J hzu AUS zuzv zu A~Uzux ?
Ci Gmk FP m Pkzvv & un FP,
zv A u G; Ah zi
u g\zu ux. Ax G |P[P
Ax x A[P UQ [P Pn
Qx. BuzuU Pmi hkzx |P[P
. A Ps zi |P |PPz u zu
uzxUPsk Q! Au zizu "" |P u
'' GQ. Ai A|P |P[P & |P[P &
Psh Av Gmi Ah zi \ TkuP Hmk Au
Gmk ] vUQ. A Pzu
aPzv \UQ. Cv \ G Au FP
US G Azu Ax Ah ziUS x J
nP CUQx. Ai C \[P Pmi Cu aPzua
\vUQ.
"\', "Po', "Az' G Au Gmk P
zik \zx \ zi G, Pn zi
G G [P AUmhP hL (vmh
mh n) PkzvUQx. Cx bPzv. Au
Pz u Azui \Q.
496
u \nP E & 49
Ah zi x x Cu "\' P
Pnzu EshUSu "Po'. "Az' G. "zuzv'
iux' G Azu. CS \ UP Au \z G
zu so iui A xPP m[PP
Pmh Pzu[Pk PmiuP. Ax, "uUP Gu \z
Au iUPz xox uv; BP zu G
G uu "Az'P Ax Cux' G \.
Cu Gi Ah zik zvUQ;
zi |zzvx Eshu Au |zPa \xsk.
unP "SU PsP' "S Jzu PsP' GuP |zzu
S US P J \P. Cv Ezu
Ezu mhumi "S US Ps G \xsk.
x, C, aggressive &BP & "' GQP, Ai
& \xsk: "S PsP GuP! Cu C[P
B\ "S iu PsP G \ " iu'
GuS ""Az'' G miUQ: "Az S:'
Ah zi U zvS BuP Cu ""U
& u Bu'' G \ u |Pzv JmiUS CmiPz
vUQ. JmiUQmiP U Pkzu h F?
u uP U QhUPmk GQ v zu vUQx.
A x Ah zi Gzu xUS?
Au Ax "x'Qx. h x Mathura G tha &PP
\x. "u x' G | PiP CUS si
uz u Madhurai G dha mka \x. |P {z
{z Cu "|h x.' ("|h' G |k AzvU
Psk Su uzxh \uP zxU P).
Pv Gx P J Ch \QP.
FP "|P'[P B\ C[P \u A \
"Pv' P J Sv mk ChP CuQ.
u Pzv u, A[P Q P[P CsiS Pv G
sk. Pzv mk uP, u P
BQ P[P Qx. u Pzv AuS uQ G,
Pzv Rv G, uzv Pv G . B
B\ Cu aPzv Pzx |P[P \u u
P[P, Au u C[P PuQ. A
\ Pw ux Au mh Pz
zUPq.
PsP & Pu
497
Au viUS Gi xQx? "Pv' G

"A~PzvS Ex' G Azu. A zi mk | mk
mh Auh A~zvS E P J CUP i?
Au Ax "Pw' u! DaUS P ux Gu Pv.
"Aw' G uP Cx. "', "' G
Rzu[P Qu Ax, "'+A'; G ' G Azu.
"A' G "''. "A|' G n. "Aw'& x. Ah
zi u Aw! E GQ Uvz
mhnzvP Av G . , u CsiS Av
G Cx, A Si CuPP zu Av
G u E G zxU PshP G
\QP. Cu Av EUPTh "\' G
CvUQx.
Az, x (h x G zxU Psh), Av BQ
u P C. G F
\. |P |PP vU \u Ah
zi P CUQx: |P u ''.
Pzv Azu |P[P A zi mh
aPzv \ GmkUSz u Au ziUS \, Pn
u Sn[P P A CUQx. PP mk
Cu , Cu |P[P ShzuUP Uu Au
ziUS CuPa \ ivUQ: "uz uz | n U
u''& "Guu |P[P zi u vUzv u
Au UPzuUP uSv uP Au zi
[SQx' G Azu.
"|' G "Azx x' Ps Pmi Azx
uu | |hUP iQx. Aux Axu | "h'! "|P' G
ha \x "|' umhxu. "|u' G Ai
, \ PmkQ. "|u ' GQP?
"|z' "|u' "|' "|P' v uh.
| a UPzv hP AzxQ Ah |zzuz
xnPU Psh & UP xnsk'' G "A' Auv'
Azva \UQu: Ai |zzuz xnPsh & u\
J zh Cu aPzv B\ so zx kQ.
|z \zuk z zvU Pmk Pz \!
Pu PsP
Puh Ah |z[P |P ukzv
Akzu aPzu (50) \vUQ.
498
u \nP E & 50
P| u&uP&PuP&P
Ph&&&P PnP >
Ag\u zm u |&u&u
A Pz AP&|| Qg]z An >> 50
(P|) PPh (u uP) z [Pzv (Pu HP

P) u J _UQ (u) Ex (Pn P) CPxP
(Ag\u) h UPsk (| Bu u)
|[P ]uSz xiUQ (Ph P)
Ph G zv (AU PxP U P) Smi
skP (A Pz) Ah |S TiuP B (AP
||) |U Ps (Qg]z An) ]a \ (UQx).
""A Pz'' G G \Q, US A,
Guh A? z \Uv {v A G[P ux?''
Ax? Ah PsPUSu JUS Csih
A! ""AP'' G |. ""AP ||'' & |UPs. AuSz u
A. Au zu HU Pg\ ]x mhx. ""Qg]z'' & Pg\;''
""An'' & ].
Au Ps H ] G zxU PP \z & U
\ AUS Cx AU |zu w va ]vUQx
G \ izx kQP. Cx A . Ax AU,
Au ]P G, x Ps P sign Hu,
EuP Chx Ps Au \v " ' EuP
CUPq? Ai Pn! uP uUP si x
Ps, {P si Chx Ps Csk UP J zu
CxPsk Phuzu UQ? BP, |UPs
mk AU P Gu ]UQx G Pnzu JUP
ix.
PP Cx Aia \ uuS C[P
B\ Pn \Q. G \Q?
""Bv PsP J PPzu P[S
Cu. Cx zu h |z mk ]PP UQx!
A, Esh P ]UQu C! Ai Cu
PsqUS A |P Hmkmhx & AuS Ah
un P (\UP) C, "P' & Azu \UP' &
Hmkmhx. Auu ]xmhx'' GQ.
PsP & A
499
""Cia \mh Ba\? uu b \US (bU

PsqUS) A Hmhx G, Guh Hmhx, G
Pnzv Hmhx G mPU Pmi
sou JUP i.''
""Cu? Csk PsPhu CuS A. Gu
Hmhu P soh i'' G aPzua
\vUQ.
PP A AzuP uz squ A \
\zxU PmQ. A Pu Ah Pu uP J
BUv (\) GkzxU Psh v Cu xvP zu
soU PsiUQx.
""P| & PPh. "u' G zu `{,
circumstance G zxU PsiUQ. A\[P HPa
\vxu "u'. Ch, , H u A\[P ^PU
Tiu zu `{ EshS Gu Ci
PQ. B u C A\[P zuP
U PkUQ Gx "u' u. Bi zv[P,
[P, | [P, P \Uv, zuP, mh
G HP, PPa \zxa \zx z uQ
zzvS "u' G . | aPzv "u' Gx
Cimh ^ APsh PuPzu. PP C
""uP''P |UPU PmiU PkUQP! "uP' G Pzx,
[Pzx. C[P US UPz ukzu Pzx. [Pzx G
Avx Pu (u) q! Ai Pu [Pzvx
|[P uP Q. Ah Px GQ BUS Cuz
u Ju B. Gu A \hmh !
""PuPP & Pu HP P'' & Cuz u J zx
S.
Pzv ] \UvP uvP A|u \Uzv Cua
\x Cu ""PuP P''zu miUQ. AP
"z' GQ bQ Pzv F u mk zxa
\kuP A[P \UQ: ""z z P
PuPP''.
C[P P nP Puz uU Sizx uk Csk
PxPzu ""Pn P'' G \x. Psn a
\Q Chzv PxUS G C Uz? Pn CUQx.
500
u \nP E & 50
Ah x, Chx BQ Csk PsP Gimh?

"Pui' G A ox UP. Quzv Cu
"Pnu au |z' GP. uu }sh }sh Csk
PsP Pu z umk kQ. u UQ J
Qsnzu z umkmh A AuU Siuu
PQk? Ai, Pzu A PxU Qsnzu
z ukQ PsP J PP Au xzv & Pua
_ ]v & QkQ. Pumk |Pmh G
A h JmiUPsiuzu ""Ag\u'' GQ.
Ah x, Chx |z[P PU PsPiUP A
A , Pv US Pu Pu zuU SiUP
Bzxmh. P Gv G zu A PskU
SmiPP CUQ ! P sk&|s EshuP
aP \! ""'' & sk. \zv AUS
"P' G . "sh' G Azu. H "sh' G
A[P. A P P CUQ & P! Au Pa
_a _ x ]uz uU SiUP A P CUQ.
""P'' Gv ""P'' G Smi, G Azu. ]
u , G zu mh mha \mkU
PshUPz u Pz uU Siv Ai K ]P
Ah PsP Cu "Smi skP'.
Cv Pg\ H zu A sqQ ! AUS
Pzv u&[P \ snsi CUQx. Cu
duty &US |ku nP Pua _ A CzxU
PshUQx. "mi' mk mk mkU PmkU Psk
EmPu A EshS. G \ G zx Uv
sqQ. Pg\ H zuu sqQ! ""|
PhuP PzxUS CUPmk. Ax AuU Phu
u Pzv u[P \ sok. Au zv
| "Pu' soh!'' G Csh zvP
ia_ mk kQ.
""Ph '' & "' G "'; \USU Pmkx'.
"Ph' G PsPi; PhUPs . | h CiU
PsPi uSzu \! Gu |P Ehzx
squh Pg\ P, delicate &BP so v v.
| hU PsPi \zx zuu ASUS AS,
AUS A! "Ph' G Axu & side-glance Gx. u
"PhU Ps' GuPU Pso Ph Pzv x
uzu siU PQ.
Pso A
501
""|u a_'' G A {UQ. "" skP PxUSU

Qmh
Auz
umhu
Av
u[QUQ
"P|&u&uP&Pu'zuU SiUP i. Au \ Ci
A PsPi E Pvh u, u PhU Psn
PhuP BQmk. P n mk mkU Pu, mk
PmuP C, CU Pmk u squ
nUPPU PhuP BQk'' G {zx Csh
\x ia_ mk kQ!
Ph G zv (pretext & Cia \ Av H,
trick CUQu BQx) A Pu sqQ Gx P
wzv Pu zvPP iUPPa \x. uzv,
|US Ah Qz u Phzu z uSv
CuxTh, Pn Pszu Q. A
""A U Ph'' GP. C[P Ah Eu
Pzua \ sk Gxu |UP AuPP, Pu
Pmu PhuP \US USU Pmi kQ G u
soUQ!
Cu CUPmk. zw |zzv (x Pso) A
\ G?
x&Chx PsPu Pu KkQ. Au A P
Ph G \USU PmiU Psk Pu z umkU Pu
sn iQx. h|zzv [Pv? Ax SUP vertical &BP (
|UQuP) CUQx. Au zvx u Q
| u Kh i. PxUS UPzv Ax Q \
C; Ax Aik iu P.
Da Czu PnP uzv[P u P
x Pv u[Q, Ch&U PsP skP P
Ask sk SiUQx, u mk Av J
\mkUTh sn iu "H]'P {Q Gv h
|zvzxUS u S! Csk PsPh A [SQx!
Cu A Hmh Bzvzvu Ax ]xmhx!
""AU |z, J; Au Ah
|U Ps An {P BQ CUQx'' G Ci B\
mPU Pmi sqQ.
""Da '' uzv[PU Pmk A UQ G |
\x & u mkUS Ai xmhx! & Aia \ Cu
aPzv Bu. B k (60; 66 BQ) Csk aP[P
502
u \nP E & 51
v n uzuU Pmk A uP Qx
A J (a.66) ""u Au _u:'' & ""_v
uu P'' v i n ]zu G CUQu,
Ci vUQx! Ax uP uzxa \si .
v Pzu u uP Q aP (a. 60)
""z: Uw: Au P\:'' G Csk "'P
mkU Psk BUQx. HP Bu, u ,
]u|u , a[P G zu. C[P C Csk
\Qu G Cv "Au 'u . v zu
mk (word-play) CUQx. Ax "P\ ' A; ""P\&'.
"P\' J zu, "' J zu G zu \S. "P\' J
zu, "' J zu G UPsk.
"Au ' G Au US. v Uv G
Ah xUS G Azu. (Uv', "Uu' G "+EUu':
"APPa \mhx', |US', "C\'. uzv
uz[PUS Uu G ; Uu, Uu, z
Uu, xPUu & Ci) v US "Au UQ
] Ax'; Aux "Auzuh xx' Gu
"Au& P\&' Gu Azu. ""P\'' G "\x'
Ax "]'. "' G "Ax'. PP xv
Puzu uPa \ PxP C[P v UvP
izx zxUP "_P' zv. GQ. _P G ]u
wzu zv. Cua _P Pu C[P J BP
EPkzxQ. v mhU Pmk zx AP ]LP
\ x Pv Ssh[P n n \vUS A?
CuU "Px' GQ Au B v ]Qzxa \ Bu
zu GQ.
|:| {
Pu |zuU PsP Bu \ua \ AuU
PsP
Gi
|[P
u[P
ushkQ G \Q (a. 51)
] a[Pz uz&Cu | Sz|&

P[P Q\&\u w >
u &U&|}
R u |{ zi:Pn >> 51
503
Psou G u; P Ena]P vx
Axu. Pu J zu Pmh ix. Euk J vPz
xivx Pzu, C v xiUS xUPzu,
] |u uzu ux P. UP
Eg] xUP mk u. P [P ux Psu.
P, Pn , P, , A, A, ,
\u? & AzuUS PsniP zuU Pmkx
Ps. |hP |[P "\P' G Azuzv Pn
mk, Ph, Ah Pn CUQu, Au
A Pn Ph G \PU Pmkx Psu. \zP
E[P k x zuU PmhU Psnzu P
PP h sk. Pg\ mh
k. Au vu |mkQ |i, |iP BQP PsP
Gi Gu zvS CUPq, Au UP Pzx
A|UPq.
C[P, Cu P |hPzu sqQ z \Uv
PsP | Pmkua \Q.
][P Av Gx {Qx ? GUS uU Tixu.
& ahzv u AUS ][P: ] a[Pz.
"Bz' G "|u'. ] P ][P zv F
|u ""] a[P Bz''. iP Az u An
Pv UQ A a[P zxUS zvUQ mh G
Chzv (a&92) \UQ.
JU Pshh a \zxU Px ][P. CuS |
Gv, J zu zvzv Azx Sx. ][PzxUS opposite
Pzv US z A. PuSU Pnsk.
a[PzxUSU Pn C. ""PuUSU Pso'' GQP. Cu
v, Pn C Hkx Au. J mh
zuh G[P Qx G[Th Pn Eh
T_Qu? Cxu ][PzxUS Gv. CuS "z ' G .
""^!'' G Azxz usi A][P Sn[P {u |
uPU Qmha \zxU P AUS z Esh? Esk. J
J uzv Esk. DaUS A{ P SuPP
Ah v u AUS Az u[Px.
Ax A PsP z uUS. Au ] C
\vuPP mkU Psk x ] {u
sox AUS Hmh zzuU Pu S zv
P ozvUQ.
504
u \nP E & 51
uz Cu | Sz|&& ""uz&Cu'': Au ]z u Cu; "|''

P [Ph; ""Sz&'': AU Psh. "Sz'
Gx zzuU SUQx. Cv uzv z uUP
& Ax iU Pu zuz
uzxk!
A Pso z (Pk P) G Gx u?
P[P
z Ju. C v & P[P & Da
uUS yUQ zxU PsiUQ! A zu u
CUS & z & [SQx. \UPzvU Pa\!
("Pz'G shmi "Pz' & C shmi "Pz'u
"\UPzv'Q mhx) uUS Eh Chx v mk Pkzxmk,
P[Pz u zxz u[SQ v! CuPP vh
P . vu A? P[P u P [SQx!
~ zv A zxa \ CUQx!
Azu Gx J Av\ [P EshQ
u Ax. A |zzv Azu ux Gu
Q\&\u w. "' G "Q\ G "Q\' G
DaUS Csk P "Q\' G PQ
G Azu. "Q\' G P Q CUQ G Azu.
P|u Da \z[P & zuu[P & PmPU PmP
{UP {UP A \vUQ Azu[P A Ai
Q kQ. ] PUS i C. ""] n'' G
}Psh wu GvUQ. "An' G "z'. v
, u u, P u, P . AuP u,
, h, |h ush, G
Azx | & Ci Gzu! Cu \u zvxu "]u
' SQx G Au uzzv B\
\UQ. P Cu CiU PnUS UQ
sqi BUQ A u G Cu "u '
Bzux. Ah Pzv CUQ AzuzxUPP A
Ahu G, uq (mh Pmh) A Ci
A \u Azu |US Auh UQx!
A "|P' Gu . A A. v
x x \Q | Azu US Au Ph. E u A
u' G | uz B aP J zu. AUS
zv "AP' G . Aimh PzvS
Bxsh?
|[P
505
K, Esk! Czu mk v Ai J! ][Pzua

_U Psk "|P' G CUQu. Ax Au. v
A Ssh{ UQ. Aimh a
mkU PsiUQ P zu x |k[S!
Ci ! u & ""'' Dah; ""A'' &
Ph; ""u''& u.
A zvS Q. , shvP
uzv UP B A. B \PiUQ Pk
Ak \zxa \ B\US UQx!
Au u \ v A |z
PmkuPa \UQ. "x' GuS CUQ
\sh\[Th sh G G, ""u \
!'' GP, ""u \ !'' &
"" U '' G \UQ. "] {
zuU Pmkx. u ]. Au ] UQ
Q Azu' G P GkuxU
PmiUQP.
"' GuS v & " E' Gv Q
v""{'' G hu CUQx. C[P ""u \
zu'' G hP zuz ux P iP
Azu HkQx.
(u \ AP PsP) EshUSu ,
u , Cx |P Au |z[P sqQ P G ua
] CUQx. Cx zu [P Pzu Ax
zu mk Ah |zzv Hmh "U'P u.
C[Pu, u \ EshUSx Ax x, |P Au
|z sq "hUm BU'!
sh? "Pi' GQP! UP
"miP CUQ |US Axu { siUQx? Au
\Q! ""R '' QPhzv A ]zx ]
sqQ! Ax A Pso vUQx. S G
Cuzu zxa \x.
Cx a[P, z, z, Azu, |P, ,
G H zx mh. | G Csk UQ. A Pn
\P, \u BS.
Bu o A [P "mkUP'
|izxU PmkuPa \ vTh \PzuU Pmi G
506
u \nP E & 51
B\USa \ ! u bzv A xUPmk

SU S AvUQ. C A|P nU PuP
u[P Da A \zuuP, Au Ax
U PmkU Psh G CUQx. B Pz uUS Ax
Gu GkzxU P . Au (a. 47&)
A. [P zv ku zxz u \mk
Au UQ. & ""| [P '' & G \, Aux
Ah Pn Pg\ \P AhuuPa \, Ai
C[P Pn zuU Pn zxUS \zxU Pmi kQ. A
Jzuh Pn zu Q G Av implied &BP
(EmQhP) G CUQx? A zx, ""I !'' G
A~u Psk, Az yUQkQ Gu Azu? Jzu
\P "Pn' { vshkQx Ah "v'u
A "Pn' Ph Q. Cu "v' A
Ah \Pzu (Pn zu) "' soU PQ
HmkkQx. Ci P, Pn zv
A \P~zua \Q. Auk EUPP
\Q. B\UP w [Ph CUS "v',
Pn u APUS v{vQ kQ! Ci BQ u
zx GUS A Pn zvUQ:
u |{ zi: Pn
z uP CUQ ! [PU Pmk E vi G
zv Pn {uuP CUQx'' G Azu.
"|:'', ""|:'' & ""G[PUS'', ""G[PUS'' G
GUPP zvzu B\ C[P uP (w{)
A Pn v mk, ""'' "GUS' G u JUS
zv Au zuUQU Pv Bu Ezu CUQx. C[P
A Azu USu, Cu _Pzua \Q Azu
zvS v{vQ CUQ! Au "AzuUS' Gu
Azu Cu zu sn zx Ah Pn
PhzxUS " m' EPPa \xkQ! [P
Szx AUS Hh, CuU Pn Ju ""''
(Gh) G zvUQ P HkQx?
, \u zua \ Gmk zuk aP
ixmhu! | C!
Cu Gmk [P zxz uS x Hk {
CUQu, Ax \u ! Basic &BP (Aih) A Axu!
] &
507
]P A CUQ { Ax. Cuzu (Cu aPzv) u

zu ""]'' G Cu SUQx G \. uz
Bzv ] \Uvmh A\ \uUPq G
\, C[P "]' G Bu Au \u {u A\x
Pkzx A \Q Gmk [PP nzux G uz
uUPkQx. AU P G zx uzv
x soUPsk u Ci \uzu |UPPU Pi
Pmi mkh G B\ {zv UQx.
\ G, uzzv u aP "]' G
BzvUQu "]' G BUQ Cu aP P
v ix Q 51&x aPP CUQx! | u[P |k zv
|k|PP "]' | Q Cu u zx
B\ A~UzvUQ.
"" Gmkzu. \u C. A~UQ, A~, Au
Ena], Qa], CxPz ysikQ [P G \uu
. Cu J Ai Ah[Q Jk[Q, PU
QhUS \u A~P Cu Au G Gia
\x? G B[PPP (A[P \vUPP) ]
BzvUQP. CuPvP AP ] [PUS
Ex \uzu EshUSQ u, background (o)
u C, Au ysikQ C, Cu
zxUS ASPP C CUQ, Cu zxUS
xnP C E&[P CUQ G uPa
\, ""Cx u. Cxu [PUP '' GQP.
Ci Csk TP (P)
aPzvu zu, B\ ""|u u''
Gu! Akzu Cu aP Ah PsP |hP [P
u a \vUQ C[P |P
\uzu \zxzu, \? C PLTh
CuPkzu aPzvu QhUQx. A[P (a. 52&) u
uh nP Ah BUQ ]
mk Ah \u zu miiUQ GQ. "" zx:
]zu \ zn'' & " ] \ zu
mi GQ. "\' G AhUP. Avxu "\v' G
zu ux. "\v' Gua ]zx "\v' GQ ?
Ai "\'zua \u "\' \ G \u u.
v, uzv Bu P |hzua \x
508
u \nP E & 51
(a. 41) ""| ush'' G hPa \. Bi

B\ |U PP JU Psh G {uPz
uQx. B \Uv G \k \uQ mh
Ah A\ AUP B aPzx ] v A
uzxU QhuQ k u sn UQx.
] Gmk u G \, ] \uzu mk,
"z'zu u Pa \zuUP P AuS Esk G
Azv Au zux Pa \UQP. "" zi:
Pn'' GuP B\ Az u G \z uU
SuUQU Pv Au z xkQx.
BP Gmk [P hP, Csh \P J
aPzv A J A P ukzv B\
U PmiUQ.
\ \!
"u' \P E A|P ASP C
| x. Ax |z ux. | G |z
u? "\' G \x PzxUP zuP,
vP CUPmh x |P. Bvx C
ix PsiUQ A PsnP zu
. A u uz[PUS Csk PsP v
CUS "u |'zv u \
Cu {zx USx SP HP Cux.
B |P Pzx zu S S {. Csi
| |Pa \mh \Pa \zu CUQx.
Ehzxa \uu AUS v \ G uQx.
yzuh zxUSzu \ v?
u | A ozxU Psk x
""Uz&&&\&|\|'' G J | \Qx. "Uz
' G Ah P Pv. Ax J P ()
CUQx. Ci Pu UPkzx KkQx G & } UQ
CUP sk! Cu Pv zzv G[P ?
}sk }sk [S Ah |z CUQu Axu .
\ G Ps G x. UPku P("P'
G x. UP ku P), v izv CUQ
\ & "|\'. "|' G AmhPa \
"|\' G \UQx. J S wux.
509
""u ' G Qx? A|P |P[Pk Ah

|zzu ukzva \ aPzv "x' Gx u
x | a \mh Fa \u!
Ax u, Cv A PsP oUS A|P aP[P J
(a. 56) usk P:
un (u&An) Pn &||&_&\Qu:
{u u {u A{: \P: >
""An'' & "An G h AP!' uSP
A Au so a uU Pn soU P
sk Pk uu Pzv P zvx u
Ev \P mkx \mhP, C AuU Tha
\h _zu Euu "An' G
Pu \UQ. "n' & C; CTha \hu
"An'. ""u'' & E; ""Pn'' & Pv, Pvh; ""&|'' & _x
PsP; ""_ \Qu:'' & u[P U P \Q G
hu; ""\P:'' & s P; ""A{:''' & Ps
huQ; ""u'' & zxUS; ""{u'' & Q kQ
Gx; ""{u'' & {a\.
H Gx zv mhzv }u EUS
}vU PsiUQx? CuS C[P B\ J Pn PUQ.
Puk A PsP P zu. Pzv J sk
a]Th mk P Pu P P vUSP vU
Psh CUQ. Ax J A PsPiUS
x Puz umkk UQx. Ax A Pvh
_Q v PUSz uQx. G ? Ezv
Cu P AuU Ps vu CUQ. u P~UzxUPP
AuU Ps K \g\u zxU "P' AiUQx zu Cu
P K J zv g\zxU PshUQ.
Cu PUS izxUPsk kQx! Ah PsP
Ah Pvh, "P Gk mi kQ'' G
PU P \Q G ! PsPh "i'U
Pmk, \Uv Cu A xUP P "BU'
GkUP xmh? Cu zvu }mhzv }u
A EUS P Q kQ!
u xu kUS Jx Psh v,
A PsnSUSz u P zv EmhzxUS
kQ! \P: G s P GAzu. _ & G
510
u \nP E & 00
P \x. P mkx GQ Ax. "\Qu:' G zv

|k[QU Psi G Azu.
A Psnk zu \u iS, g\US zv
Csi uk G z[P zxUS,
Abu BQkQ.
x | B U Szv Cv. Pn
Ah PsnQ mQ Ax A[P uPmkv G J
zv HmiUQx.
AP |z[PUS zzu J \, Ax Jx
PshuP TQ Cu "u ' aPzv B\
|zu \PU SkQ.
Cshx S wux!
""A{:'' & "PsnU Pmh' G aPzv a
\UQx. (Ps PmkQ |u "{' Gx) A Ps
Pmkv G CuS aPzvu Cu "{' u P
soa \ CUQ. A Ps iz vv Pzv
i, A; vu i, i A! Ai AU Thu
G Ps PmhUQ GQ. u v G Ps
Pmkv. AuP A P Ci nU PnU
PnPU PzvUQ. C Pn uQx & Ps
PmkQ Au fraction of a second & (|iz xP) PzxU
SuPUP u Phu Qmh k, Ai
BPhu Gu A PsPmhUQ G!
H Aia \? y[Sv G traditional belief
( |UP). AuP B\,Pso P i Pv
uU Pmk A G[P uk \sh h zv
AimhzvS xk Gu A[P Ps Pmh
alert &BP (EP) Cx PsiUQu Pn PUQ.
""G A }mi, A!''

| {zuu Akzx, Cu uzzv |g\z
ukuP E aP[P J & AP Phzu Q
zvuP Qx (a. 57) Ah PsPx [SQ
Ph Au B\h nP x PsiUSx,
Ah UQx AuP [Q u aP Cx. B Cv
""E Ph Gh [Q x u[QUQx'' GP P wP
Pz u |US
511
AuU PhUPs uUS[ThU Qmhq G skQ! uUS'U

