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REPORT
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I HOARE LEA
Consulting Engineers
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6th Floor Royal Exchange
I Cross Street
Manchester
M27FL
I Tel: 0161 834 4754
Fax: 0161 834 4762 FIRE STRATEGY REPORT

GRIMSBY INSTITUTE

CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING

3.0 STATUTORY GUIDANCE

4.0 MEANS OF WARNING AND ESCAPE - GRIMSBY INSTITUTE ACCOMMODATION

5.0 MEANS OF WARNING AND ESCAPE - UNIVERSITY CENTRE ACCOMMODATION

6.0 INTERNAL FIRE SPREAD (LININGS)

7.0 INTERNAL FIRE SPREAD (STRUCTURE)

8.0 EXTERNAL FIRE SPREAD

9.0 FIRE SERVICE ACCESS

10.0 CONCLUSIONS

Date Comments Version Author Reviewer
issued
12.06.08 Fire Strategy Report 1 IH GO
19.06.08 Revised to include comments 2 IH GO
30.10.08 Stage E report 3 IH SB
07.11.08 Revised based on partial sprinkler 4 IH SB
coverage
11.12.08 Revised based' on provision of 5 IH GD
smoke clearance to atrium REP-1901831·IH·11-111208

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VALIDITY

This report is provided for the stated purposes and for the sole use of Grimsby Institute who are the named Client. It will be confidential to the Client and the Client's professional advisers. Hoare Lea & Partners accepts responsibility to the Client alone that the report has been prepared with the skill, care and diligence of a competent engineer, but accepts no responsibility whatsoever to any parties other than the Client.

Any such parties rely upon the report al their own risk. Neither the whole nor any part of the report nor reference to it may be included in any published document. circular or statement nor published in any way without Hoare Lea & Partners' written approval of the form and content in which it may appear.

The conclusions of this report are subject to issue and review by Statutory Authority.

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1.0 ,INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this report is to provide a fire engineering assessment of the proposed Grimsby Institute development. The report will address the issues relating to means of escape, internal fire spread, external fire spread and Fire Service access.

This report describes a fire safety strategy for the building, which will form part of the formal Building Regulations application for the development.

2,0

DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING

It is proposed that the building is constructed on the current Grimsby Institute site at Nun's Corner.

The building will consist of two blocks of Grimsby Institute accommodation (North and South Block) as well as a University Centre arranged around a large central atrium.

The Grimsby Institute accommodation is provided with three storeys above Ground floor level while the University Centre is provided with four storeys above Ground floor level.

2.1

Purpose Group Classification

The students of the College are generally in excess of 16 years in age, and therefore, the building is considered as Assembly and Recreational use, in accordance with Table D1 of the AD-B, rather than as a conventional school associated with young children.

2.2

Accommodation

Although the building is classed as an assembly and recreation building it will also contain ancillary accommodation, including;

• IT suites;
• Classrooms;
• Offices
• Laboratories
• LRC
• Restaurant
• Retail premises 2.3

Bui/ding Height

Height of each floor is shown in Table 2.4 below.

Table 2.4 - Finished floor heights

Floor Height above Ground (m)
First 4.05
Second 8.1
Third 12.15
Fourth 16.2 2,4 Vertical Circulation

The building is provided with twelve protected stairs as well as a number of open accommodation stairs. Each stair is 1200mm in width and can be accessed from each floor level. Each stair is provided with protected lobby access at each floor level.

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FIRE STRATEGY REPORT

Diagram 2.4 - Vertical circulation

Stair 2

Stair 9

Stair 8

Stair 7, ..

2.5 Building Occupancy

The maximum occupancy of the building is currenlly unknown. Therefore, it is proposed to assess the means of escape using an assumed occupancy based on the classroom layouts, as detailed in Table 2.5 below. However, this occupancy does not include the occupants of the lecture theatre.

Table 2.5 - Occupancy levels

Floor Grimsby Institute University Centre Total
Ground 1350 200 1550
First 900 175 1075
Second 800 175 975
Third 400 175 575
Fourth - 175 175
Total 3450 900 4350 REP-1901831-1H-11-111208

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2.6 Sprinklers

It is proposed that the building is provided with sprinkler system coverage to the main atrium compartment and the University Centre only.

The system is required to be. designed in accordance with BS EN 12845 including adequate protection between the sprinklered and unsprinklered areas of the building.

GRIMSBY INSTITUTE

FIRE STRATEGY REPORT

Diagram 2.6 - Diagram of sprinkler coverage

3.0

STATUTORY GUIDANCE

3.1

Building Regulations

It is proposed to review the building using current guidance. Therefore the building will be subject to the requirements of the 8uilding Regulations 2000. It will be necessary, therefore, for it to meet the requirements of Schedule 1 of the Regulations relating to:

•

81 (Means of warning and escape); 82 (Internal fire spread (linings);

83 (Internal fire spread (structure)); 84 (External fire spread);

85 (Access and facilities for the fire service).

•

•

•

•

Guidance on how these functional requirements can be achieved is provided in Approved Document B" Fire Safety (the 'AD-B'). AD-B is one of several Approved Documents issued by the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) to provide guidance for some of the more common building arrangements.

However, there is no obligation to adopt any particular solution contained in the document. The document recognises that the functional requirements can also be demonstrated to have been satisfied by alternative solutions not contained within the AD-8. Such alternative solutions are acceptable, on the basis that an equivalent level of fire safety to that provided by the standard solutions can be demonstrated.

3.2

The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order

Much of the existing fire safety legislation, such as The Fire Precautions Act (which requires some premises to have a Fire Certificate), and the Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations (which requires employers to conduct a fire risk assessment) have been repealed and replaced by The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order (the "RRO").

This legislation is based on risk-appropriate compliance and requires a fire risk assessment to be carried out. The fire service will conduct inspections of premises to enforce the regulations. Whilst a guidance document has been produced by the government to assist in the preparation of the risk assessment, it should be noted that this document should not be used to desiqn the building - the building design should focused on satisfying the functional requirements of the Building Regulations.

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...

GRIMSBY INSTITUTE

FIRE STRATEGY REPORT

3.3 Building Bulletin 100

However the Scope of SS 100 states:

Approved Document B recommends that the design of fire safety in school is covered by Building Bulletin 100 (SS 100).

