Electrochemical Series of Photocatalysts and Common Organic Compounds

Excited State Oxidations

N
N
N

BF4-

2+

2+

Ru
N

2+

N
N

2+

Ru

Br
CO2H

2+

Ru

N
N

Me

Me

N
Me ClO 4

HO

2+

Ru

2+

Ru

1+

2+

3+

Ir

2+

Me

Br

1+

2+

Br

HO

Br

Reduced State Reductions

E* (V vs SCE))

CO2H

3+

Ir

3+

tBu

Ir
N

N
tBu

Ru(bpz)32+ = Ru(II)

Triphenylpyrylium

Ru(II)*/Ru(I) = 1.45V

Et (S*/S ) 2.3V (T1)

Eo (S/S ) -0.35 V

Ru(II)*/Ru(III) = -0.26V
Ru(II)/Ru(I) = -0.80V

lmax 417 nm

Ru(III)/Ru(II) = 1.86V
lmax 443 nm

Ru(bpy)32+ = Ru(II)
Ru(II)*/Ru(I) = 0.77V
Ru(II)*/Ru(III) = -0.81V
Ru(II)/Ru(I) = -1.33V
Ru(III)/Ru(II) = 1.29V
lmax 452 nm

Eosin Y
Et (S*/S ) 0.79V
Eo (S/S ) -1.06V
lmax
539 nm

f ac-Ir(dF-ppy)33+ = Ir(III)
Ir(III)/Ir(II) = -2.11V
Ir(IV)/Ir(III) = 1.18V

Mes-Acr+

Ru(bpm)32+ = Ru(II)
Ru(II)*/Ru(I) = 0.99V
Ru(II)*/Ru(III) = -0.21V
Ru(II)/Ru(I) = -0.91V
Ru(III)/Ru(II) = 1.69V
lmax 454 nm

Et (S*/S ) 2.06V
Eo (S/S ) -0.57V

lmax 347 nm

lmax 430 nm

Ru(phen)32+ = Ru(II)
Ru(II)*/Ru(I) = 0.82V
Ru(II)*/Ru(III) = -0.87V
Ru(II)/Ru(I) = -1.36V
Ru(III)/Ru(II) = 1.26V

Fluorescein
Et (S*/S ) 0.78V
Eo (S/S ) -1.27V
lmax
528 nm

OMe

S
2.15V

Me

Me

1.81V

Me

+2.0

+2.5

1.76V

Me
S

lmax 422 nm

Ph
1.63V

Et3N
0.96

+1.5

Me

Ph

O
F3C S Cl
O
-0.18V

NH2
0.98V

1.21V

+1.0

+0.5

-1.16V

O2N

-0.5

O
Ph
OH
-2.24V

Ph
H
-1.93V

-1.0

-1.5

-2.0

-2.5

Br

Me
O
1.24V

1.60V

Ph
Me
-2.14V

N
-2.08V

-0.83V

-0.45V

N3

H
N

f ac-Ir(ppy)33+ = Ir(III)
Ir(III)*/Ir(II) = 0.31V
Ir(III)*/Ir(IV) = -1.73V
Ir(III)/Ir(II) = -2.19V
Ir(IV)/Ir(III) = 0.77V
lmax 375 nm

Ir(ppy)2(dtbpy)3+ = Ir(III)
Ir(III)*/Ir(II) = 0.66V
Ir(III)*/Ir(IV) = -0.96V
Ir(III)/Ir(II) = -1.51V
Ir(IV)/Ir(III) = 1.21V
lmax 380 nm

Me

2.28V

Ru(bpm)32+ = Ru(II)
Ru(II)*/Ru(I) = 0.99V
Ru(II)*/Ru(III) = -0.21V
Ru(II)/Ru(I) = -0.91V
Ru(III)/Ru(II) = 1.69V
lmax 454 nm

2.30V

Br

Ph

O
-0.85V

CF3I

Ph
Br
-1.71V

-1.22V

-1.76V

-2.30V

Cl

-2.33V

-0.49V
-2.09V

Me

Me

Me

F3C

3+

1+

2+

Ru

tBu

HO

N
N

N
N
Me ClO 4

2+

Ir

N
CO2H

Mes-Acr+

lmax 430 nm

3+

tBu

3+

Ir

Ir

Fluorescein

Ru(phen)32+ = Ru(II)
Ru(II)*/Ru(I) = 0.82V
Ru(II)*/Ru(III) = -0.87V
Ru(II)/Ru(I) = -1.36V
Ru(III)/Ru(II) = 1.26V

