B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC NNG LM TP. H CH MINH

KHA LUN TT NGHIP

PHN TCH CC YU T NH HNG N PHNG PHP

IU KHIN NH LA TRN NG C

TOYOTA YARIS 1SZ-FE

H v tn sinh vin: VNG THNH AN

NGUYN VN NGUYN
Ngnh: CNG NGH K THUT T
Kha: 2010 - 2014

Thng 6 nm 2014

PHN TCH CC YU T NH HNG N PHNG PHP IU

KHIN NH LA TRN NG C TOYOTA YARIS 1SZ-FE

Tc gi

VNG THNH AN
NGUYN VN NGUYN

Kha lun c trnh p ng

Yu cu cp bng k s ngnh
Cng ngh k thut t

Gio vin hng dn:

Thc s: NGUYN TRNH NGUYN
K s: NGUYN NG KHOA

Thng 6 nm 2014

LI CM N
Sau gn bn nm hc ti trng Trng i Hc Nng Lm Thnh ph H Ch
Minh di s ging dy v ch bo tn tnh ca cc thy c chng em tip thu c
mt lng kin thc cng nh kinh nghim b ch gip chng em hon thin bn thn
tr thnh nhng ngi k s trong tng lai. Bc ra ngng ca i hc s l mt
th gii rng ln vi nhiu th thch ang ch n, nhng bi hc ca thy c s l
hnh trang gip chng em vng bc tr thnh nhng cng dn tt, em bn tay,
khi c ca mnh gp phn xy dng x hi. Nhng thnh cng ca chng em sau ny
u in m cng lao ca cc thy c. Xin gi n qu thy c lng knh trng v s
bit n su sc ca chng em.
Nhm thc hin ti chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy Ths. Nguyn
Trnh Nguyn, Ks. Nguyn ng Khoa tn tnh hng dn cho chng em trong
sut qu trnh hc tp cng nh thc hin. ng thi cung cp cho chng em nhng
ti liu, dng c, thit b chng em c th hon tt ti ny.
Xin chn thnh cm n qu thy c ca trng Trng i Hc Nng Lm
Thnh ph H Ch Minh. c bit l qu thy trong b mn cng ngh k thut t
tn tnh ch dn, trc tip gip v to iu kin, mi trng lm vic tt cho chng
em hon tt tt ti ny.
Cm n s gip nhit tnh v ng gp kin ca cc bn lp DH10OT
gip chng mnh hon thnh ti ny.
Xin chn thnh cm n!
Vng Thnh An
Nguyn Vn Nguyn

ii

TM TT
1. Tn ti:
- Phn tch cc yu t nh hng n phng php iu khin nh la trn ng
c TOYOTA YARIS 1SZ-FE.
2. Thi gian v a im
- T ngy 3/3 n ngy 7/6/2014.
- Ti xng thc hnh th nghim B mn cng ngh t thuc khoa C kh Cng ngh, Trng i hc Nng Lm Thnh ph H Ch Minh.
3. Mc ch ca ti
- Khi qut h h thng nh la.
- Phn tch cc yu t nh hng n phng php iu khin nh la.
4. Phng tin v phng php
- Phng php l thuyt: tham kho ti liu.
- Phng php thc hin: vn hnh ng c dng thit b SOE 3000B, RIGOL
DS1052E phn tch cc yu t nh hng n phng php iu khin nh la
trn ng c.
5. Kt qu t c
- Thit k ch tom hnh ng c TOYOTA YARIS 1SZ-FE.
- Phn tch c cc yu t nh hng n phng php nh la.
- Khi qut nhng iu kin ng c hot ng.

iii

MC LC
Trang
TRANG TA .............................................................................................. i
LI CM N ................................................................................................................. ii
TM TT ...................................................................................................................... iii
DANH SCH CC CH VIT TT ............................................................................ vi
DANH SCH CC BNG ............................................................................................ ix
Chng 1 M U ........................................................................................................ 1
1.1 t vn .................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Mc ch ti .......................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Cc bc thc hin .................................................................................................... 2
Chng 2 TNG QUAN ................................................................................................. 3
2.1 Khi qut v h thng iu khin ng c .................................................................. 3
2.2 Gii thiu ng c ..................................................................................................... 5
2.3 H thng nh la trn ng c 1SZ-FE .................................................................... 6
2.3.1 Khi qut chung ...................................................................................................... 6
2.3.2 Cu to mt s thit b ca h thng nh la trc tip lp trn ng c 1SZ-FE .... 8
2.3.3 Nguyn l v mch in ca cc cm bin trn ng c 1SZ-FE ........................... 14
2.3.4 B iu khin in t ECU ................................................................................... 22
2.3.5 iu khin nh la .............................................................................................. 23
Chng 3 PHNG TIN V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU ................................ 29
3.1 a im thc hin ................................................................................................... 29
3.2 Phng tin.............................................................................................................. 29
3.3 Phng php ............................................................................................................ 29
Chng 4 KT QU V THO LUN ....................................................................... 30
4.1 M hnh hon thnh ................................................................................................. 30
4.1.1 S chn ECU ng c ...................................................................................... 30
4.1.2 V tr chn cc cm bin ........................................................................................ 31
4.1.3 S mch in ng c TOYOTA YARIS 1SZ-FE ........................................... 31
4.1.4 ngha cc chn ECU .......................................................................................... 32
4.1.5 Mch in bo tc ng c............................................................................... 34
4.1.6 Cc yu cu s dng m hnh ................................................................................ 34
4.2 Vn hnh ng c 1SZ-FE ....................................................................................... 35
4.2.1 Kim tra p sut cui k nn .................................................................................. 35
iv

4.2.2 Kim tra p sut bm nhin liu ............................................................................ 37

4.2.3 Kim tra nng kh thi bng thit b KEG 500 .................................................. 38
4.3 Kim tra tn hiu ca cc cm bin........................................................................... 39
4.3.1 Kim tra cm bin o gi ...................................................................................... 39
4.3.2 Cm bin v tr trc khuu (NE) ............................................................................ 40
4.3.3 Cm bin v tr trc cam (G2)................................................................................ 41
4.3.4 Cm bin v tr bm ga (TPS) ............................................................................. 41
4.3.5 Cm bin kch n (KNK) ...................................................................................... 42
4.3.6 Cm bin Oxy ....................................................................................................... 42
4.4 Kim tra cc b phn chp hnh............................................................................... 43
4.4.1 Van VVT-i ............................................................................................................ 43
4.4.2 Van ISC ................................................................................................................ 45
4.4.3 Kim phun .............................................................................................................. 45
4.4.4 Tn hiu nh la .................................................................................................. 47
4.5 Kim tra mt s chn cn li t hp ECU ................................................................ 48
4.6 Phn tch cc yu t nh n phng php iu khin nh la trn ng c
TOYOTA YARIS 1SZ-FE............................................................................................. 49
4.7 Chn on v khc phc h hng theo tn hiu n check ........................................ 54
Chng 5 KT LUN V KIN NGH ....................................................................... 59
5.1 Kt lun ................................................................................................................... 59
5.2 Kin ngh ................................................................................................................ 59
TI LIU THAM KHO.............................................................................................. 60
PH LC ..................................................................................................................... 61
Ph lc 1: Kin thc b sung Chng 2 ........................................................................ 62
2.3.5.2 iu khin nh la sau khi khi ng .............................................................. 62

DANH SCH CC CH VIT TT

A/C:

Air Conditioning.

ADC:

Analog- to Digital Converter.

A/F:

Air per Fuel.

CKP:

Crankshaft Position.

CMP:

Camshaft Position.

DLC:

Data Line Connector.

ECU:

Engine Control Unit.

EFI:

Electronic Fuel Injection.

IC:

Integrated Circuit.

IGF:

Ignition Feedback.

IGSW:

Ignition Switch.

ISCV:

Idle Speed Control Valve.

KNK:

Knock.

M-REL:

Main relay.

MIL:

Malfunction Indicator Lamp.

RPM:

Round Per Minute.

STA:

Start

TCM:

Transmission Control Module.

THA:

Temperature Heat Air.

THW:

Temperature Heat Water.

TPS:

Throttle Position Sensor.

V:

Volt.

VVT-i:

Variable Valve Timing With Intelligence.

vi

DANH SCH CC HNH

Hnh 2.1: S h thng nh la in t ng c 1SZ-FE............................................. 7
Hnh 2.2: S tn hiu IGT v IGF ................................................................................ 8
Hnh 2.3: S in ca IC nh la bbin n .............................................................. 9
Hnh 2.4: Vai tr ca IC nh la trn ng c 1SZ-FE ................................................. 10
Hnh 2.5: Cu to cun nh la c IC nh la ............................................................ 11
Hnh 2.6: Dng in trong cun s cp .......................................................................... 12
Bng 2.1: Thng s k thut ca loi bugi ..................................................................... 13
Hnh 2.7: Cu to bugi u di lp trn ng c 1SZ-FE ............................................... 14
Hnh 2.8: Cu to cm bin trc khuu v cm bin trc cam ........................................ 15
Hnh 2.9: Tn hiu cm bin NE v cm bin G ............................................................. 16
Hnh 2.10: Cu to cm bin kch n ............................................................................. 16
Hnh 2.11: Cu to v s mch in cm bin nhit nc lm mt ....................... 17
Hnh 2.12: Cu to v s in cm bin nhit kh np .......................................... 18
Hnh 2.13: Cu to cm bin lu lng kiu dy nng ................................................... 18
Hnh 2.14: S cu to v iu khin ca cm bin o lu lng khng kh ............... 19
Hnh 2.15: Cu to v mch in cm bin oxy ............................................................. 20
Hnh 2.16: Cu to v s in cm bin v tr bm ga ............................................. 21
Hnh 2.17: S khi ca cc h thng trong my tnh vi microprocessor .................. 23
Hnh 2.18: Gc nh la sm v qu trnh chy ............................................................. 24
Hnh 2.19: S tn hiu IGT thi im nh la ban u ............................................ 25
Hnh 2.20: S tn hiu IGT thi im nh la sau khi khi ng ............................. 25
Hnh 2.21: Gc nh la sm thc t ............................................................................. 26
Hnh 2.22: Bn gc nh la sm theo tc v ti ng c .................................... 26
Hnh 2.23: Xc nh thi im nh la......................................................................... 27
Hnh 4.1: M hnh TOYOTA YARIS 1SZ-FE ............................................................... 30
Hnh 4.2: S chn ECU............................................................................................. 30
Hnh 4.3: S chn cc cm bin ................................................................................ 31
Hnh 4.4: S mch in ng c 1SZ-FE .................................................................. 31
Bng 4.1: ngha tn vit tt trn ECU ......................................................................... 33
vii

