1.

C s p dng phng php khai thc gaslift

2. Cu trc h thng ng khai thc bng phng php gaslift
3. Cc phng php khai thc gaslift
4. Thnh phn thit b chnh trong khai thc bng gaslift
5. Cc thng s lm vic ca ging khai thc bng gaslift
6. Kho st ging khai thc bng gaslift


KHAI THC DU BNG PHNG PHP GASLIFT
Chng 7

C S P DNG PHNG PHP KHAI THC GASLIFT
Bn cht:
- L phng php khai thc c hc
- Bm kh nn vo ng bm p
- Khi kh ti ng HKT p sut nn kh t max (P
k
)
- Xut hin P
iu kin p dng phng php khai thc gaslift:
- Cc ging c kh nng khai thc ln
- Ging sn phm c cha ct hay b ngm nc
- Ging c hm lng kh cao
- Va sn phm c nhit cao
Cc yu t nh hng ti phng php khai thc gaslift:
- su nhng chm ca ng HKT,
- Lu lng kh nn,
- Cht lng kh nn,
- H s sn phm K,
- Cu trc ng HKT

C S P DNG PHNG PHP KHAI THC GASLIFT
u im ca phng php khai thc gaslift:
- Tn dng nng lng ca kh nn v kh ng hnh
- iu chnh lu lng kh nn thun li thng qua cn iu khin
- S dng c vi ging c nghing v su ln
- D iu chnh lu lng khai thc
- Kho st ging thun li (khng cn nng TBLG)
- C th khai thc ng thi nhiu va vi cng mt ging
Nhc im ca phng php khai thc gaslift:
- u t ban u ln,
- Nng lng chi ph cho 1 tn sn phm ln

CU TRC H THNG NG KHAI THC BNG PHNG PHP GASLIFT
Phn loi h thng ng khai thc bng gaslift
Theo s lng ct ng th vo ging: cu trc 1 ct ng v cu trc 2 ct ng

Theo hng i ca kh nn v dng sn phm: ch vnh khuyn, ch
trung tm
Theo s lng ct ng th vo ging v hng i ca dng sn phm v kh
nn ta c:
- Ch vnh khuyn 1 ct ng,
- Ch vnh khuyn 2 ct ng,
- Ch trung tm 1 ct ng,
- Ch trung tm 2 ct ng.

CU TRC H THNG NG KHAI THC BNG PHNG PHP GASLIFT
Ch vnh khuyn 1 ct ng
- H thng ng khai thc dng m
p dng kh P

>P
k ,
Gaslift lin tc
- H thng ng khai thc dng ng
p dng khi khai thc Gaslift nh k
- H thng ng khai thc dng bn ng
p dng khi khai thc Gaslift lin tc
u im
- n gin, gn nhe, s dng trit cu truc ca ging.
- Tng bn ca ng khai thac.
- D nng cat va vt cng ay ging ln mt t.
- D x ly khi c parafin lng ng.
- Thun li khi trang b van Galift khi ng
Nhc im
- p sut khi ng ln (so vi ch trung tm).
- p sut ay ging gim t ngt khi khi ng va ngng nen khi lam h hong vung
cn ay ging va to nut cat lp ng lc. khc phc nhc im nay ngi ta lp van Gaslift
khi ng va lp t Paker.


CC PHNG PHP KHAI THC GASLIFT
Phng php khai thc gaslift lin tc
u im:
Kh nn c bm vo ging v khai thc vi lu lng tng i n nh, hn
ch c nhiu phc tp trong h thng Gaslift
Nhc im: Khng thch hp vi ging c lu lng qu cao nhng mc nc ng thp
p dng:
Ging c kh nng khai thc ln
Ging sn phm c cha ct hay b ngm nc
iu kin nhit va cao
Phng php khai thc gaslift nh k
u im:
Kinh t, linh hot v lu lng v chiu su ging
Nhc im:
Lu lng khai thc b gii hn (kh t Q
max
)
Khng thch hp vi ging su c ct HKT nho
p sut dao ng mnh VCG
p dng:
Ging su v mc cht long thp
Ging c lu lng khai thc nho
Phng php khai thc gaslift khng s dng my nn kh
Tn dng ngun kh cao p ca cc ging bn cnh
Ch p dng trong quy m nho, cho mt vi ging v mang tnh tm thi