"The guidance applies to nursery schools, primary and secondary schools, including sixth form col/eges, academies and city technology col/eges and pupil referral units. Sixth form colleges designated as Institutions of Further Education are covered by Approved Document B but BB 100 provides useful supplementary guidance on the design of educational buildings for students up to the age of 19. "

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The Grimsby Institute is an Institution of Further Education and it is, therefore, proposed to assess the building based on the guidance provided in AD-S for a place of assembly and recreation.

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GRIMSBY INSTITUTE

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4.0

MEANS OF WARNING AND ESCAPE - GRIMSBY INSTITUTE ACCOMMODATION

4.1

Functional Requirements

The building shall be designed and constructed so that there are appropriate provisions for the early warning of fire, and appropriate means of escape in case of fire from the building to a place of safety outside the building capable of being safely and effectively used at a/l material times.

4.2

Means of Warning

Under the recommendations of Approved Document S, as a minimum, assembly and recreation buildings should be provided with an electrically operated fire detection and alarm system, comprising of manual call points that are used to activate the audible fire alarm system. However, notwithstanding the minimum requirements of Approved Document S, it is recognised that an automatic fire detection and alarm system will have significant life safely benefits in a building such as this.

It is proposed that the building will be provided throughout with an addressable automatic fire alarm system in accordance with SS 5839: Part 1 (2002) to a minimum of an L2 standard. Manual call points will also be provided throughout the building in accordance with the British Standards. The provision of such automatic detection will provide a significant fire safety enhancement over a similar 'code compliant' building provided with a manual alarm system only.

4.3 Horizontal Means of Escape

4.3.1 General means of escape principles

4.3.1.1 Storey Exit Widths

The width of any escape route is dependant on the number of person required to use the route. Minimum escape route widths should not be less than the following:-

• Maximum of 60 persons - 750mm;

• Maximum of 110 persons - 850mm;

• Maximum of 220 persons - 1050mm;

• >220 persons - 5mm per person.

Where the number of persons that may use an escape route exceeds 60 persons, the doors along the escape route should be arranged to open in the direction of escape (this includes

final exit doors). •

4.3.1.2 Travel Distances

AD-S recommends a maximum travel distance within assembly and recreation accommodation (allowing for internal fit-out) of 18m for single direction escape and 45m when escape is possible in more than one direction.

However, where the internal layout is unknown it is considered reasonable to assess the internal travel distances based on direct travel distance, which is taken as 2/3"J of the 18m/45m recommended travel distances.

4.3.1.3 Inner rooms

Any room which requires escape through a single adjoining room, without access to an alternative means of escape, is called an inner room. Such a room is limited to a maximum population of 60 persons.

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4.3.1.4 Escape via voids

Approved Document B recommends that occupants should not pass within 4.5m of the void when escaping unless:

• the direction of travel is away from the void or

• there is an alternative means of escape which does not pass within 4.5m of the void.

4.3.2 Automatic Doors

AD-B recommends that automatic and revolving doors should not be placed across escape routes unless:

i. they are arranged to fail safely to outward opening from any position of opening; or

ii. are provided with a monitored failsafe system for opening the doors if the mains supply fails; or

iii. they fail safely to the open position in the event of power failure; or

iv. non automatic swing doors of the required width are provided immediately adjacent to the revolving or automatic door.

4.3.3 Ground floor

4.3.3.1 Travel distances

The North Block is provided with workshop accommodation as well as Animal Care and Sports Hall accommodation.

The occupants of the Animal Care and Sports accommodation are provided with three dedicated escape routes direct to outside as well as an additional exit via the central atrium. The occupants of this accommodation are generally considered to be provided with escape which is available within the 18m/45m travel distance limits.

However, the occupants of room H23 are provided with a single direction travel distance of approximately 29m. On this basis, it is proposed to provide an alternative exit via the main atrium.

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Diagram 4.3.3.1 (a) - Single direction travel distance

The occupants of the Kitchen accommodation and associated stores are provided with a single means of escape via a circulation corridor to the central atrium. However, an alternative exit through

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FIRE STRATEGY REPORT

the central stores area is provided such that the travel distances are considered to be within the recommended limits.

The occupants of the workshops are provided with escape direct to outside as well as via the central atrium or final exit doors of the adjacent stairs. The internal layout of the workshops is currently unknown. Therefore, it is considered necessary to assess the travel distances based on the direct travel distance, taken as 2/3rds of the recommended 18m/45m travel distance limits (i.e. 12m/30m). Escape is considered to be available within the 30m direct distance.

Occupants of the Library Study Area are provided with escape via the final exit of Stair 8 as well as via the adjacent accommodation. The occupants of the Library Study area are considered to be within the 45m travel distance limit to the nearest exit.

The occupants of the adjacent teaching accommodation are considered to be proved with escape via the door at the foot of the adjacent accommodation stair as well as via the Library Study Area. However, this will require the doors to the Library Study Area to be provided as duel swing doors.

4.3.3.2 Inner rooms

The Ground floor is provided with a number of possible inner rooms and inner-inner rooms (i.e Estate workshop, storerooms) this is not considered unreasonable based on the provision of a low occupancy of the rooms, ancillary nature of the spaces, as well as an L2 Automatic Fire Detection system throughout.

However, the Refectory Servery Area is currently considered as an inner-inner room from the kitchen accommodation. On this basis, it is recommended to provide the Kitchen Servery Area with an alternative means of escape via the main atrium.

4.3.3.3 Exit widths

The Ground floor is considered to be provided with twelve exits direct to outside as well as those from the workshops.

The occupants of the workshops are generally considered to escape direct to outside. On this basis, each exit from the workshops should be no less than 850mm wide.

The worst case assumption is considered to be a fire in a workshop such that the occupants of the workshop of fire origin escape via the central atrium and adjacent exits. On this basis, approximately 1350 occupants are assumed to escape via the 12 available exits. Therefore, each storey exit should be no less than 1050mm wide.

The Sports Hall is 586m2 in area. Whilst the maximum occupancy of this space is generally considered to be low it is recognised that space may occasionally be used for high density events such as exams. On this basis, it is proposed to calculate the maximum occupancy based on 1 m2/person. Therefore, the maximum occupancy of the Sports Hall is considered to be 586 persons.