Qmhsk G mk; "uUSTh'U Qmhsk GQ.
J |a]P & Uv bzv P \Uv Pu v
]PP Cx xUTh A Cu | B\!
uzv Pz u\zv, Pz A~zv vzxU
Psiu A|P P & |, B P & "Cu
|US u\ QhUS? G { iu
UQ. Hi CUQu: Au v u\ Qmhu |US Ax
QmkuPP G uP q Ai snz
u. Au, | zuU PzxU PuPP uzuk
A sqx G zxU PsiUS P,
"CUS u! Au | \U Pk'
G {UQ. |P A A~zuP A u A
UP kzx. Bu Aimh, A A~UQ,
P US | P siuP
"h' UP UQ.
C[P Aizu B\ A h zvUQ.
z\ zR u&uu&}z&\
u w| | U A ]>
A|| u v | \ u {u
| P&{u P: >> 57
""z\'' G BUQ zu via \Qx. ""Psn'',
""'' G C Azu GkzxUP. A Psn,
zu SkQ.
""zR'' Guh }shx G comparative degree & \x
""zR''. J ChzvxPsk ChzvS uP
Pzv Pzuk "P' so, A Gh
wUPx A GQ. ""z\ zR'' G ""
y \ UTi Phzv'' G Azu }sh
PsPx }sh y Ph. Ps }siu Ezu z
nPa \P.
J AUPUSU Su Gx u Ps US CUP
sk G CUS. AiUPu x x Ax yu,
\u, Pu zxU Psi.
AUS g\zv CUS G oP SuP.
512
u \nP E & 57
PUSuPu. P vzuP, APhPh

\QP G[Th AUS a\U SuPu. J
uUP a\U Suz u US zxU
Px g\zv P[P, P, , sk G Azu
a\U SuP u US A zxU PsiUQ.
Aux Ah zi g\zv Pi zvUQx. AuU
Pi G[P CUQx? g\zxUS G C. Galaxy, nebulae,
Aux |zvU Tmh[P, |zPUTh Pz uu mh[P
G Ax mkUS i \iui CUQx G imP
\QP. G Cu g\ A US CUQx
G Au Gux Gu Azu. Ax
}...sk Psh shzv Azu SuP
Qx & ""zR.''
P UP Qx Gu Ax uSv UP GQQx.
,Cx Auh Sn \, \. zx
GiUQx?
u&uu&}z \
"]' G | G CvzxUP "hm' G zxU
PsiUQ. Uuzv Cu Azu Cu, UPU Ps
G CvzxUP Jzu "]' Gx SUQx. "" ]:''
G (a&48) \x Ah h |z u[Pz
u P\zuk Tix G Azuzv vUQx. A[P
""u&uu ]:'' G mh v C[P ""u&uu }z
]:' GQ. AUP US |UPs . C
PsP }z.
Csk "' P[Ph "}z' GQ u x
x CUQx. "u' GQx Ci Cmh "'P
\ CUQx. J |P \Qx ]U P, P, a\U P,
]U P G zx zx UQ UQ zx Cx
zuP Auu ChzxUS zuP \u \, Azu \,
\u \zv Azu \ G zx Cxu Ezu P
n.
v u AUS }z G . u
{vP A[P P \. "P' u G uvUS.
"}z' Gx "P[S'. "Ez' G "S
'. } G \zu P[S GS. xP Uuzv
"}' G blue, Un' G P G UP "}' Gu
513
P G Azuzv . C[P zv P[S Gx {P

} EzPzu CUQx! u "P' G QxU PP
C!
\u a\ P\ AS G P[SUSU Su
P\ AS AvUQx. zu PsqUS "' US.
Au }z P Bi BiU Psk Kh z xPk \x
Sa]P CUS. Pn |u Ah Csk PsP
zv |u }z v u ûP P
PhuPP Pzv J PiUS Pi Bii CUQ.
}z E, Au } { , }P Cuk Ax
v }P Cx, Avx Sa], Ci
Ai A\x & Czu zu[P! ""\'' & "J'. Cu J
Psn u & zvhx v. Cx T]
PsqUS uP CUQ Su } J.
}z &ChU Ps z u zvUQ;
|U Psqhu A. Da |U Psnz
vu HkQ Ezu uuxu? AUS |UPs
Cu, A Auz vu zuu Gx C!
"}z' GP "u&uu' G Ah
PkzvUQ. "uu' G ] i mkUPsh vz
vvx. C[P "u' G Azu. |PU T Sx
\v a mhh, Tu Aua \mh J P Pkzx
iUPzxz vUQx Cu Bu "uu'. "uu'US
"u' G Ah \x |P soUQx & "uuu'. "u'
G "Pg\' (]u) G Azu. "uuu' G "Pg\
Pg\ u'.
nP u }zzv "' Ps v CUPx. UPP
(mhPU) T CUSxu Ps "' CUS. UP
G Ai C. PsP iU Psiuu UP US
, T S CUS. A Psn ku
Gu uh \mh! A P u
PhUQ GQx Ps Gi iUS?
Ai UPz vx zx uPa \?
F! Ax x. UPz uQv zu Ax
PnP CUPx. Pzvu UPsn vx x!
Pn CP Pg\ i Pg\ vx. E CUQ Ps
ux u CUP sk. \uzv Ai E
514
u \nP E & 57
\QUPsk Czuzu u; Ax P
iUPsiUS. Pn v vx, v iUPsiUS.
A PnP via \zxx CiU Pg\
x, Pg\ u }zP A Ps Cuzu ""uuu
}z \'' GQ. Cu {u zxUS AS v.
E G CUS; AuU Pmhmh. Pmh Aih
mkh mh. v Pmi C G CUP Bh
sq' & G CUQ , v { Ax. J
Pu P Ciz u Pg\ \, Pg\ \ mk
EshUSQ?
}z u[P zu, Ax E BUQ ChzxUS
P P } Sx Pz u. | \uTh u
uP vu Gkzx zu J vUSU R UP Bzx,
Ai ] Cu CUQu u, BP, U
v, Gsn uh mh v | }P zv J
}z ux Ax Pg\ u vvu. |P x
mh z u Bzxk. A Ps }.
Ax G[P \ UQv! Cu "uu' (u)
GuS "u' (Pg\; C) G Ah mhx
UuUQx.
"\' & "J', "Pv'.
"]u u P[S Pv E wUP vi'
G u US Azu.
wUP zi, wUP u\ G | \x time & y
CuP, [P G AuU SkQ. C[P space
& y g\ u A vi ua
\Q.
Akzu : u w| | U ].
u "z\', "zR', "u', "uu' G HPmh "u'P
uu A~ux "u', "w' G Csk
u&miUQ! "zR', "u' G zuP J
JUQ. Cu \ |. Auh B h[S E\zv
|u. u.
""]!'' & ""[P o!'' G A AUQ.
""u'' G "S yzvx' G Azu. "zR'
Cx comparative degree. Gh A vi
}mk
515
}x Gx , C[P G h Ahx S
yzvUS a \Q. Ax?
""w'' & w { E Jzu. w G
H, PhkQ, uzxUS, u, JUS
Euu, }\ (w, D' G \zu \P)
Czu Azu Esk. Cimh zu UQkzx
miUQ!
Ci Gh Ahx u G[P {
PsiUQ w ""U'' & "U', "Eh
Pn', ""|'' & "UPmk', }mk. ""AUS iu wU
Smi _zu sn''!
Gv Smhq? B, Szv? Gu Smhq?
}, a\ zv?
Cu Gv, Gu C. ""z\'' & "'! ""E
Phuzvu Smhq, u!'' AuU Phu Hu
xmh ux. P UPizxU Smhq.
u zu Ci zu sn A]
G uQu! ""zR'' G \vx, PmP,
h uSv UP Ah Ph uP }sk
}sk Azu ]P |UQx Gu B? A
"| U' G C zv?
"zv? G, Cu wu ]P v
C! APh AUS z uUQ
C? "u? Gzu u snoPUS Ph
QhUSi Ch Pkzx zvUQ g\zv C \
UQx! C AuS banish so (Phzv) zvUQx
UQx!
uP CUPmh A Ci h so
UPmiUQ G A uP (uP)
A CUP sk. Ax?
C[Pu Cu aPzxUS, B\h Pn uzxUS
| SnzxUS E{P CUQ zu Qx:
" A, ' & G; "A' & Th "GTh'.
516
u \nP E & 57
G h Ahx u {Q w
C. uu GQ!
A D\ Gi C Ai Au Csk
k P Cu |h \[P Pzu B\. A
zu zvzv Gu u Kik. wP, P CUQ |
G[Th, ""} zu A'' G AzuzuU Pkzx
Ezkzv G vu A. Aimhu C[P
u Gh AUS yzv P so
zvUS wPa \U PQ: ""u w| |
U A ]' & ""Gmhz u {Q w GTh
E Ph wzuzu UPmk A!'' GQ.
""G'' () mk, ""G'' ( A) G "A'
mk u G G, G h GP
BUQU PskkQ. ""GThU Ph'' G & ""E Ph
QhUQ Uu A Cuuu Pnzv }
G E wUP kQ G usi {zv
zvUQ? Cimh GTh'' G Azu. zR
Ah zi A zu C }mh i.
A iux G Gx C? Au, Aiso,
""G[Th Hu \P u Ai zi
P x | so!'' G GP
zvUQ.
]&\UvP AuP Cx Psk, Au Auzv ,
G AuS mk Pu\PP Cx Psk,
A~zv E\u { u CxPsk, U
Pzv J u ~ zvsk US Gi Czu
vzu?'' G CUS | USiP Pzun
soUPsk, u u mh u PP Eh Gh
Pn x Psk Cu B\ H Cia \Q.
\: | \ siuzu A \Q!
|u [P somk A Ph Bu zxUS
G[P uU QhUQ. Au |u Cu v zvzxa
\ sk. B |UP \z u! Au Cia
\ shu |USa \z uQ!
| zu u [QU Psk ]
Amh GQP. B\ | uzu u _zvU
Psk Ah, ""G E Ph zv Pa \''
517
GQ. zxUS u Phuzu Pkzx so

kQ. Au (Phuzu) A C[P \U PkUQi |
Pmh A Pkzx k. PkUPUP A ix.
H Au A UP Aiz ysimhu!
, A PsP | ua \x
Gx GUPP zvUS B\ Ah PsP
Pn zua \Qx mk ""|:'' (G[PUS) GP, ""''
(GUS) G \x |USU Pg\ u? AuS "B'
C[P hP Qx. A[P u Ps Phu Cu aP
uS Um, C[P G uQx? u "zR' & BP
CUQ Ah Am zvUP P
\hQx. Au ""AuU Pk'' G G sh
siv. " Gh wPz u zvu u
Ju Au si { Cx' G B\ Av
|P AmiUQ. Auu A[P ""'' (GUS) G
miUQ.
Qn \u uUPP & zu Uv
uuP Azu & |a zu P zva
\P. Azuzv J G _ Pmi
Pzu UuP {Qx |azv, |zv Au G
g] kQ! ""GUS u {S GUS[Th E Ph
|zua \x!'' GQ!
A Eh, ""Ax , }u \ mh & uP |
P u PhUQ; Aix Aik Uu
C Gu E "u'Pz u zx mh, G!
A H zvUQ?'' G Pmk mh G v \x?
Chx \x v UPq. AP Pu
UPq G A UP AiU Qsh so?
CuS v v uQ.
A|| A u v | \ u {: Cu
| P {u P:>>
""Uu C; PmPU Thxu. Cx }v \vi . B
Phu _zu AUS }v&A}vP Hx? { A{[P
UP, uSvU Pg\[Th {UP, Ph P A
mi, PUS |u \Q xUP CUQ!
"Ru' Ci G J UQ u\zuz u
518
u \nP E & 57
b nPa \UQx? Ci CvUQP;

xUP CUQ! SP vhu \Q: ""P:'' &
\v'' CUQx. A uP \v _Q u
A|PP Ax U Pmku {zx "P:' G
B\ \. Au P nP P]UQ.
uh u _zu { Gu Chzv sk, C
Chzv Thx. Czu Eu Cu \vPz u ux, uSv zxa
] Ch[Pu & G A Pg\x {UQ?
Pg\[Th discrimination (z kzxx) C {z ug\
Pzv, zxa ][P u PmkQ;
\ _kPmiu PmkQ. ""| '' & Pmi,
"" '' & Uzv EP { hzv, Csk
Chzv Pg\[Th u \vP Q. A, {
G \Uzv U P Pmi zvUQ
GuPP A[P Pg\ extra { Q? Ax Pmi
Hu P u, PUQx GuPP A[P {U
Pg\ _UQU PskkQ? \vUS Au E
viUS CUP iu G? Au, Aih UQuu
| G G, J \zvU Pa \v {
USx E Ph wzuzu UP!''
""Uu Cmh Gi zvUP?'' G A
PmhuS so: ""Uu UPhx!
ziP !'' G.
C P & |uP & A PmQ
UQx: "" u Jzu u PhzxUP
u x mh G sq? u ku
viUS G ], G & Ps JmkmiP Qx
& x \?
B\ v \Q: | \ u {u.
""| \ u {: Cu''. ""Cu'' & Cu; ""u'' & EUS; ""\'' mhu
"EUS' G Azu ""{:'' & ; ""|'' & C.
"" u G u EUS J x. Cv
EUS J |h. E object &B (Au UPk
x)
vUPhx.
Ci
Uh
BUm
vUPxsh G, Cx \ Au \v
vhu CuS x, { Pmi u \vUS
Szv, P ]zuu G? C, { hzv yP
{ Sa]
519
g\zv uu Ax \vUS Hux , zu

U Esha\? { BUm J uzv affect
sqv G, \va E Pn Phzu mk
J BUm UQux Gu vzx k G? |
uP Cx mk Q; Au G? Ax Gi E
Phzu vUS? ""| \ u {u'' & ""Cu EUS
S''.
Au "EUS' G "E' mka \x? "EUS' G
\ Cu v C "GUS' G sk. Ax G?
""A|| A u v''
""E Ph | Qhu | uQ. Aux
GUS , \ QhUQx'' G B\ v \Q.
| a \Q. B\ u \x,
"E (Aux) A Phzu | uQ' Gx
Au, "Cu EUS C' GQ.
""A||'' & Cu (u Csk \i Phzv
}mku); ""A'' & C (""|'' G \uS v "C'
GQ. u Pg\ zx zx "CuU Pmh' G \x
a \Q); ""u:'' & uP (u E u. A
Phzu Am\ G u QhUQx. AuS
\); ""v'' & BQ Aux "BQ')
""E PhzxUS zvu | uP & U\P &
BQ. Au z ui G x PhUPsna \zu
sk.
""Pn Ph mh zvzv u. x Qx;
Qx; Bu z QhUQx. EUS ,
Ph Gx mk; GUS zvUQx. Gu
Uu C G u zu AuS AvPP E vi
\zu Hmk kQx. J Cu wP, uzP
Cu, G E uP, uPP BQ.''
| Au uzu uPPzu B\ Cu
aPzu A~UzvUQ. Cua \ EQ zvzx mh
Gzu Uuu A Ph. {
}z Su Ah Ph | PyUQ k.
| uP A[P soU Psk ukQ.
A[P mk. i, u, n, P G | ui
520
u \nP E & 61
u A[Pu. Cu G A[P[P h
A[P A PhzxUS zvxu. AuU Ph
mkmh Auh |P, Bn, A[P C.
u A[P C G bzuz u A[P Cx!
Cu aPzv B\ Ah ""G P ''
G \ ""P {u P:'' G izvUQ? Cu
u\zu & Pzu J P UQ Azu
zu & Ah Phu uQx G P xvzvUQ.
("B \uP:' a&48) B\h Cu aPzu
{zxU Psh, Cv Q h, P, Pk Csh
Av P \Q. B\ "' GQ Pmh P
"' G, C "' GQ P A "' G
\, A Ph J Au Csh PU Px
GQ. Aux ~P mk uUQ P, Uu, G
, Pk G Pzu CUQx? Au A
Phzu kua \Q. Pk AuU Ph US
hQu! A \z z AUS Q kQP
GQ. Aux \z Gh Uu kQx. uP,
AUS Kmhg\ v Euk Q kQu \U
P ku uUQ. Ph | Cu AUP
A, Azu zzu Pkzx kQx. Au Azu G
"u'zu "u'zu B\ SkQ.
Cu |P {zxUPsk Cu aPzua \a
\ zvUP sk.
( \nP u uP En FU TQP:)
z\ zR uuu }z \
u w| | U ] >
A|| u v | \ u {u
| P {u P: >> 57
| Uu P ~m
Ah |z \[P A|P aP[P \
P\v uP ozx v J aPzv Ah |
oUQ. (aP&61) Av P \v ~m J \Pa
\U Psk Q.
[Q zx
521
CPP z [Q | z[P E
A UQ zx USzv, US u
CUQ. ""Uuo&u:'' GuP zx G Smka \Q.
x PS USzv \. |zv,
""uPv vP |n '' G Qx; "|Pnzv
P\zu |z Pv G Azu. |z PPU
Pmku A[P USzvzu \UQx G
uQx. zx PU Pmhx. B x UQ J v
Pmih USzvUP, Au GuU P \vu "zx USzv'
G \u, zv USzv mkU Px AvP
_x, Ax J Pzv P CvUQx G uQx.
BnS snS Csi nz \x Qn
z. Au A UQ US Esk. "Py vP' G
G \Q aPzv Au Qx ""|U |
UvP'' & "US ~ zuv\ zu mkU PsiUQ
G Av CUQx.
C[S B\ A UPoP zua \x EoUS
EuQx. | [Q G Ezu A? Eu v
[QUS zx EshS. zxa] u uP, P,
[Q u ]US zx EshuP |UP CUQx.
""u '' Khzv (a&74) P uPzu
x so a Avu zxUP UQ
AUSa `miUQ G Qx. Cx | UQ
aPzv [Q zx G Ivzu zv,
A [Q usk UQ zx USzv (Ax US)
Cu J]zzu (zuzu) GkzxU PmkQ.
B [QUS Eu zx CUS. C[P USUS
CUQu! Cx E J]zU S EshUQ kQu!
Ai C G u \Q. Ah |P
[Q P Ah v a Qx. unP [Q
z azu mh Avx qP Qx. C[P
G Qx? a\x E CUQ zu AizxUPsk x
USzvPa `mikQu!
z uu au u. Uu G zu Uv
G { ]hPa \xsk. u azu
Uv uQ zx uuP C[P CUQx. Cv C zu
mk ]h CUQx. "\' G [Q. z q
522
u \nP E & 61
P zv ""^ u Pz'' G uzv sqQ.

\ G u, lineage G Bzu A ""
"\zv PU Pi!'' G AUQ. ""A | \:
x|&Q&\&zi''!
P \ \Q: Ah azv E zx
Psk mhx GQx, Chx | P
a G Smka \Q. aPzv "Chx' GuS
| zu APhx. ""]]&P&{a Pu'' GUS. "{a'
G kQ a_, E Cx "Ea'. "Pu' Gx
Psk kuz uUQ \. "]]&P' G G?
"Chx' G Azu Khzv AuSU Qhx. "]]' G .
"' G "]]' G Ju. BP ]]P "P'
& Aux A Pa \v {zxa \x B\
favourite zu! "\v&{azv' zx uPa \Q.
Cx G v?
P \v vu! Aui P&UuvP
CkQx a, ChxUP E , x UP
. Ezu {P BvUQx Cx Ea
x |, {a Chx |] Hk. ]zu Cu
wu v a C SPP {k; Ax
P Gx Aik C. A P P C.
Gx Pn G Ezuzu ]u Bv.
Cu A x | a\ E Czx, Chx | Au
kQ.
""AvUPmk. "]]P&{a' & "\v a_' G H \
Gu P?''
P \vzvu Cu Qx. x UPzv a
g\UQ |iUS [P G |i G . Chx UPzv
a g\UQ |iUS Ch G \v |i G . z |iUS
G AU |i G . zu z
Gu Cuzu, zUS Chx Ps \v, x Ps ,
|kU Ps AU Gx. Chx UP a_U SUSa \v Cuu
""]]&P'' G. Bu Pzvu Cu [P {a \
B G, AP oUS Cu Pzv Cu u sn
sh, B bP uki J J
zumk, J zu Auk mk mh.
E Euk
523
E EumhS
P\v u \ |UP . iUS Eumh
u oUQ (a&62) unP zxUSzu ] Eumh
Ex UP. B a ] J ] GQ
v Ai Azu ]P A Euk CUQx. C[P
B\ Gx J Pi G x Azu zxU P
PmiUQ. xPU PiP a\US. A UQ
]US. Pi ]P zu Au
C Gzu ]US? Au sk EumkUS
EUP zu & F, Ai squQ,
H , U P G Gx Aik C!
& G A[PzxU PQ. "UPi' G | \ & Au
A shmiP Jzva \Qxsk & uzv
Ax BUh PU \u J x Av
(GUTk)u. AuSU P, G[Qx ? ,
P G (EumkUS) C E \P,
Aux Cx EUPu, AuS Uuzv G
? ""'' G . G P. G
v G Azu. Aizu Cu PUS
Esh. Ax GuS v? AuS Gx ? A
Euhu AuS . J mhP A AuU P
u u Eumi v sozu Aua
\UPa ]UP BUQ "' GQ iP soUQ.
Cu AuS zv ] u! v
]UPq G Ax GQ zuu! ""Azk'' G B\
miUQ. AuS "\UvUS g] GQx Azu. A, "Cu
zvUPzu? A EumkUS | Dhx G |hUPUTiu?''
G mPmkUPsk _xmhu. ""Pu | u?'' &
"Gi mPhUS?' G B\ PmQ. mPzv
]xsh? "|oa ]x GP. Ai C
]Pq G ] mPmkUPsk kv AuU
P C Pg\ ]x kQx! Cu zxUS
DhP i! Aimh vzu
AUS EPa \x J u "A Su
hUQ' G \Q v Auu?
Ah Euk A~x (Ex) G uz.
524
u \nP E & 63
{ zxS P!
Eumha \mk Ah x SQ ]Pa

\Q. PS SQ aP (63)
u&z|& u u|&\z u
\Pn Bz Avu \g_&i >
Auu û\: Au B\:
v a\u {] {] \ PgP&v >> 63
n Bzv \vaPa \. A[P
PzvS Qhzv \z. C[P P \z! "u u\z'' & "E
P v', "E vP'. P, Csh, J zu SUS
Gu "u' Gx \. ""z'' G "_x'
GuS ux. ""z u'' GQx "u' G "_' BP
"u' G u Azu u G \. A \
n USUS A G Uzv | n Bx
Euk, A EumkUS E Gu "u' G
miUQ. B C[P Sx Pzuzu. "vP' u
Esk: "v ' Gv.
v Pzvx { SQx. BP\ \v zv P[P
GQ Pz vmku CUS. B Ah u \z
zv \ CUQx. Au
J \Pz ux A ]UQxu. PP vPh
Psox "PP' G uP, x ]
SuP \P. Aizu B\ "u
z| u u \z' GQ. "u u\z'' & "E P
\vh'; ""u'' & "]Q'; z|'' & "{'; "' & "a\'.
""] G zv _Q E P \vh {''.
"{'? G soP?
\P G J . Ax \zP so x
GP. \vx Au EshQx; Au Au aP
Qx; Au { aP \P sq G poetic tradition
& P & \x. Aua \P Ah u \zPU
Sizuu! ""u \Pn'' & SiUQ \PPUS.
Au PUS G Ba_?
""Avu \g_ i Bz.''
u C
525
Au Av? "h, , Av' GQu?