CC PHNG PHP KHAI THC GASLIFT
Phng php khai thc gaslift nh k
Nguyn l hot ng:
- Giai on tch ly: c dng do tn ti chnh p. Dng chy lm van ngc m
v tch ly dn trong HKT. (Hnh a,)
- Giai on bm p kh: Khi p sut ct cht long cn bng vi P
v ,
khi ng
thit b iu khin chu k trn b mt. Van gaslift lm vic m y ct cht long tch ly
c ln b mt v van ngc ng li khng cho dng vo ging (Hnh b)
- Giai on sn phm ln b mt: Khi ct cht long va nng ln n ming ging
th thit b iu khin chu k ng, khi van gaslift lm vic vn m. Khi cht long i vo
ng ng vn chuyn th p sut trong HKT gim lm van gaslift lm vic ng li (Hnh
c, d) Phn loi phng
php khai thc
gaslift nh k: C 2
phng php
chnh:
- Phng
php khai thc nh
k s dng con thoi
y
- Phng
php khai thc nh
k s dng bn
cha tch







THNH PHN THIT B CHNH TRONG KHAI THC BNG GASLIFT
Thit b trn mt
Thit b lng ging

THNH PHN THIT B CHNH TRONG KHAI THC BNG GASLIFT
Thit b lng ging
Ging vi TBLG ca cc ging khai thc t phun, thnh phn chnh l mandrel v van gaslift
-Van gaslift khi ng (dng tng su dn kh vo ct HKT); van gaslift lm vic
- Van gaslift iu khin bng p sut, c hc
- Van dng bung cha kh N
2
v dng l xo
- Van dng c nh, c th tho d (lp t vo mandrel nh k thut cp ti)
Nguyn tc hot ng ca van
gaslift:
Van Gaslift hot ng
nh hai lc tc dng ngc
chiu nhau. Lc th nht l lc
ng van, c to ra bi p
sut kh np sn trong bung kh
ca van theo gi tr nht nh
gi van trng thi ng. Lc
th hai l lc m van, c to
ra bi p sut kh nn ngoi ng
nng v p sut ct cht long
trong ng nng.

CC THNG S LM VIC CA GING KHAI THC BNG GASLIFT
Cc khi nim
-Mc nc tnh: Mc nc trong ging khi ging khng hot ng (H
t
)
- Mc nc ng: Mc nc ngoi vnh khuyn ng HKT khi ging khai thc vi lu lng Q,
(H
d
)
- ngp su ca ng nng: cao ca mc nc tnh n ay ng KHT (khi khi ng ging)
hoc cao ca mc nc ng n ay ng nng (trong qu trnh khai thc), (h)
- ngp su tng i: l t s gia ngp su ca ng HKT v chiu di ng HKT
- p sut khi ng: l gi tr p sut ln nht ti ng nng trong qu trnh khi ng ging
Vi ch vnh khuyn mt ct ng:



Vi ch trung tm mt ct ng:


Trong :
d
c
: ng knh trong ca ng chng khai thc
d
2
: ng knh ng HKT
2
2
2
c
l kd
d
d
gh P =
2
2
2
c
2
c
l kd
d d
d
gh P

=

CC THNG S LM VIC CA GING KHAI THC BNG GASLIFT
Cc phng php gim p sut khi ng
Chuyn tm thi ging sang hot ng theo ch trung tm, khi chiu su ging khng qu
1000m
Gim trng lng ring
- Ha trn kh vo cht long trn b mt
- Bm nt kh du xen k vo KGVX
Gim h
- H thp mc cht long trong ging
- S dng u ni c l thng lp trn HKT (Mupta thi)
- S dng van gaslift
Cc phng php xc nh chiu su t van gaslift
- Phng php gii tch
- Phng php ton
- Phng php s dng th Camco



CC THNG S LM VIC CA GING KHAI THC BNG GASLIFT
Cc phng php xc nh chiu su t van gaslift
Phng php gii tch
Chiu su t van th nht:


Chiu su t van th n



Trong :
h
1
:chiu su mc cht long trong ng bm p khi
cng sut my nn kh t max
P
ng1
, P
ngn
: p sut ngoi ca kh nn ti van s 1 v
van th n: P
ng1
= P
ngn
=P
my

nn kh

P
m
: p sut ti ming ging
P
t(n-1)
: p sut ca ct cht long trong ng HKT ti
su t van n-1 cho ti ming ging