Based on the assumption that a fire discounts the two exits which lead into the circulation corridor the two remaining exits are required to accommodate the entire occupancy of the Sports Hall. Based on the provision of two 1500mm wide exits the total escape capacity (600) from the Sports Hall is considered to be in excess of the anticipated worst case occupancy (586).

4.3.4 First floor

4.3.4.1 Travel distances

The occupants of the First floor are provided with escape via the ten protected escape stairs.

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GRIMSBY INSTITUTE

FIRE STRATEGY REPORT

Escape is generally considered to be provided to the stairs within the 18m/4Sm travel distance limits. However, it is recommended that a clear demarcated route is maintained through the FE library (N21) and Assessment Room (V02) and that any doors on the escape route are provided with locks which are linked into the fire alarm system and fail open on detection.

4.3.4.2 Escape widths

The First floor is provided with an occupancy of approximately 900 persons (SOD persons North Block and 400 persons South Block). Based on the assumption that a single storey exit is blocked, and that occupants can not access the adjacent block, each storey exit is required to be no less than 10S0mm.

4.3.S Second floor

Due to the step back, the North block accommodation is provided only to the Eastern section of the building. Therefore, escape is available via seven stairs.

4.3.5.1 Travel distances

The Second floor travel distances are generally considered to be within the 18m/4Sm travel distance limits. However, the occupants of the Construction Staff area are provided wilh an excessive single direction travel distance (28m) 10 the nearest stair (Stair 3). Therefore, it is recommended to provide an additional escape route via the roof to Stair 2.

It is not considered unreasonable to provide an escape route via the roof on the basis that this is for staff members only.

The external escape route and all supporting elements of structure are required to be provided with a minimum of 30 minutes fire resistance.

4.3.5.2 Escape widths

The Second floor level is provided with an occupancy of approximately 800 persons (300 North Block and SOO South block). Based on the assumption only the small number of occupants of the Construction Staff area escape via the roof escape route, each storey exit is required to be no less than 10S0mm wide.

4.3.6 Third floor

4.3.6.1 Travel distances

The building steps back further at Third floor level such that accommodation is provided to the South block only. Escape is provided via stairs 7 to 10. Travel distances on the Third floor level are considered to be within the 18m/45m travel distance limits.

4.3.6.2 Escape widths

The Third floor level is provided with an occupancy of approximately 400 persons. Based on the assumption that one of the four available storey exits is blocked, each exit is required to accommodate approximately 133 persons. Therefore, each storey exit should be no less than 1050mm wide.

4.3.7 Escape via voids

The occupants of the Grimsby Institute accommodation are not considered to pass within 4.Sm of the central atrium void to escape as escape is generally considered to be away from the void edge.

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Whilst it is recognised that occupants are required to pass within 4.5m of the open accommodation stairs when escaping this is not considered unreasonable on the basis that an alternative means of escape is available which does not pass the open connection.

4.3.8 Escape from the Theatre

The Lecture Theatre is located to the East of the South Block in the main Grimsby Institute accommodation. It is proposed that escape is provided at the front of the Theatre over two floor levels.

The Theatre is a double height space which extends from First to Second floor level and is provided with raked seating. Escape is possible via the First and Second floor levels into the corridor adjacent to Stair 7. On this basis, it is considered reasonable to assume that the Lecture Theatre is provided with two means of escape and is therefore, permitted an occupancy in excess of 60 persons. Based on the provision of a protected corridor at Second floor level it is considered reasonable to assume that a fire will not discount both exits at the same time.

Notwithstanding this, it is proposed to provide an alternative means of escape from the Lecture Theatre via the accommodation stair into the central atrium. This is not considered unreasonable based on the provision of compartment construction to separate the Lecture Theatre from the atrium, such that the occupants are escaping to the relative safety of an adjacent compartment which is provided with sprinkler protection. In addition, the occupants escaping via the accommodation stair are considered to be provided with a short travel distance from the foot of the stair to the storey exit.

30 minutes fire rated protected corridor.

It is considered reasonable to assume that this escape route is only required in the event of a fire within the Lecture Theatre, which blocks access to the one of the escape routes into the protected escape stair (Stair 7).

The occupants of the lecture Theatre are considered to be provided with escape which is within the recommended travel distance limits. Escape within the Theatre is generally considered to be within the recommended 32m travel distance limit when measured to the. exit doors from the Theatre.

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GRIMSBY INSTITUTE

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ARE STRATEGY REPORT

It is proposed that the Theatre is provided with an occupancy of approximately 540 persons. Based on the assumption that one of the escape routes described above is blocked, the remaining exits are required to accommodate approximately 270 persons. Therefore, each exit should be no less than 1350mm wide.

4.4 Vertical Means of Escape

4.4.1 Protected lobbies

Each stair is provided with access via a protected corridor or lobby at each floor level which is provided with minimum of 30 minutes fire resistance and FD 308 fire doors.

On this basis, it is not considered necessary to discount a full stair when assessing the required escape widths.

4.4.2 Stair sizing

The Grimsby Institute building is provided with ten 1200mm wide escape stairs. However, due to the step back of the building some stairs do not serve every floor level. The combined escape capacity of the stairs is shown in Table 4.4.2 below.

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Table 4.4.2 - Stair escape capacity

Stair Escape capacity
1 240
2 240
3 285
4 285
5 285
6 240
7 330
S 330
9 330
10 330
Total 2895 The stairs are provided with protected lobby approach at each floor level. On this basis, it is not considered necessary to discount a stair when assessing the available escape capacity.

The combined escape capacity of the stairs serving the North Block (1575) is in excess of the assumed occupancy of the upper floor levels (SOO).

The escape capacity of the stairs serving the South Block (1320) is in excess of the assumed occupancy of the upper floor levels (1300).

Therefore. based on the assumption that occupants will evenly distribute between the available escape stairs it is considered reasonable to assume that the provision of ten 1200mm wide escape stairs meets the functional requirements of the Building Regulations.

4.4.3 Final Exits

The final exits of Stairs 4 and 5 discharge into a partially covered external yard.

The width of the yard is approximately Sm, which includes the 1.8m required for escape. Adjacent to the exit route occupants will have to travel past a roller shutter, which is approximately 6m from the escape route.