C. "Av&' G Awu . Ah u {
Awu vzvk Cuzu "Av' GQ. Ci J
vzvU Sizuv Au \P P AS zu mhu!
APu J \kx, Six G? u {U
Sizu A J ] uui Au Ph ASP
Ena]x mh! ""Avu'' & "Awuz vzv'; ""\Pn'' &
"\P[Ph'; ""\g_'' & "AS'; ""i'' & "hP', "zx uP';
""Bz'' & "BQ mhx'.
Ci BQmhu! Au Gi sqx? zx ASUS
i ] ui sn G \?
G
\q
Au
Au
zv\
P
\xPskmh! z b uzu
sou zv\PQ Pskizx mh!
| J \UP [PPa \mkU Psk P iQu?
K \mhx vPmi kQx. Ax vzv Cu Hu
Ja \mh vPmh Qx; i vzv "UP' iQx!
vzv n. E n G Csk vP squP
Axu Pn. B EhUTh u zx
|P , USi sq. Cu Au \P PUSz
uvUQx. Au, Pzv |USz uu vzv
n[Phz vzv Ah uuzu
so AS zx P P UPg]z
uiUPsh . |USU Th , Q x |US
zx, " Pg] sh. UPg] Pk. BPh
[Qsk '' G zu PmQ? J Ga\, |zu
Cx u Au h uUQx. Aizu
\P P UPg]z uiU Psk x.
""Au:'' & "Bi', "AS zx i'; "u' & "A', "Au
\P P'; ""B \:'' & "" ]UPP'', " ]UP sk
G Gsn EP'&
G \u?
BP\zvx \v Au \vP x
Psiu. ""û\: Au '' & "û\:' G "û
Qn[PU Psh \vh'; ""Au '' & "Au UP',
Aux, {...
526
u \nP E & 63
{ sqQ \Uv Au PUS A

Pkzvu & uh u { Au { Giz
yUQiUQx G PmkuSzu, G? Au Au \P
P Au Au Qn[P "hm' so zu. zu?
Auzu h "hm'hP J Qhx G | {zxU
PsiUQ. B UPg]z uiU Psk
\P[PUS Au Au \vP AxPUS siu
UPg]Pzu uuu! ""Ah! zx Pskia_mh!
Ah P \v ] {a \mkz vPmi
zxUS & zx ASUS i Ena] UQxUS &
Psk ia_mh! BP\ \vh Au {u zu CUP
UPg]'' G umkUPsk v z Ch[Psh
mk { sn Bzxmh! ""û\: Au
& "\v Qn[P Au UP' ""PgP v'' & UPg]
G A', "UPg] G zv\zuP Ax Psk', ""{]
{]''' & "v z'; ""a\u'' & " Psh mk', "uhP';
""\'' & "{'; ""v'' & "SiUQ'.
"Pg] G A' GuS ""PgP v'' G miUQ.
B\ Auzx u\zv A[Pu Pg] \Pa
\kx " Pg]' G \Q UPUQx.
{ Au UPg]P, Piz usoP BQkQ
Amh x Ah uuzvS CUQx G
Azua \P[P zx AP PuP B\
A~UzvUQ. Au u \zP zv E
Auzu SiUQuUS G \ AuS E \Qx x
UP. x USUS zP u P \xu
B\ ]? Au A G soUQ
""Auzu G "' mk Au Au B sqQ J
G \PzvS J \ sh. Cu
h AuS CUQx! G Auzu
Gx UPg]US Aimh z uu z
uzuUS Ax B snUTix! AuS J z
ui n u, |u sh v \zPuzu Ax
sn Bzux'' G xUPzxz uzx CUQ.
Auzua \mh uP Ax Q zvTh
Da zv AUQ G Pzv ux
vU Phukzu y AuzvS mhu
\uu AP zwPzx, Aimhh {z [P
\P Q {
527
DaUS Cuu AUS A G \. C[P

vx u \vhx Auzv ]h A
u \vx uuzv ] mhx
G UQ. \uuu C[P u u
A P, Av PP, Au Pzv uP BQUQx.
""u u '' G \. C[P ""u \u''a
\, Ax \v ""Au '' UPg]USQx GQ.
|UP { Gx PsqUSz u P\u. Au Auh
A ] ux G \UPq. B
\PzuU Psk x Au ({) US ] shP BUQ
Auh A ] xx G \ CUQ! Cu G
A[P \zx USx \u u
QU PsqUS ], AuzvS mh xzxh
|USUS ] BQu uQx. Au \u, u,
x G zv Ah u! Au
uzu, \zP soU PsiUS
\PU Sg_PP | BP sk.
\P v | \vPa \h imh |
\zuu \vP Ai Q n {a \k G
\kQ. Ax { Ax _Q AmL uuP
BUSu! P uPUQ! n \z Azu
[PUS J Bu, u, Agb Cmk. b a\.
Au "b ' G, a\zv En
AuUQx. \v uP CxPsh a\x
Cmh USQ. Aizu b uP Agb
{zv AQ. Uuzv z x \v
zux G CUQx. Ai Au Gzu u
ûUPq? BP |US u A
u[P \v uP CUQ. A \v shzvS
UQ; ""\z sh zP'' G | \Qx.
AUS vv nu; AUSzu \ sqx.
] \zP zxU PsiUQ. Q ]US A n
\zQ Au Q. |US B\ Ah
u \zPU PkzvUQ. Au zx, zx Avx
S Psuzu sq \PU Sg_PP C!
u u
u ] P]x. Aua \ A
Ah |UQ ]P v \UPa \Q
528
u \nP E & 64
GQ (a.64) Au \ mh. ]P,

Csk Pu u Ea]hzu AuPkzu aPzv \Q.
|US, , Euk Gk uku
u?
"", Ax a ]Pzu BUSx? Av GiU
PUS?'' G Pmh,
uzv a\U Pz y \v i
so mh UQx & ""\] \u P \P:'' & G B\
Smka \uu Aia \. ""|US ~UQ
v ]u mk \! Gxx,
uz kx GUS \u, \u G kzv
Ah |US ~ Q uzv Ah
PuuPa \'' G B\ {zv G?
"" { '' G [PP [PPa
\x. Auzu ""u u R'' G |zv
\UQx. [P z A Aizu U
Pso {zvUP sk.
Ah u Ea]hzvS g] J u. Ga],
x G |USzu {Uh. |h \ uP
Cu Ai. A \ APv Pu A , z
. AuS , A AUPP Hmh
. BP Ah Ea]h u EzUhP
CUQx.
Au Qx ? G Pzx Uu, , P G
B\ izxh. z Ah Az Su S
, Ahu z Eu\ Cz,
Ah z q Cu Ea]h u
u uP "' izvUQ.
|vvPUS Bu\P Un z Ru
\x Szu. P vzxz uQ
Ah US \Uv! Ax \Uv . u|v
A uP |UPP zuzvS u u
Cz A k JmiUPsk . Au "Czk
JmiUPsiUQ' G Azuzv qUS Ez G
sk.
uzv
Czh
u&uUP
Avv&PaPUP P zP uu Ci . Au
zu B\ C[P miUQ, ""\Pzz'' & "\P'
529
+ "Cz' + "Ez' G. S Au Csk PUPk Hu J

u zuzv AP mk APzvS & ]&\UvP
UzvS & v Q. Au US J Su.
Ah Ea]h u \hsk Gxu Ax.
S AuzvS uP AP J
zuzv zux Ax u[Ph u \Uv vzu v
G AmhP. Au zv Gh Gmh
\UvUS P CUPmh \Uv AP zn zUQ, J
znzuUTh AP A\UPiui so. Ax
CzUSzu u |, AhUP Esh. Eh A
Pn Psk AUS z Eu\ \x, APsh J
\Uvu Psh Psh G \UvPUS Bux
G zu, AuU Pu P|{zv Qx.
\P, Cz, EzP u[P zu
zu |zuk uuUP An so, A
uzuu Ax Qhzux G |P so Ah Ea]h
uzu P uPP Khi QP.
A \k k uz u \ku {UPmh.
UuP vvUPP, AuU SuP uh u G v
vPa \hmk Gu v vP |z[P A
HUPx. Uzv AUSa \k sku.
[P nPz u un soU Psiu x.
Aizu sq. (]zx) mkU Psh ]
vzxku!
Au Uzv USzu uhP , ,
{u sqx & Aux Pz yUQUPsk
siPz v GuPP! Cx s
, q, Cz v ux
izx { u \ CUQx. B CP Aua ^sh.
A Ea]h [Ph A Ea]h
ua \UPUSzu AP x! CuS J EPn B\
subtle &BP (P), [PuPa \Q: ""\sh\ {
P:'' & "\siPah [P u \zv
UPuPP' G. G "m' G: aUS
|zQ u\zv, Ah Ea]hzv, \siP\US
mkmkzu P PUP. | Ai
squ UP {UQ. Cu Pzv | v
530
u \nP E & 65
~P xmk Uv \zu z a Skzv

&A&Pnv&sPk IuPa \u
\siPa. "g\zv k' G Cu Ix zu
Ez[P Gkzx x. A ] ]i
uP ] u Bx Cmi \ G | Pshi
Au PUP. B z ]SP, A v ]
\zv v P uPUP P CUQ
Au ~x u Jzu PzxUPsk zu
a\u u[PUS G J vu feel sqP? Cuzu
P ""\sh\ { P:'' G \UQ.
""P:'' G "" UPuPP'' G \. |
Azui ""g]z vsk'' GTha \!
""A A~Uzv, A mh a\ A a\a_.
AUS thanks-giving |P so, u [QUPq'' G
UQP! Ai UQ u, ""A[P a\UP
{UPq; Pu a \nzv q; Cu &`
h Lzuk ummhP Phx'' G, uPz
yUQ mkmk QP! sh Aihhx
GuPP J vh iUPU QTh sh_ PmiU
PQu UQ. AuP J E\zv&hmh Pkzxu
qzv CUS Cx G u, m
mkUPx. B Ph Qxx h,
i G Thx. Ai CP hz umk & ""Au
]z:'' G miUQ; "]z' G ] UQ
m "Au' G "umh'. Aiz umk Ah
AU Su P, A u q, A ]
Cz QP. (]zx) "Asn' G q uzv
AUS E\zva \ C[P uu "u' G
zPa \Q!
uoU Pmimkzu PUS, , G E\u
CPUS |Px u G, zu
aP[P, "|PUQ uP Qh[P A \nzvS
}UQx'; " A Gv PshUP x
, q, Cv uP Qhzv ukUQU
Pzu' G \x Gi? Gi, A[P
APUS J Uv B\zv Cu "u' G x, Ai
Ai v Ah P x QhuP G
zxUP sk. C[P, Cx zxU PsiUS
u P
531
aPzv P\i u s PmiuP x P

sk.
mhU Pmi mhua \ B\ CP
P\zuU Pmh G Smka \UQ. ""Au
]z: P]:'' GQ; "P\ shP' G Azu i
Au Pmhzu sk? G UP u \mhU
PmkQP C? P\ \mhu? H AuU
Pmh? Ax PP mhU PmiP?
GUS G Pn uQu; mh,
uP, Qh Gx Au DP AUPP Ai
yUQ mkh. A UP CP KmhP Ki u
Aiz yUQ mk h i. B P\ Gx umh Csk
UPmk G A|P Ch[P zu. U, m v u
Cu UP Au UP G "' sozu mkU
PuP ] Pmimk h ix. { {uzxzu
AuU Pmh i. A A zxz u[P
z uUPz xizxU PsiUS SuPP Cu Au
PUS C. Auu Auh xkQP.
APUS A Ak uh u Ea]hzu
A~UUQ. u [P. Av A z u
G Pm?
CTh: Ax zu Sx. " Cu ,
, P Gx C CUPP AuS U Gu
G PmiUQ. " C' G Au
AzuzukTh " C' G \zxU P!
PPz v vPUS A u ux
x zuu? [Pzv AP PP [P
Cx Bû.
B B\ Ci Gx Auz uzvSa
\. ""A! Eh z u P PP \P,
Cz, EzP [PkQ'' G \uk izx
kQ.
H \ \ iu Au u
PkUS Gu u!
xPa \Q , A u Ea]h APPU
Pz u A G, Pu, PP , P BQP
532
u \nP E & 65
() E P, Pazx AQsha, Pg]

P BQPh u uzuu PPx.
"AhP' G B\ sov A Ah u
Ea]h vU SvP Pvh E\zvPU Sv |hk
PzzuU
uQx
GQ.
""Pz
j
Pj
SuvP&uju&Pi | u~u'' G \Pzv vU
Sv "hU hU' G KkQ v h \UQ!
B u , Pz \Uv ux A G
J Chzv (a.75) \n wzu G Chzv (a.98)
\UQ u C[P uzu Aia \U Pn!
\nwzuzua \Q Chzv v z u Ea]h
& ""p P P u'' & A~UUS Pz u A
\nwzu A~UzxkQx G zxU Pmi E\zv zxa
\UQ! \nzv ]US AUS |[Q Auz wzu
ua \ va ]u zu PmiUQ. ""Pu
AUuP '' & "\USU Sk Pu ' GQ. "AUuP' u
u "AUS' Bx. "UuP', "' G Au AUP
\vxu lac.
""zzv | GUS Aua \n wzuzu ?''
G |PU PmQ. "zzv' G zu
nUP. PzvP B\ & z, z Csi zv
Psh & u Aia \U PQ! ""Uz P''P "
F'P Aua \n wzu P UQx G x, Ai
P G J u B\ wUP zi zxa
\ CUQx!
EUPP, ""Au (\n wzuzu) | sqx
GUP? & Pu P?'' GQ. (a&98)""G|, G|?''
G u EQ EQU Pso i!
BPUTi C[P A u Pz \Uv uuPa
\. \u P . Ai
s, q, Cz G[P P iUQP?'
G, Au Ax PUS , , [P US
\Uv ux, b u, Ax ]zu v \ v \
iu u G | zxU Pi miUQ.
o n
533
mh mP zux!
ga Pw u Au _u:
z&(B)u Ux \u&] x&\| >
uw&x Au uz&P&
{ n p {_v \| {u >> 66
J ] |hP mkU Pmi kQ. B\, Akzu
aPzv (66)
|hP G J u |hUS. Cu |hP Ah u
|hUQx.
A Pa\ PmkU Psk BuP EmPx PsiUQ.
Buzvu Pa\ PmPz u. , z uu
C AUPh G mk PmP Q. AP Ci
avP Bu zvP vx |US \v u.
Pa\?
z vu nP sqQ. Gh
A~Uzv u [Ru z EshQ A
z[P iUPsk, AukTh n ]UQ. [RuU
P Avuu i, nP \u G Au
xzu, z [P | P soU Th UP
ix.
""ga'' G ""g]'' "g]' G n v
G nUS Esk. "Pa\' GuP v nUSz
uP J Esk. u[P, P BQh
Bu[P, zv[P uUSz u Esk. Da u~US
"|P' G . Auu A |Po. q u~
"\[P' Au A \[Po. A US "Psj' G
. Ci n GkzxUPsh, |u P nUS
"w' G . "x|u' G Ak \zxa \k
x nUS "Pv'. z vh nUSU
"Pa\' G . "Pa\' G B. Pa\ n Sh B
Cu Ai . CUS L Au
v n CuP AuS ""Pm'' G AP
\QP L zv \. |zv
""{ x {zu Pa\'' G Qx. Au
"Ii'zu C[P B\ J |hPP h \vUQ.
C[P "Pa\' GP n x "g^' G \Q.
534
u \nP E & 66
""ga Pw'' G ""n C\UQ'' G | Azu.

""n ]zxU Psk Th kQ' G | Auu sqQ.
Ci Gu zxa \Q? ""u Au _u:'' G
aPzv u zxzu! ""_u:'' ""Au'' & "Ezu
\z[P' Aux, ] ] v zuu[P
v n ]UQ G aPzv CUQx. PuP
P zzvu \ i. [Ru AS mk,
z AS Da [P u sk Au
iu i. Auu v iU Psh n
]UQ Gx.
|UP
|
uz
\u
Ea]
S.
uzuzu, Ax |h Hu P |hzvUP
sk CmkU Pmi \u | uzvUP i!
Ei | uzvuP C G, C uzv,
A G Cu Au Ei ux
Psk uzvUP iui CUQx.
B v A P, P nk
kQ? C. a \z[Pzu Px kQ, vu
z uuUS Axu iUS. A vUSz
u. vUS G u "b' G AUS .
B\ v P ux bh HP AUS v
\mk, A zx, Ah A~Uzvu hn
sn i. b A AP x Da SnP
sqQ. nkTh. a Ahu
Guxu. v u iu mk Au
iU Psk nP \Q.
zP UP u kx Au US Gx iUS?
Gi i APh zu (Szu) AvP
G Pzx ]uP kP. vUS Cu
\x Esk! Da vuzv A n ]zv,
A P iu AUS v G Ai
so! Cx A {uzv P \uu AUS
vP Da kQQ.
{v Ahx. P \x v mk mk,
|uzxUS Pa\ [Ruuzu Qx.
Da . Ci G Ea]P CUQx.a
\z[Pu ]u [Q x uh ]zu k
{uP B\ "]|u ' Bzv \Q. Aimh
tP
535
]uzv Cx ] A Q kQ. Au \z[P

Gzv izu Bu Hmk k. AiUP v P
mk mhP i G C Gzu BuUS?
[Ruzv A { BuhQ: \UQ zx kQ.
Ax u A\zx UQ. ""\u ]'' & "u\ k'
G Qx.
Pumi A Pku "PUP' G u Bmi
Bvu "]UP' G \P. PUPzv A delicacy
( s) C. A ]UP zvu sqQ.
PmP u[P Buzu kzxu kQ
Ezkzx, |uU Pzx, \mh Av z
ukzx sk. J |P h mhTh | BumkU
Psk Ezkzv, Au APUS |uP Jsk
[Pv .
|P mk UP sk. |u G
Eng] v EmPvUPU Thx. Ax uUSzu
u G g]U PkPk G zxUPsh S zxa
_zxU Psh CUPU Thx. PmQ u GkUP vUQ
G uQx, zUS J Hmk CUQ P
\Uv Ki k! mk, Gzx, i, mk Gv
Cizu.
AP Buzuk Ezkzu kzu v zuPU
P soU Psh Q.
Cx \uzu u J Q u!
""ga Pw uu| _u:'' & "a uu Ezu
\z[P v i n ]UP' Gx Cu Azu.
v GuP zu Cu . | u
""p'' G Qx.
""]UP'' & A G?
""z&(B)u Ux \u ] x\ & ""\u&]'':
"u BmiU Psk' & Cu \ mh;
"]UPzuk Th'; ""z'' & "E' ("AP' & A zx
B\ _u "E GQ); ""x \|'' & "mk '';
""Ux Bu'' "\ BUPmhx'.
u BmiU Psiu A, ]U P mk ux G
Csk mk zu \ {zx Bzu. ""x \'' G
536
u \nP E & 66
|US; SP, Bu zuP. [RuU \a\ ""! !

!'' GQ, Au x\u. [Pzv |k "",
'' Gx x \.
Cu v "", '' G Hu Csk zu A
x Evx kQx. Ai zu A
Pshzvx vh vkTh x \, Hu J
\ Csk \u ux. UPUTha \. \ ""Bu''
& \uS "BUPmhh' GQ.
A mk zu \uS Bzuh G |hux?
uw: x: Au uz P
""uw:'' & Auh'; Aux A \ Bzu \zxh;
""x:'' & "xzv'; ""Au'' G "UPmh', Ax
"AvUPmh'; ""uz'' & "nz uvP ("uz'u u "uv'
GUQx. P G Azu. P P hU u Au
C[Q wire Gx | "uv' GQ.) ""P '' & "C
J'.
x US Azu: "A \ Bzu Bu UQ
xzv uh nz uvP C J AvUPmhu
(v zx)'' & Gx.
xzv Gx EzUhP CUS G | PP
{zx zu Pz u v n
|uPzu CUP i G i Pmk. Ah nz
uv [PzxUS mkUS u C hzu Gx
CUPx G Gsq. Ai Hux Cu Ax v
\Pzu CUPq {.
B Cx A Csk zu \ Bzux &
A P sn; a\Pzu ]. AxTh
&A~ mh }P G ]h. \ BUP
\u. Au. Ci A UQx Csk A \
|h Guh o n |u \ |u AuSz
u mh! Ah P \vP AuzxUS
{ \vP Au zu Pg]x, Ch nP
a_ zu xzxUS , uuP Czu | i
v S A ]zu n Pzv x, A Cu
Ch u BQmhx!
n E
537
u S Ah uv v mh {zvmkz
uU Sx Psk mh. n AvUPmhu, AuS G
\u?
{ n p {_v \ {u
""{'' & "uh'; ""n'' & "n' & ""\'' &
"E'; ""{u'' & " uui zx'; ""p'' &
"v' ""{_v'' & kQ' & Ah a] C u
n |u Aimk u zx v uh Au n
uui E i zx mh G Azu.
un zPP Cu u[Ph Chzv
v Cu JUP mhP. v Aimh.
Au Ah Pshzvx u |uzxUSz u n |u
"EhU Pnx' G u P HUPsh. (]zx)
Eh Au Emk imh! Aux, Au u Pzu
a] \Q G C ]zxU Psh P.
{P CUPmh AP uh S Czu
C Cx v kzu {zx ]UPzuk
mi. mk v EzkzxuS
v mQz u S zux! Cv Csk h
uQx.
""US mi a] x Pmi,
Cmh xPsh hzuUS | P zuU
Pmi! uh P zu Gx {mhu!'' G
v u Sx Psh.
C uU Sx Psh. B n \? Ax "Sh'
GQ B v u Aiu zxU
Psiux? B Ah ku Ahu AuS
"" uPmh'' G Uu? vQ mh ""u
xo mkU Psk ' GP. P [P
mh uz xo iU Psk KkP. \vi |[P
({]P) u Gx u xo mkU P
siP!
""u n g] Pmhhx'' G v
{zu. A z. Au A ]Qzu Th Au
JUP Au g] g] Pmhui, Auh
E |P Czx imh!
538
u \nP E & 66
mh |UP {zvh i. uv |u Ai.

AuS "A~n' G J Esk. Aux J mk mi mh Ax
uP [PP }sk JzxUPsk mkzu Pg\
Pg\P Ah[S. J o Aizu ""i[ ... [ ... ['' G Au K\
CzxUPsh Ah[P G | BQx? uz z[P
Cizu. Au A x \zuU Pmh zvzv v
u mh {zvU Psh v C n mi
"h[' A~nP CzxUPsh US. Auu ""
iUP!'' GQ v Au E imh. Ci
vPU P so A~UP.
CThz
uQx.
A
umhx,
u\zux, x \ \x G u. B Cu
v [Ruzu Ezu]zxzu? u Ezu]zuuP
CUS? v iu Da . Ah Pzu
UuPU PUP, A k zzu Pzx, v
\zv[P Gso A umk ]UP, BP
\vUP? Ax Cu Pa \ z[P
CUQ v APUQ GuP zvUP?
Ah x PshzuU Pmhh v Ci
{zvUP. ""Cmh |uuzuU Pshzv Psh
A G Pzu zvUP ix. A Bumk,
u\zuu
Da
zxUPP,
z
\zxUPPu! | mh UQ G A\k v {zx
| mkUS P soU Psh !'' G Ci
vUSz uUP. Cx Azu
vUQUS.
zuzv aP J |hPP CUQx: u {v; v
n ]zx kx; a P UvP x; A
umkz u A\x; mk BP sqx; Au
Av x; v mPmkz uSx; n Czx
kx G P Qx. | US mk zxU P
si |hP!
""\'' G "E' G \. "\' & E. "',
"' JUP . "\' Gx "\' G .
hxUP "\' Gx E; ~P Ax \mh'
G Azu PkUS. ~USa \mh vzu US
E? CUPzv zPh \mhUSa "\' G
Pzv P
539
vUQuPU Pmh. "\' G J u CUQx. u

PPUS A|P u oP AkUQ zx, AUS E
vz u iu \ Ju UQ. E mkU
Psiuu Ax "\' G UQx! \
u\zxUS E u|P CvUQx!
Ah uzu A[P A[PP ozxU Psh
x C[P Ah U uzu | Pzx zxU
PiP B\ Cu aPzu A~UzvUQ. Ah
A~Uzu [Ru, z Csi |s
Gu Cu EnzxQ.
PshP Psh ;
Bo s, so \
A [Ru ukzxuP C aP
""u '' CUQx (a&69)
P P&v Pv&PP&RuP&{n
&|zu&Sn&Sn&[U&v: >
u&||u&x&PP&
zn Un vv&{&| C u >> 69
Azx| zP Au bP Cu \[P Pz
uP [Ru \v b G ux, u
mk G intensive (E Pshx) Gx Cu
aPzvx uQx. Cv Pv, PP, Ru, U G
x [Ru \v technical terms u ~m zuP). C [Ru
zPUSzu . AP hPPUS x. Theory
([Ru \v UP[P) zu musicologist PUSzu . uh
""|m \z''zv Ph] P, \[Pu ""[Ru zP'',
[PhQ ""\xusi P]P'' u P zu P
UP QhUP. GUS Cv ux ASu. Au E[PUSa
\u shU SuP i.... Pv G Cx
uzv zvU PnUP zx va, a, Psh G \Q.
"Pv' GuS | u "|h' Gu zx Psh|h, va|h
G \Q. PP Gx J zu Ai PP
}mh A\UQ A\UQ Cx G zxUPsiUQ. ui
Pu, \[Pnzv u PPP CP.
Ru G mk Gx |USz u. A Cu aPzv
540
u \nP E & 69
B\ ""Pv&PP&Ru&HP&{n'' & "Pv, PP, Ru uUS

u {n!'' G AUQ. B A Cu
zuP | \Q Azuzv C technical sense &, ~m
\z Azuzv \Q. Ax Pv Gx "UP', "u]' G
CshU SUS. Cx Csk [Ruzv Csk P. "Pv' G
u. Csk PvP J "UP' GuS Gu
Azu! Aux Ax, ushzv v Cizu g\
snq G J PmkhP P [Ru \zPP SzxU
Pkzxmh P[P, Au J Pmkmi A~UP
si u[P Sx. "u]' G Ci J
Pmkh gPzzxUS Uz ux u\zv A[P[P
| [RuU PbP uv Pkzx AzvUS P&u
. Cx "Pv' \. "PP': Cu & Av ~mP Ix
v, P AP {nzxa \x. "Ru' Gx z
mk AuP zu \zxU Pkx.
"U' G [Ruzv CUQx G aPzv i
Qx. C[P "U' Gx P Sk & m, z, Pu
[P zx "' U, "' U, "P' U G Cv . Au
uPzvu Esh. | Pzv "' U, "'
Uu Cu; "P' (U) C. Cx I. A
vu u P u \Q
\.
Cx
PmP
|
Pmhv
(R)&&() (i PmkQP!) Gv "' U Ju
"' P |k P u Ax mku UQUQx G
\ GP.
[Ru Pshzvu UQx? ~ z sound-box
ushu CUQx? Au A Pzv Cu
U[P PP zv CUQ G B\
\Q.
zP Gh Pzv iP, PP CUS.
AUS CUQx. A JzvUS Bv Ci Cuuu,
A G zP A G PmkuPP APUS
Cu PP CUQ.
P Azu US ush J h EshP
}miU PsiUS. zPUS Cx Qhx. Cu ""Adam's apple''
GP. Bh G Bv~ Bzvuu P EshQ
Pzv Gu HmhuP AP \QP. A
541
[Q B Pg\ ush ]UQU Psk mhx.

AuP BnP UQ G Ah zuP
Gu & uzu, Pz uzu h |US CUQ &
Azu US Bh' B ush Emi hzxU Psk
uQx GQP.
| \vi: a PTh zu J SP v Emi
mkU Psh. Ax A A ush iUP,
P Ssk v Pshzv u[Qmhx. ah
PzxU Pu G h Ah zP zuU
PmkuPP Cx Qx GQ.
Csk PuP, "| Azu US J x source,origin CUQx;
Au | G uPP umiUQ' G
PmkQ. ~ Pa \Qx, | vzv, BU
\Uv & ""An apple every day keeps the doctor away'' GQP, Aimh
\Uv & u B [P PnUQx! Da
Pa \Qu, P\ [P u u
AuP BQz ush J Pku sn EmPvUQx!
A Da, vP Azu A
G Pmhzu G BsPUS ush h sPUS Au
Pzx u\zv PP CUQ.
A P v Bq sqPU Psh ,
P, , A, Q G ] & \Uv uvP A~zx,
""Psh vu, Pshu Psh'' G iUQ.
Pg\ zv, Uva \zv zu |US Ci G[P
zu ]&\Uv i u\ QhUS.
] , \Uv ] Gu colour spectrum &I (n )
zx UP Sk so, Pu a ]x
CuU P ]U Pa G GU soU
PsiUQ? ]&\UvP v \x \x Cu &
]P P UP & P [Pu & v
u zu Ba\US! Au v uv u\
US! SP, P \ , zP \
] ]x Cx Au zu EshUP A~T \Qx.
Ph u zu "_U' G CUQx. _U G
u. Au v zPhx "\ou' & Ai ].
C CmkUP v . A CmkU P S[S
]P. nP |zv K mh Pu ;
542
u \nP E & 69
|k ], u; `n G AuS , CmkUPx
Ci PmiU Pv C i & ; A h &
S G ]. S G S[S. AuU Pu hUS
Gkzux. Auu Cx Th G, AUSa
\zxx G AUP GkUQP. ""Ann P'' G
A ha ] ]P |zv
\UQx.
Cx u &] \x \u v & |h zu
PsqUSa ]Pz uu Av corpuscles G CUS Csk u
"'P Ju ], x , Ah ]
] u ]U PaQmh vu
m P Jm P Cu Ch uQ zu
]P ux!
J P mhTh Au mh _
\[P; EUS E \[Pu! P _
]Pzu mh Aix. }[Th,
A P Aizu Aix!
AP? &u. Pu? a\U P&S[S, Aa\?
P&A. \miTh uz&\UP [P; " z'
G ]u! Cm&] Pi!
C[P (Cm&P i) x, ]u EUP
\UviUQx! Ai \sh {zv uuS
UPi, m]USU ]UPi G ]&\v, \Uv&[P
UQ. Ci ]zu \Uv UP zxhhx GQ
v PP u |UQPk \sh
kuP, ] \uP n Fmi uP
CUQ! zu zuU PP sqx ]Qz Pkzx
Bx zuU P m Uu!
"P Um'zv ] Gx k JmiUPsk, AuS
Akzu Q Ju. (US) | BmhP
Cx Fu. Auu ] \uzvS | Gv mh Fuk
\u } q, q xUP, PU PP Pa
\x. ]U Pa Cu \uzu J UP umkU Psh Au
U Pi Q! Cuu uz ]Pzv "xP
z'zv y&&PnUQ v z G
\, Auhx &Pz uzuU Sk x ""Uu&_U
a'' G ]&U PP Av U P
Kmhzu E \uzu \UQx.
CP
543
]\, \Uv\[P Ph zPh Cv |

