PERMANENT

CANINES


INTRODUCTION


Totally 4 in no., 1 per quadrant

3
rd
Tooth from midline

Maxillary & mandibular canines - resemble each other

Functions are closely related

Referred to as Corner Stone of the dental arch

Longest teeth in the mouth

Crowns are as long as those of maxillary central incisors

Longest roots



Cuspids- Middle labial lobes have been highly developed incisally

into strong well- formed cusps , hence the name.


Crowns and roots markedly convex on most surfaces


Features :

Self cleansing property

Efficient anchorage

Most stable teeth in the mouth , therefore , are the last teeth to

be lost






Canine : Resembles prehensile teeth of the carnivores


Canine eminence ~ Cosmetic value

~ Maintenance of natural facial

expression


Function : Supports that of the incisors and premolars


Maxillary Canine


Introduction:

Labial and lingual aspect is a series of curves or arcs


Mesial half makes contact with the lateral incisor


Distal half makes contact with the first premolar


Contact areas are at different levels cervicoincisally


Labial view : mesial half resembles a portion of lateral incisor

: distal half resembles a premolar









Labiolingual measurement of the crown is about 1mm greater

than that of maxillary central incisor.


Mesiodistal measurement is approx 1mm less



Cingulum shows greater development than that of central incisor



Root is thick labiolingually with development depressions


mesially and distally( anchorage)



ADA / Universal - 6 , 11

FDI - 1 3 , 2 3

Zsigmondy Palmar 3 3



First evidence of Calcification 4 - 5 months

Enamel Completion 6 - 7 yrs

Eruption 11 - 12 yrs

Root completion 13 - 15 yrs



Dimensions : in mm


Crown Length 10 . 0

Root length 17 . 0

M - d dm 7 . 5

M - d (At cervix) 5 . 5

L - l dm 8 . 0

L - l (At cervix) -- 7. 0

Curvature of cervical line mesially 2 . 5

Curvature of cervical line distally 1 . 5





Labial aspect


Crown and root narrower mesiodistally than those of the Maxillary CI ( by 1mm)

Cervical line is convex, with convexity towards the root apex


Mesial outline of the crown : convex from the cervix to the centre of the

Mesial Contact Area (MCA)

MCA : Approximately - the junction of middle and incisal thirds of the crown


Distal outline of crown : usually concave between the cervical line

and the Distal Contact Area (DCA)

DCA : Is at the centre of the middle third of the crown















Labial aspect


Cusp tip is on a line with the centre of the root


Cusp has Mesial & Distal slopes, mesial slope being shorter of the two


Both slopes show slight concavity till they are worn out


Labial surface of the crown is smooth, with no developmental lines


Shallow depressions mesially and distally ,divide the three labial lobes


Middle labial lobe shows great development , into a pointed cusp.



There is a prominent labial ridge.

Line drawn on this ridge from cervix to cusp tip is curved

- with inclination mesially

Areas Mesial to this line are convex

Distal to this line, concavity is seen in cervical third ,

convexity in middle & incisal thirds.


Root:
Slender & Conical with a bluntly pointed apex

Apical third may show mesial / distal curvature

Labial surface of the root is smooth and convex at all points







Lingual aspect

The crown and root are narrower lingually than labially

Cervical line shows a more even curvature

Cingulum is large , & in some instances pointed like a small cusp

A well developed lingual ridge confluent with the cusp tip, this

extends to a point near the cingulum

Mesial and distal lingual fossae - shallow concavities between this

ridge & marginal ridges

Developmental depressions may be seen mesially and distally on

most of the roots, extending most of the root length




Lingual aspect

Mesial aspect

Presents the outline of the functional form of an anterior tooth


Shows more bulk and greater L-l measurement than incisors


Outline is wedge shaped, greatest measurement at the cervical 3
rd



Crest of curvature at a level more incisally


Cervical third shows a flattened area labially


Below cervical third labial outline appears only as slightly convex

from crest of curvature to cusp tip .