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In accordance with Section 5.24 and 5.25 of Approved Document B, external walls within 1.8m of the escape route should be protected to at least 30 minutes (integrity only) fire resistance, to allow occupants to pass safely. It is proposed that the roller shutter provides 60 minutes fire resistance and is activated using smoke detection and fusible link detectors and is therefore considered unlikely to fail.

4.5

Emergency lighting provision

All common escape routes should be provided with adequate artificial lighting, with lighting to the escape stairs being on a separate circuit from that supplying any other part of the escape route. In addition all escape routes and communal areas should be provided with emergency lighting complying with BS 5266: Part 1.

4.6

Signage

Every common escape route, other than those in ordinary use, should be distinctively and conspicuously marked by emergency exit signage complying with the recommendations of BS 5499: Part 1 and the Health and Safety (Safety sign and signals) Regulations 1996.

4.7

Disabled Persons

Each staircase should be provided with disabled refuges in each stair core in accordance with ADB. Each refuge should be provided with a minimum dimension of 900mm x 1400mm.

Appropriate two way communication devices should be provided to each refuge. AD-B recommends that the system should comply with BS 5839 Part 9 (2003) and should comprise of Type B outstations which communicate with a master station located adjacent to the fire alarm panel.

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5.0

MEANS OF WARNING AND ESCAPE - UNIVERSITY CENTRE

5.1

Functional Requirements

The building shall be designed and constructed so that there are appropriate provisions for the early warning of fire, and appropriate means of escape in case of fire from the building to a place of safety outside the building capable of being safely and effectively used at all material times.

5.2 Means of Warning

1\ is proposed that the University Centre is provided with Automatic Fire Detection coverage which is linked to the main Grimsby Institute accommodation to an L2 standard.

This is considered to provide a significantly earlier warning to the occupants of the University Centre compared to a code compliant Manual call point system.

5.3 Horizontal Means of Escape

5.3.1 Travel distance

The Ground floor occupants are currenlly provided with escape via the main atrium of the building as well as an alternative means of escape via a dedicated corridor to the North elevation of the University Centre. On this basis, the maximum travel distance from the base of the atrium is considered to be within the 18m/45m limits.

The occupants of the upper floor levels (First - Fourth) are provided with access to two protected escape stairs within the 45m travel distance limit.

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However, this will require a protected escape route to be provided via the roof top plant space to the stair located on the Northern facade of the University Centre.

5.3.2 Escape width

Each of the upper floor levels is considered to have an occupancy of approximately 175 persons. Therefore, based on the assumption that a single storey exit is blocked, each exit is required to accommodate the entire occupancy of a single floor level, therefore, each storey exit should be no less than 1050mm wide.

5.3.3 Escape via the void

The upper floor levels of the University Centre are arranged around a central atrium which is provided with balcony access to classrooms on the North elevation. This will require occupants to pass within 4.5m of the void edge in the event of a fire.

However, this is not considered to be unreasonable based on the guidance contained in Building Bulletin 100 (BB 100), which is used in the design of school buildings. Whilst it is not proposed to apply the guidance contained in BB 100 to the building it is considered reasonable to draw a comparison to the guidance contained in the document.

BB 100 recommends that the occupants of a fully sprinklered school building are allowed to pass within 4.5m of the void edge when escaping, for a maximum travel distance of 18m, when escape is possible in more than one direction.

Therefore, it is not considered unreasonable to provide escape within 4.5m of the void edge in the University Centre based on the provision of a sprinkler system and the age of the occupants (i.e. mature students who can self evacuate).

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Whilst it is recognised that two of the classrooms are located slightly in excess of the 18m travel distance limit, this is not considered unreasonable based on the provision of an enhanced Automatic Fire Detection system, which will provide occupants with a much earlier warning compared to a code compliant system.

Diagram 5.3.3 - Escape via voids

Travel distance on balcony approximately 22m from these rooms.

5.4 Vertical Means of Escape

5.4.1 Protected lobbies

Both of the protected escape stairs are provided with access via a protected lobby at each floor level, in accordance with the guidance contained in Approved Document B.

5.4.2

Stair sizing

Each stair is 1200mm in width and serves four floor levels. In accordance with the guidance contained in Table 7 of Approved Document B each stair is provided with an escape capacity of 375 persons.

On this basis, the combined escape capacity from the upper floor levels (First - Fourth) is equal to 750 persons, which is in excess of the assumed occupancy of 700 persons. Therefore, the means of escape from the University Centre is considered to meet the functional requirements of the Building Regulations.

5.5

Emergency lighting provision

All common escape routes should be provided with adequate artificial lighting, with lighting to the escape stairs being on a separate circuit from that supplying any other part of the escape route. In addition all escape routes and communal areas should be provided with emergency lighting complying with BS 5266: Part 1.

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GRIMSBY INSTITUTE

Each staircase should be provided with disabled refuges in each stair core in accordance with AOB. Each refuge should be provided with a minimum dimension of 900mm x 1400mm.

FIRE STRATEGY REPORT

5.6 Signage

Every common escape route, other than those in ordinary use, should be distinctively and conspicuously marked by emergency exit signage complying with the recommendations of BS 5499: Part 1 and the Health and Safety (Safety sign and signals) Regulations 1996.

5.7 Disabled Persons

Appropriate two way communication devices should be provided to each refuge. AO-B recommends that the system should comply with BS 5839 Part 9 (2003) and should comprise of Type B outstations which communicate with a master station located adjacent to the fire alarm panel

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6.0

B2 - INTERNAL FIRE SPREAD (LININGS)

6.1

Functional Requirements

To inhibit the spread of fire within the building the interna/linings shall adequately resist the spread of flame over their surfaces; and have, if ignited, either a rate of heat release or a rate of fire growth, which is reasonable in the circumstances. In this paragraph "interna/linings" mean the materials or products used in any partition, wall, ceiling or other internal structure.

6.2

Wall and Ceiling Linings

The wall and/or ceiling linings will satisfy the following classifications given in the AD-B, when tested under either the National Classifications, in accordance with BS 476 or under the European classifications in accordance with BS EN 13501-1 :2002.

Table 6.2

Summary of wall and ceiling classifications.

