Mt s cch xc nh cng thc tng qut

ca mt s dng dy s c bn

Kt qu 1:Dy c s hng tng qut l

Cm: Ta chng minh bng phng php quy np
*n=1 ta thy (1) ng
*Gi s ta cm
Thy vy: pcm
Kt qu 2:Vi dy c xc nh bi : , bit
Ta xt phng trnh c trng: (*)
-Nu (*) c hai nghim th:
-Nu (*) c nghim kp th :
Kt qu 3: Vi dy c xc nh bi : , bit

Ta xt phng trnh c trng: (**)
-Nu (**) c ba nghim th:
-Nu (**) c 1 nghim n, 1 nghim kp th: th:

-Nu (**) c nghim bi ba th:
Kt qu 4: Vi dy c xc nh:
Cch 1: a vo tham s ph . Nhn vo pt th hai vi v cng hai pt vo ta c
Tip theo ta xc nh sao cho .Nu hai pt ny c nghim khi ta c
T y chng ta xc nh c cttq ca cc dy cho
Cch 2: ta c: ta d
dng tm c cttq ca dy theo kt qu 2
Kt qu 5:Vi dy s : vi mi n 1. i vi dng ny ta c hai cch
lm nh sau:
Cch 1: Xt hai dy s c xc nh nh sau: ;
Theo kt qu 4 ta xc nh c dy v khi dy :
Cch 2:Ta a vo cc tham s x,y nh sau:
Tip theo ta xc nh x,y sao cho:
. Khi ta c: . t
. Ta c . theo kt qu 1 ta xc nh c dy nn
ta tm c
Sau y l cc v d:
V d 1: Cho dy v .Tm s hng tng qut ca
dy
Li gii: Bi ny chng ta c th gii theo cc cch sau:
Cch 1: Xt pt c trng: pt ny c hai nghim nn
. V nn ta suy ra . Vy
Cch 2: t ta c nn ta c suy ra
ly tng hai v ta c
V d 2: Cho dy s xc nh bi:

a)Tm cng thc tng qut ca dy
b)Chng minh rng nu p l s nguyn t th chia ht cho p
Li gii :
Xt pt c trng: pt ny c ba nghim nn
Theo gt nn ta c h gm ba pt sau:
gii h ba pt ny ta c nghim

Vy
b)Ta c 1 1 (mod p)
V p l s nguyn t nn theo nh l nh Fecma ta c:
Suy ra pcm
V d 3: Cho dy
a) Tnh
b) Tm phn nguyn:
Li gii:
Ta c:
t . Ta c
p dng kt qu 1 ta c:
a) Theo trn ta c:
b) Ta c:
Mt khc:
V d 4:Cho hai dy c xc nh nh sau:
. Tm
cng thc tng qut ca hai dy
Li gii:
Ta c: . ta chn sao
cho:
Do ta c h:


Suy ra:

V d 5: Cho dy vi mi n>=2. Cmr

Li gii: chng minh bi ton ta ch cn chng minh c
l c
Dy s cho gn ging vi dng kt qu 2, nhng v c h s t do 1975 nn ta cha p dng c
kt qu 2.Chng ta c th chuyn v dng kt qu 1 bng cch t . Khi
, n y
ta chn a,b sao cho 22a-8b=0, chn a=4, b=11
Suy ra
Phng trnh c trng c hai nghim x=-1 v x=-5 nn
da vo ta xc nh c . Do
suy ra
Do 1997 l s nguyn t nn theo nh l nh Fc ma ta c:

(v (4;1997)=1) pcm
Ch : Theo chng minh trn ta c bi ton tng qut hn l :Cmr vi mi s nguyn t p
V d 6: Cho hai dy c xc nh nh sau: v
. Tm tt c cc s nguyn
t p sao cho : khng chia ht cho p
Li gii:
Ta c:

Mt khc: . t
t ta c: . p dng kt qu 1 ta c c . Thay vo (1) ta
c:

*p=2 khng tha mn
*p=3 khng chia ht cho 3, suy ra p=3 tha mn
*p=5 tha mn
*p 5 khi khng tha mn
Vy p=3,5 l nhng s cn tm



Cc bi tp
1) Cho dy c xc nh bi . Xc nh cng thc tng qut ca dy
?
2) Cho dy s . Cmr:
l s chnh phng
3) Cho dy
a) Xc nh cng thc tng qut ca dy
b)t . Tm dy c gii hn v tm gii hn
4)Cho hai dy c xc nh nh sau:
. Cmr:
5) Cho dy
a) Tm s nguyn dng h b nht : vi mi n
b) Cmr tn ti t nht mt s ca dy chia ht cho 1996