20
g
P - P
H
m 1 ng
1

=
20 H
g
P - P
H
1 n
) 1 n ( t ngn
n
+

CC THNG S LM VIC CA GING KHAI THC BNG GASLIFT
Cc phng php xc nh
chiu su t van gaslift
(tip)
Phng php s dng biu
Camco
ng s 1: ng cong
phn b p sut long kh
trong ct ng nng
ng s 2: ng phn
b p sut thy tnh
ng s 3: ng phn
b p sut kh nn ngoi
cn
ng s 4: ng
gradient nhit ca kh
nn ngoi cn
ng s 5: ng
gradient nhit cht long
trong cn




CC THNG S LM VIC CA GING KHAI THC BNG GASLIFT
Cc phng php xc nh chiu su t van gaslift (tip)
Phng php s dng biu Camco (tip)
+ Xd ng s 1: T biu phn b p sut dng chy, xc nh ng cong phn b
p sut dng chy ng vi GLR=lu lng kh p ti a/lu lng khai thc -> dn
ng cong ln h li ta , c ng cong s 1 ng vi P
u

ging
= 0 dch
chuyn ng ny sang P
u

ging
cho c c ng s 1.

+ Xd ng s 2: Qua 2 im (P
u

ging ,
H =0) v im p sut thy tnh ng vi su
H
thy tnh
(chnh l ct p thy tnh) .

+ Xd ng s 3: Qua 2 im (P
khi ng u

ging
, H =0) v (P
va
, H
va
)

+ Xd ng s 4: Qua 2 im (T
kh nn u

ging
, H =0) v (T
va
, H
va
)

+ Xd ng s 5: Qua 2 im (T
long u

ging ,
H =0) v (T
va
, H
va
).




CC THNG S LM VIC CA GING KHAI THC BNG GASLIFT
Xc nh ng knh v chiu di ng HKT
Chiu di ct ng HKT:



ng knh ct ng HKT lm vic ch ti u:



Trong :
H : Chiu su ca ging (m)
P

: p sut ay ging (at)

P

: p sut ct ng nng (at)

hh
: T trng trung bnh ca hn hp du kh gia
ct ng nng v ay ging
Q
cl
: Lu lng khai thc




( )
hh

P P 10
H L

=
3
cl
cl
tu
). 1 (
Q
3
1
235 , 0 d
c
=
cl
m de
. L
P P
10

= c

KHO ST GING KHAI THC BNG GASLIFT
Mc ich:
- Xc nh v thit lp ch lm vic ti u ca ging
- Xc nh v chnh xc ha cc thng s lm vic ca va: h s sn phm, p sut
ay, p sut va
- Xc nh su l dn kh thc t sau mt thi gian ging lm vic
Phng php:
- Thay i ch khai thc n nh (thay i lu lng kh nn)
- Thay i p sut
Phng php thay i ch khai thc
n nh:
- Gim th tch kh nn V
k
, ch
ging lm vic n nh ghi p sut kh
nn P
k
, lu lng Q
l

- Tng V
k
ln 25%, ch ging lm
vic n nh ghi P
k
, Q
l

- V th t sut ring R (V
k
), P
k

(V
k
), Q
l
(V
k
)
- Ch lm vic ca ging trong
khong t ch ti u n ch
khai thc cc i


KHO ST GING KHAI THC BNG GASLIFT
Cc phng php kho st ging (tip)
Phng php thay i p sut
- M hon ton van trn ming ging (cn tit lu), cho ging lm vic n nh v ghi
nhn gi tr p sut kh nn P
k1
v sn lng ging Q
l1

- Sau ng dn cn tit lu li gim sn lng khong 70% v ghi li O
k2
, Q
l2

khi ging lm vic n nh ch mi ny
- S liu thu nhn c cho php ta tnh c h s sn phm da trn c s biu
thc sau:


- i vi hai ch khai thc s c hai phng trnh tng ng sau:


- T c th xc nh h s sn phm ca ging:
- Trong P

c xc nh nh sau:
P
k
: p sut kh nn
P
gt
: p sut ca ct kh t ming ging n van lm vic (ay ng)
P
ms
: p sut do ma st to ra ca dng kh nn t ming ging n van lm vic
(ay ng)
P
l
: p sut ca ct cht long t van lm vic n ay ging
- T ta xc nh c P
v:

) P P ( K Q
v
=
); P P ( K Q
1 v 1
= ) P P ( K Q
2 v 2
= ) P P /( ) Q Q ( K
1 2 1 2
=
l ms gt k
P P P P P + + + =
K
Q
P P
1
1 v
+ =

