Dbyd Ratio Slings

10/5/2011
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Copyright 2011 Rigging Institute, LLC All rights reserved.
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888 888- -416 416- -1965 1965
Slings & D/d Ratio Slings & D/d Ratio
CANADA CANADA
No part of this presentation may be reproduced or distributed
without the written permission of Rigging Institute, LLC
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D/d Ratio the diameter of curvature around which
a sling is bent affects its capacity.
The upper case D refers to the
diameter of the object to which the
sling hitch is applied.
The lower case d represents the
diameter of the sling.
D/d Ratios D/d Ratios
D
d
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To determine the D/d ratio, divide the diameter of
the wire rope sling into the diameter of the load.
A good rule to follow with wire rope slings, is to keep
at least a 6:1 ratio which results in an 80% efficiency
of the sling.
A 1:1 ratio results in only 50% efficiency of the wire
rope sling.
Wire Rope Slings Wire Rope Slings
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D/d RATIO FOR WIRE ROPE ON SHEAVES & DRUMS
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D/d
Ratio
Wire Rope Sling
Strength Efficiencies
25:1 100%
20:1 92%
15:1 88%
10:1 86%
8:1 84%
6:1 80%
4:1 75%
2:1 65%
1:1 50%
1 wire rope sling
D/d ratio = 6 1 = 6
6: ratio = Approx. 80% efficiency
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Softeners are often used to help create better
D/d ratios.
Radius of contact should
at least be equal to one rope lay.
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The diameter of the pin or hook in
the eye of the sling should be no
greater than 1/2 the eye length.
D
L
It is recommended that the pin in
the eye be no less than 2 times the
sling diameter.
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When using multi-part slings follow the
manufacturers requirements for D/d ratio
reductions.
Basket capacity on this multi-part wire
rope sling is based on the D/d ratio of
the component wire diameter. The pin
diameter in the eye is based on the
slings finished diameter .
Multi Multi- -Part Wire Rope Slings Part Wire Rope Slings
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When using multi-part slings follow the
manufacturers requirements for D/d ratio
reductions.
Basket capacity on this multi-part wire
rope sling is based on the D/d ratio of
the slings finished diameter. The pin
diameter in the eye is also based on
the slings finished diameter .
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D/d Ratio
Slingmax (9-prt) Sling
Strength Efficiencies
5:1 100%
4:1 92%
3:1 84%
2:1 73%
1:1 65%
0.5:1 50%
Slingmax Gator 9-Part
D
d
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Alloy Chain Slings Alloy Chain Slings
D
d
D/d Ratio the diameter of curvature around which
a sling is bent affects its capacity.
The upper case D refers to the
diameter of the object to which the
sling hitch is applied.
The lower case d represents the
diameter of the chain link of the
sling.
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Flexible inter-link.
Rigid intra-link.
Based on link length also. However,
inside length to wire diameter is
relatively constant for alloy chains.
therefore D/d works.
Chain is different than wire rope.
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Deformation at Proof Test load Odd # of links.
D/d = 4
D/d = 3
D/d = 2
Odd # Links.
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Deformation at Proof Test load, even # of links.
D/d = 4
D/d = 3
D/d = 2
Even # Links.
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NACM D/d De-rating Recommendations of Basket Hitch
Alloy Chain D/d Ratio Efficiency
D/d Ratio % of Rated Capacity
Less than 2 Not Recommended
2 60
3 70
4 80
5 90
6 and greater 100
D
d
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D/d ratios are NOT a concern for synthetic web slings.
Synthetic Web Slings Synthetic Web Slings
Is this a diameter issue?
NO
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Spatial issues of web slings reduce its efficiency.
BUNCHING
FOLDED SLING
Synthetic Web Slings Bunching Synthetic Web Slings Bunching
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RS90 Roundsling with a vertical work
load limit of 8400 lbs. is connected to the
rounded bow end of a 5/8in. Shackle.
The shackle has an inside opening of 2
inches and a stock diameter of 0.62.
A force of only 6000 lbs. is applied,
noticeably less than the work load limit.
Is the shackle suitable?
Sling Load Value (Lbs.)
Load Bearing Area
BEARING STRESS
5/8 IN
2 IN
=
RS90
8400 lbs.
Vertical
6000 lbs.
Force
Roundsling Bearing Stress Roundsling Bearing Stress
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Effective Contact Width
Curved 75% of Actual Inside Width
.75 x 2 inches = 1.5 inch
Load Bearing Area
Effective
Contact
Width
Load
Bearing
Area
= X
Hardware
Thickness
or Diameter
.62 1.5 = .93 IN X
BEARING STRESS
(Not to exceed 7000 PSI)
6451 Lbs. / IN
=
=
Sling Load Value
Load Bearing Area
6000
.93 IN
Roundsling Bearing Stress Roundsling Bearing Stress
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888 888- -416 416- -1965 1965
CANADA CANADA
No part of this presentation may be reproduced or distributed
without the written permission of Rigging Institute, LLC

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