\zv |Pz ui C P PzxU
Pmh zP PshPPu.
aPzv ""P P: v'' G Au PPzu
B\ SkQ. Pv, PP, Ru G A {n Gu
Au Cu PP G Azu \x P Ch uQ.
Ci FP zv C, hP ""[Ruzv E
m, Pu, z U[P G zx A
G[P[PUQ G Pmk GU PkP Eh Pzx
P P [SQ'' G A \Q& ""zn
Un vv&{&| C u P P&v u:''
""zn u| zSn {u|'' G v J aPzv (25)
ux. USn[P JP zu zzvP A[P
\. C[P ""zn Un'' GQ x zSn[P
Csh PPa \Q.
Cu hPa \x GUS Q J E;
[Ru \v ~m vu. [P w&a
vUPnzu a \Q: |zu Sn Sn [U
v:.
z Da AUS [P un \u A?
"" |zu'': zv Pmhmhx. Au [P z
Gimhx? ""Sn&[U'' & Sn[P GsoUP & Pshx;
""Sn'' & Eu SnzuU Pshx.
""[P z Sn[P GsoUP Pshx, Eu Sn
Pshx G J !''
Sn[P GsoUP Gx z, , u G a
\Q. i "Sn' GQx "Sn' G "' G
Azu. "Sn' G U u ; un
[P zP Cx G Azu. Aux Sn[P GsoUP
Eu CP UQ A [P z
snmiUQx GQ. Au CP bPkzxuP,
AUS EzuuP & ""v:'' G "Pi' Pkx;
Aimh PiP & Ah Pzx P
CUQ! C[P USn[PUS A P CuP
C Ezu GkzxU P.
""oUnu zv U. Axu _zu vP. |
u\zv P v[P, P v Pn[P Axu
544
u \nP E & 69
CUQx. u Pmkx Gx ] US C'' G \QP

\ B\ AUS Da [P z PmiuP C[P
]zxa \mhu AuS Uz EshQkQx!
oUn Gv [PzzxUP m Ah
Gx C. P izx, mk mh Auk Qx! ""u[Pz
u[Pz uh'' G [P zu [PzzxUS
AhP GUS CUQx. u G Pzu
Guh zP AuU Pso JU PP. Ph |
G ]&[S v AuSzu |hUQx.
|zv, ""P\ zu [P z \u Pu''
(Pa Pmhmh [P zzu \UQ Pzu Eh')
G Qx.
""Sn'' & "' Gu B\ \UQ. BP,
"g\ P LP C; AUPQ kQx'' G AuU PmiU
P, u[Pzv "Pi' G so Av u SskP
mkU Px u. AUS (A) [P
zzv g\ ]UPsh AUP BPx.
K uk. [P z G AP
Pzu CvUQ. C G [PP mkU
P siu HUSUThU Phui, u
GU PmkQ. |z Qh u[P Jmin u
AvPiu & GUS "P' C.
Pzv PP: Pv, PP, Ru G , Sn[P
. [P z \mk US. [Ru U[P . Ci
P J g\P Cu aPzv \UQ.
[Ruzv CUQ u[P J Ph
_zuP UP sk. Ci &U&u
Jh Px A \huPPz u A
EshS A Pshzv JUS wP GUPk
Pmk PP CUQ GQ. |u G
i sk PmkQ.
Uvk Px |uP P \u [Ru Da
zPzvS Pmk. av&[Pk zxz
uQx Bz EshQ AzuzxUS Azx k.
""Gu ~'' G zP i v Ci |u~u
so Gzu A~P CvUQP; Cx
Ruu
545
CUP. i zP Aimh ~u. Ak,

A v [Ruzu u Csk a \zx "[Ru
zzv'GQ. 150 zxUS Ci J zv Av\P J
zzv CvUQP. g\PzxUS mPP (BuP)
C a \zx mh!
Sn[P z, , u G B A proportion
& (Qu\[P) \uu Pzv G Cu
[P EshQ. 51 A[P zxUPsh (C[Q
BLmh Cv v; 26 Gzxzu; Cu zxU Psh)
UPnUP zuP EshUQ CUQx. Ci, H [P
Q[P permutation, combination \x (uPa \zx, mk)
zx H P[P EshUQUQx. Auzu
aPzv ""||u x P (B)P '' G \
CUQx."|u x Pa _[Pzu x' G
Azu. "US U' G | k \UP sk.
""P BP'': "Pa _[P'. _[Pzuz ushz ush
o Qhx [Pz ushz ush P[P
QhzxU PshUQ. "BP' G _[P. zzv z
Qhu AuS "zP' G . "PnP', "uP' G
"Pn sqQ', "u sqQ' G Azu soU
Pu h "Pna _[P', "ua _[P' G soU Pu
x.
P G [P uPa \USx PxUS xP,
US UuP CUSi sn sk. gPPa
\u [Pa \zx Pz sqx PPx. Auu,
""||u x P'' G miUQ. x, C U. u
\Q A u "Pv&PP&Ru&HP {n'P
|h b B\ [Ru \z U, P (,
) BQ |Pz ux vUQ. B "v'k
mhP {P, Px Psk, P zv xzu U
nPa \UQ.
Czu P[P z u Pshzv GU
PkPUS
Ah[QUQx.
Da
Pshzv
AuQUQx; A Pshzv [Ruu CUQx!

Ah Pshzx h, Ch Pshzx P Csk
AP G v& [P Cu CUS bPkzv
APh zP Azu zu {mkQx.
546
u \nP E & 70
u \
Pzx n Ah Pzv \zu (70, 71, BQ)
Csk aP[P \Q. zzuku Pzu Jkx?
AuP u aPzu z ukzv
Cshu AUS u zv ukzv
iUQ.
]n \x n u A. "usix
uP Ph' G A Pmi "u u ' G A
Pmk. a v Ix uP zxUPsk
uU P sox a ]nP Ah J uU
Qmk Aa \xPP BUQ Pu. AUS | u
Giz ux, u u Auz u \u s P G G
B\ (a&70) \Q. ""A'' G Ah Kixu
AuU P GQ. (a&4) C uzu A Pmh
\nzu PkzxkQ G, C[P PSUPP
Au a \Q. AUS Gzu u? |. US
g] ] Gzu? Ax |. ? ""'' & u
Evzu' GQ. Ah u u v CUQx.
umhx Ah uz usk v, Au
i u u v CUQx. uUSz u v
Azv EP squ? Au u u u
J ]US A J u uzvh A PmkU
zvzxzu Au ]PU PU PsiUQ GQ.
Ah uzuz u G \x AuU
Skzvmh E G A B\USz uh
"vzu' so Akzu aPzuU PkzvUQ. &
ukzv! z u[P ~Pu Av v ]x.
Ah z uzv u[P uzv [P ~
Auha ]UQx& \, R ]UP! Cu
Pv z G[Px i? uP E
\mh! B A Pkzu UPu \? Ax
uPa \ Ch PkUS? Au C Pg\ P \Uv
Kmi zx u QhUQu, !' G {zvUQ.
Ai Qhzuuzu aPP iU PkzvUQ.
G u? ""zzvS sqQ,
Ah u z u AuSU Qhv AuS CmiU Pv
QhzvUS. Ax mk. A \nzv AUS |[S
S ]_
547
]UPsk, Au P mhP z u[P ~P

{siU PsiUP. Ax Aua ] \x Pv h[S
BS? Aux Ax Pg\ & ]u & Ah u
Pv uUPmk ! G J v iL soUQ.
Ax[Th z A u \ mhuPa
\, ""P]z x P'' & ""Gi Pg\, J
fraction, u Ahmk'' G \Q!
a \u Ah u P u G
uz.
b
P\vu n A zu (Pzu)
aP[P iUQ. Av (a&73) Ah
Au & C; AuzvS & GuSU Pn PmkQ.
G Au \mh uP {z P.
Aux |kzu P CP, Qzu AhuP.
Ah zu so Pnv s
|kzu USUTh P {z PP, ""G C!''
Gi CUQP GQ. ""S Az'' & CUSUTh
PUQP.
G uz? P uu bzvPP Au Csk
Ah sokQx Gxu! Avu &
y&[P&P S & z P C u uu SuP'
G u Ai Cu Pzu \Q! "P' G
Su zvx |k "'zvS uP,
A Qzu u Au UPPP. {z UPu
APUSa ]u J |mh. Au P Auzuh
u P A u E\zvu?
unzv Pnv \; s u| u.
hUP su \; Pnv zv zv Ax
u. \ PhP (GU PiP) Cu B\
un u\ Pnv Ezu u\ szu J \zx
iUQ! Ah b G PmiUQ.
""uU Su''
u bzuU PuUQ GUS uQ bU
PP Ah u () i sokQu
A J aPzv (75) \Q.
548
u \nP E & 70&75
""A Eh u b, Pn u, C
G EzUhx Esh A US E
uzvu x & uu: : : v'' &
"uzvu zP SQx'. Ax A. P CUSz
u z v x; "u ''. Au
b } uU SuUS Fmi''... ""zh ]_'' & "uU Su'
GQ. Fmiu G Ba_? AuU Su ""P| h| A{
P}: Pu'' & "h PbPUP BPUQ
PP BQmhx'.
"h P' G | i P \Uv hzu. xv
sn "h' GP. uzv \Uv v UQ
Esh h P. Av Pg\ "u'' u yUPzu \.
(]zx) hP proud BP Chsk. Ax sq Pu zv
Uz vQk. uzu BPUQ Ena] [P
Sxk. z uu zu & "PhP UQx:
:: v' G Cu u u A|P
Pk x, zz \zxa
\, Aimh zu & so uUSu u
^P ("P}' G \uS Axu Azu; Ai
zumk BPUQ) Pua \ PQ, AukTh
h PbPUS Ui APUQh
"ii[U' [Q GQ.
Au zh ]_ & uU Su & A ba \mk
{P buP B |h uPzuPzu
CUPq u. b u zv P Qx \Pu
u A Hx sk G uQx. B\ QxUS
mh Pzv B skU Ph]x Iu si
u P P & HUSa \Q & CuuPz uQx. B
zvS v Ch B\ PzvS uzv
P PzvS CUS.
u soP B\ UP
A Suu x A AUS vzu J
\ Cu GkzxUPmi "zh ]_' G uu A n
~ v P |zuk & (]zx) |zuku! "|US
b Sia\!' GP u n ~ v &
SmiUQ GQP. G J P Hmk
B uQx. AuS v A[P uu ; Ax
P [P
549
zh u\u. BP B\ u "zh ]_' G \U

P uP Chsk. |US Ax .
B |zua \! B\ \ Sn Ax G
u. Aimh Gu n ~Pa \U Psh
AxTh u h PP GUS mh P}
PuPa \U P G P PmP. zx
zu Cv A~]u. H C[P Ah
u u. Ax Gmh \Uvk JzuUSU P k
v uQx Gua \x GU PPUS mh
uzv Jzu EmPzv UQx G z Eun
Pkzxa \x Uuu? ""G[P u {Q G Ph!''
G Aimh u P&P Ah J
yUSz yUQuPa \u Au E\zv u?
zh ]_ GuS u PuP |
UuUPx C Ba]P so i
PshhP C. |US six Au bUP uu.
i Ax (zh ]_) u Au |UP ,
|h. |USU P k v[Th sh.
bzvPP Au b zvzxU Psiu x.
P P [P
P\vu A ozxU Psk v v, Ck
u\ u P i ozx aP[P soU Psk,
u U Psk izvUQ. P |QP & "u' G
uUQzv \Qi & C[P A u US
J i , A Ch uzx skQ uzv CuPU
PmiU Psk Q. AuU PaU Psk Ahu
zx P Da zuuPa \U Psk UQ.
P u GQ v _zu k zx zxU Psk
Pq & Ai { GkzxU P, AvP u
sn! Uv Cu, o Cu Aizu sn.
Czu PP u n \P Aizu \x
vUQP. u Ax Aizu \ zvUQx!
Bi | "CiPmh zuk [P' G Eu\
sn sixTh C.
P n GuPP Ci |Q |PUS yUQU
Pmi B\ n vUS Ah[Q vuP zPU
Pmku Gu B\ UP. Au n
550
u \nP E & 76&82
Ah [Pa \siQx (a&82) ""z:

nv&Pi| ~'' G miUQ. G Azu:
z xvUP v, z usk v xP
CUS Ah P Cu [P mi mk J
PmiUQx. US Aiz u CUS? Au AUS
AiUQx G mkmh PUS AS C. Au PP
AuS J Pn PUSu u\P iUQ. A
vu. Au ok vUS x x |P soU
Psh. zP P izx P |k P kQ
vu |Px? Ai K J Ah Au P
Ex PU Pzx u mi G Pmi PP
[P BQmhx GQ. ""z: nv Pi|'' & ""z:'' & vUS;
"nv' & |P so so; ""Pi|'' & Pmi mk ;
""~'' & [P Csk mi!
C[P AU Tk x Csk \UQ.
""Qu'' G J. ""vb'' G C. ""Qu!'' G
" P!' Pu? AuU PUS P Gu Ch
[P P v CUQx G \ sqQ. Cx PPa
\x. A u\PU Tkx ""vb!'' GQ.
Ai ""\z vP Au!'' G Azu. uzuU
Psk vP mh Au Gu |,.
""{b&&{P'' G \ CUQx. A |UPP Au
vPz u U PmkQ. Aizu z uP v
|PUQ, P z P mi G PmikUS! Czu
Azu ""vb'' G Au ] uzu
() B\ uzx kQ.
Pzu Pv u
Ci ozxU Psk \n[PUS & viPUS &
Q. Axu | si Ch \s, As, P
G Auzu izxU Pq. Pzu, uzu iUPa
\v. Pzu? (]UQ) uzuzu iUP sk.
uzu iUPzu sk. | izvUQ P,
mh iUPq!
| Chi izxh i? A Chmk
ihq. Auzu B\ zvUQ. ""E uzu |
iUPq'' GP "Au } uq & u Eu uuq''
G zvUQ. ""u u \n''.
] vi
551
aw| u| uuv u \Pu

u u: ] u u \n >
: z u: _v & h&h&ui}
&&: An&&`ho ]: >> 84
(u:) u! (u) Ex ( \n) Gu Cni (aw|
zu:) i E{zxUP (\Pu) ioP (uuv)
uUQ, (:) GUS (_v) ] (h h ui})
iUPP B (P[P) (z u:) ""z'' E\ }Qu,
(:) GUS (An `ho ]:) vh io
\ ( :) \UQ \Qu, (Hu) Au
Cni () Gx (] A) i[Th (u) u (u)
P!)
Ah b E\u P Pzzuz uQx G
Chzv A uk Au Fmhmhx & ""uz uzu''
& G. C[P \n[P ""u u!'' GQ. Au
uuzvS G C aPzv \?
Au v uk A uQ \n uuzvS mh
AuzuU Pkzx b USu! ] B\
\nzu zx w ux Ai A[P Auzu UPa
\uSzu.
C[P |h b\ A B\ oPzu
uh ] \nzu USiP siU PQ: ""]
u u \n''. B, ] UPa \, S wP'
G Ehzxa \. w \[P PP (P)
UPmh siu, [UP (PP)z
uUQ. P|{zv \Uv bP x CzUS
Eu]zuuU SnzvU Pmi u skx & |
sh six & A bu uu G uzx
kQ. G S G: ""aw| zu| uuv u \n
\Pu'' Gvu \ CUQx. AuS Azu, "av ]
E{zxUP ]nP E \n[P uUQ' Gx.
u\{zxUP ], q SP x
Eu]zuuP G[P. SPzu G C; Gu
uzv AP a \. u
Pu Au "q' G Ph{zv (I.3.9), Au
{ x GQx Ax [Px GQ Azuzv "]'
G slUzv (7;12) Csk {Pzu \UQu u
BPa \! Az u "E', "w' G
552
u \nP E & 84
P P| {zv \, "z' G Smk, A

Pvk [SQ "\' G n so, A
CzUS b u\ uuu \UQx III.12; IV.1) E{z
`miUP ]n G A \nzu B\ \
Auz u x Gx.
""G ] E \nzu !'' G \ ""G
][Th'' & "" A () ]'' & G \vu B\UP
Av | CUQx. Ah Phzu si
x ""AuU Phzu G[Th }mi ! (| U
)'' G \ C[P zvUQ. A,
A~, P \Uv, U\Uv, u Ci G Ea]U
PiP Cu B\ o ux {v Ea]U
PiUQ!
""u u ] E{zvS ] UQ ] n
E \n! ] q[Th u[P ]P Av Qhzv
|PUQP! E{zvS ] n Aua \nzv
a ]n P[P x, AU&z&B\}
G h\\zv Qi \nzv UQ z wzuQx!
q ]n z `ho Av h Aiu AuS
|[S ]uQx! Ci uu G, u|PP Da
G, AimhPUS } vUQ \nzuU PmP
GUS G Au CUQx? GUS Au Cmh EUS
u, u G J CUP, C? Au u GUS[Th
v, u! u: Hu \n ] u u!'' G EQ
zvUQ. Phzu zvUS x ""U'' G C[P
""u'' G Au Am[Pa \Q.
z wzu P[P GQx Da Ch \UPzv
P[P Ch \nzv sqQ BQx!
"" P[P'' G A zux u A Pso
z Pzux? Au Ah[P, C P A
soa_! qh `ho P\ Aua \nzvS
|[Q \z uQx G \ u "\' GuS
""'' G miUQ. "" :'' G aPzv uS
(|[P) AUQ \ G Azu. q uh z
A \nzv |PUP sqQ G zUSi zu
miUQ! J aPzv z
\nzv AUS mhv ] z A uzv
]US Hu Pg\x S G. A uzua
vi u
553
\x \nzu ukzvx UPx

A\Pz uUS G G, C[P Ch
\nzv |[S AUQ \P CuPa \
"Pm' soUQ. Cu AUS P v
ukzva \u \. Ah
\nu AUS v u zu U
Pzv AUQu (a&98) J Aih Azv
mkU Psh B\ P \Uv GiU Q QP Qx
G Ba] so zu US!
a u uPa \Qx Ah
i Ai q uiuPa \Qx. A[P
A uh! C[P uiuP \mh, Ah
vi qh A Ai uhmh Au Da
|PuP CUQx! "" :'' Gu z uP
q |PzuuP zxU P. uv Csk
\u z Av AhUPu G "GUhm'
so zzvP \Uv \nzv Uvk \vuP
Azu soU P! u U (a&25) zzvP
Ah u hzv u[P ]US T u[P
[P Aa]UQP G \u zu. Cu
U i J Chzv (a&89) u PzxU P u
u h A \n Ph \zv E\ux G
Qx. u zP PP uP T "' A
uzv Ag u \Q G A[P \Q. Auk H AuU
uP T GuSU Pn \UQ. Ah
An \nzv UQ |P\ zu
] J Pzv ]UQ \ CUQx. Pu
zu \n sq a ]P Aua \Q. \, Au
Pv { uu { u
Tku u zP PzuP TU Psh GQ.
Aua \n[P uu uh ] `miUPsh
[PP CUQ! unPa \x Aii ui Pu v,
u z \nzuz ukuPzu! B uuUS
Au \n Qhzx mhuP C[P B\ zvUQ. Cx Gi
|hux? ""Au imiUPq; "u' imiUPq'' G
x PQ. Au u, ""Au u C u so
G ]US E \n QhUPa \!'' GQ; Au \n
P Cx Pz u G [Q!
554
u \nP E & 88
UP u
P via \x; u P, "\nu'
G. ""Aimh uzu Eh zvx Pmi
[P A H UP E vUS Gizu iuu? Pu
& Gizu; & PP; E| P "E G
.
"E|'
\zvS
B.
"E'
UuazvS B. E| P u "u G z
so a; zv u & (AU) P
UPmhu?'' G J aPzv (88) PmQ. CiU Pm
""AUS G Pi ]zu? GP |P, ""G A |g_?''
GQ. ""u |'' G miUQ.
H Ci \uS Csk vP Azu sn.
mh |si "v' GQ v \QuP Azu.
C, \uPz uQx. Aui |si C;
uzuP \Q G BS. Aui G, "]|u '
C[P xnUSU TmkU P sk. C A|P
[PTh |h A&A J B\ so
Cu Csk "'P comparative study, complementary study G Jmk,
J \zx zu A|P uP APh. \nzu
[P ukzv "]|u ' AP, EUP J
A uzvUQ. (a&80) Pzv u
ush \u Ah PmQ. "A! } h
snq h mh uPzx h
C? H, | P mkU PkUP Uu C?
Au mkmk Cu [P H uzu a_ h
s? | Jzu [P uzuh & ug_sk,
A "A uzv | h snq' u AxUS
m[P BiUQx?'' G A[P PmQ.
C[P Au a zu "E' G
\UQ. AvP Phu Au H mh,
Pnzuhu! "E' G | AhUQUPsk x.
J E|zvx J Sh \x A A |
AhUQUPsk uSzu. Au J sn v
S J ^kzv AhUPzuk Uua |hzu
sqxu E GQ .
Cx Pzx zPUS Pmh skuPP z
\Uv sk v zv ah E
A PS |h
555
Q. Ax A Pzx [Ph E u &

|si; {P ""u|| |'' & A u v
ukTh Pi]zu Psh SuP |mih
sk {zv! AuS "m['PP "A v'
so!
Au A \n zu Cu |h A U
SUQuS . Auh J u, zuu C. J uu
SuP, A \nzua ]zuzv & ]zu GQ ] &
Px zxU PQ J mk uxPsk mh
Ax u Psk \zxk. Gz u \nzu
zx b UQ Pkzu A. Auu u\w
Pzv Ak US sna \UQx.
UP | k[Q GkUQ A[P |]uS Au \n
zu x, uUP |]uS Auz uUS S
A \nu x, Auu, ""|[PUS vzu'' G
Amh uP A \UPu S A b~U
so E{zu B\ bPkzxx, A A
""'' mka \x. Au \n zuP |USU Qhx
Gu |Px Cx mk Pmk. Cx Ah
Uzv \nzv mh J zu Gkzx ] JUPsk
siUPsk SuPP C.
AS|h Ain Bz n
\n[P |huPP Hmh. "A |h' G P |QP
|hPa \x. B\ Cu a \ J aP (91)
soUQ. A[Pu A |hPz u[P PU
P sk Ah g\ soUPsiu!
Ah Pn Psh Ah \n[P |hx PmkQ
"hm' |hP "ja' souk {P
zu "v' "ja' so! Gi \n[P
oa ] Aox PsiUQ. A |hUSx A " '
G \vuP |USz uQx. uzv Au " ' u Aua
\n[P "v' h \U PkUS zuP. (a&60)
\. PuoP n n \uzu A v PzvS
mk zu \ G. C[P Au v
zvS Po \uzu |hS h.
]UP "P' G Esk. P Au zx a
soUQ. Gu B\ Ai snU Pn. PUS
556
u \nP E & 87
G so zx mh UQx! "' Gx
{P SUS. " ' G \Q? Cu
zx P a snmk G B\ u mkU
PkzvUQ! (u&27)
Ah P\v u n Ph]P aPzv,
Ah \nzv uh g\z[P Ai P
sk G B\ zvUQ. Cu \.
UQ AvP hzv Cu aP A|h PU PkUQ
aPzvS vuP CUQx. B Cu v Au v
Psk Q h u PmiUQ. n
iUSx Ci ""u... \n { : Pn \n: m\nu'':
"E viz u G I B PPPU
Psh E sk Ai uvUPmk'' G \nPv, Bz
n squ zuPz uQx.
Cu sk&u Ii "s [P'zv Pg\
vP "mw' uz'zv B\ \UQ.
\n[P aP[P CuU Ph]P zxUP
A hzv, Cx UPzv CUQ hi Cu
aP G[P Qu Au Chzv "Pu P u:'' G aPzua
\QP. Avu B\ u zzvPa \UPsk
uUS z zv HkuPP Ah \n wzuzu
sq | GUS G Pmx. \nzu A|P
aP[P uS |k Cx x zuP uQx.
Ax u, ux UQ hzv v, ,
A uzx aP[P \u
A Csk x mk Cu "Pu P'' break sqQx.
AuP i \Q aP Qx. |
\Q C hzv Au aP[P break C
uha] Q.
zuv J soki | \. Gu
Uzv n so u.
u JPx!
viz u G uzv AuS J. vi
viu! Ck \zx AuS E\zv EsksquP
C. uh A vi Gzu v E\ux G zxU
Pmi J aP Pg\ i (a&87) B\
soUQ.
u B
557
G uzv E\zv? u PQ kx:

""} u''. A vi? ""Q {P \x'':
UQ z x! uPu , UPP
G[P G, Csk u! Av
h u[P g\x A vi. A CshuP & u
T kQx: ""{\ {zn''. u Tx Ps
iUPsk {z sqx v Cu "{zn' G. A
\n [Th G[P Gu UuPUS A~U P u A[P
Kkx; ""{] \ P \ \u'': i i k, a]k
Cx. uP & u "" z'' Aux u
x CuS B\kQx; uUS zxUPu
{UQx. vi G sqQx. ""a
Av&u |'': Gu A mh
GUS, JUS, Ah vi EshUQU
Pkzx kQx! P U[P PkUQx G Azu.
vi v uQx! u A uUS izx zxU
Psh, Cx A UPkUQx! Bi, ""
zzu |{ u: ]z C Q'':? "A! u E vi
UQx! Cv Ba\h G CUQx?'' E vi viu!
\
G Azu & u zzv Azu A &
A UQ ozu. A (a&92) Au n
Gu CUS Bzu oUQ. Au aPzv Azu
A[P \x J _Q Ah An Pv
\Q. |zv Ezz&~ (B Eu
P Pv hzu) G u \ A P\v u
n G B\, "J z CUPmk!' G A
n u izxmk A Ah u PvUS
vUQ.
Bzu \ mh & g\ Uz zvP
| U PPP, Iu PP Psh
Av\ B G!
Au aP U PsiUS Ah Ana
\ zua \Q. Au P\ ] ] \UPa
\ PaQ; P i Esksq u
uuPP CuU Pa&Pa uv CUP sku A
a[P |PP BQ; a[P zv { ]P A
558
u \nP E & 87&92
PsqUS A Au UP uQ & G Pz, uz,

"m v' G \x \ CUQ.
Ah \Uv a] Au Q, b
a[PzvQ G Cu v zx Px
A Q, b snU Ti G x Pq; |
PvP w AuU Ph ug\ Psk. uz
Ca \u Au v C |
zx ux E Ah[SuS A \s
G zvUP sk. Eu ] v u Au
CUQx? Au Eu a[Pzua \v |
Au v { bPkzv P sk.
] { \Uv, P zuU Pmkx, , G
Ah[Q \v. Eh Th i H ]Qx. i
Su pale &BP UQx. P P BU so | Jzu
zu, \PU PkzuuPa \ x | Gi \Uvk
uUQ Guz uUQ. zxU Pmiua \u
Gv Gi \Uvx Ah[P so Guz uUQ.
A ] ]P BUQU P g\zu Ak
\x |hzxQ!
a[Pa ] CUPmk. Pn ] |US six. Cu
a[P Eshu Cu iQ Pzvh k Pn
Pmhsk GuPPzu. Azw zvS A
Pmhq Gsn u ux. A Pmhq Gsn
u x. A Pmh B q GuPP Pzu i
\ {zux. u uuP Cx Au i so
k G a[P zv EshUQ. J Au & \u
x ]P u x Axu. ]&\UvP v&v
Gx Au AUS a[P G ; ihzv Pmk
x Ax Pn GkQx. |US six AuU Pnu.
x zvx P\ P |P
UQx, PQ x A ]Q kQ. |US Ah
Pna \ Ai UP zx P zx a \
usk.
a[Pa ]x Psa ]US | Hu
uzuzu }mi mh G {zxU Psh! Akzu
aPzv B\ \uzu \.
APPa \ok iUQ. ""v Pn P]z An;
n mi
559
Pz&zx \&v Pn P]un''; ""Pz'' & Pzu; ""zx''

