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5
Couplings
At the end of this lesson, the students should have the knowledge of
If Lk determined here is less than hub length L we may assume the key
length to be the same as hub length.
For crushing failure we have
⎛d ⎞ d
⎜ .L k ⎟ σc. = T where σc is crushing stress induced in the key. This gives
⎝8 ⎠ 2
16T
σc =
Lk d 2
and if σc < σcy , the bearing strength of the key material , the key dimensions
chosen are in order.
(5) Bolt dimensions :
The bolts are subjected to shear and bearing stresses while transmitting
torque.
Considering the shear failure mode we have
π d
n. d b 2 τ yb c = T
4 2
where n is the number of bolts, db the nominal bolt diameter, T is the torque
transmitted, τ yb is the shear yield strength of the bolt material and dc is the
bolt circle diameter. The bolt diameter may now be obtained if n is known.
The number of bolts n is often given by the following empirical relation:
t3
dr dbr
dneck
Hub
Shaft
Key
dc d1 d
Brass bush
Pin
Rubber bush
In a rigid coupling the torque is transmitted from one half of the coupling to
the other through the bolts and in this arrangement shafts need be aligned
very well.
However in the bushed coupling the rubber bushings over the pins (bolts) (as
shown in Figure-5.2.2.1) provide flexibility and these coupling can
accommodate some misalignment.
Because of the rubber bushing the design for pins should be considered
carefully.
(1) Bearing stress
Rubber bushings are available for different inside and out side diameters.
However rubber bushes are mostly available in thickness between 6 mm
to 7.5mm for bores upto 25mm and 9mm thickness for larger bores. Brass
sleeves are made to suit the requirements. However, brass sleeve
Bending Stress
The pin loading is shown in Figure-5.2.2.2.
dbr
Clearly the bearing pressure that acts as distributed load on rubber bush
would produce bending of the pin. Considering an equivalent concentrated
load F= pt2d the bending stress is
32F ( t 2 2 )
σb =
πd 3br
Knowing the shear and bending stresses we may check the pin diameter for
principal stresses using appropriate theories of failure.
We may also assume the following empirical relations:
Hub diameter = 2d
Hub length = 1.5d
0.5d
Pin diameter at the neck =
n
Q.1: Design a typical rigid flange coupling for connecting a motor and a
centrifugal pump shafts. The coupling needs to transmit 15 KW at
1000 rpm. The allowable shear stresses of the shaft, key and bolt
materials are 60 MPa,50 MPa and 25 MPa respectively. The shear
modulus of the shaft material may be taken as 84GPa. The angle of
16T
d = 3 where T is the torque transmitted and τy is the
πτ y
And this gives τf = 2.69 MPa which is much less than the yield shear
Brass sleeve
dneck
Enlarged
L Diameter
L1
11.29 MPa and this is much less than yield stress of the pin material.
There is no specific recommendation for the enlarged diameter based on
dneck but the enlarged diameters should be enough to provide a neck for
tightening. We may choose
denlarged = 16mm which is a standard size. Therefore we may determine
the inner diameter of the rubber bush as
dbush = Enlarged diameter of the pin + 2x brass sleeve thickness.
A brass sleeve of 2mm thickness is sufficient and we have
dbush = 20mm
Rubber bush of core diameter up to 25mm are available in thickness of
6mm. Therefore we choose a bush of core diameter 20mm and
thickness 6mm.
In order to determine the bush length we have
dc
T = npLd bush
2
where p is the bearing pressure, (Ldbush) is the projected area and dc is
the pitch circle diameter. Substituting T= 159Nm, p = 0.5MPa, dbush =
0.02m and dc = 0.14m we have L = 56.78 mm.
The rubber bush chosen is therefore of 20mm bore size, 6mm wall
thickness and 60 mm long.