1. Khai thc du bng my bm c cn truyn lc
2. Khai thc du bng my bm ly tm in chm
3. Khai thc du bng my bm thy lc


KHAI THC DU BNG MY BM
Chng 8

KHAI THC DU BNG MY BM C CN TRUYN LC
Bn cht:
- L phng php khai thc c hc
- Nng lng cung cp cho my bm ngm chuyn ng tnh tin (my bm cn ko
bm pistion cn) hay chuyn ng xon (my bm rnh xon)
- i vi my piston cn th chuyn ng quay ca ng c in thng qua cn truyn
lc chuyn thnh chuyn ng tnh tin ko th piston trong ging. Trn piston c lp van
ngc khi piston h xung th du trn qua van ngc i ln pha trn, khi piston chuyn ln
pha trn th van ngc s ng li v nng du ln mt t
- i vi my bm gung xon th chuyn ng quay ca ng c c chuyn thnh
chuyn ng xoay theo phng thng ng quay gung xon trong ging. Nh vy m
du s di chuyn ln mt t theo cc rnh xon.
Phm vi ng dng:
Va sn phm c su khng ln, kh nng khai thc t hn 70T/day, ang trong giai
on khai thc gia v cui i ca mo c p sut ay ging thp dao ng trong khong 10
15 atm
Din tch khng gian ln
ang c p dng ti mo ca cc nc thuc Lin X c, cc mo Trung Cn ng
v cc mo M

KHAI THC DU BNG MY BM C CN TRUYN LC
My bm piston cn

KHAI THC DU BNG MY BM C CN TRUYN LC
May bm
rnh xon

KHAI THC DU BNG MY BM C CN TRUYN LC
My bm
cn xon

KHAI THC DU BNG MY BM C CN TRUYN LC
u im:
- ang tin cy, t gp s c trong qu trnh hot ng.
- H thng cu to c hc tng i n gin.
- D dng thay i tc khai thc cho ph hp.
- D dng tho lp v di chuyn n cc ging khc vi chi ph thp.
- Qu trnh vn hnh n gin, hiu qu.
- ng dng vi ging c lu lng nho v khai thc nhiu tng sn phm, p sut
thp, nhit v nht cao.
- D dng xc nh h hong ca bm v x l khi b n mn.
Nhc im:
- Phi lp t v tr trung tm ca ging.
- H thng bm piston cn nng n v cng knh i vi vic khai thc du kh trn
bin.
- Rt nhy cm vi trng hp c parafin.
- Khng th sn ph bn trong ng khai thc mt lp chng n mn.
- su th bm hn ch bi nng kh H
2
S.

KHAI THC DU BNG MY BM LY TM IN CHM
Bn cht:
- y l loi my bm ly tm nhiu cp, h thng hot ng nh nng lng in c
cung cp t my bin th trn mt t theo cp truyn xung m t in t trong ging phn
di ca bm.
- Chuyn ng quay ca ng c in c truyn qua trc dn lm quay cc bnh cng
tc (rto). Cht long s b y theo hng cc cnh ca rto p vo bnh tnh (stato) c chiu
ngc li, to ra s tng p y du chuyn ng ln tng trn.
- C nh vy, du khi qua mi tng bm s c tng p v c y ln mt t theo ct
ng khai thc.
Thnh phn chnh:
ng c in ba pha, thit b bo v ng c, thit b tch kh kiu ly tm, my bm, cp ti
in nng v thit b chuyn dng trn b mt nh u ging, trm iu khin, trm bin th.
Phm vi ng dng:
S dng khi khai thc du nhng va c GOR thp, nhit va di 250
0
F, ging du c
ngm nc cao v ging du cha bo ho nc
ang c p dng ti mt s ging mo Rng

KHAI THC DU BNG MY BM LY TM IN CHM

KHAI THC DU BNG MY BM LY TM IN CHM
u im:
- C th khai thc vi lu lng ln.
- C th p dng cho cc ging khai thc n l
- Chi ph u t ban u thp hn phng php gaslift.
- Khng gian dnh cho thit b ny t hn so vi cc phng php khc, ph hp khai thc
ngoi khi.
- Ngun nng lng in cung cp cho cc my bm l ngun in sn c hoc c to
ra nh ng c diezen.
- L phng php khai thc an ton, vic theo di v iu khin d dng.
Nhc im:
- Khng tn dng c ngun nng lng t nhin (kh ng hnh).
- Hm lng tp cht nh hng n hot ng ca my bm.
- Km hiu qu trong nhng ging c yu t kh cao, h s sn phm thp nhit va cao,
hm lng vt cng ln v hm lng parafin cao.
- Hn ch bi nghing ca ging.
- Kh khn trong vic lp t cc thit b an ton su.
- i hoi phi c thit b kim tra v iu khin cho tng ging
- Kh tin hnh kho st ging cc vng nm di bm
- Kh iu chnh lu lng khai thc v x l VCG