National Class European Class
Small rooms not exceeding 30m~ 3 0-s3, d2
Other rooms 1 C-s3, d2
Circulations spaces (including means of escape 0 8-s3, d2
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7.0 B3 -INTERNAL FIRE SPREAD (STRUCTURE)

7.1 F u nctiona I Requ i remen ts

The building shall be designed and constructed so that, in the event of fire, its stability will be maintained for a reasonable period. A wall common to two or more buildings shall be designed and constructed so that it adequately resists the spread of fire between those buildings. Where reasonably necessary to inhibit the spread of fire within the building, measures shall be taken, to an extent appropriate to the size and intended use of the building, comprising either or both of; subdivision of the building with fire-resisting construction, installation of suitable automatic fire suppression systems. The building shall be designed and constructed so that the unseen spread of fire and smoke within concealed spaces in its structure and fabric is inhibited.

7.2 Loadbearing Elements of Structure

In accordance with Approved Document B, all loadbearing elements of structure, including the structural frame, beams, columns, load bearing walls, and floor structures should be provided with 60 minutes fire resistance.

7.3 Compartmentation

7.3.1 Compartment floors

Under the guidance of Section B3 of AD-B there is no requirement for compartment floors to be provided in this building. Therefore, the provision of voids linking floor levels is not considered unreasonable and it is not proposed to apply the guidance contained in BS 5588 Part 7.

7.3.2 Compartment size

In accordance with Approved Document B the maximum compartment size in a sprinklered assembly and recreation building should not exceed 4000m2• However, the central atrium is in excess of the 4000m2 limit.

We believe that the provision of an increased central atrium compartment size at Ground floor level is reasonable based on the following design features.

Comparison to a single storey assembly and recreation

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Under the guidance of Approved Document B it is possible to provide an assembly and recreation building with a maximum compartment size which is unlimited. However, the provision of a small amount of additional accommodation provided within the compartment at the upper floor levels is considered to provide a minimal amount of additional risk.

Sprinkler controlled fire

The atrium will be provided with a sprinkler system such that the maximum fire size is likely to be much smaller compared to an unsprinklered building.

Provision of circulation space within the atrium compartment

The atrium is provided with a large amount of circulation space such that the net floor area is less than total gross area and therefore the area of fire loading is likely to be less than 4000m2.

ETFE roof liglJfs in the roof

Should the sprinklers fail, and the fire grow in size, the three roof lights will 'melt'. For example Vector Folletec melts at temperatures above 200°C while Buitink Technology ETFE foils melt at

GRIMSBY INSTITUTE

FIRE STRATEGY REPORT

=!I =! =1 =! =! :1

~ =I =!I =I :.

=I :j

=!t =! =I :jt

=I :!J =1 ~ :t J.I

approximately 275°C. Whilst confirmation of the ETFE roof properties are currently unknown, it is considered reasonable to assume, based on these melling temperatures, thaI in the unlikely event that the sprinklers fail to control the fire and subsequent smoke temperature, it is likely that the ETFE will provide approximately 460m2 of ventilation. This will increase the ventilation and therefore reduce the risk of flashover.

Large atrium volume

Rapid fire spread generally occurs via decomposition of combustible items as a result of the hot gas layer located in the ceiling (fire spread via radiant heat transfer from items located on the atrium base would not be expected to rapidly occur). However, the ceiling is high, and the potential for a very hot smoke layer in the ceiling resulting in flashover is considered remote.

Good Fire Service access

Good fire service access is assumed to allow the fire service to access the seat of the fire during early fire growth and commence fire fighting operations prior to flashover.

Smoke clearance

Section 0.28 of Approved Document B states that:

'A building containing an atrium passing through compartment floors may need special fire safety measures. Guidance on suitable safety measures in these circumstances is to be found in BS 5588- 7'

However, under the guidance of Approved Document 8 it is not considered necessary to provide compartment floors within the Grimsby Institute and il is, therefore, the guidance of 8S 5588-7 has not been applied.

On this basis, it is not considered necessary to provide a smoke control system and associated downstands within the atrium.

However, it is worth noting that smoke control systems are generally only considered necessary in buildings such as shopping centres, \0 maintain a clear layer in the mall area and control the temperature of the buoyant smoke layer such that the mall may be considered as a place of relative safety, or, to assist the Fire Service access deep seated fires during fire fighting operations.

However, based on escape routes which are generally not required to pass through the atrium plus good fire service access to the oversized compartment, which will allow them to access the seat of the fire from multiple points in the building perimeter, smoke control is not considered necessary in this building.

Whilst it is noted that occupants of the South block are required to access the central atrium to access the escape stairs, this is not considered unreasonable based on the provision of enhanced Automatic Fire Detection and travel distances to the nearest stair, which are within the recommended travel distance limits. In addition, escape is not within 4.5m of the void and meets the guidance given in Approved Document S.

Nevertheless, it is reco~nised that the building is provided with a single compartment which is in excess of the 4000m limit permitted for a sprinklered assembly and recreational building. Therefore, it is proposed to provide a smoke clearance system which will utilise the louvered upstands to the three ETFE openings at roof level. It is proposed that the vents will also be linked into the fire alarm system and open on detection. In addition to the provision of sprinklers within the atrium this is considered to limit the maximum smoke temperature within the atrium (by allowing hot gases and smoke to vent to outside air).

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Whilst it is not proposed to apply the guidance of BS 5588-7 it is noted that this recommends an area of vent equal to 10%. of the plan area of the atrium base for smoke clearance. However, due to the majority of the atrium base being provided as fire sterile circulation space it is proposed to calculate the area of smoke clearance required based on the plan area of fire loading.

It is not proposed to include the classroom accommodation in the area of fire loading as this is separated from the central atrium by smoke retarding construction.

On this basis, the area of fire loading is approximately 871m2 in area. Therefore, the provision of 170m2 of natural vents (approximately equal to 19% of the area of fire loading) is considered to provide adequate smoke clearance based on the availabilily of the fire service to also use Positive Pressure Ventilation from a number of access points in the building perimeter.

On this basis, the provision of a smoke clearance system only is considered to be reasonable.