& uPP; ""\:'' & A\u ]; ""Pn'' & Pnx;
""P]z'' & nwu; ""An'' & Ana ] AQ; ""v'' &
k [SQx; P~UzvPP \u ]
Pna \Uv An G AQ k vU \x
PsiUQx.
C[P ]&\Uv Azu xkQx.
\v shP
a[PPU \. Ai uv zUSU
Sa]P Py, a\U Pv z[P
Qsnzv mk zx E\ sqx UP. Au v AUS
zvUS U Qsnu uu û { \v
G uPU PP so Akzx aP (94) \vUQ.
"\v Gx AUP U Qsnu. \v P[P G
Pz vmha \Q, Ax uzv Au
miUS Pyu. J PP v \v P\
Qx G | \x Av \v \vPU P
\vxu. A vu A EQUP EQUPU
Qsn Px, A replenish sqxP (Suu
Cmk {xP) |hUQx' G ]zPU P soUQ.
GuPP Ci P G, v aPUS
Pn so zx umhx UQP u.
Au vUPnzuk Ezzu z Gx.
C[P uvPa \ iUSx A Gix Psk
q G B\US! Auk {Sn Cu g\ Uz
uv { u Uz i \Pz
uQu, Au iUP u AvPP CUQ
US uzzv ]a \qu? Auk n
Bzv \v\PPz u \? A \z sh
Ba\! \z uu AUS v? AiUP, v
aPzv A "An' G v \uk
mkmh . \vUP J aP soU
PkUPq G Ci J P \vUQ. [P
"{' Gx. Au Ah shPa \za
\ H Pkzx mh. \z AUS J sh zva ]
G A G UPq G UP UQ.
560
u \nP E & 84
B\ kUS Ga\UP!
B\US [P u v Ch
PkUPUThx Gv J uUS AUP Esk. Bu
a[Pzua \ mh, Au [P PP GkzxU Psk
u h QP G \ EshUQx.
C \: "" \U E Uu snq
\zb&[Q zv Av n uzv g\
CUP A vh a[P, |
GQmh Pn CUPuzu C (B\)
iUP? Au, xsk, Ci i { Uu
soku zu ( \U E) \qq C,
D A&AUS | i ig\u, ug\u
sn?'' G [P BzxhQP G B\
Pmi UQx. { G \P C
A&A G EUPu. B Ax
z Thx; z[P BvPUS CUPUThx. Hu J
hzu zx | , |a \ mk, &Rzu
kx G mkh. "mk h' Gx, Es
[QU Psk , B vi sn
Chuu, Hu |US Ai Pz [QU
PsiUQ v zxU Psk, J UP
EUQx, Hu Pg\ mkmk, J E
P mkkuP u CUQx! J vUS, {zxUSU
Pmkmk sq Cux z Thx. |
a { | ({i a C) Gx
zv, { u u BQ zuUS
n hU Thu! A\mkzuP [P Ai U
Phh QxP, G B\ {zvUQ. uzzu
iUQ PmhzvS xmh. Au i E so
G G \uS i u so uzu
vzxU P "' sn {zvUQ.
Csk v u: u U Uz Pkzxa
\ zu { {hUS UQu U Phzv
miUPx J; Csh U \ v uz E
Hu |, U PUP v GkzxU Psk, SUP a
\ ]UPsh PuP soU Px J. B\ Pzx
~ Gx Aa\ Aizu P.
G[Th, u Aa_US Ch PkUP Ga\zx zxkx
\U & {
561
|x G k {zvUQ. Auh
uP Pmk Gu Qi Azu
soUP xu\ Cx HmiUQx. B C[Th Cu
v J uz n G QP Cu
Jx _zu Psnku zxUPsk QP. B
"' Gu G \ iQu u "G' G
\ zu CUQx. Ax u, zv Ci
"n' G UvP iP mk, UiUPP
iP, Ba] G iUQP, CUQ G iUQP,
uU
PskiuP
iP
BQ
Cx
\vUQP. BP E\u U Pmkmkh n
squSzu Cu uz Hmhx; v uzzu
u , zu Bu | Cz
{Uzxh u \q G uUP six AaQx. Cu
AUP uz Gv zux B\ somh.
Rzu Ena]Pz ysikQ G Ph.
Aiz ysih sk Chk GxQP
CUPzv vQ uPz uQx. Cu iL
\QP; Cizu Guq GQP G PkQ.
Jzu [P u P squSU Pnx mh
u sq [PUS HkQu, PnPz ysiU
Pkzu AUS PzxU PsiUQu
xPuu Ci so QP. B\ J
UuPzuUS, ]US Cu zvUS Enx,
iUQPUS CUP si a \U
iUQ.
"UPmkk', "Cz {U' G \u nP
vzxU Px Ph. Ai soPu iUP,
z E sn G zv JzuThz u mhP!
BP iu AUPx CuU PmkmkUS ]
sqQP, Ax Ax Hh sk G ux
CUQPu C ]UP zxU P.
iUQ mkx UPmkk, sqQ mkx {
{h A],
APP, BuP A ozxU Psh U Ph]
iUQ zv "[' G UP , | mh
si KmiU Psk CUQ kQ Chzv h U mk
562
u \nP E & 95
sh CizxU P sqQ v CUP Qu,

SP si {zxQ, [P | so
|UPP uzvUQ. ""}[P U Pmkmhk E
sq[P'' G | uxUTha \ A zx,
UPmki Ah QP Gu { CUQP
Gu zv \ "Snzxx' GQP, Ai
so (95&x) aPPU PkzvUQ.
[P Azu , AUS AuLzv u
u A. Ci Csk "'[Pa \zx zu
AU Tmk BUQ: ""u: AuL''. AuL
|QP E {u Uu& a[PUQ mh u,
E Cz {Uzuku UP sk & ""zz \n:
u u&Pn A'': "Eh u J[P
U A CzhPUS Guv!'
&Cia \, "Auu Cz {U uu Czv
uP Au AuLzvS , Gzu Pi
( G Gmk, Jx ; Ai Gzu Pi )
u {QP' GQ.
|n ()\Uzv JuuP E |kzv CUQ
u
\Uzv
A
vk
Bux
PsiUQ Avx J BnPU Pi Pi
u u Bn CUQx. Axu A u
UPi Psk. J Pk C; \x
PkP. Au z u CUS u Pi
Aov zvP uu zv CUQP. Jx Bn[P
A|P uuP CUQP. J uu c
(o) AUS Ah[Q AvPP EPPUS J
Czv A~U sq. z Au A u ~Uu
sk CP i A Gi
||P, G C [P zx zvUQ G
|hP zu Ah {k \zxa \zx uPP |n
G Au uu zv Jzu mk P
sqP. Uv zuk \u |hP ! B Uv, |hP
Gu "D&P['PP sn G h, Av PP
Cii z, C E\ G u , \mh
G! G Au EPP u A~P.
hkUS mi zu Ak {P zP,
k Gu
563
G.UP, BP, Ah P.A., P m, \ PUQ u

US G Cm sqx Esh? Cu
[P |US J |x sni. AuP Aui
APUS Au hh PkzvUQ. B A
uuPUS CPh {Pq, CP E\ snq
G C. Aix mi G, A zu UP, A
\u Hk G uUPP G Tmk E\x. Ai
A Pv GP _ uu J h |n Uzv
sqx. hm P J zh J
, J G..h J Am G {P
CUQP. u[P UQ J UQ mi uPP
Ah uh[Th Eu PmP. CP hm
Aui EPu. hmu Azu Aui E
Ahu... AUP hha \Q G zxU
P[P! Ah Bzx v, G.., B G Szx
Psh x uh U SUS. [P
A Auu zu CP Hu J UQh uh
HkzvU P i. u UQUS uh zxU
P iuP G zv U R vv CP
G Azu.
Ci |nzv UPi mi uPP &
PPPP & Aov zv uuP CUQP.
miu? Au zv J v ! Ah zv,
zuP, ]zx mk G PkQ?
Aimh, CPUS z, Ba\ \UvP Gmk, Ao
Gx Av u, Au J AqzPa _[Qh.
J \P UP "' Gv zv sk. Ci Gmk.
Ck C Csk Tmi Au zvPUP zx uuP
|n U Pi CuPa \UQx.
CPh ]zxUPsk x {P, CPz usi Akzu
A[PnzxUS P Aux uP, G \Q; ""\uP
P:'' GQ.. " P so Cv u' G Azu! ("\u'
& ; "P' & P.)
Cz Ah bu\ U Psk b,
Pk qk A Ah u
Ea]hzvPP G \, C[P H Ci A
PPPh U PmkQ. AUS U Phz usi
Aux C GQ.
564
u \nP E & 95
A J uPa \. Bv ix C
J Cz CUP. CzP CvUQP. |US B
\x PP, US J PP E P P Gv v|
~UP u Pzv J \zu Bzx P.
J ~ u PzvS u G . Ai xx ~UP
x uPzv xx BP Cz uUS P.
Aau so JUP CzuS Uu Esk. Ci
Uu vzu ix C A|P
u[P CzPP CvUQP. AP
Jzuu Ah E\u x; u Ea]hzvPP
x. A J v UP Cz G zxU P.
xP CzP |nzv \ PPh {Q
AUSzu CP. H, A ""u Pn A''
G, Aux " Pmki A QPUS
APhU Ti A' G \, Auu! P
uPzv {z zuk CUS Cz uP
Cz U[P CkPPzu Cx UP.
CP |nU Pmha _PUS \u {P sk!
"Cz ' G J zu \Q. Azu AzuP ]zxUP
sqPUS A PmiUP Guu Au zu
vUQx. B A A\k! uP Cx[Th Ah
Q Au & Cz {U G Uu & vzxU P
Ah u u {Q A\k!
hm G v mmkU Psk A mkUP
AUP. uu AUPP m, m, u, h
mkUPsk kUPP a sq. C[P PPP zvP
Aizu US Av\P ]zx P sqP.
B Av Bzzu GzuTh CUPx. Av\zv
CUQ Cv Q Bz UP
vhThz ukzxk! AP EPUS Au
]zxPa \U PkP. CuU Smi uuP
sk EUP i. P E z, uz,
G G Esh Au , G so Ax x.
E Cz {U, ]zu _zv Gx u. Au
Czv uP CP Ezx CP vUSU PkUQ
zvP U PQP. ""zv Ax'' G B\
\Q: ""Cnu zvP G Azu. \P PQ va
\Q! B Cu Ax zv[Th A {va \
Av\U P
565
\ EPPx G Pmh, ""u zu vv:

Aozv: }u:'' & " E \ PP
AovP Cu u "Ax zv' (Pa
\Q!) AhUPkQP' GQ.
B\h |, |US P C[P uP
C [S PP xkQx! zvP
miUPhx Gxu Ax. Ah zvS Gmhu
yzv z QP PkUQu Aov zv Gv
A A Ah squS G yzvUQ G
Snzv kQ! " J mk UP kQ
a\ B\ x?' G JxUS i |Pz ysiU PkUQ.
zuP G PP CvUQP.
CUS A|P PUS |k Ai Cshzu C
P. B AP Cz {U soP. zuP
( BuzvPP) ]zx sqP. PhkQ [PUS
Azu \UvP J |x sniQx G Pn
zvPU PP. AukTh Da \Uv Gmhu
uuPP AzuPa ]x sqP. G | zvUS
xhx; CuS h, US APh A|P
\[P Esk G usn zvPU PmkP.
AP \ h[Pu x[PUS BPx.
AuL uvP ]&\UvP Giz uzzuzv uu
Pq Ai UPmkiuP ux Pix.
P v Ai uzzv ozvu iUSxTh |US
Cu bP Phx. Pmkhu Czv u |n
\U A u u BnzvS u
{QP Gu AuU Pmkk sk {P
B\kPu \U snsk. AuU Pmkmi B\
u, US Ci {, C v G CUQ Pmkmhk
AuU PmkmkUPP sou Ax Uu z .
Pmkk Cmh u; u Th Hk G
zxQ v J zuTh h |P so
Ci J aP!
AP Av\U P
uvPP v _zuzua \mhu
iUQP Ai P & Pg\ |UPx P & G
566
u \nP E & 96
|UP A aP zzvP uvP

uzxa \vUQ. P v PP Gi iUP
sqP Ai!
J aPzv (96) G \Q E\u PP v
G \ UPsk. \zUuP
Jzuu v . Au v qu {P GQ
US u , \a^ G \Q.
Ci ~Pk A ukzv G[Px \
UPsh, \ Esh? Qhx. ah
vu zP A Cu Pzv Azu US
Au u, J a_US, Av\UvUSTh A v
P \Q v Gx \v.
Aimh Ah vzzvS uuP J
\Q. P Pzv zPUS Hk \UPUS uu
G . Cu uu vPUS Esk G, Ax A
G B\kQ Ax zvu A zx, A
Pzx PkUS G J m, C , \i, PiUS C
uu G P \P. Au G \UP B\ J
~ z ukzv CUS. iUP iUPPa
\US. J z Ph mh J US
Ch A P, a[P h _Q P
] US; J A Bi US; J A i
US; C zv A Fv US;
C ]zP, A x mkU Psk Au
Pzuu US! A Eumhu UQx
GTh J! Ci Cv SP G uo (u) J z
AnzxU Psh x. aUP u &U&P
n soU Pskmh A J uo zvS CUQ
Cu uuzuU Thzv snmh GQ!
C[P AU Tkx, "v! w| A\!'' GQ.
u "v' Gx A JzvUP P Cua \U
Tkx. u vUS zP A Cux AUS zu
Ax. "z' Gx z, |x G Csk Azu PkUS.
AuiP Ai (v G) z |x \Uv
AuzvS . Au Auzu A izux
vzzv! vz uP A sou Ai
|x Auz uP Pkzu uzu ux G n
zP somh. Avx vu GuP "v' G x
567
mhx. Azv "v' G proper noun Ezu z

APU Su common noun BQmhx! ""w| A\!''
G B\ \x Cu x zxzu. Ezu
zPUS uh !' G Azu. "\ aP' G
PmiUP. JzuUS UP iu A sqx
\ aP "\' & i. "A\' & u.
] JUS Euu; Au A Eui BUQ
GuP uzzu Bzu. \Uu \z A Aia \
zux. P AuSU P Pkzux. B iUSx & final word
u w? Aiz wz ux & u\P Cx Psk
Pzx [PUS |h UP Gx |u, Gxu u
\z v, Auzu \ sk, DaUS uh ux,
A uh G Bzn so vu
zP AU Pmi CUQ. Cv Ea]USzu Akzu
aPzv (97) Q.
zv mh
Q&u zn&Up BPu
: z} z &\ Az&u| >
x P z xvP {
a & >> 97
(BPu:) \vu (AP E) (zn
Up) C (Q u) UuP (:
z}) v z (z) PQ P, (
\) ] Cz xn (Az u|) PP
(B:) TQ. (z) } (x) (AUS mh)
|PP, (P A) CzuP GU Tsnu, G
vP ( ) zv
mhzu] () P (Cx Psk) (a)
g\zu () _a _Q.
"" '' G J Aun C[P AUSU
PkzvUQ. \Uvzu GUS mhuP \Uu
\v \Qx. Cu uz Aizu \UPsk
vUQx. Au Bm]vP hzu ; PzvS
u&uUPPU PmhquPPzu A v | PkzxU
Pa G Jzu zxU Psix G {a
568
u \nP E & 97
\UQ. B C[P "" '' GuS G

Azu & uzxa \x G Azu &
P CUS Dau BQ , Ah zP
Cshx uzv C A G Azu. "' G
mhzx o. u Bm] \zx Gv;
c, \Uzv G \x, &c, \Uzv&\Uzv G
CUQ v & G Qhx. A\US G
C. (]zx) Ax A u! Gmh C "'.
Aux US Ah[Q, z uzv CUPmhUP Hmh
zP "' Gx Au AuS "' G Bs
C.
] A\UQ, BmihUQ A \P
UQ G HPPa \mk iUSx z uzua
\ sk G AUP \UzvP mhP so
A Ah USQ! AUP Axu iUS!
Au B\US x (Sx) mk Ci h
zvx?
aPzv Ph] zu " '. Au u
\mh. AuS i G \Q? v, ,
vP zzv zPa \Q. Au |Pu
x zv z \Uv Paa
\UQ.
u aPzv, ""v PP, PP
A|P Esk. E zxzu Aia \uQ ] zP
mk vuP CUQ!'' G \x Csk
mh umkQz uQu? Ai G
Cu aP Bzv U sqQ. Azu B\ G[Px
uu sq? GkzxUPsh zvS H Pkzx,
PmQP. Av |P USia \uPP
P CUSQ va \xsk. Aizu A[P so.
Cu B\u \u h, \u h, a[P \uUP
G \ GuP vhu Uv PmiUQ.
{P zx UP "u\|' G zu x Csk UUS
"v', "v' G A zvUQ. Gu
u\|P C. Au v, xvP
\US ""P|Pu u'' A \uxu. Axu A
so u uzv!
569
u u C Gu u U \x kQ.
A zx ""Eu z RaP, q
z zvz uP \x'' GQ. ""Q u zn
Up... : z} z.'' Cx Hu uPa \v; uzv
A u[PUS u Gxu G |Pz
uUQ & ""uu zP Cizu \QP & BPu:
B''.
A ""\ Azu|'' GuP "zz v
}u' GQ. "Az u|' G P.
zzvPk i g\ Uz zvP Esk G, z,
v zzvP P G, Pa&PaP g\
UzzvS
"h'
EmPx
PsiP
\UQ. Au zzvPh zP JzvP
Pzu \UvUQ v v&P v
\Uv PaUS u; uzv Ru. B Au
Csk a\ v v \Uvu G
AzuPa \Q. \Uvz u Gx; Au
GQ Cx Gu Azu.
Ax A Ai Azu \z A "x'zv
Pskmk kQx. "g\Uz' G Ix, AuS z
Au \Uv G \ \Uu \Q v Azuzv
\v. |h Ax izxk. Azu \zzvS av
n slU (E{)zv Aizu hPa
\UQx. J US u (P {) Gx, i
G Uz Au vv G v (yUP) G
Pmi, A v y[P Cx PsiUS E
zu |x { \xzu G \ Ax izxk. Aua
\xzuzuzu x Gx. Au Aih C[P B\ i,
vv, PzuUP \UvPa \h, g\ Uzzv
vu, A~U G UQ CUS P x GQ
zvS kQ.
zv \Uv Azuzv A \Pa
\v. \Pa \ G H \Q, ]
{UQ JiPa \.
CPa \UQ. " z'zv u z
zv B\ zvS n[P \x Ax
""{z&_zu&zu&Uu '' G \uk {zu, ""b''
570
u \nP E & 97
G \Qu Au "HP'zxUS v "' G A|P

CuP, A Cx AQu J{
JUPmk kQx. A C hP "" \Uv
u'' G J n \zvUQ. ""u \ uz&u\|z
(II.1.30)'' G zzv zv C hP zu {
JUPsk, ""]z (Aux u uP E) \UvP''
Pshx G \Q.. ""\UvP'' G \Uvk Tix.
Cu \Uu \xu C[P x \Uvz
uh PU Psix VGx! bz G Azu
B\ P P Jzu; B\ | ],
Ph] ]. A,'' _zu Azu u\zv \Uv, i Gx
Qhxu. B Au Azu G CUS
"azuUP P, E uUS Ch[Pkzx, Au
angle &x USx, zv b ]z Gx
\Uvx Psk, Az G G \Q
h\Uv Pzu EsksquP UQP'' G uPa
\UQ. B \UvU Tzv z v \u
zv Au IU sqxu Azu uP[P
B\h P \UvUS U u, i J
P JxUQz umk AuS E x zv
]zuzua \zu sq. \Uv G Bs&so \u
GPUTh A AvP \v G x Au zP
z GuS A[P Ch!
B Au B\ A[P z B\u C[P
z B\P CxPsk Cvu A] (Dkk) G
CPUS Pmkx Pa \Uv
z, GQ. z uz Azu zuu
PU PshuP Azu b Q xzu
GkzxUPsk, zu Cu Uv Q ]&\Uv uv GQ
Azu Auk \zxU Szxa \UQ.
"x' G A Aa \x, v, , v
G US A AUS P P E |u
\Uva \Qx zv. x zv
\Uv&z x Gu Aia \Q.
""AP! } z zv mh UQ. }
P a u zu C n
sqiP & Aux, _a _ A iP & \Q'' GQ.
Aux Azuzv UPa \ P \Uv
zuu
571
"IhiL' so (Azu) uu \Uu Csh

kzv kQ. Au ""yvP { '' G
]USu \Uu \Uv a \Q
\UQ. "xvP' G "Ah iux' G Azu. Au
Pmh PhUP ix G Azu. { , G
Pmhiu Amh , Pshx G Azu.
Azuzv z "xa\' G u \. Ax Cu
u v A{\} G. C[P Au \UvP
Ci Pshi AhP kQ!
i u P A so miu
zx, US Gia \ AP CUQ vv APh
BzzvS EshS Ai USPa \
Dinu B\ |h Pzu B\. Ci
UP[P Pmi AzzvS |UPP z
B\Q C[P _Qx Au \vzvx ]x Azu
\vzvx ]x G, Gux CPP J \
AimhP Gkzx JPz vmi, zu
\zxU Qz vmkUQU PkUQx U PkzvUQ.
Azuzv Ah {Sn k u
Cux. Azu bzvS AzxUPsk Q \Uu Uv
DkkPUPP
Au
zu
APh&shmiP Ekzva \ kQ! Ax

mk. AzuzvS yzv E \z u[Pu x
EPzvS . Ai PzxUS \uS |h Pu\
UP mh. Au APh&shmi Guk
{zvh APhUS Ah[Qzu shmi G
PmkuPP zu \UzvUQ \Uv Ah
Pa \Q!
Ah Gzu \, Ax Gzu \Pz vx
GUS Ch Pkzx GUS PmkQx G zu &
uUS G Cxu zuu G mk iP Hu J izxU
P Gi zuu[P A kzxQ G
zu & UP UP "Ci J B\ |USU Qhzu!' G
P CUQx.
Bzv A\u ]zu \Uv A\uPa
\ iUSx a u A A\ A\ G A\zxa
_mi UQ & ""a '' & GQ. Au J ]
nx (_]hux) Azu a i Hmk G
572
u \nP E & 99
_Q, u \UQ! J AqUS GUm PskUS

1,86,000 Pzv _vx, |z sh[P
PUP |h u P U |z[P u[Pz
u[P _UPsk, Auk BP\ v KmhP KiU
PsiUSiP, \ iu k Pzu A\, A\
G A\zxU PsiUQ! Cu Azu \zu \zx zx
J u \g\UQx! "a '' G
Pzu mh! P Ru "" u{'' G
\, A Szv ]zu u \u & (]zx) | Azu
US "]zu ' G n CUPzu CUQx! Au & mk
\. P uzv Cx Psk AP DaBmi
u mk \. B\ \u A\u G
\zx "a' G mk mh.
P Ci Bmi ~U oP Cu
Pzv u AP so i Bhu A\u
u ]P & P & squ Akzu
aPzv uUQ.
Azx A A k
J uzzu iUSx "Cu nzu C C '
GuP av G aP Pkx UP. B\ | zv.
Au Ph] Cx J uP somh uz;
Ah Au u Hu x zu Gu zux G
iUP mk Ai x aPzu iUQ. AuS
u aPu (99) av v soUQ. A
av. av vxu! Au A h
so P Au uzPzu G \ G
AUSz u. AiUSx "CuS C ' G
\ uh USUS Au \UvuPz u umh
AizxUPQ vu G {zvUQ. Ai AhUP!
Au, "Cu uz nzvS ' G \, & uz
A E [Pa \zuzu Hmhx? & Au
EUS Cu G \ h G wzx
Ai soUQ. "Cu uzzu n sqQ
C AhQ' GP, "E EUQ & zz | &
Cu P AhQ' G iUQ (a&99)
PU Pzu, Cu uzzu n squ
A xu, Exu! Ah \UQz ux
xv
573
uS Cu uz US EPUQ AUS ,
, z Gx sq Gx u. Ci A {P
\UQx E C G Gxu E?
C& uzzv u U Ah z uz .
Csh U u . Au uz Au!
Ax Au n Eu? n sqQ
"' u?
, A Eu G QhUQu, "G
u QhUPUS?' G v \ siUQx! C
| Azu uQ A. |u |, C |
| GvUPmk. bP, P Aia \U
PsiUPmk. Ax |US i UPmk. B
Cx Cu P | Gx |US sh uQ US
|US CUQu G? Ax "`, vP!' mk Eh Au
USzu EshUQh i? Au Czvu zvS gradual
BP, {uP, A |U Psk . Cv
ux Pu AUS xPzxU Psk xP J g_
PmhU P\[PP, A xP BQ v {uP, CP &
Czu & A~zx Cvx Pu C Q v
kk. Cu C |hP Au UQmk so
zvUQ? ] uUP k?
Cu hu C | G A uuPa \
Ezkzxx. B\ Aizu EzkzxQ.
A | uu, A u Gu mk A \
{zv EUP mhP.
C |P Azu |US AhUQ h. A, Ia
(Aux, \a \), AS, B GQ |. A QPzuk
(Czuk) \, zvPP (zuk) \. QPzv
uS Azv sizu CUQx?
A P Eshx. Au zu
vk ukzv Aua \Q. C[P G |
Pkx A Jzvu. v uP. \x
Au? Au A v Au A
AUQ. Gu AUS G A kUS HPP
A AUQ! H CUPq: w
n CUS u Ah v Pzu CUP
i?
|
uzu
|
A
\U
574
u \nP E & 99
PshUQ AuS g] v sh?