KHAI THC DU BNG MY BM THY LC
Bn cht:
- Nng lng c cung cp cho my bm nh cht long cng tc c p sut cao.
Ngun nng lng chuyn ha thnh c nng, truyn chuyn ng tnh tin sang cho
piston ca my bm (my bm thy lc ngm), hay chuyn ha nng lng t dng p sut
cao sang vn tc cao v ngc li (my bm phun tia)
- i vi my bm thu lc ngm: Lm vic thng qua phn ng c ca piston thy lc
v phn my bm thy lc ngm c cng trc piston. Cht long cng tc (du hoc nc)
c bm xung t mt t i vo HKT y trc piston i xung cung cp nng lng cho
my bm, sau dng cht long mang nng lng cng vi dng sn phm khai thc t
ging c y ln b mt.
- i vi my bm phun tia: Dng cht long cng tc cao p (ti 200atm) c bm
xung theo ct HKT n ng ha trntrong bm. nng lng p sut c bin thnh
nng lng vn tc. Dng cht long c vn tc ln nhng p sut nho ny truyn nng lng
cho cht long khai thc i vo ging do chnh p. Sau hn hp i vo bung ha trn v
cc dng nng lng c chuyn i ngc li. Nh p sut ln m dng hn hp i ln b
mt.
Phm vi ng dng
Ging c lu lng va v trung bnh, thng t 100m
3
/day, su tng sn phm t
1500 2500m. Thn ging c nghing trung t 20
0
30
0
.
Cc mo Lin X c, M v vng Bin Bc

KHAI THC DU BNG MY BM THY LC

KHAI THC DU BNG MY BM THY LC
u im:
- Khng cn lp t ti v tr trung tm ging.
- Khng b nh hng do ging khoan b lch.
- D dng thay i tc cho ph hp vi lu lng ging.
- C th khai thc vi p sut tng i thp v nht ca du tng i cao. V cht
long mang nng lng c th nung nng sn phm khai thc.
- C th khai thc nhiu tng sn phm cng mt lc v p dng khai thc trn bin.
- H thng khp kn hn ch c s n mn.
- D dng chn ch bm theo chu k vi thi gian nh sn.
- Cc ho phm chng lng ng hay chng n mn c th bm xung cng vi cht
long mang nng lng..
Nhc im:
- Kh nng h hong thit b khai thc trong qu trnh hot ng tng i cao, khi sa
cha phi dng h thng c hc chuyn dng.
- Khng p dng c trong trng hp dng sn phm c hm lng cht rn cao.
- Gi thnh vn hnh thng cao hn d tnh.
- Vic x l phn r st bn di paker rt kh.
- Mt an ton do p sut vn hnh trn b mt cao.

Cc phng php x l vng cn ay ging
Nguyn nhn gy nhim bn VCG
- Trong cc qu trnh khoan, hon thin ging v khai thc vng cn ay ging s b nhim
bn lm gim thm t nhin ca va
nh hng do qu trnh khoan:
C ch
Cc yu t lm gia tng mc nhim bn trong qu trnh khoan:

+ Va c thm cao lm tng
kh nng tip nhn mn khoan, lm bn knh
vng nhim bn lan rng.
+ Dung dch khoan gc nc d
to nh tng nghch bn vng.
+ Thnh h cha mui d to kt
ta.
+ p sut ging cao hn p sut
va, thnh h yu d sp l.
+ Dung dch khoan s dng c
hm lng pha rn cao.