7.3.3 Separation of the University Centre

The University Centre is currently open to the central atrium. Therefore, in order to limit the floor area of the central atrium as far as reasonably possible it is considered necessary to separate the University Centre from the central atrium using fjre rated construction. This can be in the form of the following:

• Fire rated shutters

• Sprinkler protected toughened glazing

• Fire rated glazing

Based on the provision of compartment construction separating the University Centre from the main atrium, as well as a sprinkler system within the University Centre it is not considered necessary to provide smoke control to the University Centre.

7.3.4 Fire rated glazing

Whilst it is proposed to locate the lines of compartmenlation within the building along the solid lines of the corridor, rather than the construction separating the atrium from the teaching accommodation, it is recognised that the compartment construction separating the central atrium from the University Centre at Ground floor level will be provided with a relatively large amount of glazing.

However, based on the provision of a sprinkler system throughout the central atrium and University Centre, it may be considered cost effective to provide the glazing separating these compartments as toughened/laminated glazing only, and protected with sprinklers in lieu of fire resisting construction. This will include providing additional sprinkler heads adjacent to the glazing to allow the sprinkler spray to impinge on the glazing, therefore cooling the glazed element and preventing failure in a fire condition.

It is proposed that the general recommendations provided in NFPA Life Safety Code Handbook 2006 should be adopted to protect the glazing:-

• The glazing to be protected should not be openable, and should be a continuous vertical sheet without any horizontal mullions or breaks, to allow the water to flow continuously down the glass.

• The sprinklers should be located not more than 305mm from the glass wall, and arranged so that the entire surface of glass is wet upon operation of the sprinklers;

The sprinkler protection should generally be located on either side of the glazed element (i.e. to prevent failure in the event of a fire located al either side of the glazing).

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7.3.5 Protected Shafts

Stairs and other shafts which do not pass through compartment floors should be enclosed in 30 minutes fire resistance.

7.4 Places of Special Fire Hazard

Places of special fire risk are defined under the guidance in Appendix E of AD~B as:

Oil-filled transformer and switchgear rooms, boiler rooms, storage spaces for fuel and other highly flammable substances, rooms housing a fixed internal combustion engine:

Each place of special fire hazard should be provided with 30 minutes fire resistance.

7.5

Concealed Spaces (Cavities) and Fire Stopping

Where appropriate, suitable provisions should be made to prevent the unseen spread of fire and smoke through cavities or concealed spaces by the use of cavity barriers. The provision of any such barriers should meet the general recommendations of Section 9 of Approved Document B.

In particular. cavity barriers should be provided in the locations described in Table 13 of the AD-B. which details the cavity barrier requirements in particular parts of the building. such as behind the external face of rainscreen cladding, at the junction of compartment walls and floors with each other and with the external wall.

Openings in any fire-separating element (e.g. compartment walls. cavity barriers, protected corridor etc) should be protected with appropriate fire stopping or sealing to ensure that the fire resistance of the element is not compromised. The provision of any such protection should meet the general recommendations of Section 9 of Approved Document B.

8.0 84 - EXTERNAL FIRE SPREAD

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Table 8.3.1 - Fire resisting construction required
Separation Permitted
Elevation Elevation Elevation ER ER Length ER area distance Percentage of
Height Length area Height available ER
un rotected
8.1m 42m 340.2m2 9m 50m 450m2 16.4m 100% GRIMSBY INSTITUTE

FIRE STRATEGY REPORT

8.1 Functional Requirements

The external walls of the building shall adequately resist the spread of fire over the walls and from one building to another, having regard to the heigllt, use and position of the building. The roof of the building shall adequately resist the spread of fire over the roof and from one building to another, having regard to the use and position of the building.

8.2 Space Separation Analysis

Under the guidance of AD-B, it is necessary to construct the external walls such that the amount of unprotected area in the side of the building overlooking the elevation is restricted. In this case, it is proposed to assess the amount of thermal radiation passing through the wall, taking into account the distance between the wall and the boundary.

In all cases, the notional boundary for the development is taken as the mid-point of any adjacent road in accordance with the guidance in AD-B.

The risk of external fire spread has been assessed using the BRE 'Enclosing Rectangle' method outlined in the BRE report No.187.

8.3 Grimsby Institute Accommodation

8.3.1 North elevation

The most onerous section of facade to the North block is considered to be the Workshops localed in the Eastern wing of the North Block. The site boundary is located approximately 16.4m from the facade of the building when measured at the nearest point.

The amount of non fire rated construction permitted to the facade is shown in Table 8.3.1 below

On this basis, the external facade of the workshop does not require fire reSisting construction to be provided.

The adjacent workshops step back from the fayade of a building and are provided with an external yard and plant accommodation. II is proposed that the yard is provided with a concrete external wall. Therefore, it is considered reasonable to assume that the radiation emitted from a fire in the two adjacent workshops is prevented from reaching the site boundary by the external yard wall of the solid plant enclosure.

The accommodation at Second and Third floor levels are provided with plant accommodation. However, based on the provision of fire sterile protected escape stairs and circulation space separating each plant room, as well as 30 minutes fire resistance to each plant enclosure it is considered reasonable to assume that the tacade of a single plant enclosure only will be emitting radiation. Therefore, based on the relatively small area of facade, as well as the step back of the building at the upper floor levels it is not considered necessary to assess the risk of fire spread from this accommodation.

8.3.2 East elevation

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8.3.3

GRIMSBY INSTITUTE

FIRE STRATEGY REPORT

Norlh Block

The site boundary is located approximately 15m from the facade of the building when measured from the nearest point. The facade contains an external car valet area as well as a fire sterile protected stair.

The facade of the valet area steps back from the line of the building. However, it is proposed that the separation distance is measured from the more onerous elevation (i.e. 15m).

The amount of non fire rated construction permitted to the facade is shown in Table 8.3.2 below

Table 8.3.2 - Fire reslstinq construction required to East elevation North Block

Separation Permitted
Elevation Elevation Elevation ER ER Length ER area distance Percentage of
Height Length area Height available ER
unprotected
12.5m 35m 437.5m2 15m 40m 600m2 30m 90% On this basis, the East elevation of the North Block does not require fire resisting construction to be provided to the facade,

South Block

The South block is located remotely from the site boundary to the East and is partially shielded by the University Centre accommodation. On this basis, it is not considered necessary to assess the risk of external fire spread from this accommodation.