Hnh 4.5: S mch in bo tc ng c .............................................................. 34

Hnh 4.6: p sut bm nhin liu m hnh 1SZ-FE........................................................ 37
Hnh 4.7: Thit b o kh thi KEG-500 ......................................................................... 38
Hnh 4.8: Tn hiu cm bin o gi tc idle............................................................ 40
Hnh 4.9: Tn hiu cm bin NE..................................................................................... 40
Hnh 4.10: Tn hiu cm bin truc cam .......................................................................... 41
Hnh 4.11: Tn hiu chn VTA ca cm bin bm ga .................................................. 41
Hnh 4.12: Tn hiu cm bin kch n ............................................................................ 42
Hnh 4.13: Tn hiu cm bin oxy .................................................................................. 43
Hnh 4.14: Tn hiu OCV+ khi ng c cha n my (bt ON) .................................... 43
Hnh 4.15: Tn hiu OCV+ khi ng c ch idle .................................................... 44
Hnh 4.16: Tn hiu OCV+ khi ng c tc 4000 vng/pht .................................. 45
Hnh 4.17: Tn hiu RSO cng tc my v tr ON ........................................................ 45
Hnh 4.18: Tn hiu iu khin kim phun ....................................................................... 46
Hnh 4.19: Tn hiu IGT, IGF ( ch idle)................................................................. 47
Hnh 4.20: Tn hiu TACO ............................................................................................ 48
Hnh 4.21: S mch din qut lm mt...................................................................... 49
Hnh 4.22: th kho st nh hng ca tc ng c n gc nh la .................. 50
Hnh 4.23: th kho st nh hng in tr ca cm bin THW n gc nh la v
in p chn THW ......................................................................................................... 51
Hnh 4.24: Khe h in cc v in cc bugi ................................................................. 52
Hnh 4.25: Hnh dng in cc v c tnh phng in .................................................. 53
Hnh 4.26: Biu tng n check engine trn tableau ................................................. 54
Hnh 4.27: n Check Engine khng bo li ................................................................. 55
Hnh 4.28: n Check Engine bo li ............................................................................ 55

viii

DANH SCH CC BNG

Bng 2.1: Thng s k thut ca loi bugi ..................................................................... 13
Bng 4.1: ngha tn vit tt trn ECU ......................................................................... 33
Bng 4.2: Kt qu o kh .............................................................................................. 36
Bng 4.3: Kt qu o t ............................................................................................... 36
Bng 4.4: Kt qu o p sut bm nhin liu ................................................................. 37
Bng 4.5: Tiu chun kh thi TCVN 6438:2001 ........................................................... 39
Bng 4.6: Kt qu kim tra kh thi bng thit b KEG-500 ........................................... 39
Bng 4.7: Kho st nh hng ca tc ng c n gc nh la ............................. 50
Bng 4.8: Kho st nh hng in tr ca cm bin THW n gc nh la v in
p chn THW................................................................................................................. 51
Bng 4.9: Bng m chn on h hng ca ng c 1SZ-FE ......................................... 58

ix

Chng 1
M U
1.1 t vn
Trong thi k hi nhp th gii hin nay th ngnh cng nghip ng vai tr
ch o trong tin trnh pht trin kinh t t nc. Trong ngnh cng nghip t
ng mt vai tr quan trng.
Ngnh cng nghip nc ta mi c nhng bc u non tr trong nhng nm
tr li y nn ngnh cng nghip t cng ang trong tnh trng pht trin chm bi
vy y l ngnh cn c s h tr ca cc cp cc ngnh.
Ngy nay, t khng ch p ng nhu cu i li, chuyn ch mt cch thun
ty nh trc y m cn phi p ng tnh kinh t, cng sut, tc , mu m. c
bit hin nay vn kh x c mi ngi quan tm v t ln tm quan trng hng
utrc s nng ln ca tri t.
Trong t th h thng nh la l mt trong nhng h thng ng vai tr quan
trng quyt nh ti cng sut ti u ca ng c v gim lng kh st cha c t
chy gim thi nhim mi trng.
V vy, ti: Phn tch cc yu t nh hng n phng php iu khin
nh la trn ng c TOYOTA YARIS 1SZ-FE. c thc hin nhm phn no b
sung thm ti liu tham kho, gip sinh vin hiu r c tng qut v h thng nh
la, ng thi cng phn no gip cc k thut vin hiu c c bn nguyn l hot
ng v mt s lu trong khi bo dng, chn on, sa cha h thng nh la
bng in t mi ny trn t.

1.2 Mc ch ti
Di s hng dn ca thy Ths. Nguyn Trnh Nguyn, Ks. Nguyn ng
Khoa gip em thc hin ti Phn tch cc yu t nh hng n phng php iu
khin nh la trn ng c TOYOTA YARIS 1SZ-FE. vi mc ch:
- Nhm phc v cho cng tc ging dy v to iu kin thun li cho gio
vin hng dn sinh vin trong qu trnh thc tp.
- Gip sinh vin c iu kin quan st m hnh mt cch trc quan, nhn bit
c hnh dng v v tr cc chi tit, cm bin c s dng trong h thng nh la
trn ng c TOYOTA YARIS 1SZ-FE.
- C th chn on mt cch nhanh chng chnh xc cc h hng ca h thng
nh la trn ng c TOYOTA YARIS 1SZ-FE.
- Gp phn hin i ha phng tin trong ging dy thc hnh.
1.3 Cc bc thc hin
- Tham kho ti liu.
- Thit k khung v g t ng c.
- Thit k khung t bng tp l, ECU, kha in v cc r le.
- Thit k thng xng, p ng c.
- Thit k g c quy v khung t kt nc lm mt.
- u dy cho cc h thng.
- Tin hnh n my th nghim.
- Tin hnh o c, kim tra v ghi nhn cc thng s bng thit b RIGOL
DS1052E v thit b phn tch tng hp ng c SOE3000B.
-Vit thuyt minh, hon thnh ti.

Chng 2
TNG QUAN
2.1 Khi qut v h thng iu khin ng c
ng c xng sinh cng qua chu trnh gin n ca hn hp xng v khng kh.
Ba yu t ch yu ca ng c xng sinh cng l: hn hp ha kh (xng v khng
kh) tt, nn tt, nh la tt.
t c 3 yu t ny trong cng mt lc, iu quan trng l s iu khin
chnh xc to c hn hp ha kh v thi im nh la. Trc nm 1981, ch c
h thng iu khin ng c l EFI (Phun nhin liu bng in t), s dng my tnh
iu khin lng phun nhin liu. Ngoi EFI ny, ngy nay cn c cc h thng
khc c iu khin bng my tnh nh ESA (nh la sm bng in t), cc h
thng iu khin VVT-i, ISC (iu khin tc chy khng ti), h thng chn on,
v.v
my tnh lm vic, cn c mt h thng ton din bao gm cc thit b u
vo v u ra. Trn mt t, cc cm bin nh cm bin nhit nc hoc cm bin
lu lng kh np tng ng vi thit b u vo. V cc b chp hnh nh cc kim
phun hoc cc IC nh la tng ng vi thit b u ra. My tnh iu khin ng c
c gi l ECU ng c (hoc ECM: Mun iu khin ng c). Cc cm bin, cc
b chp hnh v ECU ng c gn lin vi cc dy dn in. Ch sau khi ECU ng
c x l cc tn hiu vo t cc cm bin v truyn cc tn hiu iu khin n cc b
chp hnh mi c th iu khin c ton b h thng nh l mt h thng iu
khin bng my tnh.
- H thng EFI (Phun nhin liu in t): H thng EFI s dng cc cm bin
khc nhau pht hin cc tnh trng hot ng ca ng c v xe t. ECU tnh ton
lng phun nhin liu thch hp nht v iu khin cc kim phun phun khi lng
nhin liu thch hp. Trong thi gian xe chy bnh thng, ECU ng c xc nh
3

khi lng phun nhin liu t c t l ha kh theo l thuyt, nhm m bo

cng sut, mc tiu th nhin liu v mc kh x thch hp trong cng mt lc. cc
thi im khc, nh trong thi gian hm nng, tng tc, gim tc hoc cc iu kin
lm vic vi ti trng cao, ECU ng c pht hin cc iu kin bng cc cm bin
khc nhau v sau hiu chnh khi lng phun nhin liu nhm m bo mt hn
hp ha kh thch hp nht mi thi im.
- H thng ESA (nh la sm bng in t): H thng ESA pht hin cc
iu kin ca ng c cn c vo cc tn hiu do cc cm bin khc nhau cung cp, v
iu khin cc bugi nh la thi im thch hp. Cn c vo tc ng c v ti
trng ca ng c, ESA iu khin chnh xc gc nh la sm ng c c th
tng cng sut, lm sch kh x, v ngn chn kch n mt cch c hiu qu.
- H thng ISC (iu khin tc khng ti): H thng ISC iu khin tc
khng ti sao cho n lun lun thch hp cc iu kin thay i (hm nng, ph ti
in, v.v...). gim thiu mc tiu th nhin liu v ting n, mt ng c phi hot
ng tc cng thp cng tt trong khi vn duy tr mt ch chy khng ti n
nh. Hn na, tc chy khng ti phi tng ln m bo vic hm nng v kh
nng lm vic thch hp khi ng c lnh hoc ang s dng my iu ha khng kh.
- H thng iu khin VVT-i: Van iu khin du phi kh trc cam chn
ng du n b iu khin VVT-i tng ng vi ln dng in t ECU ng c.
B iu khin VVT-i quay trc cam np tng ng vi v tr ni m t p sut du
vo, lm sm, lm mun hoc duy tr thi im phi kh. ECU ng c tnh ton
thi im ng m xpp ti u di cc iu kin hot ng khc nhau theo tc
ng c, lu lng kh np, v tr bm ga v nhit nc lm mt iu khin
van iu khin du phi khtrc cam. Hn na, ECU dng cc tn hiu t cm bin v
tr trc cam v cm bin v tr trc khuu tnh ton thi im phi kh thc t v
thc hin iu khin phn hi t c thi im phi kh chun.