B Au g] zzu, A, A uh UuUS
AUzx kQ. A zxzu, ""|h z
|h v Ch CUQu!'' G
AkQ!
Akzui Ia & n, P_, zx ux.
B\
Ci
(AUS
AkzuiP
Iazu)
\u | "\UP mh Cuzu u Pm! |
B\kx IazvSzu! Au AU Pmh Pm.
Gx Pmh uQ G \UPsk Cx C[P P
UP q\ nzuzu Pm. Ax
G Cu x u C \zxU P
sk G ua \x?
A, Ia, AS |US q Gu Cu
IazvSzu | \ uh. Cv J iUP! |
Gx, Cx[Th, Au G Gsn |US CUQx!
| AP PzvSU PmiUP zx v A\k
Q! A {P uS Ai uku,
] squ C. nzvSzu u, ] G! Au
v | AS G Gsn |US CUQx. | P
Ai {UP sk GsqQ. B C[P AUS
] snu v _x kv. | Gi
A[P soUPsk ASkzvU P A soU
PQ! Au zv zvS BQ! Ci
Cu Csi Cu Ia zv zv zUQx!
|US { A, AS CUQu {UQ v, { Ia
CuP J| {v; zvmk kv. Pi
u, "n IaUS; C sh' G
uu! PzvP | IU Pmh |
Chkv. Gzu Cu Cu v
k! g\mh iU Psi! BP Iau
|h first preference.
B B\ u Aa \ A Iazua
\Q. H Gu |UPP mkUPkux A C
|P \ AUS EzUhP CUPmh
A uzvSz u AUS ! Auk |
|u {UQ Ah A US, ""A u u
p & & E
575
IazuU Pkzu Au Bz PP A
kzvU PP? AP P Gu u Pmh,
| APUS u PU PmPa \z u six Azu.
Az ux A Ia uuu nzu uPPa \
so Au Bz AzvUS A~TUQU PP'' G
{zx u A uu v zua \ Akzu
iP zxPUSz u zvS Q.
uzv{zv A "u' G \, zvzxmk (I.4.1)
"AuP (uu) UPk G zu Qx. AuS
sqx B\ Ci H \UQu Au
: A|zu H Cv'' & "AuUS nzuU Pkzu
Azu EshS Gu Cia \x' GQ.' "
Pu' uzzv B\, ""Azu GkQ \
uzv Azuu G u { zxUP & Azu
A|zu {z'' & GQ.
w h n G
nx qh. Auu A Qh, Sshv
Bn[P, Px, u G mkUPsk Ssh
\Uzv u |hzxQ. A Ezx A A~Uzv
IaQ Au g] kQ! Au
A A zx, "|h z |h v
CQmh CUP!'' G AkQ!
AUP Csk UP v \ kuP
|zv CUQx: "" \ p un u''.
CUS AP \iP GQx Ch EPUS Ah
uhPU Qhv Ba\ Cu?
CuS i, "} v, , v G; zv }
x zv ' Gx, v P z uu,
Ia uu G UP iPzu \Uv, vvPzu \Uv
G zxa \. A J Uz Cu {U zvS
Ah[Qu \Uv, Au Azu UzzvS G
Pmi. C[P v APP Gx GuS u
Au zUS IazxUS Au ; C
Eu A QhUQ G uUQ.
A,
A
C
Gu
uuUS
UP
UQ? PUS. C Pa, P, PPi
Gxu? Azu C Ezx "hm' (AvPzv
576
u \nP E & 99
sk {) \ux? A Ch Uu. uP Q
APU Pkzx A "uP' Gi BUQ kQ!
AUP uzu uPa \ uzzv
EPUS v u QhuPa \Q. v
P z uuP. Au APh vPUS A
HkQ AUS u Uu A Ia uPa \.
uu u nP Hku a
\x, u z v Au EP zx uh
vu G {uPa \UQ.
{u A, {u Ia, {u u Qha\a_.
C Hux sk? uP zxmk JzuUS
\. ""G US Jsn Jsq ! E USU
PzxUS AvP xkzx'' G! Au Jsn UQ
G AizxUPsk kQu? A UuUS
Ai BQmh G ? Bv GQ. AUS
wUP QhUQx. ]gUQ GQ. ""] |''.
AP | uPvk Jzu wUPUQ Gv
AUS | BU A~UUPkuP BQkQx. "|
'z u "S \' Gx? Ax A UuUS
QhuP BQx.
C G q, Cu A uQ
|, u |a \Q. A, Ia, AS
uk wUP P UQx, uP J Pmhzv Au
A, "Cu AP Iazu zxUPsk G vzu?
{z PzvS J soU PshuPz u! x
Cu! AuS UP uiU P. x UP G GuS
Psh. CUPP, CzxUPP Czu PPa \x u
A C zxUPPa \. Ah Au
sk' G {UP BUS x A uh
~Uzu sq. A Eu C
P~P JzuUS A, n, AS, BU G
UQ zv Gzu Th Bz ]u ,
CxPh {kuP CUS. US Aizu
UQ. B U iu h A Ezu
C PUS A A vPmi zvPzv
vQ U Px. Ax GQu
""] | u&_&\&vP:
|uU v zz&| >>
577
& "E , E EP, ]gP CxPsk,

_&\[P u P Q, u G P
zu UQ'.
_&\ G: J hUP CP
Cz BmiUQ i U PsiUS P
P Aa \x. Au {zu "_' Gx. Ax
P G P G k Pmi miUQx. AuU
Pu "\' Ch B\ Guu Ai \Q (B\\
GQ, Ai) C \Uzv _a \ i
sqQx. b GQ Pzv AuU Pzu xsizx z
_ a _x kzx h Ax. Ax A
_. _v ] BQ. ""u'' & Eu Bu &
G aP \Q u zu AzuP Au BQ
A~UQ. Au A~zvS i. Ax \au: {zP.
""] '' & ]gP G CxPsk Au Bu P
P]UQ. Axu Azu u u zu Au Uu
SiUQ (""v'') G, ]UQ (""Buv'') G
h. Ai mh Au Bu , Au A~UQ
GQx. "" v'' G B\, "' G uzu
Au
A~zv
vu
A~UQ
Auk
AzuQkQ G PmiUQ.
"BQkQ' G AP Ai BQk G?
Au BUSQ! E P Ci BQ G E
u Ai BUSQx G Azu. Azuzvx zuP
C G C mh A u
C C E CzxUPsk AzuUP i.
A Pv G EUQ, UQ Ai sqQ
GQ.
B Azu B\ C[P uh zv "_',
"\' G Pzv \ zuuzv \P h B
uz[P SmiUQ. \Uv K G
]US \U Psh Ph] A ]US
Ah[Q zP PskuuPP, \Uu uz[P {a
\U Psk u iUSx \ z uz[P Csha
\UQ.
J uQx. \Uv \Uv H Ah
uzzv i ]h u z G zxU Pg\ AhUQa
\q? J Pn \, PzvP z uzuU
578
u \nP E & 100
Pmizu iUPq Gu, G. C G uQx

G: B\ | , | G vz va
\vUQ? Au AUS Ch u
AP iP | zvP Pmhsk G
uUP! C v \: Au AQ,
A h sox? AUS i u v
aUS Bzn so |zuk Ah[QUQ vPU
Pmiu zvvUS! Au Ci ha \v!
P Bzv
[P uzzv zv uzvS xmh.
& G Ax J zzv [Pzx
zvPzu sk? Ai Cu U x \u
o zzv [PuP zv soUQ. " {v' G
zzua \x uvUP. "' G u. ""
{v'' G B\ x aPzv \, \uP izvUQ.
w&&vP&}|&v:
uua&\z&&&U \| >
R&: {v&z&Pn
zw&U&u |{ \ xv >> 100
(\ ) USUS h u! (vP) P
US (w&:) UQ J (}| v:)
wu E\ \x , (u u:) Au US
\vUS (\z) \vPuU P ( :) }zxP (AU
\|) AU E\ \x , (R:) Auhu
(A:) } ( {v) PhUS (zPn) un E\
\x (zw:) Ehu (U:) USP
B (C) Cu (u) Ex (xv:) xv (Ex)
"U PPUS zP Ja \x Pmkv B\
{na\! P iPa \ av A G |u
so? uzPzuUP uz uuPUS
Ai AiUQ UuP u C Au
uu, A BazvUQ Da J \zu Aua\!
P u[Ph uz[PUS \P P
\x, C C Gzu E\zvPa \?' G
{zx | Ph] aPzu zu&
w Bzv
579
GU PP, uz PzuUP h J GP,

| J G B\ uz uzxUPQ! ""Hu
| uz G Jsn so CxUS x,
avx? Au Jsq \ GUS UQ. A
EUQ US A uQ Pa \? Ax
. Auh {zvUP. Ph] C G sn
Pzv J\zv, uzv Gx G[P |hu
Aiuzv Au A PkUP \Uv, Ah
[Pzx |hUPxu. G J\zv Cu Ah
]zzxUS (h uu ]US) &[PxUPPz
uzv A|P ysimk sn a_, Au J\uxP
C GkPz yUQ a_U Pmh. Ai Cx Hu P \
A ysi a_ so uz. u Giu PzxUS
h A u&[Qx CxUS A u, "USUP A
h: Cx UP J \' CxUS A u. AUS Cx
Puu? CuU Pu AP mk n
sozu iUP '' GQ v {zx aPzua
\vUQ. "" :'' aPzv (a&27) AUS
Bz n \u C[P iP uzzu n
soUQ.
Cx AUS UP Uu ux G AUSUTh
AUS A Gsn C. Cu J P Au
\UvUS n sqx A\mkzu G
{zvUQ. B HP A Pzv Cimh
A\mkzu[P zvu uzvu Ci sqQ. Au
precedent (iP) G?
u: ""w : vP } v:'' & "P w H
US } G. u EshUSu "vP'.
"vP' G \x.
[Uv B\ { zvUQ. A so
C. Av J Pzv Gv AuP
so Pzv mk BP\zv zPz uQ
US Pmkx UP.
zvP, Ax CmhP P UzvUQ zvP
Pzv a\ mk Pmk. B ?
580
u \nP E & 100
g&vP P\zuk CUQ Au Cu Czuk P

a\ mkU Pmhq G? Au Cx P]v
Gx zv; Au P\zv CuS P E
P\ [Q Ax iQx! ""U\Uv n v A
P A |h uz UP v
A J uz P\P UQh; P Cu
USUS E UP \Uv ThU T]U SQ [Q mhx!'' G
B\ {UQ. Aix ]hP uPsk [Uv
PUSU P Pmku zx uzukUQ
Au HU Px, Su hzu A
Pnk Cu HUP Gu uz n
\Q!
Gx En a \ Eh û \za
\x B\ UP Ai Su |g_! C[P
Cshx precedent \z zxa \Q.
AUS n squ A zu. Ax
A uP UP si o \zUS
Au so. J G Av wzuzuU Psk
E\[P Esk. u "z' G uzu Ax; A
"AU' G uzv wzu kx; uP "B\}' G
Pzv Pkx. "AU' G "vUPx' G Azu. Au
Au E\zvS \ AvP. Au AUzvS G
so, A UPzv J \vPuUP Cux..
\zPu, Pu G Csk P uP[P
\UQx. Au | Cx Cx C mh
G zxUP. Pu aPU Pu v
BPzx Czx zxUPsk |PU PUS. mh
Pmm so ? Au C wP
sqx Pu. \zPu CuS |. \zPz
uUS BPzx P iUS.
Ai J \zPuU P Au n \z Qn[P E
[QUPsk iu zu. Eh Au zu
Gkzx \zUS ""AU '' G Pkzxmh:
uua&\z : AU \|'' G Cuzu B\
\Q. "\z E' v "\z' BQx. "E' G P.
PhUS }mh
581
\zPuzuzu Aia \Q. Auzu EshUSu

\zUS "uv' G .
US P Pmkuh Ci \zUS \z
zu AU uu A\mkzuPa \.
Cmh P G J G \ ix. | |
iUPmh P izxUPx G AUSzu Au
CskUS u. B \z Pu \z C EshP
ix. Au a CuU PUS u Ai P iQx.
v, P ]sk _h GQ v A
[, Cu uz Hu Pg\ zuPu G u
E. Cu Csh Ezv Au Ah U G n
\z Qnzv Hu ]x \z vU PUQ uh
US Sxu Pu wzuzu P soUQx
GQ. Gx Cmh Cx EshQ CUPu Auz ua
\USUP Cu E\ G? A\mkzuu? B
B\ J \z zu \zUS AU Pkzuu
zuuu u Cisn u UQ. A
\QuS Ezu Axu!
uUS u Pkzu x zhuzu A \Q.
G Ax? B\ Bx \ u\zua _? xUS
& Axu a & . A[P z | \.
Ch[P ] sP[P zvu z | sn.
azv z s wzuu G | Av
| \. "\'' G B mk. "\u
BPq' G BPh! Ai, u\ x u zPP
A[P | squ B\ zu. A Ai
sou. | z A[P z nUS
G sqQu zu. A[Th so.
G Av A[PP |\ zu \? Azu
zzvS Gi | sqzuP? Axu iUP!
A\mkzu \. Au uvu
Au zu x Gkzx, ""B h :'' G Au
uzuP. Cxu |! ""Czu Pi Czu
PP Cx U G soUQP, u H
A GQ U Pzvu Gkzu ] y UPU Psk A
uzUPhu?'' G B\US u Qhzxmhx!
582
u \nP E & 100
Auzu \UQ: ""R: A:

{v z Pn'' & "{v' zzvP u
. ""R: A:'' AuP u zu, ""z
Pn'' & | sqUQ P.
"z' G xPa \Q Azu "un'
Gxu; |. "A'zv ""z un zv:''
G CUQx. Au ""z zu Gkzx AuP un
sqQ v'' G Azu \x UP. |u ""un Gx
UP J Ezuo so x! UvP
bzv J z mk, Azu z[PUS \zx
""z&zx'' G J Ezuou un! Bi,
un Au u zu Gkzx AuS sqx
A\mkzuu G, C k A\hP Azu zzvS
Czusk zu | sox G CUPmk'' Gu
""|'' G \.
"z' G | Azu uzu sqx.
En u\ | F S | sqx "z' u?
"un' G "zv' \xu. zvUPP |
\zuuPzu CUPmk! GzuUPzu Uv v
AzuUPzu A\mkzu snq; zvP G
so "y' G, Au zv "y' G yUQ mkmk
A\hP, mhP CUP CUPzu { Uv G Azu Gu a
\.
P UP xUP \z
\zx UP C. \v Qn AuU PUS
zu Ax Eshx. B AuU P \zUS u?
Ai i ukQx. B zzvS |,
un sqQ A Au z u! izv
PUTh z Avu Gkzxzu AuP |,
un sqx.
C[P B\ uh P x A Pu
zuuPa \uS , u GQ J C G
\nPv u C BUQUPsk, u \u uzx
Es U z Ahu Gkzu Ah z
UQ ]u GQ. aPzu Bx Bx UP AuS
PhUS }mh
583
zP C Ci A|P Azu[P, uz[P, A[P[P zx

PU QhUS.
""A\mkzu, PmiUPzu Gx Ax
Ezu C ""z nu | '' G
(a&35) \i Eh n Gxx J
Esh G? | A\hP Cu EUS Pz uP Esh
A\k C! }u | Bx? E mk "|' G
{UP B? Ax Cu US mk G?
""A\mkzu G UP P P }zu
A[RPUQ v, \z \zPu AUzu A[RPUQ v,
n P Ah zu zP A[RPUQ v,
APUP Ai A[RPUQ A Snzu u
Pkzu } Cu uz G } AU, |&un
GUQ U AVRPUPq'' G B\ n
sqQ.
""zw: U: u |{ \ xv'' & "\ !' G
Azu a_US, US u uU Tmk ""EUP
u UQ EUS Hmh xv Cx. | J
sn. Ehu Cx'' G \nPu Ph zv
soUQ! siu&P G BPUQ Au
u Cu u Pzu G Pg\ E
mi P |P Ah An soUQ.
Ah | |US uP "An' GQ. "Ax
(An) snUThz u ? Ahu AUS G
\uS "An' G zua \x?' Gu
A {! aPzv A "An', "n' G
J zu h. B u A AUS An
soU Psix mk Av |Pz uQx.
bzv zv u "u z' G ux
PQx. Uv zv u "u C' G \nPv
Bz n so AzxU Pskkx. Ci zP
J CUQU Pshh, vacuum & (hzv) P x
kQ , z A[P U Psk {x
bzv Hmh Au u C[P HkQx. u
Uv xv. BP UvUP Bz n Azu
584
u \nP E & 100
zPzuU Pmi izvUQ.

G u B\ Au G
uv G BUQU PQ zPzv |zv[Th
P CvUQ! ""z | '' Gi z
n zv |zv n zv Jzu
Cu Ax | B\u.
| Ah { ] Cu hzuzu
PUPq. Azu h |US H, Hu? Cu AhUP
hzu HUPq. Hu Pg\ z CxmhTh
|USz u Pzx Qx! J z Cmh[Th
Azv zuPUQ! "Ci {uS G
? G Uu?' G x {zu A kQ a\ u
J G Auz u A \nzv \x \S. Av E
Bu Gu P h, hmi C G
u. A PkUP US C G C[P B\ \x
GUS zx. A PkUPmh Gu \Uv
C. US mk; a_Th A PkUP C. |P a_
CUQ G \P mh! Ci E |hv
GQx G P, CUPi? Cx kQ
P, _a _ Cu E zxU
PuSzu? Cu A \ G u mh
A Gzu av?
Ci \UvUS Ah[Q CUP Bzu i
AUS AzuP Ah[Q k. Au AhUP hzu
CuU Ph] aP PUQx P zPUS
z CUQu, AuS Azu A~zvP
sokQx. Cxu B\ \u av: shu
! Pzu G J "|' Cuu PzvS Pmx?
A Ah[Q, Ah... [Q C mh?
Ah[P G? A {xu. APsh \Uv Gi
C |US huu {UP ixu. C[P
xPQ uzv B\ \Uv u zv izxU
PkzvUQ. uh UP P\v u A[P A[PP
\Uv AS so, ASUS AS \uP Ah ]
""Qh u'' G n Shzvx, PzxUS zxUS,
hQ xv
585
oUPmkUS, CkUS, \n[PUS GuP, & Au \nzv Ai

CmiUQ AUS |[S UP A[P so, \o,
o G Csk Ao A[Pzx, iPz u
BnP Aua \nzv zx CzxU PsiUQ! Ai
A Gsnzu UP A[P so xu |
A[P Ah[P x. |h A[P xP CUQ zv, U
\x u A A[PUQ, A |USU
Pkzuu AUP vmh A A[P |\zu
EshUQkQ. USu G, Gu Bm, Gu ,
"A \US' G AUP A[PPa `mkQ AhUP zv
A Dkmh A BzzvUS EPnQk.
Gu u A Ah uQk.
U uP Au |US B\ BUQU
PkzvUQ. AS J u AP zuP,
nP, Ena] [P | BuP iUS i
iUPkzx soUQ.
iUSu Ah A F Au A |US A[P
sqQx. A A A[PUQu |US Uv
A[P! Au Au { AS A[P! u
\ Ah Au Ah AS
P u P B? Bi n so
A | FQ | & n sq
Jzu & uQ kQ! Ci J Azu,
uz&uz uu&n Uu G u Q!
uz Pzu mkmh! A "| Pzu C' G
| Ai hi? Au u ! J UP
Ah Uv G A u ; C
UP | Gh Pn GQ A u
. Csk UPzxUPP J \uSzu A
Cu uz u U Pkzvx. mk J
\UQx UP G, Gu xP sq B\
& zu UPmh J \zvUQ.
u }i }i, ux ux | AxPq.
Ai |US C[P A ozvUQ v J
A uQk G & u A u
Ai BPq C. B Pzv |h
586
u \nP E & 100
( A) Aimh APPzu u, A
Gx AUSU PkzvUQ Av \! Ah
UuP J CUQ A H "zu Ps UP
!' G CUQx? u G Ah zv
HmiUQ u Ci sqQx A zv Jzu
zx A uzv A \n vhQmh
zv A Gzu Pn, P, Pzu, |U Psq,
u, `n u, A b& Sizu
SuP [P P[ Pk C Ai Bu
zx
AvU
Psk,
A
[QU
Psk
CP Gzu Tmh Sv P { Psk
"UPq, UPq, C zxsh CUPq' G A AS
P A~UQx! UP shUPmk, Ax A
\nzv uvu, ""Qh u'' G n Sh
`miU Psk Ah ]P | BPUQx! g] Ah
PnUPmk! B A Ak zx zx Gzu
UQx? ""u u u '' G C zx
hu Ax sqQx? Ps | G?
Ah U Cx ""uuu }z'' u! \ , \
Auz u UPP Gzu \ Qx?
Axu ""zu''US ""''zxUS (U PiUS, P
zvS) G B\ oUQ Ah P
uQx! A \ P[ P CUPmk. Uv
Au v Pszv Q Q Ax ""v
Pn P]z An'' Gu An vP E Qx!
Ah J P\ PzxUS Bû |hx
U[P AUQu, Cuh J "" \n u
'' ( via \g\U S) \u ""| | P''
(Au u ]) Esh? A Aikzx UQ
Ch PP sk AuUPx AuLPn
UQ C? Axu ""Pn \n m\n'' (P G
BP Psh sh) zxQ Ah u z.
Jzu A Su G A | v C A
GQk! A Psn , P , zu ,
P P A\zx sqx Azu G APzv AS
Pzv mk uvP\ ux Psk SuUSU
587
SuP, uUSz uP A Cx Psk, v

umkU PsiUQ [P BU Pk.
| Ai uPq. AuS Cu uz
u Q Q | so, A SuPq.
""\ '' G AU Tmk, ""Cu E US xv!'' &
""U: xv'' G B\ Cu uz UQ Su Au
Ah \zx izvUQ. "]|u ' uzzu J P
snPa \ DaUSU Pn soU Pkzx izu.
u |Pu Bz n u Gu Ai
so. z u A u; | J uu Su &
"A G, Gi sqQ Ai!' G QhUQ Su &
G Cxu Bz n. Auu uU
SuUQ "\ 'h Jhzx zv soUQ. Au
P | G SuQ Ah JmiU Pa
\UQ. \x z. Jmh uP Cu Ezu
xv Pnk |US A~Uzx vx miUQ.
B\ |UPP AUS u , |
AP SuP CxPsk, Gu | Au Pu
uz&|P soUPsk, Cu uzzu |P
soUPsk, u GkzvUQ Au a]uuzv
BzU Pzx Bu Qxu.
AuS BûPzu, _ \PPzu Cu uzzu
AUS soUQ B\ iUQ aPzv ""} v:''
G [P v zvUQ! vUPzvP H UQ w
Au a\ k Ch a]&mk, &mh Eh
GUS {zv Azx AUS GQi,
z PuUS Pu\ sq Cu wu & Aux Cu
uzzv A & u oP ] A GQ
u P {vUP sk.
|: w u >
u >>
*
588
u
Csh P
Jx EP Pzxa _UP
z S.V. uQn \v, [P
PuoUz
_P &42
sk P E. z, , , ,
PP, , sP, ], Bvz, u, AUP. P G.
BP, h, u[P, n, v, ,
P] G Gmk P uP z
ushiuu _a _ uP uzv An T. u
shzvu (,) ` shzv {kuPz
v. US J u. C Gv J CPz
uzxz ux. C h u AQ x
oUzP . P
oUUPPPU Qhzv vUPmk. \v u
, Qhzv {zv J u x vUP Cx
\vP? , u G I uQx. Au
\v P Qhzv Au zvzu vuPP E
u[PUS vx Jzxi kzxuPz uQx.
Qhzu E zx oUPz uh[Q P. Cx Cxu G
|n \ iuiz u[Q |Q. vz u
Qh {: G Cu uP n[S. Q h P s P -
z v v - i P s P h \Q vzv u Qh Jh
k.
u {[P Cu \ uh[SQ. Su
oap P{z Pj sh & \u, | Psh zv
\P J_Q Qhou.
x{x zu
_P &43
n sP u a ìUP. u
P\n uPzx {u UP u P\[P
A[PUQ. Pk C sn Psh P\ { APzx C
USQx. uP HP u A[PUP {uzx
Jx EP Pzxa _UP
589
UPU Pnx Pz ukzxU P\[P A[PUQ.

\P\P {PPvPzP\. (,) \P A\P
\[P} C UP AS Tu.
u{x {:
_P &44
zu | }zuUP P Phx PP Eh
zu iPP ]UPP A. }zuUPzvx
} Pk Pzxh Av . Ax u P AS AS
Pzv u[Qu iPP Qk x Av AS } Pzxh
Qx. CS h Pk P. u mi
mi Kha \Q. C izxa ] h B\. B
Cu \Qmhx. Gv iUP iux Ax P
Ax Ax h Ja ] ix C
Cg` iUP mk Ax i C
Qn[Pa ] izux. Qk zx C P\
Jx[Qu zu Gva ]iUP AoSzx |x
uQx. Qmi mh ]y P\zu
]iUP mhx Ex! |n z sh
shP Cu Pzv P\ C ` {kmh ]y
Au An Qn[P ]mhx x. (U
PiUPnUQ \zu (P) Au zxU Px {
P u ua \uP Ca \kx
U Szu n {u P xk). Au
zu {US A Au P { {UQz vmk.
Pz uh Uv G P Qmix. Ax UP
h Uv hx u AUS zvu zuz
umk. yvPg]u. (,)
A: z
_P &45
Pzua `x _sh P\[P Pzu PskP E.
P u x. u {n Ax x. mk
Eux xk. nu skP ` Pz u
Gx {n _Qx. Pzu _sh P\[PQ skP
590
Gx `x. Pzu Sz u P\ \v
x? u \zU Pshx Sx u uxk. Pz u
\vk {[Q |Qx. _ sh UP, P u
UPz u sk Qmh. u _mhzu ]
u u Pshx Ax PsPQ skP x QU Q[Q
u P AP SQ. Pz u PxP
P ] u Pzv ukQ. {n Sx
Gx Pzv SiPskx. zu AhUQ zv Bu ]
u PzuP DUPmk Q[Q |Q. P\[P _,
], Au mh P, |zu {n Ga ]x zuU
_v u P Pskmhx. uu z
P\{. (.).
h s
_P &46
Qhzv \v v vUPmkx. Ah\z&
uPzu \u & (,) vPa \v EhUP \v {k
Py mh {kSvUS Ahmk R zu Pimka
\v {kSv x CshUQ J {P
Qhzv \v PP Azx. CshP UP
\v Csk xskP C PiP {UQ Ah\v
UPmku CxskP zv o \vU
Pni. J Qhzv v v
{ CPh Cnzx Aua _st ] Jmimh
o \vS. Qhzv Ah\v CP
{UP { CP R {UQx. Csh zu
\vhx Q Auzu a_UPUQ ] Jmi a
\zUP. P \v P[P P{\P. (.) P{ Py.
U{
_P &47
u [P U un ]P (.) G u
[Ph Pzv unP zu o. B\
Cu u GQ. Ezx U Psk
kuz ukv Dkk Pshv \ a ]vu
u {Qx. Ax {nmk u u
? {kSv Chx Pi vUP
Jx EP Pzxa _UP
591
& {o {kSv x Pi vUP. P sk

PP {o {kSv. Ax x Pi . {k
Pi ux C. Au Ax u .
]U P E P u oa \Qx.
A u
_P &48
uUS z{{ z\{ (,) G Csk P. Pmi
Azxa \ u Enx Psk h Cu UPso A
Q. Pzv APU PsPu EnzxQ. u Czua
\uu (A|) Ps Pmh. B EQ
uu PsP A\ PmiU PsPmh Ezv
EshUS. Ax u[P C PsP
\vP. (\] P) mi Ezu UPa
` \v mh. Uz \{\{.
(,) PPv zv PsP P }xQ. K.
PsPmh si A]u A. x Psn UQ
Q a] uQ P
kzxQ. Chx Psna \vUQ CP x Au EP
UQ. C x Ps ux. P Chx Ps ux G
|. \v |z vP. C[S u
u G[P J u\zv P]UQ. \v Ai.
u -x {UPs AUQ ]u u u[Pz u
Jh \v Ju P, vP PUQ.
] C UPsn. Ch k C.
\ Pp
_P &49
u \x. (\ & uh & \ SURhx)
Ezv a] hQx. { , Ku .
{a _ Chzv { u mk Ps {US. Pzx
CQ Au S. Sv
hx. Au { uhx. (\) u
US G ChU SURk C. Au \, Ezv
GsnU S _[S. Gvx Thz uhx. u
, G \. uUS \ (,) G sk.
G u E Auz uUS PsP Pshu \.
\ G {Psk. \ ] u Cx
\.
592
[P ]u uQ Pp, [Pzu (P)

Gx uu (Ap) Pp. A Pk |UPu u
UP Pp. Pp G PuP u {P Pp. Auz
u [Pz u Pp G u Qx.
EP x ù (S:) iu {Pu
Bsh {P Az. Au G[S Gx Psh
u uQx. Pst ] u Ax.
PnUP ChQ Pn Gx uP u
u{P u{Pz u u.
EzvS PsPUS C {P Qn ]UQ x.
u C Ash x u x G . (x
AUP zv Azu {P xu)
Pw G uzv E u{P. Av E {kQ Azx
C[P QmkQ. u {kuzu Au.
Aw & E G UUP u{P. {PP
PmiU Pu Ax Aw. Au u uh
\zxh PUQx. CP {P[P Esk. A
Q u A{P[P P AP
[PkQx.
P{ u
_P &50
u Gv Ax A PQ. h PvP
ux xvP u PxPUS CuP E. A
Sx Au AUPh PmuU Psh PsP (Chx x) PxP
}sk SQ A Bu Q. PsP - C A
UPuP uzx C AuU Psh {UPs u Au
Czv [S Cuu A ]xx. Cu
mkzuu CPsP Pzu skP PxP
Czuz u _UQ. Su PxP, PxP }sk C
xPU Pm]z uQ PsP, AU {UPs G
u Pg\ ]x AU iP Ex. G J A
Pm]Pzuku B\ PmkQP.
] a[Pz
_P &51
uh Uv E |x {[Sx u G A
HkQx. ux HUPzu G Enu Auz u uU
Jx EP Pzxa _UP
593
Pnh {[SQ. Pnh Pn uxQx Ax