Cc phng php x l vng cn ay ging
Nguyn nhn gy nhim bn VCG (tip)
nh hng do qu trnh chng ng v trm xi mng:
Bm trm p sut cao lm cho xi mng d thm vo thnh h. Sau khi ng cng vi
c tnh ca xi mng lm cho khu vc nhim xi mng c thm xp x bng khng.Vic khi
phc thm t nhin ca va gp kh khn do tn tht cc b ti ay tng
Cc sn phm sinh ra do phn ng gia cht ph gia v dung dch m cng gy nhim
bn thnh h. Thnh h c thm cng cao cng d b nhim bn
nh hng do qu trnh hon thin ging v mc m va:
Cc loi nhim bn ca dung dch hon thin ging gy ra cng tng t nh dung
dch khoan
c im hon thin ging v mt thy ng hc nh hng ti tnh thm t nhin ca
va
Khi m va bng cch chng ng, trm xi mng sau bn m va th s nhim bn l
do lp xi mng, mng v, s nn p xung quanh l bn, lp kim loi nng chy


Cc phng php x l vng cn ay ging
Nguyn nhn gy nhim bn VCG (tip)
nh hng do qu trnh khai thc:
Trong qu trnh khai thc, mt s va s d dng xy ra hin tng nhim bn khi ta khai
thc vi lu lng cao v lin tc lm xy ra hin tng gim p t ngt
S lng ng ca mui, paraffin, cht rn, qu trnh sinh ct, s to thnh hydrat v nh
tng trong qu trnh khai thc
nh hng do qu trnh sa cha v x l ging:
Do dung dch sa cha ging, vt liu to cu xi mng, va xi mng cn d trong
ging...
Dung dch dp ging (thng s dng l dung dch gc nc, nc bin x l bng
cht hot tnh b mt PAV v dung dch st) c t trng ln nn d dng xm nhp su vo
va
Hiu ng piston khi ko th b dng c sa cha ging, thit b o trong ging
Trong qu trnh x l ging cn c nguy c to kt ta trong cc ng chng v cc thit
b lng ging, nguy c to cc kt ta th sinh trong va
Cc thnh phn ht vn trong qu trnh nt va cng l nguyn nhn gy ra s nhim
bn tng sn phm

Cc phng php x l vng cn ay ging
X l bng c hc:
Phng php nt va thy lc, to xung thy lc, tri n to kh cao p
Thng c p dng cho nhng a tng cha rn chc, c xt.
X l bng ha hc:
Da trn cc phn ng hc hc xy ra gia cc dung dch axit vi cc a tng cha
Phng php x l bng dung dch axit, ra axit, bt axit, nhit axit, nh tng du
axit, axit trong iu kin p sut cao, nhit cao

Phng php vt l:
Nhm tch v lm sch cc cht rn lng ng, nc tn ti VCG bng cc cht PAV
Phng php nhit hc:
Dng nhit gim nht ca du nng, du cha nhiu parafin, nha hc n.
Phng php bm cht mang nhit, t nng VCG, x l nhit ha
Phng php kt hp:
Kt hp c hc v ho hc: nt va bng dung dch axit, bn tia thu lc bng dung
dch axit, dng tri n kt hp vi cht hot tnh b mt.
Kt hp ho nhit: S dng ha phm khi phn ng toa nhit, ho phm c nhit
cao kh parafin




Cc phng php x l vng cn ay ging
Phng php c hc
Nt va thy lc
c s dng ln u M vo 1947, VSP t 1994
Bn cht: bm dung dch v va (gc du hoc gc nc) vo ging vi p sut cao, lu
lng ln gy ra s v va to khe nt trong va, sau bm p hn hp cht long-ct vo
va chn p nhng khe nt to thnh vi mc ich m bo kh nng chy thm tt v duy tr
thm
p sut nt va trn b mt ca mo Bch H t 350-500at

Cc phng php x l vng cn ay ging
Phng php c hc
Nt va thy lc (tip)
Cht long nt va:
- Cht long gc nc: c to thnh ch yu t nc ngt hay nc bin kt hp cht to
gel v mt s cht ph gia khc. Cht long gc nc sn c, tn tht p lc do ma st thp v c
th s dng trong phm vi nhit ln.
- Cht long gc du: c tc dng tt i vi thm ca va so vi cht long gc nc, l
du th v sn phm du v cc cht ph gia gim tn tht mt cht long v lc cn
- Cht long nh tng: nh tng polime (D/N), nh tng dng bt (60-80% N
2,
nc,
PAV)
Khi nhit ay <60
0
C nn s dng du nht, gel, xng s dng nhit bt k.
Proppant: thng l ct nhn to (1 mm)
Thng p dng cc tng t a va dng khi, c xt; khng ph hp vi ging c dng
chy mnh ca nc ngm hoc kh; nhng ging c s c k thut (phn ay ging); ging b
tc nghn do s lng ng
Thng p dng tng Oligocene mo Bch H