- H thng chn on: ECU ng c c mt h thng chn on. ECU lun lun gim st c
(n bo h hng). Nu cn ECU c th truyn tn hiu ca cc DTC ny bng cch
nhp nhy n MIL hoc hin th cc DTC hoc cc d liu khc trn mn hnh ca
my chn on cm tay.
4

2.2 Gii thiu ng c

Sn xut

TOYOTA

Model

YARIS

Nm sn xut

1999

V tr ng c

Pha trc

Hng t

Ngang

Kiu lm mt

Bng nc

S xylanh

S van

16

Dung tch xylanh

0,998 lt

Th tch mt xylanh

0,249 lt

Kiu xpp

DOHC

T s nn

10:1

Cung cp nhin liu

EFI

Cng sut ng c

67HP

S vng quay cc i

6000rpm

Mmen cc i

90N.m

ng c 1SZ-FE gm 4 xylanh t thng hng, th t k n 1-3-4-2.

L ng c nh la trc tip (4 bbin), IC t trong b bbin.
H thng iu khin xpp thng minh VVT-i.

Hin nay thch thc quan trng nht ca cc nh sn xut t i mt l phi

cung cp nhng chic xe hot ng vi cng sut cao v hiu sut nhin liu ti u
trong khi vn m bo thi sch v s thoi mi cho ngi ngi trn xe. Nhn thc
c tnh trng m ln ca tri t l mi e da tht s cho chng ta cng th thch
cc nh sn xut. ngn chn nguy c ny chng ta cn gim lng kh CO2 gy
hiu ng nh knh v gim kh CO2 sinh ra chng ta cn nhanh chng ch to ra
nhng ng c thi ra t CO2 hn nhng ng c truyn thng.
Vn ny c gii quyt vi ng c ng c phun xng in t 1SZ-FE
ca TOYOTA. Nhin liu c phun trc tip vo ng ng np trc k np nhm
tng cng sut v gip ng c chy trit .
t chy c xng th xng v khng kh phi c ha trn hnh thnh
ra hn hp nhin liu ng v cng vi s chnh xc v thi im phun th hn hp
nhin liu s c nn li gia cc cc ca bugi ng thi im nh la. ng c
phun xng phun xng in t t c cng ngh ny gip iu khin chnh xc thi
im nh la hn hp nhin liu.
2.3 H thng nh la trn ng c 1SZ-FE
2.3.1 Khi qut chung
H thng nh la trn ng c 1SZ-FE l h thng nh la in t loi DIS (
Direct ignition system) l mt h thng phn phi trc tip in cao p n cc bugi t
cc cun nh la m khng dng b chia bao gm: ECU, cc cm bin tn hiu, bugi
v cc cun nh la.

Hnh 2.1: S h thng nh la in t ng c 1SZ-FE

Cc b phn chnh trn s h thng nh la ng c 1SZ-FE:
- Cc cm bin: C nhim v nhn bit cc hot ng khc nhau ca ng c
v pht ra cc tn hiu gi n ECU hay cn gi l nhm tn hiu vo.
- ECU: C nhim v x l v tnh ton cc thng s u vo t pht ra cc
tn hiu iu khin u ra.
- Cc c cu chp hnh: Trc tip iu khin nh la thng qua cc tn hiu
iu khin nhn c t ECU.
Nguyn l lm vic ca h thng nh la:
- ECU nhn c tn hiu t cc cm bin u vo, sau x l cc tn hiu
nhn c v so snh vi chng trnh c lp trnh trong ECU truyn tn hiu
iu khin n tng my trong ng c, tn hiu s c truyn n tng my theo th
t lm vic ca ng c m bo vic ti u ha hot ng ca ng c. Vi tn hiu
c nhn trc tip t ECU iu khin, vy nn m bo lun lun c chnh xc
i vi s hot ng ca cc my trn ng c.

Hnh 2.2: S tn hiu IGT v IGF

- ECU ng c tnh ton thi im nh la ti u theo cc tn hiu t cc cm
bin khc nhau v truyn tn hiu IGT n IC nh la. Tn hiu IGT c bt ON
ngay trc khi thi im nh la c b vi x l trong ECU ng c tnh ton, v
sau tt i (chuyn sang trng thi OFF). Khi tn hiu IGT b ngt, cc bugi s nh
la.
- Tn hiu IGF c gi n ECU ng c khi dng s cp vt qu mt tr s
nh. Khi ECU ng c nhn c tn hiu IGF n xc nh rng vic nh la
xy ra. (Tuy nhin iu ny khng c ngha l thc s c nh la). Nu ECU
ng c khng nhn c tn hiu IGF, chc nng chn on s vn hnh v mt
DTC c lu trong ECU ng c v chc nng an ton s hot ng v lm ngng
phun nhin liu.
2.3.2 Cu to mt s thit b ca h thng nh la trc tip lp trn ng c
1SZ-FE
2.3.2.1 IC nh la
M t:
- IC nh la l mch in t c tch hp t cc linh kin in t nh
transistor, diot, t in, cc con tr, iu khin ng ngt dng s cp v to ra
tn hiu ngc IGF v cho ECU ng c.
- IC nh la thc hin mt cch chnh xc s ng v ngt dng s cp i vo
cun nh la, ph hp vi tn hiu IGT do ECU ng c pht ra.
8

- Mch IC nh la trn ng c 1SZ-FE m ta ang kho st c bn chn giao

tip, l cc chn: +B, E02, IGT, IGF. Trong , chn +B ni vi c quy, chn E02
ni mass, chn IGT v IGF ni vi ECU ng c. Hnh v sau th hin s in ca
mt IC nh la bbin n.

Hnh 2.3: S in ca IC nh la bbin n

Ngoi ra IC nh la cn c chc nng iu khin dng khng i. Khi dng
s cp t n mt tr s nh, IC nh la s khng ch cng cc i bng
cch iu chnh dng. Vic iu khin dng in s cp mt gi tr xc nh s lm
tng tui th cho bin p nh la v m bo in p nh la to ra n nh.
Khong thi gian dng in tng v duy tr n nh trong cun s cp gi l
gc ngm in (gc Dwell). Trn ng c 1SZ-FE m ta ang kho st ECU ng c
s thc hin vic iu chnh gc ngm in bng cch iu chnh thi gian ngt xung
IGT.

Hnh 2.4: Vai tr ca IC nh la trn ng c 1SZ-FE

2.3.2.2 Cun nh la (Bbin nh la)
M t:
- Cun nh la l bin p cao th c bit dng bin xung th hiu thp
(12V) thnh cc xung in th cao (1200040000 V) m bo cho vic nh la
trong ng c.
- ng c 1SZ-FE s dng bbin n cho tng my, cc IC nh la cng
c b tr ngay trn cc cun nh la to thnh cm chi tit c cu to rt nh gn.
- Cc cun s cp v th cp c qun quanh li, s vng quay ca cun th
cp ln hn rt nhiu so vi cun s cp. Mt u cun s cp c ni vi IC nh
la, cn mt u ca cun th cp c ni vi bugi. Cc u cn li ca cc cun
c ni vi dng cp t c quy thng qua gic cm.

10

Hnh 2.5: Cu to cun nh la c IC nh la

Hot ng ca cun nh la n (bbin n)
1. Dng in trong cun s cp:
- Khi ng c chy, tn hiu t cc cm bin s c ECU tnh ton v pht ra
tn hiu nh la IGT. Tn hiu IGT s ng mch s cp v s c dng t c quy
chy qua IC nh la vo cun s cp.

11

Hnh 2.6: Dng in trong cun s cp

2. Ngt dng in vo cun s cp:
- ng c tip tc chy, ECU s ngt tn hiu IGT (OFF), IC nh la nhanh
chng ngt dng in t c quy vo cun s cp. Kt qu l t thng ca cun s cp
bt u gim v vy to ra mt sc in ng theo chiu chng li s gim t thng
hin c. Hiu ng t cm to ra mt th in ng khong 500 V trong cun s cp,
hiu ng cm ng tng h km theo ca cun th cp to ra mt sc in ng
khong 30 kV. Th in ng ny lm cho bugi pht ra tia la in.
- Dng s cp cng ln v s ngt dng s cp cng nhanh th in th th cp
cng ln.
2.3.2.3 Bugi
Bugi nh la c nhim v nhn cc xung in cao th t cun th cp truyn
n v bt tia l in cao th t chy hn hp kh - nhin liu trong xylanh. y l
chi tit quan trng, quyt nh s lm vic n nh v hiu qu ca h thng nh la.
Do tip xc vi bung t nn trong qu trnh lm vic bugi chu tc ng ca 3 ti
trng:

12

- Ti trng c kh: Pht sinh do p sut kh chy di dng xung p sut, p

sut cc i tc ng ln bugi c th n 50 60 kg/cm2, ng thi bugi cng phi
thng xuyn chu s rung ng do xe gy ra.
- Ti trng nhit: Pht sinh do s thay i ti trng nhit trong mi xylanh sau
mt chu k lm vic. Khi hn hp kh - nhin liu chy nhit khong 18000C
22000C, cn trong k ht nhit khong 50 800C.
- Ti trng in: Do cc xung in truyn n trong thi im nh la, xung
p in khong 15 40 kV hoc cao hn na.
Vic s dng bugi u di s ci thin v tr v hnh dng o nc lm mt tt
hn so vi s dng loi bugi u ngn.
Do phi chu cc loi ti trng trn nn v mt cu to v vt liu cng c
nhng yu cu c bit m bo cho h thng nh la lm vic hiu qu.
Bugi dng trn ng c 1SZ-FE l loi bugi u di do hng DENSO sn xut.