West elevation

Norlh Block

It is considered reasonable to assess the West elevation measured to the mid point of the adjacent road which is located approximately 22m from the facade of the building.

The elevation is approximately 24m in length, which does not include the fire sterile protected stair

The amount of non fire rated construction permitted to the facade is shown in Table 8.3.3 below

Table 8.3.3 - Fire resisting construction required

Separation Permitted
Elevation Elevation Elevation ER ER Length ER area distance Percentage of
Height Length area Height available ER
unprotected
12.5m 24m 300m2 15m 24m 360m2 22m 100% On this basis, the East elevation does not require fire resisting construction to be provided to the facade,

South Block

1\ is considered reasonable to assess the West elevation measured to the mid point of the adjacent road which is located approximately 43m from the facade of the building.

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FIRE STRATEGY REPORT

GRIMSBY INSTITUTE

Based on the large separation distance it is not considered necessary to assess the fisk of external flre spread from the West elevation of the South Block.

8.3.4 South Elevation

The South elevation of the South block overlooks the playing fields and adjacent accommodation.

Approved Document B considers it necessary to assess the risk of external fire spread between two buildings classified as assembly and recreation which are located on the same site. However, this assessment is subject to confirmation of the location of the existing buildings on the site and any proposed redevelopment to this accommodation.

8.4

University Centre Accommodation

8.4.1 North elevation

Table 8.4.1 - Fire resisting construction required to the North elevation

The site boundary is located approximately 20m from the facade of the North elevation.

However, due to the building design the notional boundary is shielded from radiation from a section of the North elevation of the University Centre. Therefore, the elevation length is considered to be 48m in length.

The amount of fire resisting construction required to the facade is shown in Table 8.4.1 below.

Separation Permitted
Elevation Elevation Elevation ER ER Length ER area distance Percentage of
Height Length area Height available ER
unproiected
20.5m 48m 984m2 21m 50m 1050m2 20m 90% On this basis, the North elevation requires 39m2 of fire resisting construction to be provided to the facade,

8.4.2 East elevation

The site boundary is located approximately 50m from the facade of the building. Therefore, based on the provision of a large separation distance it is not considered necessary to assess the risk of

external fire spread. '

8.4.3 South elevation

The site boundary is located approximately 33m from the facade of the building.

The amount of flre resisting construction required to the facade is shown in Table 8.4.3 below.

Table 8.4.3 - Fire resisting construction required to South elevation

9 9

Separation Permitted
Elevation Elevation Elevatlon ER ERLength ER area distance Percentage of
Height Length area Height available ER
unprotected
20.5m 56m 1148m2 21m 60m 1260m2 33m 100% REP-1901831-IH-11-111208

Page 240[30

On this basis, the South elevation does not require fire resisting construction to be provided to the facade.

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FIRE STRATEGY REPORT

8.5

External Wall Construction

AD-8 recommends that, when a building is constructed more than 1000mm from the boundary. as a minimum, the external facade is provided with a minimum of Index (I) not more than 20 (national class) or class C-s3, d2.

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FIRE STRATEGY REPORT

9.0

B5 - ACCESS AND FACILITIES FOR THE FIRE SERVICE

9.1 Functional Requirements

• Fire fighting stair

• Ventilated lobby

• Dry rising main

The building shall be designed and constructed so as to provide reasonable facilities to assist fire fighters in the protection of life. Reasonable provision shall be made within the site of the building to enable fire appliances to gain access to the building.

9.2 Fire Service Access

Approved Document B recommends that an assembly and recreation building with a floor level more than 7.5m above Fire Service access level should be provided with a fire fighting shaft consisting of the following:

On this basis, it is proposed to provide Stairs 2,4,6,7,8,9, 10, 11 and 12 as fire fighting shafts as well as additional dry risers in Stairs 1, 3 and 5

9.3 Design of Firefighting Shafts

9.3.1 Firefighting Stair

The minimum width of a firefighting stair should be no less than 1100mm. However, it is proposed that each stair is provided with a minimum width of 1200mm.

9.3.2 Firefighting Lobby

To ensure sufficient space for the fire service to prepare for firefighting operations, the minimum area of the lobby should not be less than 5m2 (and not more than 20m\

9.3.3 Fire Resistance

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The firefighting shaft (stair and lobby only) will be enclosed in 120 minutes fire resisting construction. Doors separating the lobby from the accommodation should be to a self closing FD 60S standard. Internally within the shaft, the stair and lobby should be separated by 60 minutes fire resisting construction. The door between the stair and the lobby should be to a self closing FD 30S standard. A schematic to show the general requirements is shown below:-

GRIMSBY INSTITUTE

FIRE STRATEGY REPORT

Figure 9.3.3 - Indicative fire resistance requirements of the firefighting shaft.

('I"~ ... 1:to!'Hot.,.~ r1''Il·t~9=:.:!'"q IQt,1.1 ~",n\i nlidll FIR'·li,l-_~ir:'i ILIt ,~wiI1n;JJ.':.iol).f:I

\~_ ~ ~~~' ~,rIIllmllljlll!,,·j".~i~1 flrlr('.J l h 11<m: 1;-.,1<-" ~III • .;;

~ ~11 .. 'illlllllil {po(" ""I'~'lr~'4,.i:"': r. { •.. rr 'II~.~I.I ... ~hf' (1.<· it:rl'in ~ ~ .11~'.n r.ull • h ~I "I!I '~I ••• r~· 1lj.l fI r";· r Ii,.!:II ~I'~'" ! rl.lrt

~ :;.., f.!];IIW Ilil fjr j' !, .... '.I ~~:.~.' 'i! ~ 'I ~BII..r. ,~I \ Illlllm • .!.. ~i"~1

1\ is noted from Figure 8.3 above that there is a requirement for the fire fighting shaft to be separated from the boundary with the accommodation by 500mm of fire resisting construction and that no unprotected areas are permitted within 500mm of the [oint between the fire fighting shaft and the accommodation.

9.3.4 Ventilation

Each firefighting shaft should be provided with ventilation to both the stair and the firefighting lobby.

Ventilation to the stair can be achieved by the provision of a 1.5m2 openable ventilator located over the head of the stair. Alternatively, a 1.0m2 ventilator can be provided at every storey level.