Cc phng php x l vng cn ay ging
Phng php c hc
Nt va thy lc (tip)
S to thnh khe nt trong va:



S to thanh khe nt trong va trc va sau khi bm ep
trong k thut nt va khng s dng ht chn

Cc phng php x l vng cn ay ging
Phng php c hc (tip)
X l ging nh tri n to kh cao p
Tri n c kch thc nho PGD -42 (42mm) c th xung ging trn cp a vt l
qua ct OKT m khng cn phi dp ging.
Sau khi cht n bt la, xut hin lng kh n rt ln v P tng (t ti 160MPa) p
cht long trong vng x l vo va, m rng cc khe nt t nhin v to ra khe nt mi

u im: mt t thi gian v cng sc, va to ra khe nt mi va x l cc cht cn,
cc mnh vn, m rng khe nt c (vng t a chu ng thi tc ng c hc, nhit v ha l;
thi gian chy ca cc tri n 0,01- 0,03s)
C th kt hp vi cng ngh x l axit.

Nhc im: khe nt d b khp li, ct ng c th b bp mo, dy cp a vt l b xon
t v cc thit b trong ging b ket.
Cn phi tin hnh dp ging v ko ton b ct OKT ln vi ging t phun


Phm vi p dng:
Phng php ny c hiu qu trong tng Oligoxen, thng c s dng cc loi
ging sau:
- nhng va t a cng rn v lu lng ca ging thu c thp;
- nhng ging cha thu c du;
- nhng ging m lu lng gim xung do b tc nghn cc khe nt v s lng ng
ca xi mng, mui parafin v mt s cht khc.



Cc phng php x l vng cn ay ging
Phng php c hc (tip)
X l VCG bng to xung thy lc
Bn cht: Th my to xung thy lc vo ging ti khong va sn phm. Khi my to xung
thy lc lm vic to ra cc sng xung vi tn s v bin khc
Di tc ng ca sng xung va p thy lc to nn nhng khe nt mi v m rng
nhng khe nt c sn trong t a va v lm sch VCG
My to xung thng dng: GB3-85 (k ngoi 85mm), GB3-108, GB3-135
Cht long cng tc: du th, dung dch HCl, du hoa
Phm vi p dng:
Trong cc ging b nhim bn do qu trnh m va
VCG c cha hn hp st, ging c P cao v K nho
VCG c la chn x l bng phng php axit, PAV, nt va thy lc
u im: C th gim
o
,ph hy paraffin...
Nhc im: Gy bin dng ng, sp l, gy mt n nh cc b t a quanh khu vc x
l





Cc phng php x l vng cn ay ging
Phng php nhit
Bn cht: bm cht mang nhit vo vng cn ay ging hoc t nng (trc tip) VCG
i tng x l: i tng x l bng phng php ny thng l cc ging khai thc du
nng c thnh phn parafin cao (5 6%) v cc ging nng, thng c su khng qu
1300m.
Cc phng php x l:
- Dng ngun nhit cp t b mt: gm hi qu nhit, kh nng, nc nng, du nng
- Dng ngun nhit sinh ra ti ch (ti lng ging, trong vng cn ay ging hoc c
hai):nung nng bng dng c in, gy chy ti ch, sinh nhit bng phn ng ha hc toa nhit
(mui axit + Mg)
Phng php ha hc
Bn cht: da trn c s l cc phn ng ha hc xy ra gia cc cht ha phm pha ch
bm vo ging (ch yu l axit + PAV) vi a cha (c hm lng thnh phn cacbonat).
i tng x l.:
Ging khai thc hoc ging bm p trong a tng cha l a vi, lmit, cacbonat, st,
silic:
X l b mt nhm tch lp vo st, lp xi mng, ha tan cc cht lng ng, kt ta, nhng
sn phm n mn do chnh thao tc x l trc gy ra.