Nh SX

DENSO

Chiu di ca loi di/loi

thng [mm]

K20HR-U11
Khong 26,5/19,0

Khe h Bugi [mm]

1,0 1,1

K bo dng

Ln ti 192000 km
Bng 2.1: Thng s k thut ca loi bugi

13

Hnh 2.7: Cu to bugi u di lp trn ng c 1SZ-FE

Bugi l chi tit phn nh tnh trng lm vic ca ng c. Vic quan st bugi sau
mt thi gian lm vic s gip cho ngi k thut vin rt nhiu trong vic chn on
ng c.
2.3.3 Nguyn l v mch in ca cc cm bin trn ng c 1SZ-FE
2.3.3.1 Cm bin v tr trc khuu v cm bin v tr trc cam
Trn ng c 1SZ-FE s dng hai cm bin ny: mt lp trc khuu xc
nh tc nh tc ng c (NE) v mt lp ti trc cam xc nh v tr ca
piston (G).
Cu to chung:

14

Hnh 2.8: Cu to cm bin trc khuu v cm bin trc cam

- Cm bin v tr khuu v cm bin v tr trc cam dng in t trn xe
TOYOTA loi nam chm ng yn. Mi cm bin gm c roto khp mch t v
cun dy cm ng m li gn vi mt nam chm vnh cu ng yn. S rng trn roto
v s cun dy cm ng thay i ty thuc vo loi ng c.
Hot ng ca cm bin v tr trc khuu:
- a to tn hiu NE c lm lin vi puly trc khuu v c 34 rng. Chuyn
ng quay ca a to tn hiu s lm thay i khe h khng kh gia cc rng ca a
v cun dy nhn tn hiu NE, iu to ra tn hiu NE.
- Tn hiu sinh ra thay i theo v tr ca rng, v n c ECU c xung in
th sinh ra, nh m ECU nhn bit v tr trc khuu v tc ng c. ECU s xc
nh lng nhin liu phun c bn v gc nh la sm c bn da vo tn hiu ny.
- Loi tn hiu NE ny c th nhn bit c c tc ng c v gc quay
trc khuu ti v tr rng thiu ca a to tn hiu, nhng khng xc nh c im
cht trn ca k nn hay k thi.
Hot ng ca cm bin v tr trc cam:
- a to tn hiu G c lm lin vi puly trc cam v c 3 rng (4 rng i
xng nhng c xn mt 1 rng, khuyt 1 rng gip ECU phn bit c thi
k lm vic ca ng c). Chuyn ng quay ca a to tn hiu s lm thay i khe
h khng kh gia cc rng ca a v cun nhn tn hiu G, iu to ra tn hiu G.

15

Hnh 2.9: Tn hiu cm bin NE v cm bin G

Cm bin v tr trc cam gip xc nh c im cht trn ca k nn hay k
thi, ECU xc nh thi im nh la v thi im phun xng.
2.3.3.2 Cm bin kch n
Cu to:

Hnh 2.10: Cu to cm bin kch n

- Cm bin kch n trong ng c 1SZ-FE l loi phng (khng cng hng)
c cu to pht hin rung ng trong phm vi t 6 - 15 kHz. Bn trong cm bin c
mt in tr pht hin h mch. V mt phn t in p cc phn t in p to ra
in p khi p sut hoc s rung ng tc ng ln chng. Phn t p in trong cm
bin kch n c tn s hot ng ha hp vi tn s kch n ng c.
Nguyn l hot ng:
- Cm bin kch n c gn vo thn my v truyn tn hiu KNK ti ECU
ng c khi pht hin s kch n ca ng c. ECU ng c nhn tn hiu KNK v
lm tr thi im nh la nhm ngn chn hin tng kch n xy ra, n lc ECU
ng c nhn thy ting g kt thc th n s iu chnh thi im nh la sm tr
li sau khong thi gian nht nh.
16

2.3.3.3 Cm bin nhit nc lm mt

Cu to:

Hnh 2.11: Cu to v s mch in cm bin nhit nc lm mt

1. in tr, 2. Thn cm bin, 3. Lp cch in, 4. Gic cm dy , 5. Khi cm
bin, 6. in tr nhit, 7. Khi iu khin, 8. Khi in tr gii hn dng.
Nguyn l hot ng:
- Khi ng c hot ng, cm bin nhit nc lm mt thng xuyn theo
di v bo cho ECU bit tnh hnh nhit nc lm mt ng c. Nu nhit nc
lm mt ca ng c thp (ng c va mi khi ng) th ECU s ra lnh cho h
thng phun thm xng khi ng c cn ngui. Cng thng tin v nhit nc lm
mt, ECU s thay i im nh la thch hp vi nhit ng c.
- Khi ECU tnh ton nhit nc lm mt thp hn - 400C hoc ln hn
1400C lc ny ECU s bo hng v ECU nhp ch d phng vi nhit quy c
l 800C.
- Cm bin nhit nc lm mt v in tr R c mc ni tip. Khi gi tr
in tr ca cm bin thay i theo s thay i ca nhit nc lm mt, in p ti
cc THW cng thay i theo. Da trn tn hiu ny ECU tng lng phun nhin liu
nhm nng cao kh nng n nh khi ng c ngui.
2.3.3.4 Cm bin nhit kh np
Cu to:
- Cm bin nhit kh np lp bn trong cm bin lu lng kh np.

17

Hnh 2.12: Cu to v s in cm bin nhit kh np

1. Nhit in tr, 2. V cm bin, 3. Khi cm bin, 4. in tr nhit
5. ECU, 6. in tr gii hn dng.
- Cm bin nhit kh np s dng mt nhit in tr, in tr ca n thay
i theo nhit kh np, c c im l in tr ca n gim khi nhit kh np
tng v ngc li in tr ca n tng khi nhit kh np gim
Nguyn l hot ng:
- Cm bin nhit kh np c mt nhit in tr c mc ni tip vi in
tr c gn trong ECU ng c sao cho in p ca tn hiu c pht hin bi ECU
ng c s thay i theo cc thay i ca nhit in tr ny, khi nhit ca kh np
thp, in tr ca nhit in tr ln to nn mt tn hiu in p cao trong tn hiu ca
cm bin nhit nc lm mt.
2.3.3.5 Cm bin o gi
Cu to:

Hnh 2.13: Cu to cm bin lu lng kiu dy nng

18

Nguyn l hot ng:

- Dng in chy vo dy sy lm cho n nng ln. Khi khng kh chy qua,
dy sy c lm ngui tng ng vi khi lng khng kh np, bng cch iu
chnh dng in chy vo dy sy ny gi cho nhit dy sy khng i, dng
in s t l thun vi lng khng kh np bng cch pht hin dng in ta
xc nh c lng khng kh np. Trong trng hp ny, dng in c th chuyn
thnh in p v gi n ECU.
Mch in cm bin o lu lng kh.

Hnh 2.14: S cu to v iu khin ca cm bin o lu lng khng kh

- Cm bin lu lng kh np c mt dy sy c ghp vo mch cu. Mch
cu ny c c tnh l cc in th ti im A v B bng nhau khi tch ca in tr
theo ng cho bng nhau (Ra + R3)*R1 = Rh*R2.
- Khi dy sy (Rh) c lm mt bng khng kh np, in tr gim dn n s
hnh thnh chnh gia cc in th ca cc im A v B. Mt b khuych i x l
pht hin chnh lch ny v lm tng in p t vo mch ny (lm tng dng in
chy qua dy sy). Khi thc hin vic ny, nhit ca dy sy li tng ln dn n
vic tng tng ng trong in tr cho n khi in th ca cc im A v B tr nn
bng nhau (cc in p ca cc im A v B tr nn cao hn). Bng cch s dng cc
c tnh ca loi mch cu ny, cm bin lu lng kh np c th o c khi lng
kh np bng cch pht hin in p im B.
19

- Trong h thng ny nhit ca dy sy (Rh) c duy tr lin tc nhit

khng i cao hn nhit ca khng kh np, bng cch s dng nhit in tr (Ra).
Do c th o c khi lng kh np mt cch chnh xc mc d nhit kh np
thay i, ECU ng c khng cn phi hiu chnh thi gian phun nhin liu i vi
nhit khng kh np.
- Ngoi ra khi nhit khng kh gim cc cao ln, kh nng lm ngui
ca khng kh gim xung so vi cng th tch kh np mc nc bin. Do mc
lm ngui cho dy sy ny gim xung. V khi kh np c pht hin cng gim
xung, nn khng cn phi hiu chnh mc b cho cao ln.
- Khi ECU pht hin thy cm bin lu lng b hng mt m no , ECU s
chuyn vo ch d phng. Khi ch d phng, thi im nh la c tnh
ton bng ECU, da vo tc ng c v v tr ca bm ga. Ch d phng tip
tc cho n khi h hng c sa cha.
2.3.3.6 Cm bin nng oxy (Cm bin lamda)
Cu to:
- B sy v mt phn t ch to bng ZrO2 (i oxyt Ziconium) gi l Ziconia.
C mt trong v mt ngoi ca phn t ny c ph mt lp mng platin. Khng kh
bn ngoi c dn vo bn trong ca cm bin, cn bn ngoi phi tip xc vi kh
x .

Hnh 2.15: Cu to v mch in cm bin oxy

Nguyn l hot ng:

20

- Ti nhit cao (40000C) nu oxy gia mt ngoi v mt trong ca phn t

ZrO2 c s chnh lch v nng th phn t ZrO2 s sinh ra mt in p gi tr t 0 1 V v truyn v ECU. C th l khi hn hp khng kh nhin liu nht th s c rt
nhiu oxy trong kh x, s chnh lch v nng oxy gia bn trong v bn ngoi
cm bin l nh nn in p do ZrO2 to ra l thp (gn bng 0 V). Ngc li nu hn
hp khng kh nhin liu m th oxy trong kh x gn nh khng cn, iu to ra
s chnh lch ln v nng oxy gia bn trong v bn ngoi cm bin nn in p
do phn t ZrO2 l ln (xp x 1 V).
- Lp platin (ph ln phn t gm) c tc dng nh mt cht xc tc v lm
cho oxy trong kh x phn ng to thnh CO. iu lm gim lng oxy v tng
nhy ca cm bin. ECU s dng tn hiu ny ca cm bin oxy tng hay gim
lng phun nhm gi cho t l xng v khng kh lun t gn l tng mi ch
lm vic ca ng c.
2.3.3.7 Cm bin v tr bm ga loi tuyn tnh
Cu to:

Hnh 2.16: Cu to v s in cm bin v tr bm ga

Nguyn l hot ng:
- Mt in p khng i 5 V t ECU cung cp n cc VC. Khi cnh bm ga
m, con trt trt dc theo in tr v to ra in p tng dn cc VTA tng ng
vi gc m cnh bm ga. Khi cnh bm ga ng hon ton, tip im cm chng
ni cc IDL vi cc E2.