. I! ! Su P ukQx G CUP
P\ Psh Pn uQx. E P u
Pa ]zv[P Qx. ] Au Q GU Pmhx
h u (a. 29) ] { Pshx n[Q Gu
u zv Pzv SS u A A ux UQ
G Pshx a[Pzv A uU PsQ.
u A[P SUQmkz u! G u Azux
Ax P ]k CnS ChP, Ah
hQ. ]x ] |x zuUS P[P uQ. u
u. B A Gx ]x u SiUQ. uUS
HkQ Hk xUPzu Au G En
P HkQx.
Pnzv u Pnx [P | x, C
Gi C \h iQu , vPP, uh
EkzxP, o shP E P_P u
hh[S APP PnuP u\PU Pm] uv
G PhUQx. ] E Psa] Ah
ATmkQ. P EP P o sh
P u G G A[P[P P AoPP Ah[Q Jk[Q
| h {k[S Gu Ah x
Kx[S. ] P u uh Czu [P U
PsuU Psh Ax uP uUS u U Q_UQ_ G
_uU Psh uU Szx G _QP Gu SS
P G PsP xiUP A\mka ]h
uP UQ. () Czu GsnU S uPUS
Uzu AQ {Qa] Ex. u! E Gx
Pn P uQu G B\ UQ.
Pu Ptn
_P &52
] vzvPP, Eu Gu UPozx u \Uv
J mk AuU Pa ] - kzv v[P
Azu. Au EUQ uou | ]zuzv Pk CPa \uS
u u Px Czu {ox A GQ. Au A u
PsP, PsPQ A Sv Px CUPkQx. (Px
PsP }Q) u P A Pmi ]SPP A
Pzu AvPkzxQ. UP n[P Ix UPu x
u Phzu Au n[P v|vUQ u GQ. Au
594
nzvS C T () AUPmkx. T
mhx ]x Cu {Qx k. (]zuzn) Ph C
PsPx kkQ Cn[P. u z u[SQ \
u Psh Qhu u Ph n
|PQx.
Uu zs
_P &53
u] D\ (D_) - zvP G IoPa \.
D\ - zvP kzv hzxU Pzx Azux
-zvP EP a \. Ax AUSPz u
C[S APQ. D\ uu. Ax - PsP
hmku ]P s P {S x a\z
uQ. AuU Pshx B\ E P - Qx.
- zvP zv D\h Jk[SQ. i h
uh[Qx uhx Q h u oPz
uh[SQ. A oUP Snzu q z
Snzu z uSnzu HQ. A PsP PsQ
- n[P - zvPP oPP ikUPz uzuP
Ax.
z Px {:
_P &54
u u Ezua ]x \zv mkmh. PsP ]P
P Psh SvPU Psk J v P
hzu. v P[P - |[P Psh }mh
Psh. A v h xmh. Au u
J x P \n {v () P[P G - {vP
Cnzx APkzv. \n ]P, P[P , P.
\n G ]P |. Cu {v T[PP g\u
PnvP k. (S {UQ KkQ {vu \n: G [Pa
\.)
}USQ
{vUPPU
PsP
]P&&P SvPUQ PP Cnzx.
{vPUS \UvPuu u J uUQz ux.
{z ykzxuP Cu {vP Cn.
Jx EP Pzxa _UP
595
|
_P &55
E |z { { {: () u PsP - i
vu EQ u G {P T. {U
Thu |zu PsP -ku |zv mh. S { E {UQ
PsP -h. Au B\PUS Cu Gsn ux .
PsP \U Pu P CPmhu
Cz u H G.
un Pn
_P &56
PP PsPUS E P S \.
PsP AS Ph S Cu UPU PsP
kQ. uSu \ PmPU PxP {[Q Huu P
\Q. CuU Pzu P } mhzvS Ps
Pmh } x mh. S u mkU Puz
vhh zu - k x - i U Psk mhu Gx S
uhPU Psh u C z vx
E ~x iP Jui kQ. C
S . iP -iUP.
z\ zR
_P &57
u u Enu UuP xv k
u u AqP C. A Cu u AQ
| Pn sk uh AuSz u uSv Enx
PsPUPmhu yzv |. u US Emhu Ch C.
uUS Pt uUSh Gzu yu ua
\h x }sk Psh S. AuP
G. P P } zR Au G
Syzv. (u w{) S yzv |Q u Ps
S USi skQ. A|. SPz u
UPi PstmhP UP. Cx A] G A].
{ Pkzx zu uQ k. uUS A Psu G
G Gv u UQ ? {hx. A
GsqQ EQ E G \v E. Pmi EP
596
i | J uPz u Qx. u \vU Pso

zv { Qhzv Chx UPzv G Ch[P
Psk. Au \vUP Cu Ex GU Pi
PmkQ.
A u P
_P &58
Gx PsoS PxUS Ch E Pk. Pv
Svx R u[SQ Puo Gxsk. CSv Au
Bn x. Ph a_ A ukUQ v
Axx. ]U SUQ u {n Az ukUQ.
PhU Pso Px E uh, Ph { Cu |UQx.
z PshP
_P &59
PSv Psti AUQ h Ex. Pv
uh[P R Cmh SvP ASx. Auz uh[P
PQ Psti vUQx. uh[Pzv Cmh SvP
CP[P vUP, PQ u {S \UQ[P
uQ. u UPz v ] ` \v
\UPU Psh Q u HQ. uU Pshx US
BzuQ. u Pzv vUQ {S uh[Pa \UQ[P
Psh PQ u P Ax Q. ]x uUS
\vQ C \UQ[P. u hUP u.
C[S u P u. PQ u u uz u[SQ.
uUS AvP.
z: Uw:
_P &60
zP Pzv EP Ea ]uUQ ] \. Gx
Gv \x Azx oP \UvPz xnUQ u \p.
v u mkuU Px Szxz u PmQ. v
UPQ Auzu SQ ] Qsn u Px SQx.
A a] Esx Au Bvzxz umkQ. Pv
u[SQ Ssh Bi Au oP s s G JUS x
v a\U Ssh[P PmkU PumkQ .
Jx EP Pzxa _UP
597
A {\:
_P &61
u Szv |Q PiP
kzx. Ax - U S - [ Q Szx }sk APP Ex.
Au ~ zuo u[SQx. GUS Au zux C
uQx. \v {i E -a_ \ x P \
AvP BS. Au CQ zxUPQ E | Ch
x zxoPz uQu. (]]u G hsk & P
]mh - a _UP CQ zuQx G .) Au - U S u
AsiP PQuU PU PmkQ PP & Eh
uzuUPuP AP Pnx Amk.
Uz Uu:
_P &62
u Euk ]x APP Ex. Aua ]S Cn U
Pt. Eu G U Pi ] DhPx. ( & J
a] GU Tk) Ax sh |. Pi Pnku
zu & U Pi G. Ax u PiQU Pzx zu
P Esh Ax DhP. Pi ]P h zv ]P Tk.
Eun P. C[P P Eumi
Gv | Eumi ]P u x vPx hmk G
GvUQx. C ]PS v a ]P DhS ?
uz{
_P &63
u ] \vx J Pshx. \vx Qn Au
u Cx Au Qx. \Pm]P \v
Qnzvx SQ Auzu Qn[P S G.
En A HPx. UPP Au AuzuU Sizu A J {
uU Psh. u ] \vPz u Au Auzu
Q. Au AvP C US P izx mhx. Au
P P {UQ ] En zx mhx. Au
C E , {US Jzxu x, {UQ En
UP AuS zu Pi umhx. Ax |u zu
PiP AuS mhx. P C |u zuu u
]Q \v | P P P CuUQx G BQu ?
598
Aau z:
_P &64
u {UQ ~ v AvUQ. u Gx u
v ] z vz v ]U
PsiUQ. uhu a\ {US ]UQx. Au J v
hx | Aa ]uP BUSQx. ]P
x UP iPU P ]uuPU Pnk. i
v u sozu sk ? u v
a\ |zu v. v u sozu sk
v.
n z
_P &65
SP Cv APh mkz v uh
iz uUP A AqS x A u u uUP
P\zuU P, Eh sh P\zuz uzu i E ~Q.
u u uzx EQ uU P Au Pg]
Hvhx Q. a\U P nzxh E x
uzu {UP _zx AP [SQ. CP ]h
\ i z uUP. ] |v ]x
Amu u \siP\US Azu P GUS AUP
. Ax A[S UP. SPUP qP HuQux.
ga Pw
_P &66
u UP, Ax Gv Au w R,
v g^ G P G n mia ]
kQ. u Auz umiU Psk Pzxh PmQ. EUP
Pu SvU Pmhx u v S \
mh Pz uh[Q. Eh v ux n u C Cx
mhu, u S AQ mhu G uzxh mh |zv
n Au J }mi Ah[Si Emk kQ. u
S C n mh J u [Qmhx. v
E mk Au AhUQmh. | x
|uu Pa\ (.)
Jx EP Pzxa _UP
599
PUn h
_P &67
u Pz umk UP C i. u
AUS E Gu A uU Pg] h
zzxh P ~ umk Pzu zx Q.
]. C C Pn[PUPP P ~
yUS. J B\h zuh. Csk P Psti u
Av u Pzv vzuU PsQ . A[PUSU
PP PmkQ E PUPmhUS H E
C. ]US US mk HPPP E u
PU PmhUS Dh E C G EvPU T.
A{ Pu za ]P u: (.).
a |z
_P &68
u z u[SQ uz usk a\ |x. usk
v T U S skP |vUS.
Jizu E P ux u. u P u
x. Au R usk Pzxx. ]x An
g\ Hmk usk Pzua _ ]
uQx. CP so Psh Pzv x PQ a_ ]
hux _h uQx. uz usi AP x
ix u Pz uUQx. P u Au
SvP Pzv kQ.
P P v
_P &69
u Pzv - SUSU PkP E. vnzv x
] Pmi [P zvzv - _P A PnkQ.
Pv PP Ru G [Ruzv UQ |P A uUQ. P G
\uzv E kQ Ch ush. Aua _ U P
Cuz v[Pa \k Ex. C v[Pa \k
u[SuP Axx. Pzua _ - \kP iP B\P
Pzv CvUP. , q, ] G Au - \kP
n[S. z vzx - uh izxz vzx i - P izxz
vzx i vzuuP Au zv A. Cx u\zvSz u\
600
kQx. ush [Ruzv S UQ u. H

[P Psiu UPnUP P[P EUQ
USQ _[P ush. Ax ui u Ax J
GU Pmh SzxU Pskx. Au Pmkku AuS
AS, Ph Th. Ax vu uzv GU Pk k
uUP. uU P - _UP Ah Pzv E
- UPkP. P\zu[P z \uPzu (.)
tz{
_P &70
\u uUPP ] J uU Q Gu.
hP sk u uUPU Tk x uh
\ u {S uP Ax viP n[Q Gu x u
{S uP x u u {S PP zu siz xvUQ. u
P\ mh ] Auh Pmk, usiUPmh. J
P AUP x, {S uP J \zv A
{S PP G Gvzx {S uP xvUQ. J
P {S uP A u uz usk UP PP
xsk S G uh S P\ uQx.
{P{zu:
_P &71
] {P[P ]nzu ]u. E {P[P u ]u
JUPvP AQ u ]P CP G
{PUQ. {Pa]P x Enu | Auz u[SQ
PP Pv Jx. u x Av u.
u u ]UPa \Q. Azxh
mh \n[P ]UQ. \n[PUSU PUQ \
\mku ]P Ea\ |. Ax A Ax u x
hu u \|zv Ea\zuh. Auz u JU P
Hu J A\zv u PP ]PS J .
u Pu
_P &72
u uzu Pu BPzu J {zv
SQ. ]U Suu Pu vU PQ . ]
Jx EP Pzxa _UP
601
Su | ]u U SiUQ. -zuUP {k{k

u uz uhU P UP. u Pzu u zuP
kP h US x Pn\US J uP
HkQx. u zuPk SiUSx u JmiU
Pshu G \uPzxh u uz uhP u P u
u JmiU Pskmhu G. i \uP. ] Cu
U Psh Pn\ u ]zxa ]UQ.
u P zuP x. PUQh mi
G P E CUPm]U PsQx. ]u Cu
_PzuU Psk u uzuU Pn.
A- u
_P &73
u x Q u[P G Au zu
EhUQUQ oUPzu Sk()P. Av IzvS
Ch. Cu Au \ xmk. b Th. u
Eh uu Pnv. u (u) Eh z u G u
(-) Cmh Pmh Eh | Cx. EhUS Cuuz u
]vx. Csk Ja \kzuz u u B uQx.
C u P Ug\ x ]uUQ B x
Cu u. \ UQ. J
Av\ AP sq A }zuP G so
sqz uUPa \uuQx. Cx u u ! (Pn\US
zv zv u & PUS ,
u Gx Au | | u. \,
, HPuu, Qn Gsn sPh G - x
u Gx PzuS).
z
_P &74
P Pnv A zuPzu ukzu zx oPU
Psk \x uh Azu. ( zuP, -[Q, u,
], P, P, G zx uh[P Esk.) Pzv
u[SQ zuzv x ]u EukP Jmk {k {k \|
uQx. ] P zux. Ax ]ux. Csk
oQ Au C Auu ?
602
u u
_P &75
P x Ph SQx. u
h uQ J vh u\zxa ]_ i Azv Aua
\vUQ. J [PQ Au x vu
PPh {v UQ.
B\US u G P Ai J ]_ B\
| Ti uUP. u A TUP. P
G ua] P vhP Cux Esk. u vh ]_ G
h Sh \UP. uh u
bP . vb u, - P ,
PP G \ B\US uP {
| T.
\[P [P B\ | {hu & B\
uu ]S u ChzvS AP oU[P G
Qzvu u S u Pzz v Psk \
|u \x k. B\ Ah \. uUS
|u \u ]S PUSz u Au A Sx UP. J
\ ]SS QzvS \ {ux. Bh
u hU Ta \. A A \x PUS |u
\u z uu. miS UPS {mP Ch {ux
u \ kuPU Tu H. PUSa \
mkz u uu z u zx AuU SiUSi
si. A[S Gu uvuU Psk, hz
uSvu u uu z u SiUP UQ G Ax Gso
Aux u h u U Sizu. zv PuU Psh
uUSU SiUP H uP UP G UQ UQ Au.
u PnvUS SPUS mk u z ux Q. C
GU Psk u Fmi. Au h PP B\
[Q. vb u CzuPu. B A
B\US uu Cu _P AU ShzuPx.
C Pa \.
Uu
_P &76
u ] Px mhQ {U Ps w _mhUP
Eh un |hux Ga\ u Hu J Szv -P
Jx EP Pzxa _UP
603
|zu. ] Pz w Ga\z uoUP Gu } |zu Cuu

uh AqQx Pu Bu u J Pv G Av
-Q. Au ] Pvh[Qx A Av JmiU Psk
mh. wnux Au P ux Pi
P \x. EP Au x E\ GU
PxQx. P F Ai. u {k AQ
uQx. uu ]z u[Pu u ia
\nhx x[Sx u x[Qz uPu Enu.
uz Pw
_P &77
u PsPUS hux.
BP\zvS E | Qhu EQ PsPUS }P
UP ChPU Pm] uQu ? Au BP\ u .
BP\ Guhx Pux Th. Ch uu |. }UP
|ux Ax. }US |. B Au } Ahzv
}|x G Ta \ux. y | Cu zu Esz
uPU Pm] u. u P QP zux {ku
Ch U Sx Ch G |US ux. Au
Ch Siu BP\ x[Q ux. R[Q
}mhQx. Czxa ]zu {k G
Pzvx BP Pa ] }mhQ
u \ Qx.
v P[Pu:
_P &78
u uuPU Pm] uQx. uh ]_S {u uh
Ah Ax. q { Pzvx u u Av
EP ux. CuPP qSz u.
u u u u[Q u w, v u u[P
uUP sk. ]k Cnvu & ]hx hu
\UvUSz u Hx ? G s i - Pz uU
Pmhz u Gkzu Snz uu Bu u Ex. P[P
zv {k uQ _ B P[Pa _
|uP C |zu _PU Pm] uQx. uQ C u
USP Pi zv Pm] uQx.
u J { G. PUQ G. AuP SshP
CUPU Tk. v ux miP CuU PsiUPU Tk. Bu
604
hPU Pm] uQx. ]x C[S BvQx.

]x PsP u zu | zv uP CUP.
PsPUS mk CUPm] mhuP ] C x
Psk u PsP C u Ahu & zv G
QQ. Cx {US {u & u, { u
S\z. uuu zz .
|P n
_P &79
u sozvP vP. sP Ch CPa ]zvUS.
{vPUS ]zxx. Au Sv zu Pzu
P. Au _ u[P Eh Sv xx. P
u[P Ch Jix hUTk. C PP B shk x
B P [P P Ehx ux F i \x
Ch Ji | Hmkx. u Pu Cx
A .
S\ z zz
_P &80
Ck JiQ |uU Psh u xPUP Hk \Q.
n{u | AiUPi { P AS Qx.
Akzxz uzu UP {x u AzxQ
u u[P Qx hU Tk. Ck Jix k. CuU Psh
u Eh U PiP - _ Ch CzxU PmkQ.
Ck |x _z u[SQx. AuU Pia _ u Ch uQ
- \u iP. uu zz mh u z (.)
h Cu Auu u h G PUQ.
Sz u
_P &81
v vnzv x ûP PUSz ux
| u C uUS mk CP Au Pzu,
u ux mi AP vh ûPU
PkzvUQ. CxP u u zu, Pzu GU
Psiu C AP Pzv u u hU
Sxu EnQ.
Jx EP Pzxa _UP
605
Pzt _sh
_P &82
u Au. Ax uh xvUP u[P
{kSv x. Ax [P _ n[Q
n[Q E x. uh AP P\ mk A. U
Pmh E Pi[S Pshx.
xvUP u __x. z uzv J ]zx
uizxu E x ] UP z
ui x x uh x. u
xvUP x. P\ buU zu zu (.)
uh P\ A. oU SP ~z u
(.) h Psti x. E Pix.
x z
_P 83
u ] z u Ix n[P uuU Pv A
GsoUP C h[PUQ Au u C PqUPP G C
AzyoP zu. Ix n[PU Psk ]
C. AP ~P zv Cu TUP C
AP, u zx P ~P zv. A ~P
n[Q |Q uP z Qhzv E]U TUQ. A {P[P,
u AP, ] Pzu UQz u viP zu
u vmhmh \ Cx.
aw{ -zu{
_P &84
u, ], q G - u viPz u
n[SQ. u u uQ E|zv u[PPU
PshkQx. q u n[S x Ax `ho J u
u[P \g_U S _u HkQ \z uQx. ]
n[S x Ax \h P[P viP A }UQ.
u P u EU P G vzv u u A a\
]P EUUSQ. (u u u) A
P bPa \ G Ev kzv u
EQSz u yUQU PmkQx.
606
{P
_P &85
sP {hkQ umhzv A\P , u zxU PUPu
| Psk v, sP P Eu UP G
{v\vzv Pski u P Eu umhzv
\ |P, ] Au Eu u u \
|Q A\P zuU Psk AkQ. PsPUQ uzxh
\g_U S ]a ]u u C viP {PUQ G
uzx Ax Pzu Dzx n[S.
Uz
_P &86
] viP n[Q. Ax {u iUP, ]USU
Pn u u viP uP Pn Qmh.
Pu AqS x Ax U Th |zu uuP
s U T, h uh G Pv
Ah Pmk PP C. Es Pu u
uU T U PU PP . ] Cua \
U Psh. uuPU Tx P[P ! G
Tmkmkz u EnuP mk E ! G
n[Q. AQ Czunzu Gv zx | u S{mPPz
u Psiu zu }[P . u Gzu ] u
SUPQ P \kx G | Ahxmhu Gso
Qx ]USU PUP Pmi Quuz u \nzvx
\[P JP Ah Pmi. u \n[P UQ PnU
Psk h u Jx[P, PP Pmiu \u[PP PP
Jzu. Cx u {u. u \n
uUSa ] Q B Qmix. {US P \x \u
u \n Qmh Cx Eu.
} u
_P &87
u viPUS uUS Ch mi. u
viP Six zuhzv EU Sz u[Pz
uu. u PQk. u \n[P C
Av C Sv vzv P ux Pnk.
Jx EP Pzxa _UP
607
u C y[S. (-iU P). \i kPUS

Puh AvPP [SQ \n[P. u
u mk. Au [P Cx. u
viP u v x ?
u u Rw{
_P & 88
T mh quu (.) G UuP
ozx. u [PP B xS . {
Au A TQ. A uPPUS Ch. zx
GuS ChUPu Th. PP a ]x Enu ]
vnzvx u C PP u vi
P\zxh {Pzv A vUPa \u. Ax Gi AvUP x ?
Pk Pk Ax.
{P {Pzn
_P & 89
uPzxU PP [P u[P uz u GU
PmhiUQ. A uQ CUS mk xP
~ PkUQ. x GkUS A u. u \n[P
uPzx sP A PPU Szx n[SQ. APx
EQ E PP [P u Cuu uh AsP
\nhx n[Q skQ. H GPh u \
h Gx AP {iuz uQ \n {P[P PP
[P UQ. u \Uv |UP {P[P ux
usP Su PP vua \PU Pmi P\
\Q. PP [P [Su UPozxz viPz u
sP {kx , { A _Pzuz u UPozxz
u \n[P {k.
uu{ w{:
_P & 90
u viP u PP zx [Pzx
Pv AS Psh. H G u Asiz uUS
sk x A AP i u.
UPx ux (uUS |) kx u AP
608
Czx Psix. x nzxh ux kx

skPz u DUP, Gzu skP _ x Auz
uS. siS BPP {S z uP. { G
Cu US Ix bv[P Q B PP Esk. CuSz
u shQz u mk S C. u Au shS Cz
umk.
{ Ezu uz. G A[P G SQ mhzv
GvP | |Pq. u A Gv |
x Ax [Pzv G A[P zx . Ax
un CUPx. PP Q u vi AsiUSz
u [SQ C Pshx. Cu US B \n[P
[Qu u AP EnuPPz u. Cu
shUQ C Au | . shz
u DuSz u AS n Au
u E viP E. shx mku CUSz u.
u |x PPzv C.
u Uh
_P & 91
u PP APP {hUQ. Az uhx ozv
UP Q [P uhx {hUQ. u
a `x |x uhx x oP
C. C[S BUP o A Dkmk. u
{h u PU Psk Ai {hUPsk G . EQ
A{h vPU PQx. C[P uh A
{h ] Qx. A SQ vUQ. Gzu P ]
. {huQx. (P HkQx). Au A
mhPv. APx u \n[P |zxx.
{UQ. u AQ \n[P CuUQ
\u[PP Pmhmk. u {hUSx. J A\ A
JUQ. A[P Au Pzx AuP u {h UQ
Q. Au AS APx Pz vUS Amhuu
{ x PshUQ. \h uhx
\n[PQ Shx ]Q. AuSU Pn u \
\u & AQ {h. \nzvS K. \u[P JUS Au
Q Am]PUS K. u Gx CP AQ
E.
Jx EP Pzxa _UP
609
Puu g\z
_P & 92
AuU Ph {k PPzv {k Phz umhzv
]uo zv u] g\zv ] i u i
Pm] uQ, (a 8) AQ Pmi, Au {S PPP |
u[SP. , q, z, D_ G h u
AvP {. Iux AvP u] Pmi
P . i iQ B C
u BP & PmiP & ikzxP. g\ zvu
& g\ug\v \ (.) Au x ]uz ]
|UP y so Psh Bh. Ax BhPz u
U SP zvUQx. u \ iP
] x hx A \|UQx. ][P
zv | ]P G. Au ][P Ekzux
Ax. Cu o G P sk sk Pna \Q
Bzuz uhx _x PshUQx. PnUPn u.
u] a\uhP P E G T. ] \Uv
Annzu ]\UvUoP E. ] u]U
Pmi q z D_UPP C ux u
G u uQx.
A P\
_P & 93
U & {, & Pi, C & G mh
| J PsQ. P\[P _ _P E. AS
{ ux. ] Ph u { Ex.
CuS g\PU ux. Ezv ] P .
Auz u[S P A Pi. Ch xu
Auz u[SQ Ck zux. ]x Pn EPU PUS oUPP
\| uPU PnkQx. An| ikzx xx. Ax
]x Pn. Pn AnP ikzxx.
P[P: Py
_P & 94
u J Qsn u ohUP |uP
UPmkx. E{USx Ax \v sh. Au
610
Py UPmkx. US Ax \vh P[PPz

uQx. shQ Qsnzv } |x. Ax \v
PU Pm] ux Sa] uQx. a\ Pzu } Pux
\vP uQx. Au Qsnzv E } y USU Szx
} a\Pz uQx. Qsn PuU QsnQ kQx. u
Au } Qx EhUSh Qsnzu | kQ. Au
Gx nPz uQx. u Gv \v sh nUP
|u QsnPz uQx.
ua _ 15 |z uP E. AP Ax Sva
\v shP . \v J PP Q _Uzv
Pa u ]z P x Qn zv ]z u
Pa P ux Gx |zP CuPz
v. v k x J |zP Aozx
` shzu |z \ |. z UP
|zPU Psk u u vvPU Skx Esk. |zU
Psk vvU Sku vv |zvP G .
uu:
_P & 95
[P Bsh AP, APx {PUP, AP ]zu -
{P[P G Azu uP vu x u J
\u ] _mhzu v. u Ax
As E o. Aa \ Pnz uSv hUP UP
Uv. A \g\ hzuUS Gmhu. 9 Bn[P Ch
u E. Bn[PUS - xPa _P. A Ch
E v \ Aov zv uP PUQP. Cv u
uP Th Au zv uP n[Q mk E \Q Av
QP. Au Av ]zv. E \ UPz uSv
AovP u h sk. hUP Uv PshP
Au QP E i Psk \.
Pz uz
_P & 96
u PP u w. u uu u Pn Avzuu u[P
i PU wu. { v Ah E k.
vuPUS Pa ]u. v A
A P a\ Uv, \v & w,
Jx EP Pzxa _UP
611
v A mi {hkQ. G Txsk.
u A G Tv. { zP uoa \i
Anzu Aua \i Q zxU PUS G v
AbP T. uoh Th u Cu Eh Jmkuz uu.
u J v G EUS Eh x ukuS E
.
Q u
_P & 97
A\ mh u. \Uvh EPz uzv
AvPPPz u & v, q & , E & ] G
- uv. u v E G - i[P
. C- US A E - | x. , P, yUP
G |Pz u C- v ]xu |
Esk. Ax x Gk. Av Pn x. Au
AUSmkQ GU Phux. \Uv Q
EPzv - P CUSP E. A EPz
u x a \x u G _a\.
_US Emkzx. (). C P, w,
G u G u z T. C .
(A A u | | G
PUPuU P G Au |z Pua \Q
A. Cx Ps zxz u Pm]U Pn UQ
H. , APmhu AUSmkP,
Sn H kzx G n zxh
Snzxh u Szu \ U Psk uvP C[SQ
n UP PshPz u x
PmkQ \Uv. A EPa _Q. J Pmhmh
Pzxh C[Sx _Pz u CUS. G -zv
nUP EP {k mhP i P
CUPzvS Ch Pkzxa _Qx.
Pu P u:
_P & 98
sP u[P EukPUS \n[PUS [Pa ]P
AS Pa \ ]UP. PPUQk a_ \g_U S,
PUSU S G. u \n[Pmh \|U S z
612
G E\zvPP PP AQ } Pxk. u P }
Sx UP. B\ u P u nUQ Au } P
Q. Au u } F PUS. v u
mka _zu uzv \ F xU
PUSQ G. Au uUSU Qmk G H[SQ. B\
F u u x Pzuzu zxz ux Suzu
\a\uzu
\
Au
Pz
u
u}
(zvx SQ Au }) _x Au Q F P
G. Au uUS Gx G skQ. Pu u
v & P i u C u zuz xu
AP PP G. (uzv S) \nP UP.
z
_P & 99
u k v & uP A
\zx . (CxP AzuP \zx u
q Ch A`k.) v CU Pshx C
uP CUPU Thu ? G H[S. P{h
AiP |Q _\ }[Q }sh Bz uzx
Enh Phzv u | zx A. Cu uzv
u h. Au Cu Gx EU Tx h.
C k u . Cx av.
w :
_P & 100
B\ ux g\ G v \v Ra xv.
{a xv, ]xv, xv G {S uzv[P Ax v
uzv uhP Gv. A C \[P\ uzv
uSP Ch . P P AP. a xv
Cu u PzxUP Ai Ch Q. Av 2x
_P.
_O"s<O"\"p{Y"V"p, T"QpOX"v\" \"pY"z T"Qz O\"b"ZpOX" b"Z_O\"z X"ù<]" $

R"}\s "z O\"pz O\"X"u\" b"Zv: O\"SX"Y"v:_O"pu^Y"<_" O\"SX"Y"r \"pT"}\"w<f"Y"{O": _Y"pO"o $
xv: Uzzu uz U
u zz Az ] >
zz z z: z:
u z Uzv u: z >>
Jx EP Pzxa _UP
613
xv Gx U[P Aux. u[P UQQ. u

A[P. A }. Au } } A[P xvUP UQ.
UP kzxQ B (A) } u. Cu Pzu Ph]
_Pzv uh An G {UQ snUQ. UQ u !
E E UPU Psh E mk E \Uv
xv Cx. Cu EUS An \x ] P UPU Psk
US wu \x S. UP v
(`h) Gsn Es w. UP BuPU Psk
v Gsn Gzx Au - EP USQ AU }.
z w. G Buzv x x[SQ }
u ! J siz uh skQ. Au US }
a\ kQ ? Cmh B P Qzv D\
v w JUP UPU Tk. Au Gv kzxu?
\v Auzuz u Qn[P - Q. AUS AUQ G \v
Pu x |mkU P]Q } AUU ku ? Ph }ha \
}i z u G Ph }U Psh vv uuP
(un) } Cu ? Ex E UP A
Enx Eh \uP G ] Cx. A] E
ysku } Th Cx CUSu |Qx. uunx.
}u: z
_P & 101
u Gv | umk u P k
G x uU PvP ui u AhUQ |U Psni
B. Ax Cu uQ \v u x SQ |
Gv Gx x u Gv |Qx. u u
P Cuz uQ Psti v UQx.
zuy
_P & 102
Ex UuP Ezv AUPQ. Ex
Q. E AQ ]UQ U Q.
|u |z
_P & 103
P Cu EPzv Bu Sni uQ
]_UP Ph ]h AqSQ. A v & uSvPUP
u
614
uzu uUP { Pmk. A Gx Pmkkzu Cx.
Au \Uv AhUP Au Ezv Si.
u[P E|hu[P xvUP a \P
_Q & E xu Cx xv } H G
GvUQ. } E SU Pm ! EP Cu uP H Ax
CuU Psk Ez xv \ Cu (|P) uUS Gx G
EUQhUP. v v ATPUSQ Pn E }v.
Au u z uU PmkkzvU Phzv Gv
kQ. |USn Ex | G En Cu
|vSn BQ & Sna]U Pmh i[P HQ.
Gv x P P E ]P kzxQ.
u\ P E CU SUQh Cx. n Ex
u Ex - zvP A S kQ.
{Pzu q A[Pzu ] APzu
\si } xv hzu E |u Qa] P G n
T. Au G Cu xv H Au Uu A xvuS
HuPU P A .
u v
615
u
(iii)
616
_"pvSQY"{[`Zr
pu@_"zAY"p
<\"^"Y":
T"w_> "zAY"p
<O"rY"W"pB"_Y" <\"^"Y"_"t<E"@p
42.
X"s@s J>\> "N"{S"z, O"QoB"O"pY"p"SZuA"pY"p SE"pT"O"Y"puA

u ": $ ..........................
43.
Qu\Y"p R"XX"u S"SQS"T"pQT"@s_"sX"pS"pz _"pvZWY"p\"p"Y"u \"p_": $ .......................