Ventilation of the firefighting lobby can be achieved by the provision of a 1.0m2 openable ventilator at every storey level.

However, where ventilation of the lobby is not available directly to outside air, it is necessary to ventilate the lobby into a smoke shaft, in accordance with the 'BRE method', which utilises a closed base smoke shaft. The requirements for ventilation using the BRE method are summarised below:-

• 1.0m2 AOV at the head of the stair;

• 1.5m2 AOV at every storey level, venting into a smoke shaft from the lobby;

• The top of the AOV should be as clos-e to the ceiling of the lobby as possible;

• Smoke shaft of minimum free area 3m2 (minimum width or depth of 1 m);

• Smoke shaft may be closed at the bottom, and open at the top;

The inlet point for the dry risers should be located at fire service access leve!, adjacent to the entry point to the buildings.

9.3.5 Dry rising fire main

Each firefighting shaft should be provided with a dry rising fire main, with an outlet located within the firefighting lobby at every storey level.

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FIRE STRATEGY REPORT

Minimum width of road between kerbs - 3.7m. Minimum width of gateways - 3.1 m.

Minimum turning circle between kerbs -16.8m. Minimum turning circle between walls - 19.2m. Minimum clearance height - 3.7m.

Minimum carrying capacity -12.5 tonnes.

The inlet to the dry rising main should be located on the external fac;:ade of the building. There should be fire service vehicular access within 18m of the inlet valve and in line of sight.

9.4

Vehicle Access

Any access route for fire service vehicles should satisfy the following specification:-

Vehicle access should be provided to within 18m of the dry riser inlet location.

AD-B recommends that if any portion of the route is a 'dead-end', turning facilities will be required (e.g. turning circle, hammerhead, or other point at which vehicle can turn) so that Fire Service vehicles do not have to reverse more than 20m.

9.5 Hydrants

If the building is constructed more than 100m from an existing hydrant AD-B recommends that additional hydrants should be provided within gOm of the dry riser inlets and not more than gOm apart.

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GRIMSBY INSTITUTE

FIRE STRATEGY REPORT

10.0 CONCLUSIONS

Subject to the incorporation of the above recommendations, we consider that the fire safety provisions are equivalent to the recommendations stated in AO-B and therefore the building fully complies with the functional requirements of the Buildings Regulations.

Fire Safety Measures

Table 10.0 is a summary of the fire safety measures required for the building. This list is not exhaustive and the reader should make full reference to the report.

Table 10.0 - Summary of fire safety measures

Section of Issue under consideration
report
It is proposed that the building is provided with sprinkler system coverage to
2.6 the main atrium compartment and the University Centre only. The system is
required to be designed in accordance with 8S EN 12845 including adequate
protection between the sprinklered and unsprinklered areas of the building.
It is proposed that the building will be provided throughout with an addressable
4.2 automatic fire alarm system in accordance with BS 5839: Part 1 (2002) to a
minimum of an L2 standard.
The occupants of room H23 are provided with a single direction travel distance
of approximately 29m. This is not considered unreasonable based on the
4.3.3.1 provision of an enhanced Automatic Fire Detection system. However, this is
subject to discussion with the Statutory Authorities.
The provision of inner rooms is not considered unreasonable based on the
4.3.3.2 provision of a low occupancy of the rooms as well as an L2 Automatic Fire
Detection system throughout.
Therefore, it is recommended to provide an additional exit direct to outside
4.3.3.3 from the Sports Hall. On this basis, each exit from the sports hall should be no
less than 1500mm wide.
Due to the step back of the building the North block accommodation is
4.3.5 provided to the Eastern section of the building. Therefore, escape is available
via seven stairs only.
The occupants of the Grimsby Institute accommodation are not considered to
4.3.7 pass within 4.5m of the central atrium void to escape as escape is generally
considered to be away from the void edge.
The occupants of the Lecture Theatre are considered to be provided with
4.3.8 escape which is within the recommended travel distance limits. Escape within
the Theatre is generally considered to be within the recommended 32m travel
distance limit when measured to the exit doors from the Theatre.
Each stair is provided with access via a protected corridor or lobby at each
4.4.1 floor level which is provided with minimum of 30 minutes fire resistance and
FO 30S fire doors.
The Grimsby Institute building is provided with ten 1200mm wide escape
4.4.2 stairs. However, due to the step back of the building some stairs do not serve
every floor level.
The upper floor levels of the University Centre are arranged around a central
5.3.3 atrium which is provided with balcony access to classrooms on the North
elevation. This will require occupants to pass within 4.5m of the void edge in
the event of a fire.
The combined escape capacity from the upper floor levels (First - Fourth) is
5.4.2 equal to 750 persons, which is in excess of the assumed occupancy of 700
persons. REP-1901831-IH-11-11120B

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FIRE STRATEGY REPORT

In accordance with Approved Document B, all loadbearing elements of
7.2 structure, including the structural frame, beams, columns, load bearing walls,
and floor structures should be provided with 60 minutes fire resistance.
7.3.1 Under the guidance of Section B3 of AD-B there is no requirement for
compartment floors to be provided in this building.
7.3.2 In accordance with Approved Document B the maximum compartment size in
a sprinklered assembly and recreation building should not exceed 4000m2.
Ventilation and lift shafts, risers for services, stairs and other shafts which do
7.3.3 not pass through compartment floors should be enclosed in 30 minutes fire
resistance.
8.0 Reference should be made to Section 8 for the amount of non fire rated
construction permitted to the facade of the building.
Approved Document B recommends that an assembly and recreation building
9.2 with a floor level more than 7.5m above Fire Service access level should be
provided with a fire fighting shaft
9.3.2 To ensure sufficient space for the fire service to prepare for firefi~hting
operations, the minimum area of the lobby should not be less than 5m (and
not more than 20m\
9.3.4 Each firefighting shaft should be provided with ventilation to both the stair and
the firefighting lobby.
9.3.5 The inlet point for the dry risers should be located at fire service access level,
adjacent to the entry point to the buildings.
9.4 Vehicle access should be provided to within 18m of the dry riser inlet location.
If the building is constructed more than 100m from an existing hydrant AD-B
9.5 recommends thai additional hydrants should be provided within 90m of the dry
riser inlets and not more than 90m allar!. REP-1901831-IH-11-111208

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