21

2.3.4 B iu khin in t ECU

B iu khin in t ECU l t hp vi mch v cc b phn dng nhn bit
cc tn hiu t cc cm bin, lu tr cc thng tin, tnh ton v a ra cc thng tin x
l n cc c cu chp hnh. Chnh v vy m ng c lun m bo c v mt
cng sut, tnh kinh t v nhin liu, nhy v hot ng n nh trong cc iu kin
lm vic. c bit ECU cn c chc nng chn on nn gip cho th sa cha xc
nh mt cch nhanh chng v chnh xc cc h hng hoc vng h hng trn ng c
cng nh trn t do rt ngn c thi gian chn on v sa cha.
Bn trong ECU cc linh kin in t c sp xp v b tr trong mch in, cc
linh kin bn dn nh cc transistor c sp xp tng di v gn trn cc thanh
kim loi gii nhit tt. Bn ngoi ECU trang b cc u ni giao tip vi cc
cm bin v cc b phn khc ca ng c.
2.3.4.1 B nh tn hiu vo
Cc tn hiu ca cc cm bin sau khi qua b x l tn hiu c chuyn vo b
nh ca ECU. B nh ca ECU bao gm:
- B nh ROM (Read Only Memory): B nh ny dng lu tr cc thng tin
thng trc nh cc thng s ca ng c gm dung tch xylanh, t s nn...v cc
thng s dng kim tra. B nh ny ch c ch khng th sa i cc thng tin
trn , cc thng tin c ci t t trc v khng b mt i khi tt my hoc mt
ngun in.
- B nh RAM (Random Access Memory): y l b nh truy cp ngu nhin,
dng lu cc thng tin mi trong b nh. Cc thng tin lu tr trong RAM gm:
Cc d liu v tnh trng hot ng hin ti ca ng c, cc thng tin hoc h thng
cn thit m b x l my tnh ghi tm thi khi khi ng. Khi ng c ngng hot
ng th cc thng tin trong b nh RAM ny cng b mt.
- B nh PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory): Cu trc c bn th
ging nh b nh ROM nhng cc d liu mi c np ni s dng ch khng
phi ni sn xut.

22

- B nh KAM (Keep Alive Memory): B nh ny dng lu tr cc thng

tin mi (thng tin tm thi). B nh KAM vn c duy tr lu tr cc thng tin khi
ng c tt hoc tt kho in.
m bo c vn ny mt phn ca b nh c cp ngun in c
lp t c quy nn nhng thng tin c cp nht trong vng nh ny theo yu cu ca
b vi x l khng b mt i khi tt kho in.
Thng tin lu tr trong vng nh ny gi l thng tin hiu chnh v d nh cc
thng tin v tnh trng h hng m b x l pht hin khi ng c ang hot ng.
2.3.4.2 B x l trung tm (B vi x l)

Hnh 2.17: S khi ca cc h thng trong my tnh vi microprocessor

B vi x l c nhim v nhp cc thng tin d liu mi sau lu v so snh
vi cc thng tin c lu trong b nh u vo v sau mi xut cc thng tin ny
n b nh tn hiu ra. B vi x l hot ng tng t nh mt my tnh in t
thng qua cc chng trnh c thit lp t trc do khng cn ngi iu
khin.
2.3.4.3 ng truyn s dng mng CAN
Chuyn cc lnh v s liu trong my theo hai chiu.
ECU vi nhng thnh phn nu trn c th tn ti di dng IC hoc nhiu IC,
ngoi ra ngi ta cn phn loi theo di t cc RAM.
2.3.5 iu khin nh la
Nng lng nhit c bin thnh ng lc c hiu qu cao nht khi p lc n
cc i c pht sinh vo thi im trc khuu v tr 100 sau im cht trn
(ATDC). ng c khng to ra p lc n cc i vo thi im nh la, n pht ra
23

p sut cc i chm mt cht, sau khi nh la. V vy, phi nh la sm, sao cho
p sut cc i c to ra vo thi im 100 ATDC. Thi im nh la ng c
c th sn ra p sut cc i phi thng xuyn thay i, tu thuc vo iu kin lm
vic ca ng c. V th, h thng nh la phi c kh nng thay i gc nh la
sm ng c to ra p lc n mt cch c hiu qu nht, ph hp vi iu kin lm
vic ca ng c.

Hnh 2.18: Gc nh la sm v qu trnh chy

Qu trnh nh la ca ng c c iu chnh bi ECU, qu trnh nh la
din ra qua hai giai on (hai iu khin c bn).
iu khin khi khi ng, vic nh la xy ra ti mt gc c nh ca trc
khuu no khng tnh n ch hot ng ca ng c. N c gi l gc thi
im nh la ban u.
2.3.5.1 iu khin nh la khi khi ng
iu khin nh la khi khi ng c thc hin ngay lp tc sau khi nhn
tn hiu NE sau tn hiu G (G1 hay G2). Thi im nh la ny c gi l thi
im nh la ban u.

24

Trong qu trnh khi ng, khi tc ng c vn thp hn tc xc nh, do

tn hiu p sut ng ng np (PIM) hay tn hiu lu lng kh np (VS, KS hay
VG) khng n nh, thi im nh la c c nh ti thi im nh la ban u.
Thi im nh la ban u ny c t trc tip bng IC d phng trong ECU ng
c. Thng thng gc nh la sm c chn nh hn 100. Vi gc nh la ny
ng c c khi ng d dng ngay c khi ngui, ng thi trnh s n di. Vic
iu chnh gc nh la sm theo nhit khi khi ng l khng cn thit v thi
gian khi ng rt ngn.

Hnh 2.19: S tn hiu IGT thi im nh la ban u

Khi c tn hiu khi ng, mch chuyn i trng thi s ni ng IGT sang
v tr ST. Khi , xung IGT c c iu khin bi IC d phng thng qua hai tn
hiu G v NE. Nu ng c n, ng IGT s c ni sang v tr after ST (sau
khi ng) v vic hiu chnh gc nh la sm c thc hin bi ECU.
2.3.5.2 iu khin nh la sau khi khi ng

Hnh 2.20: S tn hiu IGT thi im nh la sau khi khi ng

iu khin nh la sau khi khi ng c thc hin trong qu trnh hot
ng bnh thng.
25

Cc hiu chnh khc nhau c thm vo gc thi im nh la ban u v

gc nh la sm c bn ca qu trnh hot ng bnh thng.
Qu trnh nh la ca ng c c thc hin da vo cc tn hiu nh trn,
v th hin qua s khi sau.

Hnh 2.21: Gc nh la sm thc t

Gc nh la sm thc t khi ng c hot ng c xc nh theo cng thc:

Hnh 2.22: Bn gc nh la sm theo tc v ti ng c

bd cb hc
Trong :
. Gc nh la sm thc t.

bd . Gc nh la sm ban u.
cb . Gc nh la sm c bn.
26

 hc . Gc nh la sm hiu chnh.
- Gc nh la sm ban u ( bd ) da vo tc v ti ca ng c, ECU s
c gi tr ca gc nh la sm c bn ( cb ) c lu gi trong b nh.
- Gc thi im nh la ban u c xc nh nh sau: Khi ECU ng c
nhn c tn hiu NE (im B), sau khi nhn tn hiu G (im A), ECU xc nh
rng y l gc thi im nh la ban u khi trc khuu t n 50, 70, hoc 100
BTDC (khc nhau gia cc kiu ng c).

Hnh 2.23: Xc nh thi im nh la

- Gc nh la sm hiu chnh ( hc ) l gc nh la sm c cng thm hoc
gim bt khi ECU nhn c cc tn hiu khc nhau nh nhit ng c, nhit
kh np, tn hiu kch n, tn hiu tc xe V vy gc nh la sm thc t c
tnh bng gc nh la sm ban u cng vi gc nh la sm c bn v gc nh
la sm hiu chnh t c gc nh la sm l tng theo tng ch hot ng
ca ng c.
Sau khi xc nh c gc nh la sm, b x l trung tm (CPU- centrol
processing unit) s a ra xung in p iu khin nh la (IGT) qu trnh dch
chuyn xung IGT trong CPU v pha trc ca im cht trn khi c s hiu chnh v
gc nh la sm hiu chnh ( hc ) ngoi ra, xung IGT c th c xn trc khi gi
tn hiu n igniter.
27

S iu chnh gc nh la ca ng c c th hin qua s sau:

Thi im gc nh la sm khi khi ng c iu khin nh s trn, vi

gc nh la sm sau khi khi ng iu chnh gc nh la sm chu nh hng
ca gc nh la sm hiu chnh, s nh hng ny ph thuc vo s thay i ca cc
tn hiu hiu chnh truyn v ECU x l. ECU sau khi nhn c tn hiu hiu
chnh s iu chnh c gc hiu chnh cho ph hp vi tng ch hot ng ca
ng c.
Cc hiu chnh khc nhau (da trn cc tn hiu cm bin c lin quan) c
thm vo thi im nh la ban u v thm vo gc nh la sm c bn (c xc
nh bi tn hiu p sut ng ng np hay tn hiu lng kh np v tn hiu tc
ng c)
- Xc nh gc thi im nh la ban u. (Xem phn PH LC 1 trang
62).
- iu chnh gc nh la sm hiu chnh. (Xem phn PH LC 1 trang
63).
28

Chng 3
PHNG TIN V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
3.1 a im thc hin
Ti xng thc tp b mn t khoa C kh - Cng ngh, trng i hc Nng
Lm Thnh Ph H Ch Minh.
3.2 Phng tin
- ng c phun xng TOYOTA YARIS 1SZ-FE.
- St thp I10, tn dy 2 mm, st V4,
- Cc trang thit b xng: cu nng h, ba, km, ko ct tn
- Thit b phn tch tng hp ng c SOE3000B, thit b o tn hiu RIGOL
DS1052E.
3.3 Phng php
- Tham kho ti liu.
- Thit k, lp t cc cm chi tit ca h thng nh la trn m hnh ng c
TOYOTA 1SZ-FE.
Xc nh:
- S chn ECU.
- S h thng iu khin ng c.
- S chn ca cc cm bin.
- Tin hnh i ton b dy cho h thng iu khin ng c.
- Thit k ch to mch o v thu thp s liu c bn ca h thng nh la.
- Vn hnh th nghim ng c thu thp cc s liu lin quan ti, nhn xt
nh gi.