Ir(ppy)2(dtbpy)3+ = Ir(III)
Ir(III)*/Ir(II) = 0.66V
Ir(III)*/Ir(IV) = -0.96V
Ir(III)/Ir(II) = -1.51V
Ir(IV)/Ir(III) = 1.21V
lmax 380 nm

Et (S*/S ) 0.78V
Eo (S/S ) -1.27V
lmax
528 nm

lmax 422 nm

S2O 8
persulfate = 1.85V (2e-)

SO4
persulfate= 2.36V

Br
MnO4
permanganate = 1.43V (4e )

H2O2
hydrogen peroxide = 1.45V (2e-)
HOCl
Hypochlorite = 1.39V

Br

O O
oxygen = 0.99V (4e )
(NH4)2[Ce(NO3)6]
CAN = 0.96V

Br
TBPA = 1.05V

Br

Ag
silver(I) = 0.6V

Br
CO2H

HO

2+

Ru

F3C

N
N

tBu

1+

3+

Ir

1+

CF3

3+

Ir

N
F

tBu
f ac-Ir(ppy)33+ = Ir(III)
Ir(III)*/Ir(II) = 0.31V
Ir(III)*/Ir(IV) = -1.73V
Ir(III)/Ir(II) = -2.19V
Ir(IV)/Ir(III) = 0.77V
lmax 375 nm

Ru(bpz)32+ = Ru(II)
Ru(II)*/Ru(I) = 1.45V
Ru(II)*/Ru(III) = -0.26V
Ru(II)/Ru(I) = -0.80V
Ru(III)/Ru(II) = 1.86V

Triphenylpyrylium
Et (S*/S ) 2.3V (T1)
Eo (S/S ) -0.35 V
lmax 417 nm

Eosin Y
Et (S*/S ) 0.79V
Eo (S/S ) -1.06V
lmax
539 nm

CN

Cl

CN
O

HO

Ir(dF-CF3-ppy)2(dtbpy)3+ = Ir(III)
Ir(III)*/Ir(II) = 1.21V
Ir(III)*/Ir(IV) = -0.89V
Ir(III)/Ir(II) = -1.37V
Ir(IV)/Ir(III) = 1.69V

lmax 452 nm

f ac-Ir(dF-ppy)33+ = Ir(III)
Ir(III)/Ir(II) = -2.11V
Ir(IV)/Ir(III) = 1.18V
lmax 347 nm

lmax 380 nm

Common Reducing Agents

HO
H

O
Cl

Ru(bpy)32+ = Ru(II)
Ru(II)*/Ru(I) = 0.77V
Ru(II)*/Ru(III) = -0.81V
Ru(II)/Ru(I) = -1.33V
Ru(III)/Ru(II) = 1.29V

lmax 443 nm

E* (V vs SCE))

N
N

2+

Br

Br

tBu

Ir(dF-CF3-ppy)2(dtbpy)3+ = Ir(III)
Ir(III)*/Ir(II) = 1.21V
Ir(III)*/Ir(IV) = -0.89V
Ir(III)/Ir(II) = -1.37V
Ir(IV)/Ir(III) = 1.69V
lmax 380 nm

2+

Ru
N

2+

N
N

Common Oxidizing Agents

F F
Fluorine = 2.62V (2e-)

BF4-

F
tBu

Et (S*/S ) 2.06V
Eo (S/S ) -0.57V

1+

CF3

OH
O

S2O42dithionite = -0.77V

OH

ascorbic acid = -0.19V (2e-)

Magnesiumo = -2.62V (2e-)

Sm(II)I2 = -1.65V (2e-)

Irono = -0.65V (2e-)

Zinco = -1.00V (2e-)

Sodiumo = -2.95V
Lithiumo = -3.28V

DDQ = 0.53V
Copper(II)= 0.28V (1e-)

compiled by D. DiRocco 2014