44. \"SQr@wO"p@{<@ZN"pW"z <_"SQtZz \"`SO"r _"rX"SO"_"Z<N": $ ...........................
10
45.
[@T"qZ\"wO"z Qu\Y"p \"QS"z X"QS"pSO"@X"pu`S"X"o $ ..................................

46. [[pJ>pAY"pR"{E"S-X"@sJ>_P"E"S]"@[Y"pu<\"{T"Y"{Y"uN"
SY"p_"p"ST"qZN"pX": $ .............................
24
47.
W"}\s "puX"{QS"R"S"tT"O"p $ .......................................................
37
_"tY"uS{ S"[pOX"@z S"ue"e"Y"z @p[e"Y"G"S"@X"o $ .....................................

49. <>W"uQp <\"]"p[pp: <\"]"p[p<QS"B"Y"{: $ ......................................
44
50.
S"\"Z_"p_\"pQO"Z[u O"Zu S"ue"u ^>p Up[S"ue"_Y"u^Y"p{ $ ..............................

51. <>T"pO"<\"^"Y"rW"tO"pS"pz W"uQpO"o >pv S"\"Z_"W"uQ: $ ................................
52. @N"p{SO"<\"dpSO"p\"T"ppv T"sZX"P"S"b"puW"@pv $ .....................................
58
53.
85
48.
V"}"pQrS"pz <e"B"sN"pOX"@pS"pz T"sS": _"w

> v S"ue"u e"v\"NY"{X"o $ ...........................
54. S"Y"S"ZuA"pe"Y"u B"pY"X"sS"p]"puN"_"zW"uQpuuA": $ ...................................
16
31
49
65
78
92
T"}[Y"pb"N"pY" G"B"QlQY"pY" E" Qu\"r T"qZO"<S"X"u^"p $ .............................. 98

56. ]"UqZ@uSQr\"ZY"pu: _"pvW"pBY"X"T"<G"`r^"pu:{ S"ue"_Y" T"v]"sSY"X"o $ ...................... 103
57. T"b"T"pO"Z<Ò"pY"p Qu\Y"p QY"pQrC"{Y"p ]"p QrS"Zb"N"z R"X"{: <O" T"}pP"{S"p $............. 111
55.
58.
@N"p{SO"B"O"pT"p_Y", T"p[rY"sB"_Y" E" X"QS"V"pN"R"S"s^>Su "puA

u ": $ .................. 119
59. B"NL>pW"puB"u O"pJ>T"}<O"U[S"uS" X"sA"_Y" E"O"s"@}X"QS"ZP"O"p $ ...................... 124
60.
_"Z_\"O"r_"tY"p@N"{S" E"<[O"@szL>[H"N"O@pZ_Y" pC"p_"tY"suA": $ ............... 131

61. SO"V"{<`" X"sp\"W"p<_"O"z S"p_"p_"pvSQY"{X"o $ ................................... 138
62.
<V"XV"<\"lX"Y"pu: QSO"EF>QpNY"uS" O"s[S"pW"p\": $ ................................ 144

63. Qu\"rX"sA"uSQl<S"B"{O"pX"wO"T"pS"G"L>r@wO"E""tf"uG"S"pY"
E"@puZ:v X[E"S<@ZN"T"pS"puA
u ": $ ................................ 151
(iv)
64.
617
_U<J>@<S"W"pY"p: _"Z_\"OY"p: T"]"sT"<O"@P"pd\"N"p_"Qu\"r<G"pB"}\"<O"{O"Y"p pNY"[pW": $ ................................... 157
<\"]"pA"p<Q<W": Qu\"rX"sA"O"pXV"t[@\"[[pW"puO_"s@O"p $ .......................... 164

66. Qu\"r_"pR"s\"pQpT"[<T"O"\"rN"p@[Z\"p \"pN"r<O", Qu\"r\"pDo>X"pR"sY"{T"}]"z_"p $ ............ 171
65.
67.
Qu\"rX"sA"X"s@s Z\"wSO"z <E"V"s@z S"sT"X"X"o $ ........................................ 177

68. B"}r\"pY"p X"sA"@X"[S"p[O"p $ ................................................. 183
69. B"rO"B"}pX"<S"Y"X"_"rX"pS" \" B"[B"O"p ZuA"p: $ ................................... 188
70.
S"A"W"uQ<W"Y"p V"}"N"p _O"sO"p Qu\"rW"sG"[O"p: $ ................................ 197

71. S"A"@pSO"<G"O"p T"-@pSO": $............................................... 204
72.
B"N"u]"_@SQT"rO"z _O"S"Y"sB"X"o $ ............................................... 210

73. _O"SY"T"pS"uS" B"N"u]"_@SQY"pu: <S"OY"@sX"pZO"p, _O"S"Y"pu:
X"wO"@[]"O"p $ ..................................................... 215
74.
B"G"@sXW"G"X"sp`pZuN" R"Z<V"XV"ZpB"p<N"O"uS"
T"sZpZp<O"@<O"{T"}@p]"S"X"o .............................................. 222
75. Qu\"r_O"SY"T"pS"uS" <\"L><]"]"pu: _"pZ_\"O"_"\"{_\"[pW": $ .......................... 228
76. `ZQBR"X"QS"p<dO"S"pW"r_"Z_" OT""p R"tX"p\"<[Zu\" ZpuX"p\"<[: $ .................. 237
77.
@sE"Y"puZSO"ZB"O"z \Y"puX" ZpuX"p\"<[: $ ........................................... 243

78. B"p\"O"{-ZpuX"p\"Y"p[\"p[-X"QS"p<"@sNL>-Z<O"[r[pB"pZpW"p S"p<W": $ ............ 248
79.
X"RY"_Y" W""S"Qr@t[B"O"\"wb"_"]"_Y" e"sJ>S"pW"p\"pY"p]"z_"p $ ...................... 254

80. X"RY"z e"sJS> "<W"Y"p @pX"uS" <e"\"<[[\"[rV"<X"\" $ ............................... 259
81. <\"\"p`_"X"Y"Qf"`ZN"T"<S"O"XV"<\"_O"pZB"pvZ\"p<O"]"Y": $ ........................ 266
82.
@ZrS]"sNL>p@Q[r@pNL>p@wO"r , Qu\"B"G"@sXW"T"}<O"@wO"r G"pS"sS"r E" $ .......... 273

83. G"Y"pP"| X"SX"P"uS" @wO"pv <B"sN"]"ZB"W"pv{ <S"^"p<\"\" G"pS"sS"r $ ................... 279
84.
`qZ]"Zds<O"<]"Z:]"uA"ZpY"X"pN"Y"pu"ZN"Y"pu: <S"R"pS"p`| _\"<]"Z: $ ................ 284

85. T"]"sT"O"rT_"O"p<W"`S"S"pY" T"QSpY" T"}N"pX": $ ................................. 291
86. X"w^"pB"pue"_A"[S"uS" <\"[b"W"O"{w[[pJ>u Qu\"rE"ZN"O"pL>S"z >\"O"p X"SX"P"uS"
_\"rY"\"vZ<S"Y"p{O"S"[pW"pO"o <@<[<@<[O"X"o $............................... 298
87.
_"ZpuG"p<O"]"p<Y"_"pvSQY"{]"p<[S"pv E"ZN"pv $ ...................................... 307
618
88.
(v)
u
X"wQpu: T"}T"Q_Y" @<\"<W": @wO"z @X"K>r@T"{Z_"pXY"z, <\"\"p`@p[u T"]"sT"<O"S"p

^"Q<R"ZpuT"N"z X"wQEl "ZN"_Y" E"pY"sX"u\" $ ................................. 314
QrS"uWY"pu W"drQpS"u <Q\Y"O"\"{<O"]"p<Y"S"pv E"ZN"pv $ ............................... 321

90. QrS"uWY" p]"pS"s_"]"drQpS"E"N"Y"pu"ZN"X"SQpZY"pu:
^"<L>SY"E"ZN"W"wW"p\"T"}p<"T"}pP"{S"p $ ................................... 328
89.
91.
W"\"S"@[`z_"pS"pz T"QSY"p_"T"qZE"Y"QpS"Qb"pv E"ZN"pv $ ............................. 335

92. V"}"<\"^N"su"ZR"wO"@T"J>T"}EF>QT"J>W"tO"<]"\"p_O"wO"T"Y"{\"p<_"SY"p
Qu\Y"p: _"pvSQY"p{<O"]"Y": $ .............................................. 347
93. \"@}p<T" hG"s:, X"wQZl <T" @<K>S"p, O"S"sZ<T" T"wP"s:, N"p&<T" @N"p _"p $ ............ 355
94.
Qu\Y"p_O"pXV"t[@ZNL>@z E"S \" $ O"_Y" qZO"p T"tN"{O"p E" Qu\"rW"puB"uS"

V"}"@wO"pT"tZN"uS" E" $ .................................................. 361
95. Qu\Y"p: O"Z[@ZN"pS"pX"_"s[W"O\"z, _"\"{O"pu V"pW"tT"sZpZ\"OY"{<N"X"pQrS"pX"<T"
_"\"{<_"<T"}QO\"X"o $................................................... 371
96. Qu\Y"p: T"p<O"\"}OY"X"_"pR"pZN"X"o $ .............................................. 379
97.
\"pN"rZX"pB"pvZrT"p<T" O"sZrY"p X"`pX"pY"p T"ZV"}"X"<`^"r E" $ ..................... 386

98. Qu\"rE"ZN"<S"N"u{G"S"G"[T"pS"p<P"{O"p $ E"ZN"puQ@_Y" X"t@O\"<S"\"O"{@O\"z
<S"Z<O"]"Y"\"pB\"[p_"QpO"wO\"z E" $ ....................................... 397
99. Qu\Y"p W"G"S"uS" _"\"p{<O"]"p<Y" \"pBX"O\"z, drX"f\"z, _"pvSQY"| E"u` [VR\"p,
<E"ZIG"r\"r Qu\Y"S"sB"}ùN" c"pS"r T"]"sT"p]"\Y"<O"@ZZ<Ò": T"ZV"}"p
S"SQpS"sW"\"z T"}pTY" X"puQO"u $.............................................. 404
100.
W"B"\"OY"p: _O"s<O": O"QrY"p<W": O"mT"p<W"\"p{BW":

<@}Y"O"u $ _O"pue"z _O"s<O": _O"sOY"p _O"p\"@" _"v\" $ ................................. 418
101. X"<N"X"s@s ZT": _O"<X"O"<@ZN": _"tY"{: W"B"\"OY"p \"QS"T"}<O"<V"XV"R"pZr
W"\"<O" $ ............................................................ 430
102.
W"B"\"O"rW"p W"B"\"O"r_\"T"X"u\" T"}T"SO"u, Y"uS" `Zpu&<T"

O"]"{S"u W"}X"<O" $ ..................................................... 434
103. _\"rY"_O"s<O"d\"N"pY", O"_Y" \"uQ\"QpQZN"rY"O"p<_"pv E" T"}pP"{S"p $ ................... 439
(vi)
619
hUP
u & 2 P.
aP
UP Gs
42.
uo Sh. \v xsk. ............................................................... 1
43.
i {u UP {n ]x. ........................... 10
44.
Qmi y mk & ] `. ........................................... 16
45.
a] hu P\[P ]. .................................................. 24
46.
Aa \v { & Shzv Aa \v & v

Cnzu v. ............................................................................................ 31
47.
& u . ................................................................................... 37
48.
& \v, AU UPsP. ............................................................... 44
49.
u ] {P[Px. ............................................................ 49
50.
{U PsoS PsPh .
Pm] UP PsP. ........................................ 58
51.
Jx [P ............................................................................... 65
52.
PxP }sh PsP, ]. ....................................................... 78
53.
- zvP hUPU PsP - |[Phu. .................................. 85
54.
PsP P[P \t{vP [P. ............................................ 92
55.
i {UP PsP -izvvzu. ............ 98
56.
A UUPU PsP à]. ................................... 103
57.
Sh u }sh PsP {u xP. .............. 111
58.
PhUPsP Px hP Cnx u Su. ................ 119
59.
Pzv uh[P v, {S \UQ[P u u. ....... 124
60.
v \P mh Sshzv \n J. ........................... 131
61.
E zuoQ - U S. ......................................................... 138
62.
P AQ Eumkh mi. ................................... 144
620
(vii)
u
63.
P \v Q Auzu _ En zu
EnQ \P P. ............................................................................. 151
64.
] mkQ u {UQ Jmk w

\| hu ................................................................................................ 157
65.
S u u EQ uzu z xizu. .................... 164
66.
u mk o n {u Ah[Su. .................. 171
67.
u PQ PstiUS P Pi. ......................................... 177
68.
u Pzuz u[SQ PzuQ Pizusk. ............................. 183
69.
mi J Pzx PP. ............................................ 188
70.
{S uP ] QvUP u {S
PP {ku. ........................................................................ 197
71.
{P J [Q u J. ........................................................................ 204
72.
Pnv SP Q P. ......................................................... 210
73.
Q C |z P, P AuP\S. ..................... 215
74.
Eumi ] ]u zx. .............................................................. 222
75.
u v u ]_ US. ................................ 228
76.
Gzu u u u Sh
aa- P P & . ............................................................................. 237
77.
u PmhU PhUP Ch Sux. ........... 243
78.
P[Pa _, \izv, u AU Ssh, v

Pv k G FP uQ u. .................................................. 248
79.
{vUP Jix \vUS Ch. ............................... 254
80.
u Ch JiUP - Pia _ CUQUPmku. ............ 259
81.
u vna^ Ck ui. ............................................... 266
82.
xUP, z usk xh, u

zuP [P. ........................................................................ 273
83.
zv P Azyo PqUPP. ................................... 279
84.
u u u[QU PshkQ
viP G ]. .............................................................................. 284
(viii)
621
85.
] si PP Ai. ............................................................. 291
86.
ukzu Q[Q ]x { u PP
kuU Psh u U PshmhU PP J. ............ 298
87.
u g] vi. ............................................................................. 307
88.
Bmkh [P DkPmku A vUPa

] u viPU P x zux u. ..................... 314
89.
{uUS Euv PPzu g] vi. ..................................... 321
90.
{uUS { A viz uP
shPa _ B\ ................................................................................ .328
91.
A US {hUSQ vi. ...................................................... 335
92.
-zvP Da u] PmiP A
P\ iuu u. .................................................................. 347
93.
skQ Pn A. ............................................................... 355
94.
\vQ u mi. u u _UPU S

Cmk |Q . .......................................................................... 361
95.
h[PuUS Gv Qmhu. zv uP
`. ......................................................................................... 371
96.
u Cn P. .................................................................................. 379
97.
v P CPUS mh .
zv C. ............................................................................... 386
98.
vi } P . .................................................................. 397
99.
UQ ] \a \ AS {k{ x
h _&\&| u uQ . ............. 404
100. Ax UP A \ Az xvx &

G A. ................................................................................................ 418
101. zvU Psti h u v. ............................. 430
102. u Uu u i , ]US Auh . ................. 434
103. CzxvU PmP A skP .................................................. 439
622
(ix)
u
\nP UP E
\v a (42) ............................................................................ 454
Cmh US P (43) ........................................................................ 459
u (44) ........................................................................................ 463
Ch C v \vP (45) ................................................................. 476
|s (47) ................................................................................... 480
UPs & USn U (48) ............................................................................ 490
|z z (49) ................................................................................... 493
Pu PsP (50) ............................................................................. 497
|n & | { (51) .............................................................................. 502
\ \ (51) ............................................................................. 508
G A }mi (57) ........................................................................ 510
| Uu P ~m (61) .................................................................... 520
E EumhS (62) ............................................................................... 523
{ zx S P (63) .............................................................. 524
u u (65) ..................................................................................... 527
mh mP zux (66) ........................................................................... 533
PshP Psh (69) ..................................................................... 539
u \ (70&71)..................................................................................... 546
b (73) ................................................................................................ 547
uU Su (75) ........................................................................................... 547
P P [P (82) ......................................................................... 549
(x)
623
Pzu Pv u (84) ..................................................................... 550

UP u (88)......................................................................... 554
AS |h Bz n (91) ................................................................ 555
u JPx (87) ................................................................................. 556
\ (92) ................................................................................. 557
\v shP (94) .................................................................... 559
B\kUS Ga\UP (84) ................................................................... 560
AP Au\U P (96) ......................................................................... 565
zv mh (97) ..................................................................... 567
Azx A A k (99) ................................................. 572
P Bzv (100)........................................................................................... 578
*
Jx EP Pzxa _UP .................................................. 588
drp>ZW"Bp\"OT"pQ{\"Z{E"O"p
_"pvSQY"`Zr
{O"rY"pu W"pBp:
bX"rR"Zp - _"pvW"pBY"\"R"S"r - NppX"pu{QS"r - pS"SQ{BpZrY"p - O"pOT"Y"Qr{T"S"r T"QpP"E"[S@p - {L>[NL>X"W"p^Y" - BppuT"p_"sSQZr - pS"SQ`Y"pAY" \Y"pAY"pS"\"@uS"
_"O"{X"S"s\"pQuS" dr @p"r @pX"@pu{J>T"rK>pR"r"Z - G"Bpl - p>ZpE"pY"
drE"SpuA"ZuS_"Z_\"O"r drT"pQ@wO" O"{X" W"p^"NpuS" E" Y"sO"p
O"{X"S"s\"pQ@: _"zppuR"@"
\"v._"o.\"r. ZpR"p@w^Np ppr, drZX"o

\[P Pzu C
u
Csh P
u & Uzu, Anv & BuQ &
uzw & uzu\vP & isi & Pu
Bu G Jx Qu EP uuzxh
Pg^ PPi hvv, PzS \[P\

\v \Pv w
\nP u UP Eh
u & uS
z G.. uQn \v, [P

k :
mm
94, I.T.I. Layout, Gurukrupa, Bangalore-54
(ii)
Copyright Reserved
First Edition : 2010
SOUNDARYALAHARI - II PART
Of Acharya Sri Sankara Bhagavatpada
with Nine Sanskrit Commentaries, with their
Tamil translation and Lectures in Tamil
by Kanchi Kamakoti Peethadhipathi Sri Sankaracharya
Pujyasri Chandrasekharendra Saraswati Sricharana
Compiled by
Vaidya S.V. Radhakrishna Sastri, Srirangam
With Tamil translation of the
Nine commentaries.
Copies available at :
SRI KUPPUSWAMYSASTRI RESEARCH INSTITUTE
ROYAPETTAH HIGH ROAD,
MYLAPORE, CHENNAI-4
(Inside Myalpre Sanskrit College)
Published by :
SRI MAHAPERIYAVAL TRUST
''GURUKRUPA'' 94, I.T.I. LAYOUT, MSRIT NAGAR
BANGALORE-560 054.
Lasertypeset & Printed at :

V.K.N. Enterprises
164, R.H. Road, Mylapore, Chennai-4, Cell : 98402-17036
626

Soundaryalahiri Part2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Soundaryalahiri Part2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sunday, October 24, 2010

B"O"vX"p{N"Y"O\"z B"B"S"X"{N"{W": _"pSC"{J>O"z

@: P:, 2. _"X"rL>u, O"X"rL>u, _"X"rT"u, h, uh, . 3. Fs>ZNp T"J>z,

Sunday, October 24, 2010

u : Qu & P! oUz Pu: =

Sunday, October 24, 2010

Sunday, October 24, 2010

Sunday, October 24, 2010

Sunday, October 24, 2010

E"S"@z _"@X"\"puY" Qz {@z "pvS"p_"rZz "p@z R"S"sqZ{O" V"s{z V"RS"p{O", S"s_"SR"f"u $

Sunday, October 24, 2010

Sunday, October 24, 2010

zu J Ezv J . oUPzu B Qh?

Sunday, October 24, 2010

Sunday, October 24, 2010

R"sS"puO"s R\"pSO"z S"_O"s{O"Q{O"uSQr\"Z\"S"z

Sunday, October 24, 2010

1. C"S"z {BR"z bNpz P {Uu an, {BR"z Y"pX"z - {Uu a.

Sunday, October 24, 2010

Sunday, October 24, 2010

Sunday, October 24, 2010

Anzuz u sk UP TuUSa ^h. Au

Sunday, October 24, 2010

Sunday, October 24, 2010

{\"J>{T"S": @T"\"wb"p:, O"u^"pz _"sX"S"_": T"s^T"p{Np, O"[_X"S"o {E"@sZ{S"@sXV"u \"_"SO"rOY"`z X"SY"u $

O"S"puO"s b"uX"z S"_O"\" \"QS"_"pvSQY"`ZrT"Zr\"p`puO":_"Z{N"qZ\" _"rX"SO"_"Z{N": $

Sunday, October 24, 2010

z u 2 wUu ||PQn >> 44

u|x |: = Gx Csh vP; w y = Gx

Sunday, October 24, 2010

OT"bu "N"pO"o $ S"E"pY"X"sT"X"ppZ:; _\"O"{__"X"S"sT"G"r\Y" @{\"T"pMv p> {u O"X"u\"puT"G"r\Y"puOP"pS"pO"o;

Sunday, October 24, 2010

Sunday, October 24, 2010

{S"Z{O""Y"_"pvSQY"_"{`Zr{W"Zp@NK>>X"pT"tqZO"_Y" O"\" \"QS"T"p@Z_Y" T"qZ\"p`puO":

Sunday, October 24, 2010

{\"_O"pZY"O"s$ {@z{\"R"p _"rX"SO"_"Z{N": {_"SQmZz \"`SO"r QR"pS"p $ e"puOT"ub"pX"p` - {@{X"\",

Sunday, October 24, 2010

Sunday, October 24, 2010

Sunday, October 24, 2010

Sunday, October 24, 2010

E"b"t^z Y"u\" X"R"s{`: W"X"Zp: $ {G"O"X"SX"P"_Y"p{T" \"QS"_"pvSQY"Q"S"z X"pQS"`uO"sqZ{O" {@X"s \"O"\Y"z

Sunday, October 24, 2010

Sunday, October 24, 2010

P APx. Ax u APU Qsh \Qx. ]x

Sunday, October 24, 2010

{@s`_"dr{W"@v: {S"OY"X"Q\"u rz uz, T"u`{E": @puz, _X"ZX"P"S"E"b"s: "p,

Sunday, October 24, 2010

_"sB"SR"pv "puW"S"B"SR"@u $ e"uQX"lO"z - Y": _X"ZQ`S": X"QS"X"pZ@: O"_Y"p{T" >Y"pu&e" X"sA"u

Sunday, October 24, 2010

Sunday, October 24, 2010

_"sBp[SR"T"Q_Y" W"p{^"O"T"sz_@O\"p{W"p^"Y"p T"sz\"p\": $ O"uS" \"QS"_Y" T"ZpBpO\"z \Y"X"o $$

pJ>z p\"NY"s{O"{\"X"z pW"p{O" O"\" Y"O"o

X"@sJ>p{pA"NL_Y" p@z> Sh \]Psh \P, 2. W"Y"@wO"_"SR"pS"X"{Y"O":

Sunday, October 24, 2010

Sunday, October 24, 2010

R|UQ zxu |v R|UQ \v v.

Sunday, October 24, 2010

{O"rY"z p@z O"@Y"pX"rOY"P": $ OT"bu "pUX"p` - {\"T"Y"p_"SY"p_"pO"o, \"ppuNppuR\"@puNpY"pu:

Sunday, October 24, 2010

{p\" $ X"SY"u S"X": $ rz {p\"QmOY"v S"X": $$ 46 $$

Sunday, October 24, 2010

\Y"pAY"uY"X"o $ W"t: T"p"P"pu&e" $ \"Npz S"Qr[O\"^"pu: {_e"Y"p{X"{O" X"u{QS"r@Z: $$ 46 $$

Sunday, October 24, 2010