29

Chng 4
KT QU V THO LUN
4.1 M hnh hon thnh

Hnh 4.1: M hnh TOYOTA YARIS 1SZ-FE

4.1.1S chn ECU ng c

Hnh 4.2: S chn ECU

30

4.1.2 V tr chn cc cm bin

Hnh 4.3: S chn cc cm bin

4.1.3 S mch in ng c TOYOTA YARIS 1SZ-FE

Hnh 4.4: S mch in ng c 1SZ-FE

31

4.1.4 ngha cc chn ECU

K hiu
#10,#20, #30, #40

Tn gi
Tn hiu cc kim phun

IGT1, 2, 3, 4

Tn hiu nh la

IGF

Tn hiu hi tip nh la

E01, E02 , E03

Ni mt

E1

Mass ECU

E2

Mass cc cm bin

OVC+, OCV-

Tn hiu iu khin van du VVT-i

EVP

B bay hi

FAN1, FAN2

Qut lm mt ng c

STP

Cng tc n bo dng

ALT

Tn hiu my pht in

RSO

Van iu khin tc cm chng

NE+, NE-

Tn hiu cm bin v tr trc khuu

G2

Tn hiu cm bin v tr trc cam

CASE

Cng tc bo mc du ng c

HT

B sy cm bin oxy

OX1, OX2

Cm bin oxy

THA

Tn hiu cm bin nhit khng kh

THW

Tn hiu cm bin nhit nc lm mt

ACT

iu khin bm ga khng ti
32

ELS

Tn hiu ph ti in

SIL

Tn hiu chun on OBD-II

FC

Tn hiu iu khin bm tip vn

IGSW

Cng tc nh la

+B

Dng cung cp cho ECU sau rle chnh

KNK

Tn hiu cm bin kch n

PSP

Cm bin tr lc li

VTA

Tn hiu cm bin v tr cnh bm ga

VG, EVG

Tn hiu cm bin o gi

VC

in p 5V

STA

Tn hiu khi ng

AC

iu ha khng kh

SPD

Tn hiu tc xe

TACO

Tn hiu tc ng c

n check engine

M-REL

Relay EFI chnh

BATT

in p dng thng trc ca ECU

Bng 4.1: ngha tn vit tt trn ECU

33

4.1.5 Mch in bo tc ng c

Hnh 4.5: S mch in bo tc ng c

- Tn hiu tc ng c t ECU i ra chn TACO c dng l tn hiu kch
dn transistor T1 lm ng ngt cun s cun s cp U1 bin p khuch i.
- in p cp cho cun s cp khuch i 12 V, theo h s khuch i ca bin
p cho trc, in p ra ca TACO s nng ln xp x 200 - 300 V ty thuc tc
ng c (tn s ng ngt ca tn hiu s cp).
- Sau khi c khuch i tn hiu ra c c tnh tng ng c tnh tn hiu
cun s cp nh la.
4.1.6 Cc yu cu s dng m hnh
- Sinh vin phi c hc v cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca h thng nh
la trc tip trn ng c TOYOTA trc khi thao tc trn m hnh.
- Sinh vin phi nhn bit c cu to tng qut ca m hnh.
in p s dng cho m hnh l 12 V, ch khng c php lp c quy vo ng c
sai cc tnh.
- S dng nhin liu xng khng ch.
- Ch yu cu lm mt v bi trn trn ng c.
- c bit quan tm n vn chng chy n v an ton lao ng khis dng
m hnh.

34

4.2 Vn hnh ng c 1SZ-FE

4.2.1 Kim tra p sut cui k nn
Mc ch:
Kim tra p sut cui k nn nhm xc nh p sut trong tng xylanh nh
hng n iu kin lm vic ca ng c.
Kim tra p sut phi lun c thc hin trc khi iu chnh bt k h hng
no ca ng c.
Chun b:
- c quy in p (9 - 14 V), kim tra h thng khi ng.
- Dng c tho bugi.
- ng h o p sut cui k nn.
- ng c cn o p sut.
Phng php
o kh:
- Tho ht bugi, lp c quy vo, tho relay chnh ( mc ch cho bm ngng hot
ng)
- Lp ng h o p sut vo ch bugi tho (khng dng c l lc).
- M ln bm ga, bt kha STA.
- c v ghi nhn gi tr p sut ln nht trn ng h.
- Lp li cc bc cho tng xylanh.
- So snh p sut o c ca tt c xylanh.
- Nu gi tr p sut chnh lch gia cc xylanh 10% l bnh thng.
- Nu ln hn 10% th xc nh nguyn nhn.
- ng c xng: 12,50 kgf/cm2 = 178 psi. Ti thiu 9 kgf/cm2 = 128 psi (1 psi =
0,07 kgf/cm2).
o t:
- Nhm xc nh mn gii hn cho php ca sc mng, xylanh v xpp,
nu p sut nn trong cc xylanh thp.

35

- Thc hin tng t nh o kh, nhng ta nh vi git du nhn vo xylanh ta

tin hnh o.
- Nu p sut o c ln hn p sut o kh th c th do sc mng mn,
xylanh mn.
- Nu p sut khng tng c th do xpp mn.
Kt qu o kh:
Bng 4.2: Kt qu o kh
n v: (kgf/cm2)
My
1

15

13,5

13,5

14

Ln o
Ln 1, 2, 3

Kt qu o t:
Bng 4.3: Kt qu o t
n v: (kgf/cm2)
My
1

Ln 1

18,5

13,5

15,5

15

Ln 2, 3

18

14

15,5

16

Ln o

Tnh trng ng c:
- Tr s p sut ca cc xy lanh iu qu cao hn tiu chun ca nh ch to,
nguyn nhn l do bung t c nhiu mui than hoc b mt np my b mi qu
nhiu lm cho t s nn tng.
- Kt qu o t p sut cui k nn ca cc xy lanh iu tng so vi o kh,
chng t cc sc mng, xylanh mn (cn trong gii hng cho php.
- T s nn cao, bung t c nhiu mui than dn n kch n 3600
vng/pht
36

4.2.2 Kim tra p sut bm nhin liu

Chun b:
- ng h o p sut nhin liu.
- Accu (12 - 14 V).
Phng php o:
- Tho ng dy ng h ra.
- Gn ng dy o p sut nhin liu vo bm xng ca m hnh 1SZ-FE.
- Lp c quy vo m hnh ng c 1SZ-FE.
- Kim tra h thng, bt kha ON.
- Bt kha STA, c kt qu p sut n nh trn ng h.
- Ghi nhn kt qu c c.
Bng 4.4: Kt qu o p sut bm nhin liu
n v:(kgf/cm2)
p sut o c

Gi tr chun ca nh sn xut

2,8

2,7 - 3,5

Hnh 4.6: p sut bm nhin liu m hnh 1SZ-FE

Tnh trng:
- Lc, van iu p hot ng tt. p sut bm nhin liu hot ng bnh thng.
- Khi tt my (ECU khng cn nhn tn hiu NE v ngt tn hiu t ngt lm
in p iu khin bm tng ln t ngt) p sut tng vt ln 3,2 kgf/cm2 . Sau
5 s p sut gim xung 1,5 kgf/cm2 v sau gim v 0.

37

4.2.3 Kim tra nng kh thi bng thit b KEG 500

Hnh 4.7: Thit b o kh thi KEG-500

Chun b:
- Thit b kim tra kh thi ng c xng KEG-500.
- My tnh c ci t phn mm kim tra kh thi.
- ng c cn kim tra kh thi.
- Accu 12 V.
Phng php o:
- o nng HC v CO bng thit b o kh thi, o trc tip trn ng c.
- Kt ni my KEG-500 vi my tnh c ci t phn mm kim tra kh x.
- o ng c 3 ch :
Tc cm chng.
Chy n nh 2500 vng/pht.
Ch gia tc.
- So snh tiu chun vi nc ang s dng.

38

Bng 4.5: Tiu chun kh thi TCVN 6438:2001

Kt qu o:
Bng 4.6: Kt qu kim tra kh thi bng thit b KEG-500

Qua kt qu o c, ta thy thnh phn kh thi CO (%), HC (ppm) ca ng

c so vi gi tr tiu chun kh thi TCVN 6438:2001 v tiu chun kh thi th ng
c cn m bo yu cu s dng.
4.3 Kim tra tn hiu ca cc cm bin
Phng tin kim tra bng my o sng:
- Thit b phn tch tng hp ng c SOE3000B.
- Thit b phn tch tn hiu RIGOL DS1052E.
4.3.1 Kim tra cm bin o gi
o chn VG, EVG(mass).

39

Hnh 4.8: Tn hiu cm bin o gi tc idle

Nhn xt:
- xc nh ti, ECU da vo tn hiu p sut trn ng ng np hoc tn
hiu lng kh np.
- Cm bin gi l cm bin c bn, thiu cm bin ny ng c vn c th hot
ng ch khng ti, nhng khi tng ti t ngt ng c s ngng hot ng.
4.3.2 Cm bin v tr trc khuu (Tn hiu NE)
o chn NE+, NE-.

Hnh 4.9: Tn hiu cm bin NE

Nhn xt:
- Tn hiu NE xut ra 34 xung dng hnh sin cho mi vng quay.
- in p l 10,75 V.
40

- Cm bin gc quay trc khuu l cm bin c bn, thiu cm bin ny ng c

s khng hot ng.
4.3.3 Cm bin v tr trc cam (Tn hiu G)
o chn G2, NE-.

Hnh 4.10: Tn hiu cm bin truc cam

Nhn xt:
- Tn hiu G2 xut ra 3 xung dng hnh sin cho mi vng quay.
- in p l 5,25 V.
- Bo cho ECU bit v tr im cht trn.
4.3.4 Cm bin v tr bm ga (Tn hiu IDL, VTA)
o chn VTA, mass.

Hnh 4.11: Tn hiu chn VTA ca cm bin bm ga

Nhn xt:
41

Khi cnh bm ga m, con trt trt dc theo in tr v to ra in p tng

dn tuyn tnh cc VTA tng ng vi gc m cnh bm ga.
- Tc idle: in o 0,8 V.
- Tc 6000 vng/ pht: 1,4 V.
4.3.5 Cm bin kch n (Tn hiu KNK)
o chn KNK, mass.

Hnh 4.12: Tn hiu cm bin kch n

Nhn xt:
- Khi xy ra kch n: in p tn hiu 0,732 V.
- ECU ng c nhn tn hiu KNK v lm tr thi im nh la nhm ngn
chn hin tng kch n xy ra, n lc ECU ng c nhn thy ting g kt thc th
n s iu chnh thi im nh la sm tr li sau khong thi gian nht nh.
4.3.6 Cm bin Oxy (Tn hiu Oxy)
o chn HT, E2.

42

Hnh 4.13: Tn hiu cm bin oxy

- ECU s dng tn hiu ny ca cm bin oxy tng hay gim lng phun
nhm gi cho t l xng v khng kh lun t gn l tng mi ch lm vic
ca ng c.
4.4 Kim tra cc b phn chp hnh
4.4.1 Van VVT-i
o chn OCV+, E2.