Cc phng php x l vng cn ay ging
Phng php ha hc
X l axit bnh thng
Bn cht: hn hp dung dch axit (axit HCl, axit HF, axit acetic CH
3
COOH cng vi cht
chng n mn) c bm p vo VCG nh mt my bm. Ch phn ng xy ra, tin hnh gi
dng sn phm trong va v anh gi hiu qu.
u im: n gin v thi gian x l nhanh.
Nhc im: tc n mn cao, khng xm nhp su vo va, cn nhiu kinh nghim
chn thi gian gi axit hp l.
Phm vi p dng: Phng phap x ly ny c th p dng i vi va c nhit thp v
c hiu qu cao trong tng Mioxen.
Ra axit
Bn cht: Hn hp dung dch axit c tnh ton v bm vo vng ay ging m khng
c p su vo VCG. Ch phn ng xy ra v bm ra ngc a sn phm ca phn ng
i ln, lm sch ay ging
Dng loi bo: vo st, xi mng, nha, paraffin, x kim loi
Thng dng vi ging thn trn



Cc phng php x l vng cn ay ging
Phng php ha hc (tip)
X l axit di tc dng ca p sut ln
Khc vi x l axit thng, x l axit di tc dng ca p sut cao c tin hnh khi
dung dch axit c bm p vo va di p sut 200 300 at hoc ln hn nh hai hoc mt s
my bm lm vic ng thi
X l ging bng axit trong iu kin nhit va cao (100
0
C)
Khi tin hnh x l axit trong iu kin nhit va cao cn t c:
-Dung dch axit tc ng c su vo va
- Chng s n mn ca dung dch axit vi cc TBLG
Phng php:
Axit + cht c ch n mn kim loi (khng ph hp vi nhit cao ~150
0
C)
Nh tng du axit
Bt axit




Cc phng php x l vng cn ay ging
Phng php ha hc (tip)
X l ging bng axit trong iu kin
nhit va cao (100
0
C) (tip)
Nh tng du axit:
-Nh tng du axit: axit/HC (du th
hoc du diezen).
- Khi nh du axit lm gim b mt
tip xc gia axit th hn hp ny i
su vo va hn so vi hn hp axit
bnh thng, ng thi lm gim kh
nng n mn kim loi ca axit.
-u im: nht thp, kh nng
xm nhp cao v n nh trong iu
kin nhit cao
- Thng dng x l cc ging
trong tng Mng v Oligocene




Cc phng php x l vng cn ay ging
Phng php ha hc (tip)
X l ging bng axit trong iu kin nhit va cao (100
0
C) (tip)
Dung dch bt - axit:
-Bn cht: bm hn hp dung dch bt to ra bi dung dch axit vi kh Nit cng vi cht
hot tnh b mt v bm p vo va sn phm. Khi tin hnh x l s dng my bm axit
chuyn dng v my nn kh
- u im:
Do b mt tip xc gia axit v t a gim nn vn tc ha tan gia dung dch vi t
a chm, lm tng chiu su tc ng ca dung dch vo va
T trng ca dung dch bt axit nho (0,3-0,8), nht ln lm tng ang k kh nng
tc ng ca axit ln ton b b dy va sn phm c m
- Nhc im: Cng ngh phc tp, c bit ch ti cng tc an ton
-p dng: Phng php ny c p dng khi chiu dy va sn phm tng i ln v p
sut va nho
- Thng dng x l cc ging trong tng Oligocene




Cc phng php x l vng cn ay ging
Phng php ha hc (tip)
X l ha nhit v x l nhit axit
- X l ha-nhit l qu trnh x l ging bng axit mui nng.Dung dch c t nng nh
tc dng nhit ca phn ng nhit xy ra trn ay ging gia axit mui vi cht phn ng th
hai (axit + Mg)
- X l nhit axit: giai on u l x l bng ha nhit, giai on 2 l x l bng axit bnh
thng
X l bng axit-st
-Axit st (hn hp axit HF HCl) thng c dng cho x l vng cn ay ging va cha
collector lc nguyn (vi hm lng Ca, Mg < 0,5%)
LDDK vietsovpetro thng s dng 0,4 m
3
n 0,5m
3
dung dch axit /1m chiu dy hiu
dng
Xc nh khi lng ha phm pha ch hn hp axit
Th tch axit cn thit pha ch 1m
3
dung dch vi nng cho trc:
V= 10.a./A , (l)
a: nng axit cn phi pha ch
: khi lng ring ca dung dch axit tng ng vi nng pha ch (g/cm
3
)
A: hm lng axit nguyn cht trong 1 lt dung dch axit c tnh sn (kg/l)



Bi tp: Xc nh lng dung dch p v dung dch axit x l VCG cho bit:
ng chng 194: chiu dy 12mm
ng chng 140: chiu dy 9,8mm
Cn HKT 73: chiu dy 5,51mm,
Cn HKT 89: chiu dy 6,45mm
Khong cch t bn roto n mt bch u tin ca ging: 15m
Nhit va: 145
o
C
p sut va: 320at

Cc phng php x l vng cn ay ging