Entire labial outline is more convex than CI


Lingual outline : Convexity - describing cingulum,

Straight - at the middle third

Convex - again in the incisal third

Cervical line : Convexity - towards the cusp ( ~ 2.5mm at the CEJ)

Root Outline : Conical with a tapered or bluntly pointed apex

Root may curve labially toward the apical third

Labial outline may be almost perpendicular, with most of the taper

appearing on the lingual side

Line bisecting cusp tip is labial to line bisecting root

Mesial surface of the root appears broad, with a shallow developmental

depression for part of the root length




Mesial aspect
Distal aspect


Same form as the mesial aspect


The cervical line exhibits less curvature towards the cusp ridge


Distal marginal ridge heavier & irregular in outline


Developmental depression more pronounced



Distal aspect

Incisal aspect

Emphasizes the proportions of this tooth M - distally and L -lingually

L l dimension is > M d dm

The tip of the cusp is : Labial to the centre of the crown L - lingually,

Mesial to the centre mesiodistally

Ridge of the middle labial lobe is very noticeable labially from this aspect

Cingulum makes up the cervical third of the crown lingually

Mesially , crown width narrower than distal half , but bulk of crown is

present mesially

Distal side appears more stretched to make contact with the premolar


Incisal aspect


Mandibular canine

Bear close resemblance to maxillary canine

Narrower mesiodistally than that of maxillary canine

Longer than maxillary canine by 0.5-1mm

Root somewhat shorter or may be as long

Labiolingual diameter of crown and root is a fraction of a mm less

Cusp - not as well developed as that of the maxillary canine

Cusp ridges are thinner labiolingually

Variation in the form bifurcated roots



ADA / Universal - 2 7 , 2 2

FDI - 4 3 , 3 3


Zsigmondy Palmar
3 3



First evidence of Calcification 4 - 5 months

Enamel Completion 6 - 7 yrs

Eruption 9 - 10 yrs

Root completion 12 - 14 yrs






Dimensions : in mm
Crown Length 11 . 0

Root length 16 . 0

M-d dm 7 . 0

M-d (At cervix) 5 . 5

L-l dm 7 . 5

L-l (At cervix) -- 7. 0

Curvature of cervical line mesially 2 . 5

Curvature of cervical line distally 1 . 0


Labial Aspect

Crown appears longer than that of the max canine (because of the
narrowness of the crown & the height of the cont. areas above the
cervix)

M -d dm is less than that of the max. canine , More than that of the
Incisors

Mesial outline is nearly straight with mesial outline of root .

MCA near mesio-incisal angle

Mesial cusp ridge is shorter.

When not worn out, cusp angle is in line with center of the root
DCA is more towards the incisal aspect than that of the max.

canine but is more cervically placed, in r.t MCA

Cervical line - convex with convexity directed apically.

Root apex is curved mesially

Root is shorter than the max canine but apex is more pointed

Root curvature infrequent , if present it is mesially directed.

Labial Aspect

Lingual Aspect

Lingual surface is flatter

Similar to that of the mand. incisors

Cingulum is smooth & poorly developed

Marginal ridges are less distinct

Lingual portion is narrower than that of the max. canine

Narrows to ~ > half the width of the labial surface


Lingual Aspect



Mesial Aspect

Labially curvature is very less, with very little curvature above the cervical line
( < 0.5 mm)

Lingual outline is similar to the max. canine ( Cx Cv Cx )

Cingulum is not so pronounced

Incisal portion is thinner L-lingually so cusp appears sharper , cusp ridge is
more slender

Tip of cusp is more nearly centered over the root , at times a little lingually

Root shows a more pointed tip

Developmental depression is more pronounced and is deeper
Mesial Aspect

Distal Aspect

Similar to the mesial aspect

Incisal Aspect

Outline is similar to that of the max. canine

M-d dm is less than labio-lingual dm , distal surface is more curved

Cusp tip , mesial & distal cusp ridges are inclined more lingually than
the max. canine,

Of the mesial & distal sides , the distal cusp ridge and contact area
are more so.


Distal Aspect

Incisal Aspect



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