Hnh 4.14: Tn hiu OCV+ khing c cha n my (bt ON)

Nhn xt:
ng c cha n( bt ON):
43

- Thi gian m van: 0,525 ms.

- Chu k: 5,150 ms.

Hnh 4.15: Tn hiu OCV+ khi ng c ch idle

Nhn xt:
Tc idle:
- Thi gian m van: 1,250 ms.
- Chu k: 5,150 ms.

44

Hnh 4.16: Tn hiu OCV+ khi ng c tc 4000 vng/pht

Nhn xt:
Khi ng c tc 4000 vng/pht:
- Thi gian m van: 0,425 ms.
- Chu k: 5,150 ms.
4.4.2 Van ISC
o chn RSO, mass.

Hnh 4.17: Tn hiu RSO cng tc my v tr ON

Nhn xt:
Cng tc ON:
- in p: 9,8 V.
- Tn s: 245 Hz.
- W ( rng xung): 2,6 ms.
Tc Idle:
- Tn s: 245 Hz.
- W ( rng xung): 3ms.
4.4.3 Kim phun
o chn #1 v mass.

45

Hnh 4.18: Tn hiu iu khin kim phun

Nhn xt:
- Kim phun c iu khin bi ECU ng c.
- in p chn #1 bng in p bnh c quy khi kim phun ng.
- in p chn #1 gn bng 0V khi kim phun m phun nhin liu.

46

4.4.4 Tn hiu nh la
Kim tra chn IGT, mass.

Hnh 4.19: Tn hiu IGT, IGF ( ch idle)

Tn hiu IGT:
- rng xung trong khong 3 - 4 ms.
- Tn hiu in p pht ra cao nht l 4,083 V.
Khi xc nh c thi im nh la, ECU ng c gi tn hiu IGT n
IC nh la. Trong khi tn hiu IGT c chuyn n bt IC nh la, dng in
s cp chy vo cun dy nh la ny. Trong khi tn hiu IGT tt i, dng in s
cp n cun dy nh la s b ngt.
Tn hiu IGT c bt ON ngay trc khi thi im nh la c b vi x l
trong ECU ng c tnh ton, v sau tt i. Khi tn hiu IGT b ngt, cc bugi s
nh la.
Tn hiu IGF:
- Tn hiu in p pht ra cao nht l 4,333 V.
Khi ECU ng c nhn c tn hiu IGF n xc nh rng vic nh la
xy ra.(Tuy nhin iu ny khng c ngha l thc s c nh la). Nu ECU ng
47

c khng nhn c tn hiu IGF, chc nng chn on s vn hnh v mt DTC

c lu trong ECU ng c v chc nng an ton s hot ng v lm ngng phun
nhin liu.
4.5 Kim tra mt s chn cn li t hp ECU
4.5.1 Tn hiu chn ALT
o chn ALT, mass.
- 0 V khi bt ON ng c cha hot ng.
- 12 V khi ng c ang hot ng np in cho c quy v mt s thit b
in khc ang hot ng.
4.5.2 Tn hiu chn FC
o chn FC, mass.
- 0 V khi bm nhin liu lm vic.
- 12 V khi bm nhin liu ngng lm vic..
4.5.3 Tn hiu chn TACO
o chn TACO, mass.

Hnh 4.20: Tn hiu TACO

- Tn hiu in p cao nht l 5,929 V.
48

- Tn hiu TACO c dng xung vung ging vi IGT l tn hiu quan trng
bo tc ng c.
4.5.4 Tn hiu chn FAN1
o chn FAN1, mass.

Hnh 4.21: S mch din qut lm mt

Khi ng c ang hot ng (hoc kha in bt ON) in p chn FAN1 v
E1 ng c:
- in p c gi tr 9 - 14 V. Qut cha quay.
- in p c gi tr 0 V. Qut quay (cm bin nhit nc gi tn hiu v ECU
ng c cn c lm mt)
4.6 Phn tch cc yu t nh n phng php iu khin nh la trn ng c
TOYOTA YARIS 1SZ-FE
4.6.1 Hiu chnh n nh khng ti
Van iu chnh tc khng ti ISC lm thay i lng khng kh dn n
thay i lng phun, thay i tc ng c cng nh thay i thi im nh la
Khi ng c ch khng ti th s dao ng tc khng ti chun, ECU
ng c s iu chnh thi im nh la n nh tc ng c. Nu tc ng
c gim xung thp hn tc chun ECU s iu chnh cho gc nh la sm ln,
v khi tc ng c qu cao ECU ng c s lm gim gc nh la sm.

49

4.6.2 nh hng ca tc ng c n gc nh la
Bng 4.7: Kho st nh hng ca tc ng c n gc nh la

Do hn ch kinh ph v thi gian c hn nn chng em ch kho st n 3600

vng/pht.

Hnh 4.22: th kho st nh hng ca tc ng c n gc nh la

Nhn xt:
- Do t s nn cao, bung t c nhiu mui than, s dng nhin liu xng 92 c
tr s octan thp hn tiu chun nh sn xut dn n kch n 3600 vng/pht.
- Gc nh la thay i theo tc ng c.
- Tc ng c cng nhanh gc nh la sm cng ln.
- n mc tc 3600 vng/pht gc nh la mun li bo v ng c.
4.6.3 nh hng nhit nc lm mt n gc nh la sm v in p
chn THW
Tin hnh cho ng c chy mt mc ga c nh mc 2950 vng/ pht, xt
s thay i nhit nc lm mt n gc nh la sm v in p chn THW.
50

Bng 4.8: Kho st nh hng in tr ca cm bin THW n gc nh la v

in p chn THW

Hnh 4.23: th kho st nh hng in tr ca cm bin THW n gc

nh la v in p chn THW
Nhn xt:
- Khi nhit nc lm mt thp, tc ng c tng ln ng c t n
nhit lm vic l tng.
- Khi nhit ng c tng ln cao, tc ng c c gi n nh.
- in p cm bin THW cng tng gim vi s tng gim in tr trong cm
bin THW. Hay in tr gim khi nhit nc lm mt tng v ngc li.
- Gc nh la thay i theo nhit nc lm mt ca ng c.
51

4.6.4 nh hng in p ca cm bin oxy vi gc nh la sm v tc

ng c
- ECU s nh gi tnh hnh da trn in p t cm bin oxy v iu khin
thi im phun xng ph hp. V vy, nu cm bin oxy hot ng khng chun, ECU
s khng th iu khin t l khng kh - xng chnh xc. nh hng ln ti tc
cng nh gc nh la sm.
4.6.5 nh hng in p ca cm bin kch n vi gc nh la sm v tc
ng c
- H thng nh la iu khin lm gim gc nh la sm khi kch n, khi
cm bin pht hin c kch n th iu khin cho thi im nh la mun, cn khi
khng pht hin ra kch n na th iu khin cho thi im nh la sm hn.
- Bng cch ngn nga kch n nh vy, h thng ny bo v ng c.
4.6.6 nh hng ca in cc bugi n h thng nh la
4.6.6.1 Khe h in cc v in p yu cu

Hnh 4.24: Khe h in cc v in cc bugi

- Khi bugi b n mn th khe h gia cc in cc tng ln, v ng c c th
b my. Khi khe h gia cc trung tm v cc tip t tng ln, s phng tia la gia
cc in cc tr nn kh khn. Do , cn c mt in p ln hn phng tia la. V
vy cn phi nh k iu chnh khe h in cc hoc thay th bugi.

52

4.6.6.2 Hnh dng in cc v c tnh phng in

Hnh 4.25: Hnh dng in cc v c tnh phng in

- Cc in cc trn kh phng in, trong khi cc in cc vung hoc nhn
li d phng in. Qua qu trnh s dng lu di, cc in cc b lm trn dn v tr
nn kh nh la. V vy, cn phi thay th bugi. Cc buji c in cc mnh v nhn
th phng in d hn. Tuy nhin, nhng in cc nh th s chng mn v tui th
ca bugi s ngn hn. V th, mt s bugi c cc in cc c hn p platin hoc
iridium chng mn. Chng c gi l cc bugi c cc platin hoc iridium.
4.6.7 nh hng ca cht lng nhin liu i vi h thng nh la
- Tr s octan l mt ch tiu rt quan trng ca nhin liu, khi dng nhin liu
c tr s octan thp hn so vi quy nh ca nh ch to s gy ra hin tng kch n
lm gim cng sut ca ng c, nng my, gy mi mn cc chi tit my, to khi
en gy nhim mi trng. Ngc li nu dng nhin liu c tr s octan cao qu s
gy lng ph.
- iu quan trng l phi dng nhin liu ng theo yu cu ca nh ch to, c
th l theo ng t s nn ca ng c, khi t s nn ln th yu cu tr s octan ln v
ngc li.

53

4.7 Chn on v khc phc h hng theo tn hiu n check

Ngoi nhng chc nng nh iu chnh gc nh la, thi im nh la, iu
chnh lng phun nhin liu... ECU ca ng c cn c kh nng lu v t chn on
cc h hng trong h thng iu khin in t. Khi pht hin mt s c hay h hng
no ca ng c th ECU s ghi li s c vo b nh di dng m h hng, m h
hng ny c lu li v khng b xo khi tt kho in.
Trn ng c hay trn xe c b tr n "Check Engine" bo s c v cc
gic cm kim tra.
n bo kim tra ng c s sng ln khi bt cng tc sang v tr ON v khng
khi ng ng c.

Hnh 4.26: Biu tng n check engine trn tableau

- n Check Engine c b tr trn ng h, bn cnh tay li. Khi mi bt
kho in n s sng bo cho li xe bit n vn cn hot ng, khi ng c quay
trn 650 vng/pht n s t tt i. Chc nng ca n Check Engine:
- T kim tra hot ng ca n.
- Bo li khi xe gp s c (khi ng c quay ln hn 650 vng/pht) n s tt
khi tnh trng tr li bnh thng.
- Chc nng bo m chn on: Cc m chn on c pht ra khi ng c gp
s c, m c pht theo th t t nh n ln, s ln nhy ca n bng vi s m
li.
- xc nh nhanh chng hiu qu v chnh xc nguyn nhn h hng ca
ng c ta cn phi thc hin theo quy trnh chn on sau:
Cc yu cu trc khi ly m chn on:
54

- in th c quy cung cp cho h thng ti thiu l 11 V.

- Tay s v tr s khng.
- Tt cc trang thit b ph trn my.
- Bm ga v tr ng hon ton (tip im khng ti ngt).
- Bt kho in v tr ON (khng n my).
Trn gic kim tra dng dng c ni tt SST ni tt cc TC (cc kim tra)
vi cc E2 (cc ni t ca ECU).Sau c s ln nhy ca n Check Engine.
- Nu ng c hot ng bnh thng n s nhy u n, bt 2 ln v tt 2
ln trong mt giy. M tng ng vi ch hot ng bnh thng nh hnh 4.27.

Hnh 4.27: n Check Engine khng bo li

- Nu h thng c s c n s nhy theo nhng nhp khc nhau tng ng vi
tng m c quy nh.
V d hnh di y l kiu nhy ca n Check Engine cho m 12 v 31.

Hnh 4.28: n Check Engine bo li

55

n s nhy s ln bng vi m h hng, n s tt trong khong thi gian nh

sau:
- Gia ch s u tin v ch s th 2 ca cng mt m l 1,5 s.
- Gia m th nht v m tip theo l 2,5 s.
- Nu khng cn s c no na n s tt 4,5 s sau li lp li t u cc m
pht trc cho n khi tho dng c ni tt gia cc TC v E2 ra th n s ht
nhy.
- Nu c nhiu li xy ra trong h thng n s pht ra cc ma t nh n ln.

S m

Nhp n bo

H hng

-Bnh thng
Tn hiu G v NE
12
Tn hiu NE
13
nh la IGT
14

15

Tn hiu IGF

Tn hiu G
17
Cm bin Oxy
21

56

Cm bin nhit nc lm
22

mt

24

Cm bin nhit kh np
Ha kh ngho

25
Ha kh giu
26
Cm bin oxy th 2
27
Cm bin o gi
31
Cm bin v tr bm ga
41
Cm bin tc xe
42
Tn hiu khi ng
43
iu ha nhit
51
Cm bin kch n s mt
52

57

Cm bin kch n s hai

55

Cm bin van EVG

71
Bng 4.9: Bng m chn on h hng ca ng c 1SZ-FE
Cch xa m li
- Bt cng tc my sang v tr OFF.
- Tho cc m c quy t nht l 30 giy.
- Cho ng c chy v kim tra li.

58

Chng 5
KT LUN V KIN NGH
5.1 Kt lun
Sau thi gian thc hin ti Phn tch cc yu t nh hng n phng
php iu khin h thng nh la trn ng c TOYOTA YARIS 1SZ-FE, chng
em tip thu c nhiu kin thc v kinh nghim qu bo trong vic kho st ng
c TOYOTA YARIS 1SZ-FE.
Trong ti ny em i su tm hiu nguyn l lm vic ca cc loi cm bin,
cc yu t nh hng tnh nng hot ng ca h thng nh la trn ng c.
Trng tm ca ti trnh by cc yu t nh hng n phng php iu
khin h thng nh la trn ng c TOYOTA YARIS 1SZ-FE, tnh ton kim tra
thng s ca h thng nh la ng c 1SZ-FE, tm hiu cc h hng ca h thng
nh la, cc m chn on h hng trn ng c cng nh trn h thng.
5.2 Kin ngh
Do hn ch v kinh nghim v kin thc nn ti cha c hon chnh. V
vy rt mong nhn c s ng gp kin, nh gi ca cc bn bi c hon
thin hn.
Thi gian thc hin ti hn ch v vy nhm thc hin cha tm hiu ht v
tnh nng, c im ca m hnh ny.
Nhm thc hin mong rng, sinh vin cc kha sau s tip tc nghin cu v
khai thc ht cc tnh nng v c im ca m hnh.

59

TI LIU THAM KHO

Ti liu ting vit
1. Gio trnh Thc tp h thng in t- Ths. Bi Cng Hnh - HNL -2009.
2. Gio trnh H thng in ng c-Ths. Bi Cng Hnh - HNL -2008.
3. PGS-TS Vn Dng, Trang b in v in t trn t hin i- Trng i
hc S Phm K Thut TP.HCM, 2007.
Cc thng tin khc truy cp t Internet.
4. http://www1.hcmute.edu.vn/ckd/LIENHE/LE%20THANH%20PHUC/TT%20
Dien%20O%20to%20I/Contents/lesson12.html
5. http://phutungxeoto.net/tin-tieu-diem/thong-so-ky-thuat-cua-bugi.html
6. http://luanvan.net.vn/luan-van/do-an-khao-sat-he-thong-danh-lua-dong-co-2grfe-lap-tren-xe-camry-2007-toyota-25124/

60

PH LC
Ph lc 1: Kin thc b sung
2.3.5.2 iu khin nh la sau khi khi ng

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Kin thc b sung

2.3.5.2 iu khin nh la sau khi khi ng
Thi im nh la= Gc thi im nh la ban u + Gc nh la sm c
bn + Gc nh la sm hiu chnh.
Trong qu trnh hot ng bnh thng ca chc nng iu khin nh la sau
khi khi ng, tn hiu thi im nh la (IGT) m b x l tnh ton c pht qua
IC d phng.
+ Gc thi im nh la ban u.
Gc thi im nh la ban u c lu tr trong b nh ECU, gc nh la
sm c bn thay i ty theo tnh trng hot ng ca ng c.
+ Gc nh la sm c bn.
Gc nh la sm c bn trong h thng nh la in t c lu trong b
nh ca ECU ng c.
Tip im khng ti ng (ON).
- Thi im nh la c lm sm ln ph thuc vo tc ng c khi tip
im khng ti ng.

Hnh 1: th biu din s thay i gc nh la sm theo tc ng c

Tip im khng ti m (OFF).

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- ECU ng c xc nh gc nh la sm c bn da trn tn hiu trong b

nh, p sut ng ng np v tc ng c.
+ iu chnh gc nh la sm hiu chnh.
Hiu chnh khi hm nng.

Hnh 2: th biu din mi quan h gc nh la vi

nhit nc lm mt
- Thi im nh la c lm sm nng cao kh nng ti khi nhit
nc lm mt thp.
Hiu chnh nhit qu cao.

Hnh 3: th gii hn gc nh la lc nhit nc qu cao

- trnh ting g v ng c khng b qu nng, thi im nh la c
lm mun i khi nhit nc lm mt c bit cao.
Hiu chnh n nh khng ti.
- Khi tc ng c trong qu trnh khng ti b dao ng xung quanh tc
khng ti chun, ECU s iu chnh thi im nh la n nh tc ng c.
- ECU ng c thng xuyn tnh ton tc trung bnh. Nu tc c bn
xung thp hn tc chun ECU s lm sm thi im nh la mt gc xc nh,
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cn nu tc ng c tng qu cao tc chun ECU s lm mun thi im nh

la mt gc xc nh.
Hiu chnh phn hi t l kh- nhin liu.
- Trong qu trnh hiu chnh phn hi t l kh- nhin liu, tc ng c thay
i theo s tng hay gim lng phun nhin liu. ng c c bit nhy cm vi s
thay i t l kh- nhin liu khi n chy khng ti, nn ch khng ti n nh
c m bo bng cch lm sm thi im nh la ph hp vi lng phun ca
hiu chnh phn hi t l kh- nhin liu . Hiu chnh ny khng xy ra khi xe ang b
ko.
Hiu chnh kch n.
- Nu ng c xy ra kch n, cm bin kch n ting g s chuyn rung ng
ny thnh tn hiu in p v gi n v ECU ng c.
- ECU nhn bit ln ca s kch n ba cp . Mnh, trung bnh, yu, ty
theo ch hot ng ca ng c hay tn hiu KNK gi v, n thay i gc nh la
mun hiu chnh. Ni cch khc, nu hin tng kch n xy ra mnh, thi im nh
la xy ra mun i nhiu, trong khi nu ting g yu, n s lm mun t hn.
- Khi hin tng kch n ngng, ECU s ngng lm vic mun v bt u lm
sm thi im nh la tng t mt. Thi im nh la ny c lm sm lin tc
cho n khi s kch n ng c xy ra, v khi thi im nh la li c lm
mun i.

Hnh 4: th biu din s thay i gc nh la theo tn hiu g ng c

Hiu chnh iu khin mmen.

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- Trong trng hp xe c lp t ECT (hp s iu khin in t), mi li hp

v phanh trong b truyn bnh rng hnh tinh ca hp s to ra va p khi
chuyn s.
- Trong mt s loi xe va p ny c lm gim bng cch lm mun thi
im nh la khi chuyn xung hay ln s.
- Khi chuyn s bt u, ECU ng c lm mun thi im nh la gim
mmen ca ng c. Kt qu l, va p ca ly hp v phanh trong b bnh rng hnh
tinh gim xung v chuyn s din ra m hn.
- Gc thi im nh la c lm mun n mt gi tr ti a khong 20o bi
hiu chnh ny. Hiu chnh ny khng xy ra khi nhit nc lm mt hay in p
c quy di mt gi tr nht nh.
Cc hiu chnh khc.
Hiu chnh khi chuyn i.
- Trong qu trnh chuyn i t gim tc n, thi im nh la hoc c
lm gim hoc tng ph hp vi s tng tc.
Hiu chnh iu khin khi chy chn ga t ng.
- Khi li xe xung dc vi ch chn ga t ng, to ra s m du trong
hot ng iu khin chn ga v gim s ti thiu s thay i v mmen ng c gy
ra bi vic ct nhin liu do phanh bng ng c, mt tn hiu gi t ECU iu khin
chn ga n ECU ng c v lm mun thi im nh la.
Hiu chnh ACIS ( H thng np kh iu khin di ng np).
- Khi tc ng c tng ln hn mt gi tr xc nh, ACIS hot ng. ti
thi im ny, ECU ng c s ng thi lm sm thi im nh la, do vy nng
cao cng sut ra, do vy nng cao c tnh ng c c tc thp v cao.
Hiu chnh khi hng b lm mt trung gian.
- Hiu chnh ny lm mun thi im nh la nu tn hiu bo b lm mt
trung gian hng.
iu khin gc nh la sm ti a v ti thiu.

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- Nu thi im nh la (Thi im nh la ban u + gc nh la sm c

bn + Gc nh la sm hiu chnh) tr nn khng bnh thng, hot ng ca ng
c s b nh hng nghim trng. ngn chn iu ny, ECU ng c iu khin
gc nh la thc t sao cho tng gc nh la sm c bn v gc nh la sm hiu
chnh khng th ln hn hay nh hn mt gi tr xc nh.
Gc ny c gi tr l:
Bng 1: Gc nh sm trn ng c
GC TI A

350 ~ 450

GC TI THIU

-100 ~ 00

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